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several languages like tidore and kuuk thaayorre lack a general term meaning'body '. on the basis of such data it has been argued that the highest level in the partonomy of body part terms would be the word for'person '. some other examples of proposed linguistic universals in semantics include the idea that all langua... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunications, return loss is a measure in relative terms of the power of the signal reflected by a discontinuity in a transmission line or optical fiber. this discontinuity can be caused by a mismatch between the termination or load connected to the line and the characteristic impedance of the line. it is usua... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
" the roman rite of the catholic church also mentions use of blessed salt. the 1962 rituale romanum includes salt as component in three rites : baptism : before the candidates enter the church or baptistry, salt is blessed with an exorcism, and a pinch can be put in the mouth of the candidates. however, in modern pract... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic, a boolean - valued model is a generalization of the ordinary tarskian notion of structure from model theory. in a boolean - valued model, the truth values of propositions are not limited to " true " and " false ", but instead take values in some fixed complete boolean algebra. boolean - valued mo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
much of the data stored and manipulated on computers, including text and images, can be represented as points in a high - dimensional space ( see vector space model for the case of text ). however, the essential algorithms for working with such data tend to become bogged down very quickly as dimension increases. it is ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
nephology is the science of clouds, which is undertaken in the cloud physics branch of meteorology. there are two methods of naming clouds in their respective layers of the homosphere, latin and common name. genus types in the troposphere, the atmospheric layer closest to earth's surface, have latin names because of th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a particularly important application of dirichlet processes is as a prior probability distribution in infinite mixture models. the dirichlet process was formally introduced by thomas ferguson in 1973. it has since been applied in data mining and machine learning, among others for natural language processing, computer v... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some languages, e. g., rexx, no control expression is allowed and each alternative begins with a when clause containing a boolean expression and a match occurs for the first case for which that expression evaluates to true. each alternative begins with the particular value, or list of values ( see below ), that the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in non - synapsids, such as reptiles and crocodiles, teeth similar to canines may be termed " caniniform " ( " canine - shaped " ) teeth. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in set theory, cantor's paradox states that there is no set of all cardinalities. this is derived from the theorem that there is no greatest cardinal number. in informal terms, the paradox is that the collection of all possible " infinite sizes " is not only infinite, but so infinitely large that its own infinite size ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the case of two nested square roots, the following theorem completely solves the problem of denesting. if a and c are rational numbers and c is not the square of a rational number, there are two rational numbers x and y such that if and only if a 2 − c { \ displaystyle a ^ { 2 } - c ~ } is the square of a rational n... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a matroid polytope, also called a matroid basis polytope ( or basis matroid polytope ) to distinguish it from other polytopes derived from a matroid, is a polytope constructed via the bases of a matroid. given a matroid m { \ displaystyle m }, the matroid polytope p m { \ displaystyle p _ { m } } is the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the expression for vector { x } { \ displaystyle \ { \ x \ } } may be written as { x } = { x ′ } + { δ x } { \ displaystyle \ { \ x \ } = \ { \ x'\ } + \ { \ delta \ x \ } } the vector { x } { \ displaystyle \ { \ x \ } } determination is related to minimization of the quadratic form π { \ displaystyle \ \ pi } by incr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, issai schur showed in 1912 that for every nonconstant polynomial p ( x ) with integer coefficients, if s is the set of all nonzero values { p ( n ) = 0 : n ∈ n } { \ displaystyle { \ begin { bmatrix } p ( n ) \ neq 0 : n \ in \ mathbb { n } \ end { bmatrix } } }, then the set of primes that divide som... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
( e. g. ( a * b ) * c = a * ( b * c ) ). many programming language manuals provide a table of operator precedence and associativity ; see, for example, the table for c and c + +. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in practical implementations, especially with high dimensional data ( large p ), the naive covariance method is rarely used because it is not efficient due to high computational and memory costs of explicitly determining the covariance matrix. the covariance - free approach avoids the np2 operations of explicitly calcu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
