text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
Petroleum microbiology The rate of uptake and biodegradation by these hydrocarbon-oxidizing microbes not only depend on the chemical structure of the substrates, but is limited by biotic and abiotic factors such as temperature, salinity, and nutrient availability in the environment. A model microorganism studied for it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40978256 |
Petroleum microbiology borkumensis simultaneously increases synthesis of anionic glucoproteins, which are used to emulsify hydrocarbons in the environment and increase their bioavailability. The presence of crude oil along with appropriate levels of nitrogen and phosphor catalyzes the removal of petroleum either by mec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40978256 |
Petroleum microbiology (2) Increase the bioavailability of hydrophobic water-insoluble substrates. Biosurfactants can enhance the availability of bound substrates by desorbing them from surfaces (e.g. soil) or by increasing their apparent solubility. Some biosurfactants have low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40978256 |
Petroleum microbiology The biosensor system may simply use bacterial growth as a pollutant indicator, or rely on genetic assays wherein a reporter gene is induced by the chemical. Many analytical techniques require expensive treatment of soil samples and/or expensive equipment to detect the presence of pollutants. Bact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40978256 |
DelPhi is a scientific application which calculates electrostatic potentials in and around macromolecules and the corresponding electrostatic energies. It incorporates the effects of ionic strength mediated screening by evaluating the Poisson-Boltzmann equation at a finite number of points within a three-dimensional gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40982512 |
DelPhi In addition to the typical potential map, can generate and output the calculated distribution of either the dielectric constant or ion concentration, providing the biomedical community with extra tools for their research. Pdb files are typically used as input for calculations. Other required inputs are an atomic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40982512 |
Boundary conditions in fluid dynamics are the set of constraints to boundary value problems in computational fluid dynamics. These boundary conditions include inlet boundary conditions, outlet boundary conditions, wall boundary conditions, constant pressure boundary conditions, axisymmetric boundary conditions, symmetr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40996967 |
Boundary conditions in fluid dynamics This is also commonly known as no-slip boundary condition and this is the appropriate conditions for velocity components at the wall. The normal component could be set to zero straightaway while the tangential component is set to the velocity of the wall. formula_1<br> formula_2 He... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40996967 |
Boundary conditions in fluid dynamics The conditions at symmetric boundary are no flow across boundary and no scalar flux across boundary. A good example is of a pipe flow with a symmetric obstacle in the flow. The obstacle divides the upper flow and lower flow as mirrored flow. A periodic or cyclic boundary condition ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40996967 |
Darwin drift In fluid dynamics, refers to the phenomenon that a fluid parcel is permanently displaced after the passage of a body through a fluid – the fluid being at rest far away from the body. Consider a plane of fluid parcels perpendicular to the direction of the body's constant velocity vector, far before the pass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41009046 |
LASNEX is a computer program that simulates the interactions between x-rays and a plasma, along with many effects associated with these interactions. The program is used to predict the performance of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) devices such as the Nova laser or proposed particle beam "drivers". Versions of have b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41010974 |
LASNEX By the late 1970s further work with indicated that the issue was not energy as much as the number of laser beams, and suggested that the Shiva laser with 10 kJ of energy in 20 beams would reach ignition. It did not, failing to contain the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. A review of the progress by "The New York Tim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41010974 |
LASNEX These x-rays heated the hohlraums until they glowed in the x-ray spectrum (having been heated "x-ray hot" as opposed to "white hot") and it was this smooth x-ray illumination that started the fusion reactions within the fuel. These results demonstrated that the amount of energy needed to cause ignition was appro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41010974 |
Amyl chloride may refer to any of the monochlorinated derivatives of the isomers of pentane. They have the molecular formula CHCl. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41011028 |
Peptoid nanosheet In nanobiotechnology, a peptoid nanosheet is a synthetic protein structure made from peptoids. Peptoid nanosheets have a thickness of about three nanometers and a length of up to 100 micrometers, meaning that they have a two-dimensional, flat shape that resembles paper on the nanoscale. This makes the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41017951 |
