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In the first years of the 1900s, after marrying Katharina Plaskuda, a widow, he traveled more and more frequently between Italy and Germany till 1906, when, after winning the competition for the graphical symbol and the poster for the "Esposizione per il Traforo del Sempione", he left Milan for Bonn and Düsseldorf defi... | Wikipedia - Adolfo Hohenstein - Return to Germany |
In the first years of the Forstall System, attempts to renew the issued ninety-day paper often led to strong objection, and the creator was often shamed. In addition, banks could not continue to conduct business once reserve of specie fell below one-third. As a result, the businessmen of New Orleans felt a disadvantage... | Wikipedia - The Forstall System - Debates regarding interpretation |
This was because the loans in those cities could often be renewed for six months of even a year at six percent. Merchants’ banks followed commercial conventions while the majority did not. During 1861–1862 (following Louisiana's secession from the union), both political and military pressures caused conflicts with bank... | Wikipedia - The Forstall System - Debates regarding interpretation |
Payments in specie were able to start up again in April, during the time of the Capture of New Orleans. This short absence in the ability to make specie payments was not believed to have been caused by any wrongdoings of the banks. In November 1877, an anonymous writer from The Banker’s Magazine reported that the stipu... | Wikipedia - The Forstall System - Debates regarding interpretation |
In the first, 1930 edition of his global survey The Film Till Now, British cinema pundit Paul Rotha declared, "A film in which the speech and sound effects are perfectly synchronised and coincide with their visual image on the screen is absolutely contrary to the aims of cinema. It is a degenerate and misguided attempt... | Wikipedia - Talking motion picture - Aesthetic quality |
In the opinion of many film historians and aficionados, both at the time and subsequently, silent film had reached an aesthetic peak by the late 1920s and the early years of sound cinema delivered little that was comparable to the best of the silents. For instance, despite fading into relative obscurity once its era ha... | Wikipedia - Talking motion picture - Aesthetic quality |
(City Lights, like Sunrise, was released with a recorded score and sound effects, but is now customarily referred to by historians and industry professionals as a "silent"—spoken dialogue regarded as the crucial distinguishing factor between silent and sound dramatic cinema.) The earliest sound film to place is the Fre... | Wikipedia - Talking motion picture - Aesthetic quality |
The other internationally acclaimed sound drama of the year was Westfront 1918, directed by G. W. Pabst for Nero-Film of Berlin. Historian Anton Kaes points to it as an example of "the new verisimilitude rendered silent cinema's former emphasis on the hypnotic gaze and the symbolism of light and shadow, as well as its... | Wikipedia - Talking motion picture - Aesthetic quality |
Swiftly banned by Paris police chief Jean Chiappe, it was unavailable for fifty years. The earliest sound movie now acknowledged by most film historians as a masterpiece is Nero-Film's M, directed by Fritz Lang, which premiered May 11, 1931. As described by Roger Ebert, "Many early talkies felt they had to talk all the... | Wikipedia - Talking motion picture - Aesthetic quality |
In the first, and as it turned out last, free national election held in East Germany, in March 1990, Klaus Siebold stood for election in the Cottbus electoral district, but he was not elected. | Wikipedia - Klaus Siebold - Democratic politics |
In the first, and by far most common type, nonhereditary myositis ossificans (commonly referred to simply as "myositis ossificans", as in the remainder of this article), calcifications occur at the site of injured muscle, most commonly in the arms or in the quadriceps of the thighs. The term myositis ossificans traumat... | Wikipedia - Myositis ossificans - Classification |
Although this disorder can be passed to offspring by those afflicted with FOP, it is also classified as nonhereditary, as it is most often attributed to a spontaneous genetic mutation upon conception.Most (i.e. 80%) ossifications arise in the thigh or arm, and are caused by a premature return to activity after an injur... | Wikipedia - Myositis ossificans - Classification |
