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These are called supplementary services and are commonly invoked by a Vertical service code. Examples include "Call waiting", "Call forward on busy" etc. Call control software, because of its central place in the operation of the telephone network, is marked by both complexity and reliability. Call control systems will... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, a complete set of invariants for a classification problem is a collection of maps f i: X → Y i {\displaystyle f_{i}:X\to Y_{i}} (where X {\displaystyle X} is the collection of objects being classified, up to some equivalence relation ∼ {\displaystyle \sim } , and the Y i {\displaystyle Y_{i}} are some s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The unit of measurement for the log-odds scale is called a logit, from logistic unit, hence the alternative names. See § Background and § Definition for formal mathematics, and § Example for a worked example. Binary variables are widely used in statistics to model the probability of a certain class or event taking plac... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the 1840s, mathematicians were generally unprepared to understand Grassmann's ideas. In the 1860s and 1870s various mathematicians came to ideas similar to that of Grassmann's, but Grassmann himself was not interested in mathematics anymore. : 46 Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant developed a vector calculus ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, the algebra of sets, not to be confused with the mathematical structure of an algebra of sets, defines the properties and laws of sets, the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between each pair of elements of a given random vector. Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
GO TOs were largely replaced by the PERFORM statement and procedures, which promoted modular programming and gave easy access to powerful looping facilities. However, PERFORM could be used only with procedures so loop bodies were not located where they were used, making programs harder to understand.COBOL programs were... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In software engineering, a version control system is used to keep track of versions of a set of files, usually to allow multiple developers to collaborate on a project. The repository keeps track of the files in the project, which is represented as a graph. A Distributed version control system is made up of central and... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In number theory, a full reptend prime, full repetend prime, proper prime: 166 or long prime in base b is an odd prime number p such that the Fermat quotient q p ( b ) = b p − 1 − 1 p {\displaystyle q_{p}(b)={\frac {b^{p-1}-1}{p}}} (where p does not divide b) gives a cyclic number. Therefore, the base b expansion of 1 ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In some programming languages, any expression can be evaluated in a context that expects a Boolean data type. Typically (though this varies by programming language) expressions like the number zero, the empty string, empty lists, and null evaluate to false, and strings with content (like "abc"), other numbers, and obje... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In probability theory and information theory, the variation of information or shared information distance is a measure of the distance between two clusterings (partitions of elements). It is closely related to mutual information; indeed, it is a simple linear expression involving the mutual information. Unlike the mutu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In statistics, prediction is a part of statistical inference. One particular approach to such inference is known as predictive inference, but the prediction can be undertaken within any of the several approaches to statistical inference. Indeed, one possible description of statistics is that it provides a means of tran... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In order to facilitate the development of applications for mobile devices, and consistency thereof, various approaches have been taken. Most companies that ship a product (e.g. Apple, iPod/iPhone/iPad) provide an official software development kit (SDK). They may also opt to provide some form of Testing and/or Quality A... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In spectral graph theory, the Alon–Boppana bound provides a lower bound on the second-largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a d {\displaystyle d} -regular graph, meaning a graph in which every vertex has degree d {\displaystyle d} . The reason for the interest in the second-largest eigenvalue is that the larges... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In sound and music, sampling is the reuse of a portion (or sample) of a sound recording in another recording. Samples may comprise elements such as rhythm, melody, speech, sound effects or longer portions of music, and may be layered, equalized, sped up or slowed down, repitched, looped, or otherwise manipulated. They ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
