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In number theory, the ideal class group (or class group) of an algebraic number field K is the quotient group JK /PK where JK is the group of fractional ideals of the ring of integers of K, and PK is its subgroup of principal ideals. The class group is a measure of the extent to which unique factorization fails in the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
One approach would be to modify the program-instructions (the ones stored in the registers) so that they contain more than one command. But this too can be exhausted unless an instruction is of (potentially) unbounded size. So why not use just one "über-instruction" – one really really big number – that contains all th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
(The above properties relating to rows may be replaced by the corresponding statements with respect to columns.) Determinants occur throughout mathematics. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the flow-equivalent server method (also known as flow-equivalent aggregation technique, Norton's theorem for queueing networks or the Chandy–Herzog–Woo method) is a divide-and-conquer method to solve product form queueing networks inspired ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The technique was extended to unit disk graphs by Schneider et al. The fastest deterministic algorithms for (Δ + 1)-coloring for small Δ are due to Leonid Barenboim, Michael Elkin and Fabian Kuhn. The algorithm by Barenboim et al. runs in time O(Δ) + log*(n)/2, which is optimal in terms of n since the constant factor 1... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A significant invention, which later had a profound effect on electronic music, was the audion in 1906. This was the first thermionic valve, or vacuum tube and which led to the generation and amplification of electrical signals, radio broadcasting, and electronic computation, among other things. Other early synthesizer... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematical optimization, oracle complexity is a standard theoretical framework to study the computational requirements for solving classes of optimization problems. It is suitable for analyzing iterative algorithms which proceed by computing local information about the objective function at various points (such as... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The distinction between BYOD and school-issued devices became blurred when many schools started recommending devices for parents to buy (examples for both iPads and Chromebooks being used 1:1 in schools, but being paid for by parents exist, there may be similar evidence for other devices). The term 1:1 computing in edu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Tuple may be formally defined from ordered pairs by recurrence by starting from ordered pairs; indeed, a n-tuple can be identified with the ordered pair of its (n − 1) first elements and its nth element. Tuples are usually written by listing the elements within parentheses "( )", separated by a comma and a space; for e... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the Netherlands, there is coverage on all the lines and the old system called Telerail was abandoned in favour of GSM-R in 2006. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In order to ensure replica convergence, a system must reconcile differences between multiple copies of distributed data. This consists of two parts: exchanging versions or updates of data between servers (often known as anti-entropy); and choosing an appropriate final state when concurrent updates have occurred, called... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Be aware that roundoff errors can accumulate. If M decimal places are used in the intermediate calculation, we say there are M−N guard digits. Guard digits are also used in floating point operations in most computer systems. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematical logic the theory of pure equality is a first-order theory. It has a signature consisting of only the equality relation symbol, and includes no non-logical axioms at all.This theory is consistent but incomplete, as a non-empty set with the usual equality relation provides an interpretation making certain... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Hence, it cannot account for the correct or incorrect application of a name. He claimed that there was a natural correctness to names. To do this, he pointed out that compound words and phrases have a range of correctness. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
C libraries complying to POSIX or the Single Unix Specification (SUSv3) provided such routines as getcontext, setcontext, makecontext and swapcontext, but these functions were declared obsolete in POSIX 1.2008.Once a second call stack has been obtained with one of the methods listed above, the setjmp and longjmp functi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the distributed environment, one might have difficulties in keeping track of everyone's workload and contribution towards the deliverable. Through adoption of agile principles and practices, the visibility is made clearer as there are multiple iterations where one can visualize the issues or criticalities on the ini... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, two non-empty subsets A and B of a given metric space (X, d) are said to be positively separated if the infimum inf a ∈ A , b ∈ B d ( a , b ) > 0. {\displaystyle \inf _{a\in A,b\in B}d(a,b)>0.