In the first, simpler case above, the formula obtained for the probability P can be rearranged to π = 2 l t P . {\displaystyle \pi ={\frac {2l}{tP}}.} Thus, if we conduct an experiment to estimate P, we will also have an estimate for π. Suppose we drop n needles and find that h of those needles are crossing lines, so P... | Wikipedia - Buffon's needle problem - Estimating π |
{\displaystyle \pi \approx {\frac {2l\cdot n}{th}}.} In 1901, Italian mathematician Mario Lazzarini performed Buffon's needle experiment. Tossing a needle 3,408 times, he obtained the well-known approximation 355/113 for π, accurate to six decimal places. | Wikipedia - Buffon's needle problem - Estimating π |
Lazzarini's "experiment" is an example of confirmation bias, as it was set up to replicate the already well-known approximation of 355/113 (in fact, there is no better rational approximation with fewer than five digits in the numerator and denominator, see also Milü), yielding a more accurate "prediction" of π than wou... | Wikipedia - Buffon's needle problem - Estimating π |
{\displaystyle x={\frac {113n}{213}}.} To do this, one should pick n as a multiple of 213, because then 113n/213 is an integer; one then drops n needles, and hopes for exactly x = 113n/213 successes. If one drops 213 needles and happens to get 113 successes, then one can triumphantly report an estimate of π accurate to... | Wikipedia - Buffon's needle problem - Estimating π |
If not, one can just do 213 more trials and hope for a total of 226 successes; if not, just repeat as necessary. Lazzarini performed 3,408 = 213 × 16 trials, making it seem likely that this is the strategy he used to obtain his "estimate". The above description of strategy might even be considered charitable to Lazzari... | Wikipedia - Buffon's needle problem - Estimating π |
In the first-order logic of graphs, a graph property is expressed as a quantified logical sentence whose variables represent graph vertices, with predicates for equality and adjacency testing. | Wikipedia - Logic of graphs - First order |
In the first-order matrix difference equation = A {\displaystyle =A} with state vector x {\displaystyle x} and transition matrix A {\displaystyle A} , x {\displaystyle x} converges asymptotically to the steady state vector x ∗ {\displaystyle x^{*}} if and only if all eigenvalues of the transition matrix A {\displayst... | Wikipedia - Difference equation - Stability of linear first-order matrix recurrences |
In the first-person shooter videogame franchise Halo, the homeworld of the Kig-Yar species is a moon orbiting within the HD 69830 system, with the system being known as "Y'Deio" the third planet in the system called "Chu'ot" and their homeworld being called Eayn. | Wikipedia - HD 69830 - In fiction |
In the first-season The X-Files episode "Ghost in the Machine", Eurisko is the name of a fictional software company responsible for the episode's "monster of the week", facilities management software known as "Central Operating System", or "COS". COS (described in the episode as an "adaptive network") is shown to be ca... | Wikipedia - Eurisko - In popular culture |
In the fiscal year 2014, Congress provided US$56 million for Roman, and in 2015 Congress provided US$50 million. The fiscal year 2016 spending bill provided US$90 million for Roman, far above NASA's request of US$14 million, allowing the mission to enter the "formulation phase" in February 2016. On 18 February 2016, NA... | Wikipedia - Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope - Funding history and status |
Roman is on a plan for a mid-2020s launch. The total cost of Roman at that point was expected at more than US$2 billion; NASA's 2015 budget estimate was around US$2.0 billion in 2010 dollars, which corresponds to around US$2.7 billion in real year (inflation-adjusted) dollars.In April 2017, NASA commissioned an indepen... | Wikipedia - Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope - Funding history and status |
NASA announced (Jan 2018) the reductions taken in response to this recommendation, and that Roman would proceed to its mission design review in February 2018 and begin Phase B by April 2018. NASA confirmed (March 2018) that the changes made to the project had reduced its estimated life cycle cost to US$3.2 billion and ... | Wikipedia - Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope - Funding history and status |
The American Astronomical Society itself expressed "grave concern" about the proposed defunding, and noted that the estimated lifecycle cost for Roman had not changed over the previous two years. In agreement, Congress approved a FY2018 Roman budget on 22 and 23 March 2018 in excess of the administration's budget reque... | Wikipedia - Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope - Funding history and status |
