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Legionnaires' disease People with Pontiac fever, a much milder illness caused by the same bacterium, experience fever and muscle aches without pneumonia. They generally recover in 2–5 days without treatment. For Pontiac fever, the time between exposure and symptoms is generally a few hours to two days. Over 90% of case... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease Amoebae are often part of biofilms, and once "Legionella" and infected amoebae are protected within a biofilm, they are particularly difficult to destroy. In the built environment, central air conditioning systems in office buildings, hotels, and hospitals are sources of contaminated water. Other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease In the lung, the bacteria are consumed by macrophages, a type of white blood cell, inside of which the "Legionella" bacteria multiply, causing the death of the macrophage. Once the macrophage dies, the bacteria are released from the dead cell to infect other macrophages. Virulent strains of "Legio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease pneumophila" serogroup 1, the urine antigen test is useful for early detection of Legionnaire's disease and initiation of treatment, and has been helpful in early detection of outbreaks. However, it does not identify the specific subtypes, so it cannot be used to match the person with the environm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease ) Some of the elements that such a plan may include are: An effective water safety plan also covers such matters as training, record-keeping, communication among staff, contingency plans, and management responsibilities. The format and content of the plan may be prescribed by public health laws or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease The recommended treatment is 5–10 days of levofloxacin or 3–5 days of azithromycin, but in people who are immunocompromised, have severe disease, or other pre-existing health conditions, longer antibiotic use may be necessary. During outbreaks, prophylactic antibiotics have been used to prevent in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease Outbreaks of receive significant media attention, but this disease usually occurs in single, isolated cases not associated with any recognized outbreak. When outbreaks do occur, they are usually in the summer and early autumn, though cases may occur at any time of year. Most infections occur in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease A 2011 study successfully used modeling to predict the likely number of cases during Legionnaires' outbreaks based on symptom onset dates from past outbreaks. In this way, the eventual likely size of an outbreak can be predicted, enabling efficient and effective use of public health resources in m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease More than 800 suspected cases were recorded by the time the last case was treated on 22 July; 636–696 of these cases were estimated and 449 confirmed (so, at least 16,000 people were exposed to the bacterium) and 6 died, a case-fatality rate around 1%. In September 2005, 127 residents of a nursing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease In July and August 2015, another, unrelated outbreak in the Bronx killed 12 people and made about 120 people sick; the cases arose from a cooling tower on top of a hotel. At the end of September, another person died of the disease and 13 were sickened in yet another unrelated outbreak in the Bronx... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Legionnaires' disease In the fall of 2017, 22 cases were reported in a outbreak in Anaheim, CA's Disneyland theme park. It was believed to have been caused by a cooling tower that releases mist for the comfort of visitors. The contaminated droplets likely spread to the people in and beyond the park. In July 2019, eleve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41678169 |
Floating reedbeds are artificial or natural systems consisting of buoyancy and reeds. Plants including rice and wheat can be cultivated on floating reedbeds. The primary purpose of artificial floating reedbeds is to improve water quality through biofiltration, preventing algal blooms through denitrification and plant n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41691180 |
Erich Clar (August 23, 1902 – March 27, 1987) was an organic chemist who studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon chemistry. He is considered as the father of that field. He authored the two-volume "Polycyclic Hydrocarbons", which described the syntheses, properties, and UV-visible absorption spectra of hundreds of PAHs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41696772 |
Putative gene A putative gene is a segment of DNA that is believed to be a gene. Putative genes can share sequence similarities to already characterized genes and thus can be inferred to share a similar function, yet the exact function of putative genes remains unknown. Newly identified sequences are considered putativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41697085 |
Putative gene These alterations leave the transcription unit and promoter of the gene intact, but may involve distal promoters, enhancer/silencer elements, or the local chromatin environment. These mutations can be associated with diseases or disorders associated with the gene. Putative genes can be identified by clust... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41697085 |
Pill of Immortality The was an elixir or pill sought by Chinese alchemists to confer physical or spiritual immortality. The search for the pill was started several centuries BC, and continued until 500 AD and was often based on gold. Its search was supported by the emperors and the nobility of China, with a strong trad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41701288 |
YcaO is a protein found in bacteria which is involved in the synthesis of thiazole/oxazole modified microcin antibiotics, such as bottromycin. performs ATP dependent cylodehydration to form the oxazole and thiazole moieties of the microcin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41705576 |
