title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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[Alkaline phosphatase and ATPase activity in the walls of the cerebral vessels in hypertension and arteriosclerosis with disorders of the cerebral circulation]. | In hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis without acute disorders of cerebral circulation it was established that in the cerebral vessel walls there was a high activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosintriphosphtase. In the symmetrical areas of the subcortical nodes differences in the activity of these enzymes were insignificant and not valid. In vessel walls, located in the peripheral zone of the apoplectic hemorrhage and in the adjacent brain tissue the activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosintriphosphatase drops. The existence of a high activity of enzymes in the vessel walls on the early stages of hemorrhages gives ground to the authors to claim that in the peripheral zone of an extensive hemorrhage a drop in the enzyme activity appears in the process of a development of a stroke. | 146,993 | [
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An electromic differential pressure flowmeter and a resistance meter for continuous measurement of vascular resistance. | An electronic differential pressure flowmeter for mean blood flow measuring and its use in a resistance meter for continuous recording of vascular resistance is described. The flowmeter allows accurate and linear registration also in the small flow range (less than 10 ml/min), thus appropriate for use in small experimental animals. | 147,004 | [
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[Lymphocyte transformation test in the diagnosis of occupational allergy (author's transl)]. | In 139 persons occupationally exposed to compounds of chromium, formaldehyde and p-phenylenediamine lymphocytic transformation test (ltt) was performed to detect a delayed-type hypersensitivity. In patients suffering from either contact dermatitis or allergic respiratory diseases the findings of ltt were concordant only in about one third of the cases in comparison to patch testing, intracutaneous test, nasal provocation or inhalation test. | 147,014 | [
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Ouabain binding to phospholipid-dependent adenosine triphosphatase. | The role of phospholipid in the binding of ouabain to the (Na+ + K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase was studied. Enzyme preparations obtained from rabbit kidney were treated with Lubrol WX to remove the phospholipid component essential for ATPase activity. Reconstituted enzyme samples were prepared by the addition of phosphatidylserine and sedimentation of an enzymically active lipid-protein complex. The binding of ouabain to both kinds of preparations was measured under equilibrium conditions with the use of 3H-labelled ouabain and initial ouabain concentrations in the range 0.01-1 micrometer. The main findings were: (i) (Mg2+ + Pi) promoted binding of significant quantities of ouabain only to the reconstituted enzyme; (ii) the absence of added Na+, (Mg2+ + ATP) similarly promoted binding only to the reconstituted samples; (iii) the addition of Na+ in the presence of (Mg2+ + ATP) increased the amount of ouabain bound to the reconstituted enzyme when the ouabain concentration was below about 0.1 micrometer, but it had no effect when the ouabain concentration was about 1 micrometer; (iv) (Mg2+ + ATP) induced ouabain binding to the depleted enzyme only when Na+ was also added; (v) the amount of ouabain bound to both depleted and reconstituted enzymes was the same in the presence of (Mg2+ + ATP + Na+); (vi) the reconstituted enzyme appeared to have a greater affinity for Na+ than did the depleted enzyme. | 147,079 | [
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Acquired platelet dysfunction following mithramycin therapy. | The administration of mithramycin to patients with testicular tumors has been accompanied by a hemorrhagic diasthesis, often in the absence of thrombocytopenia. Bleeding time, platelet aggregation, platelet adenine nucleotide levels, and coagulation factor assays were studied in three patients receiving mithramycin for embryonal testicular carcinomas. These studies demonstrated a drug dependent, reversible hemorrhagic diathesis associated with (1) prolongation of bleeding time, (2) decreased platelet aggregation responses to ADP, collagen, and epinephrine, and (3) depleted platelet stores of ADP in the absence of thrombocytopenia. These abnormalities were temporally correlated with the onset of mucocutaneous bleeding in all patients. | 147,132 | [
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An electron microscopic and enzyme histochemical study of the boundary zone between the white and red pulp of the human spleen. | Three parts were distinguished by electron microscopy and by enzyme histochemistry at the boundary zone between the white and red pulp of the human spleen. The first was the inner layer of the perifollicular region, composed of medium-sized lymphocytes with abundant free ribosomes in their cytoplasm. A small number of reticulum cells intervened among these lymphocytes. This inner layer was considered to correspond to the "Follikelaussenzone" (Strasser). The second was the outer layer of the perifollicular region, composed of a meshwork of reticulum cells with reticular fibers, and sheathed and non-sheathed arteries. Small and medium-sized lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, and a small number of plasma cells were observed in the mesh spaces. This outer layer was considered to correspond to the "marginal zone" (Snook). At the outermost part of this layer, the venous sinus appeared. There was no distinct border between this layer and the red pulp. The third was the neighboring region of the periarterial lymphoid sheath, showeing similar structure and cellular components to the outer layer of the perifollicular region. It was characteristic feature for the lymphocytes and some of the reticulum cells of this region to have a strong activity for alkaline phosphatase reaction, while the lymphocytes of the outer layer showed only a weak activity. Adenosine triphosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activities were demonstrated on the lymphocytes of these three parts of the boundary zone as well as the lymph follicle. Different activities for these enzyme reactions may indicate the functional properties of the B-cell system. | 147,141 | [
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Absent tricuspid valve with aortic atresia in mixed levocardia (atria situs solitus, L-loop). A hitherto undescribed entity. | Clinical, angiographic and pathologic features are described in a 36-hour-old male infant with mixed (discordant) levocardia, aortic valve atresia, absent tricuspid (left atrioventricular) valve and resultant massive cardiomegaly. This is the first reported case of this type of complex in a heart with discordant chambers. A possible embryologic explanation is offered for the concomitant presence of semilunar valve atresia and absence of the tricuspid valve. | 147,146 | [
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Evidence for a correlation between the latency of an early component of auditory evoked potentials and the brain levels of serotonin in albino rats. | Changes in brain serotonin levels are correlated with the latency of an early component of auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) in rats. In fact 5-hidroxytryptophan provokes an increase both in serotonin brain synthesis and in the latency of EAEP. On the other hand, PCPA provokes an opposite effect. | 147,178 | [
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[The radiological diagnosis of peptic ulcer of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. | In the two years 1974--1976, the radiographic diagnosis of peptic ulcer of the oesophagus was made in 14 patients. All these patients showed oesphagogastric reflux at fluoroscopy, 13 had an axial hiatus hernia. The ulcer lay at the oesophagogastric junction in 13 patients, in one patient it was located 5 cm. above the cardia. Endoscopy was performed in 11 patients and confirmed the X-ray diagnosis. The authors believe the best technique for this purpose to be "hypotonic oesophogography" and that this is essential for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant ulcers. | 147,201 | [
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[Preoperative and postoperative stomach evacuation studies via methods of nuclear medicine and methods of roentgen cineradiography (author's transl)]. | A combination of roentgen cineradiography and functional scintigraphy of stomach evacuation, taken with a gamma camera, was used for assessing the success of organ-conservative surgery of ulcers (selective proximal phagotomy with or without pyloroplasty). This confirmed earlier results to the effect that surgical failure is not indicated with any measure of certainty by any individual roentgenologic symptom. However, the evacuation function is closely correlated with the pattern of clinical and subjective complaints. In most of the cases, rapid postoperative stomach evacuation results in freedom from complaints. Pyloric stenosis and retention point to the failure of the operation via the negatively effected subjective feeling of well-being. Hence, special importance must be attached to functional scintigraphy with regard to meaningful studies of the course and postoperative condition of the patient. | 147,205 | [
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Pharmacocholangiography. | The effect of ouabain and atropine on bile flow and bile iodine concentration in intravenous cholangiography was investigated in 4 cholecystectomized dogs (20 experiments) with complete bile diversion under general anesthesia and compared to the effect of sodium taurocholate. Iodipamide was administered intravenously with an initial priming dose of 50 mg per kg followed by a constant infusion of 2 mg per min per kg. Ouabain in stepwise increasing infusion rates, .0625 to .25 microgram per min per kg, had no significant effect. Atropine infusion rates from 1 to 8 microgram per min kg increased the bile iodine concentration up to 19% but already a 14% increase with a 5% reduction in bile flow was found with the smallest atropine dose. The lowest taurocholate infusion rate resulted in the highest bile iodine concentration and lowest bile flow. It is suggested that atropine premedication and low bile salt plasma levels might improve the opacification of the biliary tree particularly in hepatic dysfunction by reducing selectively specific fractions of the basal bile flow. | 147,207 | [
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[The diagnosis of venous malformation of the orbits (author's transl)]. | The authors describe the frequency, clinical features and methods of diagnosis of venous malformations of the orbits based on their own experience and on the relevant literature. Special attention is paid to plain film diagnosis and angiographic methods of investigation. Orbital phlebography is the most suitable method for demonstrating cavernous haemangiomas and orbital varices and for demonstrating the anatomy of the supplying vessels. For this, special apparatus and skills are necessary in order to obtain adequate, or optimal, phlebograms. The radiological features of venous malformation are described and a selection of typical phlebographic findings are illustrated. An attempt is made to evaluate other forms of examination. Possible aetiological factors in the development of venous malformation in the head and neck region are discussed. | 147,211 | [
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[The use of computers and computer tomography in radiotherapy planning (author's transl)]. | Two examples are used to show how, by means of computer tomography and computers, organ images can be reconstructed; this enhances diagnostic information and helps the clinician in radiotherapy planning. The outlines of tumours or organs which can be obtained serve as the basis for achieving optimal irradiation. | 147,220 | [
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Reexamination of paternal age effect in Down's syndrome. | Paternal age distribution for 1279 cases of Down's syndrome born in 1952--1968 was compared with the corresponding distribution for the general population, corrected for the maternal age as well as for the year of birth of the patients. Although there was no difference in the mean paternal age, the two distributions differed significantly, largely due to the excess of fathers aged 55 years and over and to the deficit of those aged 40--44 years in the patients born to mothers aged 30 years and over. The overall pattern of the relative incidence of Down's syndrome with advancing paternal age, with maternal age controlled, seems consistent with the hypothesis proposed by Stene et al. (1977). It increased from 0.8 for fathers aged 20--24 years slowly up to 1.2 for those aged 45--49 years, though with an intermediate drop to 0.8 at the age of 40--44 years, and then sharply to 2.4 for those aged 55 years and over. This rising pattern of the relative incidence with paternal age was essentially the same for the patients born in 1952--1960 and for those born in 1961--1968, although the slope was less steep in the latter than in the former group. | 147,234 | [