k is then the Gaussian curvature of the space at the time when a(t) = 1. r is sometimes called the reduced circumference because it is equal to the measured circumference of a circle (at that value of r), centered at the origin, divided by 2π (like the r of Schwarzschild coordinates). Where appropriate, a(t) is often c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In modern grammar, a particle is a function word that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning, i.e., it does not have its own lexical definition. According to this definition, particles are a separate part of speech and are distinct from other classes of function words, such as articles, prepos... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the United Kingdom, examiners usually follow guidelines issued by the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) for the authentication and integrity of evidence. They were updated to Version 5 in October 2011 when computer based evidence was replaced with digital evidence reflecting the development of investigatin... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Finally, the dissemination of foreign intelligence information needed for an approved purpose . . | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In phonetics and linguistics, a phone is any distinct speech sound or gesture, regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words. In contrast, a phoneme is a speech sound in a given language that, if swapped with another phoneme, could change one word to another. Phones are absolute and are not... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the context of DIKW, information meets the definition for knowledge by description ("information is contained in descriptions"), and is differentiated from data in that it is "useful". "Information is inferred from data", in the process of answering interrogative questions (e.g., "who", "what", "where", "how many", ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
(See example below.) After their introduction in the 1968 ALGOL 68 "Final Report", W-grammars were widely considered as too powerful and unconstrained to be practical.This was partly a consequence of the way in which they had been applied; the 1973 ALGOL 68 "Revised Report" contains a much more readable grammar, withou... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In military acquisition, full operating capability or full operational capability (FOC) is the completion of a development effort. This is usually preceded by an initial operating capability or initial operational capability (IOC) phase. For the United States Department of Defense military acquisition FOC is defined as... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Attention to the location of items in the search can be used to guide visual searches. This was demonstrated by valid cues improving the identification of targets relative to the invalid and neutral conditions. A visual search display can also influence how fast an observer responds to a spatial probe. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
For vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese, the current highest RDAs are up to 50% higher than the older Daily Values used in labeling, whereas for other nutrients the recommended needs have gone down. A side-by-side table of the old and new adult Daily Values is provi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
ASHRAE Guideline 4-2014 provides performance indices criteria for model calibration. The performance indices used are normalized mean bias error (NMBE), coefficient of variation (CV) of the root mean square error (RMSE), and R2 (coefficient of determination). ASHRAE recommends a R2 greater than 0.75 for calibrated mode... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the event of an attack from an aggressor, a state would massively retaliate by using a force disproportionate to the size of the attack. The aim of massive retaliation is to deter another state from attacking first. For such a strategy to work, it must be made public knowledge to all possible aggressors. The aggress... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The MIPS design team that designed the R4300i started the company SandCraft, which designed the R5432 for NEC and later produced the SR71000, one of the first out-of-order execution processors for the embedded market. The original DEC StrongARM team eventually split into two MIPS-based start-ups: SiByte which produced ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
If these decisions change later in the project then the cone will widen. Original research for engineering and construction in the chemical industry demonstrated that actual final costs often exceeded the earliest "base" estimate by as much as 100% (or underran by as much as 50%). Research in the software industry on t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In some networks, routing is complicated by the fact that no single entity is responsible for selecting paths; instead, multiple entities are involved in selecting paths or even parts of a single path. Complications or inefficiency can result if these entities choose paths to optimize their own objectives, which may co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In numerical analysis, one of the most important problems is designing efficient and stable algorithms for finding the eigenvalues of a matrix. These eigenvalue algorithms may also find eigenvectors. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Later work by Kummer and others always divided the problem into first and second cases. Sophie Germain primes and safe primes have applications in public key cryptography and primality testing. It has been conjectured that there are infinitely many Sophie Germain primes, but this remains unproven. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In more recent times, the term bit slicing was reused by Matthew Kwan to refer to the technique of using a general-purpose CPU to implement multiple parallel simple virtual machines using general logic instructions to perform single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) operations. This technique is also known as SIMD withi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the following query, four different types of data are retrieved from a single table (status) and for a single user ("me"): This query can run by querying the Facebook graph endpoint /fql with the parameters set to q= | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