List of unsaturated fatty acids The following fatty acids have one unsaturated bond. Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a "trans"-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. CH COH, IUPAC organization name ("E")-but-2-enoic acid, " trans " -but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4: 1, n-1, molecular ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41706691 |
List of unsaturated fatty acids 4 °C, specific gravity 0.891. CAS Registry Number 112-80-1. Elaidic acid has 18 carbons and is a "trans"-9-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. It is also a "trans" isomer of oleic acid. CHCOH, IUPAC organization name ("E")-octadec-9-enoic acid, numerical representation 18:1 (9), n-9, molecular ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41706691 |
List of unsaturated fatty acids Nervonic acid has 24 carbons, is found in brain glycolipids (Nervon) and sphingomyelin, and is a "cis"15-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. CHCOH, IUPAC organization name ("Z")-tetracos-15-enoic acid, numerical representation 24:1, n-9, molecular weight 366.62, melting point 42-43 °C. CAS Regi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41706691 |
List of unsaturated fatty acids CHCOH, IUPAC organization name (9"Z ", 12"Z ", 15 " Z")-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid, numerical representation 18: 3 (9,12,15), n-3, molecular weight 278.43, melting point -11 °C, specific gravity 0.914. CAS Registry Number 463-40-1. γ-linolenic acid (gamma-linolenic's) has 18 carbons,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41706691 |
List of unsaturated fatty acids CHCOH, IUPAC organization name (5"Z ", 8"Z ", 11 " Z")-icosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid, numerical representation 20: 3 (5,8,11), n-9, molecular weight 306.48. CAS Registry Number 20590-32-3. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (dihomo-gamma-linolenic's, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, DGLA) has 20 carbons, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41706691 |
List of unsaturated fatty acids Prostaglandin, and important as starting materials for the thromboxane, leukotriene such as are known as a series of metabolic pathway to give eicosanoids, arachidonic acid cascade are compounds. CHCOH, IUPAC organization name (5"Z ", 8"Z ", 11 " Z ", 14"Z")-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41706691 |
List of unsaturated fatty acids The recommendation of ingesting fish oil supplements during pregnancy is said to help increase the cognitive ability at 6 months, but mercury concentration in fish products offsets the effect. In patients with hyperlipidemia and obstructive artery disease it can help lower triglycerides ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41706691 |
List of unsaturated fatty acids CHCOH, IUPAC organization name (9"Z ", 12"Z ", 15 " Z ", 18"Z ", 21"Z")-tetracosa-9,12,15,18,21-pentaenoic acid, numerical representation 24: 5 (9,12,15,18,21), n-3, molecular weight 358.56. The following fatty acids have six unsaturated bonds. Cervonic acid (or docosahexaenoic acid) has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41706691 |
CDP-choline pathway The CDP-choline pathway, first identified by Eugene Kennedy in 1956, is the predominant mechanism by which mammalian cells synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC) for incorporation into membranes or lipid-derived signalling molecules. The represents one half of what is known as the Kennedy pathway. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41714108 |
CDP-choline pathway On the other hand, choline may enter the cell through the activation of low-affinity, sodium-independent organic cation transport proteins (OCTs) and/or carnitine/organic cation transporters (OCTNs), and do not require ATP. Lastly, choline may enter the cell through intermediate-affinity transporter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41714108 |
CDP-choline pathway CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway, is a nuclear/cytosolic enzyme and catalyzes the following reaction: CCT functions as a dimer of either α and β subunits encoded by "Pcyt1a" and "Pcyt1b", respectively. CCTα has four domains; a Nuclear localizatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41714108 |
CDP-choline pathway Choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase (CEPT), or Choline Phosphotransferase (CPT) the last enzymatic reaction in the CDP-choline pathway, catalyzes the following reaction: The last step in the is catalyzed by either CPT or CEPT and are localized to the Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum, respectively.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41714108 |
NdhF The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase F ("ndh"F) gene is found in all vascular plant divisions and is highly conserved. Its DNA fragment resides in the small single-copy region of the chloroplast genome, and is thought to encode a hydrophobic protein containing 664 amino acids and to have a mass of 72.9 kDa. The "ndh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41716790 |
Epitranscriptome Within the field of molecular biology, the epitranscriptome includes all the biochemical modifications of the RNA (the transcriptome) within a cell. In analogy to epigenetics that describes "functionally relevant changes to the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence", epitranscr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome ADAR affects a series of cellular processes, including alternative splicing, microRNAs, the innate immune system, and leads to protein recoding especially for important receptors in the central nervous system. mA describes the methylation of the nitrogen at position 6 in the adenosine base within mRNA.