title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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The effects of linoleate hydroperoxide on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria. | Linoleate hydropepoxide, purified by silica gel chromatography and at concentrations 70-100 nmol/mg mitochondrial protein, activated state 4 respiration and Mg-ATPase activity of mitochondria to levels of 80% and 25%, respectively, of those induced by 300 microM DNP, and completely inhibited oxidative phosphorylation. These effects are the same as those caused by linoleate, but the hydroperoxide caused more rapid degeneration of the activated respiration of mitochondria than linoleate. Further addition of the hydroperoxide induced oligomycin-insensitive Mg-ATPase to a level 3 times that obtained with DNP, accompanied by clearing of the mitochondrial suspension and release of malate dehydrogenase from the matrix. The extent of the effects caused by the methyl ester of linoleate hydroperoxide was much less than by the free acid. | 159,292 | [
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Isolation and characterization of mucopolysaccharides from rat liver mitochondria. | Mucopolysaccharides were isolated from rat liver mitochondria which had been labeled with 35S-sulfate. They were prepared from trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble and -soluble fractions of lipid-free mitochondria. These fractions were digested with pronase exhaustively, and the mucopolysaccharides were recovered in the void volume fractions of gel filtration of the pronase digests on Sephadex G-50, monitored by radioactivity determination. Identification of these mucopolysaccharides was based on electrophoresis on cellulose acetate film using three different media, enzymatic and chemical degradations specific to each type of mucopolysaccharide, using chondroitinases, heparitinase, and nitrous acid. From the TCA-insoluble fraction, chondroitin sulfate A and dermatan sulfate were obtained in a ratio of about 1 : 2, based on 35S-radioactivities, whereas the TCA-soluble fraction yielded chondroitin sulfates A/C, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate in a ratio of about 1 : 3 : 12. The total amount of mitochondrial mucopolysaccharides was about 3 mg/g protein, distributed between the TCA-insoluble and -soluble fractions in a ratio of about 1 : 3. | 159,293 | [
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Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. T-cell subsets and antibodies to T-cell subsets. | Antibodies to T cells present in the plasma of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) plus complement are able to eliminate concanavalin A-induced suppressor function for the proliferative responses of T cells to allogeneic lymphocytes (MLR) and of B cells to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Such antibodies were found to be effective in eliminating suppressor function only when T cells were treated before activation; there was no effect when treatment was performed after activation. These studies indicate that the antibodies preferentially interact with a T cell necessary for the generation of suppressor cells, rather than with mature, activated suppressor cells. Studies of individual SLE patients indicate that the same defects observed in SLE T cells were induced in normal T cells by plasma from that patient. Such observations suggest that many T-cell defects associated with active SLE may not be intrinsic T-cell abnormalities, but, rather, secondary effects of anti-T-cell antibodies. Studies of the T-cell subpopulations responsible for suppression of the MLR and PWM responses indicate that only T gamma cells (T cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin [Ig]G) acted as precursors of suppressor cells for the MLR, whereas both T gamma and T non-gamma cells (T cells not bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG) could be activated to suppress the PWM response. Consistent with this observation, SLE anti-T-cell antibodies that preferentially killed T gamma cells preferentially eliminated suppressor cells for the MLR. | 159,312 | [
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Echocardiographic abnormalities in infants of diabetic mothers. | In order to evaluate the presence of myocardial hypertrophy and/or abnormalities of postnatal cardiovascular adaptation, echocardiograms were performed on 34 infants of diabetic mothers. Based on cardiopulmonary assessment, the IDM were divided into three groups: Group I with congestive heart failure predominating: Group II with respiratory distress predominating: Group III asymptomatic. Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and of the walls of left and right ventricles was frequently present in IDM: this change was most notable in association with clinical CHF. Six IDM, four of whom were found to have CHF, had additional echocardiographic signs of subaortic stenosis. All IDM had normal indices of left ventricular performance, despite the presence of CHE. In IDM with respiratory distress, the right ventricular pre-ejection period to ventricular ejection time ratio was elevated, suggesting an abnormality of the transitional pulmonary circulation. Poor maternal diabetes control and maternal systemic hypertension were closely correlated with evidence of myocardial hypertrophy in the infants. | 159,351 | [
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Isolation and identification of bacteriophage phi X174 prohead. | The morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi X174 has been investigated by using an in vitro DNA synthesizing system. An extract of a B-mutant-infected cell is capable of synthesizing infectious phage in vitro when the B gene function is provided by the addition of an ammonium sulfate fraction of a C-mutant-infected-cell extract. This fraction contains the omega complex, a complex of phage-coded proteins with S = 108; the B-mutant extract does not. The purified omega complex, isolated from the C-mutant extract, caused the synthesis and encapsidation of viral DNA when added to B-mutant extract. The omega complex contains the B protein but it is the intact omega complex that functioned in the in vitro complementation of the B-mutant extract because other fractions containing B protein but no omega complex had little or no complementing activity. The results indicate that the omega complex is the phi X174 prohead. The B protein is not found in either the 132S or 114S phage particles but is an essential component of the prohead. This suggests that it may have a scaffolding function. | 159,449 | [
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Effect of chinoform on the function of biological membranes. | To investigate the mechanism by which the toxic effect of chinoform (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-quinolinol) develops, its action on the function of biological membranes was examined. Findings were: 1. Chinoform induced K+ release from red cells. This effect was increased by prior addition of Mg2+ and decreased by albumin, ruthenium red, or lanthanum chloride. 2. Chinoform induced K+ release from isolated rat liver mitochondria more effectively in the presence of Mg2+ or other bivalent cations, and a chinoform-Mg chelate was more effective than chinoform alone. The K+ release from mitochondria was protected by albumin and to a certain extent by lanthanum chloride. 3. The change in the ion permeability of mitochondrial membrane induced by chinoform in the presence of Mg2+ was accompanied by uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest that chinoform interacts with membranes more effectively as a metal chelate, producing conformational and functional changes in those membranes. | 159,463 | [
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[The treatment of spastic equinovarus in the adult by transplantation of peroneus brevis and lengthening of the tendo-calcaneus (author's transl)]. | A new technique is proposed for the treatment of spastic equinovarus foot. After lengthening the tendo calcaneus, the peroneus brevis tendon is divided at the junction with its muscle belly and the distal end of the tendon is transferred through the interosseous membrane to be sutured to the tendo calcaneus. This technique aims to correct the varus as well as the equinus deformity. It was performed in seven cases with good results. The technique is compared with other methods designed to treat this condition. The method is worthwhile in cases without bony deformity. | 159,480 | [
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Severe hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol. | The frequency of severe reactions to allopurinol has probably been underestimated. A retrospective study encompassing a five-year period has yielded 20 patients with severe hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol. Patients with preexisting renal impairment or who were receiving concomitant thiazide diuretics appeared to be especially predisposed. Cutaneous reaction patterns included maculopapular eruptions, exfoliative dermatitis, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. eosinophilia was uncommon. Forty percent of the patients developed hepatic involvement and 45% had renal involvement. Hepatic and renal changes usually were reversible and were not unique to any one cutaneous reaction pattern. Three patients with renal involvement required prolonged administration of systemic steroids. Complications included sepsis, decubitus ulcers, and thromboembolism. Two patients required hyperalimentation. Sequelae included dry eyes, pigmentary disturbances, and keloids. Three patients died as a result of their reaction. It is concluded that allopurinol should be used only in select patients, and the dosage should be modified if renal disease exists. | 159,491 | [
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The use of vasodilator agents in the treatment of heart failure. | In cardiac failure unresponsive to digoxin and diuretics, afterload reduction brings about a dramatic increase in cardiac output, renal perfusion and responsiveness to diuretics; furthermore, the decrease in venous pressure relieves the dyspnoea. Intravenous vasodilators should only be used when sophisticated haemodynamic monitoring equipment and experienced physicians are at hand. Indications for the use of these agents are severe cardiac failure, acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure, persistent ischaemic pain and limitation of infarct size. A wide variety of oral vasodilator agents is available, all having different sites of action; the choice of vasodilator agents should be tailored to the needs of the patient. Treatment with these agents is indicated in patients in whom cardiac failure becomes refractory to conventional therapy with digoxin and diuretics. The utmost care must be taken to avoid further impairment of cardiac output by excessive reduction of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and hypotension, which will jeopardize myocardial, renal and cerebral perfusion. | 159,502 | [
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The plasminogen content of commercial preparations and of normal donor plasma in relation to the plasmin content of the 1st international plasmin reference preparation. | Kabi human plasminogen and plasmin and two Behringwerke preparations of human plasminogen were examined for antigen content, purity and specific activity with the 1st International W.H.O. human plasmin reference preparation and with the plasminogen content of an 8 donor normal plasma pool. In relation to the plasminogen content of the preparation with the highest specific activity, the 8 donor plasma pool contained 0.186 mg/ml of plasminogen. This plasminogen on complete conversion to plasmin by streptokinase or urokinase corresponded to 4.35 International units/ml of plasmin as defined by the International reference preparation. Protein adsorption from highly purified plasminogens of low protein content induced variable underestimates of antigen and of biological activity. To prevent this it is recommended to issue these purified preparations in an inert carrier medium or alternatively to release these preparations with data pertaining to salt content and optical measurement prior to lyophilisation. When standards of high purity and low protein content are being examined for antigen and enzyme, it is recommended likewise that an inert protein carrier should be present in the diluent. Measurement of proactivator was considered to be unsuitable in reference to proactivator content of highly purified plasmin and plasminogen. | 159,512 | [
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Ineffectiveness of the Doppler Ophthalmic Test (DOT) in post-endarterectomy evaluation. | In an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of the Doppler Ophthalmic Test (DOT) following carotid endarterectomy, a large group of patients was examined both pre- and postoperatively with non-invasive techniques. The DOT, which has proven to be a useful non-invasive diagnostic test for the determination of significant carotid artery stenosis, was found to be persistently abnormal in 46% of patients with a preoperative positive test. This occurred in spite of the fact that operative arteriography, direct ultrasonic auscultation, and Doppler imaging studies were all within normal limits. It is suggested from this study that the Doppler Ophthalmic Test alone is not adequate to follow patients postoperatively, especially if an abnormal study persists following a satisfactory endarterectomy. Other non-invasive techniques, which employ direct ultrasonic imaging of the carotid flow, may be more accurate in determining vessel patency. | 159,523 | [