For the 1991 and 1992 seasons, this meant potentially severe angles for short field goal attempts, since the hashmark width remained at 53 ft 4 in (16.26 m). In 1993, the NCAA narrowed the distance between the hashmarks to 40 ft (12.19 m), matching what was the width of hashmarks in the NFL from 1945 through 1971; as m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, a multiply perfect number (also called multiperfect number or pluperfect number) is a generalization of a perfect number. For a given natural number k, a number n is called k-perfect (or k-fold perfect) if the sum of all positive divisors of n (the divisor function, σ(n)) is equal to kn; a number is thu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In scientific inquiry and academic research, data fabrication is the intentional misrepresentation of research results. As with other forms of scientific misconduct, it is the intent to deceive that marks fabrication as unethical, and thus different from scientists deceiving themselves. There are many ways data can be ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This rule not only replaces the representation of a monophthong with that of a diphthong, but it also destroys the reversibility of any capitalization process in digital environments, as the combination of uppercase letter and uppercase iota would normally be converted back to lowercase letter and lowercase iota. It is... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematical logic, computational complexity theory, and computer science, the existential theory of the reals is the set of all true sentences of the form where the variables X i {\displaystyle X_{i}} are interpreted as having real number values, and where F ( X 1 , … X n ) {\displaystyle F(X_{1},\dots X_{n})} is a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Thus in the sentence Here is the big house, both house and big house are N-bars, while the big house is a noun phrase. In the sentence I like big houses, both houses and big houses are N-bars, but big houses also functions as a noun phrase (in this case without an explicit determiner). In some modern theories of syntax... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Given a finite group G = ⟨S⟩ and g ∈ G, find a straight-line program computing g over S. The constructive membership problem is often studied in the setting of black box groups. The elements are encoded by bit strings of a fixed length. Three oracles are provided for the group-theoretic functions of multiplication, inv... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In reverse mathematics, Brouwer's theorem can be proved in the system WKL0, and conversely over the base system RCA0 Brouwer's theorem for a square implies the weak Kőnig's lemma, so this gives a precise description of the strength of Brouwer's theorem. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In practice, a strict adherence to the basic three-structure template of structured programming yields highly nested code, due to inability to exit a structured unit prematurely, and a combinatorial explosion with quite complex program state data to handle all possible conditions. Two solutions have been generally adop... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
If τ1,...,τm,σ1,...,σn are ramified types then as in simple type theory there is a type (τ1,...,τm,σ1,...,σn) of "predicative" propositional functions of τ1,...,τm,σ1,...,σn. However, there are also ramified types (τ1,...,τm|σ1,...,σn) that can be thought of as the classes of propositional functions of τ1,...τm obtaine... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In such a cyberattack the attacker places malware within the networks through a variety of methods (malware-laden website, targeted email, infected USB stick, socially engineered access, etc.) and then the malware propagates within the network. Most of the time existing cyber defenses clear the attacker tools from stan... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Additionally, unlike bounds on the total time, it is a suitable form of analysis even for algorithms that produce an infinite sequence of outputs. The notion of polynomial delay was first introduced by David S. Johnson, Mihalis Yannakakis and Christos Papadimitriou. == References == | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In telecommunication, communications survivability is the ability of communications systems to continue to operate effectively under adverse conditions, though portions of the system may be damaged or destroyed. Various methods may be used to maintain communications services, such as using alternate routing, different ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
An even nontotient may be one more than a prime number, but never one less, since all numbers below a prime number are, by definition, coprime to it. To put it algebraically, for p prime: φ(p) = p − 1. Also, a pronic number n(n − 1) is certainly not a nontotient if n is prime since φ(p2) = p(p − 1). If a natural number... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In statistics and psychometrics, reliability is the overall consistency of a measure. A measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions:"It is the characteristic of a set of test scores that relates to the amount of random error from the measurement process that mig... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The theorem also includes a converse: if two quantum states do commute, there is a method for broadcasting them: they must have a common basis of eigenstates diagonalizing them simultaneously, and the map that clones every state of this basis is a legitimate quantum operation, requiring only physical resources independ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the United States, in the context of stockholder lawsuits, typically relating to the sale or merger of a public company, the Delaware Court of Chancery has required sufficient disclosures be made to a board of directors and shareholders to “provide a balanced, truthful account of all matters” and said “When a docume... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, a generating set Γ of a module M over a ring R is a subset of M such that the smallest submodule of M containing Γ is M itself (the smallest submodule containing a subset is the intersection of all submodules containing the set). The set Γ is then said to generate M. For example, the ring R is generated... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The pseudo code stores the prefix sum in variable x {\displaystyle x} and the sum over all nodes in a sub cube in variable σ {\displaystyle \sigma } . This makes it possible for all nodes in 1-sub cube to receive the sum over the 0-sub cube in every step. This results in a factor of log p {\displaystyle \log p} for T... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
RMO and PowerPC allow reordering of reads to the same location. These models violate sequential order in examples A and B. An additional relaxation allowed in these models is that memory operations following a read operation can be overlapped and reordered with respect to the read. Alpha and RMO allow a read to return ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Dialling 123 from a few mobile services, such as O2, also obtains a speaking clock service. The Giffgaff network uses the same service as O2. The service is not available on the 3 mobile telephone network, as they use 123 as the number for their voicemail services. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, the Pocklington–Lehmer primality test is a primality test devised by Henry Cabourn Pocklington and Derrick Henry Lehmer. The test uses a partial factorization of N − 1 {\displaystyle N-1} to prove that an integer N {\displaystyle N} is prime. It produces a primality certificate to be found with less eff... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In this way, the first path will be drawn as an x-monotone polyline, a type of curve that is automatically non-self-crossing, and the second path will similarly be drawn as a y-monotone polyline. This type of drawing places the vertices in an integer lattice of dimensions linear in the graph sizes. Similarly defined la... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
After returning from these recursive calls, vertex 2 is added to X and removed from P. The iteration of the inner loop of the algorithm for v = 4 makes a recursive call to the algorithm with R = {4}, P = {3,5,6}, and X = Ø (although vertex 2 belongs to the set X in the outer call to the algorithm, it is not a neighbor ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
There is also generally an expectation that there be a close resemblance between the real world and the features of the model in an ontology.In theory, an ontology is a "formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualisation". An ontology renders shared vocabulary and taxonomy which models a domain with the defin... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the United States, housing segregation is the practice of denying African Americans and other minority groups equal access to housing through the process of misinformation, denial of realty and financing services, and racial steering. Housing policy in the United States has influenced housing segregation trends thro... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This has enabled download speeds in excess of 100 Mbit/s, over distances up to 35 miles (56 km) from the transmission site. In the early days of MMDS, it was known as "wireless cable" and was used in a variety of investment scams that still surface today. Frequent solicitations of wireless cable fraud schemes were ofte... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, a structure is a set endowed with some additional features on the set (e.g. an operation, relation, metric, or topology). Often, the additional features are attached or related to the set, so as to provide it with some additional meaning or significance. A partial list of possible structures are measure... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
An IBM MPIC was also used in the RS/6000 7046 Model B50.The Apple Hydra Mac I/O (MIO) chip (from the 1990s classic Mac OS era) implemented a MPIC alongside a SCSI controller, ADB controller, GeoPort controller, and timers. The Apple implementation of "Open PIC" (as the Apple documentation of this era spells it) in thei... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In programming language theory, subtyping (also subtype polymorphism or inclusion polymorphism) is a form of type polymorphism in which a subtype is a datatype that is related to another datatype (the supertype) by some notion of substitutability, meaning that program elements, typically subroutines or functions, writt... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Thus the seeming contradiction is that a model that is itself countable, and which therefore contains only countable sets, satisfies the first-order sentence that intuitively states "there are uncountable sets". A mathematical explanation of the paradox, showing that it is not a contradiction in mathematics, was given ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
