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in the decision - making process, optimisation is almost always intractable in any implementation, whether machine or neural. because of this, defined parameters or boundaries must be implemented in the process in order to achieve an acceptable outcome. this method is known as applying bounded rationality, where an ind... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the signature defect of a singularity measures the correction that a singularity contributes to the signature theorem. hirzebruch ( 1973 ) introduced the signature defect for the cusp singularities of hilbert modular surfaces. michael francis atiyah, h. donnelly, and i. m. singer ( 1983 ) defined the si... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
sometimes only constraints on distribution are known ; one can then use the principle of maximum entropy to determine a single distribution, the one with the greatest entropy given the constraints. ( analogously, in the specific context of a dynamic bayesian network, the conditional distribution for the hidden state's ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
euler's totient function is a multiplicative function, meaning that if two numbers m and n are relatively prime, then φ ( mn ) = φ ( m ) φ ( n ). this function gives the order of the multiplicative group of integers modulo n ( the group of units of the ring z / n z { \ displaystyle \ mathbb { z } / n \ mathbb { z } } )... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, polynomial identity testing ( pit ) is the problem of efficiently determining whether two multivariate polynomials are identical. more formally, a pit algorithm is given an arithmetic circuit that computes a polynomial p in a field, and decides whether p is the zero polynomial. determining the computati... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in software engineering, a monolithic application is a single unified software application which is self - contained and independent from other applications, but typically lacks flexibility. there are advantages and disadvantages of building applications in a monolithic style of software architecture, depending on requ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in its simplest and most naive form, this way of analyzing word forms, called " item - and - arrangement ", treats words as if they were made of morphemes put after each other ( " concatenated " ) like beads on a string. more recent and sophisticated approaches, such as distributed morphology, seek to maintain the idea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic, a universal quantification is a type of quantifier, a logical constant which is interpreted as " given any ", " for all ", or " for any ". it expresses that a predicate can be satisfied by every member of a domain of discourse. in other words, it is the predication of a property or relation to ev... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
.., m i n d − 1, m i n d − 1 } { \ displaystyle k _ { min } = \ { min _ { 0 }, min _ { 0 }, min _ { 1 }, min _ { 1 },..., min _ { d - 1 }, min _ { d - 1 } \ } } k m a x = { m a x 0, m a x 0, m a x 1, m a x 1,. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the doubly extreme case'', where both the antecedent and consequent lists of formulas are empty is " not satisfiable ". in this case, the meaning of the sequent is effectively''. this is equivalent to the sequent'', which clearly cannot be valid. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a semigroupoid ( also called semicategory, naked category or precategory ) is a partial algebra that satisfies the axioms for a small category, except possibly for the requirement that there be an identity at each object. semigroupoids generalise semigroups in the same way that small categories generali... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
these curves are defined to satisfy conformal invariance and a domain markov property. it was discovered by oded schramm ( 2000 ) as a conjectured scaling limit of the planar uniform spanning tree ( ust ) and the planar loop - erased random walk ( lerw ) probabilistic processes, and developed by him together with greg ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in more formal probability theory, a random variable is a function x defined from a sample space ω to a measurable space called the state space. if an element in ω is mapped to an element in state space by x, then that element in state space is a realization. elements of the sample space can be thought of as all the di... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the article a universal data compression system, rissanen introduced a consistent algorithm to estimate the probabilistic context tree that generates the data. this algorithm's function can be summarized in two steps : given the sample produced by a chain with memory of variable length, we start with the maximum tre... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, a smith number is a composite number for which, in a given number base, the sum of its digits is equal to the sum of the digits in its prime factorization in the same base. in the case of numbers that are not square - free, the factorization is written without exponents, writing the repeated factor as... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in technical communication, topic - based authoring is a modular approach to content creation where content is structured around topics that can be mixed and reused in different contexts. it is defined in contrast with book - oriented or narrative content, written in the linear structure of written books. topic - based... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics and physics, a vector space ( also called a linear space ) is a set whose elements, often called vectors, may be added together and multiplied ( " scaled " ) by numbers called scalars. scalars are often real numbers, but can be complex numbers or, more generally, elements of any field. the operations of ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
