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Kidd Metallurgical Site The (or Met Site) is a metallurgical facility in Timmins, Ontario, Canada. It was built in 1980 and owned and operated by Xstrata Copper, following their 2006 takeover of Falconbridge Ltd. The site employs approximately 675 hourly employees. The plant is southeast of the Kidd Mine, and houses a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22367619 |
John C. Sheehan John Clark Sheehan (23 September 1915 – 21 March 1992) was an American organic chemist whose work on synthetic penicillin led to tailor-made forms of the drug. After nine years of hard work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), he became the first to discover a practical method for synt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22372550 |
John C. Sheehan At one point, he functioned as the ghostwriter for Frank Murphy, who was once the governor of Michigan and a Supreme Court Justice. Sheehan's mother was a genealogist who later became the Michigan registrar for the Daughters of the American Revolution. His paternal grandfather, John W. Sheehan, was a su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22372550 |
John C. Sheehan Sheehan had two brothers, Joseph Sheehan and David Sheehan. Joseph is a professor of psychology at the University of California and ran training programs for relieving speech defects with his wife, Vivian. David Sheehan, the youngest of the three, worked in the manufacturing industry in Battle Creek. Jo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22372550 |
John C. Sheehan He wrote, "If my doctors had had a course of treatment as effective as that made possible by penicillin, I would probably not have lost that year." In 1941, he accepted a position at Merck & Co. in Rahway, New Jersey. He worked there until 1946 as a senior research chemist under the supervision of Dr. M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22372550 |
John C. Sheehan However, during World War II, the United States government undertook a massive effort to determine the chemical structure of penicillin and to chemically synthesize it in large quantities. The scale of this project was compared to the development of the atomic bomb. This stemmed from the dire need for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22372550 |
John C. Sheehan He explained that one of the reasons he decided to switch from his job at Merck to M.I.T. was because "At M.I.T, I was a research committee of one. I could make the decision to spend the rest of my life on the penicillin problem; it was only my career that was on the line." At the time, it was known tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22372550 |
John C. Sheehan This allowed researchers to combat the resistance that certain bacteria had developed to particular forms of the drug. Sheehan later published his involvement in the synthesis of penicillins in "The Enchanted Ring: The Untold Story of Penicillin", which noted a complex legal skirmish over his patents on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22372550 |
Synthetic Communications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the synthesis of organic compounds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22379034 |
Organic Preparations and Procedures International is a bimonthly scientific journal focusing on organic chemists engaged in synthesis. Topics include original preparative chemistry in association with the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22379335 |
Element collecting is the hobby of collecting the chemical elements. Many element collectors simply enjoy finding peculiar uses of chemical elements. Others enjoy studying the properties of the elements, possibly engaging in amateur chemistry, and some simply collect elements for no practical reason. Some element colle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22379986 |
Element collecting Some commercial retailers now cater to the element collecting community, even selling large quantities in sets, since purchasing elements from large chemical companies like Sigma-Aldrich is frequently prohibited or uneconomical for individuals. There are a number of specialist element providers which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22379986 |
Element collecting Usually only the stable elements from hydrogen to bismuth (except the radioactive technetium and promethium) are collected, with the exceptions of the extremely long-lived thorium and uranium. It is possible to source other radioactive elements, such as radium (usually in the form of radium sulfate a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22379986 |
Chevron CRUSH is an experimental "in situ" shale oil extraction technology to convert kerogen in oil shale to shale oil. The name stands for Chevron's Technology for the Recovery and Upgrading of Oil from Shale. It is developed jointly by Chevron Corporation and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The technology bases ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22380334 |
Chevron CRUSH The process involves drilling vertical wells into the oil shale formation and applying horizontal fractures induced by injecting carbon dioxide through drilled wells and then pressured through the formation for circulation through the fractured intervals to rubblize the production zone. For further rubbli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22380334 |
Cross-validation (analytical chemistry) Cross-validation is an approach by which the sets of scientific data generated using two or more methods are critically assessed. The cross-validation can be categorized as | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22381665 |
ExxonMobil Electrofrac is an "in situ" shale oil extraction technology proposed by ExxonMobil for converting kerogen in oil shale to shale oil. uses a series of fractures created in the oil shale formation. Preferably these fractures should be longitudinal vertical fractures created from horizontal wells and conducting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22381897 |
