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In the first volume of Critique of Cynical Reason, Sloterdijk discusses his philosophical premises. The second volume builds on these premises to construct a phenomenology of action that incorporates the many facets of cynicism as they appear in various forms of public discourse. In both volumes, the relationship betwe... | Wikipedia - Critique of Cynical Reason - Content |
One illustration that Sloterdijk employs to make this point is the activity of agents and double-agents, which to him incorporates contemporary cynicism as an incarnation of tactical thinking, pragmatic maneuvering, silencing, and misspeaking. A true Enlightenment in the spirit of Immanuel Kant's essays "What is Enligh... | Wikipedia - Critique of Cynical Reason - Content |
and Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch never has existed, Sloterdijk concludes. Sloterdijk describes the evolution of middle and upper-class consciousness by employing negative examples, which he draws from European history and from the history of education. He describes World War II as a first climax of a "system... | Wikipedia - Critique of Cynical Reason - Content |
Sloterdijk's analysis of Dadaism as artists practiced it in Berlin accompanies his disclosing of the variations of irony and sarcasm that all the political camps of the time between the two World Wars employed (especially Dadaists, Social Democrats, National Socialists, Communists in their derisive attempts to incite t... | Wikipedia - Critique of Cynical Reason - Content |
Additionally, Sloterdijk attempts to trace the Reception History of Kant's three Critiques and their various interpretations up to contemporary times. He attempts to show that Kant's "critical trade" became instrumentalized via the premise of Francis Bacon's aphorism that "knowledge is power," and was finally subverted... | Wikipedia - Critique of Cynical Reason - Content |
Sloterdijk concludes that, unlike the ancient Greek version, Cynicism no longer stands for values of the natural and ethical kind that bind people beyond their religious and economically useful convictions. Rather, it has become a mode of thought that defines its actions in terms of a "final end" of a purely materialis... | Wikipedia - Critique of Cynical Reason - Content |
In the first volume of The Art of Computer Programming, Donald Knuth wrote: "In the author's opinion, entirely too much programmers' time has been spent in writing such simulators and entirely too much computer time has been wasted in using them." In the following section, however, the author gives examples of how suc... | Wikipedia - Instruction Set Simulator - Criticism |
In the first volume of his fundamental text Introductio in analysin infinitorum, published in 1748, Euler gave essentially the same definition of a function as his teacher Bernoulli, as an expression or formula involving variables and constants e.g., x 2 + 3 x + 2 {\displaystyle {x^{2}+3x+2}} . Euler's own definition r... | Wikipedia - History of the function concept - Euler |
In the first wave of coffee, coffee consumers generally did not differentiate by origin or beverage type. Instant coffee, grocery store canned coffee, and diner coffee were all hallmarks of first wave coffee. First wave coffee focuses on low price and consistent taste. | Wikipedia - Third-wave coffee - United States |
Many restaurants offered free refills. The second wave of coffee is generally credited to Peet's Coffee & Tea of Berkeley, California, which in the late 1960s began artisanal sourcing, roasting, and blending with a focus on highlighting countries of origin and their signature dark roast profile. Peet's Coffee inspired ... | Wikipedia - Third-wave coffee - United States |
The second wave of coffee introduced the concept of different origin countries to coffee consumption, beyond a generic cup of coffee. Fueled in large part by market competition between Colombian coffee producers and coffee producers from Brazil through the 1960s, coffee roasters highlighted flavor characteristics that ... | Wikipedia - Third-wave coffee - United States |
In the first wave of hip-hop influence, preppy fashion also gained popularity among the youth of the 80s. This group of young, upwardly mobile black individuals, known as "buppies," embraced 80s hip-hop music and wore clothing items from brands like Polo, Timberland, and Tommy Hilfiger. They were particularly drawn to ... | Wikipedia - Urban fashion - Preppy |
In the first week after its release, 1.2 million people played Dying Light. The retail version of Dying Light debuted at No. 1 on the US software sales chart, outselling heavy competitors such as Grand Theft Auto V and Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare. Dying Light has the highest-selling first month of sales for a new su... | Wikipedia - Dying Light - Sales |
The game also reached No. 1 on the UK software retail chart for two weeks, outperforming other major releases in February such as The Order: 1886 and Evolve, despite the game having been released a month earlier in digital format. In its first 45 days after its release, 3.2 million people played Dying Light, making it ... | Wikipedia - Dying Light - Sales |