NASA was funded via a FY2019 appropriations bill on 15 February 2019, with US$312 million for Roman, rejecting the President's reduced Budget Request and reasserting the desire for completion of Roman with a planning budget of US$3.2 billion.In March 2019 the Trump administration again proposed to defund the Roman (the... | Wikipedia - Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope - Funding history and status |
In the fiscal year ending in 2022, the organization had revenues of $15,325,708 contributed as follows: Individual and grant contribution: 76% Corporate partnership fees: 9% Government contribution: 9% In-kind contribution & others: 6% | Wikipedia - Bridges to Prosperity - Financial information |
In the fiscal year following its grand opening, Turtle Bay Exploration Park, adjacent to the bridge, saw a 42-percent increase in its visitation. As of 2011, Redding's city manager stated that the bridge "continues to generate millions of dollars worth of commerce and tourism each year". | Wikipedia - Sundial Bridge at Turtle Bay - Tourism |
In the fish host a positive association between fish biomass density and P. laevis abundance is seen. This suggests that the parasites accumulates in the fish hosts with age and that there is limited impact of intra-host density on parasite settlement.In the River Ouche at Dijon natural infection levels of gammarids ca... | Wikipedia - Pomphorhynchus laevis - Ecology |
In the fish host, host manipulation induces more risk taking behaviour like positive geotaxis and negative thigmotaxis. This change in behaviour is unlikely to be caused solely by the mechanical presence of the parasite. Phenotype modification, through injecting silicon "parasites", with densities and sizes similar to ... | Wikipedia - Schistocephalus solidus - Second intermediate host |
In the fish sector, aquaculture is becoming popular. Unlike regular fishing, it does not require the catching of wild fish in open sea. Rather, fish is grown in nets in the sea or in containers, ponds, ... on land, which hence does not require the use of fishing ships. Fishing ships are expensive to purchase and mainta... | Wikipedia - Stranded assets - Fish production |
In order to reduce the possibility of diseases occurring in closed circuit systems, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture is used which integrates fish farming and aquatic plant farming. Plants hereby take up nutrients excreted from the fish, reducing the likelihood of diseases occurring. In shrimp farming, integrated m... | Wikipedia - Stranded assets - Fish production |
This also avoids possibility of diseases occurring. In addition to this, it may be an incentive for entrepreneurs to restore mangroves in locations where they have previously been destroyed, as they can then reap the financial benefits of those newly created mangroves. Clean fish also exists, which is lab-grown fish. T... | Wikipedia - Stranded assets - Fish production |
In the fishing villages of Songkhla Province, people make fishnets from unbleached cotton yarn. To prevent the threads in the net from getting frayed, and to help it sink in the water, the net is regularly treated with egg white from duck eggs. This creates leftover yolks, and so they are preserved as khai khrop. (ครูฑ... | Wikipedia - Khai khrop - History |
In the fishkeeping world, a "riffle tank" is one specializing in aquatic life that originates in places with powerful currents like riffles. These are usually emulated with very powerful pumps. == References == | Wikipedia - Riffle - Aquaria |
In the five years after the American Telecommunications Act of 1996 went into effect, telecommunications equipment companies invested more than $500 billion, mostly financed with debt, into laying fiber optic cable, adding new switches, and building wireless networks. In many areas, such as the Dulles Technology Corrid... | Wikipedia - Dot com boom - Bubble in telecom |
In Germany, in August 2000, the auctions raised £30 billion. A 3G spectrum auction in the United States in 1999 had to be re-run when the winners defaulted on their bids of $4 billion. The re-auction netted 10% of the original sales prices. | Wikipedia - Dot com boom - Bubble in telecom |
When financing became hard to find as the bubble burst, the high debt ratios of these companies led to bankruptcy. Bond investors recovered just over 20% of their investments. However, several telecom executives sold stock before the crash including Philip Anschutz, who reaped $1.9 billion, Joseph Nacchio, who reaped $... | Wikipedia - Dot com boom - Bubble in telecom |
In the five years immediately before the French First Republic introduced the metric system, every effort was made to make the citizens aware of the upcoming changes and to prepare them for it. The administration distributed tens of thousands of educational pamphlets, private enterprise produced educational games, guid... | Wikipedia - Mesures usuelles - Rationale behind the new system |
To compensate, the government introduced incentives for the mass-production of rulers. Paris police reported widespread flouting of the requirement for merchants to use only the metric system. Where the new system was in use, it was abused, with shopkeepers taking the opportunity to round prices up and to give smaller ... | Wikipedia - Mesures usuelles - Rationale behind the new system |
Napoleon I, the French Emperor, disliked the inconvenience of surrendering the high factorability of traditional measures in the name of decimalisation, and recognized the difficulty of getting it accepted by the populace. Under the décret impérial du 12 février 1812 (imperial decree of 12 February 1812), he introduced... | Wikipedia - Mesures usuelles - Rationale behind the new system |
The new livre (known as the livre métrique) was defined as five hundred grams, and the new toise (toise métrique) was defined as two metres. Products could be sold in shops under the old names and with the old relationships to one another, but with metric-based and slightly changed absolute sizes. This series of measur... | Wikipedia - Mesures usuelles - Rationale behind the new system |
In the five years prior to 1929, a great amount of experimentation was conducted on different testing methods for determining fuel resistance to abnormal combustion. It appeared engine knocking was dependent on a wide variety of parameters including compression, ignition timing, cylinder temperature, air-cooled or wate... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
In 1929, the octane rating scale was adopted, and in 1930, the first octane specification for aviation fuels was established. In the same year, the U.S. Army Air Force specified fuels rated at 87 octane for its aircraft as a result of studies it had conducted.During this period, research showed that hydrocarbon structu... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
Straight-chain paraffins in the boiling range of gasoline had low antiknock qualities while ring-shaped molecules such as aromatic hydrocarbons (for example benzene) had higher resistance to knocking. This development led to the search for processes that would produce more of these compounds from crude oils than achiev... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
To further complicate the situation, as engine performance increased, the altitude that aircraft could reach also increased, which resulted in concerns about the fuel freezing. The average temperature decrease is 3.6 °F (2.0 °C) per 300-meter (1,000 ft) increase in altitude, and at 12,000 meters (40,000 ft), the temper... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
Substituted aromatics such as toluene, xylene, and cumene, combined with limited benzene, solved the problem.By 1935, there were seven different aviation grades based on octane rating, two Army grades, four Navy grades, and three commercial grades including the introduction of 100-octane aviation gasoline. By 1937, the... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
The refining industry could not concentrate on large capacity conversion processes for so many different grades and a solution had to be found. By 1941, principally through the efforts of the Cooperative Fuel Research Committee, the number of grades for aviation fuels was reduced to three: 73, 91, and 100 octane.The de... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
Some fellow employees would call his effort "Doolittle's million-dollar blunder" but time would prove Doolittle correct. Before this, the Army had considered 100-octane tests using pure octane but at $6.6 per liter ($25/U.S. | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
gal), the price prevented this from happening. In 1929, Stanavo Specification Board Inc. was organized by the Standard Oil companies of California, Indiana, and New Jersey to improve aviation fuels and oils and by 1935 had placed their first 100 octane fuel on the market, Stanavo Ethyl Gasoline 100. It was used by the ... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
