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i think the answer to your first question is simply in the affirmative. take any issue of statistical science, jasa, annals of statistics of the past 10 years and you'll find papers on boosting, svm, and neural networks, although this area is less active now. statisticians have appropriated the work of valiant and vapn... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
there's rarely a good reason to use a hard - masked genome ( sometimes for blast, but that's it ). for that reason, we use soft - masked genomes, which only have the benefit of showing roughly where repeats are ( we never make use of this for our * - seq experiments, but it's there in case we ever want to ). for primar... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the problem is that people are often sloppy with the definition of quantities. the equilibrium constant $ k $ in your first equation is indeed a dimensionless quantity while the equilibrium constant $ k _ c $ that is usually used to describe an equilibrium in a solution is not. i will take some detour to show where the... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
} \ biggr ) \ right ) _ { t } = \ biggl ( \ frac { \ partial } { \ partial n _ { i } } \ underbrace { \ biggl ( \ frac { \ partial g ^ { * } _ { i } } { \ partial p } \ biggr ) } _ { = \, v _ { i } } \ biggr ) _ { t } = \ left ( \ frac { \ partial v _ { i } } { \ partial n _ { i } } \ right ) _ { t } \ end { equation }... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
^ { p } \ frac { 1 } { p } \ mathrm { d } p = rt \ int _ { p _ { i } } ^ { p } \ mathrm { d } \ ln p \, \ end { equation } so that, introducing the mole fraction $ x _ { i } $, \ begin { equation } \ mu _ { i } ^ { * } ( p _ { i }, t ) = \ mu _ { i } ^ { * } ( p, t ) + rt \ ln \ bigl ( \ underbrace { \ frac { p _ { i }... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
\ begin { equation } \ delta g = \ underbrace { \ sum _ i \ nu _ { i } \ mu _ { i } ^ { 0 } } _ { = \, \ delta g ^ { 0 } } + rt \ underbrace { \ sum _ i \ nu _ { i } \ ln a _ { i } } _ { = \, \ ln \ prod _ { i } [ a _ { i } ] ^ { \ nu _ { i } } } = \ delta g ^ { 0 } + rt \ ln \ prod _ { i } [ a _ { i } ] ^ { \ nu _ { i... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
{ equation } it is more or less proportional to $ k $ and thus gives qualitatively the same information. edit : if the solution at hand behaves like an ideal solution then by definition it's activity / fugacity coefficient is equal to one. furthermore the state of ideality is defined with respect to standard states : f... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
first, has anybody ever seen anything at all like this before? yes, and in fact the interesting patterns that arise here are more than just a mathematical curiosity, they can be interpreted to have a physical context. statistical mechanics in a simple spin system, say the ising model, a discrete set of points are arran... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the system we find the zeros of the partition function $ \ mathcal { z } = 0 $. this zero will correspond to a particular temperature $ t $. in this case the only temperature we get is a complex one... complex temperatures? before you discount the idea that a temperature not on the real number line is impossible ( and ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
i'm extremely skeptical of @ leonardo's answer. i suspect that what would happen if you drank only distilled water is nothing perceptible. the only place where concentrations of distilled water would ever be high enough to conceivably matter is in the tissues of the mouth and throat, and even there, the effect would be... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
##tremia if you were to drink nothing but tap water, though perhaps slightly more slowly. | https://api.stackexchange.com |
first of all, there's no reason that an agent has to do the greedy action ; agents can explore or they can follow options. this is not what separates on - policy from off - policy learning. the reason that q - learning is off - policy is that it updates its q - values using the q - value of the next state $ s'$ and the... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
historically, when leibniz conceived of the notation, $ \ frac { dy } { dx } $ was supposed to be a quotient : it was the quotient of the " infinitesimal change in $ y $ produced by the change in $ x $ " divided by the " infinitesimal change in $ x $ ". however, the formulation of calculus with infinitesimals in the us... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
of - a - quotient as a - quotient - of - the - limits ( both numerator and denominator go to zero ), then the derivative is not a quotient. however, leibniz's notation is very suggestive and very useful ; even though derivatives are not really quotients, in many ways they behave as if they were quotients. so we have th... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