Peptoid nanosheet This repetitive vial “rocking” motion lessens the interfacial area of the air-water interface inside the vial, compressing the peptoid mono-layer by a factor of four and causing the mono-layer to buckle into peptoid nanosheets. Using this method, nanosheets are produced in high yield, and 95% of the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41017951 |
Sargachromanol Sargachromanols are bio-active isolates of the brown alga "Sargassum siliquastrum". G (SG) has anti-inflammatory effect. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41033919 |
Chinese Gold and Silver Exchange Society The is an organisation of gold trading firms in Hong Kong who are participants of the Chinese Gold and Silver Exchange, the first exchange in Hong Kong. The CGSES was formally established as an organisation in 1910. Its founders were immigrants from mainland China. It eventually... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41041887 |
Scandium bromide Scandium bromide, or ScBr, is a trihalide, hygroscopic, water-soluble chemical compound of scandium and bromine. ScBr is produced through the burning of scandium in bromine gas. is used for solid state synthesis of unusual clusters such as ScBrZ, (Z=Mn, Fe, Os or Ru). These clusters are of interest for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41043655 |
Synergistic catalysis is a specialized approach to catalysis whereby at least two different catalysts act on two different substrates simultaneously to allow reaction between the two activated materials. While a catalyst works to lower the energy of reaction overall, a reaction using synergistic catalysts work together... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41045982 |
Synergistic catalysis An example is if one of the catalysts is a Lewis acid and the other is a Lewis base, there is the possibility for formation of a Lewis acid base complex but this can be overcome by carefully choosing the pair. Synergistic catalysts are very common in biological systems. The reactions occur by a mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41045982 |
Synergistic catalysis They used trans-chelating chiral phosphine ligands (AnisTRAP) to generate chiral transition metal complexes. In their proposed mechanism schemes, an enolate is formed from an α-cyano ester and coordinates to the rhodium catalyst, while decarboxylative and oxidative addition of allyl carbonate to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41045982 |
Borylation Metal-catalyzed C–H borylation reactions are transition metal catalyzed organic reactions that produce an organoboron compound through functionalization of aliphatic and aromatic C–H bonds and are therefore useful reactions for carbon–hydrogen bond activation. Metal-catalyzed C–H borylation reactions utilize... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation The boron atom of a boronic ester or acid is sp hybridized possessing a vacant p orbital, enabling these groups to act as Lewis acids. The C–B bond of boronic acids and esters are slightly longer than typical C–C single bonds with a range of 1.55-1.59 Å. The lengthened C–B bond relative to the C–C bond resul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation The rhodium-catalyzed borylation of methyl C–H bonds occurs selectively without a dependence on the position of the heteroatom. occurs selectively at the least sterically hindered and least electron rich primary C–H bond in a range of acetals, ethers, amines, and alkyl fluorides. Additionally, no reaction is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation The synthetic utility of aliphatic C–H borylation has been applied to the modification of polymers through borylation followed by oxidation to form hydroxyl-functionalized polymers. The first example of a catalytic C–H borylation of an unactivated hydrocarbon (benzene) was reported by Smith and Iverson using... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation Symmetrical or unsymmetrical 1,3-substituted arenes are also selectively borylated because only one C–H bond is sterically accessible. This is in contrast to Electrophilic aromatic substitution where regioselectivity is governed by electronic effects. The synthetic importance of aromatic C–H borylation is sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation Using the same catalyst system directing groups can be employed to achieve regioselectivity without substituents as steric mediators. For example, Boebel and Hartwig reported a method to conduct "ortho"-borylation where a dimethyl-hydrosilyl directing group on the arene undergoes iridium catalyzed borylation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation In the case of using benzyldimethylsilane as a directing group it is proposed that benzyldimethylsilane reacts with the trisboryl iridium catalyst through reversible addition of the Si-H bond to the metal center, followed by selective "ortho"-C–H bond activation via oxidative addition and reductive eliminati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation They found out that the chiral amino alcohols would react with borane to form aloxyl-amine-borane complexes. The complexes are proposed to contain a relatively rigid five member-ring system which makes them thermal and hydrolytic stable and soluble in a wide variety of protic and aprotic solvents. In 1987, E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation Venkateswarlu and co-workers have reported a stereoselective method to synthesize pectinolide H. Midland reduction and Sharpless dihydroxylation reaction are involved in generating the three chiral centers at C–4’, C–5 and C–1’. In 1993, N. A. Petasis and I. Akrltopoulou reported an efficient synthesis of al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation In the paper, diastereoselective Roush allylation reaction was used as a key reaction in the total synthesis to introduce two chiral intermediate. And then the authors synthesized the two diastereomers through these two chiral intermediates. In 1979, N. Miyaura and A. Suzuki reported the synthesis of arylate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Borylation This reaction is known as Goldberg modified Ullmann condensation. In 2003, R. A. Batey and T. D. Quach have modified this kind of reactions by using potassium organotrifluoroborates salts to react with aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or anilines to synthesize aryl ethers or aryl amines. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41046135 |
