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NGC 5068 is a face-on field barred spiral galaxy in the Virgo constellation. is located approximately 22 million light-years away and has a diameter that exceeds 45000 light-years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8073352 |
NGC 5624 is a spiral galaxy in the Hydra constellation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8073511 |
Elso Sterrenberg Barghoorn (June 15, 1915 – January 22, 1984) was an American paleobotanist, called by his student Andrew Knoll, the present Fisher Professor of Natural History at Harvard, "the father of Pre-Cambrian palaeontology." Barghoorn is best known for discovering in South African rocks fossil evidence of life ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8076881 |
Reaction step A reaction step of a chemical reaction is defined as: ""An elementary reaction, constituting one of the stages of a stepwise reaction in which a reaction intermediate (or, for the first step, the reactants) is converted into the next reaction intermediate (or, for the last step, the products) in the seque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8078684 |
Gemmatimonadetes The are a phylum of bacteria created for the type species "Gemmatimonas aurantiaca". This bacterium makes up about 2% of soil bacterial communities and has been identified as one of the top nine phyla found in soils; yet, there are currently only six cultured isolates. have been found in a variety of a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8080850 |
Effective radius The effective radius or half-light radius (formula_1) of a galaxy is the radius at which half of the total light of the system is emitted. This assumes the galaxy has either intrinsic spherical symmetry or is at least circularly symmetric as viewed in the plane of the sky. Alternatively, a half-light c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8082019 |
Nonlinear X-wave In physics, a nonlinear X-wave (NLX) is a multi-dimensional wave that can travel without distortion. At variance with X-waves, a nonlinear X-wave does exist in the presence of nonlinearity, and in many cases it self-generates from a Gaussian (in any direction) wave packet. The distinctive feature of an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8082812 |
Adriano de Paiva (1847–1907) was a Portuguese scientist who was one of the pioneers of telectroscope. He worked at the Politechnical Academy of Porto and conducted research into selenium as a material to transmit images. His work followed the discovery of photoconductivity in selenium by Willoughby Smith in 1873. In th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8087137 |
Stephen Demainbray Stephen Charles Triboudet Demainbray (1710 – 20 February 1782) was an English natural scientist and astronomer, who was Superintendent (or King's Astronomer) at the King's Observatory in Richmond, Surrey (now in London) from 1768 to 1782. Demainbray was born in the parish of St Martins, London in 171... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8088110 |
Stephen Demainbray In 1768, he was appointed Superintendent of the King's Observatory (or King's Astronomer) in Richmond, which King George III had commissioned from Sir William Chambers. He arranged for George III to see the Transit of Venus on 3 June 1769. He held that appointment until his death on 20 February 1782.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8088110 |
Residual chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA) is the difference between the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of aligned and non-aligned molecules. It is normally three orders of magnitude smaller than the static CSA, with values on the order of parts-per-billion (ppb). RCSA is useful for structural determination and it is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8088302 |
Cloudscape photography is photography of clouds or sky. An early cloudscape photographer, Belgian photographer Léonard Misonne (1870–1943), was noted for his black and white photographs of heavy skies and dark clouds. In the early to middle 20th century, American photographer Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946) created a seri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8089026 |
Excitation temperature The excitation temperature (formula_1) is defined for a population of particles via the Boltzmann factor. It satisfies where "n" and "n" represent the number of particles in an upper ("e.g." excited) and lower ("e.g." ground) state, and "g" and "g" their statistical weights respectively. Thus the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8092026 |
Acoustic contrast factor The acoustic contrast factor is a number used to describe the relationship between the densities and the sound velocities (or, equivalently because of the form of the expression, the densities and compressibilities) of two media. It is most often used in the context of biomedical ultrasonic ima... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8099272 |
Genkei Masamune Genkei Masamune | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8109635 |
Newton–Wigner localization (named after Theodore Duddell Newton and Eugene Wigner) is a scheme for obtaining a position operator for massive relativistic quantum particles. It is known to largely conflict with the Reeh-Schlieder theorem outside of a very limited scope. The Newton–Wigner position operators , , , are the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8117002 |
Unitarity gauge In theoretical physics, the unitarity gauge or unitary gauge is a particular choice of a gauge fixing in a gauge theory with a spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this gauge, the scalar fields responsible for the Higgs mechanism are transformed into a basis in which their Goldstone boson components are se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8120688 |