difficulties with infinitesimals ; this is called nonstandard analysis. it's pretty difficult to explain how one sets it up, but you can think of it as creating two classes of real numbers : the ones you are familiar with, that satisfy things like the archimedean property, the supremum property, and so on, and then you... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
i agree that the windowing filter design method is not one of the most important design methods anymore, and it might indeed be the case that it is overrepresented in traditional textbooks, probably due to historical reasons. however, i think that its use can be justified in certain situations. i do not agree that comp... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
##s. the difference in transition band width may be small, but filter properties are very sensitive to this parameter. there is no doubt that the least squares filter outperforms the other filter when it comes to stop band energy, but that's not as easy to see as ripple size. and the question remains if that difference... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
this is one of those terribly simple questions which is also astonishingly insightful and surprisingly a big deal in physics. i'd like to commend you for the question! the classical mechanics answer is " because we say it doesn't. " one of the peculiarities about science is that it doesn't tell you the true answer, in ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
of the spectrum, general relativity is substantially focused on modeling how gravity works on a universal scale ( where objects are big enough that measuring gravitational effects is relatively easy ). in general relativity, we see the concept of gravity as distortions in space time, creating all sorts of wonderful vis... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
tail recursion is a special case of recursion where the calling function does no more computation after making a recursive call. for example, the function int f ( int x, int y ) { if ( y = = 0 ) { return x ; } return f ( x * y, y - 1 ) ; } is tail recursive ( since the final instruction is a recursive call ) whereas th... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
introduce the vector $ y : = - a ^ { - 1 } gx $ and solve the large coupled system $ ay + gx = 0 $, $ g ^ ty = - b $ for $ ( y, x ) $ simultaneously, using an iterative method. if $ a $ is symmetric ( as seems likely though you don't state it explicitly ) then the system is symmetric ( but indefinite, though quasidefin... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the standard deviation calculated with a divisor of $ n - 1 $ is a standard deviation calculated from the sample as an estimate of the standard deviation of the population from which the sample was drawn. because the observed values fall, on average, closer to the sample mean than to the population mean, the standard d... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the art of electronics : paul horowitz and winfield hill often described as the bible of electronics. its fair to say that if you buy this one, you wont need another for a while! contents : foundations voltage and current ; passive components ; signals ; complex analysis made simple. transistors an easy - to - use tran... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
and grounding. a unique graphical method for streamlined low - noise amplifier analysis. autonulling amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, isolation amplifiers. digital electronics combinational and sequential design with standard ics, and with plds. all you wanted to know about timing, logic races, runt pulses, cloc... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
clear : signal averaging, multichannel scaling, lock - in amplifiers, and pulse - height analysis. it takes a bit of a commitment to read it all, but it is the sort of book that you can pick from. not to heavy on the maths. | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the following ring opening reaction will occour : you are quite right about the angle strain. because orbital interactions are not optimal in this geometry. consider p - orbitals, then a natural bond angle would be $ \ theta \ in [ 90 ^ \ circ ; 180 ^ \ circ ] $. a mixing of s - and p - type orbitals allows a wide rang... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
##phile. the mechanism is analogous to the addition of bromine to ethene, which is nicely described at chemguide. co. uk. the essential part is the attack of the bromine at the homo ( s ). the ring opening reaction can be reversed by adding sodium. however, when there are bromine radicals present ( uv light ) then subs... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
laplace of gaussian the laplace of gaussian ( log ) of image $ f $ can be written as $ $ \ nabla ^ 2 ( f * g ) = f * \ nabla ^ 2 g $ $ with $ g $ the gaussian kernel and $ * $ the convolution. that is, the laplace of the image smoothed by a gaussian kernel is identical to the image convolved with the laplace of the gau... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the middle and 1 in its four edge neighbors. the ricker wavelet or mexican hat operator are identical to the log, up to scaling and normalization. difference of gaussians the difference of gaussians ( dog ) of image $ f $ can be written as $ $ f * g _ { ( 1 ) } - f * g _ { ( 2 ) } = f * ( g _ { ( 1 ) } - g _ { ( 2 ) } ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
