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Förster coupling is the resonant energy transfer between excitons within adjacent QD's (quantum dots). The first studies of Foerster were performed in the context of the sensitized luminescence of solids. Here, an excited sensitizer atom can transfer its excitation to a neighbouring acceptor atom, via an intermediate v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22976317 |
Förster coupling Since thallium atoms do not absorb the exciting light, they can get excited only indirectly by an excitation transfer from mercury atoms. A transfer by reabsorption is impossible here. Therefore, this transfer must be a non-radiative one with a mercury atom as the donor or sensitizer and the thallium a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22976317 |
Förster coupling It must be concluded, therefore, that excitation transfer of a non-trivial nature occurs over the mean distances between statistically distributed molecules which are about 40Å in this case. It differs from short-distance collisional transfer by its independence of solvent viscosity and from transfer w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22976317 |
Förster coupling To calculate the dynamics of two coupled QDs (each modeled as an interband two-level system with one conduction and one valence level formula_4and formula_5, respectively) which have no electronic overlap, an expansion of the potential is performed: (i) a long-range expansion about a reference point of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22976317 |
Förster coupling we write the Hamiltonian of two interacting QD’s in the computational basis formula_11 formula_12 where the off-diagonal Förster interaction is given by formula_10 , and the direct Coulomb binding energy between the two excitons, one on each dot, is on the diagonal and given by formula_14 . The ground ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22976317 |
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research The is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is co-owned by the American Coatings Association and the Oil and Colour Chemists' Association and published on their behalf by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief of the journal is Mark Nichols (Ford Mot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22976865 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in porous materials covers the application of using NMR as a tool to study the structure of porous media and various processes occurring in them. This technique allows the determination of characteristics such as the porosity and pore size dist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977015 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media The inverse of the relaxation time formula_4, is expressed by contributions from the bulk volume formula_2, the surface area formula_1 and the self-diffusion formula_7: where formula_3 is the thickness of the surface area, formula_1 is the surface area, formula_2 is the pore v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977015 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media The common approach is based on the model proposed by Brownstein and Tarr. They have shown that, in the fast diffusion limit, given by the expression: where formula_22 is the surface relaxivity of pore wall material, formula_23 is the radius of the spherical pore and formula_1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977015 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media The multi-exponential representation corresponds to a division of the pore space into formula_38 main groups based on formula_29 (surface-to-volume ratio) values. Due to the pore size variations, a non-linear optimization algorithm with multi-exponential terms is used to fit e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977015 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media Surface relaxivity data are difficult to measure, and most NMR permeability correlations assume a constant formula_22. However, for heterogeneous reservoir rocks with different mineralogy, formula_22 is certainly not constant and surface relaxivity has been reported to increas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977015 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media The killing probability formula_3 is related to the surface relaxation strength by: If the walker survives, it simply bounces off the interface and its position does not change. At each time step, the fraction formula_81 of the initial walkers that are still alive is recorded.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977015 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media Their theory is based on the hypothesis that molecular movements are slower in the bulk liquid than at the solid-liquid interface. In this solid-liquid interface the diffusion coefficient is reduced, which correspond to a zone of higher viscosity. In this higher viscosity zone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977015 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media Thus it is similar to DSC thermoporosimetry, but has higher resolution, as the signal detection does not rely on transient heat flows, and the measurement can be made arbitrarily slowly. It is suitable for measuring pore diameters in the range 2 nm–2 μm. Nuclear Magnetic Reson... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977015 |
Streptamer The technology allows the reversible isolation and staining of antigen-specific T cells. This technology combines a current T cell isolation method with the Strep-tag technology. In principle, the T cells are separated by establishing a specific interaction between the T cell of interest and a molecule that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977267 |
Streptamer The MHC interacts with the TCR, which in turn is expressed on the T cells. Because TCR-MHC interactions have only a very weak affinity towards each other, monomeric MHC-epitope complexes cannot provide stable binding. This problem can be solved by using multimerized MHC-epitopes, which increases the binding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977267 |
