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Bismuth pentafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula BiF. It is a white solid that is highly reactive. The compound is of interest to researchers but not of particular value. BiF is polymeric and consists of linear chains of "trans"-bridged corner sharing BiF octahedra. This is the same structure as "α"-UF. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23089402 |
Europium(III) oxide (EuO), is a chemical compound of europium and oxygen. It is widely used as a red or blue phosphor in television sets and fluorescent lamps, and as an activator for yttrium-based phosphors. It is also an agent for the manufacture of fluorescent glass. Europium fluorescence is used in the anti-counter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23090487 |
Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a scalar value between zero and one that describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. A value of zero means that diffusion is isotropic, i.e. it is unrestricted (or equally restricted) in all directions. A value of one means that diffusion occurs only along one axis and is fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23092863 |
Fractional anisotropy This can be visualized with an ellipsoid, which is defined by the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of D. The FA of a sphere is "0" since the diffusion is isotropic, and there is equal probability of diffusion in all directions. The eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the Diffusion Tensor give a complete r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23092863 |
Fractional anisotropy Liquid crystals can also exhibit anisotropic diffusion because the needle or plate-like shapes of their molecules affect how they slide over one another. When the FA is 0 the tensor nature of D is often ignored, and it is called the diffusion constant. A drawback of the Diffusion Tensor model is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23092863 |
Air separation An air separation plant separates atmospheric air into its primary components, typically nitrogen and oxygen, and sometimes also argon and other rare inert gases. The most common method for air separation is fractional distillation. Cryogenic air separation units (ASUs) are built to provide nitrogen or o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23096495 |
Air separation To achieve the low distillation temperatures an air separation unit requires a refrigeration cycle that operates by means of the Joule–Thomson effect, and the cold equipment has to be kept within an insulated enclosure (commonly called a "cold box"). The cooling of the gases requires a large amount of en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23096495 |
Air separation For example, a number of approaches are being explored for oxygen generation. Polymeric membranes operating at ambient or warm temperatures, for example, may be able to produce oxygen-enriched air (25-50% oxygen). Ceramic membranes can provide high-purity oxygen (90% or more) but require higher temperatu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23096495 |
Air separation Inerting with nitrogen storage tanks of ships and tanks for petroleum products, or for protecting edible oil products from oxidation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23096495 |
Enhancement or quenching of QD, Q-wire and QW radiations In the field of solid-state physics, enhancement or quenching of the radiation of QDs, Q-wires, and QW are methods used to reduce the radiative emission of quantum dots, wires and wells. Many methods have been developed to enhance or quench the radiation by adjus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23097121 |
Enhancement or quenching of QD, Q-wire and QW radiations Correspondingly, UV emission peaks have almost the same position at 375.2 nm. On the other hands, for the nanowire with irregular shape and rougher surface, with the decrease of the diameter, dramatically increased green emission and decreased UV emission can be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23097121 |
Jacobi coordinates In the theory of many-particle systems, often are used to simplify the mathematical formulation. These coordinates are particularly common in treating polyatomic molecules and chemical reactions, and in celestial mechanics. An algorithm for generating the for "N" bodies may be based upon binary trees... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23098762 |
Resazurin (7-Hydroxy-3"H"-phenoxazin-3-one 10-oxide) is a phenoxazine dye that is weakly fluorescent, nontoxic, cell-permeable, and redox‐sensitive. has a blue to purple color (at pH > 6.5) and is used in microbiological, cellular, and enzymatic assays because it can be irreversibly reduced to the pink-colored and high... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23103610 |
Resazurin is reduced to resorufin by aerobic respiration of metabolically active cells, and it can be used as an indicator of cell viability. It was first used to quantify bacterial content in milk by Pesch and Simmert in 1929. It can be used to detect the presence of viable cells in mammalian cell cultures. It was int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23103610 |
Resazurin Hence the resazurin/diaphorase/NADPH system can be used to detect NADH, NADPH, or diaphorase level, and any biochemical or enzyme activity that is involved in a biochemical reaction generating NADH or NADPH. can be used to assay L-Glutamate, achieving a sensitivity of 2.0 pmol per well in a 96 well plate. can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23103610 |
Resazurin 7-ethoxyresorufin, is a compound used as the substrate in the measurement of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) induction using the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay system in cell culture and environmental samples, produced in response to exposure to aryl hydrocarbons. The compound is catalysed by the enzyme t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23103610 |
