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Thermoporometry and cryoporometry Then on re-cooling the equilibrium freezing event can be measured, as the external ice will then grow into the pores. This is in effect an "ice intrusion" measurement (c.f. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry), and as such in part may provide information on pore throat properties. The meltin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30950746 |
Thermoporometry and cryoporometry For the through ink bottle pore, melting is initiated in the outer necks from the thin cylindrical sleeve of permanently unfrozen liquid-like fluid that exists at the pore wall. Once the necks have become molten via the cylindrical sleeve meniscus mechanism, a hemispherical meniscus wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30950746 |
Thermoporometry and cryoporometry Also very useful for studying porous building materials such as wood, cement and concrete. A currently exciting application for NMR Cryoporometry is the measurement of porosity and pore-size distributions, in the study of carbon, charcoal and biochar. Biochar is regarded as an importan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30950746 |
Carbene dimerization is a type of organic reaction in which two carbene or carbenoid precursors react in a formal dimerization to an alkene. This reaction is often considered an unwanted side-reaction but it is also investigated as a synthetic tool. In this reaction type either the two carbenic intermediates react or a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30953451 |
Neutron moisture gauge A neutron moisture meter is a moisture meter utilizing neutron scattering. The meters are most frequently used to measure the water content in soil or rock. The technique is non-destructive, and is sensitive to moisture in the bulk of the target material, not just at the surface. Water, due to it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30953521 |
Peter Rheinstein Peter Howard Rheinstein (born September 7, 1943) is an American physician, lawyer, author, and administrator (both private and governmental). He was an official of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 1974-1999. Rheinstein, a General Motors Scholar, received a B.A. with high honors from Michigan Stat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30954342 |
Peter Rheinstein , Baltimore. Among other projects, Cell Works wanted to develop a blood test for anthrax, similar to a system for cancer cells it produced. "It's something that companies like ours can incorporate into our diagnostic technology," Rheinstein told the Washington Times. Biodefense projects "create new tec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30954342 |
C1QL1 The complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 1 (or C1QL1) is encoded by a gene located at chromosome 17q21.31. It is a secreted protein and is 258 amino acids in length. The protein is widely expressed but its expression is highest in the brain and may also be involved in regulation of motor control. The pre-m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30960309 |
C1QL1 The candidate editing sites were determined experimentally by comparison of cDNA sequences and genomically encoded DNA from the same individual to avoid single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two of the three editing sites found in mouse gene were found in the human transcript. However, only the Q/R site was det... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30960309 |
C1QL1 Even though the ECS is not conserved in non-mammals, an alternative ECS has been predicted in Zebrafish with a similar structure but in a different location. The Ecs is found downstram of the editing sites. These predicted editing sites result in the translation of an Arginine instead of a Glutamine at the Q/R si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30960309 |
Chemotronics is an intersection field of chemistry (especially electrochemistry) and electronics dealing with the design of electrochemical and optical chemical sensors. One of pioneers of this field was Alexander Frumkin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30961750 |
Human-transcriptome database for alternative splicing The Human-transcriptome DataBase for Alternative Splicing (H-DBAS) is a database of alternatively spliced human transcripts based on H-Invitational. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30962412 |
Ion semiconductor sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing based on the detection of hydrogen ions that are released during the polymerization of DNA. This is a method of "sequencing by synthesis", during which a complementary strand is built based on the sequence of a template strand. A microwell containing a template... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30965725 |
Ion semiconductor sequencing Roche's 454 Life Sciences is partnering with DNA Electronics on the development of a long-read, high-density semiconductor sequencing platform using this technology. In nature, the incorporation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) into a growing DNA strand involves the formation of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30965725 |
Ion semiconductor sequencing Each chip contains an array of microwells with corresponding ISFET detectors. Each released hydrogen ion then triggers the ISFET ion sensor. The series of electrical pulses transmitted from the chip to a computer is translated into a DNA sequence, with no intermediate signal conversion requ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30965725 |
Ion semiconductor sequencing , the developer of the technology, claims that each incorporation measurement takes 4 seconds and each run takes about one hour, during which 100-200 nucleotides are sequenced. If the semiconductor chips are improved (as predicted by Moore’s law), the number of reads per chip (and therefore... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30965725 |