Streptamer Therefore, a MHC multimer based on the interaction of Strep-tag with Strep-Tactin is easily disrupted in the presence of relatively low concentrations of d-biotin. Without the Strep-Tactin backbone, the single MHC-Strep-tag fusion proteins spontaneously detach from the TCR of the T cell, because of weak bind... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22977267 |
Venturi flume A venturi flume is a critical-flow open flume with a constricted flow which causes a drop in the hydraulic grade line, creating a critical depth. It is used in flow measurement of very large flow rates, usually given in millions of cubic units. A venturi meter would normally measure in millimetres, wherea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22984567 |
Endoreversible thermodynamics is a subset of irreversible thermodynamics aimed at making more realistic assumptions about heat transfer than are typically made in reversible thermodynamics. It gives an upper bound on the energy that can be derived from a real process that is "lower" than that predicted by Carnot for a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22987859 |
Endoreversible thermodynamics In the Carnot cycle there is strict necessity that the working fluid be at the same temperatures as the heat reservoirs they are in contact with and that they are separated by adiabatic transformations which prevent thermal contact. The efficiency was first derived by William Thomson in hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22987859 |
Physica Status Solidi Physica Status Solidi, often stylized "physica status solidi" or "pss", is a family of international peer-reviewed, scientific journals, publishing research on all aspects of solid state physics, and materials science. It is owned and published by Wiley–VCH. These journals publish over 2000 articl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22988737 |
Physica Status Solidi Following the reunification of Germany in 1990 the journal's original publisher Akademie Verlag became part of the VCH Publishing group, which again was merged into John Wiley & Sons, leading to the formation of Wiley-VCH Verlag in 1997. A fourth series, RRL ("Rapid Research Letters"), was launche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22988737 |
Journal of Microscopy The is the monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Royal Microscopical Society which covers all aspects of microscopy including spatially resolved spectroscopy, compositional mapping, and image analysis. This includes technology and applications in physics, chemistry, material science, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22993228 |
C12H16N2 The molecular formula CHN (molar mass : 188.26 g/mol, exact mass : 188.131349) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22996459 |
C20H20 The molecular formula CH may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22998776 |
4,4'-Dinitro-3,3'-diazenofuroxan 4,4’-Dinitro-3,3’-diazenofuroxan (DDF) is a powerful experimental high explosive with performance comparable to that of other high-density high-explosives such as octanitrocubane. It is synthesised by oxidative coupling of 4-amino-3-(azidocarbonyl)furoxan followed by Curtius rearrangeme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23000019 |
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS) is an optical technique derived from dynamic light scattering (DLS) that studies the dynamics of scattered light in the limit of strong multiple scattering. It has been widely used in the past to study colloidal suspensions, emulsions, foams, gels, biological media and other forms of s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23001219 |
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy For example, for the backscattering geometry, an infinitely thick cell, large laser spot illumination and detection of photons coming from the center of the spot, the relationship between g-1 and <Δr> is: formula_5, γ value is around 2. For less thick cells and in transmission, the relations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23001219 |
Lurgi–Ruhrgas process The is an above-ground coal liquefaction and shale oil extraction technology. It is classified as a hot recycled solids technology. The was originally invented in the 1940s and further developed in the 1950s for a low-temperature liquefaction of lignite (brown coal). The technology is named after ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23001725 |
Lurgi–Ruhrgas process In 1980, the Natural Resources Authority of Jordan commissioned from the Klöckner-Lurgi consortium a pre-feasibility study of construction of an oil shale retorting complex in Jordan using the Lurgi–Ruhrgas process. However, although the study found the technology feasible, it was never implemente... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23001725 |
Lurgi–Ruhrgas process At the surge bin, solids and gases are separated, and solid particles are transferred to the mixer unit to conduct the pyrolysis of the raw oil shale. One of the disadvantages of this technology is the fact that produced shale oil vapors are mixed with shale ash causing impurities in shale oil. En... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23001725 |
Charge transfer coefficient Charge transfer coefficient, and symmetry factor (symbols "α" and "β", respectively) are two related parameters used in description of the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. They appear in the Butler–Volmer equation and related expressions. The symmetry factor and the charge transfer coe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23002479 |
Charge transfer coefficient The symmetry factor (or barrier symmetry factor) is a coefficient similar to the transfer coefficient, but applicable only to single-step reactions. The sum of anodic symmetry factor and cathodic symmetry factor is equal to one: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23002479 |