yes, larger animals do experience larger delays in movement. there have been studies of size difference vs sensorimotor delays in terrestrial mammals, that graph is for innate reflexes of a needle to the hind versus a kick - time. perhaps no one dared to prick a blue whale. elephant vs shrew, heartbeat of 30 vs 1500 bp... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the simplest approach is to do some kind of spline interpolation like jim clay suggests ( linear or otherwise ). however, if you have the luxury of batch processing, and especially if you have an overdetermined set of nonuniform samples, there's a " perfect reconstruction " algorithm that's extremely elegant. for numer... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
_ m - t } { t } ) & \ mathrm { sinc } ( \ frac { t _ m - 2t } { t } ) & \ cdots & \ mathrm { sinc } ( \ frac { t _ m - nt } { t } ) \ end { bmatrix } \ begin { bmatrix } y ( t ) \ \ y ( 2t ) \ \ \ cdots \ \ y ( nt ) \ end { bmatrix }. $ $ in the above equation, $ n $ is the number of unknown uniform samples, $ t $ is t... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
) py. ylim ( [ - 1. 8, 1. 8 ] ) py. plot ( hires. x, hires. y,'k - ', alpha =. 5 ) def _ plot ( self, title ) : py. grid ( ) py. title ( title ) py. xlim ( [ 0. 0, 1. 0 ] ) def sinc _ resample ( self, xnew ) : m, n = ( len ( self. x ), len ( xnew ) ) t = 1. / n a = np. zeros ( ( m, n ) ) for i in range ( 0, m ) : a [ i... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
/ float ( n ) ) uneven = sample ( f, jittered _ grid ( m ) ) hires = sample ( f, grid ( 10 * n ) ) sinc = uneven. sinc _ resample ( even. x ) spline = uneven. spline _ resample ( even. x ) sinc _ err = error ( sinc, even ) spline _ err = error ( spline, even ) # plot labels sn = lambda x, n : " % sly sampled ( % s poin... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
i've been doing a little more digging myself and have found a couple of other advantages : risk of venous - thromboembolism ( deep vein thrombosis / pulmonary embolism ( 1 ) ). blood group o individuals are at lower risk of the above conditions due to reduced levels of von willebrand factor ( 2 ) and factor viii clotti... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
$ r ^ 2 $ compares the fit of the chosen model with that of a horizontal straight line ( the null hypothesis ). if the chosen model fits worse than a horizontal line, then $ r ^ 2 $ is negative. note that $ r ^ 2 $ is not always the square of anything, so it can have a negative value without violating any rules of math... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
forecastability you are right that this is a question of forecastability. there have been a few articles on forecastability in the iif's practitioner - oriented journal foresight. ( full disclosure : i'm an associate editor. ) the problem is that forecastability is already hard to assess in " simple " cases. a few exam... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
per donald rumsfeld : [ t ] here are known knowns ; there are things we know we know. we also know there are known unknowns ; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. but there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don't know we don't know. if easter or canadians'predilection for hockey are unknow... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
fundamentally, it basically boils down to the fact that the software is way easier to design with only 45° angles. modern autorouters are getting better, but most of the pcb tools available have roots that go back to the dos days, and therefore there is an enormous amount of legacy pressure to not completely redesign t... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the associated cost of bfgs may be brought more in line with cg if you use the limited memory variants rather than the full - storage bfgs. this computes the bfgs update for the last $ m $ updates efficiently by a series of rank - one updates without needing to store more than the last $ m $ solutions and gradients. in... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
broad interest please recommend a good book about physics for young child ( elementary school aged ) books that develop interest & critical thinking among high school students books that every layman should read books that every physicist should read a good highschool level physics book are there modern 1st year univer... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
course in classical thermodynamics undergraduate statistical mechanics : good undergraduate statistical mechanics textbook advanced : recommendations for statistical mechanics book careful : references about rigorous thermodynamics foundational : are there any modern textbooks on statistical mechanics which don't ignor... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
