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KaiC Additionally, overexpression of has been shown to strongly repress the "kaiBC" promoter, while "kaiA" overexpression has experimentally enhanced the "kaiBC" promoter. These positive and negative binding elements mirror a feedback mechanism of rhythm generation conserved across many different species. phosphorylati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39103747 |
KaiC Variations in the C-terminal region of each of their proteins suggest functional divergence between the Kai clock proteins, however there are critical interdependencies between the three paralogs. Cyanobacteria are the simplest organisms with a known mechanism for the generation of circadian rhythms. ATPase activi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39103747 |
KaiC However, elimination of the PTO did not fully eliminate the rhythmicity in "kaiBC" promoter activities, suggesting that the PTO is not necessary in generating rhythms in the TTFL. In truth, the activities of outside of the PTO is still relatively unknown. Recent experiments have found that the oscillations in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39103747 |
KaiC TTFLs have long been assumed to be the core of circadian rhythmicity, but that claim is now being tested again due to the possibility that the biochemical oscillators could constitute the central mechanism of the clock system, regulating and operating within TTFLs that control output and restore proteins essential... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39103747 |
KaiC The phosphorylation of was successfully entrained "in vitro" to temperature cycles with periods between 20 and 28 hours using temperature steps from 30 °C to 45 °C and vice versa. The results reflect a phase-dependent shift in the phase of the phosphorylation rhythms. The period of the circadian clock was not chan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39103747 |
Critical plane analysis refers to the analysis of stresses or strains as they are experienced by a particular plane in a material, as well as the identification of which plane is likely to experience the most extreme damage. is widely used in engineering to account for the effects of cyclic, multiaxial load histories o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39112255 |
Critical plane analysis Critical plane models for both metals and polymers are widely used. Modern procedures for critical plane analysis trace back to research published in 1973 in which M. W. Brown and K. J. Miller observed that fatigue life under multiaxial conditions is governed by the experience of the plane recei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39112255 |
Adaptive fluid-infused porous film Adaptive fluid-infused porous films change states when stretched, allowing for dynamic control over transparency and wettability. They were developed by researchers at Harvard University. The same team previously invented Slippery Liquid Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS) which served as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39116569 |
Partial dislocation Partial dislocations are a decomposed form of dislocations that occur within a material. An extended dislocation is a dislocation that has dissociated into partial dislocations. The vector sum of the Burgers vectors of the partial dislocations is the Burgers vector of the extended dislocation. A dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39133628 |
Radiation effects on optical fibers When optical fibers are exposed to ionizing radiation such as energetic electrons, protons, neutrons, X-rays, Ƴ-radiation, etc., they undergo 'damage'. The term 'damage' primarily refers to the additional loss of the propagating optical signal leading to decreased power at the output... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39138679 |
Radiation effects on optical fibers Intrinsic defects are present in the matrix of a single component glass material like pure silica. These include per-oxy linkages, POL (≡Si-O-O-Si≡) which are oxygen interstitials, and oxygen deficient centers, ODC (≡Si-Si≡) which are oxygen vacancies. When exposed to ionizing radiat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39138679 |
Radiation effects on optical fibers All optical fibers undergo some darkening depending on a number of factors that include: ionization type, optical fiber core glass composition, operating wavelength, dose rate, total accumulated dose, temperature and power propagating through the core. Since attenuation is compositio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39138679 |
Radiation effects on optical fibers Radiation performances of various SM, MM and PM fibers manufactured by different vendors that were tested in wide range of radiation environments have been compiled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39138679 |
Thermodynamic operation A thermodynamic operation is an externally imposed manipulation that affects a thermodynamic system. The change can be either in the connection or wall between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings, or in the value of some variable in the surroundings that is in contact with a wall of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39144241 |
Thermodynamic operation Guggenheim: "tampering" with the bodies. A typical thermodynamic operation is externally imposed change of position of a piston, so as to alter the volume of the system of interest. Another thermodynamic operation is a removal of an initially separating wall, a manipulation that unites two syste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39144241 |
Thermodynamic operation As a matter of history, the distinction, between a thermodynamic operation and a thermodynamic process, is not found in these terms in nineteenth century accounts. For example, Kelvin spoke of a "thermodynamic operation" when he meant what present-day terminology calls a thermodynamic operation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39144241 |