Ion semiconductor sequencing Longer read lengths are beneficial for "de novo" genome assembly. Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencers produce an average read length of approximately 400 nucleotides per read. The throughput is currently lower than that of other high-throughput sequencing technologies, although the develop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30965725 |
Specim Specim, Spectral Imaging Ltd is a European technology firm headquartered in Oulu, Finland. manufactures and sells imaging spectrographs, hyperspectral cameras and systems. Specim's airborne AISA hyperspectral cameras have been utilized for example in monitoring the environmental effects of major industrial catas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30968333 |
Phaseolin may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30971683 |
C20H18O4 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30971879 |
Bloch wave – MoM method Bloch wave – MoM is a first principles technique for determining the photonic band structure of triply-periodic electromagnetic media such as photonic crystals. It is based on the 3-dimensional spectral domain method (Kastner [1987]), specialized to triply-periodic media. This technique uses the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30975689 |
Bloch wave – MoM method The Bloch wave - MoM approach will be illustrated here for the case of perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) structures admitting only electric current sources, J. However, it can also be readily expanded to dielectric structures, using the well-known interior and exterior equivalent problems ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30975689 |
Bloch wave – MoM method 2) comes originally from the time derivative in Maxwell's equations and is the "free space" propagation constant (actually, the propagation constant of whatever dielectric medium the metallic scatterers are embedded in), proportional to frequency as in equation (1.3). On the other hand, "k" in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30975689 |
Bloch wave – MoM method The wave numbers α, β and γ satisfy the relations: formula_12 and outside of these ranges, the bands are periodic. The Bloch waves are periodic functions of space, with periods "l", "l", "l" and the bands are periodic functions of wavenumber, with periods: formula_13, formula_14 and formula_15 S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30975689 |
Bloch wave – MoM method As is usual in the method of moments, the source currents are now expanded in terms of a sum over some known set of basis functions with unknown weighting coefficients "J" : Different structures will have different sets of basis functions for representing the currents on the elements and as in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30975689 |
Bloch wave – MoM method This process is wholly analogous to that used to decompose a periodic function into its Fourier sine & cosine components, the only difference being that in this case the basis functions are not necessarily orthogonal, merely linearly independent. This matrix equation is easy to implement and req... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30975689 |
Bloch wave – MoM method To compute bands of the crystal (i.e. "k"-"k" diagrams), successive values of frequency ("k") are tried - in conjunction with pre-selected values of propagation constant ("k") and propagation direction (θ & φ) - until a combination is found which drives the determinant of the matrix to zero. Equ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30975689 |
Bloch wave – MoM method As a matter of computational convenience, whenever the matrix is larger than 2x2 it's vastly more efficient to compute the determinant either by reducing the matrix to upper triangular form using QR decomposition or to compute the determinant by reducing to echelon form using Gaussian eliminatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30975689 |
Sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX) is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula CHCHOCSNa. It is a pale yellow powder, which is usually obtained as the dihydrate. is used in the mining industry as a flotation agent. A closely related potassium ethyl xanthate (KEX) is obtained as the anhydrous salt. As with most xanth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30977268 |
Sodium ethyl xanthate Other applications include defoliant, herbicide and an additive to rubber to protect it against oxygen and ozone. The mechanism of flotation enhancement is as follows. The polar part of xanthate molecule attaches to the ore particles with the non-polar hydrocarbon part sticking out and forming a h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30977268 |
Sodium ethyl xanthate Median lethal dose for (male albino mice, oral, 10% solution at pH~11) is 730 mg/kg of body weight, with most deaths occurring in the first day. The most affected organs were the central nervous system, liver and spleen. Since 1993, sodium ethyl xanthate is classified as a Priority Existing Chemic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30977268 |
Thallous acetate is a salt of thallium and acetate with the chemical formula TlCHCOO. It is used in microbiology as a selective growth medium. It is poisonous. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30983523 |
TRH stimulation test Prior to the availability of sensitive TSH assays, thyrotropin releasing hormone or TRH stimulation tests were relied upon for confirming and assessing the degree of suppression in suspected hyperthyroidism. Typically, this stimulation test involves determining basal TSH levels and levels 15 to 30 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22836654 |