sepp hochreiter analyzed the vanishing gradient problem in 1991 and attributed to it the reason why deep learning did not work well. to overcome this problem, long short - term memory ( lstm ) recurrent neural networks had skip connections or residual connections with a weight of 1. 0 in every lstm cell ( called the co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8 - dot braille patterns 25, 125, 245, and 1245 are the patterns related to braille pattern dots - 14, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 014, 147, and 0147 are placed above the base 6 - dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8 - dot braille. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, hua's lemma, named for hua loo - keng, is an estimate for exponential sums. it states that if p is an integral - valued polynomial of degree k, ε { \ displaystyle \ varepsilon } is a positive real number, and f a real function defined by f ( α ) = x = 1 n exp ( 2 π i p ( x ) α ), { \ displaystyle f ( \ ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the multinomial distribution models the outcome of n experiments, where the outcome of each trial has a categorical distribution, such as rolling a k - sided die n times. let k be a fixed finite number. mathematically, we have k possible mutually exclusive outcomes, with corresponding probabilities p1,..., pk, and n in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
third, find all covers of cardinality k { \ displaystyle k } that do not violate the budget. using these covers of cardinality k { \ displaystyle k } as starting points, apply the modified greedy algorithm, maintaining the best cover found so far. call this cover h 2 { \ displaystyle h _ { 2 } }. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
consequently, a random integer with at most 2n digits ( for large enough n ) is about half as likely to be prime as a random integer with at most n digits. for example, among the positive integers of at most 1000 digits, about one in 2300 is prime ( log ( 101000 ) ≈ 2302. 6 ), whereas among positive integers of at most... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in technology, agile development involves teams self - managing to a large extent ( though agile development is commonly still practiced within a hierarchical organization, which means that certain types of decisions such as hiring, firing, and pay raises remain the prerogative of managers ). in scrum, an agile framewo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, and especially general topology, the euclidean topology is the natural topology induced on n { \ displaystyle n } - dimensional euclidean space r n { \ displaystyle \ mathbb { r } ^ { n } } by the euclidean metric. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, to indicate the product of binomials, parentheses are usually used, thus : ( 2 x + 3 ) ( 3 x + 4 ) { \ displaystyle ( 2x + 3 ) ( 3x + 4 ) }. but if one of the binomials itself contains parentheses, as in ( 2 ( a + b ) + 3 ) { \ displaystyle ( 2 ( a + b ) + 3 ) } one or more pairs of parentheses may be repl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in organization development, the initial phase within the cognitive work analysis ( cwa ) framework is work domain analysis. it provides a description of the constraints that govern the purpose and the function of the systems under analysis. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic, a lindstrom quantifier is a generalized polyadic quantifier. lindstrom quantifiers generalize first - order quantifiers, such as the existential quantifier, the universal quantifier, and the counting quantifiers. they were introduced by per lindstrom in 1966. they were later studied for their app... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in software engineering, ci / cd or cicd is the combined practices of continuous integration ( ci ) and continuous delivery ( cd ) or, less often, continuous deployment. they are sometimes referred to collectively as continuous development or continuous software development. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, the elkies trinomial curves are certain hyperelliptic curves constructed by noam elkies which have the property that rational points on them correspond to trinomial polynomials giving an extension of q with particular galois groups. one curve, c168, gives galois group psl ( 2, 7 ) from a polynomial of... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in parallel computing, the fork – join model is a way of setting up and executing parallel programs, such that execution branches off in parallel at designated points in the program, to " join " ( merge ) at a subsequent point and resume sequential execution. parallel sections may fork recursively until a certain task ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle \ | b \ | = \ sup \ { | b ( x _ { 1 }, x _ { 2 } ) | : \ | x _ { i } \ | _ { \ infty } \ leq 1 \ }. } the exponent 4 / 3 is optimal, i. e., cannot be improved by a smaller exponent. it is also known that for real scalars the aforementioned constant is sharp. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