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Post-mortem changes in human central nervous tissue and the effects on quantitation of nucleic acids and enzymes. | A study of post-mortem changes in human central nervous tissue has shown that within 100 h of death, no significant change occurs in the amount of nerve cell DNA and nucleolar RNA nor in some membrane-associated enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, NADH and NADPH diaphorase, and cytochrome oxidase. Low molecular weight RNA species, probably transfer and messenger RNA are quickly lost, but there is little alteration in ribosomal RNA content. Cytoplasmic enzymes show variable changes; phosphofructokinase activity is rapidly decreased; hexokinase is unaltered but lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase initially show increases in activity which subsequently decline. Oxygen uptake diminishes quickly. These findings indicate that mechanical alterations in cell structure, following death, render organelles physiologically ineffective long before any significant changes in certain constituent biochemicals are detected. This report emphasizes the great importance necessary in the selection of appropriately time matched post-mortem tissues if accurate comparative studies of many of the cells constituents are to be made. | 147,255 | [
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Rat locomotory muscle fiber activity during trotting and galloping. | This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that the trot-gallop transition in running guadrupeds occurs when active cross-sectional areas of muscles or fiber populations within muscles, reach some critical point as animals increase speed within trotting. Rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used as experimental animals, and glycogen depletion was used to estimate patterns or fiber activity. Our results indicate that 1) the contribution to power output by the front limb muscles was less than that of the hind limb muscles during trotting and galloping; 2) the active cross-sectional area of plantaris muscles peaked immediately prior to the transition in gait; 3) the ankle plantar flexor group of muscles as a whole did not attain a maximum active cross-sectional area during fast trotting; and 4) no major discontinuities in whole muscle or fiber type glycogen depletion rates occurred across the gait change. Although these findings do not prove the hypothesis, they support the concept that the trop-gallop transition follows the attainment of peak active muscle cross-sectional areas as animals increase trotting speed. | 147,260 | [
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[Blastogenic response in vitro of lymphocyte acne vulgaris]. | 32 patients with different degrees of acne and 10 healthy controls were studied. On every one of them the test for lymphocytic transformation was performed looking for the range of blastogenic response, using PHA and CA. The positive findings with CA related to those obtained in normal subject would support the hypotesis that the cellular immunity as a response to CA antigens would be different in each patient according to the host local conditions. | 147,371 | [
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[Laparoscopic findings in chronic hepatic porphyria (author's transl)]. | The incidence and significance of gray patches on the hepatic surface found at laparoscopy was investigated in 50 patients with chronic hepatic porphyria. The color change was found in 38 patients; in 28 patients well defined gray dots were found. The incidence is not related to the degree of the metabolic disturbance. The gray patches contained 3-9 times more porphyrine than adjacent normally colored areas. Gray color and histological changes do coincide. | 147,373 | [
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[Photographic documentation of peritoneoscopic findings with the polaroid camera (author's transl)]. | Photographic documentation of peritoneoscopic findings is technically well developped, relatively easy to perform, and should be used, as a routine procedure. There are different methods available. The polaroid method is the method of choice, when a paper copy with adequate technical quality is needed at once; this is especially useful for the pathologist, who may evaluate polaroid copies along with bioptic material. The surgeon as well may preoperatively get some visual information if emergency surgery is to be done. The endoscopist is responsible for the quality of the picture himself; a photo laboratory is not needed. Own results and technical procedures are demonstrated. | 147,375 | [
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Immunomorphological reactivity of the intrapulmonary lymphoid tissue. | Young albino rats were repeatedly stimulated by a pulverized suspension of living pneumococci and others by intramuscular injection of killed microbes emulsified in complete Freund adjuvant. The bronchus associated lymphoid nodules increase in size and number; the proximal nodules contain one more follicle with germinal centers formed of pyroninophilic lymphoblasts and plasma cells at the periphery. The follicular organization and the pyronine - plasma cells differentiation point out the ability of these nodules to elaborate a local immune response to antigenic stimulation. | 147,413 | [
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Association of the B-cell alloantigen DRw4 with rheumatoid arthritis. | Previous testing of patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that one HLA-D type, Dw4, occurred more frequently than in normal controls. B-cell alloantigens closely related to HLA-D can now be identified by a simple serologic procedure. Using this test, I studied 80 white patients with erosive, rheumatoid-factor-positive rheumatoid arthritis. The B-cell alloantigen HLA-DRw4 occurred in 70 per cent of 54 patients, as compared to 28 per cent of the 68 normal controls (P less than 10(-5)). Both groups were also tested for the HLA-A, B and C antigens and for HLA-D. HLA-Dw4 occurred in 54 per cent of the patients and 16 per cent of the controls (P less than 10(-5)). Small differences observed in several of the HLA-A and B antigens were not statistically significant. The results indicate that rheumatoid arthritis in whites is associated with genes of the HLA-D region and that immunogenetic factors linked to HLA have a role in its pathogenesis. | 147,420 | [
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The development of oxidative enzymes in rat liver mitochondria. | During early postnatal development there was an increase in the specific activity of a number of oxidative enzymes localized on the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane. The succinic oxidase complex of the inner mitochondrial membrane, whose activity in 1-day-old rats was 50% of the value in adult animals, attained the maximum on about the 10th day after birth. Activity of the choline and the proline oxidase complex, both of which are also localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane, was minimal in 1-day-old rats and went on rising after the 10th day. Rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity, which is localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane, remained stable up to the 10th day, and rose between the 10th and the 90th day. Developmental changes in monoaminooxidase activity, which is likewise localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane, followed a similar course to the choline and proline oxidase complexes. The amount of cytochromes a+alpha3 and cytochrome b in isolated mitochondria did not alter during development. The protein spectrum of the mitochondrial particles, determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate, likewise displayed no marked changes during postnatal development. The above findings show that the metabolic functions of the mitochondria mature during development and that changes in the different enzymes have their own characteristic time course. | 147,472 | [
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Effect of amphotericin B on the incorporation of neocarzinostatin into human gastric cancerous tissues. | AmB/NCS combination therapy against cancer was evaluated. Seven gastric cancer and 2 gastric polyp cases were treated in this manner and in addition 2 gastric cancer patients were treated with NCS alone, to serve as the control. AmB dissolved in glucose solution was administered intravenously as was NCS, which was given at the onset of gastric surgery. Lesion tissues and healthy tissues were collected from each patient and the NCS titers measured by bioassay. It was shown in the majority of the gastric cancer cases that the NCS levels in the lesion tissues were substantially higher than in the surrounding normal tissues, whereas in the gastric polyp and the gastric cancer patients who received NCS alone, no significant differences were found between the tissues. | 147,527 | [
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[Fibromatosis of the thyroid gland region. An electron-microscopic and enzyme-histochemical study (author's transl)]. | Two cases of aggressive fibromatosis of the thyroid gland region were studied by histological, immunhistological and electron-microscopic methods. Contractile cells can be found in all tissue preparations using human serum containing antibodies to smooth muscle, especially in the periphery of the tumor. These cells have the characteristics of myofibroblasts by electron microscopy. The central areas of the tumor are composed of hyalin thickened bundles of collagen fibres with few cellular elements. The myofibroblast is thus considered to be the characteristic cell type of the tumor, and the pathogenesis and histogenesis of the lesion are discussed. | 147,558 | [
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[Spontaneous transformation in LTT of patients with atopic dermatitis and other allergic skin diseases (author's transl)]. | Increased spontaneous transformation rates have been repeatedly found in the LTT of patients with neurodermits or other diseases. We were interested in the question, if they are to induce artificially. On 37 voluntary persons the LTT was performed before, 24, 48 hours and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after an intracutaneous injection of 0,1 ml of Candidin. On 19 test persons a statistically significant and on further 4 a distinct increase of spontaneous transformed cells in the LTT was to record compared with the culture before the injection of the antigen. This phenomenon was only to detect on low levels of spontaneous transformation (to 3%) in the initial culture. The importance of this observation is discussed in regard to immunological processes in the organism during an antigen exposition as well as to its relation with the evaluation of the LTT. | 147,613 | [
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MA changes in institutionalized Down's syndrome persons: a semi-longitudinal approach. | A semi-longitudinal approach was employed in this partial replication of a larger study of MA changes in institutionalized retarded persons (Fisher & Zeaman, 1970). Curves were fitted to MA data for a Down's syndrome group and a group of retarded subjects matched on the basis of initial Ma and CA. The findings generally replicated those of the earlier study. Specifically, the results of a multiple regression/correlation analysis indicated that the two curves were similar in shape, but differed with respect to height. | 147,627 | [
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[Prolactin and thyrotropin after stimulation by thyrotropin releasing hormone a study under long-term administration of oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. | The longtime application of oral contraceptives is assumed to elevate serum prolactin levels under non-stimulated conditions. We therefore examined whether oral contraceptives also will augment prolactin secretion after stimulation, e.g. by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). After TRH stimulation the time sequence of secretion both of prolactin (HPRL) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was determined. Three groups of women were tested in a non-randomized study: group 1 without any hormonal medication (= controls), group 2 taking an oral contraceptives containing cyproterone acetate, group 3 using an oral contraceptive containing d-norgestrel. HPRL secretion was similar in all three groups, the same held true for TSH. A possible correlation between the secretion of HPRL and TSH was examined in the control group. No such correlation was found. The secretion patterns of both hormones also were different. In addition, the basic levels of both HPRL and TSH did not seem to influence the response after stimulation. | 147,656 | [