TRH stimulation test In primary hyperthyroidism TSH are low and TRH administration induces little or no change in TSH levels • In hypothyroidism due to end organ failure, administration of TRH produces a prompt increase in TSH • In hypothyroidism due to pituitary disease (secondary hypothyroidism)administration of TRH ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22836654 |
TRH stimulation test If the increase in serum TSH level following TRH administration is absent or very slight, then the cause of the hypothyroidism is in the anterior pituitary gland, i.e. the pituitary is not secreting TSH. Therefore, even when TRH is given exogenously, TSH levels do not rise as the pituitary is disea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22836654 |
Slater integrals In mathematics and mathematical physics, are certain integrals of products of three spherical harmonics. They occur naturally when applying an orthonormal basis of functions on the unit sphere that transform in a particular way under rotations in three dimensions. Such integrals are particularly useful... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22843059 |
Blue Obelisk is an informal group of chemists who promote open data, open source, and open standards; it was initiated by Peter Murray-Rust and others in 2005. Multiple open source cheminformatics projects associate themselves with the Blue Obelisk, among which, in alphabetical order, Avogadro, Bioclipse, cclib, Chemis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22844503 |
Lunar regolith simulant A lunar regolith simulant is a terrestrial material synthesized in order to approximate the chemical, mechanical, or engineering properties of, and the mineralogy and particle size distributions of, lunar regolith. Lunar regolith simulants are used by researchers who wish to research the materia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22861361 |
Lunar regolith simulant Many of these simulants were criticized by prominent lunar scientist Larry Taylor for a lack of quality control and wasted money on features like nanophase iron that had no documented purpose. JSC-1 (Johnson Space Center Number One) was a lunar regolith simulant that was developed in 1994 by NAS... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22861361 |
Lunar regolith simulant Both of these simulants are sourced mostly from rare anorthosite deposits on the Earth. For NU-LHT the anorthosite came from the Stillwater complex, and for OB-1 it came from the Shawmere Anorthosite in Ontario. Neither of these simulants were widely distributed. Most of the previously developed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22861361 |
Red heat The practice of using colours to determine the temperature of a piece of (usually) ferrous metal comes from blacksmithing. Long before thermometers were widely available it was necessary to know what state the metal was in for heat treating it and the only way to do this was to heat it up to a colour which was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22862812 |
Composite fermion A composite fermion is the topological bound state of an electron and an even number of quantized vortices, sometimes visually pictured as the bound state of an electron and, attached, an even number of magnetic flux quanta. Composite fermions were originally envisioned in the context of the fractiona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22863481 |
Composite fermion The magnetic field seen by composite fermions is given by where formula_2 is the external magnetic field, formula_3 is the number of vortices bound to composite fermion (also called the vorticity or the vortex charge of the composite fermion), formula_4 is the particle density in two dimensions, and f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22863481 |
Composite fermion One defines the filling factor for composite fermions as formula_13 This gives the following relation between the electron and composite fermion filling factors The minus sign occurs when the effective magnetic field is antiparallel to the applied magnetic field, which happens when the geometric phase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22863481 |
Composite fermion The radius of the cyclotron orbits is consistent with the effective magnetic field formula_21 and is sometimes an order of magnitude or more larger than the radius of the cyclotron orbit of an electron at the externally applied magnetic field formula_15. Also, the observed direction of trajectory is o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22863481 |
Composite fermion It results in fractionally quantized Hall plateaus at with formula_36 given by above quantized values. These sequences terminate at the composite fermion Fermi sea. Note that the fractions have odd denominators, which follows from the even vorticity of composite fermions. The above sequences account f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22863481 |
Composite fermion At high magnetic fields the spin of composite fermions is frozen, but it is observable at relatively low magnetic fields. The fan diagram of the composite fermion Landau levels has been determined by transport, and shows both spin-up and spin-down composite fermion Landau levels. The fractional quantu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22863481 |
Composite fermion The following trial wave functions embody the composite fermion physics: formula_39 Here formula_40 is the wave function of interacting electrons at filling factor formula_16; formula_42 is the wave function for weakly interacting electrons at formula_18; formula_44 is the number of electrons or compo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22863481 |
Composite fermion Another formulation of the composite fermion physics is through a Chern–Simons field theory, wherein flux quanta are attached to electrons by a singular gauge transformation. At the mean field approximation the physics of free fermions in an effective field is recovered. Perturbation theory at the lev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22863481 |
