title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Accelerated immune complex nephritis due to mesangial overloading in spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats. | Immune complex nephritis induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was superimposed upon spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR rats) which were pretreated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA accumulated predominantly in the mesangium, and the superimposed nephritis developed more accelerated glomerular damage with marked capillary deposition of immune complexes than control animals which were not pretreated with PVA. | 161,594 | [
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[Treatment of fractures of the femoral neck by primary femoral prosthesis (author's transl)]. | The authors have reviewed 230 case of fractures of the femoral neck treated by primary femoral prosthesis. The mortality was 12,6 p. 100 during the first three post operative months, and 16,5 p. 100 after three additional months. The infection rate was 13,9 p. 100, 4,7 p. 100 of the cases being severely infected. The postero lateral approach was more favourable than the antero-lateral approach. Late results were studied on 142 cases. The average follow-up was 4 years. The clinical results were closely dependent on the radiological appearance. When the prosthesis progressively penetrated into the femoral medullary canal incapacitating pain was always present. It is concluded that the use of cement may improve the results in a number of cases. | 161,638 | [
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The interaction between heparin and plasmin on amidolysis. | The effect of the interaction between heparin and plasmin not only on fibrinolytic, caseinolytic and esterolytic activities but also on amidolytic activity, since plasmin has amidolytic or amidase activity, was investigated. Following were the results obtained from these investigations: 1. Heparin enhanced amidolytic activity of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by activating plasminogen with urokinase within the range from 2 to 64 units/ml of the final concentration of heparin. 2. Heparin also enhanced amidolytic activity of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by converting plasminogen with insolubilized urokinase. 3. Heparin did not enhance or inhibit fibrinolytic, caseinolytic and esterolytic activities of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by activating plasminogen with urokinase, in the fibrinolytic activity within the range from 0.032 to 125 units/ml, in the caseinolytic activity within the range from 0.0125 to 100 units/ml, and in the esterolytic activity within the range from 0.016 to 128 units/ml, of the final concentration of heparin respectively. | 161,669 | [
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[Effect of the detergent Metaupon on replication of various phages]. | As several other surfactants do, the detergent Metaupon acts on the multiplication of bacteriophages. We investigated the influence of Metaupon on the phages phi and lambda, the cyanophage LPP-1, and the RNA-phages f 2, M 12, and Q beta by means of the agar diffusion test, pour plate test, adsorption test, and one-step growth test. The action of Metaupon on the free phages was also tested. Metaupon inhibits the formation of plaques by the phages with exception of lambda. With the phages f 2 and M 12 the substance increases the amount of plaques depending on concentration. The main mode of action of Metaupon was found to be the inhibition of the adsorption of the phages to the host cells. Only in the case of phi 105 free phages were inactivated. | 161,679 | [
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[Laparoscopy in chronic gallbladder diseases]. | The laparoscopy is the only riskless possibility of directly inspecting the gall-bladder, to ascertain the diagnosis of a chronic cholecystitis, further to consider the indications to internal or surgical measures. For the judgment the form of the gall-bladder, the behaviour of its wall with different colouring, oedema and furthermore its behaviour to neighbouring organs are of decisive evidence. In a disease of the bile-ducts the laparoscopy allows to prove or to exclude a participation of the liver. For the judgment of the activity of a disease of the gall-bladder should, however, always be used clinical and radiological findings, the microbiological investigation of the A-, B-, and C-bile and the testing of the reflex of the gall-bladder. This is necessary with regard to the therapy. | 161,681 | [
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[Study on mucopolysaccharides in human lung carcinoma tissue--characteristics in histological types (author's transl)]. | The mucopolysaccharides were prepared from human lung carcinomas of three histologically different types and the control tissue by exhaustive proteolytic digestion, quaternary ammonium chloride fractionation and column chromatography on Dowex 1 (Cl-). They were identified by chemical, enzymic and electrophoretic methods, as hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (ChS), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and over-sulfated ChS and/or DS. Qualitatively they were not differed in tumor and normal tissues. However, the amounts of whole mucopolysaccharide were much increased in carcinomas than those of normal control in order of squamous cell carcinoma greater than small cell undifferentiated carcinoma greater than or equal to adenocarcinoma. The increment of mucopolysaccharide contents in carcinoma are largely due to increased amounts of HA and ChS. Carcinoma-type characteristic pattern was also demonstrated in terms of relative amounts of non-sulfated (HA) and sulfated (ChS, DS, HS) mucopolysaccharides: In squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma sulfated mucopolysaccharides were predominant (73 to 78% of total mucopolysaccharides), whereas in small cell undifferentiated carcinoma sulfated ones were diminished (25% of total mucopolysaccharides). In normal lung tissue sulfated mucopolysaccharide comprised 64% of total mucopolysaccharides. The presence of over-sulfated ChS and/or DS, which have not until now been found in lung tissue, was higher in carcinoma tissue as compared to the normal control. Total glycopeptides which were derived from tissue glycoproteins and not in detail characterized in this study were decreased in carcinomas of any histological types as compared to those of normal lung tissue, when expressed by hexosamine content. Biological and clinical significance of mucopolysaccharides in carcinoma state was discussed. | 161,761 | [
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Permeability of muscle spindle capillaries and capsule. | The permeability of capillaries in rabbit muscle spindles, intramuscular nerves, and extrafusal muscle to intraaortically infused horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was studied. The permeability of the capsule cells of the muscle spindles was also examined. Immediately following the infusion of HRP, most extrafusal capillaries contained a dense accumulation of HRP reaction product, which began to escape into the surrounding extracellular space within 2-3 min. In contrast, the concentration of HRP in the intrafusal and endoneurial capillaries was much lower than that in extrafusal capillaries, and HRP was never found outside the former vessels. In addition, HRP never completely penetrated through the spindle capsule from the extracellular into the periaxial space, although it was regularly found between the outer two or three layers of capsule cells. The results indicate that the permeability characteristics of the muscle spindle capillaries and capsule to the tracer protein HRP are very similar to those of capillaries in peripheral nerve. | 161,798 | [
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Structure of cerebrosides. II. Small angle X-ray diffraction study of cerasine. | Cerasine having a molecular weight of 800 differs chemically from phrenosine only in the hydroxyl group attached to the fatty acid tail which is replaced by a hydrogen atom. Nevertheless, remarkable differences between both cerebrosides are detected in the lamellae periodicities. In the range of 23--66 degrees C just one single (instead of two) structure with a similar subcell to the triclinic one component of phrenosine detected. Between 66 and 87 degrees C three new components (instead of one in phrenosine) appear. Two of the structures are similar to the two phrenosine-components at low temperature and the tilt angles of their chains with respect to the basal planes can explain the stabilizing capacity of the 201 and 301 netplanes of the paraffin-like subcells respectively. These lattice planes are parallely aligned to the surfaces of the lamellae. The long period of 58 A of component II cannot be explained in such a way. This period persists up to 105 degrees C and coexists from 87 degrees C with a new component showing a 40 A-periodicity, which cannot either be explained in the above manner. Paracrystalline distortions of the arrangement of the bilayers can be justified by orientational disorder of the galactose heads. | 161,835 | [
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Radiation aggregates of insulin. | During the irradiation of aqueous solution of insulin (pH 1.8) the decrease of original insulin molecules and the formation of radiation aggregates of insulin was studied in dependence on the concentration of irradiation solution, on the doses and conditions of irradiation (oxygenated and oxygen-free atmosphere, the presence of t-butanol, addition of [14C]amino acids). From the results obtained and results published earlier it may be assumed that in irradiated solution on insulin new covalent bonds between insulin molecules are formed at tyrosyl, phenylalanyl and cystyl radicals; these radicals are formed by the action of both direct and indirect effect (at present pH 1.8 mainly of H atoms). | 161,837 | [
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Medical geography of Moldavia: historical contribution. | The role of Hungarian surgeons and physicians in the medical care of Moldavia was discussed in its historical development. Two medico-geographical works about Moldavia in the first half of the 19th century were discussed: Andreas Wolff and the Moldavian Constantin Vernav wrote the related books. | 161,878 | [
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[Delayed healing of colonic anastomoses after tumour resection (author's transl)]. | Local tumour recurrences at colonic anastomoses in an early, curable stage are rarely missed by double contrast enema. On the other hand, the variable appearances caused by inflammatory lesions, which delay healing of the anastomosis, are often misinterpreted as recurrences. Early post-operative investigation with a water-soluble contrast medium is therefore important. Small and transient leaks at the suture line may cause intramural inflammatory lesions with a variety of symptoms and may be confused with local recurrences. They are due to delayed healing at the anastomosis and will only be interpreted correctly if there is regular radiological follow-up. | 161,882 | [
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[The value of renal phlebography in the differential diagnosis of arteriographically hypo- or avascular lesions in the kidney (author's transl)]. | The present paper is an investigation into the diagnostic value of renal phlebography for differentiating between arteriographically hypo- and avascular malignant lesions in the kidney and benign renal masses. In three examinations carried out on eight patients with renal masses, phlebography was of crucial diagnostic importance. In ten renal cysts a presumptive diagnosis made by arteriography was confirmed by phlebography. In another eight renal cysts, a case of haemorrhagic pyelitis and in two cases of unilateral pseudotumerous pyelonephritis, phlebography was of no value. | 161,886 | [
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[The Mirizzi syndrome as a cause of obstructive jaundice--its demonstration by sonography and PTC (author's transl)]. | Two patients with the Mirizzi syndrome are described and the findings on sonography and PTC care discussed. The difficulties of differentiating this from biliary obstruction due to tumour are stressed and treatment and prognosis are set out. | 161,888 | [
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[CT findings in brain abscesses (author's transl)]. | Seventeen patients with brain abscesses are reported, some with multiple lesions. The computer tomographic criteria for the diagnosis with and without enhancement are described. The advantages of computer tomography compared with other neuroradiological methods for the diagnosis and follow-up of abscesses is stressed. Good therapeutic results have been obtained from simple puncture of the lesion. | 161,894 | [
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[The effect of selective autoperfusion through an extracorporeal circulation on the formation of arterial collaterals. Animal experimental results (author's transl)]. | In 11 mongrel dogs (10-15 kg) with ligated superficial femoral arteries the formation of collaterals induced by increased arterial pressure with an extracorporal circulation was studied. In general anesthesia a teflon tube was inserted into one deep femoral artery. The other end of this tube war introduced through the right carotid artery into the thoracic aorta and arterial blood was drawn by a peristaltic tube pump from the aorta to the femoral artery. Different arterial pressures created by the pump were used to perfuse this hind limb. After 40 minutes perfusion time with 200 mmHG pressure, there was marked increase of collateralization by the deep femoral artery. At the contralateral non treated side, only minimal development of collaterals was visualized. These angiograms demonstrate that collaterals are opened by increased pressure within a short time interval The experimental model might have clinical implisations and accelerate collateral formation in non-surgical treatment of arterial occlusive disease. | 161,897 | [