Transport length The transport length in a strongly diffusing medium (noted l*) is the length over which the direction of propagation of the photon is randomized. It is related to the mean free path l by the relation: formula_1 with: g: the asymmetry coefficient. formula_2 or averaging of the scattering angle θ over a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23003504 |
Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold The Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold, also known as the Tripartite Gold Commission, was a panel established in September 1946 by the United Kingdom, United States and France to recover gold stolen by Nazi Germany from other nations and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23005379 |
Metallurgical assay A metallurgical assay is a compositional analysis of an ore, metal, or alloy. Some assay methods are suitable for raw materials; others are more appropriate for finished goods. Raw precious metals (bullion) are assayed by an assay office. Silver is assayed by titration, gold by cupellation and plati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23008816 |
Metallurgical assay The age-old touchstone method is particularly suited to the testing of very valuable pieces, for which sampling by destructive means, such as scraping, cutting or drilling is unacceptable. A rubbing of the item is made on a special stone, treated with acids and the resulting color compared to refere... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23008816 |
Metallurgical assay is typically completed in this way to ensure that an accurate assay is performed. X-ray fluorescence assay is not as accurate as fire assay but depending on the spectrometer used, can achieve results of within 1 percent. The most elaborately accurate, but totally destructive, precious metal assay is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23008816 |
Metallurgical assay Fusion: the process requires a self-generating reducing atmosphere, and so the crushed ore sample is mixed with fluxes and a carbon source (e.g. coal dust, ground charcoal, flour, etc.) mixed with powdered lead oxide (litharge) in a refractory crucible. In general, multiple crucibles will be placed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23008816 |
Metallurgical assay , instrument finish rather than physical gold product weighing). Arguably, even these texts are largely an extension of traditions that were detailed in "De re metallica" by Agricola in 1556. Variation from skills taught in modern standard adaptions of fire assay methodology should be viewed with ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23008816 |
Metallurgical assay The product of this cupellation (doré) is flattened and treated in nitric acid to remove silver. Precision weighing of metal content of samples and process controls (proofs) at each process stage is the basis of the extreme method precision. European assayers follow bullion traditions based in hallm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23008816 |
Metallurgical assay Even with the half dollar, the amount of silver used in the coins was reduced from 90% in 1964 and earlier to 40% between 1965 and 1970. Copper, nickel, cupro-nickel and brass alloys now predominate in coin making. Notwithstanding, several national mints, including the Perth Mint in Australia, the A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23008816 |
Sulfenyl chloride A sulfenyl chloride is a functional group with the connectivity R–S–Cl, where R is alkyl or aryl. Sulfenyl chlorides are reactive compounds that behave as sources of RS. They are used in the formation of RS–N and RS–O bonds. According to IUPAC nomenclature they are named as alkyl thiohypochlorites, i.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23020713 |
Sulfenyl chloride Simple sulfenyl iodides are unknown because they are unstable with respect to the disulfide and iodine: Sulfenyl iodides can be isolated as stable compounds if they bear alkyl steric protecting groups as part of a cavity-shaped framework, illustrating the technique of kinetic stabilization of a reacti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23020713 |
Osmotic dehydration is an operation used for the partial removal of water from plant tissues by immersion in a hypertonic (osmotic) solution. Sugar or salt solutions are used to reduce the moisture content of foods before actual drying process. This technique is used to give the product quality improvement over convent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23021180 |
Osmotic dehydration The rate of diffusion of water from any material made up of such tissues depends upon factors such as temperature and concentration of the osmotic solution, the size and geometry of the material, the solution-to-material mass ratio and, to a certain level, agitation of the solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23021180 |
Aluminium(II) oxide or aluminium monoxide is a compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula AlO. It has been detected in the gas phase after explosion of aluminized grenades in the upper atmosphere and in stellar absorption spectra. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022498 |
Aluminium oxides or aluminum oxides are a group of inorganic compounds with formulas including aluminium (Al) and oxygen (O). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022534 |
Vesicle fusion is the merging of a vesicle with other vesicles or a part of a cell membrane. In the latter case, it is the end stage of secretion from secretory vesicles, where their contents are expelled from the cell through exocytosis. Vesicles can also fuse with other target cell compartments, such as a lysosome. E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022763 |
Vesicle fusion Once the vesicle is in position it must wait until Ca enters the cell by the propagation of an action potential to the presynaptic membrane. Ca binds to specific proteins, one of which is Synaptotagmin, in neurons which triggers the complete fusion of the vesicle with the target membrane. SNARE proteins ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022763 |
