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C8H5NO2 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass: 147.13 g/mol, exact mass: 147.032028 u) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23582612 |
C9H7N The molecular formula CHN may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23582780 |
C12H24O2 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23582896 |
Agricultural pollution refers to biotic and abiotic byproducts of farming practices that result in contamination or degradation of the environment and surrounding ecosystems, and/or cause injury to humans and their economic interests. The pollution may come from a variety of sources, ranging from point source water pol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution Pesticide leaching occurs when pesticides mix with water and move through the soil, ultimately contaminating groundwater. The amount of leaching is correlated with particular soil and pesticide characteristics and the degree of rainfall and irrigation. Leaching is most likely to happen if using a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution Nitrate fertilizers are much more likely to be lost to the soil profile through runoff because of its high solubility and like charges between the molecule and negatively charged clay particles. High application rates of nitrogen-containing fertilizers combined with the high water-solubility of n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution A common result of this in aquatic ecosystems is eutrophication which in turn creates hypoxic and anoxic conditions - both of which are deadly and/or damaging to many species. Nitrogen fertilization can also release NH gases into the atmosphere which can then be converted into NO compounds. A gre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution However, most organisms, including agricultural crops, only require a small amount of phosphorus because they have evolved in ecosystems with relatively low amounts of it. Microbial populations in soils are able to convert organic forms of phosphorus to soluble plant available forms such as phosp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution For example, mono-ammonium phosphate fertilizer may have a cadmium content of as low as 0.14 mg/kg or as high as 50.9 mg/kg. This is because the phosphate rock used in their manufacture can contain as much as 188 mg/kg cadmium (examples are deposits on Nauru and the Christmas islands). Continuous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution Limits to the cadmium content of phosphate fertilizers has been considered by the European Commission. Producers of phosphorus-containing fertilizers now select phosphate rock based on the cadmium content. Phosphate rocks contain high levels of fluoride. Consequently, the widespread use of phosph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution The challenge is that manures and biosolids contain not only nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, but they may also contain contaminants, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). There is a wide variety and vast quantity of PPCPs consumed by both humans and ani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution Some metals are essential to plant growth, however an abundance can have adverse effects on plant health. Steel industry wastes, which are often recycled into fertilizers due to their high levels of zinc (essential to plant growth), can also include the following toxic metals: lead, arsenic, cadm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution Sedimentation can decrease the transport capacity of ditches, streams, rivers, and navigation channels. It can also limit the amount of light penetrating the water, which affects aquatic biota. The resulting turbidity from sedimentation can interfere with feeding habits of fishes, affecting popul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution 6% only (or 28% of agricultural GHG emissions). This is because of the need replace animal manures by fertilizers and to replace also other animal coproducts, and because livestock now use human-inedible food and fiber processing byproducts. Moreover, people would suffer from a greater number of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution For example, the transport of bumble bees reared in Europe and shipped to the United States and/or Canada for use as commercial pollinators has led to the introduction of an Old World parasite to the New World. This introduction may play a role in recent native bumble bee declines in North Americ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution These quarantines are enforced by inspectors at state borders and ports of entry. The use of biological pest control agents, or using predators, parasitoids, parasites, and pathogens to control agricultural pests, has the potential to reduce agricultural pollution associated with other pest contr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution In order to prevent agricultural pollution, quarantine and extensive research on the organism’s potential efficacy and ecological impacts are required prior to introduction. If approved, attempts are made to colonize and disperse the biocontrol agent in appropriate agricultural settings. Continua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution While there may be some concerns regarding the use of GM products, it may also be the solution to some of the existing animal agriculture pollution issues. One of the main sources of pollution, particularly vitamin and mineral drift in soils, comes from a lack of digestive efficiency in animals. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution According to a 2005 report by the USDA, more than 335 million tons of "dry matter" waste (the waste after water is removed) is produced annually on farms in the United States. Animal feeding operations produce about 100 times more manure than the amount of human sewage sludge processed in US muni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution Manure treatment can also reduce the risk of human health and biosecurity risks by reducing the amount of pathogens present in manure. Undiluted animal manure or slurry is one hundred times more concentrated than domestic sewage, and can carry an intestinal parasite, "Cryptosporidium," which is d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
