text stringlengths 1 2.7k | source stringlengths 21 174 |
|---|---|
One month later work began on digging out a pit to house the ride's hydraulic system. In late August, pieces of track began arriving in Sea World's car park. This continued throughout September. | Wikipedia - Jet Rescue - History |
In late September, vertical construction started with a portion of the station and brake run being completed. In late October, construction of the track was completed. Throughout November, work focused on the construction of theming elements including rocks as well as the ride's station. | Wikipedia - Jet Rescue - History |
In late November, the ride was officially announced to the public. In early December, testing began on the ride. On 26 December 2008, Jet Rescue officially opened to the public. Within the first month of Jet Rescue operating, it was closed several times to fix a variety of problems with its operation. | Wikipedia - Jet Rescue - History |
In the first half of 2012, Plumley successfully crowdfunded A$27,000 through the website Pozible to fund a three-month cross-Australia road trip and art project. Plumley was A$10,000 short of her A$25,000 goal until Hugh Jackman, Amanda Palmer, and Neil Gaiman tweeted their support for the project. The project was succ... | Wikipedia - Fee Plumley - reallybigroadtrip |
The goal of the project is to collaboratively make and share digital art with Australian and international "nomads" in residence and the people they meet along the journey. Plumley used the funding for travel costs and to purchase a bus which was outfitted with technological equipment, becoming a mobile workshop, exhib... | Wikipedia - Fee Plumley - reallybigroadtrip |
In the first half of 2016, Thailand imported 11.13 million tonnes of coal, up 3.5 percent from 10.76 million metric tonnes (mt) in the first half of 2015. Indonesia and Australia supplied 5.6 million tonnes of bituminous coal and 5.5 million tonnes of "other" coal. China and Russia supplied 47,395 tonnes of anthracite ... | Wikipedia - Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand - Fossil fuel consumption |
EGAT accounts for "...most of the country's domestic lignite production, which is mainly supplied to its own power plants." Coal-fired power plants consumed 10.31 million mt of coal and lignite from January to May 2016, or 60.9 percent of the total, rising 11.4 percent year on year.In 2017, Thailand imported 22.18 mill... | Wikipedia - Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand - Fossil fuel consumption |
The country consumed a total of 39.07 million mt of coal and lignite, up 0.9 percent. Coal-fired power plants consumed 23.73 million mt of the total, down 4.2 percent from 2016. Other industries consumed the remainder.While EGAT pushes forward with plans for coal-fired generating plants, many countries are spurning coa... | Wikipedia - Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand - Fossil fuel consumption |
In the first half of his life, von Braun was a nonpracticing, "perfunctory" Lutheran, whose affiliation was nominal and not taken seriously. As described by Ernst Stuhlinger and Frederick I. Ordway III: "Throughout his younger years, von Braun did not show signs of religious devotion, or even an interest in things rela... | Wikipedia - Wernher von Braun - Religious conversion |
In 1946,: 469 he attended church in El Paso, El Paso County, Texas, and underwent a religious conversion to Evangelical Christianity. In an unnamed religious magazine he stated: One day in Fort Bliss, a neighbor called and asked if I would like to go to church with him. | Wikipedia - Wernher von Braun - Religious conversion |
I accepted, because I wanted to see if the American church was just a country club as I'd been led to expect. Instead, I found a small, white frame building...in the hot Texas sun on a browned-grass lot...Together, these people make a live, vibrant community. This was the first time I really understood that religion wa... | Wikipedia - Wernher von Braun - Religious conversion |
To be effective, a religion has to be backed up by discipline and effort. On the motives behind this conversion, Michael J. Neufeld is of the opinion that he turned to religion "to pacify his own conscience", and University of Southampton scholar Kendrick Oliver said that von Braun was presumably moved "by a desire to ... | Wikipedia - Wernher von Braun - Religious conversion |
He publicly spoke and wrote about the complementarity of science and religion, the afterlife of the soul, and his belief in God. He stated, "Through science man strives to learn more of the mysteries of creation. Through religion he seeks to know the Creator." He was interviewed by the Assemblies of God pastor C. M. Wa... | Wikipedia - Wernher von Braun - Religious conversion |
In the first half of the 15th century, Nicholas of Cusa challenged the then widely accepted philosophies of Aristotelianism, envisioning instead an infinite universe whose center was everywhere and circumference nowhere, and moreover teeming with countless stars. He also predicted that neither were the rotational orbit... | Wikipedia - Giordano Bruno - Contemporary cosmological beliefs |