CONQUEST is a linear scaling, or O(N), density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure code. The code is designed to perform DFT calculations on very large systems containing many thousands of atoms. It can be run at different levels of precision ranging from ab initio tight binding up to full DFT with plane wave ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22382490 |
CONQUEST These approximations give linear scaling behaviour, and as the radii are increased tend to the exact result. is jointly developed at the Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London in the UK and at the Computational Materials Science Centre, National Inst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22382490 |
Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature The is a IUPAC nomenclature book published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) containing internationally accepted definitions for terms in analytical chemistry. It has traditionally been published in an orange cover, hence its informal name, the Orange... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22384158 |
Heterocycles (journal) Heterocycles is a scientific journal on the topic of heterocyclic compounds. In 2006 it was awarded the "In Memory of Professor A.N. Kost" medal by Lomonosov Moscow State University and Mendeleev Russian Chemical Society. The impact factor of this journal is 1.079 (2014). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22385759 |
Current Organic Chemistry is a scientific review journal summarizing progress in the fields of asymmetric synthesis, organo-metallic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, heterocyclic chemistry, natural product chemistry and analytical methods in organic chemistry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22385763 |
List of highly toxic gases Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC50 (median lethal dose) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22387613 |
Glycorandomization Glycorandomization, is a drug discovery and drug development technology platform to enable the rapid diversification of bioactive small molecules, drug leads and/or approved drugs through the attachment of sugars. Initially developed as a facile method to manipulate carbohydrate substitutions of natu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22387640 |
Glycorandomization Two complementary strategies to achieve glycorandomization/diversification have been developed: an enzyme-based strategy referred to as 'chemoenzymatic glycorandomization' and a chemoselective method known as 'neoglycorandomization'. Both methods start with free reducing sugars and a target aglycon t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22387640 |
Glycorandomization This enzymatic platform has been further advanced through glycosyltransferase evolution and capitalizing upon the discovery of the reversibility of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions first discovered in the context of calicheamicin biosynthesis. Neoglycorandomization is a chemoselective glycodiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22387640 |
Glycorandomization A notable advantage of the enzymatic approach is the use of the corresponding genes encoding for the permissive kinases, nucleotidyltransferases and/or glycosyltransferases for in vivo synthetic biology applications to afford in vivo glycorandomization. However, it is important to note the enzymatic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22387640 |
Glass coloring and color marking may be obtained by in several ways. Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron oxide impurities produce a green tint which can be viewed in thick pieces or with the aid of scientific instruments. Further metals and metal oxides can be adde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22390444 |
Liquid nitrogen engine A liquid nitrogen vehicle is powered by liquid nitrogen, which is stored in a tank. Traditional nitrogen engine designs work by heating the liquid nitrogen in a heat exchanger, extracting heat from the ambient air and using the resulting pressurized gas to operate a piston or rotary motor. Vehicl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22391303 |
Liquid nitrogen engine The insulation reduces heat flow into the stored nitrogen; this is necessary because heat from the surrounding environment boils the liquid, which then transitions to a gaseous state. Reducing inflowing heat reduces the loss of liquid nitrogen in storage. The requirements of storage prevent the u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22391303 |
Liquid nitrogen engine The resulting gas stream can be used to drive generators or other devices. The system has not been demonstrated to power electric generators of greater than 1 kW, however higher output may be possible. Although the liquid nitrogen is colder than the ambient temperature, the liquid nitrogen engine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22391303 |
Liquid nitrogen engine Very large tanks for LN2 are sometimes pressurized to less than 25 psi to aid in transferring the liquid at point of use. A vehicle propelled by liquid nitrogen, the "Liquid Air", was demonstrated in 1902. In June 2016 trials will begin in London, UK on supermarket J. Sainsbury's fleet of food de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22391303 |
Liquid nitrogen engine Liquid nitrogen is not available in public refueling stations; however, there are distribution systems in place at most welding gas suppliers and liquid nitrogen is an abundant by-product of liquid oxygen production. Liquid nitrogen production is an energy-intensive process. Currently practical r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22391303 |
Liquid nitrogen engine This compares with 100–250 W·h/kg for a lithium-ion battery and 3,000 W·h/kg for a gasoline combustion engine running at 28% thermal efficiency, 30 times the density of liquid nitrogen used at the Carnot efficiency. For an isothermal expansion engine to have a range comparable to an internal comb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22391303 |