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[Investigation of house-dust allergy in children (author's transl)]. | Authors were studying the relationship between the history data, the diagnostic difficulties, the skin tests and ventilatory functions after provocative inhalation and specific IgE positivity in connection with 40 cases of bronchial asthma. The most important feature of the treatment is the specific hyposensibilisation, which was performed by a depot house-dust preparation, manufactured by the Vaccine Producing Institute "Human", Budapest. Full success was given in 61,1% of the treated asthmatics. | 161,948 | [
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[Bronchiectasis and definitive assisted ventilation (author's transl)]. | A 39 year old female with severe respiratory insufficiency by bronchiectasis is treated by assisted ventilation at home. Indication is discussed. | 162,011 | [
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Muscle spindles in the human anterior digastric muscle. | The occurrence of muscle spindles in the anterior digastric muscle in man was investigated and the fibre calibre spectrum of the corresponding nerve was determined. After removal at autopsy from five individuals of both sexes (aged 23--73), the muscles were stained with Weigert's iron hematoxylin-van Gieson stain and the nerves according to the Alzheimer - Mann - Häggqvist method. Altogether 12 spindles were found in five out of ten muscles. Only muscles from one individual were devoid of spindles. This sparsity or absence was supported by analyses of fibre calibre spectra. The small number of spindles and the fact that they do not occur in all muscles or in all individuals, suggest that they are not an essential source of sensory information. | 162,026 | [
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[The influence of climatic treatment on the levels of complement and some lysosomal enzymes in serum of patients with asthma bronchiale (author's transl)]. | It was found that the levels of CH50, C3, complement component. lysozyme, beta-D-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase were increased in blood serum of patients with asthma bronchiale during a climatic treatment in the highmountain condition of Strbské Pleso (altitude 1,350 m). The increase of CH50 was monophasic, while the changes of other factors were biphasic--increasing at the beginning and falling down to the starting values at the end of the treatment. The changes observed are a part of the adaptation of organism to the high-mountain condition. | 162,027 | [
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[Cross reaction of specific IgE antibodies directed against cow's milk and bovine hair (author's transl)]. | Sera of 25 children living in town were examined by means of RAST on the presence of IgE antibody against milk and cow's hair antigens. 18 cases had IgE antibodies reacting with milk and 9 with cow's hair. There was correlation between the levels of these antibodies with the exception of two cases. The results give evidence that half of the asthmatic children allergic to milk will react with bronchospasm in the cases if they ar exposed to inhalation of cow's hair. | 162,028 | [
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Metallothionein: an exceptional metal thiolate protein. | Metallothioneins are unusual, low molecular weight proteins of extremely high sulphur and metabl content. They occur in substantial quantity and in multiple variant forms in parenchymatous tissues (liver, kidney, intestines) of vertebrates and certain microorganisms (Neurospora crassa, yeast). They are though to play a central role in the cellular metabolism of metals such as zinc, copper and cadmium. All mammalian forms studied are single chains with 20 cysteinyl residues among a total of 61 amino acid residues and highly characteristic amino acid sequences. Their most conspicuous common features are seven -Cys-X-Cys- sequences where X stands for an alphatic residue other than Cys. Together with additional cysteinyl residues located elsewhere in the chain and brought into juxtaposition by appropriate chain folding, these dithiol sequences are believed to form the basis of the trithiolate chelating structures typical of most of the six or seven metal-binding sites of the mammalian cadium- and/or zinc-containing metallothioneins. The positions of the cysteinyl residues are preserved in evolution: the copper-containing metallothionein from Neurospora crassa, containing only 25 amino acid residues, has a distribution of metal-binding cysteinyl residues identical to that of the N-terminal portion of the mammalian chains. The detailed physiological role of metallothionein remains to be clarified but its biosynthesis is known to be modulated by nutritional and endocrine factors. Recent evidence suggests that metallothionein is a critical determinant in the homeostasis of zinc. | 162,047 | [
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[Occupational allergy to diazo-paper used in the textile industry (author's transl)]. | A worker of the textile industry showed an allergic contact eczema caused by diazodiethylaniline contained in diazopaper used in the manufacture of patterns. | 162,142 | [
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Free and total plasma tryptophan in endogenous depression. | The free and total plasma tryptophan concentrations were measured in 41 female depressive. Fifteen patients were subsequently treated with L-tryptophan. The free and total tryptophan were normal in the drug-free depressives and in the depressives on lithium. No significant in free and total plasma tryptophan were found between unipolar and bipolar depressed subjects, or between patients who recovered from depression following L-tryptophan therapy and patients who were resistant. The results suggest that the basal free tryptophan concentration in the plasma of depressed subjects is normal. They furthermore indicate that neither free nor total plasma tryptophan concentrations are valid predictors for the course of a treatment of depressed subjects with L-tryptophan. | 162,183 | [
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[Histological localization of hydrolases in the epididymis of the dog]. | Localization and activity of five hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and leucylamino-peptidase) were evaluated histochemically in the epididymides of mature dogs. In the ductuli efferentes, cilia and apical parts of the epithelial cells displayed high activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Strong activity of acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and leucylamino-peptidase was present in the basal and supranuclear zones of the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes. Stereocilia of all three segments of the ductus epididymidis showed a high activity of alkaline phosphatase. Positive adenosine triphosphatase reaction was confined to the stereocilia of the initial segment. A complex pattern of acid phosphatase activity was observed in the middle segment. The subdivision of the middle segment in four subsegments was therefore suggested. In the epithelium of the initial segment only a few nonspecific esterase-positive cells were seen. The infranuclear and basal areas of the epithelium in the middle segment and the supranuclear zone of the terminal segment displayed distinct nonspecific esterase activity. The possible contribution of the hydrolases to the function of the epididymis is discussed. | 162,221 | [
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Cellular growth of cardiac muscle after birth. | Present concepts concerning DNA synthesis in the heart have been reviewed, and a speculative theory presented involving control of DNA synthesis in the developing heart. Research describing DNA synthesis in myocytes of the weanling rat heart undergoing hypertrophy has been presented. Its possible use for testing the control theory is suggested. | 162,244 | [
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Changes in transcriptional activity during myocardial hypertrophy. | We have demonstrated alterations in the composition of certain groups of nuclear no-histone proteins which could account for the changes in template activity. Further identification of the individual proteins essential for this regulation will aid us in our understanding of the mechanism of myocardial cell growth during hypertrophy. We also have demonstrated the existence of several different RNA polymerase enzymes and have characterized them. The question of de novo synthesis or activation of preexisting enzyme remains unanswered. The delay in changes in activity which we found is also of great interest and may provide information as to the mechanism of increased RNA polymerase activity. The regulation of transcription can occur by changes either in the activity of the chromatin template or in the activities of the various RNA polymerase. Our studies thus far strongly suggest that during the development of hypertrophy both regulatory mechanisms are operative. Furthermore, this appears to be a bimodal function; initially there are changes only in the template and only later do changes in enzyme activity occur. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of this form of regulation of RNA synthesis in myocardial tissue. | 162,250 | [
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Modifications of liver lysosomes in diabetic rats. | Recently investigators reported ultrastructural modifications of rat liver lysosomes which probably correlate with an increased level of blood plasma glucagon in streptozotocin-diabetes. We are investigating whether biochemical changes occur in this condition. Lysosome fragility is increased in the hepatocytes of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Moreover the plasma activity of two glycosidases, B-N-acetylglucosaminidase and B-galactosidase, is markedly increased in streptozotocin-treated rats. Both these changes are largely prevented by insulin treatment. These findings support the idea that the morphologic and biochemical modifications of the hepatocytes, which are observed in experimental diabetes, involve the lysosomes showing an increased autophagic activity which is probably connected with enhanced liver protein catabolism. | 162,266 | [
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[Perforating injuries of the colon: primary surgery in their management (author's transl)]. | Thirty four penetrating wounds of the colon in 23 patients were treated by primary surgery. Location of the injuries on the colon, associated injuries and the nature of the missile had not affected the good quality of the results. These are encouraging an attitude towards primary surgery in the management of the colon injuries. Colostomies are still indicated for patients seen lately with severe peritoneal contamination or important lesions of the posterior abdominal wall. | 162,299 | [
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[Prognosis of infantile scoliosis (author's transl)]. | 35 cases of infantile scoliosis were studied most of whom were followed for more than 10 years. In 11 instances, the scoliosis was present in the new born. The results are compared with those obtained by other authors. The authors consider that the signs found at the first examination as described by Mehta are not reliable enough and that the subsequent evolution of the curve is important. They have observed totally regressive and partially regressive cases. They are also found that right thoraco-lumbar curves in girls were common. Criteria for a more reliable prognosis are put forward. | 162,303 | [
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[Infected total knee prostheses treated by Papineau's technique and arthrodesis (author's transl)]. | The technique of arthrodesis of the knee after removal of an infected total prostheses is described. It was used in four cases. In the first stage, the prostheses and cement were removed, the wound was left open and knee immobilized by Hoffman external fixation. Details of the fixation are given. The second stage of filling of the wound by cancellous chips was performed two weeks later. On average, the fixation was removed after seven months. Some mechanical experiments were made to establish the best type of fixation device. | 162,307 | [
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Effect of the fungal toxin (zearalenone) on the reproductive system and fertility of male and female rats. | The fertility-inhibiting effects of long-term (8 weeks) consumption of maize infected with a fungus producing F2 toxin (zearalenone) was studied in adult male and female albino rats. The fertility rate was further decreased by 25-30% if the animals were kept on contaminated diet up to 14 weeks. The gonadal weight was decreased, follicular maturation and spermatogenesis were disturbed. The toxic diet consumed by mothers during pregnancy and lactation induced permanent changes in reproductive organs, disorders in vaginal cyclicity and disturbed fertility in the offspring. Neonatal administration of purified F2 toxin provoked similar changes. It is suggested that this fungal toxin may cause sterility syndrome in the offspring, similar to that produced by androgen or estrogen administration. | 162,329 | [