By 1936, tests at Wright Field using the new, cheaper alternatives to pure octane proved the value of 100 octane fuel, and both Shell and Standard Oil would win the contract to supply test quantities for the Army. By 1938, the price was down to $0.046 per liter ($0.175/U.S. gal), only $0.0066 ($0.025) more than 87 octa... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
By the end of WWII, the price would be down to $0.042 per liter ($0.16/U.S. gal).In 1937, Eugene Houdry developed the Houdry process of catalytic cracking, which produced a high-octane base stock of gasoline which was superior to the thermally cracked product since it did not contain the high concentration of olefins. ... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
; by 1943, this had increased to 77, either of the Houdry process or of the Thermofor Catalytic or Fluid Catalyst type.The search for fuels with octane ratings above 100 led to the extension of the scale by comparing power output. A fuel designated grade 130 would produce 130 percent as much power in an engine as it wo... | Wikipedia - Gasoline - U.S., 1930–1941 |
In the five years spanning 2009 to 2013, HMM won more than 100 awards for its people and projects, including the following. 2013 Award of Excellence, Canadian Consulting Engineering Awards, Calgary West Light Rail Transit 2013 Award of Excellence, Canadian Consulting Engineering Awards, Squamish Pedestrian Overpass 201... | Wikipedia - Hatch Mott MacDonald - Awards |
In the fixed income markets, IDBs are specialized securities companies serving as intermediaries which facilitate transactions between broker/dealers and dealer banks in the debt markets.Broker/dealers and other financial institutions utilize the secondary fixed income markets to execute their customers’ orders, trade ... | Wikipedia - Inter-dealer broker - Fixed income securities |
IDBs in the secondary government, agencies, corporate and other debt markets, also known as “municipal securities broker’s brokers” in the municipal bond markets, are specialized securities companies who act as intermediaries working to facilitate transactions between broker/dealers and dealer banks in these markets. I... | Wikipedia - Inter-dealer broker - Fixed income securities |
The IDB community distributes information and facilitates transactions in the secondary, or wholesale, financial debt markets between dealers and dealer banks around the world. Typically, markets which make extensive use of IDBs include the corporate bond, fixed income derivatives, U.S. Government and Agency, municipal... | Wikipedia - Inter-dealer broker - Fixed income securities |
Inter-dealer brokers play varying roles in each of the fixed income markets and have become instrumental to their effectiveness and efficiency. IDBs draw together buyers and sellers so that trades can be executed by market participants. IDBs provide potential buyers and sellers with the critical market information they... | Wikipedia - Inter-dealer broker - Fixed income securities |
In the fixed point iteration scheme w k + 1 = prox γ R ( w k − γ ∇ F ( w k ) ) , {\displaystyle w^{k+1}=\operatorname {prox} _{\gamma R}\left(w^{k}-\gamma \nabla F\left(w^{k}\right)\right),} one can allow variable step size γ k {\displaystyle \gamma _{k}} instead of a constant γ {\displaystyle \gamma } . Numerous ada... | Wikipedia - Proximal gradient methods for learning - Adaptive step size |
In the fixed telephone network, a node may be a public or private telephone exchange, a remote concentrator or a computer providing some intelligent network service. In cellular communication, switching points and databases such as the base station controller, home location register, gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) an... | Wikipedia - Node (networking) - Telecommunications |
In the fixes that fail archetype, the problem is solved by some fix (a specific solution) with immediate positive effect. Nonetheless, the “side effects” of this solution turn out in the future. The best remedy seems to apply the same solution. Example: saving costs on maintenance, paying interest by other loans (with ... | Wikipedia - System archetype - Fixes that fail |
In the flat-rate model, the advertiser and publisher agree upon a fixed amount that will be paid for each click. In many cases, the publisher has a rate card that lists the pay-per-click (PPC) within different areas of their website or network. These various amounts are often related to the content on pages, with conte... | Wikipedia - Pay Per Click - Flat-rate PPC |