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[Aetiological aspects of uveitis (author's transl)]. | An analysis of the probable aetiology of 222 cases of uveitis. In order of frequency the aetiology was: infectious focis 31%, rheumatism 28%, tuberculosis 7.6%, streptococci 4%, viral 3.6%, rickettsia 1.3%, syphilis, brucellosis in 0.5%. In 22.1% of cases the aetiology was not established. In young subjects the majority consisted of bacterial and viral infections particularly streptococcal. In adults the most frequent aetiology was rheumatic and in the elderly foci of infection. | 147,667 | [
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Role of negatively charged phospholipids in highly purified (Na+ + K+)-ATPase from rabbit kidney outer medulla studies on (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase, XXXIX. | 1. The requirement for specific polar head groups of phospholipids for activity of purified (Na+ + K+)ATPase from rabbit kidney outer medulla has been investigated. 2. Comparison of content and composition of phospholipids in microsomes and the purified enzyme indicates that purification leads to an increase in the phospholipid/protein ratio and in phosphatidylserine content. 3. The purified preparation contains 267 molecules phospholipid per molecule (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, viz. 95 phosphatidylcholine, 74 phosphatidylethanolamine, 48 spingomyelin, 35 phosphatidylserine and 15 phosphatidylinositol. 4. Complete conversion of phosphatidylserine into phosphatidylethanolamine by the enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase has no effect on the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity of the purified preparation. 5. Complete hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol by a phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus, which is specific for this phospholipid, has no effect on the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity. 6. Hydrolysis of 95% of the phosphatidylcholine and 60--70% of the spingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine by another phospholipase C (Clostridium welchii) lowers the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity by about 20%. 7. Combination of the phospholipid-converting enzymes has the same effect as can be calculated from the effects of the enzymes separately. Only complete conversion of both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol results in a loss of 44% of the (NA+ + K+)-ATPase activity and 36% of the potassium 4-nitrophenylphosphatase activity. 8. These experiments indicate that there is no absolute requirement for one of the polar head groups, although in the absence of negative charges the activity is lower than in their presence. | 147,706 | [
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[A preliminary study on parietal stress decay in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (author's transl)]. | In order to determine equatorial and radial stresses at various depths of left ventricular wall, left ventricular pressures and echocardiographic dimensions were elaborated using the formula proposed by Timoshenko. Patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have minor end-diastolic and end-systolic decay of radial and equatorial stresses, compared to patients with eccentric LVH. The total stress affecting left ventricular wall is significantly minor in telediastole than in telesystole. | 147,793 | [
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[Concentration of antibiotics in long term embolized kidneys (author's transl)]. | In 7 dogs renal arterial embolization was performed using Seldinger technique and inflatable Swan Ganz balloon catheter by injection of methyl methacrylate/butyl 2 cyano acrylat. Six months later tissue concentration of cefazolin was measured in the embolized and kontralateral kidneys and in serum two hours after a short infusion of 1 g of Cefazolin. The concentrations in serum and homogenized kidney tissue were determined by means of the agar well diffusion method. Angiography studies showed no vessels in the embolized kidneys. Histologically there was total atrophy of the tissue especially the tubular system. The mean tissue level of Cefazolin in the embolized kidney was 70% of serum. The tissue concentration was always above 10 microgram/g. This concentration is high enough to inhibit nearly all strains of E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella and a large part of Proteus mirabilis, whereas nearly all gram-positive bacteria are inhibit at a lower concentration. Value and necessity of antibiotic therapy in embolized kidney cancer is discussed. | 147,821 | [
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[Disseminated branching pulmonary ossification combined with heterotopic bone formation in the muscles (author's transl)]. | Idiopathic disseminated pulmonary ossification is a rarely recognised condition in which small pieces of marrow containing bone are found in the interstitial tissues of the lungs. The case reported here is unique in showing combination with myositis ossificans circumscripta. The extent of the lung changes was also unusual. The clinical, radiological and histological findings are compared. | 147,825 | [
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Rehab Act calls for new approach to interviewing job applicants. | Compliance with regulations implementing section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act will require hospitals to revise hiring practices. Personnel administrators will need to examine employment screening and selection devices, especially, to ensure that they do not discriminate against handicapped applicants. | 147,850 | [
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The use of the low back and the dorsal scales in the identification of functional low back patients. | Scores from the Low Back (Lb) and the Dorsal (DOR) scales of 20 patients with functional low back pain, 20 patients with functional gastrointestinal pain, and 20 psychoneurotic patients were compared. Among the various proposed cut-off scores, the Lb score of 11 yielded the highest rate (75%) of correct identification of Low Back patients and a hit rate similar to those reported in previous studies. However, it was noted that this 75% hit rate did not achieve statistical significance. Furthermore, the data indicated that neither the Lb nor the DOR scales could differentiate the Low Back patients from other psychosomatic and psychiatric patients and suggested that these two scales should be used with extreme caution by clinicians. | 147,886 | [
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Personality characteristics of physically impaired adolescents. | Investigated MMPI profile differences between disabled and nondisabled (normals). Comparison of mean raw scores on the MMPI was made by t-tests. A preliminary analysis that compared adolescents with congenital versus traumatic impairment yielded only one significant finding: Scale O (Si) (p is less than .05) for females with congenital impairment. Subsequently, after the congenital and traumatic groups for each sex were combined, t-tests were computed on mean raw scores of the MMPI for each scale between the disabled and nondisabled adolescent groups. The profile patterns of the disabled groups for both sexes were similar; however, the male disabled adolescents had significantly higher scores on Scales 1, 2, 5, 8 and 9, while the disabled female adolescents had significantly higher scores on Scales F, 1, 6, 7, 8 and 9. Inspection of the profiles revealed minimal sex differences among the disabled groups. It was suggested that the common factor of moderate to severe chronic physical impairment may serve to reduce normative sex differences in personality development at least as reflected by the MMPI. | 147,887 | [
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Isolation and characterization of naturally occurring subclasses of human peripheral blood T cells with regulatory functions. | By utilizing naturally occurring autoimmune antibodies from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, we have isolated and functionally characterized two unique subpopulations of T cells. JRA+ T cells, i.e., those identified by sera from these patients, react poorly in response to allogeneic cells, respond to Con A but not PHA, and do not help in the synthesis and secretion of Ig by B cells. In contrast, JRA- T cells, i.e., those not identified by sera from these patients, respond very well to allogeneic cells, proliferate well in response to PHA but not Con A, and more interestingly, can greatly enhance the secretion of Ig by B cells. | 147,907 | [
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[2 new species of nematodes of the family Dolichodoridae (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from the soil around cotton roots]. | The description and figures of two new species of nematodes of the genus Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 are given. T. variannus sp. n. is characterized by an asymmetrical position and variation of the width of cuticular rings in the trophic, genital and caudal parts of the body. It differs from T. irregularis Wu, 1969 in the shape of the stylet and tail and in the number and width of the tail rings. T. chirchikensis sp. n. differs from allied species by the protrusion of the cuticle into the body around the vulva, length of the ovary, structure of the head capsule, stylet and tail and by the ratio between the tail length and body width of the anus. | 148,023 | [
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Long systems of the dorsolateral fascicle: influence of afferentation from the splanchnic region. | The influence of afferentation from the splanchnic region on the activity of long systems in the dorsolateral fascicle (DLF) was studied in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. Ascending axons (the dorsal spinocerebellar tract, DSCT and the spinocervical tract, SCT) did not respond to splanchnic stimuli. Conditioning from the splanchnic region modified their activity; the effect (mainly inhibitory) was strongest in the case of exteroceptive channels. The reaction of long propriospinal neurones depended on whether they belonged to ascending or descending pathways. No responses to splanchic stimuli were observed in the axons of ascending (proprioceptive, exteroceptive) units and conditioning from the splanchnic region only modified their activity. In decending axons, synaptic discharges with a long latent period (over 20 msec) were generated. The interaction of inputs from the visceral and somatosensory regions resulted in reciprocal inhibition of the tested activity. In axons descending from suprasegmental areas, splanchnic afferentation generated synaptic discharges with a time course comparable to spino-bulbo-spinal activity. Interaction with the responses from somatic nerves resulted inhibition of the tested activity. The results confirmed that the splanchnic region participates in modifying and evoking activity in the long DLF systems. | 148,056 | [
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Radioimmunoassay of an early plasmin degradation product of human fibrinogen, "fragment A", and its clinical application. | Upon the plasmin digestion of human fibrinogen, an early cleavage product, which has been designated as fragment A, was isolated, and to study the action of plasmin in the circulation, radioimmunoassay for fragment A was carried out. This assay used rabbit immune serum obtained by injection of fragment A mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant, and fragment A was labeled with 125I using the Chloramin-T method. In 20 normal healthy donors its serum level was 3.57 +/- 1.62 microgram/ml (mean +/- SD), and it was increased significantly in certain diseases, such as acute leukemias, cardiovascular disorders, malignancies, renal failure, systemic lupus erythematosus and sepsis. | 148,116 | [