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Effects of plasma and serum on arterial endothelium. | Electron microscopic study of the femoral artery of rats following a single brief intra-arterial infusion of two different types of rat plasma and of rat serum led to the following findings and conclusions: 1. Plasma from heparinised blood caused no endothelial injury whatsoever whereas plasma from citrated blood damaged the arterial endothelium. Since the intra-arterial infusion of citrate alone produced an endothelial injury that was similar to that induced by plasma from citrated blood, it is very likely that the endothelium-injuring effect of the latter was due to its citrate content. 2. Serum obtained from clotted blood injured both the endothelium and some myocytes of the arteries into which it was infused. This injury was possibly due to the proteolytic or other actions of activated clotting factors, which are known to be present in serum but absent from plasma. The implications of these findings for certain areas of experimental and human pathology are discussed. | 159,542 | [
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[Ultrastructural organization of the inner medullary zone of the kidney of the water vole Arvicola terrestris]. | Papillary component ultrastructure and acid mucopolysaccharide distribution have been investigated in the kidney of the water vole A. terrestris. Structural differences between the descending and ascending parts of the Henle's loop are rather small, cell cytoplasm of these segments being poor in organells. Unusual ultrastructure of the collecting duct epithelium with high level of cytoplasmic organization (elongated thin mitochondria, fairly developed Golgi complex, numerous phagosomes and pinocytotic vesicles, long branching microvilli) was described. Apical membrane of the epithelium is covered by rich glycocalix layer. Heil-positive substrances are located intracellularly inside phagosomes and on vesicle membranes, as well as on the membranes of cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Interstitium is abundant, but no close contacts between papillary components were found. Acid mucopolysaccharide content of the interstitium is low, "gel" filter being not formed. The described peculiarities are discussed in relation to water and salt metabolism of the rodents investigated. | 159,594 | [
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Temperature compensation of sodium transport and ATPase activity in frog skin. | Na+ transport across frog skin, measured as short-circuit current (SCC) shows perfect temperature compensation in frogs acclimated to 6 degrees, 12 degrees, and 23 degrees C as SCC values observed at the acclimation temperatures are equal (about 13 muA/cm2). Reacclimation experiments show that this is not a starvation effect. While very little temperature compensation is seen in the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase in epidermal homogenates from frog skins, the activity of Mg2+-ATPase shows inverse compensation at assay temperatures from 4 degrees to 48 degrees C. This ATPase is apparently activated either by Mg2+ or by Ca2+ and it probably controls the passive permeability of epidermal cells. It is suggested that the inverse temperature compensation in the activity of this enzyme is the main mechanism by which the observed perfect temperature compensation of Na+ transport across frog skin occurs. | 159,598 | [
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Left ventricular function at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation. | To determine the effect of aortic valve replacement on reversing abnormalities of left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation, radionuclide cineangiography was used to study 16 sympatomatic patients with aortic regurgitation before and 6 months after aortic valve replacement. Before operation, left ventricular ejection fraction was 46 +/- 3 percent at rest (normal mean +/- standard error of the mean 57 +/- 1 percent; P less than 0.001), and decreased to 37 +/- 4 percent during exercise (normal 71 +/- 2 percent; P less than 0.001). after operation, ejection fraction rose to 58 +/- 4 percent at rest, indistinguishable from the normal value, and during exercise was 53 +/- 4 percent, increased (P less than 0.001) from before operation but significantly (P less than 0.001) subnormal. Thus, aortic valve replacement can improve but usually does not normalize left ventricular function during exercise in symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation. | 159,618 | [
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A study of the effect of pregnancy on muscle fibers of the rectus abdominis muscle of the rat. | Samples of the rectus abdominis muscle were taken from Sprague-Dawley rats at 0, 3, 6, 6, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days of pregnancy, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of postpartum. Sections were incubated for actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity following preincubation at a basic pH. Muscle fibers within a unit area of each sample were identified as to fiber type according to their enzyme activity, and the population of each type counted. The proportion of each fiber type was calculated and the diameter of 24 fibers of each type measured. No changes were noted in the muscle fiber proportions through the course of the experiment. Differential changes in muscle fiber diameters were noted in each of the three muscle fiber types. Slow oxidative fibers underwent an increase in diameter through the last half of pregnancy. The diameter was further increased as stretch of the muscle was released after birth, and did not decrease in the postpartum period. Fast glycolytic fibers decreased in diameter during the last half of pregnancy, but returned to the prepregnancy diameter in the first postpartum day. The diameter of the fast oxidative glycolytic fibers remained unchanged through the course of pregnacy and in the postpartum period. | 159,648 | [
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The anatomic rationale for abdominal lipectomy. | Changes occur in the vascular and lymphatic flow and in the sensory pattern of the superficial abdominal wall during abdominal lipectomy. The development of these systems, their anatomic descriptions in the abdominal wall, and the changes created by the surgery are documented to explain tissue survival following the procedure. | 159,651 | [
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The use of thymoxamine in eyelid retraction. | We observed substantial narrowing in 75% of fissures in patients with various types of lid retraction after topical application of aqueous 0.5% thymoxamine (moxisylyte). Even contralateral normal-appearing fissures in thyroid patients responded in this manner. The nonresponders in the lid retraction group included a patient with an orbital pseudotumor and patients with long-standing and stable euthyroid eye disease. No normal subjects' fissures responded greatly to thymoxamine. A substantial reduction in palpebral fissures was seen in all patients with thick extraocular muscles and in 14 of 18 (78%) of all fissures of thyroid patients; the average response was 2.3 mm. This effect may last for five hours after thymoxamine administration. Thymoxamine may be of use as a diagnostic test for thyroid eye disease, and if it can be modified to cause less ocular irritation, it may be beneficial in the medical treatment of eyelid retraction. | 159,683 | [
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Chitin synthase activity from the slime variant of Neurospora crassa. | Chitin synthase (UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:chitin 4-beta-acetamidodeoxy-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.16) activity from the wall-less variant of Neurospora crassa (slime) was partially characterized. The slime enzyme activity was found to be similar to that reported for slime-like and wild-type chitin synthase activities with respect to the following: specific activity, particulate cell-fraction localization, activation by N-acetylglucosamine, apparent Km with respect to substrate, pH optimum and ion requirement. It appears that the phenotype of slime cannot be solely accounted for by the absence of chitin synthase enzyme activity. | 159,723 | [
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[Quantitative model of human erythrocyte glycolysis. Region of cell viability determined by ATP concentration]. | The boundaries of the cell vitality domain in the enzyme activity space are calculated on the basis of a mathematical model of erythrocyte glycolysis. The boundaries are determined by key metabolite concentrations. The results obtained are compared with experimental data related to erythrocytic enzymopathies. It is shown that theoretical boundary enzyme activities coincide with the activities of hexokinase and in some cases phosphofruktokinase in enzyme deficient erythrocytes. | 159,725 | [
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... |
[Increase of non-specific resistance to infection by synthetic adjuvants]. | MDP and some other synthetic glycopeptides which are endowed with adjuvant properties are also able to increase non-specific resistance of mice to bacterial infections. They are effective by various routes including the oral route, and this protective activity can be demonstrated in animals having a poor immune status. | 159,749 | [
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[Cell mediated cytolysis: identification, enumeration and characterization of killer cells]. | Killer cells responsible of the cell mediated cytolysis are identified by a microtechnique: effector cells are individually associated to target cells and incubated at 37 degrees C; killers are identified by their associated target lysis. Thus killer cells are enumerated in the effector cell suspensions. Furthermore, isolated killer can be characterized and their lethal action studied. | 159,753 | [
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0.09422656,
... |
Ultrastructural and biochemical study of extracellular matrix vesicles in normal alveolar bone of rats. | The occurrence of vesicles in the extracellular matrix of alveolar bone of normal young rats was demonstrated by both ultrastructural and enzymatic studies. Transmission electron microscopy revealed abundant vesicles in the matrix. The presence of hydroxyapatite crystals, both within the vesicles and in the matrix, was affiliated with rupture of the vesicular membrane. Calcifying nodules were scarce. High levels of both specific and total activities of alkaline- and pyrophosphatases were found in the fraction of isolated vesicles. This fraction also showed activities of different ATPases and acid phosphatase. | 159,774 | [
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Characterization of mouse ribosomal gene fragments purified by molecular cloning. | Four mouse ribosomal gene fragments cloned in lambda gtWES were studied by restriction enzyme mapping and Southern transfer experiments. These fragments were found to contain 18S DNA and transcribed as well as non-transcribed spacer DNA. Variation in the structure of these mouse DNA inserts was limited to one region of spacer DNA. This variation may reflect real structural differences found in mouse ribosomal genes or possibly deletion events which occurred during cloning. The transcribed regions of the inserts appear identical to one antoher and restriction enzyme fragments from this region correspond to fragments observed in digests of total mouse DNA. These clones will be useful in studying the structure of transcribed spacer DNA including the ribosomal gene promoter. | 159,852 | [
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[The concept of social pediatric assistance in the development of handicapped children. Possibilities, problems and future measures]. | Principles and possibilities of the social pediatric concept (Hellbrügge) in treatment and aids for handicapped children are demonstrated. Beside positive experiences there are still some unsolved problems: control of therapeutic efficiency, increasing amount of psychic and social handicaps, lack of psychotherapeutic possibilities, problems of the organization and the public rôle of social pediatric work. | 159,857 | [
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Pseudocholinesterase activity and E1 phenotypes in Down's syndrome and mental retardation. | Pseudocholinesterase activity and the phenotypes controlled by the E1 locus have been determined in a sample of 307 Down's syndrome patients and 206 patients suffering from nonspecific mental retardation and compared to those in the healthy population. Both groups of patients have an elevated frequency of phenotypes possessing the rate E1f allele. The mentally retarded patients have a higher mean pseudocholinesterase activity than those with Down's syndrome who, in turn, have activity than the healthy controls. | 159,860 | [