Agricultural pollution Anaerobic digestion is the biological treatment of liquid animal waste using bacteria in an area absent of air, which promotes the decomposition of organic solids. Hot water is used to heat the waste in order to increase the rate of biogas production. The remaining liquid is nutrient rich and can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589344 |
C18H32O2 The molecular formula CHO (Molar mass: 280.44 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23593405 |
C18H30O2 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23593450 |
C8H15NOS2 The molecular formula CHNOS (molar mass: 205.341 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23593482 |
C10H19O6PS2 The molecular formula CHOPS (molar mass: 330.358 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23593722 |
Borate buffered saline (abbreviated BBS) is a buffer used in some biochemical techniques to maintain the pH within a relatively narrow range. Borate buffers have an alkaline buffering capacity in the 8–10 range. Boric acid has a pK of 9.14 at 25°C. BBS has many uses because it is isotonic and has a strong bactericidal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23594484 |
Steven Zimmerman Professor Steven C. Zimmerman is an organic chemist on the faculty of the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was born in Chicago in 1957, the second son of the organic chemist Howard Zimmerman. He attended public schools in Madison, Wisconsin where he received a B.S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23595875 |
Steven Zimmerman He negotiated and oversaw a cooperative agreement to port the University of Illinois Department of Chemistry undergraduate curriculum to the Hanoi University of Science in Vietnam, increased standards for graduate enrollment, and increased the diversity of the faculty, staff, and student body. His earl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23595875 |
Optical contact bonding is a glueless process whereby two closely conformal surfaces are joined together, being held purely by intermolecular forces. Isaac Newton has been credited with the first description of conformal interaction observed through the interference phenomenon known as Newton's rings, though it was S. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23596560 |
Optical contact bonding Such a condition requires a high degree of accuracy and surface smoothness, which is typically found in optical components, such as prisms. In addition to both surfaces' being practically conformal (in practice often completely flat), the surfaces must also be extremely clean and free from any s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23596560 |
Design II for Windows DESIGN II for Windows is a rigorous process simulator for chemical and hydrocarbon processes including refining, refrigeration, petrochemical, gas processing, gas treating, pipelines, fuel cells, ammonia, methanol and hydrogen facilities. In 1969 the DESIGN program was first offered on the Univers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23597565 |
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research articles in the broad field of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Some of the subjects covered are the development of instruments for mass spectrometry, metallomics, ionics, and the analytical characterization of nano-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23603242 |
Bioanalysis is a sub-discipline of analytical chemistry covering the quantitative measurement of xenobiotics (drugs and their metabolites, and biological molecules in unnatural locations or concentrations) and biotics (macromolecules, proteins, DNA, large molecule drugs, metabolites) in biological systems. Many scienti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23604382 |
Bioanalysis These were unable to discriminate between the drug and its metabolites; for example, aspirin (circa 1900) and sulfonamides (developed in the 1930s) were quantified by the use of colorimetric assays. Antibiotics were quantified by their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The 1930s also saw the rise of phar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23604382 |
Bioanalysis Often they are part of a bigger organisation, e.g. Bioanalytical Focus Group and Ligand Binding Assay Bioanalytical Focus Group, which are both within the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) and FABIAN, a working group of the Analytical Chemistry Section of the Royal Netherlands Chemica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23604382 |
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane is a haloalkane with the formula . It is one of the three isomers of dichlorofluoroethane. It belongs to the hydrochlorofluorocarbon family (HCFC). is mainly used as a refrigerant under the names R-141b or HCFC-141b. It is a non-flammable, colourless liquid in atmospheric conditions. The com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23605014 |