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[Circulating immune complexes in patients with malignant diseases]. | Circulating immune complexes were determined by a solid phase C1q assay in patients with divers malignancies. In Hodgkin's disease (n = 20), immune complexes were detected only in two patients during chemotherapy. Both patients succumbed shortly thereafter. In patients with testicular malignancies (n = 18), immune complexes were detected especially in patients without evidence of metastatic disease. Sequential investigations did not reveal prognostic insights. Summing up these data and the data obtained in additional patients with malignancies, it is interesting to note, that patients with carcinomas have a significant higher incidence of circulating immune complexes with malignancies of the lymphatic system. Our data, however, do not exclude presence of other than C1q binding immune complexes. | 162,423 | [
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[A new insulin radioimmunotest and its use in the determination of anti-insulin antibodies]. | Acetylation of insulin with 3H-acetic anhydride resulted in the predominant 3H-labeling at the aminoterminal position of the B-chain (B1). The labeled insulin was unchanged in its immunologic reactivity as compared to native insulin. It was used in a second antibody radioimmunoassay for the detection of antiinsulin-antibodies in insulin-dependent patients with Diabetes mellitus. | 162,424 | [
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Psychosis as a predictor of response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar affective disorder. | Sixty-six bipolar I lithium clinic patients were studied for a history of psychotic symptoms at some time during the course of their illness. Agreement between different sources of information was calculated, and the patient population was divided into psychotic and non-psychotic subgroups. Probability of remaining well on lithium for the different subgroups was analyzed by the life table method. Psychosis during mania appeared to be associated with especially good early lithium prophylaxis. | 162,485 | [
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[Incorporation of H3-uridine in vitro into normal lymphocytes and those in cases of aberration of acrocentric chromosomes]. | Literature data indicate that the formation of ribosomes is a basic function of the nucleolus. The formation of the nucleolus depends upon the function of the nucleolus organizing region (NOR). It was shown that in man the NOR locus is situated in secondary constrictions and adjacent segments of the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes of the D and G group. The presence of DNA sequences coding for 18 S and 28 S RNA i.e. ribosomal RNA (r-RNA), was demonstrated in the secondary constriction of acrocentric chromosomes using the RNA-DNA hybridization in situ method. The genes coding for 5 S RNA which is also a component of ribosomes, are located on other chromosomes. Therefore ribosome production should be considered a polygenic process, the genes situated in the NOR locus playing a basic role in its initiation. In cases of acrocentric chromosome aberration NOR "dosage" changes; in cases of regular trisomy there are 11 NOR "doses" instead of the normal 10, occurring in 5 pairs of group D and G chromosomes, in cases of translocation trisomy there are 9 such "doses" and in cases of balanced translocation carriers there are 8 "doses". Hence the following question: do changes in the NOR "dose" cause changes in ribosome production? Eventual changes should influence the intensity and/or the time course of r-RNA synthesis in cells stimulated to growth and differentiation . An approximate index for the study of this phenomenon is the 3H-uridine incorporation in an adequate experimental system. It seems that the most convenient model to study this phenomenon is the blastic transformation of lymphocytes induced by phytohaemagglutinin. This process has already been investigated in depth and is well known, the material being easily accessible. Venous blood was taken from 10 patients with 21 regular trisomy, 2 cases of 21 translocation trisomy and from 21 carriers of balanced translocations. Lymphocytes from 12 healthy persons with a normal karyotype served as controls. Lymphocytes in plasma were separated from whole blood and a routine macroculture was set up adding phaseoline of standardized mitogenic activity in the quantity 0.02 ml/ml of medium. The cells were incubated for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. One hour before termination of the incubation period 1 microCi/ml 3H-uridine was added to the medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) | 162,529 | [
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Rectus hematoma: a clinical diagnosis confirmed by ultrasound. | In 2 women the diagnosis of rectus hematoma could be established by ultrasound and the further clinical course. Echoscopy is stressed as a technique which is helpful to the patient and the clinician in avoiding unnecessary operations. | 162,558 | [
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ATPase stimulated by Na+ or K+ in gills of the freshwater mussel Anodonta. | 1. Microsomal preparations from the gills of the freshwater mussel anodonta cygnea cellensis show Mg2+ -dependent Na+ - or K+ -stimulated ATPase activity, which is not inhibited by ouabain. 2. Na+ - or Ka+ -ATPase activity is decreased by Ca2+, acetylcholine, choline, and tetramethylammonium, but slightly increased by ethyl alcohol. 3. It is tentatively suggested that Na+ - or K+ -ATPase is involved in the mechanism of active monovalent cation uptake through the gills of freshwater mussels. | 162,590 | [
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Long-stay patients in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. | In September 1974 a study was made of all residents of the East London Borough of Tower Hamlets, aged 65 or more, who were known to have been receiving continuous medical and nursing care in hospital for more than a year. There were 91 geriatric and approximately 100 psychiatric patients, representing just under 1 per cent of the population over 65. Eighty geriatric and 15 psychiatric patients were studied in detail. Physical and mental incapacity were assessed on the basis of performance of practical tasks and simple tests of ability, and social incapacity from a study of social circumstances. Both geriatric and psychiatric patients showed extreme disability. Geriatric patients showed physical and intellectual incapacity, psychiatric patients intellectual incapacity. The commonest diagnosis among geriatric patients was dementia (70 per cent). Social factors, while unfavourable, did not in themselves account for prolonged hospital stay. The finding of only a very small number of long-stay patients handicapped by physical disability alone suggests that the majority of such patients are at home. | 162,614 | [
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A placebo controlled trial of viloxazine with and without tranquillizers in depressive illness. | Two double-blind four-way crossover studies are reported, comparing the antidepressant effect of 14-day courses of: viloxazine, viloxazine with a tranquillizer either perphenazine or diazepam or tranquillizer alone, against a placebo. In one study the antidepressant effect of viloxazine at a dose of 150 mg daily was statistically greater than that of placebo, whilst in the second study viloxazine was statistically superior to diazepam (15 mg daily). In depressed patients with a clear anxiety component, viloxazine alone seemed preferable to a combination with a tranquillizer as such a combination did not produce an enhanced clinical effect and the incidence of side-effects was possibly increased. Viloxazine was generally well tolerated and side-effects, when they occurred, were generally a mild upper gastro-intestinal disturbance. | 162,677 | [
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Management of ascending suture line sepsis by excision on the ascending aorta and insertion of a left ventricular apex to aorta conduit. | A new technique used in the management of infection of an aortic suture line following aortic valve replacement and subsequent episodes of severe hemorrhage resulting from suture line disruption is described. In a planned, staged procedure, a left-ventricular-apex-to-aorta conduit was inserted followed by excision of the supracoronary aortic root and ascending aorta, incorporating all infected tissue. This technique demonstrates that near total excision of the ascending aorta is possible and coronary artery flow can be maintained with only a minimal supravalvular aortic chamber. | 162,776 | [
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A multisomatic axon in the central nervous system of the leech. | There is one particularly large axon in the medial bundle of the nerve cord of the leech. It extends along the entire length of the cord and is connected to a single cell body in each ganglion. The cell bodies in adjacent ganglia are tightly electrically coupled, and dye injected into one cell body can diffuse along the axon and into the cell body of the next ganglion. If the nerve cord is cut between two ganglia, neither end of the axon degenerates. Repair of the axon appears to occur by end-to-end fusion. | 162,801 | [
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Interaction of amino acids and cyclic AMP on the release of insulin and glucagon by newborn rat pancreas. | Splenic lobes from the pancreas of newborn rats (48-64) hr. were used for the in vitro investigation of cyclic AMP, glucose and amino acid interaction in hormonal secretion. The slight discrepancy found in glucagon relaease with radioimmunoassay and binding assay to specific receptors in liver does not affect the ratio of stimulated to control values. The insulin release due to gheophylline dibutyrl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) or to arginine is glucose-dependent as in adult rats and provides an index for the validity of the preparations. Glucose alone is efficient in stimulating insulin release but does not affect glucagon secretion; however simultaneous addition of 10 mM arginine, alanine, and lysine (A.A.) or of arginine alone resulted in a higher glucagon release at 1.6 mM than at 16.7 mM GLUCOSE. Theophylline (5 mM)and dbcAMP (2mM) induced a 2=fold increase in glucagon release at low or hight glucose concentrations . Incubation of theophylline (10 mM) and A.A. or arginine resulted in a considerable increase in glucagon release. Potentation of the 3 A.A.-induced glucagon reby dbcAMP was about 1800% no matter what the glucose concentration; similar observations were made for insulin with a 700% potentiation of the 3 A.A.effect glucagon was released more effectively by dbcAMP than was insulin,whereas the reverse was observed with theophylline. These findings suggest that knowledge of the cyclic AMP content is essential when assessing the influence of substrates on glucagon release. The combination of substrates with cyclic AMP clearly demonstrated that potentiation of glucagon release occurs mainly with amino acids, whereas for insulin occurs mainly with amino acids, whereas for insulin release it is mainly glucose which potentiates release. | 162,877 | [
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Mutants of chinese hamster cells resistant to adenosine. | Chinese hamster cells do not grow in medium containing high concentrations of adenosine because pyrimidine biosynthesis is inhibited. Adenosine metabolism was examined in two mutant cell lines isolated on the basis of resistance to adenosine. One line was deficient in adenosine kinase suggesting that high intracellular AMP concentrations may block pyrimidine synthesis indirectly in wild type cells by inhibiting PRPP synthetase. Although no enzymatic defect could be identified in the other cell line, these cells inefficiently utilize adenosine supplied in the medium. | 162,911 | [
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Treatment of variola major with cytosine arabinoside. | A controlled study of the efficacy of cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of patients with variola major was performed. Cytosine aravinoside was given intravenously at a dose approximating 3 mg/kg of body weight every 24 hr for up to seven days. All nine patients receiving cytosine arabinoside and four of the 11 patients receiving placebo died. In three of the patients receiving cytosine aravinoside, death occurred late in the illness at a time when the patient's lesions began to dry up, the patient's temperature became normal, and the patient's general condition appeared to improve. The virus could be isolated from the blood at day 7 from three of four patients treated with cytosine arabinoside as compared with zero of six control patients. Hematologic data showed a depression in the number of circulating granulocytes. It is possible that the drug lowered the resistance to infection either through direct suppression of granulocytes or through interference with other immune mechanisms. Cytosine arabinside administered in the doses used in this study is not effective in the treatment of variola major. | 162,924 | [