Liquid nitrogen engine Since nitrogen is a colorless and odourless gas that already makes up 78 per cent of air, such a change would be difficult to detect. Cryogenic liquids are hazardous if spilled. Liquid nitrogen can cause frostbite and can make some materials extremely brittle. As liquid N2 is colder than 90.2K, o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22391303 |
Fire-safe polymers are polymers that are resistant to degradation at high temperatures. There is need for fire-resistant polymers in the construction of small, enclosed spaces such as skyscrapers, boats, and airplane cabins. In these tight spaces, ability to escape in the event of a fire is compromised, increasing fire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22398341 |
Fire-safe polymers The Center for UMass/Industry Research on Polymers (CUMIRP) was established in 1980 in Amherst, MA as a concentrated cluster of scientists from both academia and industry for the purpose of polymer science and engineering research. Controlling the flammability of different materials has been a subjec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22398341 |
Fire-safe polymers Incorporating flame-resistant additives into polymers became a common and relatively cheap way to reduce the flammability of polymers, while synthesizing intrinsically fire-resistant polymers has remained a more expensive alternative, although the properties of these polymers are usually more efficie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22398341 |
Fire-safe polymers , polypropylene, between 5% and 15%). Additionally, polymers exhibit a structural-dependent relationship with oxygen. Some structures are intrinsically more sensitive to decomposition upon reaction with oxygen. The amount of access that oxygen has to the surface of the polymer also plays a role in po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22398341 |
Fire-safe polymers Most intrinsically fire-resistant polymers are made by incorporation of aromatic cycles or heterocycles, which lend rigidity and stability to the polymers. Polyimides, polybenzoxazoles (PBOs), polybenzimidazoles, and polybenzthiazoles (PBTs) are examples of polymers made with aromatic heterocycles (F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22398341 |
Fire-safe polymers For example, instead of forming toxic, flammable gasses in abundance, polymers prepared with incorporation of cyclotriphosphazene rings give a high char yield upon combustion. Polysialates (polymers containing frameworks of aluminum, oxygen, and silicon) are another type of inorganic polymer that can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22398341 |
Fire-safe polymers The most important flame retardants systems used act either in the gas phase where they remove the high energy radicals H and OH from the flame or in the solid phase, where they shield the polymer by forming a charred layer and thus protect the polymer from being attacked by oxygen and heat. Flame re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22398341 |
Fire-safe polymers Besides providing satisfactory mechanical properties and renewability, natural fibers are easier to obtain and much cheaper than man-made materials. Moreover, they are more environmentally friendly. Recent research focuses on application of different types of fire retardants during the manufacturing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22398341 |
Chemical glycosylation A chemical glycosylation reaction involves the coupling of a glycosyl donor, to a glycosyl acceptor forming a glycoside. If both the donor and acceptor are sugars, then the product is an oligosaccharide. The reaction requires activation with a suitable activating reagent. The reactions often resu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22403212 |
Chemical glycosylation A participating group, typically one with a carboxyl group present, will predominantly result in the formation of a β-glycoside. Whereas a non-participating group, a group usually without a carboxyl group, will often result in an α-glycoside. Below it can be seen that having an acetyl protecting ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22403212 |
Chemical glycosylation Recently several research groups have shown these donors to have unique reactive properties and can differ from other glycosyl chlorides or bromides with respect to reaction time, efficiency, and stereochemistry. Glycosyl iodides may be made under a variety of conditions, one method of note is th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22403212 |
Chemical glycosylation Trichloroacetimidates were first introduced and explored by Schmidt in 1980 and since then have become very popular for glycoside synthesis. The use of trichloroacetimidates provides many advantages including ease of formation, reactivity and stereochemical outcome. "O"-Glycosyl trichloroacetimid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22403212 |
Passive binding In complexation catalysis, the term passive binding refers to any stabilizing interaction that is equally strong at the transition state level and in the reactant-catalyst complex. Having the same effect on the stability of the transition state and the reactant-catalyst complex, passive binding contribu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22404484 |
List of chemical arms control agreements Chemical arms control is the attempt to limit the use or possession of chemical weapons through arms control agreements. These agreements are often motivated by the common belief "that these weapons ...are abominable", and by a general agreement that chemical weapons do "not acc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22407921 |