Primordial nuclide In geochemistry, geophysics and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides, also known as primordial isotopes, are nuclides found on Earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Primordial nuclides were present in the interstellar medium from which the solar system was fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23105042 |
Primordial nuclide nuclides with shortest half-lives) are , , , and . These are the 4 nuclides with half-lives comparable to, or less than, the estimated age of the universe. (In the case of Th, it has a half life of more than 14 billion years, slightly longer than the age of the universe.) For a complete list of the 3... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23105042 |
Primordial nuclide Considering the likely initial abundances of these nuclides, possibly measurable quantities of Pu and Sm should persist today, while they should not for Nb and all shorter-lived nuclides. Nuclides such as Nb that were present in the primordial solar nebula but have long since decayed away completely ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23105042 |
Primordial nuclide Some other geogenic nuclides do not occur in the decay chains of Th, U, or U but can still fleetingly occur naturally as products of the spontaneous fission of one of these three long-lived nuclides, such as Sn, which makes up about 10 of all natural tin. There are 252 stable primordial nuclides and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23105042 |
Primordial nuclide Although it is estimated that about 34 primordial nuclides are radioactive (list below), it becomes very difficult to determine the exact total number of radioactive primordials, because the total number of stable nuclides is uncertain. There exist many extremely long-lived nuclides whose half-lives ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23105042 |
Primordial nuclide These radionuclides in many cases are so nearly stable that they compete for abundance with stable isotopes of their respective elements. For three chemical elements, indium, tellurium, and rhenium, a very long-lived radioactive primordial nuclide is found in greater abundance than a stable nuclide. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23105042 |
Alexander Selligue Alexander François Selligue (1784-1845) was a French engineer. In 1832, he together with David Blum patented an application of shale oil for direct illumination. In 1838, he patented "the employment of mineral oils for lighting". His process of distilling bituminous shales (oil shale) was first descr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23106631 |
Ductile iron pipe is pipe made of ductile cast iron commonly used for potable water transmission and distribution. This type of pipe is a direct development of earlier cast iron pipe, which it has superseded. The ductile iron used to manufacture the pipe is characterized by the spheroidal or nodular nature of the graph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe This is roughly equivalent to the pipe's internal diameter in inches or millimeters. However, it is the external diameter of the pipe that is kept constant between changes in wall thickness, in order to maintain compatibility in joints and fittings. Consequently, the internal diameter varies, sometime... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe Coincidentally, the British harmonization with European pipe standards occurred at approximately the same time as its transition to ductile iron, so almost all cast iron pipe is imperial and all ductile pipe is metric | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe Other European Standards give specifications on more dedicated products: EN 15655:2009 - Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories - Internal polyurethane lining for pipes and fittings - Requirements and test methods EN 877:1999/A1:2006 - Cast iron pipes and fittings, their joints and accessories f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe vy duty) of ductile iron fittings and accessories - Requirements and test methods EN 969:2009 - Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for gas pipelines - Requirements and test methods EN 15542:2008 - Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories - External cement mortar coating for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe Flanges are flat rings around the end of pipes which mate with an equivalent flange from another pipe, the two being held together by bolts usually passed through holes drilled through the flanges. A deformable gasket, usually elastomeric, placed between raised faces on the mating flanges provides the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe Normal spigot and socket joints do not allow direct metal to metal contact with all forces being transmitted through the elastomeric seal. They can consequently flex and allow some degree of rotation, allowing pipes to shift and relieve stresses imposed by soil movement. The corollary is that unrestra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe Such pipe systems are often to be seen in nineteenth century churches in the heating system. In the late 1950s, ductile iron pipe was introduced to the marketplace, featuring higher strength and similar corrosion resistance compared to cast iron. According to a 2004 study, an expected lifespan of 100 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe The lifespan of ductile iron pipe installed in an aggressive environment without appropriate protection may be between 21 and 40 years. The introduction of corrosion mitigation methods for ductile pipe, including the use of polyethylene sleeving, can reduce corrosion by controlling the effect of corro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe Pipes manufactured under International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards are typically coated with zinc, to provide protection against corrosion. In instances of more aggressive soils, polyethylene sleeving is installed over the zinc coated pipe to provide added protection.