statistics topological insulators : book recommendations - topological insulators for dummies iron - based superconductors : reference needed for iron - based superconductors soft matter : soft condensed matter book for self - study intermolecular forces : resource for intermolecular forces in soft condensed matter mat... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
exercises ) : problems book recommendation on supersymmetry, supergravity and superstring theory kahler manifolds : kahler and complex manifolds conformal field theory : reading list and book recommendation on conformal field theory conformal bootstrap : looking for intro to conformal bootstrap ads / cft : introduction... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
in no particular order : algebraic number theory notes by sharifi : dalawat's first course in local arithmetic : intro to top grps : representation theory resources : classical invariant theory : cring project : - the notes are huge & has many authors - including mse's zev, akhil ( no longer active ) & darij. check the... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
there area few different influenza virus database resources : the influenza research database ( ird ) ( a. k. a fludb - based upon url ) a niaid bioinformatics resource center or brc which highly curates the data brought in and integrates it with numerous other relevant data types the ncbi influenza virus resource a su... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the linear model is written as $ $ \ left | \ begin { array } { l } \ mathbf { y } = \ mathbf { x } \ mathbf { \ beta } + \ mathbf { \ epsilon } \ \ \ mathbf { \ epsilon } \ sim n ( 0, \ sigma ^ 2 \ mathbf { i } ), \ end { array } \ right. $ $ where $ \ mathbf { y } $ denotes the vector of responses, $ \ mathbf { \ bet... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
{ \ textrm { var } } ( \ hat { \ mathbf { \ beta } } ) = \ hat { \ sigma } ^ 2 ( \ mathbf { x } ^ { \ prime } \ mathbf { x } ) ^ { - 1 }, $ $ where $ \ hat { \ sigma } ^ 2 $ can be obtained by the mean square error ( mse ) in the anova table. example with a simple linear regression in r # - - - - - - generate one data ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
standard error > summary ( mod ) $ coefficients [, 2 ] ( intercept ) x 0. 06596021 0. 09725302 > sqrt ( diag ( var _ betahat ) ) x 0. 06596021 0. 09725302 # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - when there is a single explanatory variable, the model reduces to $ $ y _ i = a + bx _ i + \ epsilon _ i, \ qquad i = 1... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
##725302 | https://api.stackexchange.com |
it ’ s a matter of preference i guess but i recommend the ensembl builds. decide whether you want the toplevel or primary assembly, and whether you want soft - masked, repeat - masked or unmasked files. the naming schema is very straightforward ; the combinations are described in the readme file, and all files reside i... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
let's denote the sigmoid function as $ \ sigma ( x ) = \ dfrac { 1 } { 1 + e ^ { - x } } $. the derivative of the sigmoid is $ \ dfrac { d } { dx } \ sigma ( x ) = \ sigma ( x ) ( 1 - \ sigma ( x ) ) $. here's a detailed derivation : $ $ \ begin { align } \ dfrac { d } { dx } \ sigma ( x ) & = \ dfrac { d } { dx } \ le... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
tldr : harmony can work on 106 ~ cell samples but has less versatility then methods like batman. batman is useful if you need your data for differential gene expression and single - cell eqtl and can work on ~ 200 cell data. well their certainly is a minimum which comes down to several factors. as many of these rely on... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
short answer : the exterior derivative acts on differential forms ; the lie derivative acts on any tensors and some other geometric objects ( they have to be natural, e. g. a connection, see the paper of p. petersen below ) ; both the exterior and the lie derivatives don't require any additional geometric structure : t... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
##bla $, see here. also it is interesting that the bianchi identities for the connection follow from the naturality and the property $ d \ circ d = 0 $ for the exterior derivative, see ph. delanoe, on bianchi identities, e. g. here. the reference list that i produce here is too far from being complete in any sense. i o... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
mkl ( from intel ) is optimized for intel processors, and probably has the " upper hand " there in many cases. but it is also " famous " for choosing the " worst " code - paths for amd processors, as described here. | https://api.stackexchange.com |
i think one reason is that often one does not want to remember what the variable names really represent. as an example, when we choose to talk about the matrix $ ( a _ { ij } ) $ instead of the matrix $ ( \ mathrm { transitionprobability } _ { ij } ) $, this expresses the important fact that once we have formulated our... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