Konishi anomaly In theoretical physics, the is the violation of the conservation of the Noether current associated with certain transformations in theories with N=1 supersymmetry. More precisely, this transformation changes the phase of a chiral superfield. It shouldn't be confused with the R-symmetry that also depends... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8120897 |
R-symmetry In theoretical physics, the is the symmetry transforming different supercharges in a theory with supersymmetry into each other. In the simplest case of the "N"=1 supersymmetry, such an is isomorphic to a global U(1) group or its discrete subgroup (for the Z subgroup it is called R-parity). For extended super... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8120935 |
Wess–Zumino gauge In particle physics, the is a particular choice of a gauge transformation in a gauge theory with supersymmetry. In this gauge, the supersymmetrized gauge transformation is chosen in such a way that most components of the vector superfield vanish, except for the usual physical ones, when the function o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8121089 |
El Capitan (Mars) El Capitan is a layered rock outcrop found within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, this geological outcrop was first discovered and observed by the Mars Exploration Rover "Opportunity" in February 2004. The rock outcrop was named for El Capitan, a topographical moun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8132949 |
Last Chance (Mars) Last Chance is a layered rock outcrop found within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover "Opportunity" in March 2004. The rock lies within the outcrop near the rover's landing site at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Images returned show ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8133165 |
Exfoliation (botany) Exfoliation (from the term "foliate", meaning “related to leaves”) means the removal or loss of leaves from a plant. It is used both to describe the loss of a leaves as a natural part of a plant's life cycle (such as in the case of deciduous trees which lose their leaves in the autumn) or because o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8136768 |
I-CreI I-"Cre"I is a homing endonuclease whose gene was first discovered in the chloroplast genome of "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii", a species of unicellular green algae. It is named for the facts that: it resides in an Intron; it was isolated from "Clamydomonas reinhardtii"; it was the first (I) such gene isolated from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8142925 |
I-CreI As RNA, it forms part of the large subunit of the ribosome. An open reading frame coding for a 163-amino acid protein was found in this 23S intron, suggesting that a protein might facilitate the homing behavior of the mobile intron. Furthermore, the predicted protein had a LAGLIDADG motif, a conserved amino acid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8142925 |
I-CreI Because I-"Cre"I has evolved to cut such a long sequence of DNA, unlike restriction endonucleases that typically cut four- or six-nucleotide sequences, it is capable of cutting a single site within a very large genome. A four- or six-nucleotide sequence is expected to occur many, many times in a genome of millio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8142925 |
I-CreI In 1997, the structure of the protein was determined, and in 1998, its crystal structure bound to its native DNA homing site was solved, greatly aiding research in altering the homing site recognition of the protein. Mutant forms of the protein have since been created that exhibit altered homing site specificity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8142925 |
Zdeněk Veselovský Prof. (August 26, 1928 – November 24, 2006) was one of the most important Czech zoologists of the 20th century, founder of Czech ethology, very successful director of the Prague Zoo (1959-1988) and the president of the International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens (1971-1975) (renamed in 2000... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8142938 |
Allen Lowrie (born 1948) is a West Australian botanist. He is recognised for his expertise on the genera "Drosera" and "Stylidium". Lowrie, originally a businessman and inventor, first experienced the carnivorous flora of western Australia in the late sixties and studied it as an amateur. Over time, his hobby turned in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8146294 |
Fixation (histology) In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction. It terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions and may also increase the treated tissues' mechanical strength or stability. Tissue fixation is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Fixation (histology) First, a fixative usually acts to disable intrinsic biomolecules—particularly proteolytic enzymes—which otherwise digest or damage the sample. Second, a fixative typically protects a sample from extrinsic damage. Fixatives are toxic to most common microorganisms (bacteria in particular) that might ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Fixation (histology) Researchers who know what types of artifacts to expect with each tissue type and processing technique can accurately interpret sections with artifacts, or choose techniques that minimize artifacts in areas of interest. Fixation is usually the first stage in a multistep process to prepare a sample o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Fixation (histology) Heat fixation generally preserves overall morphology but not internal structures. Heat denatures the proteolytic enzyme and prevents autolysis. Heat fixation cannot be used in the capsular stain method as heat fixation will shrink or destroy the capsule (glycocalyx) and cannot be seen in stains. Im... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Fixation (histology) Preservation of transient or fine cytoskeletal structure such as contractions during embryonic differentiation waves is best achieved by a pretreatment using microwaves before the addition of a cross linking fixative. The most commonly used fixative in histology is formaldehyde. It is usually used ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Fixation (histology) One of the advantages of glutaraldehyde fixation is that it may offer a more rigid or tightly linked fixed product—its greater length and two aldehyde groups allow it to 'bridge' and link more distant pairs of protein molecules. It causes rapid and irreversible changes, is well suited for electron ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Fixation (histology) Acetic acid is a denaturant that is sometimes used in combination with the other precipitating fixatives, such as Davidson's AFA. The alcohols, by themselves, are known to cause considerable shrinkage and hardening of tissue during fixation while acetic acid alone is associated with tissue swelling... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Fixation (histology) It is a good fixative for connective tissue, preserves glycogen well, and extracts lipids to give superior results to formaldehyde in immunostaining of biogenic and polypeptide hormones However, it causes a loss of basophils unless the specimen is thoroughly washed following fixation. Hepes-glutami... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Fixation (histology) So if we have a three-dimensional tissue block, it is the shortest dimension that determines fixation time. Fixation is a chemical process, and time must be allowed for the process to complete. Although "over fixation" can be detrimental, under-fixation has recently been appreciated as a significan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8156507 |
Mother liquor A mother liquor is the part of a solution that is left over after crystallization. It is encountered in chemical processes including sugar refining.It is the liquid obtained by filtering the crystals by filtration. In crystallization, a solid (usually impure) is dissolved in a solvent at high temperature,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8163362 |
Natural History Review The was a short-lived, quarterly journal devoted to natural history. It was published in Dublin and London between 1854 and 1865. The "Natural History Review" included the transactions of the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, Cork Cuvierian Society, Dublin Natural History Society... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8177105 |
Giacinto Cestoni Diacinto (or Giacinto) Cestoni (May 13, 1637 – January 29, 1718) was an Italian naturalist. Born in Montegiorgio, he was self-taught. He lived and worked at Livorno where he led a pharmacy shop next to the port. He studied fleas and algae, and showed that scabies is provoked by "Sarcoptes scabiei". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8178922 |
Blue Norther (weather) A Blue Norther, also known as a Texas Norther, is a fast moving cold front marked by a rapid drop in temperature, strong winds, and dark blue or "black" skies. The cold front originates from the north, hence the "norther", and can send temperatures plummeting by 20 or 30 degrees in merely minutes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8195160 |
Blue Norther (weather) They are usually recorded between the months of November and March, although they have been recorded less frequently in October and April as well. The Blue Norther phenomenon is especially common in November, when the last vestiges of autumn are still clinging to life. One of the most famous Blue... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8195160 |
Luke Chia-Liu Yuan (; April 5, 1912 – February 11, 2003) was a Chinese-American physicist and grandson of Yuan Shikai, the first president of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1916. Born in Anyang, Henan, Yuan attended Yenching University in Beijing, the University of California at Berkeley, and the California Institu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8197474 |
Marine chemist A marine chemist is an environmental, occupational safety and health professional who is a trained professional who is responsible for ensuring that repair and construction of marine vessels can be made in safety whenever those repairs might result in fire, explosion, or exposure toxic vapors or chemical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8202165 |
Mason equation The is an approximate analytical expression for the growth (due to condensation) or evaporation of a water droplet—it is due to the meteorologist B. J. Mason. The expression is found by recognising that mass diffusion towards the water drop in a supersaturated environment transports energy as latent heat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8202435 |
Ramification (botany) In botany, ramification is the divergence of the stem and limbs of a plant into smaller ones, i.e. trunk into branches, branches into increasingly smaller branches, etc. Gardeners stimulate the process of ramification through pruning, thereby making trees, shrubs and other plants bushier and dense... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8208376 |
Weissenberg effect The is a phenomenon that occurs when a spinning rod is inserted into a solution of elastic liquid. Instead of being thrown outward, the solution is drawn towards the rod and rises up around it. This is a direct consequence of the normal stress that acts like a hoop stress around the rod. The effect i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8209052 |
Resorption is the absorption into the circulatory system of cells or tissue, usually by osteoclasts. Types of resorption include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8210612 |
Gaussian broadening refers to broadening effects in spectral lines, these can be produced by Doppler broadening. This effect is similar to Gaussian blur effect in image processing produced by convolution with the Gaussian function. The term is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8211384 |
