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Kopp's law can refer to either of two relationships discovered by the German chemist Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp (1817–1892). The Kopp–Neumann law, named for Kopp and Franz Ernst Neumann, states that the specific heat "C" per unit mass (in J·kg·K) for alloys can be calculated from the following equation: where "N" is the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7414275 |
Istakhri Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Farisi al-() (also "Estakhri", , i.e. from the Iranian city of Istakhr, b. - d. 957 AD [346AH]) was a 10th-century travel-author and geographer who wrote valuable accounts in Arabic of the many Muslim territories he visited during the Abbasid era of the Islamic Golden Age. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7415674 |
Istakhri Mordtmann published a translation in Hamburg with the title "Das Buch der Länder von Schech Ebu Ishak el Farsi el Isztachri", with a foreword by C. Ritter. (Schriften der Akademie von Ham Bd. 1, Abth. 2). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7415674 |
Serrurier truss A is used in telescope tube assembly construction. The design was created in 1935 by engineer Mark U. Serrurier when he was working on the Mount Palomar Hale telescope. The design solves the problem of truss flexing by supporting the primary objective mirror and the secondary mirror by two sets of oppos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7423236 |
MARIACHI MARIACHI, the Mixed Apparatus for Radar Investigation of Cosmic-rays of High Ionization, is an apparatus for the detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) via bi-static radar interferometry using VHF transmitters. is also the name of the research project created and directed by Brookhaven National Lab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7425653 |
MARIACHI The main researcher behind is Helio Takai (Brookhaven National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, as of 2019 Pratt Institute). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7425653 |
Molecular biophysics is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary area of research that combines concepts in physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and biology. It seeks to understand biomolecular systems and explain biological function in terms of molecular structure, structural organization, and dynamic behaviour at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7430578 |
Molecular biophysics Fluorescent imaging techniques, as well as electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small-angle scattering (SAS) both with X-rays and neutrons (SAXS/SANS) are often used to visualize structures of biological significance. Protein dynamics can b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7430578 |
Molecular biophysics The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in biology, applied mathematics, statistics, biochemistry, chemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, genetics, genomics, computer science and evolution. Computational biology has become an important part of developing emerging technologies for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7430578 |
Molecular biophysics A good example is the muscle protein myosin which "motors" the contraction of muscle fibers in animals. Motor proteins are the driving force behind most active transport of proteins and vesicles in the cytoplasm. Kinesins and cytoplasmic dyneins play essential roles in intracellular transport such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7430578 |
Molecular biophysics Still other machines are responsible for gene expression, including DNA polymerases for replicating DNA, RNA polymerases for producing mRNA, the spliceosome for removing introns, and the ribosome for synthesising proteins. These machines and their nanoscale dynamics are far more complex than any mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7430578 |
Molecular biophysics Molecular nanotechnology is a speculative subfield of nanotechnology regarding the possibility of engineering molecular assemblers, biological machines which could re-order matter at a molecular or atomic scale. Nanomedicine would make use of these nanorobots, introduced into the body, to repair or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7430578 |
Molecular biophysics Amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, the folded protein (the right hand side of the figure), known as the native state. The resulting three-dimensional structure is determined by the amino acid sequence or primary structure (Anfinsen's dogma). ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7430578 |
Tui Regio (located at 20°S, 130°W) is a region on Titan, the Saturnian moon, in the southwest corner of Xanadu, named after Tui, a Chinese goddess of happiness, joy and water. Tui appears to lack the erosion channels that mark other highland regions on Titan, suggesting it may be geologically young. Patterns resembling... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7433709 |
Pentamer A pentamer is an entity composed of five sub-units. In chemistry, it applies to molecules made of five monomers. In biochemistry, it applies to macromolecules, in particular to pentameric proteins, made of five proteic sub-units. In microbiology, a pentamer is one of the proteins composing the polyhedral prote... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7441542 |
Oregonite Oregonite, NiFeAs is a nickel iron arsenide mineral first described from Josephine Creek, Oregon, United States. crystallises in the hexagonal crystal system and has a Mohs hardness of 5. is known, apart from its type locality, from the Chirnaisky Massif, Russia, associated with hydrothermal nickel minerals (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7448041 |