The flat-rate model is particularly common on comparison shopping engines, which typically publish rate cards. However, these rates are sometimes minimal, and advertisers can pay more for greater visibility. These sites are usually neatly compartmentalized into product or service categories, allowing a high degree of t... | Wikipedia - Pay Per Click - Flat-rate PPC |
In the flexed position, the collateral ligaments are relaxed while the cruciate ligaments are taut. Rotation is controlled by the twisted cruciate ligaments; the two ligaments get twisted around each other during medial rotation of the tibia—which reduces the amount of rotation possible—while they become unwound during... | Wikipedia - Congenital knee dislocation - Flexed position |
In the florescence of Puuc architecture (such as at the ancient Maya site of Uxmal) buildings were decorated with carefully cut veneer stones set into a concrete core. The lower portion of the façades are blank with a flat surface of rectangular blocks punctuated by doorways, while the upper façade is richly decorated ... | Wikipedia - Puuc - Puuc architecture |
Beyond the impressive decorative elements of Puuc architecture, the use of a concrete core is also considered an architectural advance beyond the earlier Maya technique of using larger stones (set on top of one another in lime and mud mortar) for structural support. The concrete core-veneer masonry allowed for slightly... | Wikipedia - Puuc - Puuc architecture |
The most famous of the Maya sites exhibiting the Puuc architectural style is Uxmal; other major Puuc-style sites in the region include Labna, Kabah, Sayil and Xlapak. The architectural style is also seen at Kiuic, Bolonchen, Chunhuhub, Xculoc, and many smaller ruins. The transition from earlier Classic Period architect... | Wikipedia - Puuc - Puuc architecture |
To the south, the style can be found in Edzná; and to the east at Chichen Itza (outside of the Puuc Hills region). As stated by the Maya explorer Teobert Maler, who explored this zone intensively, the area around the site of Dolores is full of ruins. The recently completed Chunhuaymil project compiled data of the remai... | Wikipedia - Puuc - Puuc architecture |
In the flow of compressible fluids such as air, and particularly the high-speed flow of compressible fluids, ρ v 2 / 2 {\displaystyle {\rho v^{2}}/2} (the dynamic pressure) is no longer an accurate measure of the difference between stagnation pressure and static pressure. Also, the familiar relationship that stagnation... | Wikipedia - Pressure coefficient - Compressible flow |
In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule(s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals. The pistil may be made up of one carpel or of s... | Wikipedia - Ovary (botany) - Summary |
In the fluoride volatility process, fluorine is reacted with the fuel. Fluorine is so much more reactive than even oxygen that small particles of ground oxide fuel will burst into flame when dropped into a chamber full of fluorine. This is known as flame fluorination; the heat produced helps the reaction proceed. | Wikipedia - Nuclear recycling - Fluoride volatility |
Most of the uranium, which makes up the bulk of the fuel, is converted to uranium hexafluoride, the form of uranium used in uranium enrichment, which has a very low boiling point. Technetium, the main long-lived fission product, is also efficiently converted to its volatile hexafluoride. A few other elements also form ... | Wikipedia - Nuclear recycling - Fluoride volatility |
The volatile fluorides can be separated from excess fluorine by condensation, then separated from each other by fractional distillation or selective reduction. Uranium hexafluoride and technetium hexafluoride have very similar boiling points and vapor pressures, which makes complete separation more difficult. Many of t... | Wikipedia - Nuclear recycling - Fluoride volatility |
Some transuranium elements such as plutonium, neptunium and americium can form volatile fluorides, but these compounds are not stable when the fluorine partial pressure is decreased. Most of the plutonium and some of the uranium will initially remain in ash which drops to the bottom of the flame fluorinator. The pluton... | Wikipedia - Nuclear recycling - Fluoride volatility |
Further fluorination of the ash can remove all the uranium, neptunium, and plutonium as volatile fluorides; however, some other minor actinides may not form volatile fluorides and instead remain with the alkaline fission products. Some noble metals may not form fluorides at all, but remain in metallic form; however rut... | Wikipedia - Nuclear recycling - Fluoride volatility |
