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Borophene In 2015 two research teams succeeded in synthesizing different borophene phases on silver (111) surfaces under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Among the three borophene phases synthesized (see Figure 1), the v sheet, or "β", was shown by an earlier theory to be the ground state on the Ag(111) surface, while the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41855006 |
Octyne The octynes are a subgroup from the group of alkynes. It consists of several isomeric compounds having the formula CH. The linear members are: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41861545 |
Nonyne The nonynes are a subgroup from the group of alkynes. It consists of several isomeric compounds having the formula CH. The linear members are: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41861586 |
Decyne The decynes are a subgroup from the group of alkynes. It consists of several isomeric compounds having the formula CH. The linear members are: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41861596 |
Rotating-polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy Rotating-polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, (RP-CARS) is a particular implementation of the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). RP-CARS takes advantage of polarization-dependent selection rules in order to gain information abou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41862768 |
Rotating-polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy It is possible by continuously rotating the orientation of the polarization plane of the incident light with a rotating waveplate and then, sequentially, for each image pixel, analysing the orientation dependence of the CARS signal intensity. This allows mea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41862768 |
C20H18O11 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 434.35 g/mol, exact mass: 434.084911 u) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41870322 |
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures Crystal structures of protein and nucleic acid molecules and their complexes are central to the practice of most parts of biophysics, and have shaped much of what we understand scientifically at the atomic-detail level of biology. Their importance is und... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41883177 |
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures Myoglobin is a model system for many types of biophysical studies, especially involving the binding process of small ligands such as oxygen and carbon monoxide. 1960 - The Hemoglobin crystal structure showed a tetramer of two related chain types and was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41883177 |
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures was the first crystal structure of an enzyme (it cleaves small carbohydrates into simple sugars), used for early studies of enzyme mechanism. It contained beta sheet (antiparallel) as well as helices, and was also the first macromolecular structure to ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41883177 |
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures 1967 - The serine proteases are a historically very important group of enzyme structures, because collectively they illuminated catalytic mechanism (in their case, by the Ser-His-Asp "catalytic triad"), the basis of differing substrate specificities, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41883177 |
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures Later a small protein inhibitor of carboxypeptidase was solved (PDB file 4CPA) that mechanically stops the catalysis by presenting its C-terminal end just sticking out from between a ring of disulfide bonds with tight structure behind it, preventing the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41883177 |
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures [NB: beware 4rxn, done without geometry restraints!] Archaeal rubredoxins account for many of the highest-resolution small structures in the PDB. 1971 - Insulin (PDB file 1INS) is a hormone central to the metabolism of sugar and fat storage, and importan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41883177 |
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures 1986 - Repressor/DNA interactions 1987 Major histocompatibility complex' 1987 Ubiquitin 1987 ROP protein 1989 HIV-1 protease 1990 Bacteriorhodopsin 1991 GCN4 coiled coil 1991 HIV-1 reverse transcriptase 1993 Beta helix of Pectate lyase 1994 Collagen 1994... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41883177 |
James Bell (chemist) James Bell (1825–1908) was a Northern Irish chemist, known for his work on analyses of food, tobacco and alcoholic drinks. Born at Altnanaghan, Newtownhamilton, County Armagh, he was educated privately and at University College London, where he studied chemistry under Alexander William Williamson. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41890261 |
James Bell (chemist) Many of his results were written up in "The Analysis and Adulteration of Foods" (3 pts. 1881–3; German translation, Berlin, 1882–5). He published also "Chemistry of Tobacco" (1887). Bell married in 1858 Ellen (died 1900), daughter of W. Reece of Chester, and left issue one son, Sir William James Be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41890261 |
Iodite The ion, or iodine dioxide anion, is the halite with the chemical formula . Within the ion the Iodine exists in the oxidation state of +3. Iodites (including Iodous acid) are highly unstable and have been observed but never isolated. They will rapidly disproportionate to molecular Iodine and Iodates. However, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41894055 |
