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Waterborne resins see article Electrophoretic deposition The resins used for electrodeposition are usually epoxy, acrylic or phenolic resin types. They are formulated with functional groups which when neutralised form ionic groups on the polymer backbone. These confer water solubility on the polymer. They are available... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63417066 |
Waterborne resins An example would be polyurethane dispersions blended or hybridized with acrylic resins. Waterborne epoxy resins may be modified with acrylate and then further modified with side chains having many fluorine atoms on them. see main article Water Water is in some ways an unusual chemical. It is a very po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63417066 |
Waterborne resins find use in industrial coatings, UV coatings, floor coatings, hygiene coatings, wood coatings, adhesives, concrete coatings, automotive coatings, clear coatings and anticorrosive applications including waterborne epoxy based anticorrosive primers They are also used in the design and manufacture of med... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63417066 |
Caesium cyanide (chemical formula: CsCN) is the caesium salt of hydrogen cyanide. It is a white solid, easily soluble in water, with a smell reminiscent of bitter almonds, and with crystals similar in appearance to sugar. has chemical properties similar to potassium cyanide and it is a very toxic chemical. Hydrogen cya... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63425559 |
Guanine tetrad In molecular biology, a guanine tetrad (also known as a G-tetrad or G-quartet) is a structure composed of four guanine bases in a square planar array. They most prominently contribute to the structure of G-quadruplexes, where their hydrogen bonding stabilizes the structure. Usually, there are at least tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63426903 |
COVID-19 drug development COVID‑19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID‑19). Internationally during April 2020, several hundred drug companies, biotechnology firms, university r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID‑19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates. Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development The entire process – from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I-III trials – to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade. Development of a COVID‑19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations. Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as "chemistry, manufacturing, and control" (CMC... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development If the IND is approved, development moves to the clinical phase, and the progress of performance in humans – if a vaccine under development in the United States – is monitored by the FDA in a "vaccine approval process." Over 2018–20, new initiatives to stimulate vaccine and antiviral drug deve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development In March 2020, the United States Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, NASA, industry, and nine universities pooled resources to access supercomputers from IBM, combined with cloud computing resources from Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, for drug discove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy: The process of defining characteristics of the drug does not stop once an NCE is advanced into human clinical tri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations. Mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million. In 2017, the median cost of a pivotal trial across all clinical indications was $19 million. The average cost (2013 dollars) of each stage of clinical research was US$25 million for a Phase I saf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development According to two organizations tracking clinical trial progress on potential therapeutic drugs for COVID‑19 infections, 29 Phase II-IV efficacy trials were concluded in March or scheduled to provide results in April from hospitals in China – which experienced the first outbreak of COVID‑19 in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development By March 2020, the international Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) committed to research investments of US$100 million across several countries, and issued an urgent call to raise and rapidly invest $2 billion for vaccine development. Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April. In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity Trial" in 10 countries on five contin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website. The design of the Solidarity trial is not double-blind – which is normally the standard in a high-quality clinical trial – but WHO needed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development During April, the British "Recovery Trial" was launched initially in 132 hospitals across the UK, expanding to become the world's largest COVID‑19 clinical study involving 5400 infected people under treatment at 165 UK hospitals, as of 17 April. The trial is examining different potential thera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID‑19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes. In the United States, the experimental treatment is authorized only ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID‑19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths. The NIH recommends against the use of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development It is being studied as a possible post-infection treatment for COVID-19. As of April 2020, there were nine Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries. On 29 April 2020, the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) announced interim results of a trial assess... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development Distribution of remdesivir under the EUA will be controlled by the U.S. government for use consistent with the terms and conditions of the EUA. Gilead will supply remdesivir to authorized distributors, or directly to a U.S. government agency, who will distribute to hospitals and other healthca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development During the COVID‑19 outbreak, drug repurposing is the clinical research process of rapidly screening and defining the safety and efficacy of existing drugs already approved for other diseases to be used for people with COVID‑19 infection. In the usual drug development process, confirmation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development In March, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a physician advisory concerning remdesivir for people hospitalized with pneumonia caused by COVID‑19: "While clinical trials are critical to establish the safety and efficacy of this drug, clinicians without ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development Phase III trials for COVID-19 involve hospitalized participants, and test effectiveness of the treatment to prevent the disease, while monitoring for adverse effects at the optimal dose, such as in the multinational Solidarity trial. According to two sources reporting early-stage clinical tria... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
COVID-19 drug development The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a preventative vaccine, antiviral or other post-infection therapies, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity in animals, before a candida... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63435931 |
List of gene therapies This page contains a list of commercially available gene therapies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63455108 |
Shvab–Zeldovich formulation The is an approach to remove the chemical-source terms from the conservation equations for energy and chemical species by linear combinations of independent variables, when the conservation equations are expressed in a common form. Expressing conservation equations in common form often limit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63465236 |
Shvab–Zeldovich formulation The steady, low Mach number conservation equations for the species and energy in terms of the rescaled independent variables are given by formula_11 where formula_12 is the mass fraction of species i, formula_13 is the specific heat at constant pressure of the mixture, formula_14 is the temp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63465236 |
Wheal Maid (also Wheal Maiden) is a former mine in the Camborne-Redruth-St Day Mining District, 1.5km east of St Day. Between 1800 and 1840, profits are said to have been up to £200,000. In 1852, the mine was almalgamated with Poldice Mine and Carharrack Mine and worked as St Day United mine. Throughout the 1970s and 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63475215 |
Timeline of crystallography This is a timeline of crystallography. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63481723 |
Taiwan Typhoon and Flood Research Institute The (TTFRI) is a research institute which is part of the National Applied Research Laboratories of Taiwan. The was inaugurated in 2011 in the city of Taichung. Lee Cheng-shang was the inaugural Director. TTFRI is a coordinator of research into quantitative precipitation forec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63488346 |
Potassium selenide (KSe) is an inorganic compound formed from selenium and potassium. It can be produced by the reaction of selenium and potassium. If the two are combined in liquid ammonia, the purity is higher. has a cubic, antifluorite crystal structure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63488665 |
Arginine finger In molecular biology, an arginine finger is an amino acid residue of some enzymes. Arginine fingers are often found in the protein superfamily of AAA+ ATPases, GTPases, and dUTPases, where they assist in the catalysis of the gamma phosphate or gamma and beta phosphates from ATP or GTP, which creates a r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63491308 |
Arginine finger The underlying mechanism of action for this is a nucleophilic attack; the positively charged magnesium ion () pulls on an oxygen of the beta and gamma phosphates to allow water to hydrolyze the bond between the beta and alpha phosphates. The arginine fingers help stabilize the transition state. Arginine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63491308 |
Arginine finger Heterotrimeric G proteins are larger three-part proteins serve in signal transduction of many pathways. The catalytic mechanism for GTP hydrolysis in heterotrimeric G proteins consists of an active state where catalysis is likely to occur and an inactive state where catalysis is unlikely. In the active ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63491308 |
Arginine finger For example, if the arginine of the arginine finger is substituted by lysine, possibly due to a missense mutation, the αR364K mutant results. In the αR364K mutant, the ability of ATP synthase to hydrolyze ATP is decreased around a thousandfold compared to the wild type. A RecQ helicase is one of a famil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63491308 |
Calconcarboxylic acid (IUPAC name 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid; commonly called Patton and Reeder's Indicator) is an azo dye (chemical formula CHCHOHCH) which is used as an indicator for complexometric titrations of calcium with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63498286 |
