text
stringlengths
3
2.44k
source
stringclasses
1 value
These incorrect responses often matched the incorrect response of the majority group (i.e., actors). Overall, 75% of participants gave at least one incorrect answer out of the 12 critical trials. In his opinion regarding the study results, Asch put it this way: "That intelligent, well-meaning, young people are willing ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
397-398).Cook and Reckhow (1973) say it most succinctly: The indirect instructions are necessary in order for a fixed program to access an unbounded number of registers as the inputs vary." (p. 73)Unbounded capacities of registers versus bounded capacities of state-machine instructions: The so-called finite state part ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In statistics, the generalized Dirichlet distribution (GD) is a generalization of the Dirichlet distribution with a more general covariance structure and almost twice the number of parameters. Random vectors with a GD distribution are completely neutral.The density function of p 1 , … , p k − 1 {\displaystyle p_{1},\ld...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, two sets are said to be disjoint sets if they have no element in common. Equivalently, two disjoint sets are sets whose intersection is the empty set. For example, {1, 2, 3} and {4, 5, 6} are disjoint sets, while {1, 2, 3} and {3, 4, 5} are not disjoint. A collection of two or more sets is called disjoi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
The child element is within the parent element, such as in a Venn diagram. This structure is most effective in representing simple hierarchical relationships. For example, when directing someone to open a file on a computer desktop, one may first direct them towards the main folder, then the subfolders within the main ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In statistics, modes of variation are a continuously indexed set of vectors or functions that are centered at a mean and are used to depict the variation in a population or sample. Typically, variation patterns in the data can be decomposed in descending order of eigenvalues with the directions represented by the corre...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the case of the leaky bucket algorithm as a queue, the only defined limit for this algorithm is the bandwidth of its output.The bandwidth limit for the connection may be specified in a traffic contract. A bandwidth limit may be specified as a packet or frame rate, a byte or bit rate, or as an emission interval betwe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In modern mathematics, one often studies spaces whose points are themselves mathematical objects. A distance function on such a space generally aims to measure the dissimilarity between two objects. Here are some examples: Functions to a metric space. If X is any set and M is a metric space, then the set of all bounded...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the United Kingdom, the Official Charts Company compiles a weekly compilation albums chart, limited to various artists compilations and soundtrack compilations.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In probability theory, the law (or formula) of total probability is a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional probabilities. It expresses the total probability of an outcome which can be realized via several distinct events, hence the name.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Here, the word "broadcast" is used in the sense of conveying the state to two or more recipients. For multiple recipients to each receive the state, there must be, in some sense, a way of duplicating the state. The no-broadcast theorem generalizes the no-cloning theorem for mixed states.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Later releases added the ability to write unformatted dumps, called at that time core image dumps. In modern operating systems, a process address space may contain gaps, and it may share pages with other processes or files, so more elaborate representations are used; they may also include other information about the st...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Various multi-compartment models can be used in the areas of pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, in the support of efforts in drug discovery, and in environmental science. In humans and related organisms, there are five major body compartments: the blood plasma, interstitial fluids, fat tissues, intracellular fluids, an...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In statistics, intra-rater reliability is the degree of agreement among repeated administrations of a diagnostic test performed by a single rater. Intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability are aspects of test validity.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
It not only breaks the isolation that operating systems should provide between programs and hardware, raising both stability and security concerns, but also could leave the graphics hardware in an inconsistent state if two or more user space programs try to do the mode-setting at the same time. To avoid these conflicts...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