Chloranil is a quinone with the molecular formula CClO. Also known as tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, it is a yellow solid. Like the parent benzoquinone, chloranil is a planar molecule that functions as a mild oxidant. is produced by chlorination of phenol to give hexachlorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one ("hexachlorophenol"). ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23606776 |
Ultrafiltered milk (UF milk), also known as diafiltered milk, is a subclassification of milk protein concentrate that is produced by passing milk under pressure through a thin, porous membrane to separate the components of milk according to their size. Specifically, ultra filtration allows the smaller lactose, water, m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609445 |
List of veterinary drugs This article lists veterinary pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many veterinary drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Abbreviations are used in the list as follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609968 |
Chemik Polski was the first Polish scientific journal of chemistry. It was published weekly, and later bi-weekly, in the years 1901-1918 by the Chemistry Section of the Warsaw Branch of the Russian Society for the Promotion of Industry and Commerce and covered all branches of theoretical and applied chemistry. The jour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23612452 |
Chemiker Zeitung was a German scientific journal with publications on general and industrial chemistry. It was established in 1877, and it issued in Köthen. From 1932 onwards, it was named "Forschrittsbericht der Chemiker-Zeitung über die wichtigsten Gebiete der Chemie und chemischen Industrie" and in 1950 the name cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23612500 |
Jahres-Bericht über die Fortschritte der chemischen Technologie für Fabrikanten, Chemiker, Pharmaceuten, Hütten- und Forstleute und Cameralisten is a German scientific journal on chemistry, pharmacy and metallurgy. The journal was published in Leipzig by Otto Wigand from 1855-1859. The journal continued from 1859-1912 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23612550 |
Energy homeostasis In biology, energy homeostasis, or the homeostatic control of energy balance, is a biological process that involves the coordinated homeostatic regulation of food intake (energy inflow) and energy expenditure (energy outflow). The human brain, particularly the hypothalamus, plays a central role in re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23613099 |
Energy homeostasis Energy intake is modulated by hunger, which is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus, and choice, which is determined by the sets of brain structures that are responsible for stimulus control (i.e., operant conditioning and classical conditioning) and cognitive control of eating behavior. Hunger is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23613099 |
Energy homeostasis This review was conducted on short term studies, therefore such a mechanism cannot be excluded in the long term, as evidence is currently lacking on this timeframe. A positive balance is a result of "energy intake" being "higher" than what is consumed in external work and other bodily means of energy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23613099 |
Energy homeostasis Yet, there are currently ongoing studies to show if calorie restriction to below normal values have beneficial effects, and even though they are showing positive indications in primates it is still not certain if calorie restriction has a positive effect on longevity for primates and humans. Calorie ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23613099 |
Catalysis Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on catalysis in a wide range of sub-disciplines such as homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis. It was previously published by Baltzer Science Publishers, which was then sold to Wolters Kluwer (which later became Springer Science+Busi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23614643 |
Silicon (journal) Silicon is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer and founded in 2009 by editor in chief Stephen Clarson. It deals with all aspects of silicon. Published research involves materials biology, materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering, and environmental science. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23614788 |
Enantiopure drug An enantiopure drug is a pharmaceutical that is available in one specific enantiomeric form. Most biological molecules (proteins, sugars, etc.) are present in only one of many chiral forms, so different enantiomers of a chiral drug molecule bind differently (or not at all) to target receptors. One enan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23616040 |
Enantiopure drug While selectivity is deemed important in scientific literature, it has been challenging to effectively implement selectivity in drug development and production. A major issue with selectivity in pharmaceuticals is that a large percentage of drug syntheses by nature are not selective reactions, racemic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23616040 |
Enantiopure drug In order to profile the different stereoisomers of enantiopure drugs, manufacturers are urged to develop quantitative assays for individual enantiomers in "in vivo" samples early in the development stage. Ideally, the main pharmacologic activities of the isomers should be compared in "in vitro" systems... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23616040 |