In the first week after the raid, about one million people evacuated the city. 61% of the housing stock was destroyed or damaged. The city's labour force was reduced by ten percent. Approximately 3,000 sorties were flown, 9,000 tons of bombs were dropped and over 250,000 homes and houses were destroyed. | Wikipedia - Bombing of Hamburg in World War II - Other effects |
No subsequent city raid shook Germany as did that on Hamburg; documents show that German officials were thoroughly alarmed and there is some indication from later Allied interrogations of Nazi officials that Hitler stated that further raids of similar weight would force Germany out of the war. The industrial losses wer... | Wikipedia - Bombing of Hamburg in World War II - Other effects |
Other losses included damage to or destruction of 580 industrial concerns and armaments works, 299 of which were important enough to be listed by name. Local transport systems were completely disrupted and did not return to normal for some time. | Wikipedia - Bombing of Hamburg in World War II - Other effects |
Dwellings destroyed amounted to 214,350 out of 414,500. Hamburg was hit by air raids another 69 times before the end of World War II. In total, the RAF dropped 22,580 long tons of bombs on Hamburg. | Wikipedia - Bombing of Hamburg in World War II - Other effects |
In the first week of 2020, around 17 children from Ramnagar, in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, were hospitalised, more than half of whom died of kidney failure. The regional drug controller authorities after investigation found out that a faulty batch of the Coldbest PC cough syrup contained 34.97% of diethy... | Wikipedia - Diethylene glycol - 2020 – India |
In the first week of April, diversionary attacks were launched on the extreme right and left of the Allied front to draw German reserves away from the main assaults. Operation Roast was an assault by 2nd Commando Brigade and tanks to capture the seaward isthmus of land bordering Lake Comacchio and seize Port Garibaldi ... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
During this time, Axis shipping was being attacked in bombing raids such as Operation Bowler. The build-up to the main assault started on April 6 with heavy artillery bombardment of the Senio defenses. In the early afternoon of April 9, 825 heavy bombers dropped fragmentation bombs on the support zone behind the Senio ... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
From 15:20 to 19:10, five heavy artillery barrages were fired each lasting 30 minutes, interspersed with fighter bomber attacks. In support of the New Zealand operations, 28 Churchill Crocodiles and 127 Wasp flamethrower vehicles were deployed along the front. The 8th Indian Infantry Division, 2nd New Zealand Division,... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
In the fight there were two Victoria Crosses won by the 8th Indian Infantry Division. They had reached the Santerno, 5.6 km (3.5 mi) beyond, by dawn on April 11. The New Zealanders had reached the Santerno at nightfall on April 10 and succeeded in making a crossing at dawn on April 11. | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
The Poles had also closed on the Santerno by the night of April 11.By late morning of April 12, after an all-night assault, the 8th Indian Infantry Division was established on the far side of the Santerno and the 78th Infantry Division started their pass through to make the assault on Argenta. In the meantime, the 24th... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
The 78th Infantry Division was also held up that same day on the Reno River at Bastia. The Fifth Army began its assault on April 14 after a bombardment by 2,000 heavy bombers and 2,000 guns along with attacks by IV Corps (1st Brazilian, 10th Mountain and 1st Armored Divisions) on the left. This was followed on the nigh... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
The 10th Mountain Division was directed to bypass Bologna on the right and push north leaving II Corps to deal with Bologna, along with Eighth Army units advancing from their right.By April 19, on the Eighth Army front, the Argenta Gap had been forced and the 6th Armoured Division was released through the left wing of ... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
Bologna was entered in the morning of April 21 by the 3rd Carpathian Infantry Division of the II Polish Corps and the Friul Combat Group of the Italian Co-belligerent Army advancing up the line of Route 9, followed two hours later by II US Corps from the south. On April 24, Parma and Reggio Emilia were liberated by the... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
The river was crossed the next day and they advanced north to Verona which they entered on April 26. To the right of Fifth Army on Eighth Army's left wing, XIII Corps crossed the Po at Ficarolo on April 22, while V Corps were crossing the Po by April 25, heading towards the Venetian Line, a defensive line built behind ... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