your informal descriptions of the algorithms is wonderful. i think in both cases the author was trying to come up with the simplest solution they could think of that guaranteed both mutual exclusion and deadlock freedom. neither algorithm is starvation free or fair. [ ed : as pointed out in the comments, both algorithm... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
##5, 1974. the bakery algorithm is arguably simpler than dekker's algorithm ( and certainly simpler in the case of more than 2 processors ), and is specifically designed to be fault tolerant. i specifically mention it for two reasons. first, because it gives a little bit of history about the definition of the mutual ex... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
wow, this one has been over - answered already, i know... but it is such a fun question! so, here's an answer that hasn't been, um, " touched " on yet... : ) you, sir, whatever your age may be ( anyone with kids will know what i mean ), have asked for an answer to one of the deepest questions of quantum mechanics. in t... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
close enough to repel each other. so by this answer, " touching " would simply be a matter of atoms getting so close to each other that their negatively charged clouds of electrons start bumping into each other. this repulsion requires force to overcome, so the the two objects " touch " - reversibly compress each other... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
to insist on taking up more and more overall space, as each tiny electron carves out its own unique and fiercely defended bit of turf. particles that have this peculiar type of spin are called fermions, and ordinary matter is made of three main types of fermions : protons, neutrons, and electrons. for the electrons, th... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
s why metals carry heat and electricity so well. in fact, when you look at a shiny metallic mirror, you are looking directly at the fastest - moving of these community - wide electrons. it's also why, in outer space, you have to be very careful about touching two pieces of clean metal to each other, because with all th... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
. and that, sir, is why your question of " what is touching? " touches more deeply on profound mysteries of physics than you may have realized. it's a good question. 2012 - 07 - 01 addendum here is a related answer i did for s. e. chemistry. it touches on many of the same issues, but with more emphasis on why " spin pa... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
you mention biopython, which contains tests : some of the tests consist in reading files present in the folders listed in the above link. these files could be a starting point for a database of test files. whenever one comes across a test case not covered with these files, one could construct a new test file and contri... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
first of all, if you want to understand mapping quality ( mapq ), ignore rna - seq mappers. they often produce misleading mapq because mapq is not important to rna - seq anyway. strictly speaking, you have two questions, one in the title : the meaning of mapq ; and the other in a comment : how mapq is computed. on the ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the question and the accepted answer are not about k - mer data structure at all, which i will explain in detail below. i will first answer the actual question op intends to ask. the simplest way to keep k - mers is to use an ordinary hash table. the performance is mostly determined by the hash table library. std : : u... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
in each bucket to store extra information. this strategy also simplifies parallel k - mer insertions as with a good hash function, it is rare to insert into two tables at the same time. 2 ) when most k - mers are unique, the faster way to count k - mers is to put k - mers in an array and then sort it. sorting is more c... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
( key < < 3 ) ) + ( key < < 8 ) ) ; / / key * 265 key = key ^ key > > 14 ; key = ( ( key + ( key < < 2 ) ) + ( key < < 4 ) ) ; / / key * 21 key = key ^ key > > 28 ; key = ( key + ( key < < 31 ) ) ; return key ; } khash _ init ( 64, khint64 _ t, int, 1, hash _ 64, kh _ int64 _ hash _ equal ) unsigned char seq _ nt4 _ ta... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
) { int c = ( uint8 _ t ) seq [ i ] < 128? seq _ nt4 _ table [ ( uint8 _ t ) seq [ i ] ] : 4 ; if ( c < 4 ) { / / not an " n " base x [ 0 ] = ( x [ 0 ] < < 2 | c ) & mask ; / / forward strand x [ 1 ] = x [ 1 ] > > 2 | ( uint64 _ t ) ( 3 - c ) < < shift ; / / reverse strand if ( + + l > = k ) { / / we find a k - mer uin... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
( argv [ optind ], " r " ) ; ks = kseq _ init ( fp ) ; t = clock ( ) ; while ( kseq _ read ( ks ) > = 0 ) tot + = process _ seq ( h, k, ks - > seq. l, ks - > seq. s, i ) ; fprintf ( stderr, " [ % d ] %. 3f \ n ", i, ( double ) ( clock ( ) - t ) / clocks _ per _ sec ) ; kseq _ destroy ( ks ) ; gzclose ( fp ) ; } kh _ de... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
so she is doing \ begin { align * } 61 - 17 = ( 60 + 1 ) - ( 10 + 7 ) & = ( 60 - 10 ) - ( 7 - 1 ) \ \ & = 50 - 6 \ \ & = 44 \ end { align * } she manage to have positive results on each power of ten group up to a multiplication by $ \ pm 1 $ and sums at the end the pieces ; this is kind of smart : ) conclusion : if she... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
this is mostly the case for sulfuric acid. commercially available sulfuric acid is dense ( ~ 1. 8 g / ml ) and when water is added, it may not mix. in this case a layer of hot weak acid solution is formed, which boils and sprays around. when acid is poured into water, it flows down the flask and mixes much better, so n... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
the problem lasers do all sorts of cool things in research and in applications, and there are many good reasons for it, including their coherence, frequency stability, and controllability, but for some applications, the thing that really matters is raw power. as a simple example, it had long been understood that if the... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
##ensities. this makes up a positive feedback loop, and if the initial intensity is high enough, the medium is long enough, and there isn't enough initial diffraction to counteract it, then it will spiral out of control and cause catastrophic laser - induced damage in the very medium that you're trying to use to amplif... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
you pass your pulse through a reversed set of gratings which will undo the relative delay between the longer - and shorter - wavelengths of your pulse, putting them all together into a single pulse of the same shape and length as your original pulse...... but at the much higher amplified power, and at intensities which... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
and other vibrations. cpa also underpins several breakthrough measurements which have been touched on previously on this site, including the observation of the time - dependent waveform of a light pulse, itself done using high - order harmonic radiation ; the observation of charge oscillations when atoms are placed in ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
on u michigan. | https://api.stackexchange.com |
thanks to manu tamminen for this solution : echo accttgaaa | tr acgtacgt tgcatgca | rev | https://api.stackexchange.com |
i don't know if it's the fastest, but the following provides an approximately 10x speed up over your functions : import string tab = string. maketrans ( " actg ", " tgac " ) def reverse _ complement _ table ( seq ) : return seq. translate ( tab ) [ : : - 1 ] the thing with hashing is that it adds a good bit of overhead... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
what you really want to do is essentially called as voice activity detection or speech detection. basically any pure speech signal ( which contains no music ) has three parts. the voiced sound - which is basically caused by vowels the unvoiced sound - which contains consonants. the characteristic of human sound is such... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
; " a statistical model - based voice activity detection " signal processing letters, ieee, jan 1999, volume : 6 issue : 1 pp : 1 - 3 most relevant for you : mark marzinzik and birger kollmeier " speech pause detection for noise spectrum estimation by tracking power envelope dynamics " ieee transactions on speech and a... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
switched mode power supplies use what is known as a " flyback converter " to provide voltage conversion and galvanic isolation. a core component of this converter is a high frequency transformer. practical transformers have some stray capacitance between primary and secondary windings. this capacitance interacts with t... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
of these capacitors would be very bad. in a class 1 psu failure of the capacitor between the mains supply and mains earth would mean a short to earth, ( equivalent to a failure of " basic " insulation ). this is bad but if the earthing system is functional it shouldn't be a major direct hazard to users. in a class 2 ps... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
combustion of small materials, such as a match or birthday candle, actually involves the release of volatile vapours, which themselves burn. it is not the solid material that burns. there needs to be a minimum amount of volatile material present in this combustion zone ( just above the burning match ) for the ignition ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
there are numerous containments known. let $ \ subseteq $ denote containment and $ \ subset $ proper containment. let $ \ times $ denote incomparability. let $ ll = \ bigcup _ k ll ( k ) $, $ lr = \ bigcup _ k lr ( k ) $. grammar level for ll $ ll ( 0 ) \ subset ll ( 1 ) \ subset ll ( 2 ) \ subset ll ( 2 ) \ subset \ c... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