Enantiopure drug Patentability of different isomers has been controversial over the past ten years and there have been a number of related legal issues. In making their determinations, courts have looked at factors including: (i) Whether the racemate was known in the prior art. (ii) The difficulty in resolving the enan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23616040 |
Return flow is surface and subsurface water that leaves the field following application of irrigation water. While irrigation return flows are point sources, in the United States they are expressly exempted from discharge permit requirements under the Clean Water Act. Return flows generally return to the irrigation cen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23616088 |
C8H16 The molecular formula CH may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618338 |
C8H18 The molecular formula CH may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618390 |
Trimethylpentane may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618426 |
Nutrient pollution Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algal growth. Sources of nutrient pollution include surface runoff f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Nutrient pollution The sources may be point sources, nonpoint sources, or both: from some air pollution sources may occur independently of the local land uses, due to long-range transport of air pollutants from distant sources. Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is the largest source of water quality impairme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Nutrient pollution Surface runoff from farm fields, the principal source of nutrients in many watersheds, is classified as NPS pollution and is not regulated by NPDES permits. A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is a regulatory plan that prescribes the maximum amount of a pollutant (including nutrients) that a body of wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Nutrient pollution In Long Island Sound, the TMDL development process enabled the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to incorporate a 58.5 percent nitrogen reduction target into a regulatory and legal framework. Innovative soluti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Nutrient pollution Bioremediation can occur on its own as natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation or can be encouraged by the addition of fertilizers, a strategy called biostimulation. Nutrient bioextraction is bioremediation involving cultured plants and animals. Nutrient bioextraction or bioharvesting is the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Nutrient pollution In 1998, the agency published a "National Nutrient Strategy" with a focus on developing nutrient criteria. Between 2000 and 2010 EPA published federal-level nutrient criteria for rivers/streams, lakes/reservoirs, estuaries and wetlands; and related guidance. "Ecoregional" nutrient criteria for 14 eco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Nutrient pollution In 2009 the NTIG issued a report, "An Urgent Call to Action," expressing concern that water quality continued to deteriorate nationwide due to increasing nutrient pollution, and recommending more vigorous development of nutrient standards by the states. In 2011 EPA reiterated the need for states to f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Nutrient pollution A 2013 Forest Trends report summarized water quality trading programs and found three main types of funders: beneficiaries of watershed protection, polluters compensating for their impacts and "public good payers" that may not directly benefit, but fund the pollution reduction credits on behalf of a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Nutrient pollution For example, the Source Load Apportionment Model (SLAM) takes the latter approach, estimating the relative contribution of sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to surface waters in Irish catchments without in-stream monitoring data by integrating information on point discharges (urban wastewater, indus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618578 |
Minor Use Animal Drug Program The (or National Research Support Project 7) is the counterpart for animals of the IR-4 Minor Crop Pest Management Program. The program targets development of therapeutic drugs for minor species, such as small ruminants and aquatic species, plus support for drugs for minor use within major... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618627 |
W. E. S. Turner William Ernest Stephen Turner (22 September 1881 – 27 October 1963) was a British chemist and pioneer of scientific glass technology. Turner was born in Wednesbury, Staffordshire on 22 September 1881. He went to King Edward VI Grammar School, Five Ways, Birmingham, and achieved a BSc (1902) and MSc (190... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23619441 |
W. E. S. Turner Following his retirement, he produced an extensive series on the history of glass technology and on glass in archeology. Apart from this, in 1909, he wrote a series of articles in the Sheffield Daily Telegraph about the scientist in industry, in which cooperation with universities was urged. His early c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23619441 |
W. E. S. Turner Turner initially taught physical chemistry, and in 1905 started specific courses for metallurgists. This involvement led him to become President of the Sheffield Society of Applied Metallurgy in 1914. In 1915, the Department of Glass Manufacture began an outreach programme, providing short courses to in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23619441 |
Indium-111 WBC scan The indium white blood cell scan, is a nuclear medicine procedure in which white blood cells (mostly neutrophils) are removed from the patient, tagged with the radioisotope Indium-111, and then injected intravenously into the patient. The tagged leukocytes subsequently localize to areas of relativel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23624457 |