<ref name="IS... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe However, as PUR provides only passive protection it becomes vitally important that the coating is not damaged during handling and installation. Manufacturers will specify strict handling, transport and installation procedures to ensure PUR coatings are protected. If pipes are deformed Polyurethane's e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe A DIPRA survey has demonstrated that the Hazen-Williams factor of cement lining remains between 130 and 151 with only slight reduction with age. Unprotected ductile iron, similarly to cast iron, is intrinsically resistant to corrosion in most, although not all, soils. Nonetheless, because of frequent ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe By providing an impermeable barrier to ground water, the sleeve also inhibits the diffusion of oxygen to the ductile iron surface and limits the availability of electrolytes that would accelerate corrosion. It provides a homogeneous environment along the pipe surface so that corrosion occurs evenly ov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe Where resistivity is below 1500 ohm/cm and where the pipe is installed at or below the water table, where there are additional artificial soil contaminants and particularly stray currents again it is recommended for use in addition to zinc and epoxy coating. Because of the vulnerability of polyethylen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe In order to protect ductile iron pipe prior to installation, pipe is instead supplied with a temporary 1 mil or 25 μm thick bituminous coating. This coating is not intended to provide protection once the pipe is installed. Water based pipe coatings, are an environmentally friendly coating that is appl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe due to municipalities deferring replacement of water mains and reduction in new home construction. According to a report published by The Freedonia Group in 2011, economic recovery from the 2008 crisis is likely to expand ductile iron's market share in the large diameter pipe market. in the developed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Ductile iron pipe A more recent study, published August 2012, by Du et al., carried out a life cycle analysis on six types materials used for water and waste water pipes, including ductile iron, PVC, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and concrete. They found that at diameters of ≤ 24 in, ductile iron pipe had the highes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23107410 |
Bifunctional In organic chemistry, when a single organic molecule has two different functional groups, it is called a bifunctional molecule . A bifunctional molecule has the properties of two different types of functional groups, such as an alcohol (-OH), amide (CONH), aldehyde (-CHO), nitrile (-CN) or carboxylic acid ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23118227 |
Physic garden A physic garden is a type of herb garden with medicinal plants. Botanical gardens developed from them. Modern botanical gardens were preceded by medieval physic gardens that originated at the time of Emperor Charlemagne. Gardens of this time included various sections including one for medicinal plants cal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122539 |
Physic garden By 1676, the position of "Keeper of the Physic Garden" was held by the Professor of Botany at the University of Edinburgh. Some of the earliest physic gardens included: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122539 |
Professor Pyg is a supervillain who appears in comic books published by DC Comics. Pyg was created by Grant Morrison and Andy Kubert, and debuted as a corpse in the alternate reality story "Batman" #666 (July 2007) before being introduced as a recurring character in the mainstream DC Universe two years later in "Batman... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg He has a makeshift mother made of nails and boards, from which he associates auditory hallucinations commanding him to constantly improve his surgical work. Pyg began making substantial appearances in other media in 2013 with the animated series "Beware the Batman" and has since appeared in video games, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg In the story, Lazlo Valentin was an "extreme" circus mob boss until something turned him into Professor Pyg, leading him to begin funding his scientific experiments by selling narcotics to the criminal underworld. Batman and Robin learn from interrogating his underlings, members of a gang called the Circu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg The character's backstory, including his origin, is significantly expanded upon in "Batman Incorporated: Leviathan Strikes!" (December 2011). Lazlo Valentin was a scientist working for a corrupt United Nations agency known as Spyral and was driven insane by a product that he was developing, which mimics s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg In October 2013, a prequel to "Batman in Bethlehem" titled "Damian: Son of Batman", in which an older Damian Wayne succeeds his father as Batman, was written by Andy Kubert under the New 52 imprint. Having plotted the mini-series in 2008, Kubert wanted to return to that timeline, saying, "I had always wan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg He later turns several people into human–animal hybrids, whom he labels his "farm hands", and finds Falcone. After the farm hands kill Falcone's guards, Pyg straps Falcone to a table with the intention of operating on him but Batman intervenes. He is arrested and sent to Arkham Asylum under the supervisio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg Pyg is described as "a gifted scientist who suffered a schizophrenic break" that caused him to develop his persona. In the game, Pyg uses his Circus of Strange business as a front for abducting people to turn into Dollotrons. After leaving behind a trail of corpses of failed experiments, Pyg is investigat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg Pyg re-appears in 2017's "Nightwing" #18, operating in Paris and creating Dollotron versions of Grayson and Damian Wayne, known as Deathwing and Robintron. Grayson and Wayne overcome Pyg, who tells them he created Deathwing and Robintron for Simon Hurt. He later appears in "Harley Quinn" #43–44 and "Batgi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg Co-creator Grant Morrison envisioned him as "one of the weirdest, most insane characters that's ever been in Batman [comics]" and said, "we hear a lot about Batman facing crazy villains but we tried to make this guy seem genuinely disturbed and disconnected ... isn't from another world; he's from here, bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg On the DC Comics website, journalist Meg Downey notes parallels between Professor Pyg's view of his Dollotrons and the Greek mythological figure Pygmalion, who carved a statue of a woman out of ivory that was so realistic and beautiful he fell in love with his creation. Morrison referred to the character'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg Pyg was adapted differently from the comics in the television series "Beware the Batman"; developer Glen Murakami said, "it's not like we're trying to change it, but we only have 22 minutes to tell that story. The theme that we went in with Pyg and Toad was kind of "Wind in the Willows", but they also bec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg He creates an elaborate persona of a murderer under the alias to aid Sofia Falcone's rise to power in Gotham City's criminal underworld. Actor Michael Cerveris said of the faux persona, "is a brilliant and chameleon-like person who has a highly developed sense of what's right and wrong—it just might not b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg Layers of his disguise are continuously stripped down and reapplied. Hailing from the southern United States, Valentin uses implanted, shifting metal plates and facial reconstruction to help him hide his true identity. Before the Pyg persona is revealed to be fake, Cerveris said he lacks his alter ego's t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg Professor Pyg's opera suite titled "Ode to Perfection" was composed by David Buckley for the "Batman: Arkham Knight" soundtrack. An action figure of the character was released as part of the third series of "Arkham Knight" figures from DC Collectibles in February 2016. Meg Downey said is one of Batman's m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Professor Pyg He also said Grant Morrison accomplished his goal of making Pyg one of the weirdest and most insane characters in Batman comic books. In 2017, John Stephens said is one of his favorite recently-created Batman villains for being demented, grotesque, and funny. Because the character was created recently, he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23122647 |
Ammonium azide is the chemical compound with the formula NHN, being the salt of ammonia and hydrazoic acid. Like other inorganic azides, this colourless crystalline salt is a powerful explosive, although it has a remarkably low sensitivity. NHN is physiologically active and inhalation of small amounts causes headaches ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23125145 |
Acylhydrazine Acylhydrazines are a class of organic compounds and can be regarded as nitrogen derivatives of carboxylic acids having the general structure R-CO-NR-NRR, where R, R and R can be organic radicals or hydrogen. They are analogous to an amide, but the -OH portion of a carboxylic acid is replaced by hydrazine ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23127480 |
Anti-graffiti coating An anti-graffiti coating is a coating that prevents graffiti paint from bonding to surfaces. Cleaning graffiti off buildings costs billions of dollars annually. Many cities have started anti-graffiti programs but vandalism is still a problem. Companies across the globe are attempting to develop co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23134898 |
Anti-graffiti coating There are two different categories of anti-graffiti coatings. The first, sacrificial coatings, are applied to a surface and then removed when graffiti is applied. The surface underneath will be left clean and a new sacrificial coating can be applied. The other type of coating are permanent coating... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23134898 |
Anti-graffiti coating Permanent coatings are often more expensive than sacrificial coatings, but if used appropriately only have to be applied once. These work by creating a protective surface that spray paint cannot bond to. After the surface has been vandalized, often all that is needed to remove the paint is a simpl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23134898 |
Anti-graffiti coating One of the newer additions to this ever growing market are nanoparticle based coatings. Silica particles are formed using the sol-gel method. The resulting silica particles have both reactive (Si-OH) and nonreactive (Si=O) groups on the surface. The reactive groups provide locations for further ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23134898 |
Anti-graffiti coating In the United States, many state and local historic district commissions and review boards have regulations that require approval for both graffiti removal work and the application of coatings applied to the facades on designated landmarks or properties located in local historic districts. Alterna... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23134898 |
Calcium titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaTiO. As a mineral, it is called perovskite, named after Russian mineralogist, L. A. Perovski (1792-1856). It is a colourless, diamagnetic solid, although the mineral is often coloured owing to impurities. CaTiO can be prepared by the combination of C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23136733 |