Phenol–chloroform extraction is a liquid-liquid extraction technique in molecular biology used to separate nucleic acids from proteins and lipids. Aqueous samples, lysed cells, or homogenised tissue are mixed with equal volumes of a phenol:chloroform mixture. This mixture is then centrifuged. Because the phenol:chlorof... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41047668 |
Phenol–chloroform extraction It is time-consuming and uses hazardous reagents. Also, because it is a two-step process involving transfer of reagents between tubes, it is at a greater risk of contamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41047668 |
Bleach balloon Bleach balloons, also known as bleach bombs, are water balloons filled with bleach as opposed to water. In 2012, there were multiple incidences of balloons allegedly filled with bleach thrown at students between the months of June and September at the University of Texas. Four students filed reports with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41051481 |
Bleach balloon The seventh grader, Miguel Mesa, was temporarily blinded upon being struck directly in the face. Two of Mesa's classmates called the police and were able to describe the van's appearance. The driver of the van was identified and arrested, the other three turned themselves in. The suspects told police the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41051481 |
Bleach balloon Sources who were interviewed by the Huffington Post, who wished to be remain anonymous, claimed that as early as 2007, there had been bleach-filled balloons dropped on groups of women participating in sorority rush. They also claimed that bleach-bombing incidents are common and may occur "maybe once or t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41051481 |
Mulberrofuran G (albanol A) is a bio-active compound isolated from the bark of "Morus alba". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41055448 |
Kuwanon G is an antimicrobial bombesin receptor antagonist, isolated from "Morus alba". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41055501 |
Moracin M is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor isolated from "Morus alba". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41055532 |
Patrick Ekpotu Patrick Akpan Ekpotu (born 26 June 1960) is a Nigerian politician and chemical engineer. He is the former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State and a Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers. Ekpotu was born in Akwa Ibom State and received his secondary education Regina Coeli College, Essene and Nsit Peo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41057428 |
7-Chlorokynurenic acid (7-CKA) is a tool compound that acts as a potent and selective noncompetitive antagonist of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It produces ketamine-like rapid antidepressant effects in animal models of depression. However, 7-CKA is unable to cross the blood-brain-barrier, and for this reason,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41066963 |
WMS-2539 is a fluorinated derivative of dexoxadrol and a potent uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41067069 |
Nanotopography refers to specific surface features which form or are generated at the nanoscopic scale. While the term can be used to describe a broad range of applications ranging from integrated circuits to microfluidics, in practice it typically applied to sub-micron textured surfaces as used in biomaterials researc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41067335 |
Nanotopography Alternatively, processes such as molecular self-assembly can be utilized which provide an enhanced level of production speed and feature control. Though the effects of nanotopography on cell behavior have only been recognized since 1964, some of the first practical applications of the technology are bein... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41067335 |
Nanotopography The potential of topographical cues to fulfill roles otherwise requiring xeno-based media components offers high translatability to clinical applications, as regulation and cost related to animal-derived products constitutes a major roadblock in a number of cell-related technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41067335 |
Numerical solution of the convection–diffusion equation The convection–diffusion equation describes the flow of heat, particles, or other physical quantities in situations where there is both diffusion and convection or advection. For information about the equation, its derivation, and its conceptual importance and con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41067402 |
Numerical solution of the convection–diffusion equation An explicit scheme of FDM has been considered and stability criteria are formulated. In this scheme, temperature is totally dependent on the old temperature (the initial conditions) and , a weighting parameter between 0 and 1. Substitution of gives the explicit di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41067402 |
Numerical solution of the convection–diffusion equation Unlike the conduction equation (a finite element solution is used), a numerical solution for the convection–diffusion equation has to deal with the convection part of the governing equation in addition to diffusion. When the Péclet number (Pe) exceeds a critical v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41067402 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes. This superfamily is further classified into 11 families, PDE1 - PDE11, on the basis of regulatory properties, amino acid sequences, substrate specificities, pharmacological properties and tissue distribut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors These PDE's are grouped into at least 11 functional subfamilies, named PDE1-PDE11. PDEs are enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3,5-monophospahate (cGMP), which are intracellular second messengers, into AMP and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors In humans the distribution of PDE5A1 and PDE5A2 isoforms is the same and can be found in the brain, lung tissue, heart, liver, kidneys, bladder, prostate, urethra, penis, uterus and skeletal muscles. PDE5A2 is more common than PDE5A1. PDE5A3 is not as widespre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors " also describe a fourth pocket called the H pocket which is hydrophobic and accommodates the ethoxyphenyl group of sildenafil The 3 PDE5 inhibitors already on the market, sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, occupy part of the active site, mainly around the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors As of 2011, the long-acting agent tadalafil is licensed for the treatment of urinary symptoms resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia. PDE5 inhibitors have broad-ranging effects on the cardiovascular system beyond their acute haemodynamic influence. For ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors However, the successful introduction of SGLT2 inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists to the field of renal therapeutics makes the development of PDE5 inhibitors for this purpose unlikely. PDE5 inhibitors have been shown to have various macrovascular, m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors These experimental data suggest that PDE5 inhibitors may have a role in promoting recovery from stroke. However, studies in humans remain inconclusive. Adding PDE5 inhibitors to SSRI drugs (e.g. paroxetine) for the treatment of premature ejaculation could resu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors Because of the localization of PDE5 in the smooth muscle tissue, inhibitors were developed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction along with pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil was initially introduced for clinical trial in 1989. It was the result of extensi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors Tadalafil is more bioavailable (80%) than sildenafil (40%) and vardenafil (15%) but it has a slow absorption, or about 2 hours compared to 50 minutes of sildenfil. Vardenafil is most known for its potency. Because of severe adverse effects and patients dissati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors The PDE5 enzyme has a molecular mass of 200 kDa and its active state is a homodimer. PDE5 consists of monomers and each contains two major functional domains: the regulatory domain (R domain) which is located in the N-terminal portion of the protein and the ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors Phosphorylation of a single serine by PKG1 and the allosteric cGMP binding site activates the PDE5 catalytic activity and the result is a negative feedback regulation of cGMP/NO/PKG1 signalling. cGMP therefore interacts with both allosteric and catalytic domai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors The substrate pocket is composed of four subsites: M site (metal-binding site), Q pocket (core pocket), H pocket (hydrophobic pocket) and L region (lid region) as demonstrated in figure 3. The Q pocket accommodates the pyrazolopyrimidinone group of sildenafil.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors Patients who take nitrates, alpha blockers or sGC stimulators within 24 hours of PDE5 inhibitor administration (or 48 hours for tadalafil) may experience symptomatic hypotension, so concurrent use is contraindicated. PDE5 inhibitors are also contraindicated in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors R1 group is responsible for the binding of the drug to its active binding site of PDE5. Solubility is one of the pharmacological properties that was increased. A group was substituted for the hydrogen atom as demonstrated in figure 6. The sulfonamide group was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069188 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers β adrenergic receptor antagonists (also called beta-blockers or β-blockers) were initially developed in the 1960s, for the treatment of angina pectoris but are now also used for hypertension, congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias. In the 1950s, dichloroisoproterenol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers Black focused on developing a drug that would relieve the pain of angina pectoris, which results from oxygen deprivation in the heart. His plan was to create a drug that would decrease the heart's requirement for oxygen. He hypothesized that these compounds would lower the hea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers It turned out to have a higher potency than pronethalol, with fewer side effects. Propranolol became the first major drug in the treatment of angina pectoris, since the introduction of coronary vasodilators, (such as nitroglycerin), almost 100 years earlier. Propranolol became... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers The progress in β-blocker development led to the introduction of drugs with variety of properties. β-blockers were developed having a relative selectivity for cardiac β1-receptors (for example metoprolol and atenolol), partial adrenergic agonist activity (pindolol), concomitan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers β2-receptors can be found in the smooth muscles of vessels and the bronchies. β3-receptors are presumed to be involved in fatty acid metabolism and are found in the adipocytes. β-blockers cause a competitive inhibition of the β-receptor, which counters the effects of catechola... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers By blocking β receptor it is possible to reduce heart rate, conduction of velocity and contractility. The blocking of β receptor promotes vascular smooth muscle contraction, which results in increase of peripheral resistance. Blockade of the β receptor effectively reduces the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers The ring opening of the epoxide ring in glycidic ether is done with an appropriate amine, such as isopropyl amine or tert-butylamine, and leads to the aryloxypropanolamine compound that consist of a secondary amine. This amine is typically known as the structural requirement f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers A significant step in the development of β adrenergic antagonists was the discovery that an oxymethylene bridge (—OCH—, figure 7) could be inserted into the arylethanolamine structure of pronethalol to produce propranolol. Propranolol is an aryloxypropanolamine, which are more... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers Studies from practolol showed that moving the acylamino group to meta or ortho positions, on the benzene ring, caused a loss of selectivity but not loss of the β-blockade itself. This illustrated the significance of "para"-substitution for β selectivity of β-blockers. Figure 8... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers β-blockers, along with calcium channel blockers, reduce the workload of the heart and its oxygen requirement. β-blockers are sometimes used in a combination therapy to treat angina, if a β-blocker doesn't work well enough on its own. They are used as anti-arrhythmic drugs in p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers When symptoms of the essential tremors are considerably high, non-selective β-blockers are an important treatment option and usually the first choice. Studies have shown that propranolol did reduce symptoms the most in that category. The β-blockers can be used alone or in a co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers It is important to make the exposure of medications to the baby as small as possible. It is not clear if treating women who have mild or moderate hypertension during pregnancy with anti-hypertensive medication is beneficial. The most common first trimester antihypertensive are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069208 |
Guanidinonaltrindole may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069237 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator In pharmacology, GABA receptor positive allosteric modulators are positive allosteric modulator (PAM) molecules that increase the activity of the GABA receptor protein in the vertebrate central nervous system. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator Although barbiturates fell out of favor, they continue to serve as a short-acting anesthetic and anti-epileptic drugs. Benzodiazepines were discovered in 1955 and largely replaced the barbiturates because of their larger therapeutic index. At first benzodiazepines were consi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator In a rat brain slice preparation, the synthetic steroidal anesthetic alphaxalone (5α-pregnan-3α-ol-11,20 dione) enhanced both stimulus-evoked inhibition and the effects of exogenously applied muscimol which is a GABA selective agonist. The GABA receptors are made up of subun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator The second and third transmembrane domains of the β subunit appear to be critical; binding may involve a pocket formed by β-subunit methionine 286 as well as α-subunit methionine 236. Barbiturates were introduced as hypnotics for patients with schizophrenia. It induced a sta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator Sedative actions of benzodiazepines limit their usefulness as analgesic agents and they are therefore generally not considered to be appropriate. This limitation can be bypassed by intrathecal administration. GABA receptors in the periaqueductal gray are pro-nociceptive at s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator This hypothesis places the GABA system in a central role in the pathophysiology of depression and in addition to that clinical studies have shown that alprazolam and adinazolam have antidepressant activities in patients with major depressive disorder. Unfortunately we do not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator Additionally it has been surmised that the 3α-hydroxy ring A-reduced pregnane steroids allopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone increase the GABA-mediated chloride currents while pregnenolone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate on the other hand displ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator Neurosteroids are synthesized in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) from cholesterol and steroidal precursors that are imported from the peripheral sources. These sources include 3β-hydroxy-Δ5 derivatives, such as pregnenolone (PREG) and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator In general, the more lipid-soluble the barbiturate, the more rapid its onset, the shorter its duration and the greater the degree of hypnotic activity. Barbiturates showed some hydrolytic problems in regard to formulation of liquid dosage forms. The difficulty is -OH catalyz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator The steroids 3α,5α-THP and 3α,5α-THDOC were able to enhance the GABA-elicited Cl current. In addition, these steroids might enhance the binding of muscimol and benzodiazepines to GABA receptors. Structure- activity studies (SAR) showed that the 3alpha-OH group is essential f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41069253 |
Tripfordine Tripfordines are bio-active sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids of "Tripterygium wilfordii". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41071675 |
Wave action (continuum mechanics) In continuum mechanics, wave action refers to a conservable measure of the wave part of a motion. For small-amplitude and slowly varying waves, the wave action density is: where formula_2 is the intrinsic wave energy and formula_3 is the intrinsic frequency of the slowly modulated wave... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41085102 |
Wave action (continuum mechanics) The equation for the conservation of wave action is for instance used extensively in wind wave models to forecast sea states as needed by mariners, the offshore industry and for coastal defense. Also in plasma physics and acoustics the concept of wave action is used. The derivation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41085102 |
Electrodynamic droplet deformation Electrohydrodynamic droplet deformation is a phenomenon that occurs when liquid droplets suspended in a second immiscible liquid are exposed to an oscillating electric field. Under these conditions, the droplet will periodically deform between prolate and oblate ellipsoidal shapes. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41093622 |
Electrodynamic droplet deformation The injected bubbles/droplets are typically of a lower density than the coolant and thus experience an upward buoyancy force. They enhance the thermal performance of cooling systems because as they float upwards in heated pipes the coolant is forced to flow around the bubbles/droplets... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41093622 |
Electrodynamic droplet deformation Exposing batches of crude oil to both DC and AC high-voltage electric fields induces droplet deformation that ultimately causes the water droplets to coalesce into larger droplets. Droplet coalescence improves the separation rate of water from crude oil because the upward velocity of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41093622 |
Electrodynamic droplet deformation Taylor confirmed the validity of his solution by comparing it to images from flow visualization studies that observed circulation both inside and outside the droplet interface. Torza's 1971 solution for droplet deformation under the presence of a uniform, time-varying electric field i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41093622 |
Electrodynamic droplet deformation By re-expressing the electric field in terms of the gradient of the electric potential, the governing electric equation reduces to Laplace's equation. Separation of variables can be used to derive a solution to this equation of the form of a power series multiplied by the cosine of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41093622 |
Electrodynamic droplet deformation Using the streamfunction solution, Torza derived analytical expressions for the velocity fields that could be used to derive analytical expressions for hydrodynamic stress on the interface for incompressible Newtonian fluids. formula_4 formula_5 formula_6 To incorporate the effect of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41093622 |
Electrodynamic droplet deformation It is a function of all the material properties and the frequency of oscillation, but is completely independent of time. The time varying cosine term shows that the droplet does in fact oscillate at twice the frequency of the imposed electric field but is also generally out of phase d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41093622 |
Electrodynamic droplet deformation Even for a small electrode spacing, this type of field requires electric potentials greater than 500V, which is roughly three times wall voltage in the United States. Practically speaking, this large of an electric field can only be achieved if the electrode spacing is very small (~ O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41093622 |
Atractylenolide Atractylenolides I-III are bio-active isolates of the rhizome "Rhizoma atractylodes" (Cāng zhú). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41101069 |
Poly-gamma-glutamate Poly-γ-glutamate is a metabolite of "Bacillus subtilis". Poly-γ-glutamate inhibits tyrosinase and melanogenesis "in vitro". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41101311 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.