The temperatures involved are much higher, but can be lowered somewhat by distilling in a vacuum. If a carrier salt like lithium fluoride or sodium fluoride is being used as a solvent, high-temperature distillation is a way to separate the carrier salt for reuse. Molten salt reactor designs carry out fluoride volatilit... | Wikipedia - Nuclear recycling - Fluoride volatility |
In the fly wing, the posterior and anterior halves of the tissue are populated by different kinds of cells that express different genes. Cells in the posterior but not the anterior express the transcription factor Engrailed (En). One of the genes activated by En is hedgehog (hh), a signaling factor. Hedgehog signaling ... | Wikipedia - Decapentaplegic - Role in imaginal wing disc |
The result is that Dpp is only produced in a narrow stripe of cells immediately adjacent to but not within the posterior half of the tissue. Dpp produced at this anterior/posterior border then diffuses out to the edges of the tissue, forming a spatial concentration gradient. By reading their position along the gradient... | Wikipedia - Decapentaplegic - Role in imaginal wing disc |
It is possible that it is not actually the diffusion and gradient of Dpp that patterns tissues, but instead cells that receive Dpp signal instruct their neighbors on what to be, and those cells in turn signal their neighbors in a cascade through the tissue. Several experiments have been done to disprove this hypothesis... | Wikipedia - Decapentaplegic - Role in imaginal wing disc |
Cells that contain this mutant receptor behave as if they are in an environment of high Dpp such as the area near the stripe of cells producing Dpp. By generating small patches of these cells in different parts of the wing tissue, investigators were able to distinguish how Dpp acts to pattern the tissue. If cells that ... | Wikipedia - Decapentaplegic - Role in imaginal wing disc |
However, if the physical presence of Dpp is necessary, then the cells near the mutants should not be affected at all. Experiments found the second case to be true, indicating that Dpp acts like a morphogen.The common way to assess differences in tissue patterning in the fly wing is to look at the pattern of veins in th... | Wikipedia - Decapentaplegic - Role in imaginal wing disc |
A problem common to organisms with multicellular organs that must grow from an initial size is how to know when to stop growing after the appropriate size is reached. Since Dpp is present in a gradient, it is conceivable that the slope of the gradient could be the measurement by which a tissue determines how large it i... | Wikipedia - Decapentaplegic - Role in imaginal wing disc |
In the flyer winding method, a winding is produced by feeding the wire via a roll or through a nozzle that is attached to a flyer that is rotating at a certain distance from the coil. The wire is fed by the flyer shaft. For winding the component to be wound, it needs to be fixed inside the winding area of the flyer. It... | Wikipedia - Coil winding technology - Flyer winding |
The fixation of the wire is made possible normally by the successive winding method (often used at rotary indexing tables): At the circumference of the table are wire clips or wire deflections that enable a pulling along and with it a fixation of the wire. This will allow a very quick component change, given that no se... | Wikipedia - Coil winding technology - Flyer winding |
As a result, it is not easily possible to clearly lay down or even to terminate the start and end wires onto the component to be wound. But it is certainly possible to produce also orthocyclic coils with the flyer winding process. Here, a self-guiding behavior of the wire on the coil surface is an advantage. | Wikipedia - Coil winding technology - Flyer winding |
As the component to be wound has to be presented only in the winding position and otherwise does not need to perform any movement during the winding process, also very bulky and massive products can be manufactured. One example is the rotors of electric motors (rotor winding technology, special form of the successive w... | Wikipedia - Coil winding technology - Flyer winding |
In the flying pterosaurs, the patagium was composed of the membrane forming the surface of the wing, supported primarily between the body and the elongated fourth finger. The patagium of a pterosaur had three distinct parts: Propatagium: the anterior-most membrane, extending from the shoulder to the wrist. Pterosaurs d... | Wikipedia - Interfemoral membrane - Pterosaurs |