Mallory metal is proprietary name for an alloy of tungsten, with other metallic elements added to improve machining. Its primary use is as a balance weight which is added to the crankshaft of an automotive engine, where the existing counterweight is not large enough to compensate for the weight of the reciprocating and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22877891 |
Allotropes of boron Boron can be prepared in several crystalline and amorphous forms. Well known crystalline forms are α-rhombohedral, β-rhombohedral, and β-tetragonal. In special circumstances, boron can also be synthesized in the form of its α-tetragonal and γ-orthorhombic allotropes. Two amorphous forms, one a finel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22878312 |
Allotropes of boron Very pure boron, for use in semiconductor industry, is produced by the decomposition of diborane at high temperatures, followed by purification via zone melting or the Czochralski process. Even more difficult to prepare are single crystals of pure boron phases, due to polymorphism and the tendency o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22878312 |
Allotropes of boron For a long time, it was unclear whether the α or β phase is most stable at ambient conditions; however, gradually a consensus was reached that the β phase is the most thermodynamically stable allotrope. The β phase was produced in 1960 by hydrogen reduction of BBr on hot tungsten, rhenium or tantalu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22878312 |
Allotropes of boron While this allotrope is occasionally mentioned in the literature, no subsequent work appears to have been published either confirming or discrediting its existence. Donohue (1982) commented that the number of atoms in the unit cell did not appear to be icosahedrally related (the icosahedron being a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22878312 |
Allotropes of boron Annealing at 1000 °C converts amorphous boron to β-rhombohedral boron. Amorphous boron nanowires (30–60 nm thick) or fibers can be produced by magnetron sputtering and laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition, respectively; and they also convert to β-rhombohedral boron nanowires upon annealing at 10... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22878312 |
Electron-longitudinal acoustic phonon interaction The electron-LA phonon interaction is an interaction that can take place between an electron and a longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonon in a material such as a semiconductor. The equations of motion of the atoms of mass M which locates in the periodic lattice is where form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22883373 |
Docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA) is an endogenous ethanolamide that has been shown to act on the cannabinoid (CB) receptor. DEA is similar in structure to anandamide (AEA, a recognized endogenous ligand for the CB receptor), containing docosatetraenoic acid in place of arachidonic acid. While DEA has been shown to bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22884190 |
Exchange current density In electrochemistry, exchange current density is a parameter used in the Tafel equation, Butler–Volmer equation and other electrochemical kinetics expressions. The Tafel equation describes the dependence of current for an electrolytic process to overpotential. The exchange current density is th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22888578 |
Exchange current density Owing to this difference, mercury is preferred electrode material at reducing (cathodic) potentials in aqueous solution. The exchange current density depends critically on the nature of the electrode, not only its structure, but also physical parameters such as surface roughness. Of course, fac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22888578 |
Facility for Rare Isotope Beams The Facility for Rare Isotopes Beams (FRIB) will be a new scientific accelerator facility for nuclear science, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC), Michigan State University (MSU), and the State of Michigan. Under construction on the MSU campus and to be op... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22897257 |
Facility for Rare Isotope Beams More than 20 working groups specializing in experimental equipment and scientific topics have been organized through the FRIB Users Organization. DOE-SC determined that the establishment of a (FRIB) is a high priority for the future of U.S. nuclear science research. It is the first recom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22897257 |
Facility for Rare Isotope Beams On February 25, 2014 the board of the Michigan Strategic Fund met at Michigan State University and approved nearly $91 million to support the construction of FRIB. FRIB marked the official start of civil construction with a groundbreaking ceremony March 17, 2014. In attendance were repre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22897257 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures As the devices continue to shrink further into the sub-100 nm range following the trend predicted by Moore’s law, the topic of thermal properties and transport in such nanoscale devices becomes increasingly important. Display of great potential by nanostructures for thermoelectric appli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures When formula_1 is larger than the phonon mean free path, Umklapp scattering process limits thermal conductivity (regime of diffusive thermal conductivity). When formula_1 is comparable to or smaller than the mean free path (which is of the order 1 µm for carbon nanostructures), the cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures " has shown that the one-dimensional cross-over for 20 nm Si nanowire occurs around 8K, while the phenomenon was observed for temperature values greater than 20K. Therefore, the reason of such behaviour is not in the confinement experienced by phonons so that three-dimensional structure... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures Many models of phonon thermal transport ignores the effects of transverse acoustic phonons (TA) at high frequency due to their small group velocity. (Optical phonon contributions are also ignored for the same reason.) However, upper branch of TA phonons have non-zero group velocity at t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures Assuming the phonon transport is diffusive and Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is valid, nanowire thermal conductance "G(T)" can be defined as: where the variable α represents discrete quantum numbers associated with sub-bands found in one-dimensional phonon dispersion relations, "f"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures The study in has shown that in such cases, the phonon-boundary scattering is dependent on frequency. The new mean free path is then should be used: Here, "l" is the mean free path (same as Λ). The parameter "h" is length scale associated with the disordered region, "d" is the diameter, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures Thermal conductivity in CNT is mainly due to phonons rather than electrons so the Wiedemann–Franz law is not applicable. In general, the thermal conductivity is a tensor quality, but for this discussion, it is only important to consider the diagonal elements: where C is the specific hea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures For CNT, represented as 1-D ballistic electronic channel, the electronic conductance is quantized, with a universal value of Similarly, for a single ballistic 1-D channel, the thermal conductance is independent of materials parameters, and there exists a quantum of thermal conductance, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures In low-dimensional systems, it is difficult to conserve both energy and momentum for Umklapp processes, and so it may be possible that Umklapp scattering is suppressed in nanotubes relative to 2-D or 3-D forms of carbon. Berber "et al." have calculated the phonon thermal conductivity of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures In a (10,10) tube, for instance, the six phonon bands (three acoustic and three optical) of the graphene sheet become 66 separate 1-D subbands. A direct result of this folding is that the nanotube density of states has a number of sharp peaks due to 1-D van Hove singularities, which are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures 05 µm to 10 µm above a buried silicon dioxide layer are increasingly popular for semiconductor devices due to the increased dielectric isolation associated with SOI/ SOI wafers contain a thin-layer of silicon on an oxide layer and a thin-film of single-crystal silicon, which reduces the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures A simple estimate of heat conduction of superlattices is: where "C" and "C" are the corresponding heat capacity of film1 and film2 respectively, "v" and "v" are the acoustic propagation velocities in film1 and film2, and "d1" and "d2" are the thicknesses of film1 and film2. This model n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures A more formal approach to estimating the scattering rate is: where "v" is the dimensionless grain-boundary scattering strength, defined as Here formula_22 is the cross-section of a grain-boundary area, and "ν" is the density of the grain boundary area. There are two approaches to experi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Thermodynamics of nanostructures Laser heating is advantageous because the energy delivered to the film can be precisely controlled; furthermore, the short heating duration decouples the thermal conductivity of the thin film from the substrate . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22898551 |
Aminoisobutyric acid may refer to either of two isomeric chemical compounds: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22905329 |
Volute (pump) A volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port. The volute of a centrifugal pump is the casing that receives the fluid being pumped by the impeller, maintaining the velocity of the fluid through to the diffuser. As liquid exits the impeller it has high kinetic energ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22917401 |
Volute (pump) In a split volute or double volute pump, the path along the volute is partitioned, providing two distinct discharge paths. The streams start out 180 degrees from each other, and merge by the time they reach the discharge port. This arrangement helps to balance the radial force on the bearings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22917401 |
Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (known as Ruppert-Prakash reagent, TMSCF) is an organosilicon compound with the formula CFSi(CH). It is a colorless liquid. The compound is a reagent used in organic chemistry for the introduction of the trifluoromethyl group. The compound was first prepared in 1984 by Ingo Ruppert and fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22919086 |
Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane This -ate complex is unable to react directly with the carbonyl, resulting in powerful inhibition of the chain reaction by the reagent. This inhibitory process is common to all anion-initiated reactions of the reagent, with the identity of the counter-cation (M) playing a major role in co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22919086 |
MTBE controversy Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive used as an oxygenate and to raise the octane number. Its use has declined in the United States in response to environmental and health concerns. It has polluted groundwater due to MTBE-containing gasoline being spilled or leaked at gas stations. MTB... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22928693 |