Calconcarboxylic acid As described by Patton & Reeder (1956), calconcarboxylic acid can be synthesised by coupling diazotized 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid with 2-hydroxy-3-napthoic acid. As mentioned previously, calconcarboxylic acid (or Patton-Reeder Indicator) is used for the determination of calcium ion concen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63498286 |
Calconcarboxylic acid The reaction can be given by: The Patton-Reeder Indicator is often used here in the form of a triturate. It also must be noted that this method of complexometric titration is dependent on the pH of the solution being sufficiently high to ensure that magnesium ions precipitate as magnesium hydroxid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63498286 |
C12-15 pareth-12 is the INCI name for an emulsifier and surfactant commonly used in cosmetics formulations. It is a polyethylene glycol ether formed by combining synthetic C–C fatty alcohols with 12 moles of ethylene oxide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63499308 |
Henry A. Bent (December 21, 1926–January 3, 2015) was a professor of physical chemistry who studied molecular orbitals to develop atomic hybridization and valence bond theories. Bent's rule, which predicts the orbital hybridization of an central atom as a function of the electronegativities of the substituents attached... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63514630 |
Nitensidine D is a toxic alkaloid natural product that was isolated from the leaves of the South American legume Pterogyne nitens.. It is also hypothesized to be a possible intermediate in the still unknown, seemingly monoterpene based, terrestrial biosynthetic pathway for tetrodotoxin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63530577 |
Dysprosium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound of dysprosium with a chemical formula DyF. It can be produced by mixing dysprosium(III) chloride or dysprosium(III) carbonate into 40% hydrofluoric acid. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63554061 |
METRNL Meteorin-like/Meteorin-Beta (Metrnl) is a small (~27kDa) secreted protein encoded by a gene called meteorin-like (METRNL). is highly expressed in mucosal tissues, skin and activated macrophages. Metrnl has also been described to be a hormone A screen of human skin-associated diseases showed significant over-expr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63556051 |
Olga Bogdanova Olga Konstantinovna Bogdanova (Russian: Ольга Константиновна Богда́нова; 29 June n.s., 1896 — March 1982) was a Soviet chemist, a specialist in organic catalysis. In the 1920s Bogdanova worked in a laboratory at a synthetic rubber factory. From the early 1930s she worked at the N. D. Zelinsky Institute o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63563827 |
Marine Chemistry (journal) Marine Chemistry is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal for publications in the field of chemistry in the marine environment. The journal is currently published by Elsevier. Its editor-in-chief is T.S. Bianchi. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Marine Chemistry had a 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63586322 |
Archaeal translation is the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in archaea. Not much is known on this subject, but on the protein level it seems to resemble eukaryotic translation. Most of the initiation, elongation, and termination factors in archaea have homologs in eukaryotes. Shine-Dalgarno s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63589365 |
Archaeal transcription is the process in which a segment of archeaeal DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of RNA using the sole Pol II-like RNA polymerase (RNAP). The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the end result is a strand of RNA that is complementary to a s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63589689 |
Archaeal transcription After getting out of the promoter region, the RNAP moves into the elongation state, where it keeps growing the new RNA strand in a processive process. Double stranded DNA that enters from the front of the enzyme is unzipped to avail the template strand for RNA synthesis. For every DNA base pair s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63589689 |
Archaeal transcription The transcript cleavage factor TFS (a TFIIS homolog) helps resolve this issue by generating a cut so that a new 3' end is available in the active site. Some archaeon have up to 4 paralogs of TFS with divergent functions. Not much is known about archaeal termination. Euryarchaeal RNAPs seem to ter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63589689 |
Ferulic acid decarboxylase Ferulic acid decarboxylases (Fdc) are decarboxylase enzymes capable of the reversible decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids such as ferulic acid and cinnamic acid. Fdc's are fungal homolouges of the "E.coli" UbiD enzyme which is involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. This places Fdc with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63592402 |
Ferulic acid decarboxylase In the case of AnFdc1 it was noted that prFMN displays an azomethine ylide characteristic C4a-N5+=C1’(Figure 1). This is a well-known 1,3-dipole in organic chemistry, positioned in the enzyme active site near to the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid substrate which contains a 1,3-dipolarophile.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63592402 |