However he maintained the Ptolemaic hypothesis that the orbits of the planets were composed of perfect circles—deferents and epicycles—and that the stars were fixed on a stationary outer sphere.Despite the widespread publication of Copernicus' work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, during Bruno's time most educated ... | Wikipedia - Giordano Bruno - Contemporary cosmological beliefs |
Ptolemy had numbered these at 1,022, grouped into 48 constellations. The planets were each fixed to a transparent sphere.Few astronomers of Bruno's time accepted Copernicus's heliocentric model. Among those who did were the Germans Michael Maestlin (1550–1631), Christoph Rothmann, Johannes Kepler (1571–1630); the Engli... | Wikipedia - Giordano Bruno - Contemporary cosmological beliefs |
In the first half of the 16th century the ritual, of either Western or Byzantine origin, emerged in Novgorod, where the Archbishop of Novgorod and the namestnik played the key roles. Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow, imported the custom into Moscow. The first attested donkey walk attended by Macarius and by Tsar Ivan t... | Wikipedia - Donkey walk - Contemporary accounts |
Western visitors left descriptions of the procession as it played out before the 1598-1613 Time of Troubles: One of the Emperours noble men leadeth the horse by the head, but the Emperour himselfe goying on foote, leadeth the horse by the ends of the reine of his bridle with one of his handes, and in the other of his h... | Wikipedia - Donkey walk - Contemporary accounts |
Here is where the most illustrious princely, noble and merchant families live. Here is, also, the main muscovite marketplace: the trading square is built as a brick rectangle, with twenty lanes on each side where the merchants have their shops and cellars... Templum S. Trinitatis, etiam Hierusalem dicitur; ad quo Palma... | Wikipedia - Donkey walk - Contemporary accounts |
Frol's (Saviour's) Gate and ended at Trinity Cathedral, popularly known simply as Jerusalem. For these processions the Kremlin itself became an open-air temple, properly oriented from its "narthex" (Cathedral Square) in the west, through the "royal doors" (Saviour's Gate), to "sanctuary" (Trinity Cathedral) in the east... | Wikipedia - Donkey walk - Contemporary accounts |
In the first half of the 17th century, Japanese authorities sporadically persecuted Christians, with some executions seeing persons being burnt alive. At Nagasaki in 1622 some 25 monks were burnt alive, and in Edo in 1624, 50 Christians were burnt alive. | Wikipedia - Death by burning - Japanese persecution of Christians |
In the first half of the 17th century, René Descartes' mechanical philosophy encouraged the use of the metaphor of the universe as a machine, a concept that would come to characterise the scientific revolution. Between 1650 and 1800, some naturalists, such as Benoît de Maillet, produced theories that maintained that th... | Wikipedia - Proto-evolutionary biologist - Renaissance and Enlightenment |
In 1751, Pierre Louis Maupertuis veered toward more materialist ground. He wrote of natural modifications occurring during reproduction and accumulating over the course of many generations, producing races and even new species, a description that anticipated in general terms the concept of natural selection.Maupertuis'... | Wikipedia - Proto-evolutionary biologist - Renaissance and Enlightenment |
The ideas of Ray and other 17th-century taxonomists were influenced by natural theology and the argument from design.The word evolution (from the Latin evolutio, meaning "to unroll like a scroll") was initially used to refer to embryological development; its first use in relation to development of species came in 1762,... | Wikipedia - Proto-evolutionary biologist - Renaissance and Enlightenment |
He further speculated that the 200 or so species of mammals then known might have descended from as few as 38 original animal forms. Buffon's evolutionary ideas were limited; he believed each of the original forms had arisen through spontaneous generation and that each was shaped by "internal moulds" that limited the a... | Wikipedia - Proto-evolutionary biologist - Renaissance and Enlightenment |
Another French philosopher, Denis Diderot, also wrote that living things might have first arisen through spontaneous generation, and that species were always changing through a constant process of experiment where new forms arose and survived or not based on trial and error; an idea that can be considered a partial ant... | Wikipedia - Proto-evolutionary biologist - Renaissance and Enlightenment |
In the first half of the 18th century the white-crowned pigeon was described and illustrated by several naturalists including John Ray in 1713, Hans Sloane in 1725 and Mark Catesby in 1731. When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the white-crowned p... | Wikipedia - White-crowned pigeon - Taxonomy |
Although Linnaeus gave the location as North America, the type locality is taken to be the Bahamas following Catesby. The species is now placed in the genus Patagioenas that was introduced by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1853 with the white-crowned pigeon as the type species. The species is monotypic: no... | Wikipedia - White-crowned pigeon - Taxonomy |
In the first half of the 18th-century, three French plays were produced with the title "Pandora's Box" (La Boîte – or Boëte – de Pandore). In each of these, the main interest is in the social and human effects of the evils released from the box and in only one of them does Pandora figure as a character. The 1721 play b... | Wikipedia - Pandora's box - Theatre |
At its opening, Mercury has been sent in the guise of Harlequin to check whether the box given by Jupiter to the animated statue Pandora has been opened. He proceeds to stir up disruption in her formerly happy village, unleashing ambition, competition, greed, envy, jealousy, hatred, injustice, treachery and ill-health.... | Wikipedia - Pandora's box - Theatre |
The play by Philippe Poisson (1682-1743) was a one-act verse comedy first produced in 1729. There Mercury visits the realm of Pluto to interview the ills shortly to be unleashed on mankind. The characters Old Age, Migraine, Destitution, Hatred, Envy, Paralysis, Quinsy, Fever and Transport (emotional instability) report... | Wikipedia - Pandora's box - Theatre |
They are preceded by Love, who argues that he deserves to figure among them as a bringer of social disruption. The later play of 1743 was written by Pierre Brumoy and subtitled "curiosity punished" (la curiosité punie). The three-act satirical verse comedy is set in the home of Epimetheus and the six children recently ... | Wikipedia - Pandora's box - Theatre |
Mercury comes on a visit, bringing the fatal box with him. In it are the evils soon to subvert the innocence of the new creations. Firstly seven flatterers: the Genius of Honours, of Pleasures, Riches, Gaming (pack of cards in hand), Taste, Fashion (dressed as Harlequin) and False Knowledge. | Wikipedia - Pandora's box - Theatre |
These are followed by seven bringers of evil: envy, remorse, avarice, poverty, scorn, ignorance and inconstancy. The corrupted children are rejected by Prometheus but Hope arrives at the end to bring a reconciliation. It is evident from these plays that, in France at least, blame had shifted from Pandora to the trickst... | Wikipedia - Pandora's box - Theatre |
In the first half of the 1930s, Roerich translated two volumes of H.P. Blavatsky's fundamental work The Secret Doctrine from English to Russian. A special place in Roerich's creativity belongs to her epistolary heritage. | Wikipedia - Helena Roerich - Later life |
She corresponded with more than 140 persons over several continents. Among Roerich's correspondents were friends, followers, cultural workers and political figures. In her letters, Roerich answered numerous questions, explained the most complex philosophical and scientific problems, and the foundations of the Living Et... | Wikipedia - Helena Roerich - Later life |
She wrote about the great Laws of the Cosmos, the meaning of human life, the importance of culture for human evolution, and the Great Teachers.In 1940, a two-volume edition of Letters of Helena Roerich was published in Riga. A complete set of Roerich's letters is published by the International Centre of the Roerichs, w... | Wikipedia - Helena Roerich - Later life |
Roerich in 1990. During N.K. Roerich's Manchurian expedition, she had corresponded with international organizations and coordinated activity to support the Roerich Pact, an international agreement for protection of artistic and scientific institutions and historical monuments. | Wikipedia - Helena Roerich - Later life |
As a result of this work, the Roerich Pact was signed on 15 April 1935 by heads of 22 countries.In January 1948, after her husband's death, Roerich, together with her elder son, moved to Delhi and then to Khandala, Bombay, where they waited for a steam ship from Russia with their entrance visas. But Russia denied their... | Wikipedia - Helena Roerich - Later life |
In the first half of the 19th century "dissolving views" were a popular type of magic lantern show, mostly showing landscapes gradually dissolving from a day to night version or from summer to winter. Other uses are known, for instance Henry Langdon Childe showed groves transforming into cathedrals.The 1910 short film ... | Wikipedia - Morphing - Matched dissolves |
In the first half of the 19th century, an additional, somewhat smaller, timbered house was built on the property behind the house. Five families temporarily lived in the multi-storey front and back buildings. Three tailors and one shoemaker also had their shops here. In 1836 the entrance door was widened and replaced w... | Wikipedia - Beethoven House - 19th century |
After the back part of the house was identified as Beethoven's birthplace around 1840 by Beethoven's friend Franz Gerhard Wegeler, a physician, and Carl Moritz Kneisel, a teacher, the new owner opened a restaurant on the ground floor in 1873 with the name Beethoven's Geburtshaus (Beethoven's birthplace). A beer and con... | Wikipedia - Beethoven House - 19th century |
The Beethoven Haus association, founded in 1889 to preserve the house, spared the house from demolition. The following years were characterised by renovation and remodelling works to turn the house into a memorial site. At the time, major parts of the building were still as they had been in the second half of the 18th ... | Wikipedia - Beethoven House - 19th century |
In order to preserve spacious museum rooms, the floor plans of the main house were changed and an office for the association, plus a library and a flat for the janitor were installed. Construction changes in Beethoven's flat were limited to the stairs and the passageways to the front building. The inner yard was decora... | Wikipedia - Beethoven House - 19th century |
It has not been remodelled since. In order to preserve the character of Beethoven's birthplace in its contemporary environment and to protect the building, the association bought the neighbouring house number 22 in 1893. After installing a fire protection wall, the building was sold again. | Wikipedia - Beethoven House - 19th century |
In the first half of the 19th century, during the heyday of American whaling in the central Pacific, Malden was visited on a number of occasions by American whalers. In 1918, schooner Annie Larsen, infamous for her role in the Hindu–German Conspiracy, was stranded at Malden Island. Malden was claimed by the U.S. Guano ... | Wikipedia - Malden Island - Whalers and guano diggers |
Before the American company could begin their operations, the island was occupied by an Australian company under British licence. This company and its successors exploited the island continuously from the 1860s through 1927. Writer Beatrice Grimshaw, a visitor to Malden in the guano-digging era, decried the "glaring ba... | Wikipedia - Malden Island - Whalers and guano diggers |
For those who live on the island, it is the scene of an exile which has to be endured somehow or other". She described Malden as containing "a little settlement fronted by a big wooden pier, and a desolate plain of low greyish-green herbage, relieved here and there by small bushes bearing insignificant yellow flowers".... | Wikipedia - Malden Island - Whalers and guano diggers |
Grimshaw described these edifices as being "large, bare, shady buildings fitted with wide shelves, on which the men spread their mats and pillows to sleep". Their food consisted of "rice, biscuits, yams, tinned beef, and tea, with a few cocoanuts for those who may fall sick". Food for the white supervisors consisted of... | Wikipedia - Malden Island - Whalers and guano diggers |
Indentured labourers on Malden were contracted for one year, paid ten shillings per week plus room and board, and repatriated to their home islands when their contracts expired. Salaries for the supervisors were described as "quite high". Work hours were 5 am to 5 pm, with one hour and 45 minutes given off for meals. | Wikipedia - Malden Island - Whalers and guano diggers |
The guano diggers constructed a unique railroad on Malden Island, with cars powered by large sails. Laborers pushed empty carts from the loading area up the tramway to the digging pits, where they were loaded with guano. At the end of the day, the sails were unfurled, and the train cars whisked back to the settlement b... | Wikipedia - Malden Island - Whalers and guano diggers |
While cars were known to jump the tracks more than once during these excursions, the system seems to have worked fairly well. Railroad handcars were also used. | Wikipedia - Malden Island - Whalers and guano diggers |
This tramway remained in use on Malden as late as 1924, and its roadbed still exists on the island today. Although guano digging continued on Malden through the early 1920s, all human activity on the island had ceased by the early 1930s. No further human use seems to have been made of Malden until 1956. | Wikipedia - Malden Island - Whalers and guano diggers |
In the first half of the 19th century, small-scale slave raids took place across Polynesia to supply labor and sex workers for the whaling and sealing trades, with examples from both the westerly and easterly extremes of the Polynesian triangle. By the 1860s this had grown to a larger scale operation with Peruvian slav... | Wikipedia - Slave traders - Oceania |
In the first half of the 19th century, some parts of the Northwest Passage (north of the Bering Strait) were explored separately by many expeditions, including those by John Ross, Elisha Kent Kane, William Edward Parry, and James Clark Ross; overland expeditions were also led by John Franklin, George Back, Peter Warren... | Wikipedia - Northwest Passage - 19th century |
In the first half of the 1st century AD, acupuncturists began promoting the belief that acupuncture's effectiveness was influenced by the time of day or night, the lunar cycle, and the season. : 140–41 The 'science of the yin-yang cycles' (運氣學 yùn qì xué) was a set of beliefs that curing diseases relied on the alignmen... | Wikipedia - Medical acupuncture - Establishment and growth |
Infection is caused by a lack of sterilization, but at that time it was believed to be caused by use of the wrong needle, or needling in the wrong place, or at the wrong time. : 102–03 Later, many needles were heated in boiling water, or in a flame. Sometimes needles were used while they were still hot, creating a caut... | Wikipedia - Medical acupuncture - Establishment and growth |
: 104 Nine needles were recommended in the Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion from 1601, which may have been because of an ancient Chinese belief that nine was a magic number. : 102–03 Other belief systems were based on the idea that the human body operated on a rhythm and acupuncture had to be applied at ... | Wikipedia - Medical acupuncture - Establishment and growth |
: 140–41 In the 1st century AD, many of the first books about acupuncture were published and recognized acupuncturist experts began to emerge. The Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing, which was published in the mid-3rd century, became the oldest acupuncture book that is still in existence in the modern era. Other books like the Yu Gu... | Wikipedia - Medical acupuncture - Establishment and growth |
In the mid 7th century, Sun Simiao published acupuncture-related diagrams and charts that established standardized methods for finding acupuncture sites on people of different sizes and categorized acupuncture sites in a set of modules.Acupuncture became more established in China as improvements in paper led to the pub... | Wikipedia - Medical acupuncture - Establishment and growth |
In the first half of the 20th century there were first attempts to protect people from malaria. At the beginning Pasteur's approach of developing bacterial vaccines was used as a big hope in eradication of this fatal disease. But inactivated malaria sporozoites (by formalin) were ineffective in inducing the protection.... | Wikipedia - PfSPZ Vaccine - History |
The mice were exposed to irradiated mosquitos infected by malaria parasites. Mice and volunteers did not acquire malaria because mosquitos and the sporozoites were irradiated and their immune cells triggered response that could protect them from following infection. Yet this approach was not further developed during pr... | Wikipedia - PfSPZ Vaccine - History |
RTS,S is a subunit vaccine based on coat protein of sporozoites of the Plasmodium falciparum. The RTS,S vaccine was endorsed by the World Health Organization in October 2021 for broad use in children, making it the first malaria vaccine to receive this recommendation. As of April 2022, 1 million children in Ghana, Keny... | Wikipedia - PfSPZ Vaccine - History |
In the first half of the 20th century, Avertin was also used in humans as a general anesthetic or basal narcotic to induce unconsciousness prior to the administration of other anesthetic agents. It was administered rectally as a retention enema or by intravenous injection. Its rectal use was particularly favored for pe... | Wikipedia - C2H3Br3O - Human anesthetic |
In the first half of the 20th century, Margaret Floy Washburn, John B. Watson, and other behaviorists believed behavioral sequencing to be governed by the reflex chain, which states that stimulation caused by an initial movement triggers an additional movement, which triggers another additional movement, and so on. In ... | Wikipedia - Sequence learning - History |
Next is that the errors in behavior suggest internal plans for what will be done later. Also, the time to initiate a movement sequence can increase with the length or complexity of the sequence. The next line is the properties of movements occurring early in a sequence can anticipate later features. | Wikipedia - Sequence learning - History |
Then lastly the neural activity can indicate preparation of upcoming behavior events, including upcoming behavior events in the relatively long-term future. Lashley argued that sequence learning, or behavioral sequencing or serial order in behavior, is not attributable to sensory feedback. | Wikipedia - Sequence learning - History |
Rather, he proposed that there are plans for behavior since the nervous system prepares for some behaviors but not others. He said that there was a hierarchical organization of plans. He came up with several lines of evidence. | Wikipedia - Sequence learning - History |
The first of these is that the context changes functional interpretations of the same behaviors, such as the way “wright, right, right, rite, and write” are interpreted based on the context of the sentence. “Right” can be interpreted as a direction or as something good depending on the context. A second line of evidenc... | Wikipedia - Sequence learning - History |
In addition, “hierarchical organization of plans comes from the timing of behavioral sequences.” The larger the phrase, the longer the response time, which factors into “decoding” or “unpacking” hierarchical plans. Additional evidence is how easy or hard it is to learn a sequence. The mind can create a “memory for what... | Wikipedia - Sequence learning - History |
In the first half of the 20th century, Turner and Winks discovered that borosilicate glasses can be leached by acids. Their investigations showed that not only the chemical stability can be influenced by thermal treatment but also density, refractive index, thermal expansion and viscosity. In 1934, Nordberg and Hood di... | Wikipedia - Phase separated glass - History |
By extraction using mineral acids the soluble phase can be removed and a porous silica network remains. During a sintering process after extraction, a silica glass is generated, which has properties approaching those of quartz glass. The manufacturing of such high-silica glasses has been published as the VYCOR-process. | Wikipedia - Phase separated glass - History |