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Exercise testing for detection of myocardial ischemia in patients with abnormal electrocardiograms at rest. | This review consists of two parts: (1) discussion of the electrophysiologic mechanisms that are believed to produce ventricular repolarization changes during the electrocardiographic stress test, and (2) clinical assessment of the electrocardiographic changes with stress in patients with an abnormal electrocardiogram at rest. In the first part, the mechanisms of S-T segment elevation, S-T segment depression, T wave changes and linked S-T and T wave changes are reviewed. In the second part, all electrocardiographic abnormalities at rest are grouped into four categories: (1) changes that mask the manifestations of ischemia, (2) changes that stimulate or exaggerate the manifestations of ischemia, (3) changes that have no important effect on the manifestations of ischemia, and (4) changes that reproduce the patterns of acute myocardial infarction after an apparent healing. The reported studies of electrocardiographic stress testing in patients who have abnormal electrocardiogram at rest are summarized. | 148,209 | [
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Severe mitral regurgitation with a normal-sized left atrium. | The syndrome of severe mitral regurgitation with a normal-sized left atrium may or may not be associated with pulmonary hypertension and prominent left atrial V waves. To explain these pressure alterations by a single pressure-volume relationship is probably not adequate. It would appear that, whatever the clinical circumstances, normal pulmonary vascular pressures cannot exclude the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation. | 148,228 | [
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Menstrual patterns after laparoscopic sterilization using a spring-loaded clip. | Details of the menstrual cycles in 504 women were recorded before laparoscopic sterilization with a spring-loaded clip and at six months and one year after the procedure. The operation did not affect the length of the menstrual cycle or duration of menstrual flow, nor the patient's assessment of the amount of blood losss or the incidence of dysmenorrhoea. The previous method of contraception was significantly related to subsequent menstrual patterns. | 148,290 | [
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0.1735668,
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0.5831103,
0.1501468,
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Study of a kindred with partial deficiency of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase (2,3-DPGM) and compensated hemolysis. | A kindred with partial deficiency of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase (2,3-DPGM) was studied. The propositus presented with indirect hyperbilirubinemia, normal hemoglobin (15.8 g/dl), and elevated reticulocyte count (4.6%). The red cell 51Cr survival was decreased (tau1/2 16 days). Incubated osmotic fragility was normal; autohemolysis was increased and corrected with glucose and ATP. The P50 was 18.5 mm Hg (normal 25.5 +/- 3), but the stability, electrophoresis, and fingerprinting of hemoglobin were normal. The concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was reduced to 43% of normal. Red cell 2,3-DPGM was decreased to 59% of normal; 2,3-DPG phosphatase was similarly decreased. All red cell glycolytic and hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes, glycolytic intermediates other than 2,3-DPG, and glucose consumption and lactate production were normal. Five family members showed similar hematologic findings. The deficiency appears to be secondary to decreased enzyme synthesis and to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in this family. Partial deficiency of 2,3-DPGM should now be considered in the differential diagnosis of compensated hemolysis associated with increased oxygen affinity. | 148,301 | [
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Regional brain atrophy and reductions in glutamate release and uptake after intrastriatal kainic acid. | 1 Neurochemical changes and tissue weights were measured following intrastriatal injection of 2.5 microgram of kainic acid in 2 microliter of 0.9% w/v NaCl solution (saline) in the rat. 2 After kainic acid the striatum and neocortex on the injected side showed a progressive reduction in weight, the neocortex showing the greatest absolute weight loss and the striatum the greatest percentage change. 3 Large (80-90%) reduction in choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activities in the striatum occurred within 2-4 days of the injection and persisted at least 10 weeks. At 10 weeks CAT and GAD activities were unaltered in the neocortex. 4 The absolute content of dopamine in the striatum was not different from control 5 days after the injection of kainic acid but was reduced at 2 and 10 weeks. At 2 weeks the concentration (microgram/g wet weight) of dopamine also was reduced but at 10 weeks it was near normal due to atrophy of the striatum. 5 The high affinity glutamate uptake into a crude synaptosomal preparation of the striatum was reduced by 64% 5 days after kainic acid and still reduced by 67% at 10 weeks. 6 The efflux of glutamate from slices of the striatum in the presence of 52 mM K+ was reduced by approximately 75% 5 days and 15 weeks after kainic acid. 7 In vitro kainic acid (10(-4) M) neither altered the high affinity uptake of radiolabelled glutamate into a homogenate of the striatum, nor released endogenous glutamate from slices of striatum. | 148,306 | [
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Ultrastructural, cyto- and biochemical observations during turnover of plasma membrane in duck salt gland. | The mechanism of plasma membrane turnover was investigated using the duckling salt gland as a model system. Feeding fresh water to salt-stressed ducklings results in a decrease in the Na, K-ATPase in salt gland to non-stressed levels in about 7 days, as measured by ATP hydrolysis and 3H-ouabain binding. Electron micrographs reveal that this is accompanied by a decrease in plasma membrane infoldings on the basal and lateral borders of gland secretory cells. Simultaneously there is an increase in filamentous material and a rise in acid phosphatase and peptidase activities in these cells. Cytochemistry shows that the acid phosphatase activity is mostly associated with the basal or basolateral regions of secretory cells. These ovservations could indicate that the removal of plasma membrane components is accomplished by internalization and digestion within the secretory cells. | 148,323 | [
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Influence of endotoxin on myocardial calcium transport and the effect of augmented venous return. | The influence of endotoxin shock and of experimentally increased venous return during endotoxin shock on myocardial vesicular calcium uptake and calcium stimulated ATPase activity was investigated. Vesicular calcium uptake was depressed (p less than 0.01) from 0.9 mumoles/mg protein/min to 0.3 mumoles/mg/min after 5 hr of endotoxin shock. Control ATPase did not differ between endocardial surface and epicardial surface. This was accompanied by a depressed (p less than 0.01) ATPase activity from 1.2 mumoles Pi/mg/min at the endocardial surface, and to 0.9 mumoles Pi/mg/min at the epicardial surface. A femoral arteriovenous shunt was used to increase venous return by 313 +/- 71 ml/min (approximately 17 ml/kg) during the shock period. Vesicles from AV shunted animals after endotoxin were capable of normal calcium uptake and normal ATPase activity. Results suggest that myocardial depression during endotoxin shock is more severe on the endocardial surface and is caused by depressed vesicular calcium uptake secondary to depressed ATPase activity. Furthermore, this depression may be avoided by maintenance of an adequate venous return. | 148,334 | [
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Effects of macromolecular compounds on human leukocyte beta-galactosidase activity. | The enzyme properties of leukocyte beta-galactosidase and the effects of macromolecular compounds on its activity were studied in detail. It was demonstrated that various macromolecular compounds markedly influence the activity of beta-galactosidase. These phenomena should be taken into account when considering the biochemical abnormalities of tissues of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. | 148,337 | [
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Phase I studies on chlorozotocin. | A phase I investigation of chlorozotocin, a new-water soluble chloroethylnitrosourea, was undertaken to define its pharmacologic effects in man. Forty-three patients received single intravenous doses ranging from 5 to 175 mg/m2 every 6 wk. No signs of toxicity were observed at doses of under 120 mg/m2, but thrombocytopenia occurred at higher doses. The thrombocytopenic nadir appeared to be dose-dependent and occurred 4 wk after treatment. Platelet transfusions were required in 2 patients who had previously received intensive chemotherapy. No significant leukopenia occurred. A mild reversible and delayed elevation of hepatic transaminases was found in 25% of courses of 120 mg/m2 or more. No renal toxicity was observed and gastrointestinal toxicity was mild. Investigation of clinical pharmacology revealed a rapid triphasic plasma clearance with initial t1/2S of 3, 15, and 30 min. The concentration of N-nitroso intact drug at 1 hr was 10% of the initial peak level. Renal excretion accounted for half of the dose. No significant concentration of N-nitroso intact or radiolabeled drug was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of 2 patients in whom it was examined. There were objective signs of therapeutic activity in 5 patients, 3 of whom had melanoma. Based on these studies, the recommended dose for phase II investigation of chlorozotocin is 120 mg/m2 every 6 wk. | 148,344 | [
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Studies of the hemopoietic microenvironments: effects of acid mucopolysaccharides and dextran sulphate on erythroid and granuloid differentiation in vitro. | The effects of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) on in vitro erythrocytic and granulocytic colony formation of murine bone marrow cells have been studied. High concentrations of chondroitin sulphate A, B and C and heparitin sulphate partly or completely inhibited the response of CFU-E to erythropoietin stimulation whereas addition of heparin, hyalyronic acid and keratan sulphate II in concentrations up to 100 microgram/ml did not elicit an inhibition of erythrocytic colony formation. The granulocytic colony formation was not significantly affected by AMPS-addition under these circumstances. Low concentrations of chondroitin sulphate A and B evoked a stimulatory effect on the CFU-E number. The synthetic polyanion dextran sulphate did not affect the erythrocytic and granulocytic colony formation. It is concluded that AMPS can affect the in vitro erythrocytic proliferation and differentiation in concentrations which do not affect the granulocytic maturation. Since stromal cells, i.e. macrophages and reticular cells, in bone marrow in vivo have the ability to produce and remove AMPS in the extravascular matrix we postulate that stomal cells may be involved in the regulation of erythroid progenitor cell maturation. | 148,364 | [
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[Experience with the tupla-clip for tubal sterilization by laparoscopy (author's transl)]. | For the last 18 months a plastic clip made of polyoxymethylene was used for tubal sterilization by laparoscopy. The clip was used in 140 cases. This report reviews 106 cases. One pregnancy occurred early in this series. There were no other complications. The advantages of the method are the short operating time and the elimination of intra-abdominal damage by heat. Reversibility of the method has not yet been assessed. | 148,388 | [
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[The diagnostic value of kymography in aortic isthmus stenosis (author's transl)]. | The value of kymography was studied in 133 patients in whom a coarctation had been demonstrated angiographically, operatively or pathologically; its value was compared with conventional radiographic examinations. The difference in pulsation between the pib notching, dilatation of the ascending aorta and increased size of the left ventricle on plain films make it possible to diagnose an haemodynamically significant coarctation without any invasive methods. In 124 haemodynamically significant coarctations (93%), the kymogram showed increased pulsation of the dilated left subclavian artery. In nine haemodynamically insignificant or mild coarctations (7%), this sign was absent. Since the radiographic signs are to some extent reversible, it is possible to evaluate the results of surgery by plain chest films and the kymogram. | 148,398 | [