Brachiopatagium: the main flight surface, stretching from the elongated fourth finger to the hindlimbs. Uropatagium or cruropatagium: the posterior-most membrane occurring between the two hindlimbs. A laser-simulated fluorescence scan on Pterodactylus also identified a membranous "fairing" (area conjunctioning the wing... | Wikipedia - Interfemoral membrane - Pterosaurs |
In the folk tale Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, the thieves' captain used the passphrase "Open, Sesame" to open the door to their loot depot. This was overheared by Ali Baba who later reused the passphrase to get access and collect as much of the loot as he could carry. | Wikipedia - Replay attack - In popular culture |
In the folk tradition, there are many traditional blues verses that have been sung over and over by many artists. Blues singers, who include many country and folk artists as well as those commonly identified with blues singers, use these traditional lyrics to fill out their blues performances. Artists like Jimmie Rodge... | Wikipedia - Traditional blues verses - Summary |
In the folklore of Afghanistan, Kampirak and his retinue pass village by village, distributing gathered charities among people. He is an old, bearded man wearing colorful clothes with a long hat and rosary who symbolizes beneficence and the power of nature yielding the forces of winter. The tradition is observed in cen... | Wikipedia - Nowruz - Kampirak |
In the folklore of Scandinavia, Tycho Brahe days (Danish: Tycho Brahes-dage; Norwegian: Tycho Brahedager; Swedish: Tycho Brahe-dagar) are days judged to be especially unlucky, especially for magical work, and important business transactions (and personal events). Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) was a Danish astronomer, astrolo... | Wikipedia - Tycho Brahe days - Summary |
In the folklore of several cultures, cats with tortoiseshell coloration are believed to bring good luck. In Ireland, tortoiseshell cats are considered to bring good luck to their owners. In the United States, tortoiseshells are sometimes referred to as money cats. | Wikipedia - Tortoiseshell cat - Folklore |
In Japan, tortoiseshell cats are considered to bring good luck against shipwrecks. There are some additional interpretations of the luck of tortoiseshell cats, such as the one in England that describes an announcement of misfortune when a strange tortoiseshell cat enters a house. In England, if a woman dreams of a tort... | Wikipedia - Tortoiseshell cat - Folklore |
In the follow-up phase of a Fagan inspection, defects fixed in the rework phase should be verified. The moderator is usually responsible for verifying rework. Sometimes fixed work can be accepted without being verified, such as when the defect was trivial. | Wikipedia - Fagan inspection - Follow-up |
In non-trivial cases, a full re-inspection is performed by the inspection team (not only the moderator). In this phase all the participants agree that the defects are addressed adequately. If verification fails, go back to the rework process. | Wikipedia - Fagan inspection - Follow-up |
In the following 1980s, other companies started selling their own versions of Simmons' electronic drums, notably Pearl, Roland and Yamaha. At that time, electronic drums were similar to 2016-era starter or entry-level kits. They consisted of rubber-coated sensor pads mounted on stands. The pads were created to be veloc... | Wikipedia - Electronic drums - 1980s-1990s |
In 1997, Roland introduced its TD-10 model, which had two major musical and electronic innovations. The first and more controversial innovation was its method of providing noises for the drums/pads to trigger, instead of generating its sound by using samples of an acoustic drum or cymbal. The TD-10 used mathematical mo... | Wikipedia - Electronic drums - 1980s-1990s |
While some drummers lamented the fact that the produced sound was not a "pure" sample of an acoustic instrument, others argued that simple replication of an acoustic drum was not desirable. Secondly, instead of rubber-coated pads, Roland featured a new mesh-like pad, produced in collaboration with acoustic drum skin ma... | Wikipedia - Electronic drums - 1980s-1990s |
The Remo/Roland mesh surface is made from a double layer of taut woven mesh fibers, fitted with several electronic sensors or triggers. The playing feel is close to that of striking an acoustic drum, but with more bounce than an acoustic skin. Roland termed its commercial drum set "V-Drums", which later became the mark... | Wikipedia - Electronic drums - 1980s-1990s |
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