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome The mechanisms controlling the addition of mA to some types of RNA have been described, but others remain unknown. The terms, "writer", "eraser" and "reader" have been associated with RNA modification. An "Eraser" is a category of enzymes that demethylate mA. Proteins that recognize and bind to mA are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Discovery of the METTL3 complex proved that mA is a reversible mark, and this fact was crucial for the development of the field of epitranscriptomics. Members of the YTH domain protein family act as "readers" of mA. The study of these proteins has been key in understanding the functions and effects of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Moreover, mutations in FTO can lead to developmental failures, brain atrophy and physiological disorders in adulthood. mRNA methylation is important throughout the entire life-cycle of the mRNA, starting with the alternative polyadenylation (APA) of some transcripts. mA sites are often located in the l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome When a mA-modified codon interacts with its cognate tRNA (the tRNA with the anticodon that is complementary to a particular codon), it acts more like a near-cognate codon interaction instead of the cognate codon interaction. This can be seen in the delay in the tRNA accommodation, which is dependent up... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome This process is needed to rapidly degrade pluripotency transcription factor transcripts, to enable the commitment of a pluripotent stem cell to a specific cell lineage. Reduced levels of mA in mice embryos lead to embryonic lethality during the early stages of development. Stem loop structures can some... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome mA also has additional roles in alternative splicing by acting as the binding site for YTHDC1 (YTHDC1 binds to mA residues located in alternative exons). YTHDC1 has a double role in alternative splicing. First of all, it recruits the serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3), which promotes ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome This facilitates the accessibility of DNA-repairing proteins, such as DNA polymerase K, so that they can fulfil their function. Alterations in the pathways leading to the addition of the removal of the mA mark result in impaired gene expression and cellular function, which can lead to disease. Normal m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome N1-methyladenosine is a modified nucleoside in which a methyl group is added to N1 of the adenosine base. This modification introduces a positive charge on the nitrogen atom to which the methyl group is added, because the modified nitrogen donates its lone pair to the carbon atom of the methyl group in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Two different kinds of RNA mC "writers" have been identified: NOP2/SUN RNA methyltransferase (NSUN) and DNA methyltransferase-2. It is important to note that DNMT-2 is a protein that falls under the DNMT family, which contains three other DNMTs (1, 3a, and 3b) known to demonstrate methylation activity ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) modifications were described well before the conception of epitranscriptomics. These modifications are very common in tissues and cells of the nervous system, and malfunctions in this deamination can result in a variety of different human diseases. A-to-I deamination has b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome This modification is particularly widespread and found amongst a variety of organisms, indicating that perhaps convergent evolution took place in the development of this nucleoside. Eukaryotic cells cannot synthesize queuosine, so they must rely on prokaryotes of the microbiome to produce and increase ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Pseudouridine increases the stability of the modified RNA by making the sugar-phosphate backbone more rigid and by facilitating base stacking interactions (pseudouridine contains an extra hydrogen bond donor). When it comes to Watson-Crick base pair interactions, the pseudouridine-adenosine base pair i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome On the other hand, several PUS enzymes, such as PUS1 and TRUB2 are located in the mitochondria, modifying a number of mitochondrial mRNAs (mt-mRNAs). In tRNA, PUS1 and PUS7 modify the second uridine in the UGUAR consensus sequence, as long as this sequence is located in a very structured region of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome All these methods are based on the unique reaction between pseudouridine and N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (CMCT). The RNA to be analyzed is fragmented and incubated with CMCT. Even if CMCT can form covalent bonds with U, G and Ψ residues, only Ψ-CMC is resist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome rRNA modifications take place in and around the peptidyl transferasecenter, the active site of the ribosome. Some modifications include pseudouridines, 2′-O-methylations on backbone sugars, and methylated bases. It is not well known what the biological effects of these modifications are on the rRNA mol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Some studies have shown that the modifications of tRNA can be dynamic and adaptive to the changes of the environment. Examples include methylation of cytosine groups by tRNA methyltransferase (Trm4) in response to the depletion of nutrients in the body. The tRNA's cruciform structure is incredibly impo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome The modification seen at the 5' cap perfectly demonstrates how modifications to mRNA can impact its function, as the 5' cap is necessary to initiate translation. Therefore, modifications, such as N7-methylguanine during RNA processing, to the 5' cap may effect the ability of the ribosome to initiate tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Some "trans-"spliced snRNAs have been observed to have a N,N,7-trimethylguanosine cap. This particular modification to the guanosine cap is rare in snRNAs. Trans-splicing is a phenomenon in which exons from two different primary RNA transcripts are ligated together. These rare variants have been seen d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Editing and modifications to lncRNA have demonstrated to result in changes in RNA expression and rate of mutation. 