Helicoidal flow is the cork-screw-like flow of water in a meander. It is one example of a secondary flow. is a contributing factor to the formation of slip-off slopes and river cliffs in a meandering section of the river. The helicoidal motion of the flow aids the processes of hydraulic action and corrasion on the outs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8215751 |
Pollen-presenter A pollen-presenter is an area on the tip of the style in flowers of plants of the family Proteaceae on which the anthers release their pollen prior to anthesis. To ensure pollination, the style grows during anthesis, sticking out the pollen-presenter prominently, and so ensuring that the pollen easily ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8216619 |
Indian National Chemistry Olympiad The (INChO for short) is an Olympiad in Chemistry held in India. The theory part of the INChO examination is held in end-January/beginning February of every year. It is conducted by the Indian Association of Chemistry Teachers. School students (usually of standards 11, 12) first need ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8228402 |
Johan Erik Vesti Boas (2 July 1855 – 25 January 1935), also J.E.V. Boas, was a Danish zoologist and a disciple of Carl Gegenbaur and Steenstrup. During the beginning and end of his career, worked at the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. However, during an intervening period of 35 years, Boas worked with the Veterinary a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8234511 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA The was an influential conference organized by Paul Berg to discuss the potential biohazards and regulation of biotechnology, held in February 1975 at a conference center at Asilomar State Beach. A group of about 140 professionals (primarily biologists, but also including lawyers ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA Two main underlying concepts of this tradition were that genes consisted of DNA and that DNA encoded information that determined the processes of replication and protein synthesis. These concepts were embodied in the model of DNA produced through the combined efforts of James Wats... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA coli bacterium (although not the strain used by Berg) inhabited the human intestinal tract. For these reasons, the other investigators feared that the final step would create cloned SV40 DNA that might escape into the environment and infect laboratory workers. These workers could ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA The conference also suggested the use of biological barriers to limit the spread of recombinant DNA. Such biological barriers included fastidious bacterial hosts that were unable to survive in natural environments. Other barriers were nontransmissible and equally fastidious vector... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA Low risk containment was appropriate for experiments that generated novel biotypes but where the available information indicated that the recombinant DNA could not either alter appreciably the ecological behavior of the recipient species, increase significantly its pathogenicity o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA For experiments involving the creation and propagation of recombinant DNA molecules from DNAs of species that ordinarily did not exchange genetic information and generate novel biotypes, the experiments were to be performed in at least in a low risk containment facility. If the ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA With eukaryotes, attempts to clone segments of DNA using recombinant DNA technology from warm-blooded vertebrates genomes were to be performed only with vector-host systems that had demonstrably restricted growth capabilities outside the laboratory and in a moderate risk containme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA The participants of the Asilomar Conference also endeavored to bring science into the domain of the general public, with a possible motivation being the Watergate scandal. The scandal resulted from a bungled break-in at the Watergate hotel, which served as the Democratic National ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA In addition, many molecular biologists who once confined themselves to academia, developed ties with private industry as equity owners, corporate executives and consultants. This led to the creation of a biotechnology industry, although during this time, public debates occur over ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA Additionally, the conference along with public debates on recombinant DNA, increased public interest in biomedical research and molecular genetics. For this reason, by 1995, genetics and its vocabulary had become a part of the daily press and television news. This, in turn, stimul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8239144 |
Humboldtian science refers to a movement in science in the 19th century closely connected to the work and writings of German scientist, naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt. It maintained a certain ethics of precision and observation, which combined scientific field work with the sensitivity and aesthetic ide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Humboldtian science The details and findings of Humboldt's journey were published in his "Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equatorial Regions of the New Continent" (30 volumes). This "Personal Narrative" was taken by Charles Darwin on his famous voyage on H.M.S Beagle. Humboldt spent the rest of his life mainly in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Humboldtian science Examining the interconnectedness of vegetation and its respective environment is one of the new and important aspects of Humboldt's work, an idea labeled as "terrestrial physics," something that scientists who preceded him, such as Linnaeus, failed to do. is founded on a principle of "general equili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Humboldtian science Next, Johann Reinhold Forster, one of Humboldt's future