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Comparison of exchange of alpha-tocopherol and free cholesterol between rat plasma lipoproteins and erythrocytes. | The simultaneous exchange of (3h)tocopherol and (14C)cholesterol between rat plasma, rat plasma lipoproteins, and RBC was studied in vitro to compare quantitavely (a) the fractional exchange rates and (b) the half-times for isotope equilibration. In all incubations of RBC with plasma or with plasma lipoprotein fractions, (14C)cholesterol approached equilibrium more rapidly than (3H)tocopherol. When the RBC contained the initial radioactivity, the half-times for equilibration with plasma of cholesterol and of tocopherol were 1.0 and 2.2 hr, respectively. However, the fractional exchange rates (KRBC leads to plasma) were 0.097/hr for cholesterol and 0.188/hr for tocopherol, indicating that the RBC tocopherol pool is turning over almost twice as rapidly as the RBC cholesterol pool. The rat plasma lipoproteins were separated into five fractions by successive ultracentrifugation. Only two fractions, the high density lipoproteins (d 1.063-1.21) and the very low density lipoproteins (d is less than 1.006), participated to a significant extent in the exchange of either tocopherol or cholesterol with RBC. Cholesterol exchange between individual rat plasma lipoproteins and RBC had the same half-times for isotope equilibrium for the very low and high density lipoproteins, and the RBC fractional exchange rates were proportional to the amount of cholesterol in the lipoproteins. In tocopherol exchange between individual rat plasma lipoproteins and RBC, the very low density lipoprotein tocopherol did not equilibrate completely with the RBC. However, the initial rate of tocopherol exchange appeared to be the same for very low and high density lipoproteins. The very low density lipoproteins were disrupted by repeated freezing and thawing or by dehydrating and rehydrating, and analysis of the resulting lipoproteins indicated that free cholesterol was associated more closely than tocopherol with the phospholipid-protein portion of the molecule, which is thought to be on the surface. This difference in distribution of tocopherol and free cholesterol within very low density lipoproteins could account for their different rates of exchange and for the nonequilibrium of tocopherol between RBC and very low density lipoproteins. | 162,930 | [
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Parametric studies of dorsal horn neurons responding to tactile stimulation. | Dorsal horn neurons responding to tactile input were recorded in segments L3-S2 of unanesthetized, low-spinal cats. Single units were characterized with regard to receptive field (RF) location, RF size and shape, spontaneous discharge rate, central delay, and convergence of four tactile afferent types. 1. RF size increased from the toes to the calf region. 2. Length-width ratio increased from the toes to the calf and declined from the calf to the hip. 3. The relation between RF size and position on the limb was independent of segmental and laminar location of the neurons. 4. RF size was positively correlated with spontaneous discharge rate. 5. The relation between RF size and shape and RF position can be interpreted in terms of regional variations in the magnitude of the gradient of representation in the dorsal horn somatotopic map. 6. Central delay was negatively correlated with both RF size and rate of ongoing discharge. 7. There were no statistically significant differences among the laminae with respect to central delay, RF size or shape, ongoing discharge, or convergence combinations of the four tactile afferent systems. 8. Data presented were at variance with Wall's laminar cascading model for laminae IV-VI. Our results suggest that the model should be modified, at least to emphasize monosynaptic tactile input to all three of these laminae. | 162,943 | [
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Radiocolloid scans in evaluating splenic response to external radiation. | By use of 99mTc-sulfur colloid, splenic size as well as liver/spleen ratio of ratioactivity was determined after external radiation of the abdomen. In six patients receiving about 2,000 R whole-abdominal radiation, there was no atrophy of the spleen or abnormal distribution in the liver/spleen ratio of radioactivity (that is, the spleen was still functional). Serial studies in a 7-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission showed that 1,450 R splenic radiation did not result in any appreciable change in the length of the organ. In a woman with lymphosarcoma, a change in spleen size did not occur until a dose of 1,800 R was delivered. Another patient had apparently normal uptake of radiocolloid 5 years after 3,600 R. Hence the normal spleen and the spleen affected by other diseases may be far more resistant to external radiation than the spleen diseased with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Spleen scans can be useful in documenting the response of the organ to radiation. | 162,950 | [
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A review of tumor antigens in gynecologic malignancies. | Evidence for the presence of tumor-associated gynecologic tumor antigens from our laboratory and others is presented. Tumor-associated antigens have been described for invasive carcinoma of the cervix and mucinous carcinoma of the ovary with cross-reacting antigens in malignant vulvar tissue. The provocative finding of a cross-reacting antigen in malignant cervical, vulvar and ovarian tissue raises the possibility of a common etiologic agent. The hope of the clinician is to utilize the tumor antigens in diagnosis and therapy. However, it is necessary to caution against overzealous acceptance so the carcinoembryonic antigen story is not repeated. | 162,963 | [
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Minimal growth requirements for Clostridium perfringens and isolation of auxotrophic mutants. | The minimal growth requirements for two strains of Clostridium perfringens were defined, and both synthetic and semisynthetic plating media were developed. Plate counts of the wild-type strains on both of these minimal media were equivalent to those on complex media. A number of auxotrophic mutants of each strain were isolated, and their phenotypes were defined. | 162,964 | [
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Dynamic scintigraphy of primary and secondary malignant intracranial neoplasms. | Dynamic images and arteriograms were reviewed in patients with proved primary and secondary malignant intracranial neoplasms. In 44% of the patients with glioblastomas and 23% of those with metastatic lesions, radioactivity appeared early in the dynamic imaging sequence. This was related to the presence of arteriovenous shunting on arteriography rather than to a tumor stain. Neither characteristic dynamic imaging patterns nor rapid arteriovenous shunting was seen in patients with astrocytomas. | 163,024 | [
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Irradiated lung cancer. An autopsy analysis of spread pattern. | The spread pattern was studied in 48 autopsied cases of irradiated, apparently localized lung cancer. Disease was found in the upper abdomen in 52%, in the brain in 8.7%; in the bones in 20.8%; and confined to the thoracic cavity in 27%. Radical irradiation controlled 38% locally. The pattern of metastasis in these irradiated lung tumors did not seem to differ from that of unirradiated lung cancers reported elsewhere. | 163,026 | [
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Endogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate in tissues of rabbits fed an atherogenic diet. | Rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet experienced a significant increase in plasma adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), which was simultaneous with the increase in plasma cholesterol. The content of cyclic AMP in atherosclerotic lesion areas of rabbit aortic intima-media was significantly higher (0.24 picomole per microgram of DNA) than that in adjacent nonlesion areas or in aortic intima-dedia from control animals (0.09 picomole per microgram of DNA). The cyclic AMP content of heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and diaphragm showed no significant elevation in animals fed cholesterol. | 163,039 | [
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Radionuclide angiography in juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx. | Radionuclide angiography was performed by intravenous injection of 99mTc-pertechnetate and recorded by serial gamma camera scintiphotographs. Its usefulness as a prebiopsy or preoperative procedure is demonstrated by two case reports of angiofibroma of the nasopharynx and it was also found to be useful for radiation therapy follow-up assessment. Radionuclide angiography offers a convenient and safe method to assess the vascularity of a mass and by this technique the surgeon may be alerted to the possibility of severe postbiopsy hemorrhage and also the occasional dramatic complications of radiological carotid angiography can be avoided. | 163,070 | [
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Inclusion bodies in a case of the classic sporadic form. | Postmortem light and electron microscopic studies of a 52 year old black male who died 17 months after the onset of upper and lower motor neuron signs showed: (1) degeneration of cortico-spinal tracts, (2) loss of spinal neurons and gliosis and (3) cellular inclusions with neurotubules, neurofilaments and granular material. Although these cellular inclusions resemble Lafora bodies, they differ in that, to the authors' knowledge, the latter were not reported to have microtubules. Review of the literature revealed no previous report of these inclusions in cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Tissue cultures of cord, hindbrain and cerebrum did not show cytopathic effect during a three-week observation period. | 163,072 | [
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Centronuclear myopathy: histochemistry and electron microscopy. Report of two cases. | In two new cases of centronuclear myopathy, histochemical findings included failure to differentiate fiber type with oxidative enzymes, the presence of core glycogenosis, and core acid phosphatase activity. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated autofluorescent lipochrome in fiber centers and nonspecific fiber injury in some immunofluorescent preparations. Electron microscopical findings included the observation of unusually small myofibrils arrayed between central nuclei. | 163,076 | [
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Magnetic resonance studies on the mitochondrial divalent cation carrier. | Measurements of water proton spin relaxation enhancements (epsilon) can be used to discriminate high-affinity binding of Mn-2+ or Gd-3+ to biological membranes, from low-affinity binding. In rat liver mitochondria, epsilon b values of approx. 11 are observed upon binding of Mn-2+ to the inner membrane, while internal or low-affinity binding remains invisible to this technique. Energy-driven Mn-2+ uptake by liver mitochondria results in the subsequent decay of epsilon. Comparison of epsilon with the initial velocity of Mn-2+ uptake in rat liver mitochondria reveals a linear correlation, which holds at all temperatures between 0 degrees C and 40 degrees C, regardless of the mitochondrial protein concentration. Consequently, enhancement appears to reflect the binding of Mn-2+ to the divalent cation pump. Binding of Mn-2+ to blowfly flight muscle also results in substantial epsilon, which is associated with the glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase instead of divalent cation transport. Consequently, no decay in epsilon due to uptake occurs after Mn-2+ is bound. Lanthanide ions are also bound and transported by mitochondria. Addition of Gd-3+ to pigeon heart or rat liver mitochondria results in epsilon b approximately equal to 5-6, which decays with similar kinetics in both systems. The uptake velocity of Gd-3+ in rat liver mitochondria is about 1/6 the rate with which Mn-2+ is transported. Lanthanides also diminish epsilon due to the addition of Mn-2+, and greatly retard the Mn-2+ uptake kinetics. The presence of carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone depresses epsilon upon addition of Mn-2+ or Gd-3+ and also uncouples energy-driven uptake. On the other hand, prolonged anaerobic incubation in the presence of antimycin and rotenone exhausts the mitochondria of their energy stores, blocks the uptake of Mn-2+, but does not affect epsilon significantly. Evidently, the uncoupler-induced disappearance of divalent cation binding sites is not the result of "de-energization". Measurements of epsilon at several NMR frequencies indicate a correlation time (tau b) for carrier-bound Mn-2+ in rat liver mitochondria between 20 ns and 4 ns as one varies the temperature between 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The 13 Kcal/mole activation energy for tau b suggests that the 11 ns time constant at room temperature represents the movement of the Mn-11-carrier comples. On the other hand, tau b is probably approx. 100 times too short to represent the rotational motion of a carrier protein. Apparently, Mn-2+ binds to a small arm of the carrier which moves independent | 163,099 | [