5-methylcytosine (mC), N-methyladenosine (mA), and pseudouridine are the three most common and most studied modifications occurring in lncRNA. Modifications to the nucleotide structure are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome The epitranscriptomic analysis of viral transcripts has revealed that mA levels in viral and cellular transcripts are similar. Nevertheless, in some viruses such as adenovirus-2, mA levels are higher in viral mRNAs. As with cellular RNAs, mA is predominantly added in the nucleus by METTL3, with the ass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome Even if mA-marked viral transcripts are involved in regulating gene expression of a number of different viruses, the mechanisms by which this happens have not been identified. To date, three possible models have been proposed. Although METTL3 and METTL14 are mostly localized in the nucleus, they can al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Epitranscriptome For instance, N,2-O-dimethyladenosine (mA) can be found in influenza and herpes simplex virus type 1, even though the effect this mark has on the life cycle of these viruses remains unknown. Another modification commonly found in coronaviruses, flaviviruses and poxviruses (all of them are cytoplasmic v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41719778 |
Rigidity theory (physics) Rigidity theory, or topological constraint theory, is a tool for predicting properties of complex networks (such as glasses) based on their composition. It was introduced by Phillips in 1979 and 1981, and refined by Thorpe in 1983. Inspired by the study of the stability of mechanical trusses a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41733409 |
Rigidity theory (physics) As stated by Maxwell's criterion, a mechanical truss is isostatic when the number of constraints equals the number of degrees of freedom of the nodes. In this case, the truss is optimally constrained, being rigid but free of stress. This criterion has been applied by Phillips to molecular netw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41733409 |
Rigidity theory (physics) This yields formula_6 This can be applied to each node in the system by normalizing by the number of nodes formula_7 where formula_8, formula_9, and the last term has been dropped since for atomistic systems formula_10. Isostatic conditions are achieved when formula_11, yielding the number of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41733409 |
Rigidity theory (physics) In 2001, Boolchand and coworkers found that the isostatic compositions in glassy alloys - predicted by rigidity theory - exist not just at a single threshold composition; rather, in many systems it spans a small, well-defined range of compositions intermediate to the flexible (under-constraine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41733409 |
C22H26O7 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 402.44 g/mol, exact mass: 402.16785312 u) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41734511 |
Star-shaped polymer Star-shaped polymers are the simplest class of branched polymers with a general structure consisting of several (at least three) linear chains connected to a central core. The core, or the center, of the polymer can be an atom, molecule, or macromolecule; the chains, or "arms", consist of variable-l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41735314 |
Star-shaped polymer According to IUPAC star-shaped polymers are designated by a "star" prefix which can be further specified as "f"-"star" when the number of arms "f" is known. An example would be "star"-(polyA; polyB; polyC) for a variegated (heteroarm) star polymer with three arm species, but an undefined number of a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41735314 |
Star-shaped polymer Generally, they have smaller hydrodynamic radii, radii of gyration and lower internal viscosities than linear analogues of the same molecular weight. Internal viscosity increases with increased functionality and molecular weight of branches with the effects of functionality eventually saturating, le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41735314 |
Star-shaped polymer Heteroarm polymers have been shown to aggregate into particularly interesting supramolecular formations such as stars, segmented ribbons, and core-shell-corona micellar assemblies depending on their arms' solubility in solution, which can be affected by changes in temperature, pH, solvent, etc. Thes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41735314 |
Star-shaped polymer The active site at the end of their chain can be directly reacted with an appropriately reactive multifunctional polymer core (also known as a linking agent) to produce a star-shaped polymer. In this approach the resulting star-polymer consists of homogeneous chain groups. The arm-first synthesis ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41735314 |
Star-shaped polymer Since both the core and the arms are rather reactive, essentially all Si-Cl undergo electrophilic substitution, and the resulting star-shaped polymers thus have a rather narrow polydispersity index. In the core-first approach (also known as the "arm-out" or divergent approach), a multifunctional cor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41735314 |
Long interspersed nuclear element Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) (also known as long interspersed nucleotide elements or long interspersed elements) are a group of non-LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposons that are widespread in the genome of many eukaryotes. They make up around 21.1% of the human gen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41759070 |
Long interspersed nuclear element In fungi, Tad, L1, CRE, Deceiver and Inkcap-like elements have been identified, with Tad-like elements appearing exclusively in fungal genomes. All LINEs encode a least one protein, ORF2, which contains an RT and an endonuclease (EN) domain, either an N-terminal APE or a C-terminal RLE... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41759070 |