List of chemical arms control agreements The use of chemical weapons in warfare was a war crime as such use was in direct violation of the 1899 Hague Declaration Concerning Asphyxiating Gases and the 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare, which prohibited the use of "poison or poisoned weapons" in warfare. After World ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22407921 |
List of chemical arms control agreements Along with the substantial use of chemical weapons in the Iran–Iraq War, these incidents led to a renewed interest in chemical disarmament and increased the push towards disarmament, finally culminating in the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention, a full-scale ban on the use, produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22407921 |
Compacted graphite iron (CGI), also known as vermicular graphite iron (GJV, VG, JV or GGV from the ) especially in non-English speaking countries, is a metal which is gaining popularity in applications that require either greater strength, or lower weight than cast iron. R.D. Schelleng obtained a patent for the product... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22407941 |
Ferrier carbocyclization The (or Ferrier II reaction) is an organic reaction that was first reported by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier in 1979. It is a metal-mediated rearrangement of enol ether pyrans to cyclohexanones. Typically, this reaction is catalyzed by mercury salts, specifically mercury(II) chlori... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22409391 |
Ferrier carbocyclization Sinaÿ proposed this reaction went through the following transition state: Sinaÿ also discovered that titanium (IV) derivatives such as [TiCl(O"i"Pr)] worked in the same reaction as a milder version of the Lewis acid, "i"-BuAl, which goes through a similar transition state involving the retentio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22409391 |
Carbohydrate conformation refers to the overall three-dimensional structure adopted by a carbohydrate (saccharide) molecule as a result of the through-bond and through-space physical forces it experiences arising from its molecular structure. The physical forces that dictate the three-dimensional shapes of all molecule... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22410248 |
Carbohydrate conformation Conformations adopted by saccharide molecules in response to the physical forces arising from their bonding and nonbonding electrons, modified by the molecule's interactions with its aqueous or other solvent environment, strongly influence their reactivity with and recognition by other molecul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22410248 |
Carbohydrate conformation Since there are two possible chair conformation steric and stereoelectronic effects such as the anomeric effect, 1,3-diaxial interactions, dipoles and intramolecular hydrogen bonding must be taken into consideration when looking at relative energies. Conformations with 1,3-diaxial interactions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22410248 |
Carbohydrate conformation Anomers are diastereoisomers of glycosides, hemiacetals or related cyclic forms of sugars, or related molecules differing in configuration only at C-1. When the stereochemistry of the first carbon matches the stereochemistry of the last stereogenic center the sugar is the α-anomer when they ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22410248 |
Carbohydrate conformation In addition to the factors affecting monosaccharide residues, conformational analysis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides requires consideration additional factors. The "exo"-anomeric effect is similar to the "endo"-anomeric effect. The difference being that the lone pair being donated is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22410248 |
Oligosaccharide nomenclature Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are an important class of polymeric carbohydrates found in virtually all living entities. Their structural features make their nomenclature challenging and their roles in living systems make their nomenclature important. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22412019 |
Oligosaccharide nomenclature The reducing and non-reducing ends of an oligosaccharide are conventionally drawn with the reducing-end monosaccharide residue furthest to the right and the non-reducing (or terminal) end furthest to the left. Naming of oligosaccharides proceeds from left to right (from the non-reducing end... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22412019 |
Oligosaccharide nomenclature The following example will help illustrate this concept: Allyl α--fucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α--galactopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α--glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α--galactopyranoside These systematic names are quite useful in that they provide information about the structure of the oligosaccharide. They do require... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22412019 |
Oligosaccharide nomenclature When the glycosidic linkages and configurations of the monosaccharides are known, they may be included as a prefix to the name, with the notation for glycosidic linkages preceding the symbols designating the configuration. The following example will help illustrate this concept: (1→4)-β--Gl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22412019 |
Monosaccharide nomenclature is the naming conventions of the basic unit of carbohydrate structure, monosaccharides, which may be monomers or part of a larger polymer. Monosaccharides are subunits that cannot be further hydrolysed in to simpler units. Depending on the number of carbon atom they are further classified in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22414431 |
Monosaccharide nomenclature Most ketoses found in nature have the carbonyl in position 2; when that is not the case, one uses a numeric prefix to indicate the carbonyl's position. Thus for example, aldohexose means H(C=O)(CHOH)H, ketopentose means H(CHOH)(C=O)(CHOH)H, and 3-ketopentose means H(CHOH)(C=O)(CHOH)H. An alt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22414431 |
Monosaccharide nomenclature A distinct common name, such as "glucose" or "ribose", is traditionally assigned to each pair of mirror-image stereoisomers, and to each achiral stereoisomer. These names have standard three-letter abbreviations, such as 'Glc' for glucose and 'Rib' for ribose. Another nomenclature uses the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22414431 |
Monosaccharide nomenclature The infix is "furan" for a 5-atom ring, "pyran" for 6, "septan" for 7, and so on. Ring closure creates another chiral center at the anomeric carbon (the one with the hemiacetal or acetal functionality), and therefore each open-chain stereoisomer gives rise to two distinct stereoisomers (anom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22414431 |
Intramolecular aglycon delivery is a synthetic strategy for the construction of glycans. This approach is generally used for the formation of difficult glycosidic linkages. Glycosylation reactions are very important reactions in carbohydrate chemistry, leading to the synthesis of oligosaccharides, preferably in a stere... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22416330 |
Intramolecular aglycon delivery Upon activation of the glycosyl donor group (Y) (usually SR, OAc, or Br group) in the next step, the tethered aglycon traps the developing oxocarbenium ion at C-1, and is transferred from the same face as OH-2, forming the glycosidic bond stereospecifically. The yield of this reaction dr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22416330 |
Intramolecular aglycon delivery g. β-mannosyl) product is formed in a final step through activation of the anomeric leaving group, delivery of the aglycon from the mixed acetal and finally hydrolytic work-up to remove the remains of the propenyl ether from O-2. In this method, the glycosyl donor is protected at C-2 by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22416330 |
Intramolecular aglycon delivery A modified silicon-tethering method involves mixing of the glycosyl donor with the glycosyl acceptor and dimethyldichlorosilane in the presence of imidazole to give the mixed silaketal in one pot. Activation of the tethered intermediate then leads to the β-glycoside product. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22416330 |
C18H36O2 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22417292 |
C10H20O The molecular formula CHO (molar mass : 156.27 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22417345 |
Glycopeptide Glycopeptides are peptides that contain carbohydrate moieties (glycans) covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide. Over the past few decades it has been recognised that glycans on cell surface (attached to membrane proteins or lipids) and those bound to p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22418724 |
Glycopeptide Of the three linkages the least common and least understood are "C"-linked glycans. The C-linkage refers to the covalent attachment of mannose to a tryptophan residue. An example of a C-linked glycan is α-mannosyl tryptophan. Several methods have been reported in the literature for the synthesis of glycope... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22418724 |
Glycopeptide This technique makes use of the chemoselective reaction between a N-terminal cysteine residue on one peptide fragment with a thio-ester on the C-terminus of the other peptide fragment as illustrated below. Unlike standard SPPS (which is limited to 50 amino acid residue) NCL allows the construction of large... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22418724 |
Oxygen saturation (medicine) Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22419890 |
Oxygen saturation (medicine) The body maintains a stable level of oxygen saturation for the most part by chemical processes of aerobic metabolism associated with breathing. Using the respiratory system, red blood cells, specifically the hemoglobin, gather oxygen in the lungs and distribute it to the rest of the body. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22419890 |
Linde–Frank–Caro process The is a method for hydrogen production by removing hydrogen and carbon dioxide from water gas by condensation. The process was invented in 1909 by Adolf Frank and developed with Carl von Linde and Heinrich Caro. Water gas is compressed to 20 bar and pumped into the Linde-Frank-Caro reactor. A ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22423074 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of carbohydrates Carbohydrate NMR Spectroscopy is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to structural and conformational analysis of carbohydrates. This method allows the scientists to elucidate structure of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22423865 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of carbohydrates The typical ranges of specific carbohydrate carbon chemical shifts in the unsubstituted monosaccharides are: Direct carbon-proton coupling constants are used to study the anomeric configuration of a sugar. Vicinal proton-proton coupling constants are used to stud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22423865 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of carbohydrates Absolute configuration and polymerization degree are not always determinable using NMR only, so the process of structural elucidation may require additional methods. Although monomeric composition can be solved by NMR, chromatographic and mass-spectroscopic metho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22423865 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of carbohydrates They include: Growing computational power allows usage of thorough quantum-mechanical calculations at high theory levels and large basis sets for refining the molecular geometry of carbohydrates and subsequent prediction of NMR observables using GIAO and other me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22423865 |