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Generation of spike trains in CNS neurons. | The membrane potential waveforms to be expected from many asynchronous inputs to CNS neurons are described, along with modes for repetitive firing through which the input waveforms are converted into spike trains. Area beneath a postsynaptic potential (PSP), rather than PSP peak height, is shown to be an important parameter susceptible to modification. Occasional crossings of threshold produce occasional spikes, but a sustained depolarizing waveform which attempts to hold the membrane potential above threshold elicits rhythmic firing. Firing rate is graded with the amount by which the synaptic depolarizing currents exceed the minimum current for rhythmic firing (approximately rheobase). A systematic sequence of alterations in the membrane potential trajectory between spikes, quite different from those of receptors and invertebrate neurons, may control the firing rate and give rise to sudden changes in the "gain" of this conversion of depolarizing current into firing rate. The different implications of synaptic location during the occasional spike mode and the rhythmic firing mode are discussed, as is the role of the antidromic invasion of the soma-dendritic region during rhythmic firing. Less frequently an"extra spike mode" is seen where depolarizing afterpotentials following a spike themselves cross threshold to elicit an extra spike, which may similarly elicit another extra spike, etc., in a regenerative cycle. The character of the underlying depolarizing afterpotentials (or "delayed depolarizations") is reviewed, along with theories for their origin from the antidromic invasion of the dendritic tree. The stereotyped burst firing patterns characteristic of the extra spike mode can also be seen in deafferented neurons and neurons studied in chronic syndromes such as epilepsy and central pain. This raises the question as to whether some disease states may augment extra spike firing, thus multiplying many-fold the response to a normal input. | 163,121 | [
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Utilization of triaryl phosphates by a mixed bacterial population. | A mixed bacterial population that has been isolated by enrichment culture is capable of growth on Fyrquel 220, a commercial triaryl phosphate lubricant, as sole carbon source. The mixture was dominated by a yellow, Gram-negative rod which made up greater than 60% of the mixture. However, all attempts to grow this organism in pure culture on triaryl phosphate were unsuccessful. The mixed population was also capable of growth on tri-o-cresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate as sole carbon sources. Viable cell numbers increased 20- to 30-fold, reaching a maximum after 72-96 h growth. Only a small portion of the triaryl phosphate was used for growth; the major part was emulsified and remained in the culture medium. No evidence of extracellular enzymes capable of triaryl phosphate degradation could be found in concentrates of the culture supernatant after growth, though traces of what may have been triaryl phosphate breakdown products were observed. Cell-free extracts of the mixed culture catalyzed the release of inorganic phosphate when incubated with Fyrquel 220, tri-o-cresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, or triphenyl phosphate, indicating the presence of a phosphotriesterase or of a phosphodiesterase of wide specificity. | 163,128 | [
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The evaluation of abdominal masses in children with emphasis on noninvasive methods. A roentgenographic approach. | Intravenous urography with total body opacification, and tomography as required, often give the most information toward evaluating abdominal masses in children. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive procedure which defines normal structures and differentiates cystic and solid tumors. The combination of these studies gives sufficient information about renal tumors to plan for possible surgery. Arteriography is not necessary for the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor, nor its surgical or medical management. Pseudotumor of the kidney is due to focal cortical hyperplasia. It can be diagnosed by nephrotomography, renal arteriography or renal scanning. The latter method is most accurate and has the lowest morbidity. Aortography is advisable in the evaluation of a patient with pheochromocytoma in an attempt to locate multiple tumors. Determining the extent of abdominal neuroblastoma by angiography and lymphangiography does not appear to influence the mode of therapy, not the survival rate; therefore, invasive diagnostic procedures do not appear to be indicated in neuroblastoma. Angiography is necessary in the evaluation of liver cancer. If one lobe is determined to be free of disease, lobectomy is a possible cure. Splenic cysts and choledochal cysts can be diagnosed by noninvasive methods such as ultrasonography or radioisotope scanning. Arteriography and percutaneous opacification are not necessary to make these diagnoses. | 163,141 | [
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Phospholipid biosynthesis: the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase in the developing lung and amnionic fluid. | The presented data suggest that PAPase may, indeed, be important in the biosynthesis of lung phospholipids. The observed increase in the specific activity of rabbit lung precedes the "surge" of phosphatidylcholine concentration and surfactant biosynthesis by at least 24 hours. In human amnionic fluid, PAPase specific activity was markedly increased in pregnancies of 35 weeks of gestation or more. The increase in the specific activity of PAPase preceded the "surge" of acetone precipitated phosphatidylcholine. The reported studies may provide an additional procedure to examine the problems associated with surfactant biosynthesis. | 163,170 | [
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Effect of luteinizing hormone and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on steroidogenesis in the ovarian follicle of the rabbit. | Mature ovarian follicles have been isolated from estrus rabbits and the effects of gonadotropin and cyclic AMP on steroidogenesis in this tissue determined. Gonadotropins used include LH, FSH, and prolactin; follicular levels of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and 17beta-estradiol in all experiments were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Incubation of follicles with LH in concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 50 mug/ml medium yielded increases in the total ng steroid/follicle. Five mug LH/ml gave a maximal response with no further increase in steroid concentration when the LH was raised to 50 mug/ml. Prolactin had no effect on follicular steroidogenesis while the stimulatory action of a FSH preparation could only be partially attributed to LH contamination. Cyclic AMP also proved to be a potent stimulatory agent in follicular steroidogenesis with maximal increases at 20 mumoles/ml and a decline in the ng steroid/follicle when cyclic AMP was raised to 30 and 40 mumoles/ml. The effects of LH and cyclic AMP proved to be nonadditive; incubation of follicles simultaneously with 5 mug LH/ml and 20 mumoles cyclic AMP/ml yielded steroid concentrations which were no different than levels following incubation with either agent alone. Taken together, these results demonstrate that both LH and cyclic AMP cause increases in radioimmunoassayable steroid in the rabbit follicle in vitro and that LH probably acts by way of a cyclic AMP intermediate. | 163,186 | [
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Enzyme histochemical investigation of an adenomatoid tumor. | Enzyme histochemical study of an adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis revealed an enzyme pattern identical to that of the rete testis. Histogenesis from the same primordium may be suggested. | 163,222 | [
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0.02968055,
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0.22180... |
Association of feline leukemia virus with lymphosarcoma and other disorders in the cat. | Two hundred fifty Boston cats with disorders such as lymphosarcoma, myeloproliferative disease, anemia, glomerulonephritis, pregnancy abnormalities, feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, and various bacterial infections were examined for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) by immunofluorescence. Antibody titers against feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) were tested in 133 of these cats. The tests for FeLV and FOCMA antibody were also conducted among healthy cats not known to have been exposed to FeLV, as well as among healthy cats from households where FeLV was known to be present. Most of the cats with lymphosarcoma and the other aforementioned disorders were infected with FeLV and low FOCMA antibody titers. Healthy cats known to have been exposed to FeLV were often viremic, but those that remained healthy were able to develop high FOCMA antibody titers. Healthy cats without known prior exposure to FeLV were unlikely to be viremic but often had detectable FOCMA antibody titers, indicating that some exposure occurs under natural conditions in the Boston area. The association of FeLV with infections other than lymphosarcoma was assumed to be caused by the immunosuppresive effect of FeLV, thus allowing development of disease. | 163,223 | [
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Fluorescent and spin label probes of the environments of the sulfhydryl groups of porcine muscle adenylate kinase. | The environments of the two sulfhydryl groups of procine muscle adenylate kinase have been investigated by chemical modification reactions. The results indicate that the environments of the two-SH groups of procine muscle adenylate kinase are markedly different and that substrates induce conformational changes in the enzyme in the region of the sulfhydryl groups. The fluorogenic reagent 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-chloride) reacts specifically with the -SH groups of the enzyme at pH 7.9. One thiol group reacts with NBD-chloride approximately 40-fold faster than the other one, and the fast reacting group has been identified as Cys-25 in the amino acid sequence. The similarity of the rate of the more slowly reacting Cys-187 with NBD-chloride to that of glutathione with the same reagent is consistent with its location on the surface of the enzyme as determined by x-ray crystallography structure. The fast reacting Cys-25 in the interior of the structure can be approached by compounds such as NBD-chloride via a cleft. Reaction of Cys-25, presumably located close to the catalytic center, leads to complete inactivation of the enzyme. Substrates such as ATP, MgATP, and ADP which bind to the triphosphate subsite of the enzyme decrease the rate of reaction of Cys-25 by factors up to 3.5 but have only a small effect (approximately equal to 10%) on the reactivity of Cys-187. AMP, however, has a pronounced effect on the reactivity of Cys-187, the slowly reacting group. The multisubstrate analogue P-1, P-5-di-(adenosine-5)pentaphosphate (Ap-5A) decreases the rate of reaction of the fast reacting thiol group by a factor of 300. The behavior of Cys-25 toward NBD-chloride, i.e. super-reactivity in the absense of Ap-5A and slow reactivity in the presence of the multisubstrate inhibitor, was characteristic for both porcin and carp adenylate kinase. In the presence of Ap-5A adenylate kinase can be selectively modified at Cys-187; the introduction of the fluorescent NBD group at this position has no effect on enzymatic activity. A slow transfer of the NBD group occurs from the third groups to the epsilon-amino group of Lys-31. This transfer reaction is further evidence that the structure of adenylate kinase in dilute solution is similar to that of the crystalline enzyme since the x-ray data have shown that the sulfur of Cys-187 and the epsilon-nitrogen of Lys-31 are less than 4 A apart. The strongly fluorescent NBD-NH-enzyme possesses full activity and binds substrates as. cont'd | 163,231 | [
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The interaction of inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes with 3-methylhistidine-57-chymotrypsin. | The inhibition of proteolytic enzymes by protein inhibitors is accompanied by the formation of unusually stable complexes. The recognition of a specific substrate-like amino acid on the inhibitor is believed to be the initial event of the inhibitory process. In addition to the interactions involved in the binding of a good substrate, a variety of other noncovalent interactions are known to stabilize the complex. The formation of stable complexes between several inactive derivatives of proteolytic enzymes and a variety of protein inhibitors suggests strongly that the formation of any species resembling catalytic intermediates is unnecessary for inhibition. We have examined the interaction between several avian ovomucoids and alpha-chymotrypsin in which histidine-57 has been converted to 3-methylhistidine-57. This derivative is easily prepared and can be isolated by affinity chromatography. Methylchymotrypsin retains unaltered its ability to bind specific substrates, but is essentially inactive. In spite of this loss of enzymatic activity, methylchymotrypsin forms strong complexes with several inhibitors. In addition, methylchymotrypsin which has been covalently linked to Sepharose is particularly useful for the isolation of protein inhibitors without the complications due to isolation of a mixture of partially cleaved forms of the inhibitor. | 163,242 | [