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Topical fluorouracil therapy for precancers and cancers of the skin. | Topical fluorouracil (FU) is an extremely effective agent for treating multiple actinic keratoses. It is also of value in the treatment of Bowen's disease, actinic cheilitis, arsenical keratoses, radiodermatitis, X-ray-induced keratoses, leukoplakia, and the erythroplasia of Queyrat. Topical FU may be successful in the treatment of superficial basal-cell carcinomas, but should not be used for nodular carcinomas of the face or neck except under unusual circumstances and with mandatory histologic follow-up evaluation. The usual method of treatment is twice daily application of a 1 percent FU solution in propylene glycol. Several modifications of various types of commonly employed preparations and the manner in which each is used are described, along with the respective indications. The considerable discomfort associated with the use of topical FU can be lessened by the stepwise approach outlined--a method extraordinarily valuable for older patients. Occasional complications are primary irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis; these must be recognized promptly and treated, as must other less frequent side effects. Topical FU appears to be of great value in the destruction of existing precancerous skin lesions. When used repeatedly, it may postpone indefinitely the development of significant precancerous and cancerous skin lesions. | 159,921 | [
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The receptor specificity of alloreactive T cells. Distinction between stimulator K, I, and D region products and degeneracy of third-party H-2 recognition by low-affinity T cells. | The specificity of binding of stimulator-derived H-2 antigens by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-activated T blasts was investigated under conditions of antigen excess. We have shown that the detectable proportion of alloantigen-binding blasts from primary MLC is a function of antigen concentration, and can represent up to more than 90 percent of total blasts, when the antigen is presented in the appropriate form (on mitomycin-treated viable stimulator cells, or membrane vesicles prepared from lipopolysaccharide blasts), and at nonlimiting concentration. Thus stimulator alloantigen-binding directly parallels the proliferative response and is not restricted to a subpopulation of T blasts. However, the marked dependence of the binding on antigen concentration indicates that cells with a wide range of receptor affinities for the stimulating determinants are involved. In view of this possibility, the specificity of binding by these cells was studied. We have demonstrated that stimulator K, I, and D region products are bound by nonoverlapping subpopulations of blasts, the sum of which may represent 93 percent of total blasts. Thus, specific distinction by these cells between different H-2 region products is not affected by the putative heterogeneity in terms of receptor affinities. However, specificity with respect to unrelated H-2 haplotypes is strictly dependent on antigen concentration. A preferential binding of stimulator membrane vesicles occurs at limiting concentrations; whereas the majority of blasts bind stimulator and third- party vesicles equally well at high vesicle concentrations. The binding of both vesicle types is specific in that it can be inhibited with the relevant anti-H-2 sera. Furthermore, stimulator and third-party vesicles seem to compete for binding sites on the same cells, as shown by cold antigen inhibition. From these results, we propose that there is an imperfect distinction between stimulator and third-party H-2 antigens by the majority of primary MLC blasts. In contrast, highly selected long-term MLC blasts do not bind third-party H-2 antigens at any concentration, and seem to have high affinity for the stimulating antigens. We conclude that large numbers of clones with low-affinity (cross- reactive) receptors are generated in primary MLC, most of which become eliminated during long-term selection. This implies that the frequency of cells strictly specific for nonshared stimulating determinants must be minute. | 159,939 | [
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Effects of endurance training on muscle fibre ATP-ase activity, capillary supply and mitochondrial content in man. | Seven young females were subjected to 24 weeks of intensive endurance training. Adaptive changes in myofibrillary ATP-ase activity, capillary supply and mitochondrial content were investigated with light- and electron microscopy in needle biopsies from the quadriceps femoris. 1. The average value for the maximal oxygen uptake increased from 45.7 to 57.2 (ml . kg-1 min-1) (25.2%, P less than 0.005). 2. The average number of capillaries per muscle fibre increased from 1.39 to 1.79 (28.8%, P less than 0.005). Since no significant change in fibre area was found, this suggests that a considerable number of new capillaries have been formed during the training period. 3. An increased capillary supply of all fibre types was found, being greatest for type I and smallest for type IIB. 4. The relative amount of type I fibres before and after the training period was 57.9 and 56.5% respectively (n.s.), for type IIA fibres 26.4 and 31.5% (P less than 0.005), for type IIB fibres 9.2 and 3.4% (P less than 0.005) and for type IIC fibres 0.4 and 2.2% (P less than 0.005). Thus, in the type II group, significant changes in subtypes take place during the endurance training. The data suggest that type IIAB may represent a transitional state between type IIA and IIB. 5. Correlation of capillary supply, myofibrillar ATP-ase activity and mitochondrial content (determined semiquantitatively of individual muscle fibres indicators that the capillary supply to a given fibre is more closely related to its mitochondrial content than to the fibre type as determined on the basis of myofibrillar ATP-ase activity. | 159,945 | [
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On the regional histology and histochemistry of the epididymis of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). | Distinct morphological regions, initial, middle and terminal segments, were distinguishable histologically; the middle segment was further subdivided into proximal, intermediated and distal parts. PAS-positive, diastase-resistant reaction was detected in the blood vessels, subepithelial tissue and stereocilia of all segments. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in the epithelial cells with the highest activity being in the proximal part of the middle segment. Non-specific esterase gave a similar reaction but the strongest activity was in the terminal segment. Alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and adenosine monophosphatase were of similar activity in the subepithelial tissue, blood vessels, stereocilia and luminal contents; the strongest reaction occurred in the middle segment. Lactate, succinate, glutamate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases were examined; LDH was more active than the others particularly in the terminal segment. Some reaction was found in the epithelial cells, subepithelial tissue and luminal contents. | 159,947 | [
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[Classification of acquired aortic stenosis (based on electrocardiographic study data)]. | The article is based on the case records of 192 patients with acquired aortic stenosis and interpretation of the ECG of 187 patients. In this group, 143 patients underwent operation and 8 died in the period of their examination. The purpose of the examination consisted in determining whether or not the ECG could characterize the stage of the cardiac disease. Four types of electrocardiographic changes of the ventricular complex characteristic of left-ventricular hypertrophy were distinguished. On comparing clinical and electrocardiographic findings, no clear dependence was revealed between the clinical manifestations of the stenosis and the severity of the hypertrophic process in the muscle of the left ventricle according to the ECG data. The information gained by means of ECG is confirmed by the results of pathomorphological examination. The authors suggest a clinical classification of acquired aortic stenosis based on the function changes in the left-ventricular myocardium as determined from the ECG. | 159,969 | [
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[X-ray angiocardiographic characteristics of the heart in arterial hypertension]. | Correlation-statistical analysis of the roentgenocardiometric indices and the findings of left ventriculography in 30 patients with arterial hypertension was conducted. A significant inter-relationship of the roentgenometrical criteria of enlargement of the heart (cardiothoracic index, the extent of convexity of the arch of the pulmonary artery and, to a lesser measure, the cardiac volume) with the mass of the myocardium and the thickness of the left ventricular wall was revealed. The roentgenological criteria may complement the existing methods of the assessment of the degree of myocardial hypertrophy in arterial hypertension. | 159,974 | [
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Phosphorprotein intermediate in the Ca2+-dependent ATPase reaction of macrophage plasma membrane. | ATPase activity and phosphorylation by [gamma-32P] ATP of isolated plasma membrane of alveolar macorphages are stimulated in a parallel fashion by physiologic concentrations of Ca2+, with half-maximal activating effect of this ion at (3--7) X 10(-7) M. For various membrane preparations, a direct proportionality exists between Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity and amount of 32P incorporated. Labeling of membrane attains the steady-state level by 10 sec at 0 degrees C, and is rapidly reversed by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), K+ decreases the amount of membrane-bound 32P, mainly by enhancing the rate of dephosphorylation of the 32P-intermediate. Hydroxylamine causes a release of about 90% of 32P bound to the membrane, thus indicating that the 32P-intermediate contains an acyl-phosphate bond. When the labeled plasma membrane is solubilized and electrophoresed on acrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, the radioactivity appears to be largely associated with a single protein fraction of 132,000 +/- 2,000 aarent molecular weight. These features of the macrophage Ca2+-ATPase suggest that the enzyme activity might be part of a surface-localized Ca1+-extrusion system, participating in the regulation of Ca2+-dependent activities of the macrophage. | 159,982 | [
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[Participation of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions and the corresponding ATPases in the mechanism of the presynaptic action of amisyl and arecoline]. | Amisyle and arecoline were found to be antagonistic drugs in the effect on content of Mg2+ and Ca2+ and on activity of corresponding ATPases in synaptosomes isolated from rat brain. Amisyle promoted the incorporation of 45Ca into synaptosomes but arecoline inhibited the reaction. The appear to be responsible for liberation and maintaining of neurotransmitters in presinaptic stores. | 160,132 | [
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... |
[Clinical experience with levamisole treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. | Levamisole treatment was started in 8 patients with inactive SLE. Four patients, who have now been followed up for over 12 months, have not shown clinical deterioration. Three of these patients received concomitant maintenance corticosteroid therapy, the dosage of which could be reduced in each case. A decrease in anti-DNA antibodies was observed in all 4 patients. Levamisole had to be withdrawn in the other 4 patients. One patient developed an exacerbation of her LE skin manifestations after two months, whilst in another patient fever and skin rash (probably drug-induced) were observed after one month. The cooperation of the 2 other patients was not satisfactory and the drug had, thus, to be withdrawn. In conclusion, 4 out of 8 patients with SLE showed a beneficial response to levamisole therapy. | 160,142 | [
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[Comparson of occlusal conditions in juveniles from residential areas with different drinking water fluoride contents (author's transl)]. | The investigations reported in this paper were conducted in Karl-Marx-Stadt after 16 years from the introduction of drinking water fluoridation (1.0 ppm F), with a total of 792 randomly selected juveniles (whose average age was 14.9 years) being examined. Serving as a control group were 780 juveniles of the same age (15.4 years). The control persons were from Leipzig (0.2 ppm F). Included in the comparison with metric occlusal traits, use being made in this connection of the method for measuring occlusal traits, which was recommended in 1973 by an F.D.I. commission (COCSTOC-MOT). Despite the considerable reduction of caries in the deciduous dentition and the change in the eruptive behavior of permanent teeth, which is of great importance of the development, of dentition, no systematic differences could be observed between the two groups of subjects. An improvement in the occlusal conditions could not, after consumption of drinking water with an optimum fluoride content, be convincingly demonstrated by means of the epidemiological method used in these investigations. | 160,157 | [