again, a measure of distance between random variables may relate to the extent of dependence between them, rather than to their individual values. statistical distance measures are not typically metrics, and they need not be symmetric. some types of distance measures, which generalize squared distance, are referred to ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunication, a berger code is a unidirectional error detecting code, named after its inventor, j. m. berger. berger codes can detect all unidirectional errors. unidirectional errors are errors that only flip ones into zeroes or only zeroes into ones, such as in asymmetric channels. the check bits of berger cod... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in practice, many commercial recommender systems are based on large datasets. as a result, the user - item matrix used for collaborative filtering could be extremely large and sparse, which brings about challenges in the performance of the recommendation. one typical problem caused by the data sparsity is the cold star... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the above property may then be stated as ( a ∈ a ).! | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
minimum excluded values of subclasses of the ordinal numbers are used in combinatorial game theory to assign nim - values to impartial games. according to the sprague – grundy theorem, the nim - value of a game position is the minimum excluded value of the class of values of the positions that can be reached in a singl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
also, an explicit matrix for qkâ„“ is rarely computed ; instead, auxiliary values are computed and a is updated in an efficient and numerically stable way. however, for reference, we may write the matrix as q k â„“ =. { \ displaystyle q _ { k \ ell } = { \ begin { bmatrix } 1 & & & & & & \ \ & \ ddots & & & & 0 & \ \ & & c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory and statistics, the negative multinomial distribution is a generalization of the negative binomial distribution ( nb ( x0, p ) ) to more than two outcomes. as with the univariate negative binomial distribution, if the parameter x 0 { \ displaystyle x _ { 0 } } is a positive integer, the negative m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
choosing large public key : replace e { \ displaystyle e } by e ′ { \ displaystyle e'}, where e ′ = e + k ⋅ λ ( n ) { \ displaystyle e'= e + k \ cdot \ lambda ( n ) } for some large of k { \ displaystyle k }. when e ′ { \ displaystyle e'} is large enough, i. e. e ′ > n 3 2 { \ displaystyle e'> n ^ { \ frac { 3 } { 2 } ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunications and computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows more than two terminals connected to the same transmission medium to transmit over it and to share its capacity. examples of shared physical media are wireless networks, bus networks, ring networks and point - to - poi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
he also describes the way that entities will be allowed in or out in the future. in describing this collective, latour draws attention to the role of the spokesperson, who must be doubted but who must speak for otherwise mute things in order to ensure that the collective involves both " humans and non - humans ". this ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, it is possible to model and measure geometrically the distance between a particular pitch and a particular key, both represented as points in the spiral array space. to preserve pitch spelling, because musically a # = bb in their function and usage, the spiral array does not assume enharmonic equivalence, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the early 19th century, sophie germain developed several novel approaches to prove fermat's last theorem for all exponents. first, she defined a set of auxiliary primes θ { \ displaystyle \ theta } constructed from the prime exponent p { \ displaystyle p } by the equation θ = 2 h p + 1 { \ displaystyle \ theta = 2hp... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the field of data compression, shannon – fano coding, named after claude shannon and robert fano, is a name given to two different but related techniques for constructing a prefix code based on a set of symbols and their probabilities ( estimated or measured ). shannon's method chooses a prefix code where a source s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, an odd integer n is called an euler – jacobi probable prime ( or, more commonly, an euler probable prime ) to base a, if a and n are coprime, and a ( n − 1 ) / 2 ≡ ( a n ) ( mod n ) { \ displaystyle a ^ { ( n - 1 ) / 2 } \ equiv \ left ( { \ frac { a } { n } } \ right ) { \ pmod { n } } } where ( a n ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in predicate transformers semantics, expressions are restricted to terms of the logic ( see above ). however, this restriction seems too strong for most existing programming languages, where expressions may have side effects ( call to a function having a side effect ), may not terminate or abort ( like division by zero... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, logic, philosophy, and formal systems, a primitive notion is a concept that is not defined in terms of previously - defined concepts. it is often motivated informally, usually by an appeal to intuition and everyday experience. in an axiomatic theory, relations between primitive notions are restricted by... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in a true scientific process, no consensus does exist and no consensus can exist as the process is conducted scientifically in the pursuit of knowledge. if any party involved in the process stands to personally lose or gain from the result, the process will be flawed and unscientific. in a true scientific process, a th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for a binary channel the symbols ( e. g. integers { 1, …, 9 } { \ displaystyle \ { 1, \ ldots, 9 \ } } ) have to be mapped onto base 2. the binary erasure channel model however is not applicable because it erases only individual bits with some probability and not sudoku symbols. if the symbols of the sudoku are sent in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