Ferulic acid decarboxylase An inactive AnFdc1 enzyme (with prFMN bound) co-crystallised with the phenylpropiolic acid revealed binding in a similar manner to the α-fluorocinnamic acid AnFdc1 and cinnamic acid AnFdc1 with FMN bound (Inhib). An active AnFdc1 enzyme co-crystallised with phenylpropiolic acid revealed clear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63592402 |
National Federation of Chemical Industries The (, FNIC) is a trade union representing workers in the chemical industry in France. The union was founded in 1907 as the Oil and Gas Workers' Federation, as an affiliate of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT). In 1909, it was renamed as the Federation of Chemical Prod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63592865 |
Alison R. Fout is an American inorganic chemist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where she holds the rank of associate professor. She has contributed to the discovery of new catalysts with NHC ligands. She discovered a family of catalysts that reduce oxyanions such as nitrate, perchlorate to nitric oxi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63602368 |
H3K36me is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3, specifically, the mono-methylation at the 36th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein. There are diverse modifications at H3K36, such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitylation, which have many important biological pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63611863 |
H3K36me The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA wrapped around it. These core histones are rich in lysine and arginine residues. The carboxyl (C) terminal end of these hist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63611863 |
H3K36me Different developmental stages were profiled in Drosophila as well, an emphasis was placed on histone modification relevance. A look into the data obtained led to the definition of chromatin states based on histone modifications. Certain modifications were mapped and enrichment was seen to localize in certain g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63611863 |
Ethyl 3-bromopropionate is the organobromine compound with the formula BrCHCHCOCH. It is a colorless liquid and an alkylating agent. It is prepared by the esterification of 3-bromopropionic acid. Alternatively, it can be prepared by hydrobromination of ethyl acrylate, a reaction that proceeds in an anti-Markovnikov sen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63614556 |
Penning-Malmberg trap The is an electromagnetic device used to confine large numbers of charged particles of a single sign of charge. Much interest in Penning-Malmberg (PM) traps arises from the fact that if the density of particles is large and the temperature low, the gas will become a single-component plasma . While... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63621945 |
Penning-Malmberg trap , including angular momentum due to the magnetic field B) in the direction formula_4 of the field is approximately formula_5 (1) where formula_6 is the radial position of the formula_7th particle, formula_8 is the total number of particles, and formula_9 is the cyclotron frequency, with particle m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63621945 |
Penning-Malmberg trap Particle cooling is frequently necessary to maintain good confinement (e.g., to mitigate the heating from RW torques). This can be accomplished in a number of ways, such as using inelastic collisions with molecular gases , or in the case of ions, using lasers . In the case of electrons or positron... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63621945 |
Penning-Malmberg trap One fruitful area of research arises from the fact that plasmas in PM traps can be used to model the dynamics of inviscid two-dimensional fluid flows . PM traps are also the device of choice to accumulate and store anti-particles such as positrons and antiprotons . One has been able to create posi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63621945 |
NAD+ Five-prime cap In molecular biology, the NAD+ five-prime cap (NAD+ 5’ cap) refers to a molecule of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a nucleoside-containing metabolite, covalently bonded the 5’ end of cellular mRNA. While the more common methylated guanosine (m7G) cap is added to RNA by a capping complex t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63623716 |
NAD+ Five-prime cap In prokaryotes, the 5’ NAD+ modification is established by bacterial RNAP during transcription initiation and has been shown to display functions analogous to those of the eukaryotic 5’ cap. In-vitro transcribed NAD-modified RNA was shown to be more resistant to RNase E, the main enzyme in the decay... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63623716 |
NAD+ Five-prime cap Considering that the stress responses are known to affect NAD+ concentration, this finding further supports the possibility of undiscovered pathways linking the energetic state of a cell to mRNA turnover. NAD capping has also been suggested to recruit specific proteins to the 5’ end of the RNA as NA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63623716 |
NAD+ Five-prime cap Additionally, the 5’ NAD+ cap further promotes decay of the RNA it is attached to, NAD+-capped and polyadenylated mRNA were demonstrated "in vitro" to be less stable than mRNAs lacking a 5’ cap, suggesting that the NAD+ modification is actively facilitating DXO-mediated RNA decay. While the relation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63623716 |
Organopolonium chemistry describes the synthesis and properties of chemical compounds containing a carbon to polonium chemical bond. As polonium is a highly radioactive element (its most commonly used isotope, Po, has a half-life of about 138 days), organopolonium chemistry is mostly unexplored, and what is known is mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63633407 |