Indium-111 WBC scan However, the indium leukocyte scan will localize only to the approximately 25% of such cases which are caused by acute infections, while gallium is more broadly sensitive, localizing to other sources of fever, such as chronic infections and tumors. Gallium may be a better choice for spleen study bec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23624457 |
Electrofiltration is a method that combines membrane filtration and electrophoresis in a dead-end process. is regarded as an appropriate technique for concentration and fractionation of biopolymers. The film formation on the filter membrane which hinders filtration can be minimized or completely avoided by the applicat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23627434 |
Electrofiltration The promising application in purification of biotechnological products is based on the fact that biopolymers are difficult for filtration but on the other hand they are usually charged as a result of the presence of amino and carboxyl groups. The objective of electrofiltration is to prevent the format... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23627434 |
Electrofiltration The electrophoretic force is evaluated following the Coulomb’s law. In these equations "r" presents the hydrodynamic radius of the colloids, formula_3 – the speed of electrophoretic migration, formula_4 – the dynamic viscosity of the solutions, formula_5 – dielectric constant in vacuum, formula_6 is w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23627434 |
Electrofiltration Modifying the Darcy’s basic equation, describing filter cake formation, with electro-kinetic effects by integration under assumption of using the constants of electro-osmotic pressure "P", the critical electric field "E" and the electric field "E" results: Previous scientific works conducted in the De... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23627434 |
Ehrlich's reagent or Ehrlich reagent is a reagent that contains "p"-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) and thus can act as an indicator to presumptively identify indoles and urobilinogen. Several Ehrlich tests use the reagent in a medical test; some are drug tests and others contribute to diagnosis of various diseases or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23640235 |
Superior multimineral process The (also known as the McDowell–Wellman process or circular grate process) is an above ground shale oil extraction technology designed for production of shale oil, a type of synthetic crude oil. The process heats oil shale in a sealed horizontal segmented vessel (retort) causing its decomp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23642093 |
Superior multimineral process As a result, most of the nahcolite in the oil shale becomes a fine powder what could screened out. Screened oil shale lumps are further crushed to particles smaller than . Oil shale particles are further processed in a horizontal segmented doughnut-shaped traveling-grate retort in the dire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23642093 |
Superior multimineral process The traveling-grate retort allows close temperature control, and therefore better control of dawsonite's solubility during the burning stage. During retorting, there is no relative movement of oil shale, which avoids dust creation, and therefore increase the quality of generated products. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23642093 |
Dehalogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the cleavage of C-Halogen bond to form product. can be divided into two subclasses: reductive dehalogenation and hydro dehalogenation. Organic halides belong to a class of organic compounds that contain carbon-halogen bond. In 1832, scientist named Justus von Liebig s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23642182 |
Dehalogenation Alkali and alkaline earth metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium have proven to be great dehalogenation catalysts. During dehalogenation reaction, the metals act as a reducing agent to break down carbon-halogen bonds. Halogen can then leave as a leaving group. The generic way t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23642182 |
Dehalogenation Morisson and his co-workers also reported dehalogenation of organic halides by flash vacuum pyrolysis using magnesium. Many groups have reported dehalogenation processes using different forms of homogeneous and heterogeneous transition metal complexes such as 0M, metal-ligand complexes, metal salts, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23642182 |
Dehalogenation Javier and his-coworkers reported the synthesis of Iron (II) fluoride complexes. The complexes were then used as precursor and precatalysts for hydrodefluorination of fluorocarbons. They reported the first synthesis of a three-coordinate iron-fluoride complex. Jayant and his coworkers developed two phase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23642182 |
Nitrobenzaldehyde may refer to any of the three isomeric chemical compounds : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23648676 |
Fucosylation is the process of adding fucose sugar units to a molecule. It is a type of glycosylation. It is important clinically, and high levels of fucusylation have been reported in cancer. It is performed by fucosyltransferase enzymes. has been observed in vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, bacteria, and fungi. It... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23648859 |