{\displaystyle {\frac {\sum _{v}d(v)^{2}}{2|E|}}={\frac {|V|}{2|E|}}(\mu ^{2}+\sigma ^{2})={\frac {\mu ^{2}+\sigma ^{2}}{\mu }}=\mu +{\frac {\sigma ^{2}}{\mu }}.} For a graph that has vertices of varying degrees (as is typical for social networks), σ 2 {\displaystyle {\sigma }^{2}} is strictly positive, which implies t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
The consumer has income I {\displaystyle I} , and hence a budget set of affordable packages B ( p , I ) = { x: p ⋅ x ≤ I } , {\displaystyle B(p,I)=\{x:p\cdot x\leq I\},} where p ⋅ x = ∑ i L p i x i {\displaystyle p\cdot x=\sum _{i}^{L}p_{i}x_{i}} is the dot product of the price and quantity vectors. The consumer has a ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In business telephony, a telephone extension may refer to a phone on an internal telephone line attached to a private branch exchange (PBX) or Centrex system. The PBX operates much as a community switchboard does for a geographic telephone numbering plan and allows multiple lines inside the office to connect without ea...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In order to use a hurricane tracking chart, one needs access to latitude/longitude pairs of the cyclone's center and maximum sustained wind information in order to know which symbol to depict. New tropical cyclone information is available at least every twelve hours in the Southern Hemisphere and at least every six hou...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In modern usage, metric is used almost exclusively in commercial transactions. These units are mostly historical, although they are still used in some limited contexts and in Maltese idioms and set phrases. Many of these terms are directly related to Arabic units and some to Sicilian units. The Weights and Measures Ord...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, the Chung–Fuchs theorem, named after Chung Kai-lai and Wolfgang Heinrich Johannes Fuchs, states that for a particle undergoing a random walk in m-dimensions, it is certain to come back infinitely often to any neighborhood of the origin on a one-dimensional line (m = 1) or two-dimensional plane (m = 2), ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
That means we can compute and store f {\displaystyle f} on all the possible values in T = ( log ⁡ log ⁡ q ) m {\displaystyle T=(\log \log q)^{m}} time and space. If we take d = log ⁡ q {\displaystyle d=\log q} , we get m = log ⁡ n log ⁡ log ⁡ q {\displaystyle m={\tfrac {\log n}{\log \log q}}} , so the time/space requir...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bot is a natural type for the "null pointer" value (a pointer which does not point to any object) of languages like Java: in Java, the null type is the universal subtype of reference types. null is the only value of the null type; and it can be cast to any reference type. However, the null type is not a bottom type as ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the remainder of this article, base ten is assumed. The single-digit final state reached in the process of calculating an integer's additive persistence is its digital root. Put another way, a number's additive persistence counts how many times we must sum its digits to arrive at its digital root.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the board game industry, playtesting applies both to feedback gathered during the early design process as well as late stage exposure to the target audience by a game's publisher. Major types of boardgame testing include local testing — where a designer, developer, or publisher representative moderates the test in p...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
For instance, the XML document and the ASCII tree have the same structure. XML Trees do not show the content in an Instance document, only the structure of the document. In this example Product is the Root Element of the tree and the two child nodes of Product are Name and Details. Details contains two child nodes, Des...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In order for a table to be in sixth normal form, it has to be in fifth normal form first and then it requires that each table satisfies only trivial join dependencies. Let’s take a simple example with a table already in 5NF: Here, in the users table, every attribute is non null and the primary key is the username: User...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order of the dictionaries to sequences of ordered symbols or, more generally, of elements of a totally ordered set. There are several variants and generalizations of the ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
By 1995, the Internet was fully commercialized in the U.S. when the NSFNet was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. As technology advanced and commercial opportunities fueled reciprocal growth, the volume of Internet traffic started experiencing similar char...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In standard truth-functional propositional logic, distribution in logical proofs uses two valid rules of replacement to expand individual occurrences of certain logical connectives, within some formula, into separate applications of those connectives across subformulas of the given formula. The rules are where " ⇔ {\di...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, in the area of quantum information geometry, the Bures metric (named after Donald Bures) or Helstrom metric (named after Carl W. Helstrom) defines an infinitesimal distance between density matrix operators defining quantum states. It is a quantum generalization of the Fisher information metric, and is i...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