Hyper–Rayleigh scattering Optical Activity ( ), is a nonlinear optical physical effect whereby chiral scatterers (such as nanoparticles or molecules) convert light (or other electromagnetic radiation) to higher frequencies via harmonic generation processes, in a way that the intensity of generated light depends on the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63634457 |
Hyper–Rayleigh scattering Valev's work unambiguously established that the effect is physically possible, opening the way for nonlinear chiroptical investigations of a variety of chiral light-scattering materials. Hyper Rayleigh Scattering Optical Activity (HRS OA) is arguably the most fundamental nonlinear chiral optic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63634457 |
CCR4-Not Carbon Catabolite Repression—Negative On TATA-less, or CCR4-Not, is a multiprotein complex that functions in gene expression. The complex has multiple enzymatic activities as both a poly(A) 3′-5′ exonuclease and a ubiquitin ligase. The complex is present both in the nucleus where it regulates transcription and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63668273 |
Chao-Jun Li is a professor of chemistry at McGill University, Montréal. He works on organic transformation applied to Green chemistry, including C-H activation, reactions in water and photochemistry. Li was born in 1963, and got his BSc from Zhengzhou university (1979-1983), and completed his MSc. in organic synthesis ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63668520 |
Chao-Jun Li His work on GaN nanowires as photocatalysts for the conversion of methane into benzene was covered by Phys.org in 2015, leaving propects for hydrogen storage. Subsequently, his team showed that they were also able to convert methanol into ethanol. He also made breakthroughs in using hydrazones as nucleophil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63668520 |
Okubo-Weiss parameter The Okubo-Weiss parameter, normally represented as 'W', is a measure of the relative importance of deformation and rotation, which is calculated as the sum of the squares of normal and shear strain minus the relative vorticity. This is widely applicable in fluid properties particularly in identify... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63676220 |
Spoof surface plasmon Spoof surface plasmons, also known as spoof surface plasmon polaritons, are surface electromagnetic waves in microwave and terahertz regimes that propagate along planar interfaces with sign-changing permittivities. Spoof surface plasmons are a type of surface plasmon polariton, which ordinarily pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63677270 |
Spoof surface plasmon For a plasmonic medium that is stratified along the z-direction in Cartesian coordinates, dispersion relation for SPPs can be obtained from solving Maxwell's equations: where Per this relation, SPPs have shorter wavelengths than light in free space for a frequency band below surface plasmon freque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63677270 |
Spoof surface plasmon has realized the spatial and temporal modulation of guided terahertz modes via metallic parallelepiped structures, which they termed as "domino plasmons." Designer spoof plasmonic structures were also tailored to improve the performance of terahertz quantum cascade lasers in 2010. Spoof surface pl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63677270 |
List of CBRN warfare forces Several countries around the world maintain military units that are specifically trained to cope with CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear) threats. Beside this specialized units, most modern armed forces undergo generalized basic CBRN self-defense training for all their personn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63681020 |
Ring and Ball Apparatus is used to determine the softening point of Bitumen, waxes, LDPE, HDPE/PP blend granules, rosin and solid hydrocarbon resins. The apparatus was first designed way back in the 1910s while ASTM adopted a test method in 1916. This instrument is ideally used for materials having softening point in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63682456 |
Embelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from dried berries of "Embelia ribes" plants. has a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, antifertility and antimicrobial. Several studie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63687736 |
Thermogravitational cycle A thermogravitational cycle is a reversible thermodynamic cycle using the gravitational works of weight and buoyancy to respectively compress and expand a working fluid. Consider a column filled with a transporting medium and a balloon filled with a working fluid. Due to the hydrostatic pressu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63687901 |
Thermogravitational cycle The glass cylinder is filled with water acting as transporting fluid. It is heated at the bottom by a hot circulating water-jacket, and cooled down at the top by a cold water bath. Due to its low boiling point temperature (56°C), the perfluorohexane drop contained in the bag vaporizes and infl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63687901 |
Thermogravitational cycle For example: The efficiency "η" of a thermogravitational cycle depends on the thermodynamic processes the working fluid goes through during each step of the cycle. Below some examples: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63687901 |