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[Autoradiographic determinations of carbon-14-labeled monomers and residual monomers in the tissues of Wistar rats after implantation of cold-polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate (bone cement) (author's transl)]. | Self-setting acrylics, named bone cement, are taken for the reconstruction of bone defects, for the fixation of endothesis and fractures. A disadvantage of these rapid-cure acrylic compounds is the toxicity of its monomer. Infraredspectrographic measurements showed an absolute content of 12,3 per cent monomer in an acrylic-resin-compound-implant. In order to perseive the incorporation of the diffused monomer after implantation of bone cement in rats, the monomer were marked with 14C (radioactive carbon). The autoradiographic examination revealed the excretion of the marked monomer in the urine and an accumulation in kidney, liver and lungs. The results were demonstrated. | 160,161 | [
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[Phage typing and lysogen typing of Staphylococcus aureus]. | A comparison was made between the results of phage and lysogenic typing of S. aureus strains isolated during several outbreaks of staphylococcal infection and S. aureus cultures isolated from the same carriers at different periods. The study of the groups of strains having the same origin showed that the differences in the number of reactions were more pronounced in lysogenic typing than in phage typing. For this reason lysogenic typing can be recommended only for the identification of those strains which cannot be identified with the use of the phages of the International Basic Set. The results of the experiments with induced phages proliferating in a restriction-defective strain indicated that restriction and modification were mainly responsible for the specificity of lytic reactions. | 160,170 | [
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-... |
Pretibial myxoedema: stimulation of mucopolysaccharide production of fibroblasts by serum. | We have shown that sera from normal individuals and from patients with pretibial myxoedema contain a factor which simulates mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis in normal human skin fibroblasts cultured in vitro. This factor was present in larger amounts in sera of patients with pretibial myxoedema. The role of growth stimulating factors in serum is reviewed and a hypothesis is put forward that the fibroblast stimulating factor is somatomedin and that its presence in increased amounts in thyroid disease may lead to pretibial myxoedema. | 160,243 | [
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0.1958531,
0.5519252,
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... |
The early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. | In a survey of 235 consecutive cases of ectopic pregnancy it was found that over 50 per cent were incorrectly diagnosed by the general practitioner and 36 per cent by a hospital doctor. Ten per cent of patients were sent home before the diagnosis was made. Over 30 per cent of patients were sent to general surgical wards and these patients had different characteristics from those sent to gynaecological wards. High risk patients can be identified from their past history. The increasing use of the laparoscope has been associated with earlier detection of ectopic pregnancy before the stage of rupture. | 160,264 | [
0.1589086,
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0.373... |
[Attempt at modification of the pharmacological and toxic effects of cocaine]. | The increase in locomotor activity induced by cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) in the mouse was antagonized by pretreatment with compounds which inhibited monoanimergic receptors such as phenoxybenzamine, chlorpromazine or methysergide. On the contrary, the lethal dose of cocaine in rats and mice was not reduced by these substances. These data suggest that monoamines are involved in mediating the motor activity of cocaine but not implicated in the toxic effect of the drug. | 160,275 | [
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Specificity of the bacteriophage lambda N gene product (pN): nut sequences are necessary and sufficient for antitermination by pN. | We have cloned the nutR site together with the tR1 site of bacteriophage lambda in the E. coli galactose operon to examine whether the lambda promoter sequences PR and PL are involved in the recognition specificity of the lambda N gene product (pN). We first constructed a derivative of plasmid pBR322 in which the expression of the tetracycline genes (tet) is controlled by the gal promoter (Pgal). This new plasmid contains a unique Hind III site between Pgal and tet into which the nutR and tR1 sites were introduced. The order of the relevant genetic markers in this second plasmid is Pgal-nutR-tR1-tet. Cells transformed with this plasmid express tet only if pN is provided and if the plasmid contains an intact gal promoter. Our data suggest that transcription which originates at Pgal is modified by pN at nutR, enabling it to pass through tR1 into tet. We conclude that promoters do not play a specific role in pN recognition and that nut sequences are both necessary and sufficient for pN action. | 160,286 | [
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Subcellular calcium localization and AT0-dependent Ca2+-uptake by smooth endoplasmic reticulum in an invertebrate photoreceptor cell. An ultrastrucutral, cytochemical and X-ray microanalytical study. | In Hirudo medicinalis an extensive and highly elaborate three dimensional network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae is found in very close structural relationship to the receptive (microvillar) membrane, as reported for many other invertebrates. A variant of the potassium pyroantimonate technique showed that these submicrovillar endoplasmic reticulum cisternae (SMC) and mitochondria are major intracellular calcium stores. Furthermore, using saponine-skinned photoreceptors for an in situ accumulation experiment, calcium oxalate precipitates in SMC demonstrate that this organelle is able to accumulate Ca2+ from a concentration of 2 x 10(-5) M, when ATP, Mg2+, and oxalate ions are present in the accumulation medium. This result provides direct evidence for the hypothesis that SMC may play a particularly important role in the regulation of intracellular ionized calcium in invertebrate photoreceptor cells. Morphological evidence supports this view. | 160,317 | [
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Inhibition of E coli ATPase activity by a troponin component, TN-I, and by mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. | The enzymic activity of Mg2+- or Ca2+-stimulated ATPase from Escherichia coli was inhibited by one of the troponin components, TN-I, and by mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor (F1-inhibitor). The inhibitory ability of component TN-I against Mg2+-stimulated AtPase activity was lost after digestion of component TN-I with trypsin. The Mg2+-stimulated ATPase activity inhibited by component TN-I was completely restored by the addition of another troponin component TN-C. | 160,325 | [
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A rightward promoter to the left of the att site of lambda phage DNA: possible participant in site-specific recombination. | The binding has been studied of Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase to the fragments of lambda DNA obtained by digestion with restriction endonucleases BsuI, HindIII, BamHI, EcoRI and HindII + III. There are at least six sites of RNA-polymerase binding in the b2-region. In vitro transcription of those BsuI-fragments of the b2-region which contain six binding sites is rightward. Therefore, the fragments contain promoters rather than mere RNA-polymerase binding sites. One of the promoters of the b2 region named patt was calculated to be about 50 bp to the left of the att site. We postulate that this promoter might correspond to the hef-target which was described as important for the site-specific recombination. | 160,359 | [
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The organization of a nuclear DNA sequence from a higher plant: molecular cloning and characterization of soybean ribosomal DNA. | The recombinant DNA vector, lambda Charon 4A, was used to construct a library of DNA sequences from the genomic DNA of soybean (Glycine max). To define the organization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the soybean genome, clones containing sequences complementary to both 17S and 25S rRNA have been isolated from this library and used in conjunction with Southern blot hybridization. The rRNA genes are tandemly reiterated with a relatively small unit repeat length of 7.8 kb. There is no heterogeneity in the length of the rDNA repeat units although they display limited differences in either base sequence or pattern of methylation. The cloned rDNA sequences are shown to comprise the entire repeat unit and have been used to obtain a detailed restriction map as well as an approximate transcription map of soybean rRNA genes. The cloning of rDNA from soybean suggests that recombinant DNA techniques can be successfully applied to the genomic DNA of higher plants despite the high degree of methylation exhibited by plant DNA. | 160,361 | [
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[Computer tomography in the diagnosis of local recurrences after resection for carcinoma of the rectum (author's transl)]. | Presacral or pelvic floor tumour recurrence after abdomino-perineal resection for rectal or anal carcinomas has not been amenable to early radiological diagnosis. Computer tomography is a procedure which can demonstrate recurrences of two to three cm. Within the pelvis with certainty. The reliability of the method has been demonstrated in 27 patients suspected of having recurrences. The effect of demonstrating or excluding a recurrence on subsequent treatment is discussed. The value of computer tomographic examination of the pelvis for demonstrating the position and extent of a recurrence, the displacement of neighbouring organs, destruction of the pelvis and involvement of iliac lymph nodes is shown. | 160,376 | [
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Dengue virus-induced thymus-derived suppressor cells in the spleen of mice. | Adoptive transfer of spleen cells obtained from mice given three weekly i.p. doses of dengue type 2 virus (DV) suppressed DV antigen-specific antibody secretion as detected by the Jerne plaque technique. This suppression was produced by non-glass-adherent cells but not by glass-adherent cells. Immune spleen cells depleted of macrophages by carbonyl iron treatment had higher suppressor activity. Immune spleen cell homogenate could transfer the activity equally well. The immune spleen cells were separated into T and B lymphocytes by a nylon wool column. B lymphocytes had no suppressor activity; almost all the suppressor activity was present in T lymphocytes. Thus, macrophages and B lymphocytes had no suppressor activity; it was mediated by T lymphocytes through soluble factors. | 160,396 | [
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Interactions between central monoaminergic systems: dopamine-serotonin. | Concentration of dopamine and serotonin metabolites (HVA and 5-HIAA) in the CSF was evaluated before and after pharmacological treatment in 19 patients with different neuropsychiatric diseases. In every case a reciprocal modification of the two metabolites occurred after treatment. The result supports the hypothesis of a functional balance between the monoaminergic systems in the central nervous system. | 160,445 | [
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Association of myocardial cell necrosis with experimental cardiac hypertrophy. | Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rabbits by injecting thyroxine or isoprenaline, or by surgically constricting the abdominal aorta. An increase in heart weight was associated with a change in the ratios of bound to free forms of five lysosomal enzymes, a change in serum creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and a change in the morphology of the myocardial cells. Isoprenaline treatment for 5 days induced a maximal change in heart weight, in the ratio of lysosomal enzymes, and in the serum enzymes. Thyroxine treatment was required for 15 days before maximal changes in heart weight, ratio, and serum enzymes were observed. In contrast, coarctation of the aorta caused a progressive change in heart weight, in the ratio of lysosomal enzymes, and in serum enzymes. These results suggest that necrosis of the myocardial cells does indeed accompany cardiac hypertrophy. It was further observed that autophagosomes, degenerating mitochondria in the myocardial cells during the induction of cardiac hypertrophy, and myofibril lysis were found, all of which confirms the suggestion of myocardial cell necrosis in the experimentally enlarged heart. | 160,447 | [
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Effect of endurance training on myocardial myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity of the dog. | Endurance exercise training has been found to enhance the functional capacity of the myocardium in several animal models. The sub-cellular phenomena accompanying the augmented function are yet to be explained. The present study sought to determine if the myosin ATPase activity of cardiac muscle increased as a result of endurance conditioning. Five beagles trained by running on a motor driven treadmill (T) and five control (NT) animals were studied. Follwoing 10 weeks of training the T group had a significantly (P less than .05) lower heart rate than the NT while performing the same submaximal exercise and the gastrocnemius cytochrome oxidase activity was significantly greater (P less than .005) in the T than in the NT. These two measurements established that the exercised animals were physically trained. Myosin was isolated from the left ventricular myocardium and activated in a medium containing K-EDTA. No significant (P less than .05) difference in maximum myosin ATPase activity was observed between the NT and T groups in cardiac muscle. It was concluded that cardiac muscle myosin ATPase activity was not affected by 10 weeks of endurance conditioning induced by treadmill running in dogs. | 160,487 | [