Enrico Clementi (born November 19, 1931 in Cembra, Italy) is an Italian chemist, a pioneer in computational techniques for quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics. Dr. Clementi received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from University of Pavia, where he was Collegio Cairoli student, in 1954 and joined IBM Research in 1961. At I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7452269 |
Dao Vallis is a valley on Mars that appears to have been carved by water. It runs southwestward into Hellas Planitia from the southern slopes of the volcano Hadriacus Mons, and has been identified as an outflow channel. It and its tributary, Niger Vallis, extend for about . It is named after the Thai word for star, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7452707 |
Ricardo Cirera Salse (Os de Balaguer, 1864-Barcelona, August 1932) was a geomagnetist who conducted the first geomagnetic survey of the Philippines and who founded the El Ebro Observatory in Roquetes (1904), Catalonia, Spain. He was also involved in the founding of the scientific journal Ibérica. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7455322 |
Suspensor Suspensors are anatomical structures found in certain fungi and plants. In fungi, suspensors are filamentous structural formations having the function of holding a zygospore between two strains of hyphae. In plants, suspensors are found in zygotes in angiosperms, connecting the endosperm to an embryo. Usually... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7459884 |
Microgametogenesis is the process in plant reproduction where a microgametophyte develops in a pollen grain to the three-celled stage of its development. In flowering plants it occurs with a microspore mother cell inside the anther of the plant. When the microgametophyte is first formed inside the pollen grain four set... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7462048 |
Gustav Mann (1836–1916) was a German botanist who led expeditions in West Africa and was also a gardener at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Born in Hanover in 1836, he was chosen by William Jackson Hooker, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, to take part in William Balfour Baikie's expedition to West Africa. Wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7474706 |
Nils Christian Stenseth (born 29 July 1949 in Fredrikstad, Norway) is a Norwegian biologist with a focus on ecology and evolution. He is the director of the Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) at the University of Oslo. He is also the Chief Scientist at the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7475253 |
Nils Christian Stenseth He is also a visiting scholar for the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, the French Academy of Sciences and the Academia Europaea. He holds an honorary degree at the University of Antwerp. In 2019 he was awarded the ECI Prize of the Inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7475253 |
Good Clinical Practice Directive The (Directive 2005/28/EC of 8 April 2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council) lays down principles and detailed guidelines for good clinical practice as regards conducting clinical trials of medicinal products for human use, as well as the requirements for authorisation of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7482808 |
John Veron (born 1945), complete name John Edward Norwood Veron, credited in research as J. E. N. Veron, and in other writing as Charlie Veron, is a naturalist, taxonomist and specialist in the study of corals and reefs. He is believed to have discovered more than twenty percent of the world's coral species. John Edwar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7485375 |
John Veron He founded the Orpheus Island Marine Station. He discovered and delineated the Coral Triangle. He introduced the concept of reticulate evolution to the marine world. He has many professional awards including: Veron has written many books and monographs about corals and coral reefs, including: Since 2008 he t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7485375 |
GSHHG (Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Geography Database; formerly "Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Shoreline Database" ("GSHHS")) is a high-resolution shoreline data set amalgamated from two data bases (the CIA world database WDBII, and the World Vector Shoreline database) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7487953 |
Zetatron A is a high-voltage vacuum tube device that generates a stream of neutrons. The stream can be continuous, or rapidly pulsed on and off. It was invented by Sandia National Laboratories, and is manufactured and marketed by the Thermo Electron Corporation. Applications include research, explosives detection, well... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7494165 |
Rheoscope A rheoscope is an instrument for detecting or measuring the viscosity of a fluid. In the study of blood flow, a rheoscope is used to observe and measure the deformation of blood cells subject to different levels of fluid shear stress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7497490 |
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations The (EFPIA) is a Brussels-based trade association founded in 1978 representing the research-based pharmaceutical industry operating in Europe. Through its membership of 33 national associations and 40 leading pharmaceutical companies, EFPIA represents 1,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7499232 |
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations EFPIA also includes two specialised groups focusing on vaccines and biotechnology respectively: The industry's efforts are focused around four key areas - the AIMS - Roadmap of priorities Access, Innovation, Mobilization, Security programme. In 2010 the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7499232 |
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations In 2007 North America accounted for 45.9% of world pharmaceutical sales against 31.1% for Europe. According to IMS Health data, 66% of sales of new medicines launched during the period 2004-2008 were generated on the US market, compared with 26% on the E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7499232 |