Vesicle fusion Formation of the "trans"-SNARE complex proceeds through an intermediate complex composed of SNAP-25 and syntaxin-1, which later accommodates synaptobrevin-2 (the quoted syntaxin and synaptobrevin isotypes participate in neuronal neuromediator release). Based on the stability of the resultant "cis-SNARE c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022763 |
Vesicle fusion While a lipid-lined pore is possible and can achieve all the same properties observed in early pore formation, sufficient data does not exist to prove it is the sole method of formation. There is not currently a proposed mechanism on inter-cellular regulation for fluctuation of lipid-lined pores, and the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022763 |
Vesicle fusion A protein-lined pore perfectly meets all the observed requirements of the early fusion pore, and while some data does support this theory, sufficient data does not exist to pronounce it the primary method of fusion. A protein-lined pore requires at least five copies of the SNARE complex while fusion has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022763 |
Vesicle fusion This mechanism may be a way around clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is also proposed that the vesicle does not need to return to an endosome to refill, though it is not thoroughly understood by which mechanism it would refill. This does not exclude full vesicle fusion, but only states that both mechanis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022763 |
Lead-based paint in the United States Lead-based paint was widely used in the United States, because of its durability. The United States banned the manufacture of lead-based house paint in 1978 due to health concerns. Lead has long been considered to be a harmful environmental pollutant. Cited cases of lead poisoning ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034778 |
Lead-based paint in the United States " Humans are exposed to lead in many ways. These can be through air, drinking water, food, contaminated soil, deteriorating paint, and dust. Airborne lead enters the body by breathing or swallowing lead particles or dust once it has settled. Old lead-based paint is the most signifi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034778 |
Lead-based paint in the United States There are two different testing procedures that are similar but yield different information. Lead-based paint inspections will evaluate all painted surfaces in a complex to determine where lead-based paint, if any, is present. The procedures for lead inspections is outlined in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034778 |
Lead-based paint in the United States It requires that the potential buyer or tenant be given the lead information pamphlet, "Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home," or other EPA-approved pamphlet as well as a specific disclosure statement. The option of whether to test for the presence of lead-based paint is left... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034778 |
Lead-based paint in the United States However, individuals who have successfully completed renovation courses developed by HUD or EPA, or an abatement worker or supervisor course accredited by EPA or an authorized State or Tribal program, can become certified renovators by taking a four-hour EPA-accredited renovator re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034778 |
Lead-based paint in the United States On July 1, 2008, the Rhode Island Supreme Court in a landmark decision overturned the verdict, dismissing the case stating that "the State of Rhode Island 'cannot allege' facts sufficient to state a claim for common law public nuisance against lead pigment manufacturers." In 2007, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034778 |
Lead-based paint in the United States Dry sanding, dry scraping, removing paint by torching and burning, the use of heat guns over 1100°F, and machine-sanding or grinding without a HEPA filtered dust collection system or a HEPA-filtered vacuum are all prohibited by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Deve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034778 |
Lead-based paint in the United States Testing for lead in dust, water, and air also require laboratory analysis. Although there are commercially available lead test kits, they are not reliable and are not authorized by HUD for the use of determining if a property is lead-based-paint free. The home's year of constructio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034778 |
Environmental impact of paint The environmental impact of paint is diverse. Traditional painting materials and processes can have harmful effects on the environment, including those from the use of lead and other additives. Measures can be taken to reduce environmental impact, including accurately estimating paint quan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23035042 |
Environmental impact of paint These paints have contained organotin compounds such as tributyltin, which are considered to be toxic chemicals with negative effects on humans and the environment. Tributyltin compounds are moderately to highly persistent organic pollutants that bioconcentrate up the marine predators' foo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23035042 |
Environmental impact of paint Because of lead's low reactivity and solubility, lead poisoning usually only occurs in cases when it is dispersed, such as when sanding lead-based paint prior to repainting. Primer paint containing hexavalent chromium is still widely used for aerospace and automobile refinishing applicatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23035042 |
Fibrin scaffold A fibrin scaffold is a network of protein that holds together and supports a variety of living tissues. It is produced naturally by the body after injury, but also can be engineered as a tissue substitute to speed healing. The scaffold consists of naturally occurring biomaterials composed of a cross-lin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