Thermodynamic operation For example, an initial thermodynamic operation of a cycle of a Carnot heat engine could be taken as the setting of the working body, at a known high temperature, into contact with a thermal reservoir at the same temperature (the hot reservoir), through a wall permeable only to heat, while it re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39144241 |
Thermodynamic operation The kinetic energy of bulk motion of the working substance is not a significant feature of the device, and the working substance may be practically considered as nearly at rest. For many chains of reasoning in thermodynamics, it is convenient to think of the combination of two systems into one. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39144241 |
Thermodynamic operation The thermodynamic operation of "scaling" is the creation of a new homogeneous system whose size is a multiple of the old size, and whose intensive variables have the same values. Traditionally the size is stated by the mass of the system, but sometimes it is stated by the entropy, or by the volu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39144241 |
Thermodynamic operation More particularly, it is characteristic of macroscopic thermodynamics that the probability vanishes, that the splitting operation occurs at an instant when system is in the kind of extreme transient microscopic state envisaged by the Poincaré recurrence argument. Such splitting and recomposition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39144241 |
Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) or formula_1 is the distance between the opposite faces of a crack tip at the 90° intercept position. The position behind the crack tip at which the distance is measured is arbitrary but commonly used is the point where two 45° lines starting at the crack tip intercept the crack fa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39145558 |
Crack tip opening displacement It is easy to measure when compared with techniques such as J integral. It is a fracture parameter that has more physical meaning than the rest. However, the equivalence of CTOD and J integral is proven only for non-linear materials, but not for plastic materials. It is hard to expand the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39145558 |
Crack tip opening displacement Crack tip plastically deforms until a critical point after which a cleavage crack is initiated that may lead to either partial or complete failure. The critical load and strain gauge measurements at the load are noted and a graph is plotted. The crack tip opening can be calculated from th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39145558 |
C13H14O3 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 218.248 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39147681 |
Tunable resistive pulse sensing Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) is a technique that allows high-throughput single particle measurements as colloids and/or biomolecular analytes driven through a size-tunable nanopore, one at a time. The technique adapts the principle of resistive pulse sensing, which monitors cur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39154794 |
Tunable resistive pulse sensing These systems have been applied to measure a wide range of biological and synthetic particle types including viruses and nanoparticles. TRPS has been applied in both academic and industrial research fields, including: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39154794 |
Mutatochrome (5,8-epoxy-β-carotene) is a carotenoid. It is the predominant carotenoid in the cap of the bolete mushroom "Boletus luridus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39158997 |
Rhodopin (1,2-dihydro-ψ,ψ-caroten-1-ol) is a carotenoid. It is a major carotenoid of phototropic bacteria such as "Rhodomicrobium vannielii" and "Rhodopseudomonas acidophila" strain 7050. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39161330 |
Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi Throughout human history, fungi have been utilized as a source of food and harnessed to ferment and preserve foods and beverages. In the 20th century, humans have learned to harness fungi to protect human health (antibiotics, anti-cholesterol statins, and immunosuppressive agents), w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39169481 |
Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi solani", "Aspergillus niger", "A. flavus", "A. fumigatus", "A. clavatus", "Pleurotus ostreatus", "Cladosporium cladosporioides", "Penicillium brevicompactum", "P. fellutanum", an endophytic "Rhizoctonia" sp., "Epicoccum nigrum", "Chrysosporium tropicum", and "Phoma glomerata", while ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39169481 |
Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi The fungal hyphae are removed from the growth media, washed with distilled water to remove the growth media, placed in distilled water and incubated on shake culture for 24 to 48 hours. The fungal hyphae are separated from the supernatant, and an aliquot of the supernatant is added t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39169481 |
Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi For externally synthesized silver nanoparticles the silver ion solution generally becomes brownish in color, but this browning reaction may be absent. For fungi that synthesize intracellular silver nanoparticles, the hyphae darken to a brownish color while the solution remains clear.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39169481 |
Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi UV-Vis absorption peaks for silver, gold, and cadmium sulfide nanoparticles can vary depending on particle size: 25-50 nm silver particles peak ca. 415 nm, gold nanoparticles 30-40 nm peak ca. 450 nm, while a cadmium sulfide absorption edge ca. 450 is indicative of quantum size parti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39169481 |
Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi Cadmium sulfide nanoparticle synthesis by yeast involves sequestration of Cd by glutathione-related peptides followed by reduction within the cell. Ahmad et al. (2002) reported that cadmium sulfide nanoparticle synthesis by "Fusarium oxysporum" was based on a sulfate reductase (enzym... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39169481 |