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[Neurophysiological activation and behavior during mental achievement. Comparative studies in healthy, minimally brain damage and mongoloid children]. | A comparison of normal, mildly brain-injuried and mongoloid children. For psychophysiological investigations in young or mentally disturbed children a new methodical approach was developped. In children with minor nervous dysfunction (aged 6--8;3 years) and mongoloid children (5;6--11 years) as well as in younger and older normal children (3;9--5;5 resp. 5;6--7;6 years) the changes of EEG basic rhythm, heart rate and behaviour during defined mental work were observed. Each group consisted of 18 children. The physiological data were analyzed by computer. The main results are summarized in the following points: 1) The request of mental activity with increasing task difficulty causes increasing neurophysiological and behavioural activation up to an optimal value at the highest degree of individual efficiency. 2) Overstrain leads to a deterioration of activation and consecutively to a loss of motivation, especially in the handicapped children. 3) Alpha waves of the EEG can be unterstood as an index of selective stimulus inhibition or "concentration". In the normal children the amount of alpha waves during mental work was very significantly higher than in both the groups of the handicapped children. 4) Further differences in EEG, heart rate and behaviour between the 4 groups support the understanding of the psychic features in Down's syndrome and in the syndrome of minor nervous dysfunction at a physiological level. | 148,423 | [
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Carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitive esterase) activity in the blood, gill and kidney of the thermally acclimated rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. | 1. Gill, kidney and blood levels of acetazolamide-sensitive esterase (carbonic anhydrase) activity were estimated at acclimation temperature and at a common temperature (25 degrees C) in rainbow trout acclimated to 2, 10 and 18 degrees C. Plasma levels of sodium, potassium and chloride were also examined for possible acclimatory variations. 2. Plasma sodium and chloride levels, and the sodium:chloride ratio were unaffected by thermal acclimation; potassium concentrations were significantly elevated at 18 degrees C. 3. Significant, but modest changes in renal and branchial carbonic anhydrase activity were observed under physiologically realistic incubation temperature conditions. Blood carbonic anhydrase activity was sharply elevated at higher acclimation temperatures. 4. The data are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that carbonic anhydrase in this relatively stenothermal freshwater salmonid, through its intimate association with the coupled HCO-3/CL- and H+ +NH+4/Na+ exchange systems may provide for relatively thermostable basal rates of sodium and chloride uptake from the medium and recovery from urine. The renal, and more notably the branchial (Na+/K+)-stimulated ATPase systems, and erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase may then serve primarily as high-temperature amplifiers of sodium and chloride recruitment respectively. | 148,485 | [
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Effect of 2-nicotinamidethyl nitrate (SG 75) on coronary circulation. | The effect of a new chemical agent, SG 75, on coronary blood flow of anesthetized dogs has been examined. Intravenous administrations of this agent in a dose of 10 microgram/Kg or over caused a significant increase in blood flow of non-constricted coronary artery. Percent increases in flow were 40 (10 microgram/Kg), 95 (50 microgram/Kg), 145 (100 microgram/Kg), and 195 (250 microgram/Kg). The increases were significantly larger than those caused by the same doses of diltiazem, verapamil, nitroglycerin, isosolbide dinitrate, and papaverine. The durations of the increase in flow were 12 (10 microgram/Kg), 23 (50 microgram/Kg), 28 (100 microgram/Kg), and 46 min (250 microgram/Kg), and they were longer than those caused by diltiazem and verapamil. A slight reduction in left ventricular tension and an increase in aortic blood flow were also observed following the administrations of SG 75 in a dose of over 50 microgram/Kg. A decrease in heart rate was produced with a dose of over 500 microgram/Kg. However, PQ interval of electrocardiogram became shorter. Intravenous administrations of SG 75 in doses of 50 and 150 microgram/Kg caused an increase in blood flow of the constricted coronary artery, while nitroglycerin (10 and 30 microgram/Kg) and nifedipine (1 and 3 microgram/Kg) reduced it. The results indicate that SG 75 is a potent and long-acting coronary vasodilating agent and it causes an increase in blood flow of constricted as well as non-constricted coronary artery. | 148,520 | [
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Stimulation of rat prolactin secretion by indolealkylamine hallucinogens. | The hallucinogenic indoleamine drugs N,N-dimethyltryptamine (N,N-DMT), psilocybin, bufotenin, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and N-methyltryptamine, increased rat plasma prolactin (PRL) levels. The increase in plasma PRL produced by N,N-DMT, psilocybin, and bufotenin was inhibited by methysergide, a serotonin receptor blocker. Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, significantly potentiated the increase in PRL produced by N,N-DMT, and psilocybin. Parachloroamphetamine, a relatively selective toxin for serotonin neurons, also stimulated the increase in PRL produced by N,N-DMT. These results suggest that the indole hallucinogens stimulate PRL secretion by a serotonergic agonist mechanism. Bufotenin has been reported to pass the blood-brain barrier poorly, but of the indoles studied it had the most potent effect on PRL secretion. This raises the possibility that the serotonin receptors which promote PRL secretion may be outside the blood-brain barrier or that the central 5-HT receptors which mediate PRL secretion may be especially responsive to bufotenin. | 148,665 | [
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[Fatigue fractures: apropos of 8 cases]. | Eight cases of fatigue fracture were observed by the authors. In two patients, they presented in metatarsal bones; others were in the lower end of the tibia, in the shaft of the fibula, in the patella, at the upper end of the fibula, in the shaft to the tibia and in the neck of the femur. The main features of these fractues, which occurred in previously intact bones, are reviewed. The role of previous muscle imbalance, or metabolic disturbance, (by age or in pregnancy) is discussed. Good results were obtained by simple immobilization. Surgery may be indicated in the two situations: 1. To eliminate the possibility of a bone tumour by biopsy and, 2. For internal fixation in special sites such as the femoral neck to avoid coxa vara or when healing is very slow, as occurs particularly in the femoral shaft. | 148,704 | [
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Identification of soluble fibrinogen fibrin monomer complexes by non-enzymatic polymerisation in the tissue. | In states of plasmic hypercoagulability and consumption coagulopathy ethanol favours the non-enzymatic polymerization of circulating soluble fibrinogen fibrin monomer complexes (FFMC) in vitro. The ethanol-gelation test of Godal and Abildgaard makes use of this phenomenon, called paracoagulation. The present studies show that it is also possible to visualize soluble FFMC by means of ethanol-gelation. In the electron microscope, FFMC, polymerized non-enzymatically by ethanol in the spleen, are characterized by plump or slender mycelioid fibrillar precipitates that show a uniform rhythmic transverse striation, a period-coincidental filamentary arrangement and an average periodicity of 23 nm. The ultrastructure demonstrates these ethanol-induced filaments to be in vitro-polymerized fibrin monomer derivatives. Paracoagulation with ethanol allows the identification of soluble FFMC in the tissue prior to the formation of highly polymerized fibrin-rich microthrombi, the established equivalents of the DIC-syndrome. The electron microscope studies also show the existence of a second type of fibrillary structure in the tissue polymerized by ethanol. This second type lacks the characteristic periodicity of fibrin and the period-coincidental arrangement of the filamentary structures, but is characterized by closely packed or chain-like aligned, irregularly sized spherical bodies. There is some evidence that these spherical bodies in vitro represent non-enzymatically polymerized complexes of fibrin monomers and fibrin degradation products (FDP), the equivalent of a limited local or generalized fibrinolysis in vivo. | 148,778 | [
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Significance of a terminal R wave in lead V1 of the electrocardiogram. | A terminal r wave in Lead V1 lower than 0.6 mV. was studied in the ECGs of four groups: (1) 104 healthy children, (2) 207 healthy young adults, (3) 171 patients with no autopsy evidence of a cardiopulmonary disease, and (4) 1,078 autopsy patients with a cardiopulmonary disease. Cases with a complete right bundle branch block were excluded. A terminal r wave occurred in 2.9 per cent healthy children, 1.4 per cent of healthy young adults, 0.6 per cent of patients without and in 5.9 per cent of patients with autopsy evidence of a cardiopulmonary disease. The occurrence of a terminal r wave was most common in pulmonary patients (10 per cent). But it was also found in patients with an anterior or a posterior myocardial infarction and in some cases of left ventricular hypertrophy. In the autopsy series RVH occurred in 57 per cent of patients with a Qr pattern, in 30 per cent of patients with a terminal r wave higher than the initial one, and in none of the patients with a terminal r wave lower than the initial one. It is concluded that the height of the terminal r wave has clinical significance. A terminal r wave higher than the initial one in Lead V1 is associated with a cardiopulmonary disease in subjects over 30 years of age, while an r wave lower than the initial one seems to be an innocent finding. | 148,838 | [
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Hereditary atrial septal defect. Update of a large kindred. | A large pedigree wherein members are predisposed to atrial septal defect (ASD) and associated cardiovascular anomalies has been studied. There were ten direct line relatives with ASD verified by cardiac catheterization and/or surgery and in one case by reliable medical history. The pedigree shows vertical transmission of ASD through four generations. Estimates of the genetic segregation ratio were near 50%, indicating that predisposition to ASD among family members was due to a deleterious autosomal dominant gene. Family members have also manifested other congenital heart anomalies, consistent with pleiotropic effects of the putative gene. Electrocardiograms in six ASD patients revealed an absence of prolonged P-R interval. In the light of prior studies showing prolonged P-R interval in familial ASD, we suggest the existence of at least two distinct hereditary varieties of ASD, one with and one without a prolonged P-R interval. | 148,839 | [
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Pulmonary vascular changes in scleroderma. | To determine the incidence and significance of pulmonary vascular changes in scleroderma, all necropsy reports of patients with scleroderma who died at the Massachusetts General Hospital were analyzed and correlated with clinical data. The records of 30 such patients were available. Fourteen had moderate or marked abnormalities in the pulmonary arterial tree. Nine of these 14 patients had predominantly respiratory symptoms. The arterial changes consisted pathologically of intimal and medial hyperplasia affecting pulmonary arteries of all sizes. Of the eight patients with the most severe pathologic changes in the pulmonary arteries, five had slight or no interstitial fibrosis. Three of these five patients had rapidly progressive respiratory failure and severe pulmonary hypertension leading to death. Such cases form a distinct clinicopathologic entity of malignant pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma, comparable to the better recognized entity of malignant renal hypertension in scleroderma. | 148,843 | [
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On data and methods in investigations on parental-age effects. Comments on a paper by J. D. Erickson. | An analysis of the NIS data used by Erickson (1977) has revealed that this data contains too few Down's syndrome cases with older fathers. Thus the data is less suited for an investigation of a possible paternal age effect. In addition, the statistical tests used by Erickson have low power, so that they are unable to detect a moderate paternal-age effect. Our analysis has demonstrated that discussions on paternal-age effects and similar problems should be based on high-quality data. The investigation is better based on a small high-quality material than on a large one with serious underascertainment. In the latter case one has to be extremely careful because the missing observations nearly always have common characteristics which may cause serious bias of relevant kinds. | 148,867 | [