Fibrin scaffold Many factors can be bound to fibrin scaffold and those can be released in a cell-controlled manner. Its stiffness can be managed by changing the concentration according to needs of surrounding or encapsulated cells. Additional mechanical properties can be obtained by combining fibrin with other suitable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
Fibrin scaffold Fibrin can be provided from individuals to be treated many times so that gels from autologous fibrin have no undesired immunogenic reactions in addition to be reproducible. Inherently, structure and biochemistry of fibrin has an important role in wound healing. Although there are limitations due to diff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
Fibrin scaffold Collagen originated sequence is DGEA and many other ECM protein originated RGD sequence can be given as other examples. Heparin binding sequences KβAFAKLAARLYRKA, RβAFARLAARLYRRA, KHKGRDVILKKDVR, YKKIIKKL are from antithrombin III, modified antithrombin III, neural cell adhesion molecule and platelet fa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
Fibrin scaffold The most substantial increase in stiffness is observed in PEG-Fibrinogen conjugated hydrogel after 28 days of mechanical stimulation. In orthopedics, methods with minimum invasion are desired and improving injectable systems is a leading aim. Bone cavities can be filled by polymerizing materials when in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
Fibrin scaffold Addition of fibrin glue to calcium phosphate granules has promising results leading to faster bone repair by inducing mineralization and possible effects of fibrin on angiogenesis, cell attachment and proliferation. Valvular heart disease is a major cause of death globally. Both mechanical valves and fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
Fibrin scaffold The synthetic polymer based grafts on the other hand often have insufficient haemocompatibility and thus rapidly occlude - a problem that is especially prone in small calibre grafts. In this context the fibrin-gel-based tissue engineering of autologous vessel substitutes is a very promising approach to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
Fibrin scaffold Neuronal development of precursor cells is maintained by gels with low elastic modulus. When stiffness of the matrix is more than that of a normal brain, extension of spinal cord and cortical brain neurons is inhibited since neurite extension and branch forming take place on soft materials (<1000Pa). In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
Fibrin scaffold Many neurotrophic factors can bind to heparin through its sulfated domains. This is the affinity-based delivery system in which growth factors are released by cell-based degradation control. After a 13 mm rat sciatic nerve defect is made, the fibrin matrix delivery system is applied to the gap as a nerv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037879 |
SrCO3 SrCO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23042642 |
Nicking enzyme amplification reaction Nicking Enzyme Amplification Reaction (NEAR) is a method for "in vitro" DNA amplification like the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). NEAR is isothermal, replicating DNA at a constant temperature using a polymerase (and nicking enzyme) to exponentially amplify the DNA at a temperatur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23046982 |
2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF, 2-AAF) is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene. It is used as a biochemical tool in the study of carcinogenesis. It induces tumors in a number of species in the liver, bladder and kidney. The metabolism of this compound in the body by means of biotransformation reactions is th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23047742 |
2-Acetylaminofluorene However, the product of this latter reaction is the deacetylated aminofluorene adduct. The interconversion of amide and amine metabolites of 2-AAF can further occur via the microsomal enzyme deacetylase producing the "N"-hydroxy metabolite of the amine derivative. Subsequent esterification of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23047742 |
Nicking enzyme A nicking enzyme (or nicking endonuclease) is an enzyme that cuts one strand of a double-stranded DNA at a specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as a restriction site. Such enzymes hydrolyse (cut) only one strand of the DNA duplex, to produce DNA molecules that are “nicked”, rather than cleaved... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23048210 |
Avogadro (software) Avogadro is a molecule editor and visualizer designed for cross-platform use in computational chemistry, molecular modeling, bioinformatics, materials science, and related areas. It is extensible via a plugin architecture. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23057806 |
Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment The (ECCE, pronounced "etch-ā") provides a sophisticated graphical user interface, scientific visualization tools, and the underlying data management framework enabling scientists to efficiently set up calculations and store, retrieve, and analyze the rapidly growing volum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23058094 |
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism describes a variety of reactions involving glyoxylate or dicarboxylates. Glyoxylate is the conjugate base of glyoxylic acid, and within a buffered environment of known pH such as the cell cytoplasm these terms can be used almost interchangeably, as the gain or loss of a hydrogen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23060790 |
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Its crucial enzymes are isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. However, alternate pathways have been proposed in organisms lacking isocitrate lyase. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23060790 |
Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures An optical modulator is an optical device which is used to modulate a beam of light with a perturbation device. It is a kind of transmitter to convert information to optical binary signal through optical fiber (optical waveguide) or transmission medium of optical f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23079699 |
Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures The other case of modulators is spatial light modulator (SLM) which is modified two dimensional distribution of amplitude & phase of an optical wave. Optical modulators can be implemented using Semiconductor Nano-structures to increase the performance like high ope... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23079699 |
Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures The principle of operation is based on the linear electro-optic effect (the Pockels effect, the modification of the refractive index of a nonlinear crystal by an electric field in proportion to the field strength). The crystal which is covered by electrode may be c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23079699 |
Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures In an AOM a laser beam is caused to interact with a high frequency ultrasonic sound wave inside an optically polished block of crystal or glass (the interaction medium). By carefully orientating the laser with respect to the sound waves the beam can be made to refl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23079699 |
Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures The rf modulation field Hrf, applied by means of a coil along the light propagation direction, wobbles 4~Ms through an angle of @ and produces a time varying magnetization component in the longitudinal direction. This component then produces an ac variation in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23079699 |
Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures Therefore, the fundamental interactions between THz radiation and semiconductors are receiving increasing attention. This new quantum structure is based on the well-established technology for producing high electron mobility transistors where an electron gas is con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23079699 |
CataCXium F sulf is a water-soluble organophosphorus compound derived from fluorene. The palladium complexes of the respective phosphine show an excellent activity in various palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, including Suzuki reactions, Sonogashira couplings and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23079724 |
Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) is a group of computer programs which calculate interaction of ions with matter; the core of SRIM is a program Transport of ions in matter (TRIM). SRIM is popular in the ion implantation research and technology community and also used widely in other branches of radiation mat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23080387 |
Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter As the output, it lists or plots the three-dimensional distribution of the ions in the solid and its parameters, such as penetration depth, its spread along the ion beam (called straggle) and perpendicular to it, all target atom cascades in the target are followed in detail; concent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23080387 |
Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter description of ion channeling effects is not possible, recombination of knocked off atoms (interstitials) with the vacancies, an effect known to be very important in heat spikes in metals, is neglected; There is no description of defect clustering and irradiation-induced amorphizati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23080387 |
Random hexamer A random hexamer or random hexonucleotides are for various PCR applications such as rolling circle amplification to prime the DNA. They are oligonucleotide sequences of 6 bases which are synthesised entirely randomly to give a numerous range of sequences that have the potential to anneal at many random p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23081873 |
Bismuth fluoride may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23088025 |
Spin crossover Spin Crossover (SCO) is a phenomenon that occurs in some metal complexes wherein the spin state of the complex changes due to an external stimulus. The stimulus include temperature, pressure, is sometimes referred to as spin transition or spin equilibrium behavior. The change in spin state usually involv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23089179 |
Spin crossover " who discovered anomalous magnetic behavior for the tris(N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamatoiron(III) complexes. The spin states of these complexes were sensitive to the nature of the amine substituents. In the 1960s, the first Co SCO complex was reported. Magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopic studie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23089179 |
Spin crossover Consequently X-ray crystallography above and below transition temperatures will generally reveal changes in metal-ligand bond lengths. Transitions from a HS to a LS state cause a decrease in and a strengthening of the metal-ligand bond. These changes are also manifested in FT-IR and Raman spectra. The sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23089179 |
Spin crossover One example is [Fe(tmphen)][Co(CN)] trigonal bipyramid (TBP), with the Fe centers in the equatorial positions. The HS Fe remains under 20% i the range of 4.2 K to 50 K, but at room temperature about two-thirds of the Fe ions in the sample are HS, as shown by the absorption band at 2.1 mm/s, while the oth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23089179 |
Spin crossover The change in spin transition temperature, T and pressure obeys the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship: formula_1 The increase in pressure will decrease the volume of the unit cell of the Fe(phen)(SCN) and increase the T of the system. A linear relationship between T and pressure for Fe(phen)(SCN), where th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23089179 |
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