Chemical Geology is an international peer-reviewed academic journal. The journal is affiliated with the European Association of Geochemistry and it is published by Elsevier. The journal is a hybrid open-access journal, publishing both subscription and open access articles. "Chemical Geology" publishes original research... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41907253 |
Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary ( born 11 September 1959) is a scientist in the field of organic chemistry from Pakistan. He is known for his research in various areas relating to natural product chemistry. He has more than 800 research publications, including 32 books published, and 24 patents. He has been awarded the Tamgha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41910108 |
Odd-chain fatty acid Odd-chain fatty acids are those fatty acids that contain an odd number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids are even chain, e.g. stearic (C16) and oleic (C18). So in addition to being classified according to their saturation of unsaturation, fatty acids are also classified according to the odd vs. eve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41913525 |
Odd-chain fatty acid After this, methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase carries out an isomerization reaction. Specifically, the D-isomer produced by the carboxylase reaction is transformed into the L-isomer of Methylmalonyl-CoA. This is a recently discovered enzyme, it was researched during the late 1900's and the first publicat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41913525 |
Odd-chain fatty acid Odd-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, which form propionyl-CoA, can serve as minor precursors for gluconeogenesis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41913525 |
Metal ion buffer A metal-ion buffer provides a controlled source of free metal ions in a manner similar to the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration by a pH buffer A metal-ion buffer solution contains the free (hydrated) metal ion along with a complex compound formed by the association of the ion with a ligand in ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41929942 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug Immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) are a class of immunomodulatory drugs (drugs that adjust immune responses) containing an imide group. The IMiD class includes thalidomide and its analogues (lenalidomide, pomalidomide, iberdomide, and apremilast). These drugs may also be referred to as 'C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug Thalidomide was originally released in the "Federal Republic of Germany" (West Germany) under the label of "Contergan" on October 1, 1957 by "Chemie Grünenthal" (now Grünenthal). The drug was primarily prescribed as a sedative or hypnotic, but it was also used as an antiemetic(morning sickne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug In 1994 Thalidomide was found to have anti-angiogenic activity and anti-tumor activity which propelled the initiation of clinical trials for cancer including multiple myeloma. The discovery of the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities of thalidomide increased the inter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug This dual activity of pomalidomide makes it more efficacious than thalidomide both "in vitro" and "in vivo". This effect is not related to TNF-α inhibition since potent TNF-α inhibitors such as rolipram and pentoxifylline did not inhibit myeloma cell growth nor angiogenesis. Upregulation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug Moreover, thalidomide enantiomers have been shown to be interconversed "in vivo" due to the acidic chiral hydrogen in the asymmetric center (shown, for the EM-12 analog, in Figure 3), so the plan to administer a purified single enantiomer to avoid the teratogenic effects will most likely be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug After tweaking the structure and testing different substitution at the 4-position of the phthaloyl ring and at the carboxyl acid the researchers finally landed at a molecule that potently inhibits PDE4 and TNF-α, which they later named apremilast (Figure 4). The "S"-enantiomer of apremilast ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug Orphan indications include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Lenalidomide is also approved for transfusion-dependent anemia due to low or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug As of March 2014 apremilast has been approved for psoriatic arthritis. In September 2014, the U.S. FDA approved apremilast for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. The major toxicities of approved IMiDs are peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, anaemia and venous thromboe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug This disrupts the positive feedback loop between the two growth factors, possibly causing both multiple birth defects and anti-myeloma effects. Findings also support the hypothesis that an increase in the expression of cereblon is an essential element of the anti-myeloma effect of both lenal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug Thalidomide and its immune-modulating analogs alter the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The analogs are believed to inhibit the production of TNF-α, where the analogs are up to 50.000 times more potent "in vitro" than th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug It is worth noticing however that, when comparing lenalidomide and pomalidomide, clinical relevance of higher in vitro potency is unclear since maximum tolerated dose of pomalidomide is 2 mg daily compared