On April 27, the 1st Armored Division entered Milan which had been liberated by the partisans on April 25 and the IV Corps commander Willis D. Crittenberger entered the city on April 30. Turin was also liberated by partisan forces on April 25, after five days of fighting. On April 27, General Günther Meinhold surrender... | Wikipedia - Spring 1945 offensive in Italy - Battle |
In the first week of August, a cut-off low led to torrential rains in excess of 100–200 mm (4–8 in) and flooding in Slovenia and parts of Croatia and Austria. The June and July storms led to the soil in the region being highly saturated with water, which caused rivers to overflow, producing historic flooding at a time ... | Wikipedia - Heatwave Cerberus - Early August floods |
The flood wave crest entered Croatia on the night of 5–6 August, causing localised flooding and breaking records at several gauges. In Drnje, Croatia, near the confluence of Mura and Drava, a century-old record was broken by more than half a metre (2 ft). Croatian Armed Forces deployed 150 soldiers to assist with flood... | Wikipedia - Heatwave Cerberus - Early August floods |
In the first week of July 1985, Twin Galaxies conducted the 1st Twin Galaxies Iron Man Contest. The goal of the Iron Man competition was simple: competitors had to continue playing their game for as long as they could. If anyone passed 100 hours, they would be awarded a $10,000 prize from the Sports Achievement Associa... | Wikipedia - Twin Galaxies - Iron Man Contest |
The game malfunctioned at around 58 hours, wiping out all of his 210 extra lives. However, he earned back forty of them. He left the game voluntarily with a record-breaking score of 107,216,700 points, a record that stood until 2010 when John McAllister broke the record over a live streaming video on justin.tv. | Wikipedia - Twin Galaxies - Iron Man Contest |
In the first week of September of each year a festival called "Tikveški Grozdober" (Тиквешки гроздобер, lit. Tikveš grape picking) is held for several days marking the beginning of the wine grape harvest in the Tikveš region and commemorating the liberation of Kavadarci. Such is the importance of this fruit, the city f... | Wikipedia - Kavadarci - Tikveški Grozdober |
It takes place over several days and is one of the largest cultural manifestations of its kind in the region. The festival includes folk, pop and rock concerts, traditional dancing, seminars, presentations and exhibitions. During this time the city centre houses many temporary restaurants, stalls and shops open to allo... | Wikipedia - Kavadarci - Tikveški Grozdober |
In the first week of physical sales in the UK, Project CARS sold 63 percent of its total on the PlayStation 4 console, with 31 percent on the Xbox One and 6 percent on the PC. By 5 June 2015, the game had sold one million copies. By October 2016, the game had sold 2 million units. The game was made free from February 1... | Wikipedia - Project CARS (video game) - Sales |
In the first week of regionals, a bug in the match scheduling system caused many teams to face one other team in all or almost all of their matches. | Wikipedia - Rack 'n Roll - Notable events |
In the first work of the Florilegium Secundum, Fasciculus I. – Nobilis Juventus. 1. | Wikipedia - Notes inégales - Georg Muffat |
Ouverture, Georg Muffat writes an Ouverture in stile Francese, in which he writes out the notes inégales in the topmost part, the Violino, in an approximate performance "realization" where the long–short pairs are explicitly notated in dotted eighth/sixteenth note pairs as the stylistically correct performance practice... | Wikipedia - Notes inégales - Georg Muffat |
In the Violino, they are realized in explicitly long–short pairs; in the Violetta, they are still "encoded" as they would traditionally appear in the guise of evenly notated 8th notes; the composer clearly expecting the performer to perform them in long–short notes inégales. The practice of writing out an explicatio, o... | Wikipedia - Notes inégales - Georg Muffat |
Couperin does this in the Courante and the Gavotte, expecting the performer to take the various embellishments, rhythmic alterations and ornaments, and apply them "le bon gout" (in good taste) throughout his oeuvre. This practice of giving an explicatio was also followed by J.S. Bach in the Sarabande of his French Suit... | Wikipedia - Notes inégales - Georg Muffat |
It is clear there was a precedent by composers to give models for the correct study and realization of performance practice issues in the works themselves, often in the context of an oral tradition where there was no need to write a treatise. Muffat, publishing his Florilegium with multilingual prefaces, clearly intend... | Wikipedia - Notes inégales - Georg Muffat |
In the first written accounts of the First Vision, the central theme is personal forgiveness, while in later accounts the focus shifts to the apostasy and corruption of churches. In early accounts, Smith seems reluctant to talk about the vision; in later versions, various details are mentioned that were not mentioned i... | Wikipedia - First Vision - Comparison of written accounts |