} (Some authors also specify that A and B should be disjoint sets; however, this adds nothing to the definition,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Formally, given a set of data points x, the k centers ci are to be chosen so as to minimize the sum of the distances from each x to the nearest ci. The criterion function formulated in this way is sometimes a better criterion than that used in the k-means clustering algorithm, in which the sum of the squared distances ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The programmer would change the one-word BR to the two-word JMP instruction from the next group. As JMP has no conditional forms, the programmer would change BEQ to a BNE that branched around a JMP. SOB (Subtract One and Branch) is another conditional branch instruction. The specified register is decremented by 1, and ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In modern operating systems, non-system (i.e. user-mode) applications are prevented from accessing any memory locations not explicitly authorized by the virtual memory controller (called memory management unit (MMU)). In addition to containing damage that may be caused by software flaws and allowing more efficient use ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, a nonnegative matrix, written X ≥ 0 , {\displaystyle \mathbf {X} \geq 0,} is a matrix in which all the elements are equal to or greater than zero, that is, x i j ≥ 0 ∀ i , j . {\displaystyle x_{ij}\geq 0\qquad \forall {i,j}.} A positive matrix is a matrix in which all the elements are strictly greater t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the EAV table itself, this is just an attribute ID, a foreign key into an Attribute Definitions table, as stated above. However, there are usually multiple metadata tables that contain attribute-related information, and these are discussed shortly. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the 1880s Herman Hollerith invented the recording of data on a medium that could then be read by a machine. Prior uses of machine readable media had been for lists of instructions (not data) to drive programmed machines such as Jacquard looms and mechanized musical instruments. "After some initial trials with paper ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Therefore, equation (5) applied successively, provides an algorithm to estimate our ground truth x n e w {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} _{new}} by ascending (since it moves in the direction of the gradient of the likelihood) in the likelihood landscape. It has not been demonstrated in this derivation that it converges and ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
More precisely, letting X = X(t,m) be the minimal number of cuts required to split the necklace. The following holds as m tends to infinity. For any s < ( t + 1 ) / 2 {\displaystyle s<(t+1)/2} P ( X = s ) = Θ ( m s − ( t + 1 ) / 2 ) . {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (X=s)=\Theta {\big (}m^{s-(t+1)/2}{\big )}.} For any ( t +... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Instead of repeating step two to convergence, it may be formulated and solved as a set of linear equations. These equations are merely obtained by making s = s ′ {\displaystyle s=s'} in the step two equation. Thus, repeating step two to convergence can be interpreted as solving the linear equations by relaxation. This ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In set theory, Cantor's diagonal argument, also called the diagonalisation argument, the diagonal slash argument, the anti-diagonal argument, the diagonal method, and Cantor's diagonalization proof, was published in 1891 by Georg Cantor as a mathematical proof that there are infinite sets which cannot be put into one-t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The discrepancy (irregularity) measures how far a given distribution deviates from an ideal one. Discrepancy theory can be described as the study of inevitable irregularities of distributions, in measure-theoretic and combinatorial settings. Just as Ramsey theory elucidates the impossibility of total disorder, discrepa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In most dialects of American English, speakers have a process known as intervocalic alveolar flapping that changes the consonants /t/ and /d/ into a quick flap consonant () in words such as "butter" () and "notable" (). The stop consonants /t/ and /d/ only become a flap in between two vowels, where the first vowel is s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A rainbow set is a conflict-free set in the special case in which GO is made of disjoint cliques, where each clique represents a color.Conflict-free set cover is the problem of finding a conflict-free subset of O that is a covering of P. Banik, Panolan, Raman, Sahlot and Saurabh prove the following for the special case... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematical logic, the Friedberg–Muchnik theorem is a theorem about Turing reductions that was proven independently by Albert Muchnik and Richard Friedberg in the middle of the 1950s. It is a more general view of the Kleene–Post theorem. The Kleene–Post theorem states that there exist incomparable languages A and B... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In probability theory and statistics, the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution (GIG) is a three-parameter family of continuous probability distributions with probability density function f ( x ) = ( a / b ) p / 2 2 K p ( a b ) x ( p − 1 ) e − ( a x + b / x ) / 2 , x > 0 , {\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {(a/b)^{p/2}}{2... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In recreational mathematics, many problems concern the properties of numbers under concatenation of their numerals in some base. Examples include home primes (primes obtained by repeatedly factoring the increasing concatenation of prime factors of a given number), Smarandache–Wellin numbers (the concatenations of the f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Language is not an arbitrary set of conventions but a way of thinking and representing the world to oneself. It is not a conditioning process, but one in which the learner actively organizes his perceptions into linguistics concepts.The series method is a variety of the direct method in that experiences are directly co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero. There is no strict definition regarding the proportion of zero-value elements for a matrix to qualify as sparse but a common criterion is that the number of non-zero elements is roughly eq... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In a completely regular semigroup, each Green H-class is a group and the semigroup is the union of these groups. Hence completely regular semigroups are also referred to as "unions of groups". Epigroups generalize this notion and their class includes all completely regular semigroups. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematical logic, a formula is satisfiable if it is true under some assignment of values to its variables. For example, the formula x + 3 = y {\displaystyle x+3=y} is satisfiable because it is true when x = 3 {\displaystyle x=3} and y = 6 {\displaystyle y=6} , while the formula x + 1 = x {\displaystyle x+1=x} is n... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In matroid theory, the dual of a matroid M {\displaystyle M} is another matroid M ∗ {\displaystyle M^{\ast }} that has the same elements as M {\displaystyle M} , and in which a set is independent if and only if M {\displaystyle M} has a basis set disjoint from it.Matroid duals go back to the original paper by Hassler W... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, the map segmentation problem is a kind of optimization problem. It involves a certain geographic region that has to be partitioned into smaller sub-regions in order to achieve a certain goal. Typical optimization objectives include: Minimizing the workload of a fleet of vehicles assigned to the sub-regi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
If data models are developed on a system by system basis, then not only is the same analysis repeated in overlapping areas, but further analysis must be performed to create the interfaces between them. Most systems within an organization contain the same basic data, redeveloped for a specific purpose. Therefore, an eff... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the early 1990s Sun-Joo Shin presented an extension of Existential Graphs called Venn-II. Syntax and semantics are given formally, together with a set of Rules of Transformation which are shown to be sound and complete. Proofs proceed by applying the rules (which remove or add syntactic elements to or from diagrams)... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
To overcome the problems, some applications may simply attempt to replace the decomposed characters with the equivalent precomposed characters. With an incomplete font, however, precomposed characters may also be problematic – especially if they are more exotic, as in the following example (showing the reconstructed Pr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In painting and other visual arts, two-dimensional color wheels or three-dimensional color solids are used to represent the essential relationships between colors. The split-primary palette is a color-wheel model that attempts to explain, and to compensate for, the unsatisfactory results often produced when mixing the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
For instance, the product of type1, ..., typen is written type1*...*typen in ML and (type1,...,typen) in Haskell. In both these languages, tuples are written (v1,...,vn) and the components of a tuple are extracted by pattern-matching. Additionally, many functional programming languages provide more general algebraic da... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means, or more briefly the AM–GM inequality, states that the arithmetic mean of a list of non-negative real numbers is greater than or equal to the geometric mean of the same list; and further, that the two means are equal if and only if every number in the lis... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In public policy a polycentric network is a group of distinct local, regional, or national entities that work co-operatively towards a common goal. Proponents claim that such networks can better adapt to changing issues collectively than individually, thus providing network participants better results from relevant eff... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In recent years, scientists and audio engineers have been developing smartphone apps to conduct sound measurements, similar to the standalone sound level meters and dosimeters. In 2014, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In practice, signals exhibiting cyclicity with more than one incommensurate period arise and require a generalization of the theory of cyclostationarity. Such signals are called polycyclostationary if they exhibit a finite number of incommensurate periods and almost cyclostationary if they exhibit a countably infinite ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mobile networks, the terminal adapter is used by the terminal equipment to access the mobile termination, using AT commands (see Hayes command set). In 2G (such as GSM or CDMA), the terminal adapter is a theoretically optional while in 3G (such as W-CDMA), the terminal adapter is mandatory and is part of the mobile ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In most regions, Google Pay on Android permits the issuing bank to determine whether to allow its payment cards to be able to transmit when the mobile device is locked under a certain monetary amount. Issuers in Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, and the United States of America cannot allow locked-device payments exc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In some programming languages, an implicit declaration is provided the first time such a variable is encountered at compile time. In other languages, such a usage is considered to be an error, which may result in a diagnostic message. Some languages have started out with the implicit declaration behavior, but as they m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In Flames' next two albums, Soundtrack to Your Escape (2004) and Come Clarity (2006), peaked at numbers 145 and 58 on the Billboard 200, respectively, with the latter album giving In Flames a Swedish Grammy Award. The Black Dahlia Murder, Arch Enemy, Children of Bodom, and Amon Amarth also enter the Billboard 200 durin... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the algorithm, αk is chosen such that r k + 1 {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{k+1}} is orthogonal to r k {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{k}} . The denominator is simplified from α k = r k T r k r k T A p k = r k T r k p k T A p k {\displaystyle \alpha _{k}={\frac {\mathbf {r} _{k}^{\mathsf {T}}\mathbf {r} _{k}}{\mathbf {r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In an adaptation of LPT called restricted LPT or RLPT, inputs are assigned in pairs - one to each machine (for m=2 machines). The resulting partition is balanced by design. Coffman, Frederickson and Lueker show that the expected largest sum of RLPT when inputs are uniformly-distributed random variables is exactly n 4 +... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The unit number or command code occupies the first 4 of the 5 bits. The final bit is a 0 for a unit code and a 1 for a command code. Multiple unit codes may be transmitted in sequence before a command code is finally sent. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
If the net gain expressed in dB is negative, it is also called the net loss. If the net gain is expressed as a ratio, and the ratio is less than unity, a net loss is indicated. The test signal must be chosen so that its power level is within the usual operating range of the circuit being tested. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Let C A {\displaystyle C^{A}} (also written A C {\displaystyle ^{A}C} ) denote the class of sets that fulfill the function property. This is the class of functions from A {\displaystyle A} to C {\displaystyle C} in a pure set theory. Below the notation x → y {\displaystyle x\to y} is also used for y x {\displaystyle y^... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In radio communication systems, information is carried across space using radio waves. At the sending end, the information to be sent is converted by some type of transducer to a time-varying electrical signal called the modulation signal. The modulation signal may be an audio signal representing sound from a microphon... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The associativity up to isomorphism is then a way of expressing that different ways of aggregating the same data—such as ( ( a , b ) , c ) {\displaystyle ((a,b),c)} and ( a , ( b , c ) ) {\displaystyle (a,(b,c))} —store the same information even though the aggregate values need not be the same. The aggregate type may b... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Its first known appearance in a technical paper was in a 2003 paper by Austrian researcher Leo Sauermann.Many of the existing semantic wiki applications were started in the mid-2000s, including ArtificialMemory (2004), Semantic MediaWiki (2005), Freebase (2005), and OntoWiki (2006). June 2006 saw the first meeting dedi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the context of classification of groups, there is an essentially unique group containing exactly 2 elements. Similarly, there is also an essentially unique group containing exactly 3 elements: the cyclic group of order three. In fact, regardless of how one chooses to write the three elements and denote the group ope... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, mirror descent is an iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. It generalizes algorithms such as gradient descent and multiplicative weights. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the early years, a prepaid mobile phone could only be used within the network of the operator from which the customer purchased the phone. It was not possible to roam onto other GSM networks when using the phone abroad. This was because the operator had no way to bill calls in real time from another network. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In number theory, a Carmichael number is a composite number n {\displaystyle n} , which in modular arithmetic satisfies the congruence relation: b n ≡ b ( mod n ) {\displaystyle b^{n}\equiv b{\pmod {n}}} for all integers b {\displaystyle b} . The relation may also be expressed in the form: b n − 1 ≡ 1 ( mod n ) {\displ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics and theoretical physics, zeta function regularization is a type of regularization or summability method that assigns finite values to divergent sums or products, and in particular can be used to define determinants and traces of some self-adjoint operators. The technique is now commonly applied to proble... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Some significant work was also done on percolation on random graphs. From a physicist's point of view this would still be a mean-field model, so the justification of the research is often formulated in terms of the robustness of the graph, viewed as a communication network. Given a random graph of n ≫ 1 nodes with an a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Third person singular pronouns in English also have a gender feature: "she" is , "he" and "it . Different lexical categories realise or are specified for different grammatical features: for example, verbs in English are specified for tense, aspect and mood features, as well as person and number. The features that a ca... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In principle, however, this could also signify that a parametric test has been employed in a situation where all parametric assumptions are fully met, but it is in most cases impossible to prove this completely in a real-world situation. Exceptions in which it is certain that parametric tests are exact include tests ba... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This vector corresponds to the stationary distribution of the Markov chain represented by the row-normalized adjacency matrix; however, the adjacency matrix must first be modified to ensure a stationary distribution exists. The second smallest eigenvector can be used to partition the graph into clusters, via spectral c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This line of research began with Werner Heisenberg's matrix mechanics and in a more mathematically developed form with Pascual Jordan around 1933. Subsequently, John von Neumann attempted to establish a general framework for these algebras, which culminated in a series of papers on rings of operators. These papers cons... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Another is defined the same way, but using split octonions instead of octonions. The final is constructed from the non-split octonions using a different standard involution. Over any algebraically closed field, there is just one Albert algebra, and its automorphism group G is the simple split group of type F4. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, a set of natural numbers is called a K-trivial set if its initial segments viewed as binary strings are easy to describe: the prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity is as low as possible, close to that of a computable set. Solovay proved in 1975 that a set can be K-trivial without being computable. The Schno... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the United Kingdom and other parts of the Commonwealth of Nations, an equivalent service to direct distance dialing is subscriber trunk dialing (STD), and ISD for international subscriber trunk dialing. Queen Elizabeth II inaugurated STD on 5 December 1958, when she dialed a call from Bristol to Edinburgh and spoke ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the ETen (倚天) Chinese operating system, the following code points are added, to add support for some characters present in the IBM 5550's code page but absent from generic Big5: 0xA3C0–0xA3E0: 33 control characters. 0xC6A1–0xC875: circle 1–10, bracket 1–10, Roman numerals 1–9 (i–ix), CJK radical glyphs, Japanese hir... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, an element (or member) of a set is any one of the distinct objects that belong to that set. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In software engineering, overhead can influence the decision whether or not to include features in new products, or indeed whether to fix bugs. A feature that has a high overhead may not be included – or needs a big financial incentive to do so. Often, even though software providers are well aware of bugs in their prod... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematical optimization, the problem of non-negative least squares (NNLS) is a type of constrained least squares problem where the coefficients are not allowed to become negative. That is, given a matrix A and a (column) vector of response variables y, the goal is to find a r g m i n x ‖ A x − y ‖ 2 2 {\displays... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Doing this is only a win if the subexpression computation costs more in time than fetching from memory, which in most stack CPUs, almost always is the case. It is never worthwhile for simple variables and pointer fetches, because those already have the same cost of one data cache cycle per access. It is only marginally... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the United States, taxation of sodium has been proposed as a method of decreasing sodium intake and thereby improving health in countries where typical salt consumption is high. Taking an alternative view, the Salt Institute, a salt industry body based in North America, is active in promoting the use of salt, and qu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the exhaustive recall method, participants are asked to record all the memories they can access before a specific age. This method, like free recall, relies on participants to come up with memories without cues. Exhaustive recall yields a better understanding than others on the number of memories surviving from earl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This problem is NP-complete, implying that neither it nor the optimization problem are expected to have polynomial time algorithms. It was one of Richard M. Karp's original set of 21 NP-complete problems; its NP-completeness was proved by Karp and Eugene Lawler by showing that inputs for another hard problem, the verte... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Most commonly, the conditional mean of the response given the values of the explanatory variables (or predictors) is assumed to be an affine function of those values; less commonly, the conditional median or some other quantile is used. Like all forms of regression analysis, linear regression focuses on the conditional... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the context of a clinical trial, quality typically refers to the absence of errors which can impact decision making, both during the conduct of the trial and in use of the trial results. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The main market for RISC CPUs has been systems that need low power or small size. Even some CISC processors (based on architectures that were created before RISC grew dominant), such as newer x86 processors, translate instructions internally into a RISC-like instruction set. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In statistics, prediction is a part of statistical inference. One particular approach to such inference is known as predictive inference, but the prediction can be undertaken within any of the several approaches to statistical inference. Indeed, one description of statistics is that it provides a means of transferring ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the book that was published in 1572, entitled Algebra, Bombelli gave a comprehensive account of the algebra known at the time. He was the first European to write down the way of performing computations with negative numbers. The following is an excerpt from the text: "Plus times plus makes plus Minus times minus mak... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} ({\sqrt {c}}).} In this field every element may be uniquely written α + β c , {\displaystyle \alpha +\beta {\sqrt {c}},} with α {\displaystyle \alpha } and β {\displaystyle \beta } being rational numbers. This implies that ± 2 x y {\displaystyle \pm 2{\sqrt {xy}}} is not rational (otherwise t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In some applications, it is more important to minimize the total length of the cuts (e.g. to minimize the cost of performing the partition, or to minimize the amount of dust). This problem is called minimum edge-length rectangular partitioning. It was first studied by Lingas, Pinter, Rivest and Shamir in 1982. The run-... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The NIHR Quality, Safety and Outcomes Policy Research Unit has focused on measuring and assessing the integration of services. They began by examining whether measures were available to assess processes and outcomes of integration of services. They found a very large number of available measures but the infrequent use ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In model theory, the notion of an algebraic structure is generalized to structures involving both operations and relations. Let L be a signature consisting of function and relation symbols, and A, B be two L-structures. Then a homomorphism from A to B is a mapping h from the domain of A to the domain of B such that h(F... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the body of a generic unit, the (formal) type parameter is handled like its upper bound (expressed with extends; Object if not constrained). If the return type of a method is the type parameter, the result (e.g. of type ?) can be referenced by a variable of the type of the upper bound (or Object). In the other direc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the case of two enemies sharing a friend, the shared friend is likely to choose one over the other and turn one of his or her friendships into an enemy. Antal, Krapivsky and Reder consider social dynamics as the change in sign on an edge of a signed graph. The social relations with previous friends of a divorcing co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
: "addictive * of biblioscopy".) To emulate unordered search of the NEAR operator can be done using a combination of ordered searches. For example, to specify a close co-occurrence of "house" and "dog", the following search-expression could be specified: "house dog" OR "dog house" OR "house * dog" OR "dog * house" OR "... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematical optimization, the network simplex algorithm is a graph theoretic specialization of the simplex algorithm. The algorithm is usually formulated in terms of a minimum-cost flow problem. The network simplex method works very well in practice, typically 200 to 300 times faster than the simplex method applied... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Recursion though may be achieved by obtaining the same function passed in as an argument, and then using that argument to make the recursive call, instead of using the function's own name, as is done in languages which do support recursion natively. The Y combinator demonstrates this style of programming. An example im... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The values ISO 639-3, clergyman, clergymen are plain character strings. The value eng is taken from the list of languages as defined by ISO 639-3. With some additional information like dtdVersion and feat, the same data can be expressed by the following XML fragment: This example is rather simple, while LMF can represe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In most cases the same mechanisms must be applied as in the positioning of an image or text content. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
These occur when microorganisms only come into contact with disinfectants but are not killed by them. When ascertaining the cleanability of a surface with regard to particles, the analysis can be carried out in correlation with the surface cleanliness classes described in VDI 2083 Part 9.1. Surface roughness can be mea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The request is forwarded to (performed on) all objects downwards the tree structure. The NonTerminalExpression objects (ntExpr1,ntExpr2) forward the request to their child expressions. The TerminalExpression objects (tExpr1,tExpr2,…) perform the interpretation directly. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
For example, time may be required to obtain approval of the transaction by government agencies, shareholders, labor unions, lenders, or others. Until the transaction is completed, the companies involved go on about their business and are subject to risks. Contract terms that deal with material adverse changes are caref... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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