There are also several methods to approximate a shortest addition chain, and which often require fewer multiplications than binary exponentiation; binary exponentiation itself is a suboptimal addition-chain algorithm. The optimal algorithm choice depends on the context (such as the relative cost of the multiplication a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The category of pointed sets and pointed maps has both products and coproducts, but it is not a distributive category. It is also an example of a category where 0 × A {\displaystyle 0\times A} is not isomorphic to 0 {\displaystyle 0} .Many algebraic structures are pointed sets in a rather trivial way. For example, grou... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The range of colors, sizes and shapes is far wider than in those grown or sold in Africa, Europe or the Americas. Southeast Asian languages do not make the distinction between "bananas" and "plantains" that is made in English (and Spanish). Thus both Cavendish cultivars, the classic yellow dessert bananas, and Saba cul... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The treaty stipulated that the use of cryptography with short key-lengths (56-bit for symmetric encryption, 512-bit for RSA) would no longer be export-controlled. Cryptography exports from the US became less strictly regulated as a consequence of a major relaxation in 2000; there are no longer very many restrictions on... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Each choice of definition for 'open set' is called a topology. A set with a topology is called a topological space. Metric spaces are an important class of topological spaces where a real, non-negative distance, also called a metric, can be defined on pairs of points in the set. Having a metric simplifies many proofs, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
For how long? When do they regress to already seen words? | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
While the algorithmic complexity implies a deterministic description of an object (it measures the information content of an individual sequence), the statistical complexity, like forecasting complexity, implies a statistical description, and refers to an ensemble of sequences generated by a certain source. Formally, t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In music using the twelve tone technique, combinatoriality is a quality shared by twelve-tone tone rows whereby each section of a row and a proportionate number of its transformations combine to form aggregates (all twelve tones). Much as the pitches of an aggregate created by a tone row do not need to occur simultaneo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the compact disc system, cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon code (CIRC) provides error detection and error correction. CIRC adds to every three data bytes one redundant parity byte. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille patterns 2567, 12567, 24567, and 124567 are the patterns related to Braille pattern dots-1345, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 01345, 13457, and 013457 are placed above the base 6-dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8-dot braille. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{\displaystyle \sum _{v}\left({\frac {d(v)}{|E|}}{\frac {1}{2}}\right)d(v)={\frac {\sum _{v}d(v)^{2}}{2|E|}}.} We know from the definition of variance that ∑ v d ( v ) 2 | V | = μ 2 + σ 2 , {\displaystyle {\frac {\sum _{v}d(v)^{2}}{|V|}}=\mu ^{2}+\sigma ^{2},} where σ 2 {\displaystyle \sigma ^{2}} is the variance of th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In most programming languages, the simplest method to convert a floating point number to an integer does not do floor or ceiling, but truncation. The reason for this is historical, as the first machines used ones' complement and truncation was simpler to implement (floor is simpler in two's complement). FORTRAN was def... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Moreover, time-sharing was new ground. Many of the concepts involved, such as virtual memory, remained unproven. For example: At the time, nobody could explain why the troubled Manchester/Ferranti Atlas virtual memory "didn't work". | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the context of economics, for example, this is usually economic cost or regret. In classification, it is the penalty for an incorrect classification of an example. In actuarial science, it is used in an insurance context to model benefits paid over premiums, particularly since the works of Harald Cramér in the 1920s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, a quadratic irrational number (also known as a quadratic irrational or quadratic surd) is an irrational number that is the solution to some quadratic equation with rational coefficients which is irreducible over the rational numbers. Since fractions in the coefficients of a quadratic equation can be cle... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
These often arise when discretising one-dimensional problems.Problems in higher dimensions also lead to banded matrices, in which case the band itself also tends to be sparse. For instance, a partial differential equation on a square domain (using central differences) will yield a matrix with a bandwidth equal to the s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
An early version was demonstrated to a special committee of the society, the Recording Group, and this was later presented to the AIA. This was favourably received and the database has been in development ever since. In 2002 the society received an award from the AIA. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{\displaystyle 480=2!\cdot 2!\cdot 5!} . Every tree has a number of symmetries that is a Jordan–Pólya number, and every Jordan–Pólya number arises in this way as the order of an automorphism group of a tree. These numbers are named after Camille Jordan and George Pólya, who both wrote about them in the context of symme... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The paper is also darkened in proportion to its exposure to light, so a second reversal results which restores light and dark to their normal order.Negatives were once commonly made on a thin sheet of glass rather than a plastic film, and some of the earliest negatives were made on paper.Transparent positive prints can... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The image on the right shows the permutohedron of order 4, which is the truncated octahedron. Its vertices are the 24 permutations of (1, 2, 3, 4). Parallel edges have the same edge color. The 6 edge colors correspond to the 6 possible transpositions of 4 elements, i.e. they indicate in which two places the connected p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Once researchers determine their preferred statistical model, different forms of regression analysis provide tools to estimate the parameters β {\displaystyle \beta } . For example, least squares (including its most common variant, ordinary least squares) finds the value of β {\displaystyle \beta } that minimizes the s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Another category of bug is called a race condition that may occur when programs have multiple components executing at the same time. If the components interact in a different order than the developer intended, they could interfere with each other and stop the program from completing its tasks. These bugs may be difficu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the fair cake-cutting problem, classic allocation rules such as divide and choose are not RM. Several rules are known to be RM: When the pieces may be disconnected, any allocation rule maximizing a concave welfare function of the absolute (not normalized) utilities is RM. In particular, the Nash-optimal rule, absolu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The most common and challenging criticism to metalinguistic description theories was put forth by Kripke himself: they seem to be an ad hoc explanation of a single linguistic phenomenon. Why should there be a metalinguistic theory for proper nouns (like names) but not for common nouns, count nouns, verbs, predicates, i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The log-logistic distribution is the probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm has a logistic distribution. It is similar in shape to the log-normal distribution but has heavier tails. Unlike the log-normal, its cumulative distribution function can be written in closed form. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Since there can be various levels of data classification and user clearances, this implies a quantified scale for robustness. For example, more robustness is indicated for system environments containing classified Top Secret information and uncleared users than for one with Secret information and users cleared to at le... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the case where all the matrices are Hermitian positive definite and all the eigenvalues are distinct, λ i = λ 0 i + x 0 i ⊤ ( δ K − λ 0 i δ M ) x 0 i x i = x 0 i ( 1 − 1 2 x 0 i ⊤ δ M x 0 i ) + ∑ j = 1 j ≠ i N x 0 j ⊤ ( δ K − λ 0 i δ M ) x 0 i λ 0 i − λ 0 j x 0 j {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\lambda _{i}&=\lambda ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In probability a quasi-stationary distribution is a random process that admits one or several absorbing states that are reached almost surely, but is initially distributed such that it can evolve for a long time without reaching it. The most common example is the evolution of a population: the only equilibrium is when ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In statistical research, it is an aim to measure the magnitudes of phenomena. For this purpose, phenomena have to be grouped and categorized, so that distinct and discrete counting units can be defined. It must be possible to allocate all observations to mutually exclusive categories, so that they are properly quantifi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In statistics, the mean absolute scaled error (MASE) is a measure of the accuracy of forecasts. It is the mean absolute error of the forecast values, divided by the mean absolute error of the in-sample one-step naive forecast. It was proposed in 2005 by statistician Rob J. Hyndman and Professor of Decision Sciences Ann... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This can be viewed as a special case of the result relating two minimal Stinespring representations. Alternatively, there is an isometry scalar matrix {uij}ij ∈ Cnm × nm such that A i = ∑ j = 1 u i j B j . {\displaystyle A_{i}=\sum _{j=1}u_{ij}B_{j}.} This follows from the fact that for two square matrices M and N, M M... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A measurement system can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, neither, or both. For example, if an experiment contains a systematic error, then increasing the sample size generally increases precision but does not improve accuracy. The result would be a consistent yet inaccurate string of results from... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In most of these systems, the hardware is not open to run general purpose applications. Bare machine computing originated with the application object (AO) concept invented by Karne at Towson University. It evolved over the years into dispersed operating systems (DOSC), and eventually into the BMC paradigm. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In category theory, a map may refer to a morphism. The term transformation can be used interchangeably, but transformation often refers to a function from a set to itself. There are also a few less common uses in logic and graph theory. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the foundations of mathematics, formalism is associated with a certain rigorous mathematical method: see formal system. In common usage, a formalism means the out-turn of the effort towards formalisation of a given limited area. In other words, matters can be formally discussed once captured in a formal system, or c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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