Richard L. Anderson wrote, "What are the main problems of interpreting so many accounts? The first problem is the interpreter. One person perceives harmony and interconnections while another overstates differences." Other believers view the differences in the accounts as reflective of Smith's increase in maturity and k... | Wikipedia - First Vision - Comparison of written accounts |
In the first year 24 technical standards committees were created. A year later, AENOR assumed the representation of Spain before the European organizations (CENELEC, ETSI) and international (ISO, IEC). Nowadays, AENOR has more than 200 technical standards committees involving nearly 6,000 experts in the field. | Wikipedia - AENOR - First steps in standardization |
In the first year after its release, Apple Maps received a number of improvements which solved various errors in the application. Other changes included adding more satellite imagery and making the navigation available in more cities. In 2013, Apple also acquired a few companies to improve Apple Maps, namely HopStop, E... | Wikipedia - Apple Maps - 2012–2015 |
This new version had a new look and icon. Several new functions were also implemented, including full-screen mode, night mode, real-time traffic information, navigation for pedestrians, and the Frequent Locations feature. | Wikipedia - Apple Maps - 2012–2015 |
The latter feature, which can be switched on and off, was introduced to record the most frequently visited destinations by users in order to improve Apple Maps. In addition, new satellite imagery was added once again. On September 18, 2013, Apple released iOS 7. | Wikipedia - Apple Maps - 2012–2015 |
At that time, the new iPhone 5S included a new motion coprocessor, the M7, which can identify whether a user is walking or driving in order to adjust the navigation mode.During that same conference, Apple announced that a desktop version of the application would be made available for OS X Mavericks. On October 22, 2013... | Wikipedia - Apple Maps - 2012–2015 |
Additionally, the desktop version enabled users to send locations and directions to other devices with iOS. In June of the following year, Apple acquired the company Spotsetter, a social search engine that gave personalized recommendations for places to visit. | Wikipedia - Apple Maps - 2012–2015 |
Since the acquisition, most of its employees work at Apple.On September 17, 2014, the successor of iOS 7, iOS 8, became available. Later that year, on October, 16, Apple released OS X Yosemite. Neither update brought any major modifications to Apple Maps. | Wikipedia - Apple Maps - 2012–2015 |
However, the feature "City Tours" was introduced to both iOS and OS X. This function made it possible for the user to be guided through locations with Flyovers. Also, Apple Maps results were shown in the search feature Spotlight in OS X Yosemite. Later in 2014, Apple news website 9to5Mac reported that in the previous m... | Wikipedia - Apple Maps - 2012–2015 |
In the first year following re-commissioning she carried over 25,000 passengers.PS Waimarie is owned by the Whanganui Riverboat Restoration and Navigation Trust. In 2003, a separate organisation, the Waimarie Operating Trust was formed to manage vessel operations.PS Waimarie has been described as Whanganui's main touri... | Wikipedia - PS Waimarie - Tourist vessel service |
The typical daily cruise is a 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) trip upriver to Upokongaro and return.The operation of the vessel is undertaken by 8 staff and 12 volunteers. In 2020, it was reported that the operation of the vessel had been supported for several years with annual funding of $65,000 from a Community Contract.PS Wa... | Wikipedia - PS Waimarie - Tourist vessel service |
In the first year of Donald Trump's candidacy for the presidency, The Heritage Foundation did not embrace his candidacy, and even mocked it. "Donald Trump’s a clown," then Heritage Action leader Michael Needham said on a Fox News panel in July 2015.Once Trump won, however, The Heritage Foundation's position shifted, an... | Wikipedia - The Heritage Foundation - Trump administration |
At least 66 foundation employees and alumni were given positions in the administration.The Heritage Foundation drew from a database it began building in 2014 of approximately 3,000 conservatives who they trusted to serve in a hypothetical Republican administration for the upcoming 2016 election. According to individual... | Wikipedia - The Heritage Foundation - Trump administration |
A public statement by the board said a thorough investigation of the foundation's operations under DeMint found "significant and worsening management issues that led to a breakdown of internal communications and cooperation." "While the organization has seen many successes," the board statement said, "Jim DeMint and a ... | Wikipedia - The Heritage Foundation - Trump administration |