##ahead ) language level for ll $ ll ( 0 ) \ subset ll ( 1 ) \ subset ll ( 2 ) \ subset \ cdots \ subset ll ( k ) \ subset \ cdots \ subset ll \ subset ll ( * ) $ $ sll ( k ) = ll ( k ) $ most of these are proven in properties of deterministic top down grammars. the equivalence problem for ll - and lr - regular grammar... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
according to h. c. urey and g. failla, science 15 mar 1935, vol. 81, issue 2098, pp. 273, there's no difference in the taste of ordinary and heavy water. | https://api.stackexchange.com |
analog filters are stable if the poles are in the left half of the s - plane ( figure on the left ) and digital filters are stable if the poles are inside the unit circle ( figure on the right ). so mathematically all that is needed to convert from analog to digital is a mapping ( conformal? ) from the half - space to ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
transforming, will give a delta function that cannot be sampled. if you carry out the inverse laplace and forward z transforms, you'll see that the poles are transformed as $ \ alpha _ m \ to e ^ { \ alpha _ m t } $ which means that if your analog filter is stable, the digital filter will also be stable. hence it prese... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
i looked into asic's a while ago and here's what i found : everybody has different definitions for the word " asic ". there are ( very roughly ) three categories : fpga conversions, " normal " asic, and " full custom ". as expected, these are in order of increasing price and increasing performance. before describing wh... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
it works with their process ). you pay for all the masks, etc. pros : this is what most of the chips in the world are. performance can be very good. per - chip costs is low. cons : nre for this starts at us $ 0. 5 million and quickly goes up from there. design verification is super important, since a simple screw - up ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
i have no familiarity with the multitaper method. that said, you've asked quite a question. in pursuit of my msee degree, i took an entire course that covered psd estimation. the course covered all of what you listed ( with exception to the multitaper method ), and also subspace methods. even this only covers some of t... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
are hundreds of metrics for model order selection. note that these methods are excellent for high - to - moderate snr, narrowband signals. the former is because the model breaks down in significant noise, and is better modeled as an arma process. the latter is due to the impulsive nature of the resulting spectrum from ... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
. this effectively removes all sidelobe phenomena. it is superior to the yw method for short data records, and also removes the tradeoff between utilizing the biased and unbiased autocorrelation estimates, as the weighting factors divide out. one disadvantage is that it can exhibit spectral line splitting. in addition,... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
averaging which is present in the true psd formula. it generalizes barlett's method by using overlap and windowing to provide more psd " samples " for the pseudo - ensemble average. it can be a cheap, effective method depending on the application. however, if you have a situation with closely spaced sinusoids, ar metho... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
it may be necessary to distinguish between methods that use unique molecular identifiers ( umis ), such as 10x's chromium, drop - seq, etc, and non - umi methods, such as smrt - seq. at least for umi - based methods, the alternative perspective, that there is no significant zero - inflation in scrna - seq, is also advo... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
predictions were validated by the negative control data ( figure 1 ). in particular, the empirical probability of a gene being zero across droplets was well calibrated to the theoretical prediction based on the multinomial model. this also demonstrates that umi counts are not zero inflated. furthermore, by comparing ra... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
" if the map and the terrain disagree, trust the terrain. " it's not really understood why deep learning works as well as it does, but certainly old concepts from learning theory such as vc dimensions appear not to be very helpful. the matter is hotly debated, see e. g. : h. w. lin, m. tegmark, d. rolnick, why does dee... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
has found empirical support, e. g. in h. zhou, j. lan, r. liu, j. yosinski, deconstructing lottery tickets : zeros, signs, and the supermask. and theoretical support in : e. malach, g. yehudai, s. shalev - shwartz, o. shamir, proving the lottery ticket hypothesis : pruning is all you need. as far as i'm aware, it has n... | https://api.stackexchange.com |
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