to 25 mg for lenalidomide, leading to 10-100 times lower plasma drug concentration of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug Thalidomide and its analogs are believed to suppress angiogenesis through modulation of the above-mentioned factors where potency in anti-angiogenic activity for lenalidomide and pomalidomide was 2-3 times higher than for thalidomide in various "in vivo" assays, Thalidomide has also been sho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug They discovered increased bone marrow angiogenesis correlates with myeloma growth and supporting stromal cells are a significant source for angiogenic molecules in myeloma. This is believed to be a main component of the mechanism "in vivo" by which thalidomide inhibits multiple myeloma. Addi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug In vitro, apremilast reduces PDE4 activity leading to an increase in cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations in immune and non-immune cell types, partially inhibiting the production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ IL-2, IL-12 and IL-23 and elevating the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug This also revealed that the amino group needed to be directly opposite the carbonyl group on the isoindolinone ring system for the most potent activity. These analogs do not inhibit PDE4 and therefore do not act by PDE4 inhibition. Other additions of longer and bigger groups at the C4 and C5... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug Substitutes larger than diethoxy at the X2–X3 position had decreased activity. The effects of these substitutions seem to be mediated by steric effects. For the Y-position, a number of groups have been explored. Substituted amides that were larger than methylamide (CONHCH) decrease PDE4 inhi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug A 4-"N"-acetylamino group had slightly lower PDE4 inhibitory activity, compared with the methyl group, but increased the compound's TNF-α inhibitory activity to a further extent. Substituents at Z leading to increasing PDE4 inhibitory activity thus followed the order: For angiogenesis inhibi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug This route uses -glutamine rather than -glutamic acid as a starting material and by letting it react with "N"-carbethoxyphthalimide gives "N"-phthaloyl--glutamine (4), with 50–70% yield. The substance 4 is then stirred in a mixture with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) with enough 4-dimethylaminopy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
Immunomodulatory imide drug In the synthesis of apremilast, compound 3 in scheme 5 is produced in a 41% yield from compound 2 treated with lithium hexamethyldisilazide, in mixture with lithium dimethylsulfone and boron trifluoride etherate. The resolution of compound 3 was accomplished by treating it with "N"-acetyl--l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41933329 |
List of chemical compounds in coffee There are more than 1,000 chemical compounds in coffee, and their molecular and physiological effects are areas of active research in food chemistry. There are a large number of ways to organize coffee compounds. The major texts in the area variously sort by effects on flavor, physi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41936356 |
List of chemical compounds in coffee official potential carcinogen classification — see furans, for example), so health categorization has been avoided. On the other hand, physiological effects are well documented in some (e.g. stimulant effects of caffeine), and those are listed where they are relevant and well-docume... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41936356 |
Sonidegib (INN; also known as LDE225 and erismodegib; trade name Odomzo) is a Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor (via smoothened antagonism) being developed as an anticancer agent by Novartis. It was approved by the FDA for treating basal-cell carcinoma in July 2015 and is awaiting approval in the EU. In the EU, the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41957427 |
Criticality (status) Criticality is the state of a system where the nuclear chain reaction is precisely self-sustaining, that is, when the reactivity is zero. The term is also used for supercritical states, those in which the reactivity is greater than zero. In the context of a nuclear reactor, particularly in a nuclea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41966834 |
Chemogenetics is the process by which macromolecules can be engineered to interact with previously unrecognized small molecules. as a term was originally coined to describe the observed effects of mutations on chalcone isomerase activity on substrate specificities in the flowers of "Dianthus caryophyllus". This method ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41969333 |
Chemogenetics The engineered macromolecules used to design these receptors include nucleic acid hybrids, kinases, variety of metabolic enzymes, and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as DREADDs. DREADDs are the most common GPCRs used in chemogenetics. These receptors solely get activated by the drug of interest (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41969333 |
Chemogenetics has therefore been used in pharmacology to adjust the levels of such neurotransmitters in specific neuron while minimizing the side effects of treatment. To treat and relieve the symptoms of any disease using the DREADDs, these receptors are delivered to the area of interest via viral transduction. Recent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41969333 |