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[The dependence of the effects of calcium ions on enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids on the physical state of the substrate]. | The role of calcium ions in the phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipase D was studied. It was shown that the enzyme does not split egg lecithine in the absence of Ca2+. In the presence of Ca2+ the reaction occurs via different routes, depending on the type of initiation of the reaction. The optimal concentrations of Ca2+ necessary for activation of phospholipase D are different in the systems activated by various treatments (organic solvents, detergents and solid adsorbents). Optimal concentrations of Ca2+ for the hydrolysis and methanolysis catalyzed by phospholipase D are also different. It was found that the need for Ca2+ and their optimal concentrations are determined by the state of phospholipids at the substrate phase. The data suggest that the enzymatic hydrolysis may occur in the absence of Ca2+. Thus, Ca2+-induced activation is merely an alternative pathway of catalytically active conformation of lypolytic enzymes. | 148,917 | [
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[Isolation and properties of CF1 ATPase chloroplasts with changed submolecular structure]. | An isolation procedure is worked out and properties are studied of CF1 ATPase from chloroplasts with changed submolecular structure. The enzyme, isolated by chlorophorm treatment, produced Ca-dependent ATPase activity in water solution. As compared with the enzyme isolated by well known Lien and Racker method, the enzyme preparation obtained is slightly activated by heating, is not activated by trypsin and has a lesser ability to recover ATP synthesis in EDTA-treated chloroplasts. Purification on DEAE-Sephadex produced the enzyme preparation free of delta-subunit. Chlorophorm treatment is suggested to change submolecular protein structure, in particular, loosening of the link of delta-subunit with other enzyme subunits. The data obtained suggest that delta-subunit participates in the binding of CF1 ATPase with chloroplast membrane. | 148,926 | [
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[Reticular activation by splanchnic afferents: its influence on visual projections at the level of the cerebral cortex in cats]. | In an previous work, we have shown a strong increase of visual evoked potentials of the medial lateral gyrus by splanchnic stimulation. This present study demonstrates that this effect is due to the activation of the substantia reticularis. Actually, we observed: 1) an increase of the reticular visual potential by splanchnic stimulus in convergent zone; 2) an increase of the visual evoked potential in the primary cortical area by stimulation of this reticular formation. These results show the existence of a functional pathway including the splanchnic nerve, the reticular formation and the visual cortex. | 148,947 | [
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[Histochemical study of the subcommissural organ in chickens during development]. | Some histochemical and particularly histoenzymological tests are performed on the subcommissural organ of chick embryos. A secretory activity appears about the 7th day. In 10 days old embryos and new hatched chicken the enzyme activities are of rather low intensity. Compared with the 10 days embryos, the newborn show some increase, but compared with the adult birds the activities remain weak. However the acid phosphatase activity is higher in the subcommissural organ than in the ependyma even in 10 days embryos. | 148,962 | [
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[Influence of horizontal immersion on urinary excretion of catecholamines]. | Normal man submitted to thermoneutral water immersion in horizontal position presents an increase in diuresis, natriuresis and creatininuria. Noradrenalinuria and adrenalinuria are reduced, indicating a decrease in orthosympathetic activity. | 148,963 | [
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Effect of actinomycin D and neoarsphenamine on tumor control and skin tolerance in the rat. | Actinomycin D and neoarsphenamine were tested for their ability to produce therapeutically favorable radiosensitization in the WAG/Rij rat. Acute and late skin reactions and control of the BA1112 rhabdomyosarcoma were examined in drug-treated and untreated animals irradiated in single- and five-fraction schedules. Actinomycin D was found to protect skin and tumors when added 15 minutes before irradiation. Actinomycin D added 2 hours before irradiation in a five-fraction trial produced slight tumor sensitization accompanied by slight skin protection. Neoarsphenamine produced significant tumor sensitization without skin sensitization in one of the single-fraction trials, but had no effect in the five-fraction trials. | 148,967 | [
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Regulation of the mixed leukocyte culture reaction by suppressor cells. | Regulation of the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) reaction by suppressor cells raised and tested in MLC has been evaluated. The experiments described suggest that suppressors are distinct from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), both in terms of conditions optimal for their activation, as well as through demonstration of efficient suppression in the total absence of cytotoxic activity. Suppressor cells inhibit the activation of the precursors of CTL, and may also prevent the production of the lymphokine blastogenic factor; they do not appear to interfere with the reaction of primed cells. It is suggested that suppressor cells may regulate the MLC reaction by preventing recruitment of fresh competent cells, and by limiting the duration of the reaction of cells already activated. | 149,009 | [
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[Two cases of infantile cortical hyperostosis (monostotic form) (author's transl)]. | Two cases of infantile cortical hyperostosis, both of the monostotic form, are described. In the first patient the right clavicle was involved; the disease may have been present from birth, but resulted in the infant's admission at the age of six weeks. The second patient was a 7-month old infant who developed the disease after an upper respiratory tract infection. There were only minor changes in the left clavicle. Both cases regressed almost completely within six months. The discussion deals with the largely unsolved problems concerning infantile cortical hyperostosis. | 149,059 | [
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[Specific oesophagitis (author's transl)]. | Tuberculous oesophagitis is a very rare finding; of all organs, involvement of the oesophagus is the least likely. Autopsies on tuberculous patients show an incidence of 0.14%. According to Wexels, only 125 cases have been described in the world literature up to 1954. In general, tuberculous oesophagitis can be included in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia only if this symptom is associated with tuberculosis of an organ, or miliary tuberculosis. | 149,065 | [
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[Radiologic visualization of the normal duodenal minor papilla (author's transl)]. | The anatomical knowledge that the normal duodenal minor papilla is a rather flat protrusion situated on the anterior wall of the descending duodenum, means that double contrast hypotonic duodenography in the Prone position is the method of choice to visualize it. By using this technique the normal duodenal minor papilla can most frequently be demonstrated. | 149,067 | [
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Cell-mediated immunity in measles using the leucocyte migration test. | The cell-mediated immune response was investigated in 21 children with acute measles and in 8 healthy children using the intradermal Heaf and leucocyte migration tests. Tuberculin and purified protein derivative were used as antigens. Whereas all the children with measles were anergic in the in vivo test, two groups of children, i.e. 'reactors' and 'non-reactors' could be delinerated with the in vitro test. The mechanisms responsible for the anergy are discussed. | 149,090 | [
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Carbodiimide-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli: suppression of resistance to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide by growth on glucose or glycerol. | We have previously reported on the isolation of a mutant strain of Escherichia coli, RF-7, that has a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)-resistant, membrane-associated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity (R. H. Fillingame, J. Bacteriol. 124:870--883, 1975). We report here that the DCCD resistance of the ATPase of this mutant varies significantly, depending upon the carbon source used for growth. When strain RF-7 was grown aerobically on either glycerol or glucose or anaerobically on glucose rather than on a combination of succinate, acetate, and malate, ATPase activity was more sensitive to inhibition by DCCD because the carbodiimide-reactive proteolipid reacted more readily with DCCD. | 149,107 | [
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Does cycloheximide-induced loss of phosphate uptake activity in Neurospora crassa reflect rapid turnover? | Addition of cycloheximide to Neurospora crassa germlings growing in liquid medium caused an exponential loss of phosphate uptake activity (half-life, ca. 2 h). No loss of activity resulted when germlings were resuspended, at the time of cycloheximide addition, in medium of a substantially lower phosphate concentration. It is concluded that the phosphate uptake systems are not subject to rapid turnover. | 149,111 | [
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Effects of tryptic digestion on the enzymatic activites of chicken gizzard myosin. | Tryptic digestion of gizzard myosin resulted in the degradation of the 20K light chain (G1) to its 17K fragment, which could not be phosphorylated. The rapid loss of Ca2+-dependent activation of actomyosin ATPase activity accompanied the degradation of G1. Increase in the Ca2+-ATPase activity and decrease in the EDTA-ATPase activity of myosin accompanied the degradation of myosin heavy chain, but not the cleavage of G1. | 149,123 | [
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Myosin-like protein and actin-like protein from Escherichia coli K12 C600. | Myosin-like protein was obtained from E. coli by extraction with a sucrose solution and by precipitation with rabbit skeletal actin. The preparation of E. coli myosin-like protein looked very similar, in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoretic pattern, to that of rabbit skeletal myosin. The myosin-like protein was able to reversibly bind to rabbit actin. It had the activities of EDTA-, Ca-, and Mg-ATPases. The product in the EDTA-ATPase reaction catalyzed by the myosin-like protein was identified as ADP by ion exchange chromatography. The Mg-ATPase activity of E. coli myosin-like protein was activated by either rabbit actin or E. coli actin-like protein though the activation was much stronger by the latter. However, the myosin-like protein did not exhibit superprecipitation either with rabbit actin or with E. coli actin-like protein. Actin-like protein was also obtained from E. coli by essentially the same procedures as those described for preparation of rabbit skeletal actin. E. coli actin-like protein was capable of activating Mg-ATPase of rabbit myosin, and also of superprecipitation with rabbit myosin. Extraction from both the whole cells and the membrane fraction of E. coli strongly suggested that the myosin-like protein and the actin-like protein are both localized in the membrane fraction rather than in the cytoplasmic fraction. | 149,124 | [
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Purification of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activator from human erythrocytes. Its membership in the class of Ca2+-binding modulator proteins. | The activator of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase of erythrocyte membranes was purified 13,000-fold to homogeneity from human erythrocytes. The protein gave a single band upon electrophoresis both with and without detergent, and upon isoelectric focusing. This protein was compared with Ca2+-binding modulator proteins from bovine brain and rat testis. All three proteins were homogeneous and co-migrated on electrophoresis both in the presence of detergent and without detergent at pH values on both sides of the isoelectric point of the protein. The amino acid compositions of the three proteins were nearly indistinguishable, and all three proteins contained 1 residue of the unusual amino acid, trimethyllysine. All three were also indistinguishable as measured by their ability to further stimulate the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase of human erythrocyte membranes. Thus, we conclude that they represent functionally the same protein. Upon storage of all three proteins, a second band was detectable by detergent gel electrophoresis; the biochemical activity and the behavior on nondetergent gels were not changed. The presence of this second band is probably responsible for previous reports of differences between the rat testis and bovine brain modulator protein. The possibility is discussed that this protein is a general intracellular Ca2+ receptor, which mediates the activities of Ca2+ as an intracellular messenger. | 149,133 | [