Compound 48/80 is a polymer produced by the condensation of "N"-methyl-"p"-methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde. It promotes histamine release, and in biochemical research, compound 48/80 is used to promote mast cell degranulation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23142393 |
Walter Thiel (chemist) Walter Thiel (7 March 1949 in Treysa, Hesse – 23 August 2019) was a German theoretical chemist. He was the president of the World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists (WATOC) from 2011. Walter Thiel studied chemistry at the University of Marburg (West Germany) from 1966 to 1971, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23146182 |
Kendomycin is an anticancer macrolide first isolated from "Streptomyces violaceoruber". It has potent activity as an endothelin receptor antagonist and anti-osteoporosis agent. It also has strong cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines. Because of its potent biological activities, kendomcyin has attracted interes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23147198 |
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K or IISER Kolkata) is an autonomous public research university in science and education field located in Nadia district, West Bengal, India. It was established by the Ministry of Human Resource... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23151073 |
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata The performance of the Dirac Supercomputing facility is 78.8 Teraflops which includes 60 Teraflops of CPU) and 4×4.7 Teraflops of GPU. The college organizes a major annual festival, Inquivesta, which is promoted as one of the first and the biggest science fest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23151073 |
Lindgren oxidation is a selective method for oxidizing aldehydes to carboxylic acids. The reaction is named after Bengt O. Lindgren. The oxidation takes place in water containing solvent mixtures under slightly acidic conditions (pH 3–5) with sodium chlorite as oxidizer. To avoid complicated oxidation reactions the hyp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23153191 |
Hash oil Hash oil, also known as honey oil or cannabis oil, is an oleoresin obtained by the extraction of cannabis or hashish. It is a cannabis concentrate containing many of its resins and terpenes – in particular, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids. There are various extraction meth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Hash oil Following an outbreak of vaping related pulmonary illnesses and deaths in 2019 NBCNews conducted tests on different THC vape cartridges and found cartridges containing up to 30% Vitamin E acetate and trace amounts of fungicides and pesticides that may be harmful. seized in the 1970s had a THC content ranging f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Hash oil Efforts to isolate the active ingredient in cannabis were well documented in the nineteenth century and Cannabis extracts and tinctures of cannabis were included in the British Pharmacopoeia and the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. These solvent extracts were termed cannabin (1845), cannabindon, cannabinine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Hash oil Smoking or vaporizing hash oil is known colloquially as "dabbing", from the English verb to daub (Dutch dabben, French dauber), "to smear with something adhesive". Dabbing devices include special kinds of water pipes ("oil rigs"), vaporizers and vape pens similar in design to electronic cigarettes. Oil rigs in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Hash oil Currently, resinoids are often obtained by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. The alcohols extract undesirable water-soluble substances such as chlorophyll and sugars (which can be removed later by washing with water). Non-polar solvents such as benzene, chloroform and petroleum ether will not extra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Hash oil The oil may retain considerable residual solvent: oil extracted with longer-chain volatile hydrocarbons (such as naphtha) is less viscous (thinner) than oil extracted with short-chain hydrocarbons (such as butane). Colored impurities from the oil can be removed by adding activated charcoal to about one third t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Hash oil "Full spectrum" hash rosin will normally come from 45u-159u, as smaller and larger particles are likely to be too unrefined or broken stalks of the trichomes. This hash is then pressed at the appropriate temperature and pressure to squeeze the oils out of the hash, and is collected with metal tools and parchme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Hash oil On September 5, 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) announced that 10 out of 18, or 56% of the samples of vape liquids sent in by states, linked to recent vaping related lung disease outbreak in the United States, tested positive for vitamin E acetate which had been used as a thickeni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Hash oil In 2019 following an outbreak of illnesses additives added to vape pen mixtures were found to be causing breathing problems, lung damage, and deaths. Most of the solvents employed vaporize quickly and are flammable, making the extraction process dangerous. Several explosion and fire incidents related to hash o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154203 |
Methylamide In chemistry, an "N"-methylamide (NME) is a blocking group for the C-terminus end of peptides. When the carboxyl group of the C-terminus is replaced with a methylamide, further elongation of the peptide chain is prevented. C-Terminal modified peptides are also useful for the modulation of structure-activity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154241 |
Philippe de Clermont (1831–1921) was a French organic chemist. He was known for the synthesis of the first organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor (tetraethyl pyrophosphate, TEPP). He worked in Adolphe Wurtz's laboratory in Paris. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23157510 |