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations It identifies the principal research bottlenecks in the biopharmaceutical R&D process and sets forth recommendations to overcome these bottlenecks by focusing on four areas: IMI will make Europe more attractive for biopharmaceutical R&D investments and b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7499232 |
Somnath Bharadwaj (born 28 October 1964) is an Indian theoretical physicist who works on Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology. Bharadwaj was born in India, studied at the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, and later received his PhD from the Indian Institute of Science. After having worked at the Harish-Cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7503662 |
Peplomer A peplomer is a glycoprotein spike on a viral capsid or viral envelope. These protrusions bind only to certain receptors on the host cell. They are essential for both host specificity and viral infectivity. The tail fibers of some bacteriophages, especially the T4-like phages, are modified peplomers. Influenza... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7514440 |
Near-equatorial orbit A near-equatorial orbit is an orbit that lies close to the equatorial plane of the object orbited. Such an orbit has an inclination near 0°. On Earth, such orbits lie on the celestial equator, the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth. A geostatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7520339 |
Near-equatorial orbit The maneuver to reach the 5° inclination of the Moon's orbit from the 28° N latitude of Cape Canaveral was originally estimated to reduce the payload capacity of the Apollo Program's Saturn V rocket by as much as 80%. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7520339 |
Cumulonimbus flammagenitus The cumulonimbus flammagenitus cloud (CbFg), also known as the pyrocumulonimbus cloud, is a type of cumulonimbus cloud that forms above a source of heat, such as a wildfire or volcanic eruption, and may sometimes even extinguish the fire that formed it. It is the most extreme manifestation of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7527341 |
Cumulonimbus flammagenitus In 2002, various sensing instruments detected 17 distinct CbFg in North America alone. Alternate spellings and abbreviations for cumulonimbus flammagenitus that may be found in the literature include Cb-Fg, pyrocumulonimbus, pyro-cumulonimbus, pyroCb, pyro-Cb, pyrocb, and volcanic cb, having ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7527341 |
Cumulonimbus flammagenitus Volcanic eruption plumes are not generally treated as CbFg, although they are convectively driven to a large extent and for weaker eruptions may be significantly enhanced in height in convectively unstable environments. However, for some months after the climactic eruption of Mt Pinatubo in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7527341 |
Cumulonimbus flammagenitus On 7 February 2009, the Black Saturday bushfires killed 173 persons, destroyed over 2000 homes, burnt more than 450,000 ha, and resulted in losses of over four billion Australian dollars in Victoria, Australia. Multiple fire plumes produced a number of distinct CbFg, some of which reached hei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7527341 |
Cell notation or line notation in chemistry is a shorthand way of expressing a certain reaction in an electrochemical cell. The cell anode and cathode (half-cells) are separated by two bars or slashes representing a salt bridge, with the anode on the left and cathode on the right. Individual solid, liquid or aqueous ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7528864 |
Sergey Ognev Sergey Ivanovich Ognev () (17 November 1886 in Moscow – 20 December 1951 in Moscow) was a Russian scientist, zoologist and naturalist, remembered for his work on mammalogy. He graduated from Moscow University in 1910, the same year in which he published his first monograph. In 1928, he became a professor a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7565093 |
Zénobe Gramme Zénobe Théophile Gramme (4 April 1826 – 20 January 1901) was a Belgian electrical engineer. He was born at Jehay-Bodegnée on 4 April 1826, the sixth child of Mathieu-Joseph Gramme, and died at Bois-Colombes on 20 January 1901. He invented the Gramme machine, a type of direct current dynamo capable of gene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7576622 |
Zénobe Gramme Before Gramme's inventions, electric motors attained only low power and were mainly used as toys or laboratory curiosities. In 1875, Nikola Tesla observed a Gramme machine at the Graz University of Technology. He conceived the idea of using it for alternating current but was unable to develop the idea at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7576622 |
Basal sliding is the act of a glacier sliding over the bed due to meltwater under the ice acting as a lubricant. This movement very much depends on the temperature of the area, the slope of the glacier, the bed roughness, the amount of meltwater from the glacier, and the glacier's size. The movement that happens to the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7580913 |
Basal sliding The traction caused by this sediment can halt a steadily moving glacier if it interferes with the underlying sediment or water that was helping to carry it. The Great Lakes were created due to basal movement. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7580913 |
Chiral shift reagent A chiral shift reagent is a reagent used in analytical chemistry for determining the optical purity of a sample. Some analytical techniques such as HPLC and NMR, in their most commons forms, cannot distinguish enantiomers within a sample, but can distinguish diastereomers. Therefore, converting a m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7587223 |