In the first half of the 20th century, a trend of increasing engine power occurred, particularly in the U.S models. Design changes incorporated all known methods of increasing engine capacity, including increasing the pressure in the cylinders to improve efficiency, increasing the size of the engine, and increasing the... | Wikipedia - Air-breathing engine - Increasing power |
In the first half of the 20th century, analog computers were considered by many to be the future of computing. These devices used the continuously changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved, in contrast to digital computers that rep... | Wikipedia - Early computer - Analog computers |
His device was the foundation for further developments in analog computing.The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1876 by James Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin. He explored... | Wikipedia - Early computer - Analog computers |
A notable series of analog calculating machines were developed by Leonardo Torres Quevedo since 1895, including one that was able to compute the roots of arbitrary polynomials of order eight, including the complex ones, with a precision down to thousandths. An important advance in analog computing was the development o... | Wikipedia - Early computer - Analog computers |
Various spotters on board the ship would relay distance measures and observations to a central plotting station. There the fire direction teams fed in the location, speed and direction of the ship and its target, as well as various adjustments for Coriolis effect, weather effects on the air, and other adjustments; the ... | Wikipedia - Early computer - Analog computers |
In 1912, British engineer Arthur Pollen developed the first electrically powered mechanical analogue computer (called at the time the Argo Clock). It was used by the Imperial Russian Navy in World War I. The alternative Dreyer Table fire control system was fitted to British capital ships by mid-1916. Mechanical devices... | Wikipedia - Early computer - Analog computers |
Drift Sight was the first such aid, developed by Harry Wimperis in 1916 for the Royal Naval Air Service; it measured the wind speed from the air, and used that measurement to calculate the wind's effects on the trajectory of the bombs. The system was later improved with the Course Setting Bomb Sight, and reached a clim... | Wikipedia - Early computer - Analog computers |
In the first half of the 20th century, global divisions of labour were shaped largely by the practices of colonialism. Poorer countries exported natural resources to richer countries, which then manufactured and produced specialised goods. As many colonised nations achieved independence, developing nations in the globa... | Wikipedia - International labour standards - Globalisation and changing divisions of labour |
Such factors included rising labour costs in the north, advances in transportation and communication technologies, the liberalisation of trade, and the deregulation of markets. In the midst of a changing international labour landscape, developing nations in the south took on a previously unseen domination of the labour... | Wikipedia - International labour standards - Globalisation and changing divisions of labour |
In the first half of the 20th century, most users of the rhythm method were Catholic; they were following their church's teaching that all other methods of birth control were sinful. In 1968 the encyclical Humanae vitae included the statement, "It is supremely desirable... that medical science should by the study of na... | Wikipedia - Rhythm method - Later 20th century to present |
In the first half of the 20th century, much of the world was under colonial rule, including the Dutch East Indies. New access to a wide array of previously unstudied plants allowed botanical research to flourish under colonial rule and became highly institutionalised. This was largely linked to the establishment of bot... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Context |
During the colonial period, Indonesian physicians had focused on Western medicine and were typically quite removed from the indigenous world, and therefore after Indonesian independence, works by Dutch authors, especially in the form of guides, became valuable resources in promoting further scientific research about ja... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Context |
The first series of books on the subject was The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies by Karel Heyne.Karel Heyne resided in Buitenzorg (now Bogor) from 1906 to 1927, where he worked primarily in categorising local Javanese plants at the Buitenzorg Botanical Garden. This followed M. Treub, who had been appointed direc... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Context |
Through his books, he wished to lay fundamental groundwork for future botanical and sociological research on Indonesian flora, as with the exception of a small number of guide books, most of the information about the native plants' uses was simply unavailable prior to this book's publication.While writing his book, Hey... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Context |