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Interaction of flavins with electron-rich metals. | A complex of the electron-rich ion Cu(I) with the flavoquinone analogue 10-methylisoalloxazine has been synthesized and characterized by x-ray methods. The complex is unstable to oxygen. It is black-green in color, in contrast with the bright yellow, orange, or orange-brown crystalline complexes of 10-methylisoalloxazine or riboflavin with Cu(II), Ag(I), and Pb(II). These results are indicative of strong perturbation of the flavin electronic structure by the Cu(I) ion and suggest that this complex is a reasonable model for incipient transfer of an electron from a reduced metal to flavoquinone. the crystal structure is orthorhombic, Pna2-1, with unit cell constants a = 31.24(1) (figures in parentheses are estimated standard deviations), b = 12.862(4), c = 6.239(2) A, Pobs = 1.76 g per cm-3 and Pcalc = 1.77 g per cm-3 for Z = 4 and asymmetric formula CuClO4-2(C11H8N4O2). HCOOH. The final R factor based on 1250 counter-measured data is 8.8%. The 2 independent 10-methylisoalloxazine molecules, A and B, bind strongly to the cuprous ion throug N(5) of each flavin. The copper is approximately linearly coordinated with an N-Cu-N angle of 153(1) degrees, and Cu-N(5) distances of 1.94(2) A and 1.92(2) A. The next nearest atoms to Cu are the O(4) oxygens of each flavin, forming weak bonds with distances Cu-O(4) = 2.27(2) A and 2.21(2) A for molecules A and B. The dihedral angle between the 2 10-methylisoalloxazine molecules is 65.4 degrees. | 163,244 | [
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Specific binding of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to nuclear components of chick intestine. | Specific binding of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to macromolecular components of small intestinal mucosa nuclei is demonstrated in vitamin D-deficient chicks. The nuclear 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-macromolecule complex was isolated on sucrose density gradients and sediments at 3.7 S in the presence of 0.3 M KCl. Agarose gel filtration of the nuclear component indicated an apparent molecular weight of 47,000. The nuclear receptor complexes could not be distinguished from previously described cytoplasmic 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-binding components by the ultracentrifugation and chromatographic procedures employed. The association of the 3-H-sterol with the nuclear component is thermolabile and is destroyed by treatment with pronase, but not by nucleases; the receptor component is therefore presumed to be a protein. The macromolecular-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol complex formed in vivo or in vitro at 25 degrees can be extracted from intestinal nuclei by 0.3 M KCl, but not by low salt buffers. Smaller amounts of the 3.7 S binding component can be detected in isolated purified chromatin or after incubation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[3-H]cholecalciferol with reconstituted cytosol-chromatin at 0 degrees. Following incubation of the labeled hormone with reconstituted cytosol-chromatin at 0 degrees, 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[3-H]cholecalciferol is primarily associated with the cytoplasmic receptor, After shifting the incubation temperature to 25 degrees, a progressive increase in the concentration of the nuclear receptor complex and a concomitant decrease in the concentration of the cytoplasmic binding component occur. Thus the 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol binding molecules appear to exist primarily in the cytoplasm, where they presumably function to transport the hormone into the nucleus. Experiments employing incubation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[3-H]cholecalciferol with reconstituted cytosol-chromatin from nontarget tissues indicate a requirement for both intestinal cytosol and chromatin for maximal formation of the nuclear hormone-receptor complex. These results suggest that the nuclear-binding component arises from hormone-dependent transfer of the cytoplasmic 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptor to intestinal chromatin acceptor sites. | 163,254 | [
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Electron microscopic studies of proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage. | Proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage have been visualized by electron microscopy of mixed proteoglycan-cytochrome c monolayers. The proteoglycan aggregates consist of proteoglycan subunits arising laterally at fairly regular intervals (20 to 30 nm) from the opposite sides of an elongated filamentous structure. The filamentous backbone in individual aggregates varies in length from 400 to 4000 nm. The individual proteoglycan subunits in the aggregate vary in length from 100 to 400 nm. However, there is no difference in the average size of the proteoglycan subunits associated with the largest or smallest aggregates. The sizes of the individual aggregates are determined mainly by the lengths of their filamentous backbones. The stoichiometry of binding of subunits to filament, calculated from the data reported here, is close to that for the binding of subunits to hyaluronic acid reported by others. | 163,258 | [
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Deoxypyrimidine kinases of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2: comparison of serological and structural properties. | The kinetics of formation, the stability at 40 degrees C and the serological properties of thymidine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase activities induced by herpes simplex virus have been examined. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that both activities are carried on the same molecule-a deoxypyrimidine kinase. Mutants deficient in deoxypyrimidine kinase have been used to produce, by absorption of general antisera, deoxypyrimidine kinase-specific antisera. Using immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, only one size of polypeptide (mol. wt. 42400 plus or minus 200) has been found, constituting the type 2 enzyme. This is close to published values for the type i enzyme but co-electrophoresis demonstrated that the polypeptide of the type i enzyme was slightly bigger. | 163,287 | [
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Effects of semistarvation on rat liver, kidney, and heart mitochondrial function. | Two groups of rats were provided simultaneously with a commercial stock diet for a period of 7 days. One group was fed ad libitum (control), and the other was restricted to one-fourth of the daily intake of control animals (semistarved). Body weight declined significantly in semistarved rats whereas body weight of controls increased over the 7-day period. The following were determined in vitro on mitochondria isolated from liver, kidney, and heart tissues of both groups: substrate-stimulated and DNP-uncoupled respiratory rates; specific acivities of the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases, and cytochrome c oxidase. Degradative effects of reduced food intake on mitochondrial function were observed. Uncoupled respiratory rates of liver and kidney mitochondria (using succinate as substrate) and heart mitochondria (using alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate) were lower. Also lower were activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADP: isocitrate dehydrogenases, transhydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase of heart mitochondria, transhdrogenase of liver mitochondria, and isocitrate dehydrogenase and transhydrogenase of kidney mitochondria. Such decreases in enzyme activities under conditions of dietary protein deficiency might have their basis in breakdown rates exceeding synthesis rates or result from partial inactivation of existing enzyme protein. Thus, there is evidence that responses to semistarvation of such parameters of mitochondrial function may differ among various tissues. In addition, liver and kidney citrate levels were lower and heart citrate level higher with semistarvation. | 163,302 | [
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Modification of nuclear restriction in vitro by plasma from tumor-bearing animals. | Putative regulatory macromolecules, which may be useful in diagnosis or tumor detection, were identified in the peripheral blood plasma of tumor-bearing animals. We monitored the components by measuring their ability to stimulate messenger RNA (mRNA) release from isolated nuclei in a cell-free system of rat liver nuclei in fortified homologous cytosol. This in vitro test system exhibited near-normal in vivo nuclear RNA restriction. When added to the assay at a protein concentration of 3.0 mg/ml, dialyzed plasma from rats or mice with chemically induced transplantable or primary tumors stimulated mRNA release from 87% to more than 300% over control plasma from normal rats. Plasma from partially hepatectomized rats stimulated only 26% over control plasma. The test system derived from rat liver seemed to permit the monitoring of plasma from other species. Available evidence, particularly relating to tumor-host-interaction, suggests, but does not prove, that regulatory components are released from the tumor cells to the circulation. | 163,310 | [
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Evaluation of dye exclusion and colony inhibition techniques for detection of polyoma-specific, cell-mediated immunity. | Cellular immunity directed against polyoma virus-induced antigen was observed with C3H/HeJ splenic lymphoid cells from mice sensitized by a short-term immunization schedule with syngeneic polyoma 4198 and 4198V tumor cells. Polyoma specificity of the response was shown by demonstration that splenic cells from DBA/2J animals with polyoma virus-induced tumors were cytotoxic for the C3H 4198 and 4198V cells, but not for the L-M cell, another cell line of C3H origin. The polyoma-specific response in the syngeneic system was detectable with the dye exclusion assay but not with the colony inhibition procedure. Colony inhibition with the L-M cell was observed with sensitized lymphoid cells in both allogeneic and syngeneic systems. | 163,318 | [
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Virus envelope markers in mammalian tropism of avian RNA tumor viruses. | Pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus were prepared with avian sarcoma viruses and avian leukemia viruses representing five different subgroups. These pseudotypes display a host range restricted to that of the avian tumor virus when assayed on avian cells and are neutralized by subgroup-specific antisera. The efficiency of penetration of mammalian cells was assayed by using these vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes. Pseudotypes of avian tumor viruses belonging to subgroup D and of B77 virus were able to plate on mammalian cells with a high efficiency, whereas pseudotypes of other strains were not. The efficiency of penetration of the vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes was 10-2-to 10-3-fold higher than the efficiency of transformation of the corresponding avian tumor virus strain assayed on mammalian cells, suggesting that there are postpenetration blocks to the expression of transformation in these cells. | 163,337 | [
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Products of complementation between temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40. | Temperature-sensitive mutants of the D complementation group of simian virus 40 exhibit delayed complementation. Analysis of the thermal stability, kinetic profiles in temperature shift experiments, and progeny of complementation have led to the hypothesis that delayed complementation is not true complementation, but the result of a very low level of leakiness, followed by phenotypic mixing of the progeny D mutants. This hypothesis is consistent with the proposal that D mutants are defective in uncoating. In the course of these experiments, it was observed that fresh medium suppresses the growth of D mutants at the restrictive temperature. | 163,338 | [
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DNA infectivity and the induction of host DNA synthesis with temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40. | Host DNA synthesis is induced when CV-1 (monkey kidney) cell cultures are infected at 40 C with wild-type virions or with temperature-sensitive Simian virus 40 mutants of the "early" complementation group A. Host DNA synthesis is not induced when cultures are infected with mutants of the late complementation group D. The simplest explanation for these observations, that induction depends not upon the expression of some early gene function but rather on the presence of an active D protein in the infecting virion, has been examined. Indirect experiments suggest that this explanation is not correct. Moreover, the induction of host DNA synthesis is impaired when cultures are infected with mutants of the A group at 42.5 C rather than 40 C, suggesting that the A function may be responsible for host induction. The inability of D virions to induce host DNA synthesis may reflect their inability to "uncoat" at 40C. | 163,339 | [
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Characterization of human papovavirus BK DNA. | The DNA of the BK virus (BKV) human papovavirus was found to be heterogeneous, consisting of at least four discrete species of DNA. Only the largest of these four species, BKV DNA (i), which has a molecular weight calculated to be 96% that of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA, was infectious. Homogeneous preparations of BKV DNA were obtained, however, from virions purified after low multiplicity infections of human embryonic kidney cells. BKV DNA (i) was shown to contain a single R-Eco RI and four R-Hind cleavage sites. The R-Eco RI site was localized in the largest R-Hind cleavage fragment. Radiolabeled BKV DNA reassociated slightly faster than SV40 DNA; 20 to 30% polynucleotide sequence homology was demonstrated between the genomes of BKV and SV40 when the reaction was monitored by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. | 163,342 | [
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Genetic transmission of endogenous N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses in low-leukemic strain C57BL/6. | Spontaneous expression of endogenous N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses was stu1bb), DDD (Fuv-1nn), DDD-Fvr (fv-1nn), (DDD or DDD-Fvr times C57BL/6)F1, and 16 partially inbredlines with either the Fv-1nn or Fv-1bb genotype, which had been established from hybrids between C57BL/6 and DDD-Fvr. When tested at middle age, virus-positive mice were found in C57BL/6, F1 hybrids, and 9 out of 16 partially inbred lines. N-tropic viruses were isolated from Fv-1nn, Fv-1bb mice, whereas B-tropic viruses, except for one isolate, were from Fv-1bb mice only. C57BL/6 mice were positive for both N- and B-tropic viruses, whereas DDD-Fvr mice were negative. With respect to the Fv-1 genotype and the presence of endogenous murine leukemia viruses, the partially inbred lines were grouped into five types: (i) Fv-1bb, both N- and B-tropic virus positive, like C57BL/6; (ii) Fv-1nn, virus negative, like DDD-Fvr; (iii) Fv-1bb, virus negative; (iv) Fv-1nn, only N-tropic virus positive; and (v) less convincingly, Fv-1bb, only B-tropic virus positive. These findings indicate that the transmission of N- and B-tropic viruses in C57BL/6 is genetically controlled and that the expression of B-tropic virus, but not of N-tropic virus, is closely associated with the Fv-1 genotype. | 163,359 | [
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Avian pox in Florida sandhill cranes. | Cutaneous elevations were present on the feet, legs and heads of four Florida sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis pratensis, (one free-living, three penreared birds). As a result of examination of the elevations by light- and electron microscopy, it was determined that the lesions were caused by poxvirus. This is the first record of pox in cranes in North America. | 163,382 | [
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Cytoplasmic inclusions in pulmonary macrophages of cigarette smokers. | Alveolar and bronchiolar spaces in the lungs of cigarette smokers usually contain numerous macrophages with pigmented cytoplasmic granules. By electron microscopy the pigmentation appears to be due, at least in part, to increased numbers of lysosomes and phagolysosomes. Within these cytoplasmic organelles, structures are found which we designate "smokers' inclusions", since they are observed exclusively in the interstitial and alveolar macrophages of cigarette users. The inclusions have been referred to by other investigators as "needle-shaped" and "fiber-like". Since cross-sections of the structures are never seen in electron micrographs, a fiber or needle shape seems unlikely. On the other hand, thin sectioning techniques impart varying lengths to the inclusions, suggesting that they have a disc, or platelet, configuration. Surgically resected lung tissue from smokers and nonsmokers was digested in hot potassium hydroxide. Digestates contained varying numbers of hexagonal platelike particles which had features consistent with those of the aluminum silicate kaolinite, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry confirmed the presence of these two elements. The origin of aluminum silicate inclusions in pulmonary macrophages has yet to be determined, although preliminary evidence strongly suggests that they are derived from inhaled tobacco smoke. The cytotoxicity of kaolinite in vitro and the possible role of aluminum silicate crystals in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis are discussed. | 163,418 | [
0.08690765,
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0.02626934,
0.054807,
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0.0959189,
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0.09340807,
0.4844669,
0.02350624,
0.4541005,
0.3538468,
0.08541316,
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Human muscle fiber fine structure: morphometric data on controls. | Muscle fiber fine structure was quantitatively analyzed in 70 longitudinally and 65 transversely sectioned fibers from 10 control subjects without weakness. The average mitochondrial fraction of the fiber volume is close to 4 percent and the mean size of a mitochondrion is about 0.1 mum2. The sarcotubular surface area per unit fiber volume is close to 1.5 mum2/mum3 in transverse sections and 0.65 times this value in longitudinal sections. Only one-third of all fibers contain lipid droplets in the sectioned plane, and for all fibers the droplets account for approximately 0.12 percent of the fiber volume. Variations with the age and sex of the subjects and with different muscles were analyzed and the feasibility of typing human muscle fibers at the ultrastructural level was evaluated. | 163,452 | [
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... |
[Study of the action of tolbutamide on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system in normal and obese subjects]. | Changes in plasma cortisol during the tolbutamide test were evaluated in normal subjects and in obese patients with a normal (D = 60,1 plus or minus 8,3) or reduced (D = 23,2 plus or minus 9,5) blood sugar decrease coefficient. Increases were noted in normal subjects (from 14,0 plus or minus plus or minus 2,9 mug/100 ml to 25,5 plus or minus 11,5 mug/100 ml) or in obese patients with normal D (from 15,7 plus or minus 5,1 mug/100 ml to 25,9 plus or minus 9,2 mug/100 ml), while no significant variations were observed in patients with depressed D. Though a direct corticosteroidogenetic effect and/or interference with liver metabolisation of cortisol (and increased clearance) cannot be excluded, the data suggest that increased blood cortisol following tolbutamide is secondary to the lowering blood sugar action of the drug. | 163,455 | [
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Multiple unit activity study of brain stem and limbic structures during environmental habituation and circadian rhythm. | Multiple unit activity (MUA) of brain stem, hypothalamic and limbic structures was studied during habituation to a novel environment and circadian rhythm in chronically implanted freely moving rats. MUA was analysed in the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), area hypothalami posterior (PH), basal nuclear group of amygdala (AMY), area septalis (SEPT), dorsal hippocampus (HIPP) and area hypothalami anterior (AH). It was found that in the novel environment MUA of all subcortical structures increased to a high level. During habituation MUA in each phase of wakefulness--sleep cycle decreased to stable low level both in brain stem and forebrain structures. Gradual decrease in MUA was characteristic to MRF, and a sharp decrease occured in AH and AMY. The environmental habituation proved to be a long lasting process in rat. During all phases of wakefulness--sleep cycle activity was significantly higher in the light period than in the dark, and MUA base level showed circadian variation both in brainstem and limbic structures. Close correlation was found between the actual MUA level and responsiveness to various sensory modalities both during habituation and circadian rhythm. The higher the MUA level, the higher the responsiveness, and a fall in activity was accompanied by decreased neuronal responsiveness. | 163,465 | [
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The discharge crisis: the experience of families of psychiatric patients. | Families of 16 psychiatric patients were interviewed immediately prior to discharge regarding the impending discharge of their relative, events prior to admission, and the families' impression of the hospitalization. Despite wide variation sample families' descriptors and differences in exposure to the treatment settings, there was a marked uniformity in responses. The families were not prepared for the discharge of their relative. In spite of their experiences and exposure to treatment, families continued to demonstrate tremendous uncertainty and lack of direction about the future with the patient. Families did not view the patient as ready to be discharged. They had not experienced an opportunity to express their views or participate in decision making. They did not consider the staff as a resource for themselves. | 163,471 | [
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Sleep and cardiac rhythm in the gray seal. | Telemetric studies of electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms, and electroculograms and concurrent observations of behavior revealed that seals can sleep underwater, on the surface, or while hauled out. Rapid eye movement preceded slow wave sleep and was accompanied by increased respiratory rate and rhythmic tachycardia. While slow wave sleep occurred under all sleep conditions, rapid eye movement occurred only when a seal was hanging at the water surface or hauled out, never underwater. | 163,484 | [
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The inhibition of c-AMP-phosphodiesterase by phenobarbitone. | The early effects of phenobarbitone, theophylline, thyroxine and of combinations of these drugs, on rat liver microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity, were studied, and the results were compared with the effect of phenobarbitone on purified c-AMP-phosphodiesterase in vitro. The stimulatory effect of phenobarbitone on hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity was found to be simulated by theophylline, and also by thyroxine. When phenobarbitone and thyroxine were used, the effect was approximately equal to the sum of the individual effects, but no summation was seen when phenobarbitone and theophylline were used. Phenobarbitone caused an inhibition of c-AMP-phosphodiesterase activity in vitro. The magnitude of this inhibitory effect was found to be dependent on the dose of phenobarbitone. The significance of c-AMP-phosphodiesterase inhibition by phenobarbitone is discussed. | 163,503 | [
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The sick-sinus syndrome in Africans. | Fifteen cases of the sick-sinus syndrome in young Negroes are presented. The etiology was unknown in all cases; organic heart disease was absent. The very high default rate suggests that the prognosis may be grave. This disorder is by no means uncommon in young persons in tropical countries and the dangers of a mistaken diagnosis of epilepsy or a psychiatric illness have been emphasized. In the absence of an artificial pacemaker, it is suggested that sympathomimetic drugs, while not affecting the heart rate, may be useful in reducing the frequency of syncopal attacks. | 163,570 | [
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Porcine malignant hyperthermia: effects of halothane on mitochondrial respiration and calcium accumulation. | Vastus lateralis muscle was excised from normal pigs and from pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. Anesthesia consisted of diazepam, N2O:O2, and a lidocaine field block. In the susceptible (MHS) pigs, respiratory control in mitochondria of excised muscle was normal, while electron transport was accelerated. Glutamate log Q3's and log Q4's were in inverse linear relationship to porcine weights. In the presence of glutamate, state 3 respiration was 3.5 times, and state 4 respiration 3.2 times, higher in MHS than in normal mitochondria (independent of weight or halothane dose). Thus, the MHS mitochondria were able to produce ATP more efficiently than normal mitochondria. In vitro, halothane inhibited glutamate Q3's and R.C.I.'s, slightly increased succinate Q3's and R.C.I.'s, had no significant effect on glutamate or succinate Q4's, and, moderately lowered glutamate and succinate P/O ratios. These changes were similar to those observed in normal pigs. Calcium uptake into MHS mitochondria was markedly less than normal but was not significantly altered by in-vitro halothane. These results suggest a mitochondrial membrane component for the defect of procine malignant hyperthermia since calcium is normally associated with the formation of the phospholipid lattice of this membrane. (Key words: Hyperthermia, malignant; Metabolism, mitochondrial; Muscle, skeletal, mitochondria; Anesthetics, volatile, halotbane; Ions, calcium.) | 163,600 | [
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Collagenolytic activity of some marine bacteria. | Reconstituted, acid-extracted collagen was used to prepare a medium to screen proteolytic marine bacteria for their ability to elaborate collagenolytic enzymes. The medium was resistant to solubilization by trypsin, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, and various marine proteinases, but was readily hydrolyzed by commercial Clostridium collagenases. Eighty-seven marine isolates collected in the vicinity of Bermuda, Oahu (Hawaii), and Stone Harbor and Cape May, N. J., were screened. Approximately 44 per cent of the isolates were capable of elaborating enzymes that hydrolyzed reconstituted collagen gels. Several cultures produced collagenolytic enzymes only when grown in the presence of collagen or degradation products of collagen, and with very few exceptions the presence of collagen in the medium greatly enhanced collagenolytic enzyme production. The enzymes from a collagenolytic Bermuda marine isolate were studied in more detail to illustrate that the enzymes capable of hydrolyzing reconstituted collagen were separable from nonspecific proteinases by zone electrophoresis and that these enzymes were true collagenases by virtue of their ability to hydrolyze native bovine Achilles'tendon obtained from three different sources. | 163,614 | [