congressman Mickey Edwards (R-OK), who saw it as a step by the foundation to pare back its partisan edge and restore its reputation as a pioneering think tank. In January 2018, DeMint, in turn, was succeeded by Kay Coles James, who was appointed president of the foundation. | Wikipedia - The Heritage Foundation - Trump administration |
During the 2020 presidential campaign, former Heritage adjunct scholar Dov Zakheim was one of over 130 former Republican national security officials to sign a statement that asserted that Trump was unfit to serve another term. "To that end," the statement said, "we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest o... | Wikipedia - The Heritage Foundation - Trump administration |
In the first year of Soviet rule all architects refusing to emigrate (and the new generation) denounced any classical heritage in their work and began to propagate formalism, the most influential of all Revivalist themes. Great plans were drawn for large, technically advanced cities. The most ambitious of all was the M... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
The Shukhov Tower, rising 160 metres (520 ft) above Moscow, was completed in 1922. According to the initial plans, the hyperboloid tower by Vladimir Shukhov with a height of 350 metres (1,150 ft) had an estimated mass of 2,200 tonnes (2,200,000 kg), while the Eiffel Tower in Paris (with a height of 350 metres (1,150 ft... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
The so-called kommunalka became the most common type of accommodation for the residents of large cities. In each communal apartment one room belonged to one family, while bathroom, toilet and kitchen were shared. Such a scheme was widespread until the mid-1950s, and in some cities there are more communal apartments. | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
At the same time with the 1930s for senior people began to build houses with separate bedroom apartments, where one family was given the whole apartment. An example of such a house called House on the Embankment (Dom na naberezhnoi) in Moscow, built in 1927–1931, respectively. An important priority during the post-revo... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
In 1918 Alexey Shchusev (1873–1949) and Ivan Zholtovsky founded the Mossovet Architectural Workshop, where the complex planning of Moscow's reconstruction as a new Soviet capital took place. The workshop employed young architects who later emerged as avant-garde leaders. | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
At the same time architectural education, concentrated in the Vkhutemas, was divided between revivalists and modernists. In 1919, Petrograd saw a similar planning and educational setup, headed by experienced revivalist Ivan Fomin (1872–1936). | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
Other cities followed suit and the results of the work carried out there were to make dramatic changes in traditional Russian city layout. The first large-scale development templates (generalny plan) were drawn there. The city was planned as a series of new wide avenues, massive public structures and the improvement of... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
The first apartment building of this period was completed in 1923, followed by a surge of public-housing construction in 1925–1929. In Petrograd from 1917 to 1919 the first example of the new style was built on the Field of Mars – a monument, "Strugglers of the Revolution", designed by Lev Rudnev (1886–1956). This comp... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
The most famous construction of this time, however, was Lenin's Mausoleum by Alexey Shchusev. Originally it was a temporary wooden structure, topped by a pyramid, with two wings (for entry and exit). In 1930 it was replaced with the present building, built of stone. | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
The combination of dark red and black labradorite enhanced its slender, precise construction. The rapid development of technological processes and materials also influenced constructivist elements in structure design. | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
During the erection of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Station (1918–26, architects O.Munts and V.Pokrovsky), the traditional outline on the window arches is still used (despite concrete being used in construction). The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station (1927–32), built by a collective of architects headed by Viktor Vesnin (1882... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
One of these was the Association of New Architects (ASNOVA), formed in 1923, which promoted the idea of synthesising architecture and other creative arts to give buildings an almost sculptural feeling. These buildings were to serve as visual points for the orientation of a human in space. Members of ASNOVA also designe... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