The cylinder was rotated every 24 hours, providing an approximate time for a given quake.Luigi Palmieri, influenced by Mallet's 1848 paper, invented a seismometer in 1856 that could record the time of an earthquake. This device used metallic pendulums which closed an electric circuit with vibration, which then powered ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
(e.g. in a claim Bob instance of Human, Bob is the subject and an Instance, while the object, Human, is an ordinary class; but a further claim that Human instance of Animal species makes "Animal species" a metaclass because it has a member, "Human", that is also a Class). OWL 2 DL supports metaclasses by a feature call...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics and its applications, the root mean square of a set of numbers x i {\displaystyle x_{i}} (abbreviated as RMS, RMS or rms and denoted in formulas as either x R M S {\displaystyle x_{\mathrm {RMS} }} or R M S x {\displaystyle \mathrm {RMS} _{x}} ) is defined as the square root of the mean square (the arith...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
This could be confused with the Greek letter Theta on a badly focused display, but in practice there was no confusion because theta was not (then) a displayable character and very little used anyway. An alternative, the slashed zero (looking similar to the letter O except for the slash), was primarily used in hand-writ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In processor design, there are two ways to increase on-chip parallelism with fewer resource requirements: one is superscalar technique which tries to exploit instruction-level parallelism (ILP); the other is multithreading approach exploiting thread-level parallelism (TLP). Superscalar means executing multiple instruct...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Consequently, an irreducible ideal of a Noetherian ring is primary. Various methods of generalizing primary ideals to noncommutative rings exist, but the topic is most often studied for commutative rings. Therefore, the rings in this article are assumed to be commutative rings with identity.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, a partition of a set is a grouping of its elements into non-empty subsets, in such a way that every element is included in exactly one subset. Every equivalence relation on a set defines a partition of this set, and every partition defines an equivalence relation. A set equipped with an equivalence rela...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In statistics, a sampling frame is the source material or device from which a sample is drawn. It is a list of all those within a population who can be sampled, and may include individuals, households or institutions.Importance of the sampling frame is stressed by Jessen and Salant and Dillman. In many practical situat...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the Kochen–Specker article the possibility is discussed that the value attribution v ( A ) {\displaystyle v(\mathbf {A} )} may be context-dependent, i.e. observables corresponding to equal vectors in different columns of the table need not have equal values because different columns correspond to different measureme...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, finite-dimensional distributions are a tool in the study of measures and stochastic processes. A lot of information can be gained by studying the "projection" of a measure (or process) onto a finite-dimensional vector space (or finite collection of times).
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the SubBytes step, each byte a i , j {\displaystyle a_{i,j}} in the state array is replaced with a SubByte S ( a i , j ) {\displaystyle S(a_{i,j})} using an 8-bit substitution box. Note that before round 0, the state array is simply the plaintext/input. This operation provides the non-linearity in the cipher.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In number theory, zero-sum problems are certain kinds of combinatorial problems about the structure of a finite abelian group. Concretely, given a finite abelian group G and a positive integer n, one asks for the smallest value of k such that every sequence of elements of G of size k contains n terms that sum to 0. The...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In physics, Averroes did not adopt the inductive method that was being developed by Al-Biruni in the Islamic world and is closer to today's physics. Rather, he was—in the words of historian of science Ruth Glasner—a "exegetical" scientist who produced new theses about nature through discussions of previous texts, espec...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
For example, a typical server runs at 425 W and VMware estimates a hardware reduction ratio of up to 15:1. A virtual machine (VM) can be more easily controlled and inspected from a remote site than a physical machine, and the configuration of a VM is more flexible. This is very useful in kernel development and for teac...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In multi-stage job scheduling problems, there are other options for the machine environments: O: Open-shop problem. Every job j {\displaystyle j} consists of m {\displaystyle m} operations O i j {\displaystyle O_{ij}} for i = 1 , … , m {\displaystyle i=1,\ldots ,m} .