Abdul Karim (soil scientist) Abdul Karim ( 1922 – December 22, 1973) was a widely published Bangladeshi soil scientist. Karim passed the matriculation examination in 1939 from Homna High School and Higher Secondary School Certificate examination in 1942 from Dhaka College. He obtained BS and MS degrees in Chemistry fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7592582 |
Natural transfer The natural transfer (hypothesis or theory), in reference to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, states that humans first received HIV by contact with primates, presumably from a fight with a Chimpanzee during hunting or consumption of primate meat, and became contaminated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7598228 |
Hawera Observatory is situated in King Edward Park, Hāwera, New Zealand, and is administered and maintained by the Hawera Astronomical Society, which meets at the observatory on the second Wednesday of the month from February to December. Also, by arrangement, open nights (weather permitting) are held for local groups ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7606221 |
Sapas Mons is a large volcano located in the Atla Regio region of Venus. Sapas is named after the Canaanite sun goddess. It measures about across and high. Its flanks show numerous overlapping lava flows. The dark flows on the lower right of the radar image are thought to be smoother than the brighter ones near the cen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7619919 |
Western Ethiopian Shield The is a small geological shield along the western border of Ethiopia. Its plutons were formed between 830 and 540 million years ago. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7624036 |
Indian Shield The is part of the Indian Craton and occupies two-thirds of the southern Indian peninsula. The shield has remained relatively stable since its formation, over 3500 million years ago. It is delimited on the west, south and east by the present day coastline and Phanerozoic sediment cover. On the north, it i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7624069 |
Platform (geology) In geology, a platform is a continental area covered by relatively flat or gently tilted, mainly sedimentary strata, which overlie a basement of consolidated igneous or metamorphic rocks of an earlier deformation. Platforms, shields and the basement rocks together constitute cratons. Platform sedimen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7624870 |
TAP Pharmaceuticals was formed in 1977 as a joint venture between the two global pharmaceutical companies, Abbott Laboratories and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. and was dissolved in 2008; its two most successful products were proton-pump inhibitor lansoprazole (Prevacid) and the prostate cancer drug, leuprorelin (Lupron). ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7625133 |
TAP Pharmaceuticals In 2000, TAP's withdrew its new drug application for apomorphine (branded as "Uprima") as a treatment for erectile dysfunction after an FDA review panel raised questions about the drug's safety, due to many clinical trial subjects fainting after taking the drug. In 2001, the US Department of Justice... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7625133 |
TAP Pharmaceuticals Abbott and Takeda agreed to end the partnership in 2008, with Abbott keeping the rights to leuprorelin, which had sales in 2007 of $600 million and a patent expiring in 2015 and the approximately 300 employees who worked on the product, and Takeda keeping the rights to lansoprazole, which had sales ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7625133 |
Ronald Gillespie Ronald James Gillespie, (born August 21, 1924, in London) is a chemistry professor at McMaster University specializing in the field of molecular geometry. In 2007 he was awarded the Order of Canada. He was educated at the University of London obtaining a B.Sc. in 1945, a Ph.D. in 1949 and a D.Sc. in 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7625463 |
Ronald Gillespie Calculating the covalent radius for fluorine is more difficult because of its high electronegativity compared to its small atomic radius size. Gillespie's work on the bond length of fluorine focuses on theoretically determining the covalent radius of fluorine by examining its covalent radius when it is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7625463 |
Atomic ratio The atomic ratio is a measure of the ratio of atoms of one kind (i) to another kind (j). A closely related concept is the atomic percent (or at.%), which gives the percentage of one kind of atom relative to the total number of atoms. The molecular equivalents of these concepts are the molar fraction, or mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7626743 |
Spin diffusion describes a situation wherein the individual nuclear spins undergo continuous exchange of energy. This permits polarization differences within the sample to be reduced on a timescale much shorter than relaxation effects. is a process by which magnetization can be exchanged spontaneously between spins. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7628518 |
Non-exact solutions in general relativity are solutions of Albert Einstein's field equations of general relativity which hold only approximately. These solutions are typically found by treating the gravitational field, formula_1, as a background space-time, formula_2, (which is usually an exact solution) plus some smal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7637545 |
Pancake dome A pancake dome, also known as a lava dome, is an unusual type of volcano found on the planet Venus. They are widely scattered on that planet and often form groups or clusters, though with smaller numbers of pancake domes in each group than is typical for the more common shield volcanos. They are commonly f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7641495 |
Calculated Ignition Index The (CII) is an index of the ignition quality of residual fuel oil. The running of all internal combustion engines is dependent on the ignition quality of the fuel. For spark-ignition engines the fuel has an octane rating. For diesel engines it depends on the type of fuel, for distillate fuels... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7656652 |