Chemogenetics However, some recent studies in 2016 have been able to demonstrate successes showing that silencing the activity of neurons in the Orbitofrontal cortex along with the removal of Rhinal cortex, restricted the reward task performance in macaques. and usage of DREADDs have allowed researchers to advance in b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41969333 |
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is a post-processing method for the calculation of super-resolved images from recorded image time series that is based on the temporal correlations of independently fluctuating fluorescent emitters. SOFI has been developed for super-resolution of biological specimen t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41972103 |
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging Likewise to other super-resolution methods SOFI is based on recording an image time series on a CCD- or CMOS camera. In contrary to other methods the recorded time series can be substantially shorter, since a precise localization of emitters is not required and therefore a l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41972103 |
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging Hence the fluorescence signal at time t and position formula_2 is given by Within the above equations "N" is the amount of emitters, located at the positions formula_4 with a time-dependent molecular brightness formula_5 where formula_6 is a variable for the constant molecul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41972103 |
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging Calculations of higher-order correlation functions would suffer from lower-order correlations for what reason it is superior to calculate cumulants, since all lower-order correlation terms vanish. For computational reasons it is convenient to set all time-lags in higher-orde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41972103 |
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging This way of computation is straightforward in comparison with calculating cumulants with standard formulas. It allows for the calculation of cumulants with only little time of computing and is, as it is well implemented, even suitable for the calculation of high-order cumula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41972103 |
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging In addition the cross-cumulant approach can be used to estimate the PSF of the optical system by making use of the intensity differences of the virtual pixels that is due to the "loss" in cross-correlation as aforementioned. Each virtual pixel can be re-weighted with the inv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41972103 |
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging These virtual pixels can be calculated in a particular pattern from the original pixels for a 4th-order cross-cumulant image, as it is depicted in the lower image, part A. The pattern itself arises simple from the calculation of all possible combinations of the original imag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41972103 |
Schellman loop Schellman loops (also called Schellman motifs or paperclips) are commonly occurring structural features of proteins and polypeptides. Each has six amino acid residues (labelled residues "i" to "i"+5) with two specific inter-mainchain hydrogen bonds (as in lower figure, i) and a characteristic main chain ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41978524 |
Schellman loop Rare “left-handed” six-residue Schellman loops occur; these have the same hydrogen bonds, but residues "i"+1, "i"+2, and "i"+3 have positive φ values while the φ value of residue "i"+4 is negative; the nest is of the LR, rather than the RL, kind. Amino acid propensities for the residues of the common typ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41978524 |
Azaborane usually refers a borane cluster where BH vertices are replaced by N or NR (R = H, organic substituent). Like many of the related boranes, these clusters are polyhedra and can be classified as "closo-", "nido-", "arachno-", etc. Within the context of Wade's rules, NR is a 4-electron vertex, and N is a 3-electr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41980300 |
Chemical shift index The chemical shift index or CSI is a widely employed technique in protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that can be used to display and identify the location (i.e. start and end) as well as the type of protein secondary structure (beta strands, helices and random coil regions) found in pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41985381 |
Chemical shift index 1 ppm then that residue is assigned a value of +1. If an amino acid residue’s chemical shift is not shifted downfield or upfield by a sufficient amount (i.e. <0.1 ppm), it is given a value of 0. When this 3-state index is plotted as a bar graph over the full length of the protein sequence, simple i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41985381 |
Chemical shift index The link between protein chemical shifts and protein secondary structure (specifically alpha helices) was first described by John Markley and colleagues in 1967. With the development of modern 2-dimensional NMR techniques, it became possible to measure more protein chemical shifts. With more peptid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41985381 |
Chemical shift index Furthermore, the CSI method does not identify other kinds of secondary structures, such as β-turns. Because of these shortcomings, a number of alternative CSI-like approaches have been proposed. These include: 1) a prediction method that employs statistically derived chemical shift/structure potent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41985381 |