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In response, the field of integrity management has been born to help clients conduct business, even in the most challenging of markets, without compromising their ethics. With the help of expert advice, companies can go beyond abiding by the law to taking a voluntary, proactive approach to ensuring a company's activiti...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
{\displaystyle ~-2\ln()=-2\;\sum _{i=1}^{k}x_{i}\ln \left({\frac {\pi _{i}}{p_{i}}}\right)~.} (The factor − 2 {\displaystyle ~-2~} is chosen to make the statistic asymptotically chi-squared distributed, for convenient comparison to a familiar statistic commonly used for the same application.) If the null hypothesis is ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Legendre's formula describes the exponents of the prime numbers in a prime factorization of the factorials, and can be used to count the trailing zeros of the factorials. Daniel Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler interpolated the factorial function to a continuous function of complex numbers, except at the negative integers,...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of a line segment between the two points. It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, therefore occasionally being called the Pythagorean distance. These names come from the an...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Geometrically, it is the product of the Euclidean magnitudes of the two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. These definitions are equivalent when using Cartesian coordinates. In modern geometry, Euclidean spaces are often defined by using vector spaces. In this case, the dot product is used for defining l...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Such dogmatic assertions can't be proved. The statements are not based on possible experience. In section II, the discipline of pure reason in polemics, Kant argues strongly against the polemical use of pure reason.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
If one requires a more differentiated hierarchy of animals – to differentiate, say, those who provide milk from those who provide nothing except meat at the end of their lives – that is an intermediary level of abstraction, probably DairyAnimal (cows, goats) who would eat foods suitable to giving good milk, and MeatAni...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the U.S., SMS is often charged both at the sender and at the destination, but, unlike phone calls, it cannot be rejected or dismissed. The reasons for lower uptake than other countries are varied. Many users have unlimited "mobile-to-mobile" minutes, high monthly minute allotments, or unlimited service.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, a ternary relation or triadic relation is a finitary relation in which the number of places in the relation is three. Ternary relations may also be referred to as 3-adic, 3-ary, 3-dimensional, or 3-place. Just as a binary relation is formally defined as a set of pairs, i.e. a subset of the Cartesian pro...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In spatial statistics and stochastic geometry, to measure the statistical correlation relationship between points of a point process, the pair correlation function of a point process N {\displaystyle {N}} is defined as: ρ ( x 1 , x 2 ) = μ ( 2 ) ( x 1 , x 2 ) μ ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) μ ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) , {\displaystyle \rho (x_{1}...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the 1990s, the object-oriented programming paradigm was applied to database technology, creating a new database model known as object databases. This aims to avoid the object–relational impedance mismatch – the overhead of converting information between its representation in the database (for example as rows in tabl...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
The second and third columns would give, (1,1), (2,1), (2,2) and (1,2); again, all possible ordered pairs each appearing once. The same statement would hold had the first and second columns been used. This is thus an orthogonal array of strength two.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the United States the majority of smartphones use IPv6, but only a small percent of computers and tablets use IPv6. As of April 2022, 46.2% of Google users in the US use IPv6.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In programming languages that support generics (a.k.a. parametric polymorphism), the programmer can extend the type system with new constructors. For example, a C# interface like IList makes it possible to construct new types like IList or IList . The question then arises what the variance of these type constructors sh...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
At each single observation in the sequence, probabilities to be used for calculations at the next observation are computed. The smoothing step can be calculated simultaneously during the backward pass. This step allows the algorithm to take into account any past observations of output for computing more accurate result...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, an extraneous solution (or spurious solution) is a solution, such as that to an equation, that emerges from the process of solving the problem but is not a valid solution to the problem. A missing solution is a solution that is a valid solution to the problem, but disappeared during the process of solvi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the distributed approach, each developer works directly with their own local repository, and changes are shared between repositories as a separate step.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematical logic, a ground term of a formal system is a term that does not contain any variables. Similarly, a ground formula is a formula that does not contain any variables. In first-order logic with identity with constant symbols a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} , the sentence Q ( a ) ∨ P ( b ) {\dis...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
{\displaystyle \ln(m_{i}!)} is a constant, it will not give any additional information regarding the position of the maximum, so let's consider α ( m | E ) = ∑ i K {\displaystyle \alpha (m\vert E)=\sum _{i}^{K}\left} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is something that shares the same maximum position as P ( m | E ) {\di...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
All diagonal elements M i i {\displaystyle M_{ii}} in a tuned filter are equal to zero because a susceptance vanishes at the resonant frequency. Important merit of the matrix M {\displaystyle \mathbf {M} } is the fact that it allows to directly compute the frequency response of the equivalent network having the inducti...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics before the 1970s, the term umbral calculus referred to the surprising similarity between seemingly unrelated polynomial equations and certain shadowy techniques used to "prove" them. These techniques were introduced by John Blissard and are sometimes called Blissard's symbolic method. They are often attr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the case of indivisible items, we have the following strong versions of the two welfare theorems: Any competitive equilibrium maximizes the social welfare (the sum of utilities), not only over all realistic assignments of items, but also over all fractional assignments of items. I.e., even if we could assign fractio...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics and computer science, a matroid oracle is a subroutine through which an algorithm may access a matroid, an abstract combinatorial structure that can be used to describe the linear dependencies between vectors in a vector space or the spanning trees of a graph, among other applications. The most commonly ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Priority inversion can also reduce the perceived performance of the system. Low-priority tasks usually have a low priority because it is not important for them to finish promptly (for example, they might be a batch job or another non-interactive activity).