as of april 2011 o2 will unlock any of their pay - monthly phones for free, even if they're still in contract, with the exception of handsets made exclusively for them, such as their palm devices. carphone warehouse, one of the largest uk phone retailers, offers unlocked phones with most payg deals. as of january 1, 20... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, a totative of a given positive integer n is an integer k such that 0 < k ≤ n and k is coprime to n. euler's totient function φ ( n ) counts the number of totatives of n. the totatives under multiplication modulo n form the multiplicative group of integers modulo n. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in set theory and its applications to logic, mathematics, and computer science, set - builder notation is a mathematical notation for describing a set by enumerating its elements, or stating the properties that its members must satisfy. defining sets by properties is also known as set comprehension, set abstraction or ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in programming languages, ad hoc polymorphism is a kind of polymorphism in which polymorphic functions can be applied to arguments of different types, because a polymorphic function can denote a number of distinct and potentially heterogeneous implementations depending on the type of argument ( s ) to which it is appli... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability and statistics, the generalized integer gamma distribution ( gig ) is the distribution of the sum of independent gamma distributed random variables, all with integer shape parameters and different rate parameters. this is a special case of the generalized chi - squared distribution. a related concept is ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
but the mapping of computer science data types to statistical data types depends on which categorization of the latter is being implemented. other categorizations have been proposed. for example, mosteller and tukey ( 1977 ) distinguished grades, ranks, counted fractions, counts, amounts, and balances. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in computer - assisted translation, a technique called fuzzy matching is used to find the most likely translation of a piece of text, using previous translated texts as a basis. in hypnotherapy, fuzzy language is deliberately used for the purpose of trance induction. hypnotic suggestions are often couched in a somewhat... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
by dividing a high - rate data stream into numerous low - rate data streams, ofdm enables longer duration symbols. a cyclic prefix ( cp ) may be inserted to create a ( time ) guard interval that prevents isi entirely. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the distributed memory model, each processing entity has its own memory. because of this, processing entities must send and receive messages to each other to share its local data or get access to remote data. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the first stage logico - linguistic modeling uses ssm for systems analysis. this stage seeks to structure the problem in the client organization by identifying stakeholders, modelling organizational objectives and discussing possible solutions. at this stage it not assumed that a kbs will be a solution and logico - ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in rlnc, it will randomly choose two coding coefficients, d 1 { \ displaystyle d _ { 1 } } and d 2 { \ displaystyle d _ { 2 } } in the example. the node will multiply each symbol of packet f { \ displaystyle f } by d 1 { \ displaystyle d _ { 1 } }, and each symbol of packet e { \ displaystyle e } by d 2 { \ displaystyl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order for the whole system to work, one has to postulate that : m ∈ m, i d ∈ { 0, 1 } ∗ : d e c r y p t ( e x t r a c t ( p, k m, i d ), p, e n c r y p t ( p, m, i d ) ) = m { \ displaystyle \ forall m \ in { \ mathcal { m } }, id \ in \ left \ { 0, 1 \ right \ } ^ { * } : \ mathrm { decrypt } \ left ( \ mathrm { ex... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the constrained optimization leads to the marshallian demand function : x ∗ ( p 1, p 2, i ) = ( α i ( α + β ) p 1, β i ( α + β ) p 2 ). { \ displaystyle x ^ { * } ( p _ { 1 }, p _ { 2 }, i ) = \ left ( { \ frac { \ alpha i } { ( \ alpha + \ beta ) p _ { 1 } } }, { \ frac { \ beta i } { ( \ alpha + \ beta ) p _ { 2 } } ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
high - performance fft implementations make many modifications to the implementation of such an algorithm compared to this simple pseudocode. for example, one can use a larger base case than n = 1 to amortize the overhead of recursion, the twiddle factors exp { \ displaystyle \ exp } can be precomputed, and larger radi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in proof theory, proof nets are a geometrical method of representing proofs that eliminates two forms of bureaucracy that differentiate proofs : ( a ) irrelevant syntactical features of regular proof calculi, and ( b ) the order of rules applied in a derivation. in this way, the formal properties of proof identity corr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mobile telephony gsm 03. 38 or 3gpp 23. 038 is a character encoding used in gsm networks for sms ( short message service ), cb ( cell broadcast ) and ussd ( unstructured supplementary service data ). the 3gpp ts 23. 038 standard ( originally gsm recommendation 03. 38 ) defines gsm 7 - bit default alphabet which is m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in recent times, cache control instructions have become less popular as increasingly advanced application processor designs from intel and arm devote more transistors to accelerating code written in traditional languages, e. g., performing automatic prefetch, with hardware to detect linear access patterns on the fly. h... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
as regards english, there are many verb forms and constructions which combine time reference with continuous and / or perfect aspect, and with indicative, subjunctive or conditional mood. particularly in some english language teaching materials, some or all of these forms can be referred to simply as tenses ( see below... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, machine learning and algorithms, a tensor sketch is a type of dimensionality reduction that is particularly efficient when applied to vectors that have tensor structure. such a sketch can be used to speed up explicit kernel methods, bilinear pooling in neural networks and is a cornerstone in many numeric... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the area of wireless communications one main application is to facilitate wireless access, such as 5g and wifi simultaneously from the same antenna. in other words, radio signals are carried over fiber - optic cable. thus, a single antenna can receive any and all radio signals ( 5g, wifi, cell, etc.. ) carried over ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
c _ cc is zero and c _ cc is non - zero in this case, the data in the buffer are " available for reading " after the specified number of characters have been received in the buffer. in other words, read ( ) waits for a minimum amount of data ( which may be larger than what the caller is prepared to read in the system c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
also, having chosen such e { \ displaystyle e }, it is simpler to test whether gcd ( e, p − 1 ) = 1 { \ displaystyle \ gcd ( e, p - 1 ) = 1 } and gcd ( e, q − 1 ) = 1 { \ displaystyle \ gcd ( e, q - 1 ) = 1 } while generating and testing the primes in step 1 of the key generation. values of p { \ displaystyle p } or q ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
similarly, the boolean is the type with two values. the unit type is implemented in most functional programming languages. the void type that is used in some imperative programming languages serves some of its functions, but because its carrier set is empty, it has some limitations ( as detailed below ). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, in the field of abstract algebra, the structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain is a generalization of the fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups and roughly states that finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain ( pid ) can be uniquel... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
oltra - massuet and arregi ( 2005 ) argue that the metrical structure, as well, makes reference to hierarchical syntactic structure in spanish. the extent of the interaction between the syntax and phonology at the interface is a matter of current debate. = = notes = = | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in pseudocode : if error is true then set x to 0 in guarded command language : if error → x : = 0 ¬ { \ displaystyle \ neg } error → skip fi if the second guard is omitted and error is false, the result is abort. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the earliest uses of the method of infinite descent appear in euclid's elements. a typical example is proposition 31 of book 7, in which euclid proves that every composite integer is divided ( in euclid's terminology " measured " ) by some prime number. the method was much later developed by fermat, who coined the term... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in short, a network is in system optimum ( so ) when the total system cost is the minimum among all possible assignments. system optimum is based on the assumption that routes of all vehicles would be controlled by the system, and that rerouting would be based on maximum utilization of resources and minimum total syste... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the worst case, merge sort uses approximately 39 % fewer comparisons than quicksort does in its average case, and in terms of moves, merge sort's worst case complexity is o ( n log n ) - the same complexity as quicksort's best case. merge sort is more efficient than quicksort for some types of lists if the data to b... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
notably, the addition operation, logadd ( for multiple terms, logsumexp ) can be viewed as a deformation of maximum or minimum. the log semiring has applications in mathematical optimization, since it replaces the non - smooth maximum and minimum by a smooth operation. the log semiring also arises when working with num... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in such systems, a central complexity measure is the number of synchronous communication rounds required to complete the task. this complexity measure is closely related to the diameter of the network. let d be the diameter of the network. on the one hand, any computable problem can be solved trivially in a synchronous... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this results in p ( a b ) = p ( a ∩ b ) / p ( b ) { \ textstyle p ( a \ mid b ) = p ( a \ cap b ) / p ( b ) } whenever p ( b ) > 0 and 0 otherwise. this approach results in a probability measure that is consistent with the original probability measure and satisfies all the kolmogorov axioms. this conditional probabilit... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the binary case, the correlation function between the variables x n { \ displaystyle x _ { n } } and x k { \ displaystyle x _ { k } } of the chain depends on the distance n − k { \ displaystyle n - k } only. it is defined as follows : k ( r ) = ⟨ ( x n − x ) ( x n + r − x ) ⟩ = ⟨ x n x n + r ⟩ − x 2, { \ displaystyl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the first three examples possess simple parametric representations, which is not true for the fourth and fifth examples. the fifth example shows the possibly complicated geometric structure of an implicit curve. the implicit function theorem describes conditions under which an equation f ( x, y ) = 0 { \ displaystyle f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to create specialized packet processing platforms, a variety of technologies have been developed and deployed. these technologies, which span the breadth of hardware and software, have all been designed with the aim of maximizing speed and throughput while minimizing latency. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the first round p { \ displaystyle p } processors combine their blocks into p / 2 { \ displaystyle p / 2 } blocks. then p / 2 { \ displaystyle p / 2 } processors combine the p / 2 { \ displaystyle p / 2 } blocks into p / 4 { \ displaystyle p / 4 }. this procedure is continued until all the data is combined in one bl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunication, data compaction is the reduction of the number of data elements, bandwidth, cost, and time for the generation, transmission, and storage of data without loss of information by eliminating unnecessary redundancy, removing irrelevancy, or using special coding. examples of data compaction methods are... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the context of continuous optimization, individual learning exists in the form of local heuristics or conventional exact enumerative methods. examples of individual learning strategies include the hill climbing, simplex method, newton / quasi - newton method, interior point methods, conjugate gradient method, line s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
by symmetry, for only successes, the 95 % confidence interval is. the rule is useful in the interpretation of clinical trials generally, particularly in phase ii and phase iii where often there are limitations in duration or statistical power. the rule of three applies well beyond medical research, to any trial done n ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
primality testing is a field that has been around since the time of fermat, in whose time most algorithms were based on factoring, which become unwieldy with large input ; modern algorithms treat the problems of determining whether a number is prime and what its factors are separately. it became of practical importance... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
these are also sometimes called canonical maps. a canonical isomorphism is a canonical map that is also an isomorphism ( i. e., invertible ). in some contexts, it might be necessary to address an issue of choices of canonical maps or canonical isomorphisms ; for a typical example, see prestack. for a discussion of the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a researcher may request outputs which breach the'rules of thumb'as long as ( 1 ) they are non - disclosive ( 2 ) they are important and ( 3 ) this is an exceptional request. it is up to the researcher to prove that any'unsafe'outputs are non - disclosive, but the checker has the final say. since there are no hard rule... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this method was proposed in shannon's " a mathematical theory of communication " ( 1948 ), his article introducing the field of information theory. fano's method divides the source symbols into two sets ( " 0 " and " 1 " ) with probabilities as close to 1 / 2 as possible. then those sets are themselves divided in two, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in model theory, an atomic formula is satisfiable if there is a collection of elements of a structure that render the formula true. if a is a structure, φ is a formula, and a is a collection of elements, taken from the structure, that satisfy φ, then it is commonly written that a φ if φ has no free variables, that is, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the following table, each row shows undisputed greek cognates sharing the three ablaut grades of a root. the four sonorants and the two semivowels are represented as individual letters, other consonants as c and the vowel or its absence as ( v ). the reconstructed pie e grade and zero grade of the above roots may be... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in most parliamentary democracies, members of a parliament can propose a motion of confidence or of no confidence in the government or executive. the results of such motions show how much support the government currently has in parliament. should a motion of confidence fail, or a motion of no confidence pass, the gover... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to generate a janet basis, a ranking of derivatives must be defined. it is a total ordering such that for any derivatives δ { \ displaystyle \ delta }, δ 1 { \ displaystyle \ delta _ { 1 } } and δ 2 { \ displaystyle \ delta _ { 2 } }, and any derivation operator θ { \ displaystyle \ theta } the relations δ θ δ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
these were not merely binary - coded decimal ( bcd ). most machines had ten vacuum tubes per digit in each processor register. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the following example green edges are being evaluated by the algorithm and red edges have been deleted. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic, a formal calculation, or formal operation, is a calculation that is systematic but without a rigorous justification. it involves manipulating symbols in an expression using a generic substitution without proving that the necessary conditions hold. essentially, it involves the form of an expressio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in physics, the no - communication theorem or no - signaling principle is a no - go theorem from quantum information theory which states that, during measurement of an entangled quantum state, it is not possible for one observer, by making a measurement of a subsystem of the total state, to communicate information to a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunications, net gain is the overall gain of a transmission circuit. net gain is measured by applying a test signal at an appropriate power level at the input port of a circuit and measuring the power delivered at the output port. the net gain in db is calculated by taking 10 times the common logarithm of the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