Cell casting is a method used for creating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets. Liquid monomer is poured between two flat sheets of toughened glass sealed with a rubber gasket and heated for polymerization. Because the glass sheets may contain surface scratches or sag during the process, this traditional method has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649157 |
Cast iron pipe is pipe made predominantly from gray cast iron It was historically used as a pressure pipe for transmission of water, gas and sewage, and as a water drainage pipe during the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. was frequently used uncoated, although later coatings and linings reduced corrosion and improv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649298 |
Cast iron pipe Despite extensive refurbishment in 2008 by Saint-Gobain PAM, 80% remain original. Cast iron proved to be a beneficial material for the manufacture of water pipes and was used as a replacement for the original elm pipelines utilized earlier. These water pipelines were composed of individually cast pipe se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649298 |
Cast iron pipe This type of joint also allows some deflection to occur without sacrificing joint integrity, so that minor alignment adjustments can be made during installation, and the joints retain their integrity when subjected to limited subsidence. Typical joint deflections at mechanical joints today range anywhere... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649298 |
Cast iron pipe Horizontal casting resulted in an uneven distribution of metal around the pipe circumference. Typically slag would collect at the crown of the pipe creating a much weaker section. In 1845, the first pipe was cast vertically in a pit and by the end of the century, all pipe was manufactured by this method.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649298 |
Cast iron pipe Pipe formed in metal molds were typically annealed after casting to eliminate any stresses in the pipe, and were then cleaned, inspected, tested, gauged (for dimensions), coated internally and/or externally, and stored for use. Standards for cast-iron pipe centrifugally cast in metal molds for water were... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649298 |
Cast iron pipe In electro-chemical corrosion, internal anodes develop where bare iron is exposed to aggressive waters, promoting iron to move into solution. The iron combines with various components in the water, forming a tubercle on the pipe interior. This process of tuberculation can eventually cause significant res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649298 |
Cast iron pipe The first standardization of cast iron water pipes in Britain occurred in 1917 with the publishing of BS 78. This standard specified a dimensionless nominal size, which approximately corresponded with the internal diameter in inches of the pipe, and four pressure classes, Class A, Class B, Class C and Cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649298 |
Topological insulator A topological insulator is a material that behaves as an insulator in its interior but whose surface contains conducting states, meaning that electrons can only move along the surface of the material. Topological insulators have non-trivial symmetry-protected topological order; however, having a c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649871 |
Topological insulator On the surface of a topological insulator there are special states that fall within the bulk energy gap and allow surface metallic conduction. Carriers in these surface states have their spin locked at a right-angle to their momentum (spin-momentum locking). At a given energy the only other availa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649871 |
Topological insulator Time-reversal symmetry-protected two-dimensional edge states were predicted in 1987 by Oleg Pankratov to occur in quantum wells (very thin layers) of mercury telluride sandwiched between cadmium telluride, and were observed in 2007. It was discovered that electrons that are confined to two dimensi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649871 |
Topological insulator Using angle- resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and other measurements, it was observed that BiSb alloy exhibits an odd surface state (SS) crossing between any pair of Kramers points and the bulk features massive Dirac fermions. Additionally, bulk BiSb has been predicted to have 3D Dirac particl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649871 |
Topological insulator In a new Bi based chalcogenide (BiSbTeS) with slightly Sn - doping, exhibits an intrinsic semiconductor behavior with Fermi energy and Dirac point lie in the bulk gap and the surface states were probed by the charge transport experiments. In was proposed in 2008 and 2009 that topological insulator... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649871 |
Topological insulator ) The non-trivialness of topological insulators is encoded in the existence of a gas of helical Dirac fermions. Dirac particles which behave like massless relativistic fermions have been observed in 3D topological insulators. Note that the gapless surface states of topological insulators differ fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649871 |
Topological insulator The most promising applications of topological insulators are spintronic devices and dissipationless transistors for quantum computers based on the quantum Hall effect and quantum anomalous Hall effect. In addition, topological insulator materials have also found practical applications in advanced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649871 |
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