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Characterization of a second myosin from Acanthamoeba castellanii. | We purified a 400,000 molecular weight myosin, myosin-II, from Acanthamoeba castellanii. The sequence of ion exchange chromatography, actomyosin precipitation, actin extraction, and gel permeation chromatography yields per 100 g of cells about 11 mg of myosin-II which is 90 to 96% pure. ATPase activity is highest in the presence of Ca2+, but the enzyme is also active in EDTA provided high concentrations of K+ are present. The molecule consists of two 175,000 molecular weight heavy chains, one or two 17,500 molecular weight light chains, and two 16,500 molecular weight light chains. Myosin-II is rich in acidic residues and contains about 32 residues of cysteine/mol. The sedimentation coefficient is 5.9 S. Intrinsic viscosity is 126 cc/g. By equilibrium ultracentrifugation, the molecular weight averages depended upon the initial loading concentration in a way that suggested a 400,000 molecular weight species is in equilibrium with a 200,000 molecular weight species. By electron microscopy the molecule was seen to have two globular heads at one end of a tail 90 nm long. In KCl solutions of less than 0.25 M, the myosin-II tails self-associate to form the backbone of very small (6.6 x 205 nm) bipolar filaments with central bare zones 97 nm long. Myosin-II binds to actin filaments, forming periodic arrowhead-shaped complexes, but its Mg2+ ATPase activity is activated only 50% or less by actin. When radioactive myosin-II is incubated up to 90 min in unlabeled Acanthamoeba homogenates, it is not degraded into smaller fragments, such as the 190,000 molecular weight myosin-I. Our observations and the detailed enzymatic data presented by Maruta and Korn ((1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6501-6509) argue that the smaller Acanthamoeba myosin-I (Pollard, T. D., and Korn, E. D. (1973) J. Biol. Chem, 248, 4682-2690) does not arise by fragmentation of myosin-II in the homogenate or extract. | 149,136 | [
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Teaching self-hypnosis to patients with chronic pain. | For the past twenty years hypnotherapy and self-hypnosis have been utilized as valid tools for the successful management of severe protracted pain. Control often has been achieved in cases where other modalities of pain management had been inadequate. Hypnosis properly applied can bring some degree of improvement to 90 percent of patients. More remarkable degree of pain relief is achievable in the 25 percent of patients who have high hypnotic "talent," and with very limited expenditure of time and effort. The author discusses basic theories of pain, pain-control pain-control and hypnosis, and he clarifies the effects of physiological, biochemical, and psychological variables which can affect the procedures and the results. Presentation of a clinical case with quoted excerpts of verbalization serves to illustrate the most important points. | 149,170 | [
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Observations on the infectivity of parasitic third-stage larvae of Uncinaria lucasi Stiles 1901 (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) of Northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus Linn., on St. Paul Island, Alaska. | Twelve fur seal pups, which had not nursed their mothers, were used in an infectivity experiment. Pups were exposed to parasitic 3rd-stage larvae of Uncinaria lucasi from belly tissues of fur seal bulls, bachelors, and pregnant cows, to determine maturation capability of the larvae. Hookworms were not recovered from the intestines of 3 pups receiving larvae from belly blubber of bulls, 6 pups receiving larvae from belly blubber of bachelors, and 1 nonexposed pup. Maturation of hookworms did occur in 2 pups exposed to larvae from a mixture of belly blubber, mammary tissue, and milk of pregnant cows. Parasitic 3rd-stage hookworm larvae from belly tissues of pregnant and "non-pregnant" fur seal cows averaged 938.1 and 802.1 micron long, and 34.1 and 31.5 micron wide, respectively; however, larvae from belly tissues of a fur seal bull, bachelors, 2-year-old males, male and female yearlings and pups, and Steller Sea Lion subadults averaged 640.5-732.0 micron long and 20.9-24.9 micron wide. | 149,188 | [
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0.108332,
0.1769635,
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... |
The influence of etiology on the surgical management and prognosis of the massively dilated ureter in children. | The massively dilated ureter is a major therapeutic challenge that faces the pediatric urologist. In those instances when more conservative measures, such as control of infection or correction of the primary pathology, have failed or are likely to fail surgical treatment must be directed to the massively dilated ureter itself. The goals of reconstructive procedures are the elimination of residual urine, effective ureteral peristalsis, and efficient and/or urgent urinary drainage. We encountered these clinical settings in 244 children with 366 massively dilated ureters from 1965 through 1974. The underlying pathologic processes included primary megaureter, refluxing megaureter, posterior urethral valves, ureteral duplication with upper role ectopic ureterocele or lower pole refluxing megaureter, simple ureterocele, ureterovesical junction obstruction, neurogenic vesical dysfunction, prune belly syndrome and acquired (iatrogenic) megaureter. The results of several reconstructive techniques are reviewed according to the excretory urogram, cystogram, renal function studies and the presence or absence of urinary infection. Analysis of the results with respect to the underlying pathologic entity responsible for the massively dilated ureter indicates that the etiology is a crucial factor in determining whether surgical treatment should be recommended and the type of surgical treatment that will most likely be successful. | 149,204 | [
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Evaluation of a mental health educational project in Burma. | In attempting to evaluate a brief course on care of the mentally ill given to health personnel in Burma, experience suggested: (a) that post-course questionnaires asking participants to rate usefulness of the educational experience are useless in evaluation; (b) Assessments of clinical knowledge before and after the course were useful in guiding the teachers and assessing improvement in knowledge; (c) Data on treatment prescriptions given to patients by health personnel before and after the course might be a simple and inexpensive way of assessing impact on health care. Direct measurement of changes in attitudes and improvement of skills in health personnel and of the clinical outcome of patients they treat cannot be done economically and efficiently. | 149,225 | [
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Soft tissue xeroradiography. | Xeroradiography of soft tissue lesions, both malignant and benign, has been performed on 121 patients, 79 of whom having also undergone conventional film radiography. In 72 cases (59%), the diagnosis was proved by surgery and histological examination. Xeroradiography was found to be more effective in representing soft tissues than film radiography in 63 cases (80%) and equally effective in 16 cases (20%). Film radiography has never given a better representation of soft structures. The main xeroradiographic aspects of soft tissue lesions are reviewed. A diagnosis of the nature of the lesions on the basis of the extraosseous xeroradiographic picture is deemed possible only for lipomas. In the remaining cases, xeroradiography may offer useful information as regards size, shape and anatomic relationships of lesions but does not allow univocal diagnosis of their nature. Advantages and drawbacks of this technique are discussed, with emphasis on radiation dosage. It is assumed that xeroradiography may prove to be a helpful second-line examination in patients with soft tissue masses or swelling. It may also offer a simple method for follow-up in tumors of soft tissues having undergone conservative treatment. | 149,335 | [
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Effect of in vivo exposure to allogeneic cells upon subsequent in vitro T cell responses and upon allograft rejection. | The effect of intravenous injection of 10(6) BALB/c spleen cells into C57B1/6J recipients was assayed by both mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) of recipient lymphocytes, and by grafting donor (BALB/c) thyroids into recipient mice. It was observed that a single intravenous injection produced depression of proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses in MLC of spleen, lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocytes of the recipients. This effect was specific for the sensitizing genotype (MLC of recipient and third-party CBA/H lymphocytes was unaffected), and persisted for several days after sensitization. The pattern of this diminished response suggested that the effect was due to a combination of recruitment of reactive lymphocytes from peripheral lymphoid populations, and the generation of alloantigen (H-2?)-specific suppressor T cells in the spleen. In contrast to these findings in vitro, a similar sensitization led only to accelerated rejection of thyroid allografts in vivo. | 149,361 | [
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Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta associated with aortopulmonary window. | A rare case of anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta associated with an aortopulmonary window and severe pulmonary hypertension in a 13-year-old girl is reported. The window was closed using a Dacron patch and the continuity between the anomalous vessel and the main pulmonary artery was restored with a tubular Dacron graft. After operation the pulmonary pressure dropped to about one-half of the systemic pressure, and equal perfusion and ventilation of both lungs was demonstrated. Although early recognition and surgical treatment of this condition are mandatory to prevent the onset of irreversible pulmonary vascular disease, the presence of severe pulmonary hypertension did not contraindicate surgical correction in our patient. | 149,391 | [
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Long-term ureteral replacement prosthesis. | A silicone rubber tube with bonded Dacron felt cuffs have been implanted in dogs as a ureteral replacement prosthesis. A one-way valve has also been developed to prevent reflux so the prosthesis may be put into the bladder. The prosthesis has been implanted for periods up to nine months. Although there are some problems associated with the prosthesis, most animals have maintained a normal serum creatinine, sterile urine, and a normal excretory urogram. | 149,409 | [
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0.0831495... |
Cytomegalic adrenal hypoplasia with pituitary cytomegaly. | A case of cytomegalic congenital adrenal hypoplasia (C.C.A.H.) is reported with similar cytomegalic changes in the hypophysis. In this case the pituitary gland was small as were the thyroid and testes. The various groups of patients with C.A.H. are presented. Associated pituitary cytomegaly does not appear to have been previously described, and this association between the adrenal and pituitary changes is discussed. It is suggested that the adrenal cytomegaly is the result of overstimulation by the pituitary and the similar change in the latter may be the result of overstimulation of a hypoplastic organ. | 149,412 | [
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[Endoscopic studies in determining the stage of lung cancer]. | An associated simultaneous mediastino- and laparoscopy allows the detection of lung cancer metastases in lymph nodes of the anterior mediastinum and liver and thereby the precise determination of the tumor process stage. The procedure is tolerated by patients well. 100 examinations showed metastases in mediastinal lymph nodes in 27 cases, in the liver- in 7. No complications were noted. Metastases were most frequently found in patients with undifferentiated lung cancer. Hepatic scanning by means of radioactive gold was performed in 30 patients. Laparoscopic data correlated well with scannographic findings. | 149,431 | [
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[Investigation of crystalline structures in fats of animals by x-ray scattering (author's transl)]. | Fat-praeparates of cow and pork have been investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering methods. Dependent on the temperature these fats show distinct X-ray interference patterns in the small-angle region. Hence complete phasediagrams of the fats in the temperature region between -20 degrees C and 55 degrees C could be estimated. Using the intensity distribution of the X-ray scattering the electron-density distribution along one direction of the ground-cells of the fat crystals were calculated. | 149,450 | [
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Adverse reactions with methyldopa--a decade's reports. | During 1966-75 the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee received some 300 reports of reactions to methyldopa. As the Swedish rules for reporting adverse reactions emphasize the importance of severe and unexpected reactions, the relative incidence of various adverse effects differs greatly from what would be found in an intensive study. The three most commonly reported reactions are fever, hemolysis and hepatic effects. Two-thirds of these patients were women. The median age of the groups differed, from 57 years (hepatic effects) to 69 years (hemolysis). The clinical picture of the different reactions was consistent, in the main, with what has been described previously. Between 70 and 85% of the patients in these groups were admitted to hospital because of the adverse reaction. | 149,490 | [
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ECG aberrations, latent coronary heart disease and cardiopulmonary fitness in various age groups of Norwegian cross-country skiers. | To assess the prevalence of possible, latent coronary heart disease (CHD) among physically active men, 149 elite cross-country skiers in three age groups (26-33, 43-50 and 58-64 years) were invited for an examination which included clinical examination, Vitalogram, resting ECG, and a near maximal bicycle test. Of the invited men, 122 participated, i.e. 81.8%. The following findings were made: Normal clinical findings in all except 2, low resting heart rate, lung function parameters of about normal mean; voltage signs of left ventricular hypertrophy in resting ECG in 61/122, incomplete right bundle branch block in 14/122, codable Q waves (Minnesota Code, MC) in 5/87 from the highest age groups, ischaemic exercise ECG changes of MC 4.1 or 4.2 types in 11/87 vs. 1/35 in the two oldest vs. the youngest age group. Physical performance was very high in all age groups, but regular training did not seem to inhibit the normal age-dependent decline in physical performance. The resting and exercise ECG data in the two oldest age groups did not differ favourably from similar data obtained in sedentary men of the same age from approximately the same geophraphic area. Thus, it is possible that regular strenuous exercise and training may not protect against the development of CHD. The implications of such a view are briefly discussed. | 149,491 | [
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Psychological adjustment to physical disability: trends in theories. | Explanations of psychological reactions to physical disability have recently tended to ascribe maladjustment to environmental rather than to personal causes. Historically, common-sense theories were first replaced by metalistic doctrines. These, in turn, were later supplemented by theories that integrated mentalism with environmentalism and by approaches that recognized only environmental causes of behavior. Each theory makes a unique contribution to rehabilitation. Consequently, unification rather than elimination should be the goal of future theoretical development. | 149,525 | [
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[Effect of blockers of serotonin and noradrenaline synthesis on learning with emotionally different reinforcement in rats]. | The effect of inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine synthesis in the brain on learning was investigated in rats with emotionally different reinforcement. Parachlorphenylalanine (320 mg/kg) was shown to inhibit learning with food reinforcement, but facilitated learning with pain reinforcement. Disulfiram (100 mg/kg) inhibited learning with pain reinforcement considerably, but failed to influence learning with food reinforcement. Alpha-methyl-m-thyrosine inhibited both forms of learning. These new facts are in line with our previous data on mediating role of the brain monoaminergic systems between emotions and memory. | 149,574 | [
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Blockage of depolarization-induced mitogenesis in CNS neurons by 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. | Experiments designed to provide further evidence, at the basic metabolic level, that true mitogenesis and mitotic activity are being induced in CNS neurons in response to sustained ionic depolarization were conducted. The ability of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR), a well-studied inhibitor of normal mitogenesis in naturally proliferating cells, to block induction of DNA synthesis (and subsequent nuclear division) in culture-matured neurons depolarized with ouabain was ascertained, as well as the ability of exogenously supplied thymidine to permit effective bypass of such blockage. Observations of the sequence of intracellular morphological changes induced by ouabain were also made, along with a determination of the alterations in this sequence introduced by FUdR. The results indicate that ouabain mediated depolarization rapidly induces and/or activates the key mitogenic enzyme thymidylate synthetase in the mitotically quiescent neurons, along with all other mitogenesis-specific enzymes required for DNA synthesis and nuclear division. A probable mechanism by which such mitogenic induction may proceed is elaborated. The early morphological changes observed correlate well with the early time-sequence of mitogenic metabolic events, while development of the later changes appears to be dependent upon the progress of mitogenesis activity. The results support the possibility that CNS neurons of adult origin may also be induced to initiate normal mitogenesis by appropriately imposed depolarization treatments. | 149,581 | [
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Alteration of nucleolar dispersion in prophase by 5-FUdR treatment. | The action of 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) used as an inhibitor of RNA synthesis on the nucleolar evolution during mitosis, has been studied in meristematic cells. Under FUdR treatment the nucleolar dispersion appears as a continuous process, but generally it is not completed and nucleolar remnants remain throughout the whole mitosis. The nucleolar material which was dispersed is transported by the mitotic chromosomes, and in telophase contributed to the formation of the new nucleolus. The non-dispersed part persisted in the cytoplasm during telophase, coexisting with both the prenucleolar bodies and the new nucleolus which was being formed. Our results suggest the necessity of some kind of RNA synthesis, preferentially blocked by FUdR, for nucleolar dispersion to take place. | 149,595 | [
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Ultrastructural deformation of collagen. | Ultrastructure deformation studies of reconstituted and native rat tail tendon collagen revealed that deformation occurs primarily in the non-staining and presumably non-polar proline rich regions for all ages examined. At low deformation (tension and compression) the deformation occurs somewhat more between the a2 and b1 and b2 and c2 bands than within the rest of the d period. At moderate elongations (greater than 40%), the deformation becomes localized between the c2 and d bands, with subfibrils on the order of 3-15 nm being drawn across the openings between the c2 and d bands. At high elongations (100% or greater) d period splitting occur on a regular basis between the c2 and d bands, along with a retraction of the 64 nm repeat period into 60 nm segments. It is in this deformation region that the effects of molecular slip and the apparent association of the acid mucopolysaccharides can be noted. These results suggest that crosslinking, if increasing as a function of age, does not affect the deformation characteristics of the individual fibrils and that changes with age in mechanical properties should be sought in changes in the fibril size and their interaction with the surrounding matrix. | 149,647 | [
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On the kinetics of the reaction between human antiplasmin and a low-molecular-weight form of plasmin. | The reaction between antiplasmin (A) and a low-molecular-weight form of plasmin (P) proceeds in at least two steps: a fast reversible second-order reaction followed by a slower irreversible first-order transition, and may be represented by: P +A k1 in equilibrium k-1 PA k2 leads to PA'. The low-Mr plasmin, which is obtained by limited elastase digestion, is composed of an intact B chain and a small A chain lacking the lysine-binding sites. The k1 of the reaction is (6.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(5) M-1 s-1 which is 30--60 times smaller than that for normal plasmin and antiplasmin. The dissociation constant of the first step is 1.9 x 10(-9) M which is 10 times higher than for normal plasmin and antiplasmin. The rate constant of the second step is (4.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(-3) s-1 for both normal and low-Mr plasmin. Low Mr plasmin which has substrate bound to its active site does not react or reacts only very slowly with antiplasmin. The reaction rate, however, is only slightly influenced by 6-aminohexanoic acid in concentrations up to 1 mM which decrease the reaction rate of normal plasmin approximately 50-fold. The findings further indicate that the lysine-binding site(s) of plasmin are of great importance for the rate of its reaction with antiplasmin. | 149,657 | [
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Silver stain reveals nucleolus organizer regions on a satellited Yq chromosome. | Chromosomes from a patient with a satellited Yq were stained with a silver procedure that differentially stains nucleolus organizer regions. The Yqs stained heavily in all cells examined, indicating the presence of ribosomal cistrons at this region. The Yqs also entered into satellite associations with the D and G group chromosomes at a frequency greater than would be expected through chance. | 149,754 | [
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Replication of chromosomal DNA in cultured abnormal human cells. | The replication of chromosomal DNA in a series of abnormal human cell cultures has been studied by means of DNA-fiber autoradiography. In lymphocytes with trisomy 21, in fibroblasts of 45,X;47,XXX;49,XXXXY; and 49,XXXXX chromosomal constitution, and in fibroblasts from a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome), the rate of DNA replication does not differ from that in normal cells, varying in a single fork from 0.2 to 1.0 micrometer/min with a mean of about 0.6 micrometer/min. In fibroblasts with trisomy 7 the rate of DNA replication is greater, varying from 0.3 to 1.2 micrometer/min with a mean of about 0.8 micrometer/min. The sizes of replication units in all cells examined are from 80 to 500 micrometer with a mean of about 200-300 micrometer. | 149,757 | [
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Cardiac hypertrophy in response to dynamic conditioning in female athletes. | Ten female field hockey players were studied to determine if prolonged dynamic conditioning results in an increased left ventricular internal dimension at end diastole (LVIDD) and if this increase correlates with maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). At peak season, echocardiograms were obtained and VO2max determined during maximal treadmill exercise. VO2max, LVIDD index (LVIDD/body surface area (BSA)), and ventricular septal and posterior wall thickness were compared to agematched nonathletic women. Mean LVIDD index was significantly greater in athletes than in controls: 29.3 +/- 0.9 mm/m2 vs. 26.3 +/- 0.6, P less than 0.005. Echocardiographic wall measurements did not differ significantly in the two groups. Mean VO2max for the athletes was significantly greater than controls: 51.7 +/- 4.0 ml O2.kg-1.min-1 vs. 41.2 +/- 2.1, P less than 0.001. VO2max correlated significantly with LVIDD index; r = 0.92, P less than 0.001. Female athletes show an increased LVIDD in response to dynamic conditioning similar to that seen in male athletes. The proficiency of athletic performance as measured by VO2max may be related to the heart's ability to increase LVIDD since there is a high correlation between VO2max and LVIDD index. | 149,777 | [
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-0.14759,
0.163037,
-0.282798,
-0.1088345,
-0.0247349,
0.05244284,
-0.130907,
... |
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