partners, became interested in the study of vegetation as an essential way of understanding nature and its relationship with human society. Proceeding Forster, Karl Willdenow examined floristic plant geography, the distribution of plants and re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Humboldtian science revolved around understanding the relationship between accurate measurement, sources of error and mathematical laws. Cannon identifies four distinctive features that marked out from previous versions of science: Humboldt was committed to what he called 'terrestrial physics.' Essentially Humboldt's n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Humboldtian science Just some of such instruments included chronometers, telescopes, sextants, microscopes, magnetic compasses, thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, electrometers, and eudiometers. Furthermore, it was necessary to have multiple makes and models of each specific instrument to compare errors and constan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Humboldtian science This biodistribution mapped the specific distributions of flora and fauna at every elevation level on the mountain. Humboldt's study of plants provides an example of the movement of away from traditional science. Humboldt's botany also further illustrates the concept of equilibrium and the Humboldti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Humboldtian science Humboldt saw the history of the earth as a continuous global distribution of such things as heat, vegetation, and rock formations. In order to graphically represent this continuity Humboldt developed isothermal lines. These isothermal lines functioned in the general balancing of forces in that isoth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Humboldtian science Furthermore, as was aforementioned, Charles Darwin carried a copy of Humboldt's "Personal Narrative" aboard H.M.S. Beagle. Humboldt's projects, particularly those related to natural philosophy, played a significant role in the influx of European money and travelers to Spanish America in increasing n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8243937 |
Protein precipitation is widely used in downstream processing of biological products in order to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants. For example, in the biotechnology industry protein precipitation is used to eliminate contaminants commonly contained in blood. The underlying mechanism of pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
Protein precipitation Next to this layer is another solvation layer that is less rigid and, as one moves away from the protein surface, contains a decreasing concentration of counterions and an increasing concentration of co-ions. The presence of these solvation layers cause the protein to have fewer ionic interactions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
Protein precipitation Next, proteins undergo a nucleation phase, where submicroscopic sized protein aggregates, or particles, are generated. Growth of these particles is under Brownian diffusion control. Once the particles reach a critical size (0.1 µm to 10 µm for high and low shear fields, respectively), by diffusive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
Protein precipitation Salting out is a spontaneous process when the right concentration of the salt is reached in solution. The hydrophobic patches on the protein surface generate highly ordered water shells. This results in a small decrease in enthalpy, Δ"H", and a larger decrease in entropy, Δ"S," of the ordered wate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
Protein precipitation The effectiveness of the kosmotropic salts in precipitating proteins follows the order of the Hofmeister series: Most precipitation formula_2 least precipitation Most precipitation formula_3 least precipitation The decrease in protein solubility follows a normalized solubility curve of the type sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
Protein precipitation Likewise, at a solution pH that is below the pI, the surface of the protein is predominantly positively charged and repulsion between proteins occurs. However, at the pI the negative and positive charges cancel, repulsive electrostatic forces are reduced and the attraction forces predominate. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
Protein precipitation Miscible organic solvents decrease the dielectric constant of water, which in effect allows two proteins to come close together. At the isoelectric point the relationship between the dielectric constant and protein solubility is given by: "S" is an extrapolated value of "S", "e" is the dielectric ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
Protein precipitation The effectiveness of these polyelectrolytes depend on the pH of the solution. Anionic polyelectrolytes are used at pH values less than the isoelectric point. Cationic polyelectrolytes are at pH values above the pI. It is important to note that an excess of polyelectrolytes will cause the precipita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
Protein precipitation The tubular reactor does not require moving mechanical parts and is inexpensive to build. However, the reactor can become impractically long if the particles aggregate slowly. CSTR reactors run at steady state with a continuous flow of reactants and products in a well-mixed tank. Fresh protein fee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8253098 |
DNA separation by silica adsorption is a method of DNA separation that is based on DNA molecules binding to silica surfaces in the presence of certain salts and under certain pH conditions, usually conducted on a microchip coated in silica channels. Conventional methods for DNA extraction, such as ethanol precipitation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8255258 |