Another innovation from post-revolutionary Russia was a new type of public building: the Workers' Club and the Palace of Culture. These became a new focus for architects, who used the visual expression of large elements combined with industrial motifs. The most famous of these was the Zuev Workers' Club (1927–29) in Mo... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
Symbolic expression in construction was a feature in works designed by Konstantin Melnikov (1890–1974), notably the Rusakov Workers' Club (1927–1929) in Moscow. Visually, the building resembles part of a gear; each of the three cantilevered concrete "teeth" is a balcony of the main auditorium, which could be used indiv... | Wikipedia - Architecture of Russia - Post-revolution |
In the first year of data recorded by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), a region of sky in the constellation Eridanus was found to be cooler than the surrounding area. Subsequently, using the data gathered by WMAP over 3 years, the statistical significance of such a large, cool region was estimated. The ... | Wikipedia - CMB cold spot - Discovery and significance |
In the first year of successful stage return from the experimental test flights, SpaceX performed ad hoc and flight-specific evaluation and component testing on each successfully landed stage. Stages were processed and initially evaluated in either launch hangars, or for Cape Canaveral landings, in the new hangar Space... | Wikipedia - SpaceX recoverable booster - Operational flow |
In the first year of the campaign, over 102,000 young people signed the pledge, which was also taken up by other church groups including the Roman Catholic Church and Assemblies of God. The campaign spread across the US, making the use of occasions such as Valentine's Day to gain attention.By 2004, groups supporting ab... | Wikipedia - Silver Ring Thing - Effect |
In the first year, the ground is prepared usually by the combination of burning, herbicide spraying, and/or cultivation and then saplings are planted by human crew or by machine. The saplings are usually obtained in bulk from industrial nurseries, which may specialize in selective breeding in order to produce fast grow... | Wikipedia - Timber plantations - Growth cycle |
This stage is termed 'pole stage'. When competition becomes too intense (for pine trees, when the live crown is less than a third of the tree's total height), it is time to thin out the section. There are several methods for thinning, but where topography permits, the most popular is 'row-thinning', where every third o... | Wikipedia - Timber plantations - Growth cycle |
Many trees are removed, leaving regular clear lanes through the section so that the remaining trees have room to expand again. The removed trees are delimbed, forwarded to the forest road, loaded onto trucks, and sent to a mill. | Wikipedia - Timber plantations - Growth cycle |
A typical pole stage plantation tree is 7–30 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh). Such trees are sometimes not suitable for timber, but are used as pulp for paper and particleboard, and as chips for oriented strand board. As the trees grow and become dense and crowded again, the thinning process is repeated. | Wikipedia - Timber plantations - Growth cycle |
Depending on growth rate and species, trees at this age may be large enough for timber milling; if not, they are again used as pulp and chips. Around year 10-60 the plantation is now mature and (in economic terms) is falling off the back side of its growth curve. That is to say, it is passing the point of maximum wood ... | Wikipedia - Timber plantations - Growth cycle |
All remaining trees are felled, delimbed, and taken to be processed. The ground is cleared, and the cycle can be restarted.Some plantation trees, such as pines and eucalyptus, can be at risk of fire damage because their leaf oils and resins are highly flammable. Conversely, an afflicted plantation can in some cases be ... | Wikipedia - Timber plantations - Growth cycle |
In the first years after the Second World War the work was temporarily relocated both to the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and German Democratic Republic (GDR). The scientific Springer-Verlag has been publishing the book since 16 June 1971 and has been the publisher of all Hütte handbooks so far. For some time, the... | Wikipedia - Hütte - Recent history |
With the 32nd edition, it was renamed to the current title "Hütte - Das Ingenieurwissen" (Engineering Knowledge). For the 150th anniversary in 2007, the 33rd edition of the book was published. It was updated to reflect the current state of science and technology and meet the curricula of technical universities and tech... | Wikipedia - Hütte - Recent history |
It comprises the following sections: Mathematical and scientific basicsA. Math and statistics B. Physics C. ChemistryTechnological basicsD. | Wikipedia - Hütte - Recent history |
Materials E. Engineering mechanics F. Technical thermodynamics G. Electrical engineering H. Measurement technology I. Regulation and control technology J. Computer engineeringBasics for products and servicesK. Development and construction L. ProductionEconomic and legal basicsM. Business administration N. Management O.... | Wikipedia - Hütte - Recent history |