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Extrusion of peritoneal catheter through abdominal incision: report of a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. | A rare complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is reported. The peritoneal catheter extruded through the well-healed abdominal incision. This is the first report of such an occurrence in an adult patient. | 160,511 | [
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Evaluation of electrode array material for neural prostheses. | Matrix support materials for brain surface electrodes used in neuroprosthetic applications were evaluated after chronic subdural implantation over the parietal cortex of the cat. Four types of array fabricated with Silastic, Dacron mesh, or platinum wire annuli were implanted for periods ranging from 5 weeks to 1 year. We evaluated the arrays by access resistance measurements and gross and histological observations of the tissue beneath both nonstimulated and stimulated electrodes. A porous type matrix constructed of Dacron mesh proved to be the superior design because of its minimal compression of the cortical surface, facility of handling during implantation and autopsy, and satisfactory electrical characteristics provided by a good electrode-brain interface. (Neurosurgery, 5: 681--686, 1979). | 160,513 | [
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Instantaneous measurement of glomerular filtration rate in the isolated perfused rat kidney. | In perfusion studies on the isolated cellfree perfused rat kidney, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be controlled if the GFR can be measured instantaneously. This paper reports on a GFR meter which opens this possibility. Vitamin B12 is used as a marker for the GFR. A bubble flow meter determines urine flow rates ranging from 10 up to 200 microliter-min-1. A fiberoptic colorimeter measures vitamin B12 concentrations in the urine up to 400 mg-l-1. The flow meter and the colorimeter are described in detail. The reliability of vitamin B12 as a marker for the GFR is demonstrated and, moreover, the identity of GFR values obtained with the GFR meter and those from B12 spectrophotometry is demonstrated. | 160,537 | [
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Cleavage of single-stranded DNA by the A and A* proteins of bacteriophage phi X174. | The purified A protein and A* protein of bacteriophage phi X174 have been tested for endonuclease activity on single stranded viral phi X174 DNA. The A protein (55.000 daltons) nicks single-stranded DNA in the same way and at the same place as it does superhelical RFI DNA, at the origin of DNA replication. The A* protein (37.000 daltons) can cleave the single-stranded viral DNA at many different sites. It has however a strong preference for the origin of replication. Both proteins generate 3'OH ends and blocked 5' termini at the nick site. | 160,544 | [
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Size fractionation of DNA fragments by liquid-liquid chromatography. | A method for the fractionation of double-stranded DNA fragments from 150 to 22000 b.p. in size by liquid-liquid chromatography is described. The procedure makes use of the fact that the partitioning of DNA in a polyethylene glycol-dextran system is size dependent and can be altered by alkali metal cations. Cellulose or celite are used as supports for the stationary, dextran-rich phase. Examples show the fractionation of digests of T7 DNA produced by Dpn II and Hind II restriction endonulceases as well as lambda DNA digests produced by Hind III and Eco RI restriction endonucleases. | 160,546 | [
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Role of thymidylate synthetase activity in development of methotrexate cytotoxicity. | Methotrexate (MTX) inhibition of the growth of mouse or human leukemia cells in culture was partially prevented by either thymidine (dThd) or hypoxanthine. 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) also decreased the growth-inhibitory potency of MTX in the presence of small concentrations of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (citrovorum factor) and sufficient exogenous dThd to support the synthesis of thymidylate nucleotides by salvage mechanisms. In addition, citrovorum factor-induced reversal of MTX was several orders of magnitude more efficient in the presence of both FdUrd and dThd than in the presence of dThd alone or in the absence of both nucleosides. Likewise, the presence of FdUrd (3 microM) and dThd (5.6 microM) completely prevented the lethality of 0.3 mM MTX to L1210 cells in culture medium supplemented with micromolar concentrations of citrovorum factor. We propose that this protection against the cytotoxic effects of MTX by dThd, hypoxanthine, and FdUrd have a common biochemical mechanism--namely, inhibition of the de novo synthesis of thymidylate by either a direct [FdUrd; inhibition of thymidylate synthetase (thymidylate synthase; 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyl-transferase, EC 2.1.1.45)] or indirect (dThd and hypoxanthine; feedback inhibition by anabolites on ribonucleotide reductase and deoxycytidylate deaminase) effect. The resultant decreased rate of loss of reduced folates due to de novo thymidylate synthesis would allow a higher degree of inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase to be endured without damage to the cell. | 160,558 | [
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Identification of the lexA gene product of Escherichia coli K-12. | The Escherichia coli lexA gene encodes a product important in induction of the recA gene and the expression of various cellular functions, including mutagenesis and prophage induction. As a start in a biochemical analysis of the lexA function, a family of lambda transducing phages carrying lexA+, lexA3, lexA3 spr-54, and lexA3 spr-55 alleles of the lexA gene was isolated and characterized. Polypeptides synthesized by these phages were examined. lambdalexA+ made a distinctive protein 24 kilodaltons (kd) in size. Lambda lexA3, which encodes an active mutant form of the protein dominant to wild-type function, made a slightly larger protein 25 kd in size. The latter protein was shown to be the mutant lexA3 gene product by the fact that lambda lexA3 spr-55, which carries an amber mutation in lexA3, made the 25-kd protein in hosts with an amber suppressor but not in a suppressor-free host. In hosts carrying a multicopy lexA3 plasmid, neither the 25-kd nor the 24-kd protein was made. This result suggests that lexA is autoregulated and that expression of the 24-kd protein made by lambda lexA+ is subject to the same controls. This and other evidence argues that the 24-kd protein is the product of the wild-type lexA+ gene. | 160,562 | [
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Effect of flavonoids on vitamin C activity of D-isoascorbic acid. | Large peroral doses of D-isoascorbic acid, a vitamin C stereoisomer (50 mg per animal per day), were retained in the guinea-pig organism to a smaller extent than the same doses of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Simultaneous administration of the flavonoids rutin and epicatechin increased the amount of D-isoascorbic acid retained in the liver, brain and wall of the small intestine by up to 100%, but four weeks after its extraction from the food the amount of L-ascorbic acid left in the guinea-pig organism still exceeded D-isoascorbic acid reserves. This difference, which was found in all the organs studied, was the largest in the groups simultaneously given flavonoids. In guinea-pigs which, like man, are dependent on an exogenous vitamin C supply, D-isoascorbic acid was metabolized at a manifestly higher rate than L-ascorbic acid, irrespective of whether flavonoids were administered or not. In liver, brain and small intestine wall homogenates, the oxidized forms of both stereoisomers were reduced in the presence of reduced glutathione, but the reduction rate of D-isodehydroascorbic acid was higher and it was stimulated by the two flavonoids more strongly than the reduction of L-dehydroascorbic acid. The stuterospecific. | 160,573 | [
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Effects of PGI2 on the inactivation of thrombin, factor Xa, and plasmin by antithrombin-III and heparin. | The influence of PGI2 on the activity and on the inactivation of enzymes participating in blood coagulation (thrombin and Factor Xa) and fibrinolysis (plasmin) were investigated. According to the results PGI2 has no effect on the activity of Factor Xa and plasmin nor on the inactivation of these enzymes by antithrombin-III in the absence and presence of heparin at a concentration of PGI2 up to 400 micrograms/ml. An acceleration of the inactivation of thrombin by antithormbin-III was found in the presence of PGI2 within a concentration of 100-400 micrograms/ml without any effect on the heparin-accelerated inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin. We got similar results using clotting tests for the assay and the application of synthetic substrate for thrombin. This inactivation-accelerating effect of PGI2 on thrombin was only demonstratable at a concentration five magnitudes higher than that of the anti-aggregation effect on platelets. | 160,589 | [
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0.2686045,
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0.2003826,
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0.4686307,
0.6107326,
0.2778586,
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... |
Studies of anti-lymphocyte antibody of patients with active SLE. I. Cause of loss of suppressor T-lymphocyte function. | Effect of anti-lymphocyte antibody of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on lymphocyte function was examined. Lymphocytes from normal individuals treated with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement exhibited marked inhibition of response to concanavalin A (Con A), while the response of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin M (PHA-M) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was slightly affected. In mixed lymphocyte culture response, both stimulator and responder cells were insensitive to anti-lymphocyte antibody. Treatment of sensitized lymphocytes with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement caused a dose-dependent suppression of blastogenic response to purified protein derivatives (PPD). No effect, however, was noted on migration-inhibitory factor (MIF)-producing cells. In PWM-driven Ig synthesis, T lymphocytes lacking the anti-lymphocyte antibody-reactive T-cell subset enhanced PWM-driven Ig synthesis of autologous B lymphocytes. Con-A-induced suppressor function of lymphocytes was abolished by the treatment with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement. The present study demonstrated that lymphocytes from normal individuals after treatment with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement showed similar immunological reactivities with lymphocytes from active SLE, indicating that those anti-lymphocyte antibodies could play an important role in defective suppressor cell function. | 160,612 | [
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Human T-lymphocyte subpopulations: alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus. | Sharply reduced proportions of T cells with Fc receptors for IgG (TG cells) were observed in blood samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mainly with active disease. This T-cell subset has previously been shown to be a suppressor in the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-dependent B-cell differentiation. In contrast, the percentages of T cells with Fc receptors for IgM (TM cells), which have been shown to help immunoglobulin production, were not different from those of normals. TG cells present in the circulation of SLE patients were analysed for their functional capacities in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and in the suppression of a PWM-induced B-cell differentiation. In both these assays TG cells from SLE patients had normal effector cell activity. This suggests that thr than a qualitative type. | 160,613 | [
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Fatal eosinophilic gastroenterocolitis in a two-year-old child. | We report a case of eosinophilic gastroenterocolitis in a 2-year-old child with extensive fibrosis, atrophy of the muscularis propria and involvement of stomach, small bowel and colon. Following an attack of acute gastroenteritis at the age of 15 months the symptoms of ileus persisted. A biopsy of small bowel at the age of 18 months showed numerous eosinophilic granulocytes in the mucosa. At the age of 28 months the child died with paralytic ileus. This is the first case known to us of an eosinophilic gastroenteritis in early childhood with a fatal outcome. | 160,665 | [