In vivo bioreactor The in vivo bioreactor (IVB) is a regenerative medicine paradigm where bone is grown in vivo. The IVB has basic elements: An example of the implementation of the IVB approach was in the engineering of autologous bone by injecting calcium alginate in a sub-periosteal location. The periosteum is a memb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41989305 |
In vivo bioreactor The extension of the IVB paradigm to engineering autologous hyaline cartilage was also recently demonstrated. In this case, agarose is injected and this triggers local hypoxia, which then results in the differentiation of the periosteal MSCs into articular chondrocytes, i.e. cells similar to those fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41989305 |
C30H44O9 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42009286 |
Dimetcote is commonly used for steel corrosion resistance. It is generally reliable under humid or corrosive conditions. Because of this, is widely used in ships, power generation facilities, and marine, oil, and offshore structures. The patent was approved in 1948 by the U.S. Patent Office. The owner of the patent is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42025871 |
C21H29NO3 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass: 343.459 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42025962 |
Off-stoichiometry thiol-ene polymer An off-stoichiometry thiol-ene polymer polymer is a polymer platform comprising off-stoichiometry thiol-enes (OSTE) and off-stoichiometry thiol-ene-epoxies (OSTE+). The OSTE polymers comprise off-stoichiometry blends of thiols and allyls. After complete polymerization, typically by U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42043791 |
Off-stoichiometry thiol-ene polymer The thiols and allyls react in a perfectly alternating fashion and has a very high conversion rate (up to 99%), the initial off-stoichiometry of the monomers will exactly define the number off unreacted groups left after the polymerization. With the right choice of monomers very high... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42043791 |
Off-stoichiometry thiol-ene polymer A disadvantage put forward with the OSTE-polymers is the leaching out of unreacted monomers at very high off-stoichiometric ratios which may affect cells and proteins in lab-on-chips, although cell viability has been observed for cell cultures on low off-stoichiometric OSTE. The dual... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42043791 |
Off-stoichiometry thiol-ene polymer OSTE polymers have also shown excellent photostructuring capability using photomasks, enabling for example powerful and flexible capillary pumps. The OSTE+ resins are first UV-cured in the same way as the OSTE-polymers but are later thermally cured to stiffen and bond to a substrate.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42043791 |
Off-stoichiometry thiol-ene polymer Adhesive wafer bonding has become an established technology in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) integration and packaging applications. OSTE is suitable for heterogeneous silicon wafer level integration depending on its application in low temperature processes due to its ability... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42043791 |
Intrinsic low-dimensional manifold In chemical kinetics, an intrinsic low-dimensional manifold is a technique to simplify the study of reaction mechanisms using dynamical systems, first proposed in 1992. The ILDM approach fixes a low dimensional surface which describes well the slow dynamics and assumes that after a sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42043971 |
Le Bel–Van 't Hoff rule In organic chemistry, the Le Bel–Van 't Hoff rule states that the number of stereoisomers of an organic compound containing no internal planes of symmetry is 2, where "n" represents the number of asymmetric carbon atoms. Joseph Achille Le Bel and Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff both announced this ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42045837 |
Tetraanthraporphyrin Tetraanthraporphyrin, or tetraanthra[2,3]porphyrin (TAP), is a representative of extended porphyrins. Despite promising properties, tetraanthraporphyrins have until recently been little studied. As was theoretically predicted, extension of pi-electronic system results in the case of TAPs in the des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42053050 |
Tetraanthraporphyrin As an advanced method delivering tetraanthraporphyrins, the dihydroisoindole method based on an oxidative aromatization of the closest partially hydrogenated porphyrin precursor was applied. It warrants that the conditions of aromatization of the annelated system are as soft as possible and occur s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42053050 |
C5H6O3 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42055155 |
C8H8O6 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42055186 |
Chem-seq is a technique that is used to map genome-wide interactions between small molecules and their protein targets in the chromatin of eukaryotic cell nuclei. The method employs chemical affinity capture coupled with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify genomic sites where small molecules interact with the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42057374 |
Chem-seq relies on the ability to create a biotinylated version of a small molecule of interest to allow for downstream affinity capture. can be carried out either "In vitro" or "In vivo", although the results from each have proven to be highly similar. "In vivo" During "In vivo" Chem-seq, cultured cells in medium are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42057374 |