DNA separation by silica adsorption Meanwhile, the buffer also reduces the activity of water by formatting hydrated ions. This leads to the silica surface and DNA becoming dehydrated. These conditions lead to an energetically favorable situation for DNA to adsorb to the silica surface. A further explanation of how DNA ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8255258 |
DNA separation by silica adsorption First, beads and resins are highly variable depending on how well they are packed and are thus hard to reproduce. Each loading of a micro-channel can result in a different amount of packing and thus change the amount of DNA that adsorbed to the channel. Furthermore, these methods res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8255258 |
Type 0 string theory The is a less well-known model of string theory. It is a superstring theory in the sense that the worldsheet theory is supersymmetric. However, the spacetime spectrum is not supersymmetric and, in fact, does not contain any fermions at all. In dimensions greater than two, the ground state is a tach... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8261269 |
Wear (journal) Wear is a scientific journal publishing papers on wear and friction. The papers may fall within the subjects of physics, chemistry, material science or mechanical engineering. It is published by Elsevier. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8263012 |
Ynolate Ynolates are chemical compounds with a negatively charged oxygen attached to an alkyne functionality. They were first synthesized in 1975 by Schöllkopf and Hoppe via the "n"-butyllithium fragmentation of 3,4-diphenylisoxazole. Synthetically, they behave as ketene precursors or synthons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8268288 |
Arizona Geological Survey The (AZGS) was established by the Arizona Legislature to investigate and describe Arizona's geology and to educate and inform the public regarding its geologic setting. Each year since 1915, AZGS has released geologic maps, formal reports, and other geology-related publications. In Tucson, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8276189 |
Arizona Geological Survey Upon gaining statehood in 1912, the position of Territorial Geologist was abolished. From 1893 until 1915, the role of geologic mapping and reporting was handed off to the University of Arizona Bureau of Mines. In 1915, the Arizona Bureau of Mines was established at the University of Arizona w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8276189 |
Cell culture assay A cell culture assay is any method used to assess the cytotoxicity of a material. This refers to the "in vitro" assessment of a material to determine whether it releases toxic chemicals in the cell. It also determines if the quantity is sufficient to kill cells, either directly or indirectly, through... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8307294 |
The Murchison Fund is an award given by the Geological Society of London to researchers under the age of 40 who have contributed substantially to the study of hard rock and tectonic geology. It is named in honour of Prof. Roderick Impey Murchison. Source: Murchison Fund, The Geological Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8334000 |
Intermediate spiral galaxy An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8335091 |
Unbarred spiral galaxy An unbarred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy without a central bar, or one that is not a barred spiral galaxy. It is designated with an SA in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. Barless spiral galaxies are one of three general types of spiral galaxies under the "de Vaucouleurs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8335148 |
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research The (CDER, pronounced "see'-der") is a division of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that monitors most drugs as defined in the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Some biological products are also legally considered drugs, but they are covered by the Center for Biologics Eva... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8338259 |
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Janet Woodcock is the director of CDER. CDER reviews New Drug Applications to ensure that the drugs are safe and effective. Its primary objective is to ensure that all prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications are safe and effective when used as directed. The FDA requir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8338259 |
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research The 1938 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act required all new drugs to be tested before marketing by submitting the original form of the new drug application. Within the first year, the FDA's Drug Division, the predecessor to CDER, received over 1200 applications. The Drug Amendm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8338259 |
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research The growing crisis around HIV testing and treatment and an inter-agency dispute between officials from the former Bureau of Drugs and officials from the former Bureau of Biologics over whether to approve Genentech's Activase (tissue plasminogen activator) led to the split. In its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8338259 |
Electrolysed water (electrolyzed water, EOW, ECA, electrolyzed oxidizing water, electro-activated water or electro-chemically activated water solution) is produced by the electrolysis of ordinary tap water containing dissolved sodium chloride. The electrolysis of such salt solutions produces a solution of hypochlorous ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8339883 |
Electrolysed water At a pH between 5.5 and 6.0 approximately 90% of the ions are in the form of hypochlorous acid. In that pH range, the disinfectant capability of the solution is more effective than regular sodium hypochlorite (household bleach). Both sodium hydroxide and hypochlorous acid are efficient disinfecting a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8339883 |
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