execute test suites of test cases. generate associated test reports. these individual objectives may be fulfilled by unit test framework tools, stubs or drivers. a test harness may provide some of the following benefits : increased productivity due to automation of the testing process. increased probability that regres... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in computer science, they are used for analyzing sorting algorithms ; in quantum physics, for describing states of particles ; and in biology, for describing rna sequences. the number of permutations of n distinct objects is n factorial, usually written as n!, which means the product of all positive integers less than ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the fantasy role - playing game dungeons & dragons, an outer plane is one of a number of general types of planes of existence. they can also be referred to as godly planes, spiritual planes or divine planes. the outer planes are home to beings such as deities and their servants such as demons, celestials and devils.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in prior iterations of visual basic, all statements in a condition would have been evaluated even if the outcome of the condition could be determined before evaluating a condition. for example : this was not only inefficient, but could lead to unexpected results for any person used to another language. in visual basic.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the logistic regression model itself simply models probability of output in terms of input and does not perform statistical classification ( it is not a classifier ), though it can be used to make a classifier, for instance by choosing a cutoff value and classifying inputs with probability greater than the cutoff as on... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the united states only, the two largest carriers are instead implementing 4g lte in the 700 mhz band, which was reallocated from tv broadcasting during the dtv transition. tv stations were forced to move to lower uhf and even far worse vhf frequencies with poorer mobile tv and even regular terrestrial tv performance... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a minimal counterexample is the smallest example which falsifies a claim, and a proof by minimal counterexample is a method of proof which combines the use of a minimal counterexample with the ideas of proof by induction and proof by contradiction. more specifically, in trying to prove a proposition p, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
cobol - 74 added subprograms, giving programmers the ability to control the data each part of the program could access. cobol - 85 then added nested subprograms, allowing programmers to hide subprograms. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the northern hemisphere, characteristic dominant broadleaf trees in this biome include oaks ( quercus spp. ), beeches ( fagus spp. ), maples ( acer spp. ), or birches ( betula spp. ). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, robust measures of scale are methods that quantify the statistical dispersion in a sample of numerical data while resisting outliers. the most common such robust statistics are the interquartile range ( iqr ) and the median absolute deviation ( mad ). these are contrasted with conventional or non - robus... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in relational algebra, a projection is a unary operation written as π a 1,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in renewal - anomalous files, a random period is taken independently from a waiting time probability density function ( wt - pdf ; see continuous - time markov process for more information ) of the form : ψ α ( t ) k ( k t ) − 1 − α, 0 < α ≤ 1 { \ displaystyle \ psi _ { \ alpha } ( t ) \ sim k ( kt ) ^ { - 1 - \ alpha ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in systems such as cga or sfs and most cryptographic peer - to - peer networks, fingerprints are embedded into pre - existing address and name formats ( such as ipv6 addresses, file names or other identification strings ). if addresses and names are already being exchanged through trusted channels, this approach allows... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
character sets that may be available in one system may not be so in others. in other cases, one or more of the following transformation types may be required to meet the business and technical needs of the server or data warehouse : selecting only certain columns to load : ( or selecting null columns not to load ). for... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical finite group theory, an n - group is a group all of whose local subgroups ( that is, the normalizers of nontrivial p - subgroups ) are solvable groups. the non - solvable ones were classified by thompson during his work on finding all the minimal finite simple groups. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in programming languages, an abstract type is a type in a nominative type system that cannot be instantiated directly ; a type that is not abstract – which can be instantiated – is called a concrete type. every instance of an abstract type is an instance of some concrete subtype. abstract types are also known as existe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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