Long interspersed nuclear element The non-autonomous SINE elements which depend on L1 elements for their proliferation make up 13% of the human genome and have a copy number of around 1.5 million. They probably originated from the RTE family of LINEs. Recent estimates show the typical human genome contains on average 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41759070 |
Long interspersed nuclear element Following the reverse transcription the target strand is cleaved and the newly created cDNA is integrated New insertions create short TSDs, and the majority of new inserts are severely 5’-truncated (average insert size of 900pb in humans) and often inverted (Szak et al., 2002). Because... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41759070 |
Long interspersed nuclear element Hypomethylation of LINES is associated with chromosomal instability and altered gene expression and is found in various cancer cell types in various tissues types. Hypomethylation of a specific L1 located in the MET onco gene is associated with bladder cancer tumorogenesis, Shift work ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41759070 |
Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation The (CPRI) is a University of Kentucky-based research center established by the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy in 2012 to facilitate academic translational research and drug discovery/drug development. The UK CPRI specializes in natural product-based drug di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41761397 |
Phi Josephson junction A φ Josephson junction (pronounced "phi Josephson junction") is a particular type of the Josephson junction, which has a non-zero Josephson phase φ across it in the ground state. A π Josephson junction, which has the minimum energy corresponding to the phase of π, is a specific example of it. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41765358 |
Phi Josephson junction Another example is the junction with the Josephson energy similar to conventional one, but shifted along formula_2-axis, for example formula_22, and the corresponding current-phase relation formula_23. In this case the ground state is formula_24 and it is not degenerate. The above two examples sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41765358 |
Phi Josephson junction It is based on a combination of 0 and π segments in one superconducting-insulator-ferromagnetic-superconductor hybrid device and clearly demonstrates two critical currents corresponding to two junction states formula_13. The proposal to construct a φ Josephson junction out of (infinitely) many 0 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41765358 |
Film coating In pharmaceutical drug delivery of solid oral dosage forms film coatings are frequently applied. The motivation for coating dosage forms range from cosmetic considerations (colour, gloss), improving the stability (light protection, moisture and gas barrier) and making it easier to swallow the tablet. In ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41766064 |
GLIC The receptor is a bacterial (Gloeobacter) Ligand-gated Ion Channel, homolog to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is a proton-gated (the channel opens when it binds a proton, ion), cation-selective channel (it selectively lets the positive ions through). Like the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is a funct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41768703 |
Martin diameter The is the length of the area bisector of an irregular object in a specified measuring direction. It is used to measure particle size in microscopy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41787408 |
John R. Huizenga John Robert Huizenga (April 21, 1921 – January 25, 2014) was an American physicist who helped build the first atomic bomb and who also debunked Utah scientists' claim of achieving cold fusion. John Robert Huizenga was born on a farm near Fulton, Illinois, the son of Henry (Harry) and Josie (Brands) Hui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41795239 |
John R. Huizenga During his Argonne years, as a result of examining debris from the "Ivy Mike" nuclear test in 1952, Huizenga was part of the team that added two new synthetic chemical elements, einsteinium and fermium, to the periodic table. Huizenga and his colleagues were at first unable to publish papers on their d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41795239 |
John R. Huizenga Harris Professor (later Professor Emeritus) of Chemistry. During Huizenga's time at Rochester, the university had its own particle accelerator, a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator that produced beams of nuclei accelerated to energies of several MeV per nucleon. This facility, which opened in 1966, affor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41795239 |
John R. Huizenga The Panel concludes that the experiments reported to date do not present convincing evidence to associate the reported anomalous heat with a nuclear process. ... Current understanding of the very extensive literature of experimental and theoretical results for hydrogen in solids gives no support for th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41795239 |
John R. Huizenga Their son Robert Huizenga is a prominent physician whose career has included a stint as team physician for the Los Angeles Raiders American football team. Dolly Huizenga died in 1999. Following his retirement from Rochester, Huizenga and his wife moved to North Carolina, where he continued to serve on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41795239 |
Lithium vanadium phosphate battery A lithium vanadium phosphate (LVP) battery is a proposed type of lithium ion battery that uses a vanadium phosphate in the cathode. they have not been commercialized. Vanadium Phosphates have been investigated as potential cathodes for Li-ion batteries: including lithium vanadium phos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41798987 |
Chemical Engineering Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of chemical engineering. It is published by Elsevier and was established in 1951. The editor-in-chief is A.P.J. Middelberg (University of Queensland). According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2013 impact factor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41801168 |