each processor also included a floating point unit from weitek. for marketing purposes, each processor was called a " computational unit ", and a card - cage populated with 16 was referred to as a " processor ". this allowed favorable per - processor performance comparisons with other supercomputers of the era. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
phones ( and often also phonemes ) are commonly represented by using symbols of the international phonetic alphabet ( ipa ). for example, the english word spin consists of four phones,,, and and so the word has the phonetic representation. the word pin has three phones. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to determine the actual impacts of search customization on end users, researchers at northeastern university determined in a study with logged in users vs. a control group that 11. 7 % of results show differences due to personalization. the research showed that this result varies widely by search query and res... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the set of n { \ displaystyle n } - tuples of real numbers ( x 1, … x n ) { \ displaystyle ( x _ { 1 }, \ dots x _ { n } ) } for which f ( x 1, … x n ) { \ displaystyle f ( x _ { 1 }, \ dots x _ { n } ) } is true is called a semialgebraic set, so the decision problem for the existential theory of the reals can equivale... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
further, in on similar arcs, he commented on ptolemy's karpos ( or centiloquium ) ; many scholars believe that ibn yusuf was in fact the true author of that work. he also wrote a book on the astrolabe. he invented methods to solve tax problems that were later presented in fibonacci's liber abaci. he was also quoted by ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the cluster of nuclear profiles was calculated based on their similarity to each other using a k - means clustering method. to begin the process, three nuclear profiles were chosen at random as the ‘ centers ’ of the cluster. after the centers were chosen at random, every other nuclear profile is assigned to a cluster ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the branch of mathematics called order theory, a modular lattice is a lattice that satisfies the following self - dual condition, modular law a ≤ b implies a ∨ ( x ∧ b ) = ( a ∨ x ) ∧ bwhere x, a, b are arbitrary elements in the lattice, ≤ is the partial order, and ∨ and ∧ ( called join and meet respectively ) are t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunication and information theory, the code rate ( or information rate ) of a forward error correction code is the proportion of the data - stream that is useful ( non - redundant ). that is, if the code rate is k / n { \ displaystyle k / n } for every k bits of useful information, the coder generates a total... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
, p + q ) { \ displaystyle ( \ alpha ^ { p } \ smile \ beta ^ { q } ) ( \ sigma ) = \ alpha ^ { p } ( \ sigma \ circ \ iota _ { 0, 1,... p } ) \ cdot \ beta ^ { q } ( \ sigma \ circ \ iota _ { p, p + 1,..., p + q } ) } where σ is a singular ( p + q ) - simplex and ι s, s ⊂ { 0, 1,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical terms, a molp can be written as : min x p x s. t. a ≤ b x ≤ b, ℓ ≤ x ≤ u { \ displaystyle \ min _ { x } px \ quad { \ text { s. t. } } \ quad a \ leq bx \ leq b, \ ; \ ell \ leq x \ leq u } where b { \ displaystyle b } is an ( m × n ) { \ displaystyle ( m \ times n ) } matrix, p { \ displaystyle p } is ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory, the central limit theorem states that, under certain circumstances, the probability distribution of the scaled mean of a random sample converges to a normal distribution as the sample size increases to infinity. under stronger assumptions, the berry – esseen theorem, or berry – esseen inequality,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in one of the early works, chang and roberts proposed a uniform algorithm in which a processor with the highest id is selected as the leader. each processor sends its id in a clockwise direction. a process receiving a message and compares it with its own. if it is bigger, it passes it through, otherwise it will discard... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in terms of the singular value decomposition ( svd ) of a { \ displaystyle a }, a = w σ v ∗ { \ displaystyle a = w \ sigma v ^ { * } }, one haswhere u { \ displaystyle u }, v { \ displaystyle v }, and w { \ displaystyle w } are unitary matrices ( called orthogonal matrices if the field is the reals r { \ displaystyle \... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
nevertheless, numerous early counter - mapping projects successfully utilised manual techniques, and many still use them. for instance, in recent years, the use of simple sketch mapping approaches has been revitalised, whereby maps are made on the ground, using natural materials. similarly, the use of scale model const... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, kaprekar's routine is an iterative algorithm named after its inventor, indian mathematician d. r. kaprekar. each iteration starts with a number, sorts the digits into descending and ascending order, and calculates the difference between the two new numbers. as an example, starting with the number 8991... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