Chem-seq These genomic regions are then isolated using a magnet and subjected to next generation sequencing and analysis to determine regions enriched for our small molecule of interest. was tested on three classes of drugs using MM1.S multiple myeloma cells to: 1) Investigate the genome-wide binding of the bromodomain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42057374 |
Chem-seq It can be used in conjunction with ChIP-seq to cross reference the location of certain drugs with DNA binding proteins, like transcription factors, to discover novel interactions and aid in characterizing the molecular mechanisms through which small molecules affect the genome. Because it uses next generation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42057374 |
Chem-seq Although this may be viewed as a testament to the accuracy of the method it also highlights redundancies between the two techniques, especially when target proteins are previously known. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42057374 |
2,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine is a metabolite in the purine metabolism, formed by the hydrolysis of GTP by GTP cyclohydrolase II. Alternatively two separate enzymes can carry out this reaction, initially GTP cyclohydrolase IIa hydroly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42057893 |
GeoReM (Geological and Environmental Reference Materials), a database of reference materials of geological and environmental interest, is accessible to the scientific community on the internet. The database was developed at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz by Klaus Peter Jochum et al. (2005) and contains... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42062393 |
Dihydroisoindole may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42064485 |
Single cell sequencing examines the sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment. For example, in canc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing It is more challenging to perform single cell sequencing in comparison with sequencing from cells in bulk. The minimal amount of starting materials from a single cell make degradation, sample loss and contamination exert pronounced effects on quality of sequencing data. In addition, due to the pi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing In the context of microbiomes, a genome from a single unicellular organism is referred to as a single amplified genome (SAG). Advancements in single-cell DNA sequencing have enabled the collection of genomic data from uncultivated prokaryotic species present in complex microbiomes. Although SAGs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing In 2017, a major improvement to this technique, called WGA-X, was introduced by taking advantage of a thermostable mutant of the phi29 polymerase, leading to better genome recovery from individual cells, in particular those with high G+C content. MDA has also been implemented in a microfluidic dr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing While performing MDA with a microfluidic device markedly reduces bias and contamination, the chemistry involved in MALBAC does not demonstrate the same potential for improved efficiency. The choice of method depends on the goal of the sequencing because each method presents different advantages. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing In addition, MDA shows a high ratio of allele dropout, not detecting alleles from heterozygous samples. Various SNP algorithms are currently in use but none are specific to single cell sequencing. MDA with CNV also poses the problem of identifying false CNVs that conceal the real CNVs. To solve t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing Such overlap may provide redundancy of pathway activation and tumor cell resistance. Single-cell DNA methylome sequencing quantifies DNA methylation. There are several known types of methylation that occur in nature, including 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroymethylcytosine (5hmC), 6-methyladenine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing One way to improve the coverage of the method further would be to improve CpG capture efficiency by amplifying the DNA prior to bisulfite treatment. Single-cell reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (scRRBS) is another method. This method leverages the tendency of methylated cytosines to cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing Nanopore-based sequencing also offers a route for direct methylation sequencing without fragmentation or modification to the original DNA. Nanopore sequencing has been used to sequence the methylomes of bacteria, which are dominated by 6mA and 4mC (as opposed to 5mC in eukaryotes), but this techn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides the expression profiles of individual cells. Although it is not possible to obtain complete information on every RNA expressed by each cell, due to the small amount of material available, patterns of gene expression can be identified through gene cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing The reverse transcription step is critical as the efficiency of the RT reaction determines how much of the cell’s RNA population will be eventually analyzed by the sequencer. The processivity of reverse transcriptases and the priming strategies used may affect full-length cDNA production and the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
Single cell sequencing Most RNA-Seq methods depend on poly(A) tail capture to enrich mRNA and deplete abundant and uninformative rRNA. Thus, they are often restricted to sequencing polyadenylated mRNA molecules. However, recent studies are now starting to appreciate the importance of non-poly(A) RNA, such as long-nonco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42067613 |
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