Isotropic solid In condensed matter physics and continuum mechanics, an isotropic solid refers to a solid material for which physical properties are independent of the orientation of the system. While the finite sizes of atoms and bonding considerations ensure that true isotropy of atomic position will not exist in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41803032 |
Isotropic solid Nearly all single crystal systems are anisotropic with respect to mechanical properties, with Tungsten being a very notable exception, as it is a cubic metal with stiffness tensor coefficients that exist in the proper ratio to allow for mechanical isotropy. In general, however, cubic crystals are not me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41803032 |
Foodomics was defined in 2009 as "a discipline that studies the Food and Nutrition domains through the application and integration of advanced -omics technologies to improve consumer's well-being, health, and knowledge". requires the combination of food chemistry, biological sciences, and data analysis. The study of fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41827467 |
Foodomics There are thousands of chemical compounds in rosemary, but the ones that are able to help cure such disease are Carnosic acid (CA) and Carnosol (CS), which can be obtained by extracting rosemary via SFE. They have the potential to fight against and reduce the proliferation of human HT-29 colon cancer cells. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41827467 |
Foodomics Aside from measuring the concentration of protein in meat, calculating bioavailability is another way in determining the total amount of component and quality. The calculation is done when food molecules are digested in various steps. Since human digestion is very complicated, a wide range of analytical techn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41827467 |
Foodomics Since digestion is in progress, protein molecules become smaller and molecular weight gets lower, in other words, there is an increase in the spectra total area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41827467 |
List of edible salts Edible salts, also known as table salts, are derived from mining (rock salt) or evaporation (including sea salt). Edible salts may be identified by such characteristics as their geographic origin, method of preparation, natural impurities, additives, flavourings, or intended purpose (such as pickli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41831706 |
Kodaikanal mercury poisoning is a proven case of mercury contamination at the hill station of Kodaikanal by Hindustan Unilever in the process of making mercury thermometers for export around the world. The exposé of the environmental abuse led to the closure of the factory in 2001 and opened up a series of issues in In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41848782 |
Kodaikanal mercury poisoning In March, a public protest led by local workers' union and international environmental organisation Greenpeace forced the company to shut down the factory. Soon the company admitted that it did dispose of mercury contaminated waste. The company said in its 2002 annual report and its latest ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41848782 |
Kodaikanal mercury poisoning Later Greenpeace campaigners Ameer Shahul and Navroz Mody led the groups in lobbying for remediation of the site and initiated an investigation by the Department of Atomic Energy of Government of India, which found that the free mercury level in the atmosphere of Kodaikanal was 1000 times m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41848782 |
Kodaikanal mercury poisoning The company appointed National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) to finalise the scope for remediation, which was vehemently opposed by environmentalists. In 2006, the plant, machinery and materials used in thermometer manufacturing at the site were decontaminated and dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41848782 |
Kodaikanal mercury poisoning After the shut down of the factory, the health specialists from Bangalore-based Community Health Centre conducted a survey among the former workers of the factory. It found that former workers of the factory had visible signs of mercury poisoning such as gum and skin allergy and related pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41848782 |
Kodaikanal mercury poisoning In February 2006, a group of ex-employees of the factory approached the Madras High Court seeking directions for conducting a fresh health survey and providing economic rehabilitation. A year later, the Madras High Court constituted a five-member expert committee, with representatives from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41848782 |
Kodaikanal mercury poisoning It also recommended setting up a Board to examine the extent of damage or disability suffered by workers and their children because of exposure to mercury, and based on the assessment of the Board workers can approach the Employment Compensation Commissioner to seek compensation. In March 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41848782 |
Borophene is a crystalline atomic monolayer of boron, i.e., it is a two-dimensional allotrope of boron and also known as "boron sheet". First predicted by theory in the mid-1990s, different borophene structures were experimentally confirmed in 2015. Experimentally various atomically-thin, crystalline and metallic borop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41855006 |
Borophene Quandt showed that small boron clusters do not adopt icosahedral geometries like boranes, instead they turn out to be quasi-planar (see Figure 2). This led to the discovery of a so-called Aufbau principle that predicts the possibility of borophene (boron sheets), boron fullerenes (borospherene) and boron nano... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41855006 |
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