Transposed Paternò−Büchi reaction The transposed Paternò−Büchi reaction involves a ππ* excited state of alkene reacting with a ground state carbonyl functionality. This is reversal of the traditional Paternò−Büchi reaction where an excited carbonyl group reacts with a ground state alkene. This strategy was first report... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63690875 |
Aza Paternò−Büchi reaction involves an ππ* excited state of alkene reacting with a ground state imine. This strategy was developed by the laboratory Sivaguru and co-workers to overcome the shortcomings involving direct excitation of imines. Traditionally addition of excited imines to carbon-carbon double bonds involves... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63690941 |
Bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands In the area of organometallic chemistry, a bulky cyclopentadienyl ligand is jargon for a ligand of the type CHR where R is larger than n-alkyl and n = 3 or 4. Representative examples are the tetraisopropyl derivative CH(Pr) and the tris tert-butyl derivative 1,2,4-CH("tert"-Bu). These lig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63698532 |
Joyce Jacobson Kaufman (21 June 1929 - 26 August 2016) was an American chemist known for advancing the science of quantum chemistry and for clinical research on anaesthetics. Born to an immigrant family in the Bronx and educated at Johns Hopkins University, she worked at the Sorbonne and at Martin Marietta before retur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63706861 |
Yuancheng Group Yuancheng Group, also known as Wuhan Yuancheng Technology Development Co., Ltd., is a Chinese chemical manufacturing company headquartered in Wuhan, China. The company is a notable supplier of precursors for the manufacturing of illicit drugs, such as Methamphetamine and Fentanyl. Yuancheng has approxim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63714872 |
Armando J. Parodi (born March 16, 1942) is an Argentinean glycobiologist. He did his initial education at the School of Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires. His PhD work was done under Luis Federico Leloir, a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work involving the finding of sugar nucleotides and ho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63726772 |
Armando J. Parodi Parodi also completed a 2 year postdoctoral fellowship at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France. While working under Luis F. Leloir, Parodi’s research was involved with the synthesis of particulate glycogen "de novo" using UDP-Glc and rat livers for glycogen synthase. In 1970, he joined Leloir and Ni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63726772 |
Armando J. Parodi This led to the conclusion that the transfer of a glucose to the ManGlcNAc was the only way that GlcManGlcNAc could have been made. Parodi also looked into how glucosylation/deglucosylation in the ER’s lumen were involved with the correct folding of N-linked glycoproteins. His research led him to find... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63726772 |
Vengeance and Retribution are Mine Vengeance and Retribution are Mine: Community, the Holocaust, and Abba Kovner's Avengers () is a book by Israeli historian Dina Porat on Nakam, a small group of Holocaust survivors led by Abba Kovner which sought violent revenge against Germans. She chose the title to express her beli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63727097 |
Toxic Terror (book) Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons (2000) is a MIT Press book edited by Jonathan B. Tucker which has twelve chapters by different authors discussing use of chemical and biological weapons by terrorists from 1946 to 1998. Only three groups caused "mass casualties... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63729856 |
Compact Cassette tape types and formulations Audio compact cassettes use magnetic tape of three major types which differ in fundamental magnetic properties, the level of bias applied during recording, and the optimal time constant of replay equalization. Specifications of each type were set in 1979 by the International... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63742889 |
Compact Cassette tape types and formulations Magnetic recording relies on the use of hard ferrimagnetics or ferromagnetics - materials that require strong external magnetic fields to be magnetized, and that retain substantial residual magnetization after the magnetizing field is removed. Two fundamental magnetic proper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63742889 |
Compact Cassette tape types and formulations In practice, high-level frequency range is not as important as the smoothness of midrange and treble frequency response. The original specification for Compact Cassette was set by Philips in 1962–1963. Of the three then available tape formulations that matched Philips requir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63742889 |
Compact Cassette tape types and formulations Unlike consumer tapes, which were manufactured continuously over years, each reference tape was made in a single production batch by the IEC-approved factory. These batches were made large enough to fill the need of the industry for many years. A second run was impossible, b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63742889 |
Compact Cassette tape types and formulations Each particle of such size contains a single magnetic domain. The powder was and still is manufactured in bulk by chemical companies specializing in mineral pigments for the paint industry. Ferric magnetic layers have brown colour, its shade and intensity depending mostly on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63742889 |
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