Salvador Imperatore Marcone (born 11 March 1950) is a Chilean former football referee. He officiated the opening match at the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup, as well as the semi final between the United States and Germany. He was later on call as a reserve official for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Imperatore also refereed at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39178279 |
Magnetic spin vortex disc Magnetic material synthesis and characterization technology continue to improve, allowing for the production of various shapes, sizes, and compositions of magnetic material to be studied and tuned for improved properties. One of the places which has seen great advancement is in the synthesis o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39179456 |
Early Japanese iron-working techniques Blast furnaces are thought by many scholars to have developed independently in Western Europe and China, albeit many centuries earlier in the latter. The blast furnace was essential to the development of steel and cast iron, as it allowed much higher temperatures to be reached tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39181486 |
Early Japanese iron-working techniques Therefore, different types of iron could be found at different heights inside the furnace, ranging from wrought iron at the top of the tatara (furthest from the heat, lowest temperature), to cast iron towards the middle, and finally steel towards the bottom (with varying degrees o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39181486 |
Early Japanese iron-working techniques We can, however, conclude that the Japanese bloomery with its linear design, (in contrast to circular European blast furnaces) certainly resembles many contemporary South Asian designs. The etymology of “tatara” is not Japanese in its origin, which supports the theory that this te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39181486 |
Early Japanese iron-working techniques Given these environmental constraints, the most effective solution was to combine certain types of blooms, and through trial-and-error, early sword smiths were able to determine that the most effective combinations of blooms (for swords) were those at the bottom of the tatara. Gra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39181486 |
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a regulatory cytosolic enzyme present in almost every cell. sAC is a source of cyclic adenosine 3’,5’ monophosphate (cAMP) – a second messenger that mediates cell growth and differentiation in organisms from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. sAC differentiates from the transmembrane adeny... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39192470 |
Soluble adenylyl cyclase Crystal structures of this sAC variant comprising only the catalytic core, in apo form and in as complex with various substrate analogs, products, and regulators, reveal a generic Class III AC architecture with sAC-specific features. The structurally related domains C1 and C2 form the typical p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39192470 |
Soluble adenylyl cyclase The change in conformation from open to close state induces esterification of the α-phosphate with the ribose in adenosine and the release of the β- and γ-phosphates, this leads to cyclizing. Hydrogencarbonate stimulates the enzyme’s V by promoting the allosteric change that leads to active sit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39192470 |
Soluble adenylyl cyclase Bone density experiments in mouse calvaria cultured indicates that HCO-sensing sAC is a physiological appropriate regulator of bone formation and/or reabsorption. sAC activation by bicarbonate necessary for motility and other aspects of capacitation in the spermatozoa of mammals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39192470 |
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy is one of the two branches of extractive metallurgy which pertains to the processes of reducing valuable, non-iron metals from ores or raw material. Metals like zinc, copper, lead, aluminium as well as rare and noble metals are of particular interest in this field, while the more commo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39197996 |
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy Another major difference in non-ferrous extraction is the greater emphasis on minimizing metal losses in slag. This is widely due to the exceptional scarcity and economic value of certain non-ferrous metals which are, inevitably, discarded during the extraction process to some extent. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39197996 |
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy Some scholars believe that extractive metallurgy may have been simultaneously or independently discovered in several parts of the world. The earliest known use of pyrometallurgical extraction of copper occurred in Belovode, eastern Serbia, from the late sixth to early fifth millennium ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39197996 |
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy The metals are then melted at high temperature ( greater than 1100 °C) in the crucible while air is blown over the molten metal (cupellation). Finally, lead is oxidized to form lead monoxide (PbO) or is absorbed into the walls of the crucible, leaving the refined silver behind. The sil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39197996 |
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy The vessel is then capped and heated for several hours until the chlorides bind with the silver, creating silver chloride (AgCl). Finally, the silver chloride powder is then removed and smelted to recover the silver, while the pure gold remains intact. During the Song Dynasty, Chinese ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39197996 |