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, the Chvátal–Sankoff constants are mathematical constants that describe the lengths of longest common subsequences of random strings. Although the existence of these constants has been proven, their exact values are unknown. They are named after Václav Chvátal and David Sankoff, who began investigating t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In bifurcating (fully resolved) trees, each internal branch induces a quartet whose leaves are either subtrees of the original tree or actual leaves of the original tree. If the topology of a quartet extracted from the reference species tree is embedded in the gene tree, the quartet is compatible with the gene tree. Co...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In order to assess whether financial management for IT services has been successfully deployed, the following key performance indicators may be examined: do the predicted budgets match the actual expenditure? has user behavior changed to follow the corporate IT goals? are charges seen by users and customers to be simpl...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In numerical analysis, an incomplete Cholesky factorization of a symmetric positive definite matrix is a sparse approximation of the Cholesky factorization. An incomplete Cholesky factorization is often used as a preconditioner for algorithms like the conjugate gradient method. The Cholesky factorization of a positive ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In a specific example, the goal of Verschelde, et al. was the integration of several different ontology libraries into a larger one that contained more definitions of different subspecialties (medical, molecular biological, etc.) and was able to distinguish between ambiguous tags; the result was a data-warehouse like e...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the early years, ACAR was mainly used to investigate the physics of the electron-positron annihilation process. In the 1930s several annihilation mechanism were discussed. Otto Klemperer could show with his angular correlation setup that the electron-positron pairs annihilate mainly into two gamma quanta which are e...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
The same heuristic renumbering algorithm that reduce the bandwidth are also used to reduce the skyline. The basic and one of the earliest algorithms to do that is reverse Cuthill–McKee algorithm. However, skyline storage is not as popular for very large systems (many millions of equations) because skyline Cholesky is n...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Richard Cole and Uzi Vishkin show that there is a distributed algorithm that reduces the number of colors from n to O(log n) in one synchronous communication step. By iterating the same procedure, it is possible to obtain a 3-coloring of an n-cycle in O(log* n) communication steps (assuming that we have unique node ide...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In numerical optimization, the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm is an iterative method for solving unconstrained nonlinear optimization problems. Like the related Davidon–Fletcher–Powell method, BFGS determines the descent direction by preconditioning the gradient with curvature information. It does so...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In morpheme-based morphology, word forms are analyzed as arrangements of morphemes. A morpheme is defined as the minimal meaningful unit of a language. In a word such as independently, the morphemes are said to be in-, de-, pend, -ent, and -ly; pend is the (bound) root and the other morphemes are, in this case, derivat...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, an isomorphism is a structure-preserving mapping between two structures of the same type that can be reversed by an inverse mapping. Two mathematical structures are isomorphic if an isomorphism exists between them. The word isomorphism is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos "equal", and μορφή morp...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Hardware execution of Java bytecode, such as that offered by ARM's Jazelle, was also explored to offer significant performance improvements. The performance of a Java bytecode compiled Java program depends on how optimally its given tasks are managed by the host Java virtual machine (JVM), and how well the JVM exploits...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In some cases, an evaluation is done to determine the fit of a development proposal within its environment. It also allows comparison of alternatives. Another purpose is to seek the best use of resources to maximize economic vitality.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In number theory, Sophie Germain's theorem is a statement about the divisibility of solutions to the equation x p + y p = z p {\displaystyle x^{p}+y^{p}=z^{p}} of Fermat's Last Theorem for odd prime p {\displaystyle p} .