Protein–carbohydrate interaction Carbohydrate–protein interactions are the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions between protein and carbohydrate moieties. These interactions form the basis of specific recognition of carbohydrates by lectins. Carbohydrates are important biopolymers and have a variety of functi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22423972 |
Protein–carbohydrate interaction One is cation-dependent and the other does not require cation to activate. I-type lectin named from the immunoglobulin-like domain. Sialoadhesin is one of the I-type lectin, which binds specifically to sialic acid. Most antibodies have the similar structure except the hypervariable regi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22423972 |
Protein–carbohydrate interaction Dual polarisation interferometry is a label free analytical technique for measuring interactions and associated conformational changes. Recently, studies by using metal nanoparticle probes to detect the carbohydrate–protein interactions were reported. Use of gold and silver nanoparticle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22423972 |
Armed and disarmed saccharides The armed/disarmed approach to glycosylation is an effective way to prevent sugar molecules from self-glycosylation when synthesizing disaccharides. This approach was first recognized when acetylated sugars only acted as glycosyl acceptors when reacted with benzylated sugars. The acetylat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22424123 |
Armed and disarmed saccharides Further work has shown that the effect of 1,3-dioxanes and 1,3-dioxolanes on disarming sugars can be attributed to the electronics of the systems as well as torsional strain. When a 1,3-dioxane is formed between O-4 and O-6, the oxygens adapt an anti-periplanar geometry with O-5. This ori... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22424123 |
Armed and disarmed saccharides The disaccharide can then be coupled to a disarmed sugar. This process can be repeated as many times as necessary to achieve an efficient synthesis of a desired oligosaccharide with minimal loss of material to undesired coupling. This can be especially useful in “one-pot” synthetic method... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22424123 |
Reverse northern blot The reverse northern blot is a method by which gene expression patterns may be analyzed by comparing isolated RNA molecules from a tester sample to samples in a control cDNA library. It is a variant of the northern blot in which the nucleic acid immobilized on a membrane is a collection of isolate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22435839 |
Reverse northern blot Reverse Northern blot, much like the northern blot upon which it is based, is used to determine levels of gene expression in particular tissues. In comparison to the Northern blot, the reverse northern blot is able to probe a large number of transcripts at once with less specificity with regard to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22435839 |
Reverse northern blot Therefore, reverse northern has been used as one means of confirming hits from DD-PCR, or sequences with altered expression levels. In this case, the membrane will be coated with amplified DD-PCR products which have been cloned into vectors, sequenced, and reamplified. DNA microarrays operate by s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22435839 |
Transgenic hydra Cnidarians such as Hydra have become attractive model organisms to study the evolution of immunity. However, despite long-term efforts, stably transgenic animals could not be generated, severely limiting the functional analysis of genes. For analytical purposes, therefore, an important technical breakt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22438135 |
Hawaii Ocean Time-series The (HOT) program is a long-term oceanographic study based at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. In 2015, the American Society for Microbiology designated the HOT Program's field site Station ALOHA (A Long-Term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment; ()) a "Milestone in Microbiology", for playing "a k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22442208 |
Hawaii Ocean Time-series To achieve this, the HOT program has several specific goals: The dissolved inorganic carbon data set that has been accumulated over the course of the HOT program shows the increase of carbon dioxide in the surface waters of the Pacific and subsequent acidification of the ocean. The data collect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22442208 |
Hawaii Ocean Time-series WHOTS provides long-term, high-quality air-sea fluxes as a coordinated part of HOT, contributing to the program’s goals of observing heat, fresh water and chemical fluxes. In 2011, the ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO) became operational. This instrumented fiber optic cabled observatory provides p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22442208 |
Hawaii Ocean Time-series HOT relies on the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System research vessel Kilo Moana operated by the University of Hawaii for most of the near-monthly sampling expeditions. When at Station ALOHA, a variety of sampling strategies is used to capture the range of physical and biogeoche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22442208 |
Hawaii Ocean Time-series The 25 year record of ocean carbon measurements at Station ALOHA document that the partial pressure of ("p") in the mixed layer is increasing at a rate slightly greater than the trend observed in the atmosphere. This has been accompanied by progressive decreases in seawater pH. Although the eff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22442208 |
Hydroxybutanal may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22452377 |
Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose is a gelling and thickening agent derived from cellulose. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22457321 |
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