x } } \ right ) } uniformly in θ { \ displaystyle \ theta }. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector ( often a spatial vector ) of length 1. a unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or " hat ", as in v ^ { \ displaystyle { \ hat { \ mathbf { v } } } } ( pronounced " v - hat " ). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it also includes reciprocals of some numbers of more than six places, such as 323 ( 2 1 4 8 3 0 7 in sexagesimal ), whose reciprocal has 17 sexagesimal digits. noting the difficulty of both calculating these numbers and sorting them, donald knuth in 1972 hailed inaqibıt - anu as " the first man in history to solve a co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the real number system, square numbers are non - negative. a non - negative integer is a square number when its square root is again an integer. for example, 9 = 3, { \ displaystyle { \ sqrt { 9 } } = 3, } so 9 is a square number. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, the hasse norm theorem states that if l / k is a cyclic extension of number fields, then if a nonzero element of k is a local norm everywhere, then it is a global norm. here to be a global norm means to be an element k of k such that there is an element l of l with n l / k ( l ) = k { \ displaystyle \... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, nonlinear programming ( nlp ) is the process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints or the objective function are nonlinear. an optimization problem is one of calculation of the extrema ( maxima, minima or stationary points ) of an objective function over a set of unknown real ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the agile development process, unit testing is done per user story and comes in the later half of the sprint after requirements gathering and development are complete. typically, the developers or other members from the development team, such as consultants, will write step - by - step'test scripts'for the developer... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a subset of a given set is closed under an operation of the larger set if performing that operation on members of the subset always produces a member of that subset. for example, the natural numbers are closed under addition, but not under subtraction : 1 − 2 is not a natural number, although both 1 and... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in quicksort, one of the critical operations is choosing the pivot : the element around which the list is partitioned. the simplest pivot selection algorithm is to take the first or the last element of the list as the pivot, causing poor behavior for the case of sorted or nearly sorted input. niklaus wirth's variant us... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical optimization, the revised simplex method is a variant of george dantzig's simplex method for linear programming. the revised simplex method is mathematically equivalent to the standard simplex method but differs in implementation. instead of maintaining a tableau which explicitly represents the constrai... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the case of a binary repetition code, there exist two code words - all ones and all zeros - which have a length of n { \ displaystyle n }. therefore, the minimum hamming distance of the code equals its length n { \ displaystyle n }. this gives the repetition code an error correcting capacity of n − 1 2 { \ displayst... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the addition of an instruction pipeline changes this. in such machines the cpu will " look ahead " and begin fetching succeeding instructions while the current instruction is still being processed. in this assembly line fashion any one instruction still requires as long to complete, but as soon as it finishes executing... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the communications decency act of 1996, section 230 states that " no provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider ". section 230 protects the media from liabilities or being sued of third - party c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
since this happens o ( p ) times, the total time complexity is o ( p3 ). a more efficient multiplication algorithm is the schonhage – strassen algorithm, which is based on the fast fourier transform. it only requires o ( p log p log log p ) time to square a p - bit number. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in metal typesetting some fonts have default increased or decreased leading. to achieve this, a smaller font face is cast on the body of a larger font or vice versa. such fonts are usually called " bastard " fonts or types. in the notation they are usually written with the face and the body size separated by a slash, l... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
plans that include nationwide long distance and / or nationwide roaming at no additional charge over " local " outgoing calls are popular. mobile networks in europe, asia ( except hong kong, macau ( macao ) and singapore ), australia, and argentina only charge their subscribers for outgoing calls. incoming calls are fr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the current cellular location of the phone ( i. e., which bts it is at ) is entered into the vlr record and will be used during a process called paging when the gsm network wishes to locate the mobile phone. every sim card contains a secret key, called the ki, which is used to provide authentication and encryption serv... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
intuitively, when two programs of equal size are mated intimately, the complexity is not additive, but multiplicative, because the connections between the program halves multiply out of control. another lesson from the z80 days, which was corrected on the 80386 compiler, was to write as much of the code as possible int... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in modern linguistic theory, tense is understood as a category that expresses ( grammaticalizes ) time reference ; namely one which, using grammatical means, places a state or action in time. nonetheless, in many descriptions of languages, particularly in traditional european grammar, the term " tense " is applied to v... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
primes including 2 are the only primes that exist. if either pn # + 1 or pn # − 1 is a primorial prime, it means that there are larger primes than the nth prime ( if neither is a prime, that also proves the infinitude of primes, but less directly ; each of these two numbers has a remainder of either p − 1 or 1 when div... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the context of quantum computing, the quantum walk search is a quantum algorithm for finding a marked node in a graph. the concept of a quantum walk is inspired by classical random walks, in which a walker moves randomly through a graph or lattice. in a classical random walk, the position of the walker can be descri... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the case of private persons, calls and conversations may be recorded by any active participant. there is no requirement to make other parties aware of the recording, but the use of recordings, depending on their content, may be subject to various laws, such as data protection ( privacy ) legislation, libel laws, law... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the unicode standard v. 5. 1 ( 4 april 2008 ), 152 medieval and classical glyphs were given specific locations outside of the private use area. specifically, they are located in the charts " combining diacritical marks supplement " ( 26 characters ), " latin extended additional " ( 10 characters ), " supplemental pu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in personal computers, the igp ( integrated graphics processors ) are mostly manufactured by intel and amd and are integrated onto their cpus. they are commonly known as : intel hd and iris graphics - also called hd series and iris series amd accelerated processing unit ( apu ) - also formerly known as : fusion | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistical hypothesis testing, there are various notions of so - called type iii errors ( or errors of the third kind ), and sometimes type iv errors or higher, by analogy with the type i and type ii errors of jerzy neyman and egon pearson. fundamentally, type iii errors occur when researchers provide the right ans... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, reversing the digits of a number n sometimes produces another number m that is divisible by n. this happens trivially when n is a palindromic number ; the nontrivial reverse divisors are 1089, 2178, 10989, 21978, 109989, 219978, 1099989, 2199978,... ( sequence a008919 in the oeis ). for instance, 1089... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, an optimality criterion provides a measure of the fit of the data to a given hypothesis, to aid in model selection. a model is designated as the " best " of the candidate models if it gives the best value of an objective function measuring the degree of satisfaction of the criterion used to evaluate the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the area of communications research and informetrics, the concept of self - organizing systems appears in mid - 1990s research related to scientific communications. scientometrics and bibliometrics are areas of research in which discrete data are available, as are several other areas of social communications researc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in specifying disk drive capacities, manufacturers have always used conventional decimal si prefixes representing powers of 10. storage in a rotating disk drive is organized in platters and tracks whose sizes and counts are determined by mechanical engineering constraints so that the capacity of a disk drive has hardly... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
let the interest r follow a markov process with probability transition function q ( r, d μ r ) { \ displaystyle q ( r, d \ mu _ { r } ) } where d μ r { \ displaystyle d \ mu _ { r } } denotes the probability measure governing the distribution of interest rate next period if current interest rate is r { \ displaystyle r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to define a { \ displaystyle a }, we define an objective function describing classification accuracy in the transformed space and try to determine a ∗ { \ displaystyle a ^ { * } } such that this objective function is maximized. a ∗ = argmax a f ( a ) { \ displaystyle a ^ { * } = { \ mbox { argmax } } _ { a } f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in other words, if we replace its directed edges with undirected edges, we obtain an undirected graph that is acyclic. a polytree is an example of an oriented graph. the term polytree was coined in 1987 by rebane and pearl. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in medicine, a sequence is a series of ordered consequences due to a single cause. it differs from a syndrome in that seriality is more predictable : if a causes b, and b causes c, and c causes d, then d would not be seen if c is not seen. however, in less formal contexts, the term " syndrome " is sometimes used instea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this is a general advantage of the axiomatic approach in mathematics. the axiomatic approach to kolmogorov complexity was further developed in the book ( burgin 2005 ) and applied to software metrics ( burgin and debnath, 2003 ; debnath and burgin, 2003 ). in information theory, information fluctuation complexity is th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it is very similar to the z - score but with the difference that t - statistic is used when the sample size is small or the population standard deviation is unknown. for example, the t - statistic is used in estimating the population mean from a sampling distribution of sample means if the population standard deviation... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a submodular set function ( also known as a submodular function ) is a set function that, informally, describes the relationship between a set of inputs and an output, where adding more of one input has a decreasing additional benefit ( diminishing returns ). the natural diminishing returns property whi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the event of accumulation in the long - term, the capacity at which the bottlenecked machine is running could be so slow that the accumulated resources that are in the queue need to be stored. the cost of storing resources is significant as it takes resources to transport the materials back and forth as well as requ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
programming languages may, however, share the syntax with markup languages if a computational semantics is defined. xslt, for example, is a turing complete language entirely using xml syntax. moreover, latex, which is mostly used for structuring documents, also contains a turing complete subset. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunications, the term system integrity has the following meanings : that condition of a system wherein its mandated operational and technical parameters are within the prescribed limits. the quality of an ais when it performs its intended function in an unimpaired manner, free from deliberate or inadvertent u... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
corners are detected through the simplest implementation which literally extracts a ring of 16 pixels and compares the intensity values with an appropriate threshold. for candidate p, each location on the circle x ∈ { 1, 2, 3,..., 16 } can be denoted by p→x. the state of each pixel, sp→x must be in one of the following... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in recent years, it has become a popular subject of discourse among test - takers on various social media networks. many of them poke fun at passages or questions in the psat that they find strange or amusing. the level of discussion is so significant that in 2013, the hashtag # psat reached trending status on twitter ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the case that x and y are both finite - dimensional ( i. e. linearly isomorphic to rm and rn for some natural numbers m and n ) then writing out equation ( l ) in matrix form shows that λ is the usual lagrange multiplier vector ; in the case n = 1, λ is the usual lagrange multiplier, a real number. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the below table, columns i, ii, iii, iv, and v show the code ; the let. and fig. columns show the letters and numbers for the continental and uk versions ; and the sort keys present the table in the order : alphabetical, gray and uk baudot developed his first multiplexed telegraph in 1872 and patented it in 1874. in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
so, given an integral domain r, it is often very useful to know that r has a euclidean function : in particular, this implies that r is a pid. however, if there is no " obvious " euclidean function, then determining whether r is a pid is generally a much easier problem than determining whether it is a euclidean domain.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for tossing two coins, the sample space is { h h, h t, t h, t t } { \ displaystyle \ { hh, ht, th, tt \ } }, where the outcome is h h { \ displaystyle hh } if both coins are heads, h t { \ displaystyle ht } if the first coin is heads and the second is tails, t h { \ displaystyle th } if the first coin is tails and the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in particular, support vector machines find a hyperplane that separates the feature space into two classes with the maximum margin. if the problem is not originally linearly separable, the kernel trick can be used to turn it into a linearly separable one, by increasing the number of dimensions. thus a general hypersurf... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle k / p. } the ring k / ( p ) { \ displaystyle k / ( p ) } is a field if and only if p is an irreducible polynomial. in fact, if p is irreducible, every nonzero polynomial q of lower degree is coprime with p, and bezout's identity allows computing r and s such that sp + qr = 1 ; so, r is the multiplicati... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this is due, in part, because two isps may be connected through multiple connections. in choosing the single router - level path, it is common practice for each isp to employ hot - potato routing : sending traffic along the path that minimizes the distance through the isp's own network — even if that path lengthens the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, particularly in set theory, the aleph numbers are a sequence of numbers used to represent the cardinality ( or size ) of infinite sets that can be well - ordered. they were introduced by the mathematician georg cantor and are named after the symbol he used to denote them, the hebrew letter aleph ( { \ d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in practice, the most common form of pre - emption right is the right of existing shareholders to acquire new shares issued by a company in a rights issue, usually a public offering. in this context, the pre - emptive right is also called subscription right or subscription privilege. it is the right but not the obligat... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
however, only two of these symbols were used for letters, making it largely binary. the third symbol only appeared in control characters. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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