- 1913) and Sapei (1870-1934), who were employed at the botanical gardens and who, despite having no formal botanical training, are said to have been particularly good at identifying plants, including of incomplete specimens. The book series Herbarium Amboinense (1741) by G. E. Rumphius, which catalogued the flora of A... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Context |
In the first half of the 20th century, some authors added the work of organization or entrepreneurship as a fourth factor of production. This became standard in the post-war Neoclassical synthesis. For example, J. B. Clark saw the co-ordinating function in production and distribution as being served by entrepreneurs; F... | Wikipedia - Strategic resource - The fourth factor |
In contrast, many economists today consider "human capital" (skills and education) as the fourth factor of production, with entrepreneurship as a form of human capital. Yet others refer to intellectual capital. More recently, many have begun to see "social capital" as a factor, as contributing to production of goods an... | Wikipedia - Strategic resource - The fourth factor |
In the first half of the 20th century, telecommunication services developed progressively from completely manual setup of calls by operators called by subscribers, to automatic systems that could connect subscribers of the same local exchange through the use of telephone dials installed in each telephone. In the 1940s,... | Wikipedia - Subscriber Trunk Dialling - History |
The term subscriber trunk dialling is used in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Australia, India and South East Asia. In the UK, the term is obsolescent, better known as the UK area codes. The introduction in the UK of subscriber dialling of long-distance calls removed the distinction that had existed betwee... | Wikipedia - Subscriber Trunk Dialling - History |
This term however, is still widely prevalent in India to describe any national call made outside one's local unit. A "subscriber" is someone who subscribes to, i.e. rents, a telephone line, and a "trunk call" is one made over a trunk line, i.e. a telephone line connecting two exchanges a long distance apart. Since all ... | Wikipedia - Subscriber Trunk Dialling - History |
In the first half of the 20th century, the firm of Polte Armaturen- und Maschinenfabrik OHG in Magdeburg, Germany was an important manufacturer of large fittings and one of the largest ammunition producers in the world. The group was one of the most important employers in Magdeburg, a pioneer in the construction of san... | Wikipedia - Polte ammunition factory - Summary |
In the first half of the 20th century, the four companies of the Chicago "L" and their successors each ran a terminal in Chicago's downtown in addition to the looping elevated trackage known as "the Loop" shared between all four of them. These terminals were the Congress Terminal of the South Side Elevated Railroad, th... | Wikipedia - Stub terminals of the Chicago "L" - Summary |
The railroads had opened between 1892 and 1895, with the exception of the Northwestern. The Loop, having been planned and agreed upon by the companies in 1894, was constructed and opened in phases between 1895 and 1897. The old terminals were then closed. | Wikipedia - Stub terminals of the Chicago "L" - Summary |
However, the Loop frequently overflowed, so the terminals were reopened or rebuilt in the early 20th century to accommodate excess traffic during rush hours. The Northwestern, despite not opening until well after Loop service had begun, built a terminal over North Water Street. In addition to their role in overflow tra... | Wikipedia - Stub terminals of the Chicago "L" - Summary |
The Loop's chronic congestion was resolved by the construction of the State Street subway in 1943 and the Dearborn Street subway in 1951, while the interurbans declined in the same era. The Market Street terminal and Randolph Street station were both closed in 1948 and demolished shortly thereafter. "L" service to the ... | Wikipedia - Stub terminals of the Chicago "L" - Summary |
In the first half of the 20th century, the practice of civilian sportsmen experimenting and modifying existing cartridges to suit different ballistic needs, known as "wildcatting", really took off, and the result was the number of newly available cartridges exploded from a couple of dozen to well over one hundred. Havi... | Wikipedia - Fully powered cartridge - Long-action vs. short-action |
military in 1954 for the new M14 rifle. By the 1960s it had displaced the .30-06 as the popular cartridge in both the hunting fields and in the battlefields. With a much shorter COL of 2.8 in (71 mm) and using the improved propellants available in the 1950s, it could do nearly everything traditional cartridges such as ... | Wikipedia - Fully powered cartridge - Long-action vs. short-action |
More importantly, while the .30-06 has produced roughly a dozen wildcat cartridges, only the .270 Winchester, and the .25-06 Remington enjoyed widespread commercial support; in contrast, the .308 Winchester served as the parent case for the wildcat .243 Winchester, .260 Remington, 7mm-08 Remington, .338 Federal, and .3... | Wikipedia - Fully powered cartridge - Long-action vs. short-action |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.