Franz Anton Voegeli (1825–1874) was a Swiss chemist who was the first to synthesize triethyl phosphate (TEP) while he was working in Gustav Magnus's laboratory in Berlin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23157584 |
Thermal dissolution is a method of liquefaction of solid fossil fuels. It is a hydrogen-donor solvent refining process. It may be used for the shale oil extraction and coal liquefaction. Other liquids extraction processes from solid fuels are pyrolysis and hydrogenation. Compared to hydrogenation, the process of therma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23157899 |
Laminar–turbulent transition In fluid dynamics, the process of a laminar flow becoming turbulent is known as laminar–turbulent transition. The main parameter characterizing transition is the Reynolds number. Transition is often described as a process proceeding through a series of stages. "Transitional flow" can refer ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23163934 |
Laminar–turbulent transition When extreme care is taken, the transition can even happen with Re as high as 40000. On the other hand, Re = 2000 appears to be about the lowest value obtained at a rough entrance. Reynolds' publications in fluid dynamics began in the early 1870s. His final theoretical model published in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23163934 |
Laminar–turbulent transition Acoustic disturbances tend to excite two-dimensional instabilities such as Tollmien–Schlichting waves (T-S waves), while vortical disturbances tend to lead to the growth of three-dimensional phenomena such as the crossflow instability. Numerous experiments in recent decades have revealed th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23163934 |
Laminar–turbulent transition For flows in which a three-dimensional boundary layer develops such as a swept wing, the crossflow instability becomes important. For flows navigating concave surface curvature, Görtler vortices may become the dominant instability. Each instability has its own physical origins and its own s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23163934 |
Laminar–turbulent transition Tollmien (1931) and Schlichting (1929) proposed that friction (viscosity) along a smooth flat boundary, created SH boundary layer (BL) oscillations that gradually increased in amplitude until turbulence erupted. Although contemporary wind tunnels failed to confirm the theory, Schubauer and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23163934 |
Laminar–turbulent transition The focal amplified sound of turbulent spots along a flat plate with high energy oscillation of molecules perpendicularly through the laminae, might suddenly cause localized freezing of laminar slip. The sudden braking of “frozen” spots of fluid would transfer resistance to the high resista... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23163934 |
Laminar–turbulent transition These secondary instabilities are often much higher in frequency than their linear precursors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23163934 |
Shading coefficient (SC) is a measure of thermal performance of a glass unit (panel or window) in a building. It is the ratio of solar gain (due to direct sunlight) passing through a glass unit to the solar energy which passes through 3mm Clear Float Glass. It is an indicator of how well the glass is thermally insulati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23164211 |
Shading coefficient Though shading coefficient is still mentioned in manufacturer product literature and some industry computer software, it is no longer mentioned as an option in the handbook widely used by building energy engineers or model building codes. Industry technical experts recognized the limitations of SC a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23164211 |
Kreft's dichromaticity index (DI) is a measure for quantification of dichromatism. It is defined as the difference in hue angle (Δh) between the color of the sample at the dilution, where the chroma (color saturation) is maximal, and the color of four times more diluted (or thinner) and four times more concentrated (or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23167524 |
Kreft's dichromaticity index Dichromaticity (DI and DI) of selected substances, calculated from their VIS absorption spectra by the computer algorithm “Dichromaticity index calculator”: Maximal chroma: chroma at concentration (thickness) where the color of the substance has maximal chroma (saturation). Angle at maximal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23167524 |
Ernesto Estrada (born 2 May 1966) is a Cuban-Spanish scientist. He is the Chair in Complexity Science, Full Professor at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and a member of the Institute of Complex Systems of the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom. He is known by his contributions in different... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23169584 |
Ernesto Estrada Montero Cabrera on the topic of "Graph Theory Applied to Molecular Design". By this time, Estrada had published 8 scientific papers in major chemistry journals. After completing his Ph.D., Estrada spent some time as post-doctoral research at the University of Valencia, Spain working with Prof. Jorge Gal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23169584 |
Ernesto Estrada Estrada is also known in the field of spectral graph theory where he has introduced several approaches to characterise the organizational architecture of complex networks, such as the "subgraph centrality", "communicability", "spectral scaling", "golden spectral graphs", etc. Estrada is also known in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23169584 |
Ernesto Estrada Since 2013 Estrada is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Complex Networks published by Oxford University Press. In 2019 he was named a SIAM Fellow "for outstanding contributions to mathematical chemistry and network science". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23169584 |
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