Analog models of gravity are attempts to model various phenomena of general relativity (e.g., black holes or cosmological geometries) using other physical systems such as acoustics in a moving fluid, superfluid helium, or Bose–Einstein condensate; gravity waves in water; and propagation of electromagnetic waves in a di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7670122 |
Isidis Planitia is a plain located inside a giant impact basin on Mars, centered at ; is partly in the Syrtis Major quadrangle and partly in the Amenthes quadrangle. It is the third biggest obvious impact structure on the planet after the Hellas and Argyre basins – it is about in diameter. Isidis was likely the last ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7670555 |
Isidis Planitia The Beagle 2 lander was about to land in the eastern part of in December 2003, when contact with the craft was lost. In January 2015, NASA reported the Beagle 2 had been found on the surface in (location is about ). High-resolution images captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter identified the lost p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7670555 |
Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic The Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic, or ERICA, is a scientific field project that started in the winter of 1988/1989. Its aims were to better understand the processes involved in rapid cyclogenesis, and so improve understanding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7680741 |
Propantes is a pothole on the mountain of Parnon within the borders of the Paliochori community of the Municipality of Leonidio in Greece. The entrance is about three by seven metres wide. The entrance shaft drops to -289m without the need for a re-belay, making it the deepest daylight shaft in mainland Greece. The sha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7693501 |
S4 Index The formula_1 Index is a standard index used to measure ionospheric disturbances. It is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of signal intensity to the average signal intensity. This parameter is displayed in real time by many institutions: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7694775 |
Jakob Sederholm Jakob Johannes Sederholm (20 July 1863 – 26 June 1934) was a Finnish petrologist most associated with his studies of migmatites. Troubled by illness throughout his life, Sederholm originally chose to study geology to allow him to work outdoors. After studying first in Helsinki (where he was a student of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7709768 |
Jakob Sederholm In the 1974 historical novel "Centennial", James Michener listed Sederholm among those scientists who made early estimates of the age of the Earth. Sederholm's estimate was 40 million years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7709768 |
Diffuse element method In numerical analysis the diffuse element method (DEM) or simply diffuse approximation is a meshfree method. The diffuse element method was developed by B. Nayroles, G. Touzot and Pierre Villon at the Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, in 1992. It is in concept rather similar to the much old... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7714496 |
Reproducing kernel particle method In applied mathematics, the reproducing kernel particle method is a meshfree computational method introduced in Liu et al. as an improvement of smoothed-particle hydrodynamics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7714627 |
Walter Lawry Waterhouse MC (31 August 1887 – 9 December 1969) was an Australian agricultural scientist, a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and Clarke Medallist. Walter Waterhouse was born in West Maitland, New South Wales, the son of educator John Waterhouse and the grandson of Wesleyan minister Jabez Waterh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7722823 |
Biseriate is a botanical term applied to both plantae and fungi, meaning 'arranged in two rows'. The term can refer to any number of structures found within these kingdoms, from arrangement of leaves to the placement of spores. It becomes useful in taxonomy for placing a species within a certain genus, family, or even ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7723926 |
Henry S. Valk (born 1929) is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Valk attended George Washington University where he received his B.S. in physics in 1953 and M.S. in mathematics in 1954. He then earned his Ph.D. at Washington University in St. Louis in 1957. Before joining the faculty ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7731580 |
Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes. It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics The epigenomics era largely began more recently, about 2000. One major source of epigenetic change is altered methylation of CpG islands at the promoter region of genes (see DNA methylation in cancer). A number of recently devised methods can assess the DNA methylation status in cancers versus normal tissu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics The other four had no previous association with cancer pathogenesis. They did have potential functions in metabolic pathways that suggested mechanisms by which they could act to promote cancer (KNDC1, GPR124, EB12, GRINC1B) These genes are involved in pathways known to contribute to cancer pathogenesis, bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics In 2014 the Center for Molecular Oncology rolled out the MSK-IMPACT test, a screening tool that looks for mutations in 341 cancer-associated genes. By 2015 more than five thousand patients had been screened. Patients with appropriate mutations are eligible to enroll in clinical trials that provide targeted... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics This research involves studying cancer genomes, transcriptomes and proteomes in model organisms such as mice, identifying potential oncogenes and referring back to human cancer samples to see whether homologues of these oncogenes are important in causing human cancers. Genetic alterations in mouse models a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics Such repression may involve DNA methylation of promoter regions or repression of DDR genes by a microRNA. Epigenetic repression of DDR genes occurs more frequently than gene mutation in many types of cancer (see Cancer epigenetics). Thus, epigenetic repression often plays a more important role than mutatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics Several computational methods have been proposed for solving this decomposition problem. The first implementation of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method is available in Sanger Institute Mutational Signature Framework in the form of a MATLAB package. On the other hand, if mutations from a single ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics Thus, the identification of collaterally deleted redundant genes carrying out an essential cellular function may be the untapped reservoir for then pursuing a synthetic lethality approach. Collateral lethality therefore holds great potential in identification of novel and selective therapeutic targets in o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics Subsequent work by the same team showed that the same approach could be applied to pancreatic cancer, whereby homozygously deleted SMAD4 results in the collateral deletion of mitochondrial malic enzyme 2 (ME2), an oxidative decarboxylase essential for redox homeostasis. Dey et al. show that ME2 genomic del... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics A major type of synthetic lethality operates on the DNA repair defect that often initiates a cancer, and is still present in the tumor cells. Some examples are given here. BRCA1 or BRCA2 expression is deficient in a majority of high-grade breast and ovarian cancers, usually due to epigenetic methylation of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics In tumors, such frequent subsequent mutations often generate “non-self” immunogenic antigens. A human Phase II clinical trial, with 41 patients, evaluated one synthetic lethal approach for tumors with or without MMR defects. The product of gene "PD-1" ordinarily represses cytotoxic immune responses. Inhibi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics If the knockout of an otherwise nonessential gene has little or no effect on healthy cells, but is lethal to cancerous cells containing a mutated oncogene, then the system-wide suppression of the suppressed gene can destroy cancerous cells while leaving healthy ones relatively undamaged. The technique was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics All releases of IntOGen data are made available at the IntOGen database. The International Cancer Genome Consortium is the biggest project to collect human cancer genome data. The data is accessible through the ICGC website. The BioExpress® Oncology Suite contains gene expression data from primary, metasta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics BRAF encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in the RAS-RAF-MAPK growth signaling pathway. Mutations in BRAF cause constitutive phosphorylation and activity in 59% of melanomas. Before BRAF, the genetic mechanism of melanoma development was unknown and therefore prognosis for patients was poor. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics An exception is a relatively large deletion that appears in many cancers (known as the "common deletion"), but more mtDNA large scale deletions have been found in normal cells compared to tumor cells. This may be due to a seemingly adaptive process of tumor cells to eliminate any mitochondria that contain ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Oncogenomics The role of mtDNA content in human cancers apparently varies for particular tumor types or sites. 57.7% (500/867) contained somatic point putations and of the 1172 mutations surveyed 37.8% (443/1127) were located in the D-loop control region, 13.1% (154/1172) were located in the tRNA or rRNA genes and 49.1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653 |
Chemical technologist Chemical technologists and technicians (abbr. chem techs) are workers who provide technical support or services in chemical-related fields. They may work under direct supervision or may work independently, depending on their specific position and duties. Their work environments differ widely and i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7746249 |
Chemical technologist Chemical or biochemical technicians often work in clinical (medical) laboratories conducting routine analyses of medical samples such as blood and urine. Industries which employ chem techs include chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Companies within these industries can be conc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7746249 |
Theodore Thomson Flynn (11 October 1883 - 23 October 1968) was an Australian marine biologist and a professor in both Tasmania and the United Kingdom. Flynn was born in Coraki, New South Wales, Australia, the son of Jessie B. (née Thomson) and John Flynn. He became a biology lecturer at the University of Tasmania in 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7776573 |
Synopses of the British Fauna is a series of identification guides, published by The Linnean Society and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association. Each volume in the series provides and in-depth analysis of a group of animals and is designed to bridge the gap between the standard field guide and more specialised ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7777698 |
Synopses of the British Fauna Many of the volumes have been updated and reprinted under slightly different names to reflect either taxonomic changes or advances in the understanding of a group. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7777698 |
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