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Factors affecting the histochemical composition of reinnervated soleus muscle of rat. | The myofibrillar ATPase reaction was utilized to determine the relative proportion of type II fibres in reinnervated soleus muscle 6 months after transection and reunion of the nerve at various distances from the muscle. In self-reinnervated soleus muscle, a highly significant decrease in the percentage of type II fibres from 10.5 +/- 1.6% in normal muscle to 0.7 +/- 0.4% was noted. In randomly reinnervated soleus muscle the percentage of type II fibres gradually increased with the distance of the site of nerve transection from the muscle. After transection and reunion of the muscular branch of the tibial nerve, the type II fibres constituted 34.0 +/- 1.5% and that of the reinnervated soleus muscle after transection and reunion of the sciatic nerve stump was 73.7 +/- 1.7% of the total fibre population. Different factors which might be responsible for the observed differences in the degree of cytochemical transformation of muscle fibre types in the process of reinnervation are discussed. | 160,738 | [
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Morphological, histochemical and X-ray microanalytical examination of deposits on soft contact lenses in extended wearing. | The deposits on 29 contact lenses of various water content from 20 wearers were analysed by the methods given in the title. Six lenses were used as bandage lenses, the remaining for optical correction. The age of the patients varied from 7 to 56 years, two-thirds being under 45 years. Wearing time had been from 1 week to 1 year, with an average of 13 weeks. The results obtained by the methods applied showed that calcium was present in just over two-thirds of the cases (20/29), other elements being infrequent. Mucopolysaccharides were found in just under two-thirds (18/29). Chlorine was present in one-fifth of the cases. No significant amounts of lipid were detected. Fungi were found in three cases (3/29). Bacteria were also found in these cases, but never without fungi. Evaluation of the methods applied showed that the methods of choice were macroscopical examination and scanning microscopy in combination with X-ray microanalysis, in a few cases combined with histochemistry. None of the methods applied is sufficient for protein analysis. | 160,743 | [
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Effect of pyrantel tartrate and carbadox on acquisition of the swine kidneyworm (Stephanurus dentatus) and other parasites by pigs on contaminated lots. | A combination of pyrantel tartrate (106 mg/kg of body weight) and carbadox (55 mg/kg of body weight) in ground feed was fed to 20 weaned pigs (av wt, 14.4 kg) for 42 days. Another group of 20 pigs included nontreated controls. The pigs were farrowed and suckled in a slat-floored farrowing house and had minimal exposure to the small intestinal threadworm (Stronglyoides ransomi) until they were placed on severely contaminated dirt lots at the start of the experiment. Five pigs from each of the two groups were necropsied on day 42. Carbadox was withheld from the feed for the 15 remaining treated pigs. All other pigs were necropsied when they attained market weight, 72 to 83 days layer. Treated pigs killed at market weight had 44% fewer (P less than 0.10) kidneyworms (Stephanurus dentatus) than did control pigs. A 17% increase (P less than 0.01) in the weights of livers of control pigs when compared with treated market-weight pigs was associated with an increase of fibrotic hepatic tissue of control pigs. Worm infections were reduced in the treated market-weight pigs: by 96% (P less than 0.05) for the large roundworm (Ascaris suum), 77% (P less than 0.01) for nodular worms (Oesophagostomum spp), and 64% (P less than 0.01) for the intestinal threadworm. There was some evidence for prophylaxis in market-weight pigs (P less than 0.10) against lungworms (Metastrongylus spp), but none against the whipworm (Trichuris suis) or thick stomach worms (Ascarops strongylina and Physocephalus sexalatus). Pigs given the pyrantel tartrate in feed until attaining market weight maintained a feed-to-gain ratio superior (7.1%) to that of nontreated pigs. | 160,763 | [
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Identification and distribution of swine serum immunoglobins that react with Trichinella spiralis antigens and may interfere with the enzyme-labeled antibody test for trichinosis. | Sera from Trichinella spiralis digestion-negative swine contained variable amounts of two immunoglobins that reacted with T spiralis antigen in the indirect enzyme-labeled antibody test for trichinosis. One of these immunoglobins, detected by heavy chain-specific anti-swine immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugate, was removed by absorption with T spiralis larvae. A second immunoglobin, detected by heavy chain-specific anti-swine IgM, was not removed by absorption with T spiralis larvae and increased in amount with the age of the animal. These two immunoglobins varied independently in individual animals and showed some specificity for the antigen; ie, they did not merely reflect changes in total serum IgG or IgM. In contrast to IgG anti-T spiralis antibody from experimentally infected animals, neither of these immunoglobins could be detected in double-diffusion tests against the antigen or by counter immunoelectrophoresis. Either of these immunoglobins could interfere with the indirect test for T spiralis antibodies, depending upon whether anti-swine IgG or IgM conjugate is used. The factors which initiate synthesis and control serum concentrations of these immunoglobins are not known. | 160,765 | [
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[Excito-motor action of succinyldicholine and inhibitory action of acetylcholine on slow muscle, the frog hypoglossus]. | We have registered contraction of the frog's hyoglossus which is essentially slow. By injecting succinyldicholin in the heart ventricle, we have elicited contractions which prove definitively the motor effect of this cholin ester on the slow muscular fibers. Acetylcholin, injected in the lymph vessels to avoid its effect on the heart, does not contract the hyoglossus. On the contrary, by exciting electrically the hypoglossus nerve, which commands the hyoglossus, we have observed that this mono-ester abolishes the neuro-muscular transmission, as in the curare intoxication. We have found the same phenomenon on the rat's semi-tendinosus which is a slow muscle too. The twitches produced by the ischiaticus are diminished significantly after the injection of acetylcholin in the jugular vein. | 160,812 | [
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[Cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow measurement in rabbit's ear by epicutaneous diffusion of xenon 133. Influence of the arteriovenous anastomosis]. | The cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow measurement by a diffusible inert gas concerns theorically capillary nutritional flow. In clinical routine, where pathological openning of arteriovenous anastomosis is suspected, the blood flows measured by Xenon technic are often increased. The function of the shunts are displayed on the epuration curve obtained on a region where there are numerous: rabbit's ear. | 160,819 | [
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[Evaluation of cell regeneration of bone marrow after fractional irradiation of the mouse in toto]. | We have studied the recovery for mice bone marrow cells after fractionated irradiation of the whole body. The additional dose (Dr) to obtain a given biological effect if the irradiation is split in two equal subfractions (2 Di) separated by a short interval of time (i) is 40 rad per day when the interval of time between the two irradiations is lengthened of one day. | 160,828 | [
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Functional studies on T cells in adult human bone marrow. | Bone marrow (BM) lymphocytes were obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the nucleated cells from adult human BM. BM was obtained from rib sections removed routinely during thoracotomy from thirteen patients with a localized lung tumour and from two other patients without tumour (mean age 47 years). The percentage of T cells in BM was high (mean +/- s.d. 27% +/- 17) and increased with age. In eight cases, the function of isolated BM T cells was studied and compared to that of peripheral blood (PB) T cells. BM t cells showed poor helper activity for pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced Ig production by PB non-T cells, which did not appear to be due to excessive suppressor cell activity. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced thymidine incorporation was only slightly decreased but peak values were only reached after 6 years, in contrast to 4 days for PB T cells. This delay did not seem to be due to a lack of monocytes. PHA, however, failed to induce cytotoxic activity in BM T cells. PWM-induced thymidine incorporation and responder capacity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction were also very poor. These results are interpreted as suggesting that many of the T cells in adult human marrow are immature. | 160,850 | [
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Nickel, cobalt and chromium sensitivity in patients with pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema). | Sixteen patients with negative routine patch tests were challenged orally in a controlled trial with 2.5 mg nickel, 1 mg cobalt, and 2.5 mg chromium given as salts of the respective metals. All of the patients had symmetrical, vesicular hand dermatitis and in some cases also foot involvement. The dermatitis of two patients flared after challenge with cobalt; in two patients flare occurred following chromate ingestion. Prior to the oral challenge all the patients were patch tested with nickel sulphate, cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate after adhesive tape stripping. Solutions of the same metal salts were used for intradermal testing. The intradermal test sites were read after 20 minutes and 48 hours, the patch tests after 48 h. Skin test reactivity correlated poorly to the results of the oral challenge, possibly due to nonspecific skin test reactivity. It is concluded that oral challenge is a valuable adjunctive diagnostic procedure in patients with pompholyx who have negative routine patch tests. | 160,856 | [
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Down syndrome: prevalence at birth, mortality and survival. A 17-year study. | Analysis of comprehensive records over a period of 15 yr permits calculation of the total prevalence of Down Syndrome in an industrial city. The prevalence at birth is shown to have fallen from 1.70 per 1000 births in the period 1961--65 to 0.84 per 1000 births in 1971--75. The fall in prevalence can be shown to be largely due to a change in distribution of maternal age. An earlier increase in the number of Down Syndrome children is shown to reflect a greatly improved survival in the first 5 yr of life to a continuing level of 81%. The number of Down Syndrome children is unlikely to increase much even with increase of birth rate unless older mothers have further pregnancies. For these reasons the policies of amniocentesis of older women and termination of affected pregnancies will have progressively less effect on the number of affected children if this demographic trend continues. A further effect is that special schools will have a proportionately greater burden as the younger children being admitted have less prospect of development and may be more demanding of staff than Down Syndrome children. | 160,868 | [
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Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes membrane. | The antigenic composition and molecular structure of the plasma membrane of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A; M type 6) were studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) and other related quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques. After establishment of a reference pattern of 29 immunoprecipitates, the relative differences in amounts of individual antigens contained in membranes isolated from cells that were harvested during the exponential or stationary phase of growth were examined. Relative increases and decreases in amounts of individual antigens were estimated from the areas subtended by immunoprecipitates after XIE of Triton X-100 extracts. The asymmetric distribution of antigens on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane was established in absorption experiments with intact, stable protoplasts. Of the 29 immunoprecipitates, 8 appeared to contain antigens exposed on the outer surface of the membrane, whereas 11 appeared to contain antigens either located on the inner surface or unexposed. Six antigens appeared to have limited exposure on the outer surface, and four others remain to be assigned. Certain immunoprecipitates were characterized with respect to enzymatic activity or interaction with the lectin concanavalin A. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3), adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3), and polynucleotide phosphorylase (EC 2.3.7.8) were demonstrated by zymogram techniques. The latter two activities were present within the same immunoprecipitate, suggesting the occurrence of a multienzyme complex. In addition, the areas under the immunoprecipitates containing the three enzymatic activities were not affected by absorption of antimembrane immunoglobulin with intact protoplasts and thus appeared to be located on the inner surface of the membrane. The results from absorption experiments also suggested that the exposure of outer protoplast surface antigens was greater on protoplasts from exponential-phase cells than on those from stationary-phase cells, even when found in increased amounts in the latter. | 160,891 | [