In the first years of World War I submarines were fearful, one-sided weapons because they were invisible. In July 1915 Arthur Balfour replaced Winston Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty. Balfour appreciated the importance of science, so he established a Board of Invention and Research (BIR), composed of a three-m... | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
The panel concluded that the most promising approach was to listen for submarines, so they sought to improve hydrophones. Bragg soon moved to the hydrophone research centre HMS Tarlair at Aberdour on the Firth of Forth (which later relocated to Harwich in Essex). Independently from the BIR, in August 1915, a submerged ... | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
The idea originated with the Scottish physicist Alexander Crichton Mitchell, who was helped by the Royal Navy at HMS Tarlair. He had shown that the passage of a submarine past a cable formed an induction loop which induced a voltage of approximately a millivolt, detectable by a sensitive galvanometer. Voltages were als... | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
Mitchell installed an identical loop outside of the channel for vessels, the two loops were connected so that the random fluctuations cancelled each other out. A rheostat was used to give the two loops identical resistances, so that no current flowed until a vessel approached. Unfortunately, his report to the BIR was m... | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
Consequently, there was a hiatus in the installation of loops until their utility was demonstrated beyond question. Under Bragg's leadership, a number were installed. | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
Later in World War I the tiny induced voltages were amplified by vacuum tube amplifiers. Even with that assistance, a long loop installed to monitor traffic in the English Channel proved impractical. The "Liverpool Cable" used for the loops consisted of four-core, single strand 1.23 mm copper wire, sheathed in two-laye... | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
The cores were separated by five strands of 36-thread cotton serving, wrapped in two layers of linen identification tape, all encased in a 12.8 mm diameter lead sheath that was wrapped in 18 strands of tarred hemp, and armoured with 26 strand 2.0 mm steel wire, giving a final diameter of 18.8 mm. The cores were wired t... | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
The German submarine UB-116, captained by Lieutenant J J Emsmann, who, along with his crew had volunteered for a suicide mission, was detected by hydrophones at 21:21 on 28 October 1918 while entering the harbour via Hoxa Sound. There were no allied vessels in the harbour so the indicator loops on the minefields were a... | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
Activation of the loop detonated mines in the field, sinking the submarine. UB-116 was the last U-boat destroyed by enemy action before the Armistice, ironically when it had no prey. The wreck of UB-116 was raised in 1919 but foundered while being towed. | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
Its broken-up scraps fell back onto the seabed, where now they are popular with scuba divers.After the First World War, indicator loop devices were further developed by the Admiralty's research divisions at HMS Vernon and HMS Osprey (Portland Naval Base). In WWII indicator loops were used by the Allies for harbour defe... | Wikipedia - Anti-submarine indicator loop - History |
In the first years of his career, Schrödinger became acquainted with the ideas of the old quantum theory, developed in the works of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Arnold Sommerfeld, and others. This knowledge helped him work on some problems in theoretical physics, but the Austrian scientist at the time was n... | Wikipedia - Erwin Schrödinger - New quantum theory |
In autumn 1922, he analyzed the electron orbits in an atom from a geometric point of view, using methods developed by the mathematician Hermann Weyl (1885–1955). This work, in which it was shown that quantum orbits are associated with certain geometric properties, was an important step in predicting some of the feature... | Wikipedia - Erwin Schrödinger - New quantum theory |
In the first years of operation the barrels were stored in orderly rows and space was left so it was theoretically possible to inspect them. In the later years, when most of the waste was brought in, the drums were rolled off a salt embankment into the chambers and the layers covered by salt. This was done to reduce ra... | Wikipedia - Asse II mine - Storage methods |
They don't have long time stability and rust after some years, especially in a salty environment. The salt surrounding them was intended to be the only containment for the waste. There never was an intention for the waste to be recoverable. | Wikipedia - Asse II mine - Storage methods |
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