MTBE controversy In 2005, an Exxon-Mobil station in Fallston, Maryland, was found to be leaking MTBE into the local wells. The discovery resulted in the station being abruptly closed. Exxon-Mobil referred to the closure as a "business decision". Following the closure, MTBE levels in the area dropped. In September 2004,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22928693 |
MTBE controversy In September 2008, Exxon-Mobil settled the case with the state by agreeing to pay a $4 million fine, and face an additional $1 million in penalties annually if they did not work to clean up the spill. In March 2009, a jury awarded $150 million in damages to some of the area's residents. The jury did no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22928693 |
MTBE controversy When dissolved in groundwater, MTBE will lead the contaminant plume with the remaining components such as benzene and toluene following. Thus the discovery of MTBE in public groundwater wells indicates that the contaminant source was a gasoline release. Its criticism and subsequent decreased usage, som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22928693 |
MTBE controversy The lack of MTBE liability protection in the law also prompted refiners to substitute ethanol for MTBE as a gasoline additive. EPA issued a drinking water health advisory for MTBE, a guidance document for water utilities and the public, in 1997. The Agency first listed MTBE in 1998 as a candidate for d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22928693 |
Paraho process The is an above ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction. The name "Paraho" is delivered from the words ""para homem"", which means in Portuguese "for mankind". The was invented by John B. Jones, Jr., later president of the Paraho Development Corporation, and developed by Development Engineer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22929865 |
Paraho process Shale oil retorting started in 1974 when two operational retorts – pilot plant and semiworks – were put into operation. The semiworks unit achieved a maximum throughput capacity of 290 tons (263 tonnes) of raw oil shale per day. In March 1976, the Paraho Development Corporation tested a modification of i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22929865 |
Paraho process In 1982, Paraho’s semi-works plant was torn down when the Anvil Points station was decommissioned, but the pilot plant was moved to an adjacent plot of private land. In 1987, Paraho reorganized as New Paraho and began production of SOMAT asphalt additive used in test strips in 5 States. In 1991, New PARA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22929865 |
Paraho process The oil shale is heated by the rising combustion gases from the lower part of the retort and the kerogen in the shale decomposes at about to oil vapour, shale oil gas and spent shale. Heat for pyrolysis comes from the combustion of char in the spent shale. The combustion takes place where air is injected... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22929865 |
Paraho process The Paraho Indirect retort configuration is similar to the Paraho Direct except that a part of the gas from the compressor is heated to between to in a separate furnace and injected into the retort instead of air. No combustion occurs in the Paraho Indirect retort itself. As a result, the fuel gas from t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22929865 |
Diboride may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22930206 |
Hose barb Hose barbs are cylindrical pieces or parts for attaching and securing of hoses (tubing). The barb-like rings on the cylindrical piece allow for an easy push-connection of flexible-plastic or rubber tubing that is not so easily disconnected. Hose barbs are used in machine perfusion and chemistry laboratory equ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22943237 |
Adolf Martin Pleischl (born 10 October 1787, in Hossenreith, Bohemia; died 31 July 1867, in Dorf an der Enns) was a chemist and medical doctor. In 1815 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Prague, where he later served as a professor of general and pharmaceutical chemistry (1821–38). At Prague he is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22948278 |
Adolf Martin Pleischl His daughter Mary, was married to physician Johann von Oppolzer (1808-1871). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22948278 |
Magnetation (iron ore) Magnetation is the processing of iron ore tailings, the waste product of iron ore mines, to recover hematite. Crushed mine tailings are mixed with water to create a slurry; the slurry is then pumped through magnetic separation chambers to extract hematite. Commercial interest in this process stem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22956808 |
William J. A. Bailey William John Aloysius Bailey (May 25, 1884 – May 17, 1949) was an American patent medicine inventor and salesman. A Harvard University dropout, Bailey falsely claimed to be a doctor of medicine and promoted the use of radioactive radium as a cure for coughs, flu, and other common ailments. Although... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22964649 |
William J. A. Bailey Radithor was advertised as "A Cure for the Living Dead" as well as "Perpetual Sunshine" In fact, Radithor was a lethal mixture, and was responsible for the death of Eben Byers in 1932, who died of radiation-induced cancer after drinking about 1,400 bottles of Radithor. Bailey also invented the Radi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22964649 |
C10H14 The molecular formula CH may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22965315 |
Nitrosonium octafluoroxenate(VI) is a chemical compound of xenon with nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine, having formula . It is an ionic compound containing well-separated nitrosonium cations (NO) and octafluoroxenate(VI) anions (). The molecular geometry of the octafluoroxenate(VI) ion is square antiprismatic, having Xe–... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22965963 |
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