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Absence of nyctohemeral variation in stress-induced ACTH secretion in the rat. | Changes in plasma ACTH concentrations were measured in the adult male rat following a stressor in order to ascertain if there is a nyctohemeral variation in ACTH secretion following stress. The immuno-reactive ACTH concentrations obtained following a 2.5-min hind-leg tourniquet at 0400 or 1600 hours in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals were compared to those obtained in anesthetized and unanesthetized, unstressed controls. Neither absolute nor increment change in plasma ACTH concentrations following morning or afternoon tourniquet stress were significantly different after either 20 or 40 min anesthesia. Moreover, plasma ACTH concentrations from unstressed, unanesthetized rats showed a slight but significant difference (p smaller than 0.05) at 0400 hours [118 plus or minus 18 pg/ml (mean plus or minus SE)] compared to 1600 hours (64 plus or minus 12 pg/ml) indicating a reversal of the expected ACTH rhythm. Plasma corticosterone concentrations in these same rats showed the predicted lower-morning and higher-afternoon corticosterone pattern suggesting a possible nyctohemeral difference in the adrenal sensitivity to circulating levels of ACTH. | 163,635 | [
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Autoantibodies with antilipoprotein specificity and hypolipoproteinemia in patients with cancer. | Sera from 151 patients with a variety of cancers were screened for antibody-like activity against lipoproteins. Eighteen % of the sera exhibited activity against autologous and homologous high-density lipoproteins and 3% exhibited activity autologous and homologous low-density lipoprotiens. Antibody-like binding was proven by its restriction to the Fab fragment of IgG. The reactive part of the lipoprotein molecule was shown to be the appoprotein. Quantiation of the serum lipoproteins indicated that thehigh-density lipoprotien concentration in the sera of cancer patients was significantly lower (psmaller than 0.01) when antibody was present. These observation suggest that autoimmune mechanisms may be responsible for the decreased high-density lipoprotein serum levels in some patients with cancer. | 163,682 | [
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Evaluation of irradiation-plus-urethan-induced murine leukemia virus "release" using a new method for quantitation of oncornaviruses in tissues. | The quantity of C-type RNA tumor viruses in homogenate-sonicates of thymus-bone marrow tissues of C57BL/6J and RFM/Un mice 10 days after irradiation (X-rays or gamma-rays)-plus-urethan treatments is no greater than that in thymus-bone marrow homogenates from nontreated control mice. These results indicate that the leukemogenic activity, shown to be present in such thymus-bone marrow homogenates at this time after irradiation-plus-urethan treatment, is not due to change in quantity of C-type viruses as has been proposed. Virus quantity in tissues was evaluated by a new procedure that includes use of a microchamber with the sides situated on rotor radii so as to produce a uniform virus-containing sediment of tissue homogenate-sonicate that is evaluated by electron microscopic examination of this sections cut perpendicular to the membrane surface. Samples containing as little as 105 to 106 viruses can be relatively easily counted. Semipurified or purified viruses can also be counted after mixing with a tissue homogenate-bovine serum albumin diluent. | 163,695 | [
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A mixed-immunoglobulin rosette technique for detection of antibody to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. | A mixed-immunoglobulin rosette technique has been developed for the detection of antibodies to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigens. Lymphoblastoid cells infected with feline leukemia virus were incubated with test sera and then fixed in paraformaldehyde. They were then exposed to a rabbit anti-cat immunoglobulin G serum. Antigen-antibody reactions were detected by mixing the cells with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with cat anti-sheep red blood cell serum; the presence of cat antibody on the lymphoid cells was registered by the formation of sheep red blood cell rosettes around them. The method was shown to be at least 10 times more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence. A high degree of correlation was shown between the mixed-immunoglobulin rosette and indirect immunofluorescence tests, using both feline leukemia virus-infected cat and dog cells as targets. The results indicate that the tests are likely to be measuring similar reactions. Using the indirect immunofluorescence test we found that 75% of cats with lymphoid neoplasia had no demonstrable antibodies. Twenty-four of such indirect immunofluorescence-negative sera were tested by the mixed-immunoglobulin rosette technique; antibody was shown in at least seven of these sera. | 163,696 | [
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The presence of histone H1degree in human tissues. | Histone Hidegree was found to be present in a number of human tissues. It constituted 50% of the total 5% perchloric acid-soluble histone in human breast, 35%in thyroid, 12 to 18% in adrenal, and 7% in parathyroid tissues. The quantities of histone Hldegree in these human tissues were large compared with the amounts found in rat liver (8%), calf thymus (0%), and HeLa cells (0%). Although the quantity of histone Hldegree was found to vary from one type of tissue to another, it was essentially constant in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human thyroid tissues. | 163,699 | [
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Vitiligo and dysgammaglobulinemia. A case report and family study. | This report concerns an 8 year old female with vitiligo and dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by absent IgA, very low IgG, and normal IgM. The t-cell immune system was intact but other family members had low levels or absence of IgA. The possible relationship of dysgammaglobulinemia and vitiligo is discussed along with the classification and inheritance of the immune cell defects. | 163,713 | [
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Age-related changes in glucocorticoid binding by rat splenic leukocytes: possible cause of altered adaptive responsiveness. | Splenic leukocytes of senescent rats (24-26 mo) exhibit a 60% reduction in cortisol-induced inhibition of 3-H-uridine uptake when compared to mature adult animals (12-14 mo). The degree of inhibition is directly proportional to cortisol dosage up to 2 X 10-6 M. Specific binding of physiological (nanomolar) concentrations of 3-H-cortisol by leukocytic cytosol macromolecules is reduced by over 40% in the older animals. Moreover, Scatchard analyses reveal 60% fewer specific glucocorticoid binding sites in the cytosols of cells from the senescent rats. Such analyses were performed in vitro at 0 C to eliminate metabolism of steroids. In addition, 3-H-dexamethasone was used instead of 3-H-cortisol to eliminate binding to plasma (or serum) transcortin. Inhibition of 3-H-uridine uptake requires specific glucocorticoid binding. The degree of inhibition at varying glucocorticoid dosages is proportional to the amount of specific binding to cytoplasmic macromolecules. Thus, age-related reduction in specific glucocorticoid binding sites may be at least partially responsible for altered responsiveness of splenic leukocytes to these hormones. | 163,772 | [
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Immunological comparison of various human pregnancy-associated plasma proteins. | Direct immunodiffusion comparison with specific antisera demonstrated that all of the four pregnancy-associated plasma proteins (PAPPs) described in our laboratory are distinct from the pregnancy zone protein (von Schoultz); alpha2-pregnoglobulin (Berne); pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein (SP3) (Bohn); new serum alpha2-macroglobulin (Stimson); PAG (Horne); pregnancy-associated alpha2-globulin (Kasukawa); Pal (McLaren), and Xh protein (Dunston). All the latter proved to be immunologically idnetical to each other, and apparently represent the same protein described under different names. It was confirmed that none of the PAPPs is immunochemically related to placental alkaline phosphatase. PAPP-A, PAPP-C, and the pregnancy zone protein, but not HPL (PAPP-D), showed a decreased anodic mobility when treated with neuraminidase; their reactivities with antibody were essentially unaffected by the ezyme, however. Certain detergents had no effect on the immunological reactivities of the PAPPs and the pregnancy zone protein in whole plasma, while butanol and desoxycholate partially, and urea, SDS and cetylpyridinium largely inactivated them. | 163,802 | [
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Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in yeast: effect of carbon source on leucine biosynthetic enzymes. | The three enzymes in the leucine biosynthetic pathway of yeast do not exhibit coordinate repression and derepression in response to the carbon source available in the culture medium. Growth in an acetate medium results in derepression of the first enzyme in the pathway, alpha-isopropylmalate synthase, and repression of the second two enzymes, alpha-isopropylmalate isomerase and beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, relative to the levels found in glucose-grown cells. The role of endogenous leucine pools as a mediator of these differences was investigated. The leucine pools did not differ significantly between acetate-grown and glucose-grown cells. However, an elevated endogenous leucine pool, caused by exogenous leucine in the growth medium, did decrease the rate of decay of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase activity observed when acetate-grown cells were shifted to glucose. Evidence is provided suggesting that an elevated endogenous leucine pool may increase the in vivo stability of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase under several different conditions. Studies on the kinetics of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase decay in vivo and sensitivity to leucine inhibition indicate that there are two classes of the enzyme in acetate-grown yeast cells. | 163,818 | [
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The generation of O2-by the interaction of the hemolytic agent, phenylhydrazine, with human hemoglobin. | Phenylhydrazine reacts with adult oxy- or methemoglobin in the presence of molecular oxygen to generate O2-. The mechanism of the reaction apparently differs in each case. The generation of O2- is monitored by following the reduction of ferricytochrome c or the oxidation of epinephrine. | 163,828 | [
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Macrophages activated in vitro with lymphocyte mediators kill neoplastic but not normal cells. | Normal guinea pig macrophages incubated for 3 days in vitro with mediator-rich lymphocyte supernatants become cytotoxic for the syngeneic tumors, line 1 hepatoma and MCA-25 fibrosarcoma. Under identical experimental conditions the survival of two normal syngeneic cell types, fibroblasts and kidney cells, was not affected. The activating supernatants were prepared by stimulating sensitized lymphocyte cultures with an antigen unrelated to the target cells. Therefore, this type of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity appears to be nonspecific but restricted to cells with malignant growth capacities. | 163,856 | [
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Mechanism of the suppressive effect of interferon on antibody synthesis in vivo. | Mouse interferon preparations significantly suppress the in vivo antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and to Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a thymus-independent antigen. It is also possible to effect the late responses of antigen sensitive "memory" cells observed during secondary immunization by administration of interferon prior to primary immunization. The immunosuppressive activity of interferon was time- and dose-dependent. Maximum suppression was produced when animals were given 1.5 times 10-5 units of interferon between 4 and 48 hr before antigenic stimulation. These findings suggested that interferon affects some early event(s) in the process of antibody synthesis which might be related to the general inhibitory effect of interferon on rapidly dividing cells and viral m-RNA translation. In addition, the use of nonadherent spleen cell cultures from interferon-treated mice, immunized in vitro with a thymus-independent antigen, indicated that in this situation the inhibitory effect of interferon was due to an action on B lymphocytes. A variety of soluble "suppressive" factors are secreted by T cells as a consequence of activation by mitogens or specific antigens in vitro. Since T cells are recognized as one of the sources of interferon, it is suggested that interferon should be investigated as a suppressor T cell-produced lymphokine which can regulate B cell expression. | 163,863 | [
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