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Effect of experimental magnetic storm on the production of lambda phage. | 1. Sharp fluctuation of the intensity of the vertical component of the MF amounting to +/- 0.1 Oe changing the sign over each 3 min causes variability of both lysogenic and indicator strains of E. coli. This testifies to an extremely low threshold of their magnetic susceptibility and to biological importance of fluctuations of natural parameters of the geomagnetic field as an ecological factor of the environment. 2. A change in the intensity of the vertical component of the MF, not any higher than +/-0.1 Oe, inhibits phage production in the lysogenic system of E. coli K = 12 lambda and is also reflected in the morphological peculiarities of negative phage colonies as well as in the phage-susceptibility of the E. coli indicator strain. | 160,920 | [
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Avoidance of the handicapped: an attributional ambiguity analysis. | We demonstrated a general strategy for detecting motives that people wish to conceal. The strategy consists of having people choose between two alternatives, one of which happens to satisfy the motive. By counterbalancing which one does so, it is possible to distill the motive by examining the pattern of choices that people make. The motive used in the demonstration is the desire we believe most people have to avoid the physically handicapped. Because they do not wish to reveal this desire, we predicted that they would be more likely to act on it if they could appear to choose on some other basis. In two studies we found that people avoided the handicapped more often if the decision to do so was also a decision between two movies and avoidance of the handicapped could masquerade as a movie preference. | 160,924 | [
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Immunologic aspects of renal lesions associated with malaria. | Studies on experimental models of infections and observations in man indicate that immune complexes (IC) play an important role in the pathogenesis of nephropathies associated with malaria. All present evidence suggests that IC preformed in circulation localize in the glomeruli and initiate the lesions. In acute lesions, typical of falciparum infections in man, the depositions of IC are found quite soon after infection; glomerular injury is reversible, and these cases respond well to antimalarial therapy. Chronic lesions, typical for quartan malaria, are more progressive and do not respond to antimalarials. Deposits of IC in glomeruli have shown the presence of malarial antigens at the beginning, but the perpetuation of the lesions does not seem to be due to constant supply of malarial antigens. The possibility that malarial IC in these chronic lesions trigger a pathogenic sequence in which other mechanisms (perhaps autoimmune?) are later involved is discussed. | 160,963 | [
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[Distribution of dracunculiasis in Mali. A survey of the Cyclops habitat (author's transl)]. | The authors report the distribution and the incidence of dracunculiasis in the seven administrative regions of Mali. They describe the various types of Cyclops habitat and the seasonal variations in transmission. They discuss the resulting effects of dryness and rural water development on this endemic parasitic disease. | 160,970 | [
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Light microscopic observations on fibrous plaque histogenesis in the coronary arteries of children. | An attempt was made to reconstruct the succession of structural changes which lead to the onset of fibrous plaques in the coronary arteries of children. The results show that certain branch pads or cushions act as precursors of the first fibrous plaques. The conversion of branch pads into atherosclerotic lesions includes edema, histolysis (elastolysis, collagenolysis, ground substance depletion and degenerative cell changes) and in a final step nodular proliferation of smooth muscle cells and abundant neoformation of collagen fibers. This conversion is followed by both reorganization and homogenization of the preexisting heterogeneous microarchitecture. The intermediate steps of pad conversion into atherosclerotic lesions were revealed in 4% of children 1 - 5 years old, 14% of children 6 - 10 years old and 24% of children and juveniles 11 - 15 years old; small, non-raised fibrous plaques were already present in 2% of children 6 - 10 years old and in 4% of children and juveniles 11 - 15 years old. | 160,988 | [
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0.3749354,
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-0.1337356,
-0.1407354,
0.06953125,
-0.2457977,
0.1863574,
-0.05346063,
-0.04780067,
-0.08014668,
0.3566826,
0.3126483,
0.2441011,
-0.2572924,
0.0... |
Barbiturates and calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase. | Anaesthetic barbiturates potentiate and convulsant barbiturates inhibit the calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) activity in rat brain synaptosomes. Such differential effects and consequent modification of transmitter release may be important in the contrasting actions of these classes of barbiturates in vivo. | 161,001 | [
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0.02065429,
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0.05550421,
0.1986536,
0.2241538,
-0.02676916,
-0.01084029,
... |
The measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow. | A technique for the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity-flow is described. It enables the flow of CSF in response to pressure pulses to be measured whilst allowing the simultaneous measurement of pressure through a lumber puncture needle. The physical principles which govern the operation of the flow probe are presented together with practical forms of the probe. The application of the technique is demonstrated by experiments on dog. | 161,026 | [
-0.05208235,
0.1489614,
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0.2163137,
-0.3736546,
0.00253088,
0.2251957,
-0.4177231,
0.167... |
[The prediction of growth in long bones in poliomyelitis (author's transl)]. | The authors have studied 15 cases of unilateral poliomyelitis and have compared the growth of the intact lower limb with that of the paralysed limb. It is concluded that no accurate prediction can be made except by multiple measurements. In most of the cases, growth was steady, the rate of shortening increasing by regular degrees. However, in very young children the degree of shortening was more consistent and was similar to that in congenital abnormalities. | 161,041 | [
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-0.05680997,
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0.2170249,
0.0140665,
0.3964999,
0.4052982,
-0.1086861,
-0.1710278,
... |
Lack of suppressor cell activity in rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes. | Lymphocytes were eluted from the synovial tissue of seventeen patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and one with ankylosing spondylitis. In eight of these patients immunoglobulin production by synovial lymphocytes in the presence and absence of pokeweed mitogen was studied. In nine patients T lymphocytes were isolated from the eluted cells, and the T helper and suppressor cell functions were evaluated in an allogeneic co-culture system. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from twenty-eight normal donors were also studied for comparison. Immunoglobulin produced by synovial lymphocytes was higher than in PBL of normal donors. However, the stimulation index of synovial tissue lymphocytes was lower. Most of the normal donors had suppressor cell activity in their peripheral blood, whereas in synovial tissue lymphocytes a statistically significant number of patients did not have any suppressor cell activity. In contrast, the synovial tissue lymphocytes showed helper activity not differing significantly from that of the T lymphocytes from peripheral blood of normal individuals. | 161,065 | [
-0.02555173,
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0.4277897,
0.3864628,
0.3094208,
0.0... |
[Effect of 2 phosphonates on the osteolysis induced by tumor extracts]. | An in-vitro model is proposed to test the potential effect of diphosphonates in treatment or preventing bone metastases. This model involves culturing of neonatal mice calvaria in sterile conditions in an appropriate medium and measuring 45Ca release from bone to medium, the mice being injected with 45Ca on the day of birth. Tumour extracts added to the medium usually increase the bone lysis; this effect is significantly decreased when the mice have been treated with either ethane-hydroxy-diphosphonate (EHDP) or dichloromethylene-diphosphonate (Cl2MDP). These experiments represent a first step in a group of experiments with a view to clinical trials in cases of bone metastases. | 161,073 | [
-0.3888149,
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0.1145643,
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0.6209882,
0.4598835,
0.03469089,
-0.1983327... |
[Histophysiological characterisation of chorion. Histological, histochemical, and electron-microscopic investigations (author's transl)]. | Histological, histochemical, and electron-microscopic techniques were used to investigate the chorion in 15 women over the first four to eight weeks of normal pregnancy. Evidence was produced to maximum enzyme activity and lipoid accumulation between the sixth and eighth weeks. These findings were confirmed by ultrastructural observation. Data were collected on active exchange in x-cells. That exchange together with manifest delta 5-3-beta hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase were found to cause not only oxidative processes, but, with some reasonable probability, synthesis of steroid hormones in the chorion, as well. | 161,129 | [
0.0897399,
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0.1940968,
0.3850078,
0.4941704,
0.4768336,
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... |
A comparative study of DNA-induced transformants and spontaneous revertants of inositolless Neurospora crassa. | Inositolless (inl-) Neurospora crassa strains were treated with DNA (allo-DNA) of wild type N. Crassa. Hyphal fragments of a mycelial suspension of the N. Crassa ragged inl- strain used as recipient in our transformation experiments were found to consist of units containing 100--1000 nuclei. In this strain the inositol-independent (inl+) nuclei appearing after DNA treatment or by spontaneous reversion are present in the cytoplasm together with a large number of inl- nuclei. Thus, both transformation and reversion initially must result in heterokaryosis. Under appropriate conditions the inl- nuclei can be detected in the transformed and spontaneous inl+ phenotype revertant strains. Spontaneous revertants are usually characterized by the loss of their inl+ nuclei after transfers on inositol-supplemented medium. On minimal medium, the growth rate of transformed strains is significantly lower than that of spontaneous revertants. The inl+ gene appearing after DNA treatment or by spontaneous reversion is inherited as a trait bound to chromosomes. In crosses with the transformed strains, there is a significant increase in the number of non-Mendelian (6:2 and 5:3) tetrads in the inl locus. | 161,130 | [
-0.09286427,
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0.1947237,
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0.2943197,
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-0.07953461,
0.2926803,
0.4326727,
-0.0774041,... |
[Neuromuscular block control during and after anaesthesia (author's transl)]. | During many years the clinician's requirements for neuromuscular blocking drugs are satisfied by clinical investigations. Electromyographic recordings which are a satisfactory method are not useful in current practice. The use of nerve stimulators as Churchill Davidson apparatus modified for train of four impulses must reach the continental theatres, the response to neuromuscular blocking agents varying over a wide range. Five ways of stimulation can be used giving different informations, not only during anaesthesia, but so after particularly to specify the origin of some complications. | 161,146 | [
-0.02340723,
0.05836337,
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0.06662156,
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0.1042952,
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0.09961589,
-0.01881308,
0.02829837,
0.4698947,
-0.01467683,
0.04052543... |
Determination of cardiac output of the artificial heart from the drive air flow. | An indication chamber, inserted between the right heart drive and the pump proper, was designed to provide continual measurement of the quantity of blood pumped by the pneumatic artificial heart. The flow is evaluated from the motion of a piston provided with a photoelectric transducer. The effect of compressibility of the drive gas on measurement accuracy is eliminated. The indication chamber provides for automatic replenishment of gas that escapes by diffusion and through minor leakage. During testing in an artificial circulation within the range of physiological conditions, measurement in accuracies did not exceed 5%. | 161,167 | [
-0.190766,
0.3355958,
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0.1449598,
0.06935916,
0.05569695,
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0.1282334,
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0.04127486,
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-0.1217949,
-0.2286935,
-0.1309961,
0.172921,
-0.1508024,
0.1545748... |
[Bactericidal effects of macrophages of mice treated with interferon]. | The preparations of interferon or virus-inhibiting factor produced in L cell (L-IF) and mouse brain (MB-IF) enhanced the killing of Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.) by the mouse peritoneal macrophage. The L-IF, heat-inactivated at 80 degrees or 60 degrees for 30 min., and mock L-IF could not enhance the killing of S.a. The heterologous human and rabbit interferon preparations didn't enhance the bactericidal activity of macrophage. The L-IF didn't have any effect on the release of lysozyme from the macrophages. | 161,179 | [
-0.2456369,
0.0619384,
-0.06622267,
0.1992166,
0.5084878,
0.1237601,
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0.2559096,
0.2591169,
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-0.2102351,
0.005969388,
0.7079586,
0.07320245,
-0.2356808,
-0.2448047,
... |
[Effects of microwaves on the cellular immune response of Swiss mice]. | Biological effects of microwaves (2450 MHz) were studied on cellular immune response of Swiss mouse. The obtained results show an increase of MIF, PFC and Phagocytosis values after microwaves irradiation. | 161,189 | [
-0.2028411,
-0.1764448,
-0.04070549,
-0.2314828,
0.04645701,
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0.1399865,
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0.2800826,
-0.09248151,
0.4385333,
0.09434381,
-0.05287516,
0.06... |
[Effect of vinblastine on the blast population of the thymus subcapsular zone in the mouse]. | It is well admitted that blast cells of the thymic subcapsular zone play an important role in murine leukemogenesis. Previous ultrastructural investigations have revealed the morphological heterogeneity of this population which is formed by lymphoblasts, X cells and ring shaped nucleolus cells. These aspects could correspond to different positions in the cell cycle of an unique cell type. After administration of vinblastine, a drug blocking mitosis in metaphasis, the percentage of lymphoblasts decreases whereas the percentage of X cells increases. There is no modification of the number of ring-shaped nucleolus cells. This suggests that at least a part of lymphoblasts gives rise to x cells. | 161,192 | [
0.01644347,
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0.1207631,
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0.4671349,
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0.2198648,
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0.2802442,
0.3589991,
0.7574191,
-0.009481185,
0.00035195... |
[Effect of oligopeptides containing L-Phe, L-Tyr, L-Trp, L-His or L-Met on the excitability of the 2 giant neurons of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac)]. | Effects of about ninety oligopeptides, containing L-Phe, L-Tyr, L-Trp, L-His and L-Met, on the excitability of two identifiable giant neurones (the PON, periodically oscillating neurone ; and the TAN, tonically autoactive neurone) of Achatine fulica Férussac were examined. Three oligopeptides, L-Lys-L-Phe-L-Tyr, L-Phe-L-Tyr and L-Phe-L-Trp, showed an inhibitory effect on the PON. However, this effect on the PON was weaker than that of the same three peptides on the TAN. [The latter has been reported in previous papers (1 to 3)]. Besides the three oligopeptides mentioned, four peptides, L-Phe-L-Phe, L-Phe-L-Phe-L-Phe, L-Tyr-L-Tyr and L-Tyr-L-Tyr-LTyr, still showed a weak inhibitory effect on the TAN in a high concentration. | 161,198 | [
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0.1857502,
0.1491178,
0.147885,
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0.1581272,
-0.2028281... |
A simple technique for the isolation of deletion mutants of phage lambda. | We describe a simple technique for isolating deletion mutants of phage lambda and use it to dissect a cloned fragment of foreign DNA. The technique is based on our previous finding that the normally essential product of lambda head gene D is dispensible for phage growth if the DNA content of the phage is less than 82% that of lambda wild-type (Sternberg and Weisberg, 1977). A significant fraction of the few phage that form plaques when a D amber mutant is plated on a nonsuppressing host contains deletions that reduce the phage chromosome size to less than 82% that of wild-type. It is possible to isolate deletions ranging in size from less than 1.5 kb to 14 kb (3 to 27% of wild-type lambda), and the size range can be restricted by an appropriate choice of the DNA content of the starting phage. This method, unlike the older EDTA or heat resistance methods, permits the scoring of deletions because of the absence of phenotypic variants. We investigated the effect of several host and phage mutations on deletion frequency and type and have determined that a host polA mutation increases the frequency of deletions about 30-50-fold without changing the type of deletions. A host mutD mutation or thymine deprivation increases deletion frequency about 10-fold. In contrast, a host ligts mutation has no effect on the frequency of deletions. We have also determined that the size of the smallest lambda chromosome packageable in a plaque-forming phage particle is 72-73% that of lambda wild-type. | 161,244 | [
-0.03768785,
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0.314971,
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0.007148658,
0.5310656,
0.547085,
0.01990236,
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0.0655... |
Doming of the pulmonary valve after valvotomy. | Doming of the pulmonary valve is considered an important angiographic sign for valvar stenosis. But, this sign cannot be used with similar specificity following valvotomy because at the time of surgery a bicuspid valve is created. Pre- and postoperative hemodynamic data and right ventriculograms are reviewed in 22 patients with simple pulmonary valvar stenosis. There was no correlation between the transvalvar gradient and appearance of the pulmonary valve after surgery. | 161,260 | [
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0.4342498,
0.1938441,
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0.1818134,
0.2665808,
-0.1020891,
... |
PCPA potentiates the effects of specific copulatory experience on the sexual behavior of the pudendectomized male rat. | The interactional effects of bilateral pudendectomy and sexual experience were studied on the sexual behavior of male rats. In Experiment 1, limited sexual experience in terms of mounts, intromissions or ejaculations was provided prior to the operation. The sexual behavior was then tested before and after treatment with PCPA, a drug known to increase the sexual activity of male rats. In Experiment 2, massive sexual experience was provided the animals prior to pudendectomy, and the sexual behavior was tested with or without PCPA treatment. No variety of limited sexual experience differentiated the effects of pudendectomy. After PCPA treatment, however, the intromittive and ejaculatory capacity of all experienced animals improved significantly. In animals with massive sexual experience the behavioral dysfunctions after pudendectomy were even more dramatically counteracted by PCPA treatment. | 161,401 | [
0.05865081,
0.133337,
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0.05744794,
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0.1439179,
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0.1152901,
0.06843377,
0.1600394,
0.1527601,... |
Immunological release of histamine from human lung. II. Studies on acetylcholine and the anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide. | The experiments reported in this work have been performed to measure the effects of acetylcholine and the anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide on the antigen-induced release of histamine from sensitized human lung in vitro. Primarily, ipratropium bromide did not have any effect, even at higher concentrations. Acetylcholine at a concentration of 1 x 10(-7)M increased the antigen-induced release of histamine by approximately 41%. When the lung tissue was treated with ipratropium bromide before acetylcholine, the competitive inhibition of the cholinergic receptor almost completely abolished this acetylcholine-induced increase of histamine release. Therefore, in our opinion, anticholinergic agents are primarily useful in vagus-controlled chronic obstructive ventilatory disorders; they are of secondary importance in allergic bronchial asthma. | 161,410 | [
0.09921951,
-0.4524578,
-0.2885074,
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0.03174413,
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0.0814475,
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0.1938273,
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0.1000996,
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0.03975294,
0.0130136,
0.07647117,
0.01574323,
... |
A new fluorogenic substrate for plasmin. | A new fluorogenic peptide substrate for plasmin, 7-(N-succinoylalanylphenylalanyl-lysylamido)-4-methylcoumarin trifluoroacetate salt, was prepared that can be used in a simple and direct assay. The results obtained by the assay method are linear over a wide range of enzyme concentrations and sensitive enough to detect as little as 10(-5) CTA units of plasmin. By making use of the inhibitor Trasylol and the differences in kinetic constants, plasmin can be specifically assayed even in the presence of the plasminogen activator thrombin, as well as in culture fluids from HeLa cells. | 161,507 | [
0.1111945,
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0.250294,
-0.08472369,
0.4796121,
0.3847273,
-0.1245802,
-0.07786889,... |
Structure of heparan sulphate oligosaccharides and their degradation by exo-enzymes. | Oligosaccharides obtained from heparan sulphate by nitrous acid degradation were shown to be degraded sequentially by beta-D-glucuronidase or alpha-L-iduronidase followed by alpha D-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Structural analysis of the tetrasaccharide fraction showed the following. (1) N-Acetylglucosamine is preceded by a non-sulphated uronic acid residue that can be either D-glucuronic of L-iduronic acid, but followed by a glucuronic acid residue. (2) The N-acetylglucosamine in the major fraction is sulphated. (3) Very few if any of the uronic acid residues are sulphated (4). The results indicate that the area of the heparan sulphate chain where disaccharides containing N-acetylglucosamine and N-sulphated glucosamine residues alternate is higher in sulphate content than expected and that the sulphate groups are mainly located on the hexosamine units. | 161,508 | [
-0.1412888,
0.1754368,
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0.3633857,
0.1630316,
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0.2436775,
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0.2253209,
0.3159608,
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0.3723912,
0.2163689,
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-0... |
Guinea worm disease: epidemiology, control, and treatment. | Guinea worm infection is one of the most easily prevented parasitic diseases, but it is nevertheless a common cause of disability in rural areas of Africa, south-west Asia, and India. Infection occurs when drinking water is infested with infected Cyclops, a microcrustacean. Worms up to 70-80 cm in length develop in the subcutaneous tissues of the feet or legs and larvae are liberated to renew the cycle when an infected individual steps into a well or pond from which others draw drinking water. Infection is markedly seasonal because of (a) the influence of the climate on the types of water source used and (b) the developmental cycle of the parasite. The disability may be economically very important if the period of infection coincides with busy periods in the agricultural year. Sieving water through a cloth is sufficient to remove the Cyclops, but on a public health scale improved water supplies are required for control. Once the cycle of reinfection can be broken in any district the disease disappears. Chemical treatment of water bodies with temephos is also an effective and safe way of controlling transmission. Treatment consists of rolling out each emerging worm onto a small stick, a few centimetres each day, and certain drugs reduce the pain and pruritus and enable the worm to be removed more quickly. | 161,522 | [
-0.1545894,
0.04853331,
0.3427553,
-0.09648054,
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0.06873064,
0.07663569,
0.122447,
0.08967703,
0.538476,
-0.4006165,
... |
Complementation analysis of eleven tryptophanase mutations in Escherichia coli. | Nine independent mutants deficient in tryptophanase activity were isolated. Each mutation was transferred to a specialized transducing phage that carries the tryptophanase region of the Escherichia coli chromosome. The nine phages thus produced, and a tenth carrying a previously characterized tryptophanase mutation, were used to lysogenize a bacterial strain harbouring a mutation in the tryptophanase structural gene and also a suppressor of polarity. In no case was complementation observed; we conclude that there is no closely linked positive regulatory gene for tryptophanase. | 161,572 | [
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-0.02832396,
-0.03810159,
-0.1035045,
0.0418937,
0.2656579,
-0.0983276... |
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