Timir Datta is an Indian-American physicist specializing in high transition temperature superconductors and a professor of physics in the department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of South Carolina, in Columbia, South Carolina. Datta grew up in India along with elder brother Jyotirmoy Datta a noted journali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39198217 |
Timir Datta He collaborated with several laboratories involved with the early discoveries of high temperature superconductivity, especially the team at NRL, led by Donald U Gubser and Stuart Wolf. This research group at USC was the also first to observe (i) bulk Meissner effect in Tl-copper oxides and thus confirm the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39198217 |
Timir Datta According to a leaked document from the Office of Technology Transfer at the University of South Carolina and confirmed to "Wired" reporter Charles Platt in 1998, the device would create a "force beam" in any desired direction and the university planned to patent and license this device. Neither information... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39198217 |
Zircotec is a high temperature coating and heat barrier manufacturer, based in Abingdon near Oxford, England. It uses plasma-sprayed ceramic materials to provide thermal and abrasive resistance to components - with a focus on automotive exhaust systems. Its best-known products include coloured thermal barrier coatings ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39200647 |
Zircotec Later that year, high performance sportscar manufacturer Koenigsegg announced it would be using coatings on its CCX supercar. Additionally, in October, became involved in the world land speed steam-car record attempt, supplying its coatings for thermal protection of sensitive components - this attempt was succ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39200647 |
Zircotec When used on an automotive exhaust system, exhaust skin temperature and under-bonnet temperature have been reduced by 33% and 50 °C, respectively. The range contains fifteen individual coatings - one white coating (Performance White), and fourteen coloured coatings (Performance Colours). The Performance Colour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39200647 |
Zircotec The heat-shield is useful at temperatures up to 500 °C. offers a plasma-sprayed ceramic coating specifically for composite materials. Commonly used on CFRP, this coating protects against heat, fire and abrasion. manufactures a number of different industrial ceramic components. Some examples are as follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39200647 |
American Brass Superfund site The is a former industrial site, located in Henry County, Alabama. American Brass Inc. (ABI) operated a brass smelter and foundry facility on the site between 1978-1992. Prior to its closure in December 1992, the company had been cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39207332 |
C15H20O5 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 280.316 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39207575 |
Contactin Contactins are a subgroup of molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that are expressed exclusively in the nervous system. These proteins are attached to the neuronal membrane by a GPI-anchor. The subgroup consists of six members now referred to as contactin 1-6, but historically they had differ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39208322 |
Freeze-casting Freeze-casting, also frequently referred to as "ice-templating", is a technique that exploits the highly anisotropic solidification behavior of a solvent (generally water) in a well-dispersed slurry to template controllably a directionally porous ceramic. By subjecting an aqueous slurry to a directional ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting It was not until 2001, when Fukasawa et al. created directionally porous alumina castings, that the idea of using freeze-casting as a means of creating novel porous structures really took hold. Since that time, research has grown considerably with hundreds of papers coming out within the last decade. Bec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting It is this type of solidification that is targeted for porous materials made by freeze-casting. The third possibility for a freeze-cast structure occurs when particles are given insufficient time to segregate from the suspension, resulting in complete encapsulation of the particles within the ice front. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting At this speed the particle will be engulfed. Most authors express v as a function of particle size where formula_2. The transition from a porous R (lamellar) morphology to one where the majority of particles are entrapped occurs at "v", which was defined by Deville et al. to be: formula_3 where "a" is th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting Assuming, however, that we are operating at speeds below v and above those which produce a planar front, we will achieve some cellular structure with both ice-crystals and walls composed of packed ceramic particles. The morphology of this structure is tied to some variables, but the most influential is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting This unstable region eventually resulted in perturbations, breaking the planar front into a columnar ice front, a phenomenon better known as a Mullins-Serkerka instability. After the breakdown, the ice crystals grow along the temperature gradient, pushing ceramic particles from the liquid phase aside so ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting There are colonies of similarly aligned ice crystals growing throughout the suspension. There are fine lamellae of aligned z-crystals growing with their basal planes aligned with the thermal gradient. The r-crystals appear in this cross-section as platelets but in actuality, they are most similar to colu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting The thermal resistance of the ceramic is significantly smaller than that of the ice however, so the apparent resistance can be expressed as the lower R. If the ice crystals are aligned perpendicular to the temperature gradient (r-crystals), they can be approximated as two resistor elements in series. For... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting Researchers determined that this particular point marks the position where the suspension is in an equilibrium state (i.e. freezing temperature and suspension temperature are equal). We can say then that the size of the initial and transition zones are controlled by the extent of supercooling beyond the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting 14): formula_4 Both "A" and "υ" are used as fitting parameters as currently there is no way of calculating them from first principles, although it is generally believed that "A" is related to slurry parameters like viscosity and solid loading while "n" is influenced by particle characteristics. There are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting Since microstructural size "(λ)" is inversely related to the velocity of the freezing front, faster speeds lead to finer structures, while slower speeds produce a coarse microstructure. Controlling the solidification velocity is, therefore, crucial to being able to control the microstructure. Additives c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting When this occurs, more time is given for the anisotropic ice crystals to grow perpendicularly to the freezing direction (c-axis) resulting in a structure with ice lamellae that increase in thickness along the length of the sample. To ensure highly anisotropic, yet predictable solidification behavior with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting Consequently, if the exact relationship between the pore diameter and ice-front velocity is known, an exact control over the pore diameter can be achieved. Even if the temperature gradient within the slurry is perfectly vertical, it is common to see tilting or curvature of the lamellae as they grow throu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting For example, researchers have shown that freezing velocity has a marked effect on wall roughness. Faster freezing rates produce rougher walls since particles are given insufficient time to rearrange. This could be of use when developing permeable gas transfer membranes where tortuosity and roughness coul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting At a certain point nearing the end of the transition zone, the particle-rich phase fraction rises sharply since z-crystals are less efficient at packing particles than r-crystals. The apex of this curve marks the point where only z-crystals are present (SSZ). During steady-state growth, after the maximum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting In this situation, the suspension is always warmer than the solidified portion. At fast solidification speeds, approaching VC, the concentration, and concentration gradient at the solid-liquid interface increases because particles cannot redistribute soon enough. When it has built up enough, the freezing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
Freeze-casting This technique works by providing lower energy nucleation sites to control the initial crystal growth and arrangement. The orientation of ice crystals can also be affected by applied electromagnetic fields as was demonstrated in 2010 by Tang et al. Using specialized setups, researchers have been able to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39211211 |
ISASMELT The process is an energy-efficient smelting process that was jointly developed from the 1970s to the 1990s by Mount Isa Mines Limited (a subsidiary of MIM Holdings Limited and now part of Glencore plc) and the Australian government’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ("CSIRO"). It ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT These feed materials react with the oxygen in the injected gas, resulting in an intensive reaction in a small volume (relative to other smelting technologies). lances contain one or more devices called "swirlers" that cause the injected gas to spin within the lance, forcing it against the lance wall, cooling i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT This can be either continuous removal or in batches, with the tap holes being blocked with clay at the end of a tap, and then reopened by drilling or with a thermic lance when it is time for the next tap. The products are allowed to separate in a settling vessel, such as a rotary holding furnace or an electric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT The Mitsubishi copper smelting process is one alternative approach, wherein lances are used in a furnace, but they are not submerged into the bath. Instead, they blow oxygen-enriched air onto the surface of the slag (top jetting). Similarly, a water-cooled, top-jetting lance was the basis of the LD (Linz-Donaw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT From 1973, the CSIRO scientists began a series of trials using the Sirosmelt lance to recover metals from industrial slags in Australia, including lead softener slag at the Broken Hill Associated Smelters in Port Pirie (1973), tin slag from Associated Tin Smelters in Sydney (1974), copper converter slag at the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT The Aberfoyle work led to the construction and operation in late 1980 of a four t/h tin matte fuming pilot plant at the Western Mining Corporation’s Kalgoorlie Nickel Smelter, located to the south of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. In the early 1970s, the traditional blast furnace and sinter plant technology th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT Following the copper slag trials of 1976–1978, MIM initiated a joint project with the CSIRO in 1978 to investigate the possibility of applying Sirosmelt lances to lead smelting. The work began with computer modelling the equilibrium thermodynamics (1978) and was followed by laboratory bench-scale test work usi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT The high lead slag produced by the continuous smelting of the lead concentrate was subsequently treated in the sinter plant, thus increasing the production of the lead smelter by up to 17%. This gave the operations’ people ownership of the plant and an incentive to make it work, thus ensuring management and ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT A series of process improvements, particularly in the waste gas handling system, resulted in increasing the throughput of the plant from the initial design of 5 t/h to 10 t/h. The pilot plant had treated more than 125,000 t of lead concentrate by April 1989. The two furnaces were also used to develop a process... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT Trying to produce lead bullion in a single furnace with such low concentrate grades would result in excessive fuming of lead oxide with a huge amount of material that would have to be returned to the furnace to recover the lead and, consequently, a higher energy demand as that material had to be reheated to th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT The problem was solved by allowing cool air to mix with the hot waste gas to lower the temperature to a level at which the baghouse could operate. This reduced the plant’s capacity because it was again limited by the volume of gas that could be filtered by the baghouse. The lead demonstration plant was mothbal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT In June 2017, Glencore announced that Nyrstar NV had acquired an Isasmelt licence for its new Ausmelt furnace in Port Pirie. As part of the agreement, Nyrstar engaged training and ramp-up support services for the Ausmelt furnace and blast furnace by personnel from Glencore's Kazzinc operations in Kazakhstan. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT While it was possible to recover the lead from the slag in the furnace by a reduction step, the total throughput of the plant was increased by treating the slag in the short rotary furnace when sufficient quantities of the slag had been generated. The plant was designed to treat 7.7 t/h of battery paste, but r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT The design was based on MIM’s 250 kg/h test work and operating experience with the lead pilot plant. It cost A$11 million and was commissioned in April 1987. The initial capital cost was recovered in the first 14 months of operation. As with the lead pilot plant, the copper demonstration plant was integrated i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT Later, after extensive testing of low-pressure lance designs and trials using oxygen enrichment of the lance air, a 70 t/d oxygen plant and a 5 Nm3/s blower with a discharge pressure of 146 kPag were purchased. The new lance design was capable of operating at pressures below 100 kPag. Using enrichment of the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT 3 m internal diameter) and had a 5.5 Nm3/s blower to provide the lance air. Commissioning of the plant began in September 1991; however, the Radio Hill mine and smelter complex were forced to close by low nickel prices after less than six months, before commissioning was completed. The furnace achieved its des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT was chosen as the preferred technology and a licence agreement was signed with MIM in October 1990. The major factor in the decision to select the technology was the ability to fit it into the existing plant and to maximise the use of existing equipment and infrastructure, while the major disadvantage was seen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT It was designed to treat 104 t/h of copper concentrate, containing 180,000 t/y of copper, and it began operation in August 1992. A significant difference between the Mount Isa copper plant and all the others is that it uses an Ahlstrom Fluxflow waste heat boiler to recover heat from the furnace waste gas. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT Since 1998, the refractory lining lives have exceeded the two-year design life, with lives of the 8th and 9th linings almost reaching three years. The most recent lining lasted for 50 months, with the one before that lasting for 44 months. In the first years of operation at Mount Isa, the throughput of the fur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT As a result, by late 2001 it had achieve a peak rate of 190 t/h of concentrate, and the smelter produced a peak annual total of 240,000 t of anode copper. At that time, the Mount Isa copper smelter, together with its copper refinery in Townsville, was among the lowest cost copper smelters in the world. Lance l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT Since then Sterlite has decided to further expand its copper production by installing a third smelter and new refinery using IsaKidd technology. The new smelter will have a design capacity of 1.36 million t/y of copper concentrate (containing 400,000 t/y of copper), processed through a single furnace. In the 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT The transfer of operating knowledge from MIM to YCC was sufficient for the first furnace refractory lining to last for two years, a marked improvement on the life of the initial lining of other plants. YCC described the modernisation project as "a great success, achieving all that was expected." Energy consump... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT Mopani decided to install a copper plant that could treat 850,000 t/y of copper concentrate, including a purpose-designed electric matte settling furnace to separate the matte and slag and also return slag from the smelter’s Peirce-Smith converters. Before committing to the technology, Mopani considered the fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
ISASMELT 7% of the sulfur dioxide generated in its smelting operations by January 2007. It initially selected flash smelting technology to replace its reverberatory furnaces, at a cost of almost US$1 billion; however, one of the first actions following Grupo México’s acquisition of ASARCO was to review the proposed Ilo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39223191 |
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