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, a Sastry automorphism, is an automorphism of a field of characteristic 2 satisfying some rather complicated conditions related to the problem of embedding Ree groups of type 2F4 into Chevalley groups of type F4. They were introduced by Sastry (1995), and named and classified by Bombieri (2002) who showe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
{\displaystyle (\neg A)\wedge (\neg B).} If either A or B were true, then the disjunction of A and B would be true, making its negation false. Presented in English, this follows the logic that "since two things are both false, it is also false that either of them is true".
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Each returning traveler must have enough supplies on the way back. The problem asks for the minimum number of accompanying travelers needed to reach the other base.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Consider a function f ∈ K ¯ ( C ) ∗ {\displaystyle f\in {\overline {K}}(C)^{*}} , then we can look at the formal sum div ( f ) = ∑ P ∈ C o r d P ( f ) {\textstyle (f)=\sum _{P\in C}{\mathrm {ord} _{P}(f)}} . Here o r d P ( f ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {ord} _{P}(f)} denotes the order of f {\displaystyle f} at P {\displa...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In recursion theory, ϕ e {\displaystyle \phi _{e}} denotes the computable function with index (program) e in some standard numbering of computable functions, and ϕ e B {\displaystyle \phi _{e}^{B}} denotes the eth computable function using a set B of natural numbers as an oracle. A set A of natural numbers is Turing re...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, a primorial prime is a prime number of the form pn# ± 1, where pn# is the primorial of pn (i.e. the product of the first n primes).Primality tests show that pn# − 1 is prime for n = 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 24, ... (sequence A057704 in the OEIS) pn# + 1 is prime for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, ... (sequence A01454...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In mathematics, a category is distributive if it has finite products and finite coproducts and such that for every choice of objects A , B , C {\displaystyle A,B,C} , the canonical map : A × B + A × C → A × ( B + C ) {\displaystyle :A\!\times \!B\,+A\!\times \!C\to A\!\times \! (B+C)} is an isomorphism, and for all obj...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Therefore, an informed user is one who can protect and achieve the best security out of the system they use. Because of the importance of end-user security and the impact it can have on organisations the UK government set out a guidance for the public sector, to help civil servants learn how to be more security aware w...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Alternatively, one can visualize infinitely many 3-dimensional planes that go through N = 2 {\displaystyle N=2} fixed points. More generally, to estimate a least squares model with k {\displaystyle k} distinct parameters, one must have N ≥ k {\displaystyle N\geq k} distinct data points. If N > k {\displaystyle N>k} , t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the early 1980s, researchers at UC Berkeley and IBM both discovered that most computer language compilers and interpreters used only a small subset of the instructions of complex instruction set computing (CISC). Much of the power of the CPU was being ignored in real-world use. They realized that by making the compu...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In operating systems, write barrier is a mechanism for enforcing a particular ordering in a sequence of writes to a storage system in a computer system. For example, a write barrier in a file system is a mechanism (program logic) that ensures that in-memory file system state is written out to persistent storage in the ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
This ensures semantically rigorous designs, preserving identical semantics throughout the chip design flow, which included extensive use of formal verification techniques. Without such attention, integrating an ARM11 with third-party designs could risk exposing hard-to-find latent bugs. Due to ARM cores being integrate...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Timing Advance is significant for privacy and communications security, as its combination with other variables can allow GSM localization to find the device's position and track the mobile phone user. TA is also used to adjust transmission power in space-division multiple access systems. This limited the original range...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
DECT phones use allocated spectrum outside the ISM bands that differs in Europe and North America. Ultra-wideband LANs require more spectrum than the ISM bands can provide, so the relevant standards such as IEEE 802.15.4a are designed to make use of spectrum outside the ISM bands. Despite the fact that these additional...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the analysis of algorithms, the input to breadth-first search is assumed to be a finite graph, represented as an adjacency list, adjacency matrix, or similar representation. However, in the application of graph traversal methods in artificial intelligence the input may be an implicit representation of an infinite gr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
In the category of sets, the morphisms between sets X and Y are the functions from X to Y. It results that the set of the functions from X to Y that is denoted Y X {\displaystyle Y^{X}} in the preceding section can also be denoted hom ⁡ ( X , Y ) . {\displaystyle \hom(X,Y).} The isomorphism ( S T ) U ≅ S T × U {\displa...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus