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Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry , moving belts) but the most common of these was the off-line MALDI deposition. A new approach still under development called direct-EI LC-MS interface, couples a nano HPLC system and an electron ionization equipped mass spectrometer. ESI interface for LC-MS systems was developed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2378378 |
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry The development of the APCI interface for LC-MS started with Horning and collaborators in the early 1973. However, its commercial application was introduced at the beginning of the 1990s after Henion and collaborators improved the LC-APCI-MS interface in 1986. The APCI ion source... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2378378 |
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry This interface is similar to the APCI ion source, but instead of a corona discharge, the ionization occurs by using photons coming from a discharge lamp. In the direct-APPI mode, singly charged analyte molecular ions are formed by absorption of a photon and ejection of an electro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2378378 |
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry Pharmacokinetic studies are needed to determine how quickly a drug will be cleared from the body organs and the hepatic blood flow. MS analyzers are useful in these studies because of their shorter analysis time, and higher sensitivity and specificity compared to UV detectors com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2378378 |
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry LC-MS has emerged as one of the most commonly used technologies in global metabolite profiling of biological tissue (e.g., blood plasma, serum, urine). LC-MS is also used for the analysis of natural products and the profiling of secondary metabolites in plants. In this regard, MS... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2378378 |
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry LC-MS applications for drug development are highly automated methods used for peptide mapping, glycoprotein mapping, lipodomics, natural products dereplication, bioaffinity screening, "in vivo" drug screening, metabolic stability screening, metabolite identification, impurity ide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2378378 |
Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. It normally occurs in the formation of bone, but calcium can be deposited abnormally in soft tissue, causing it to harden. Calcifications may be classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification. may also ref... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2379726 |
Calcification Malignant lesions may have stippled or eccentric calcification. In a number of breast pathologies, calcium is often deposited at sites of cell death or in association secretions or hyalinized stroma, resulting in pathologic calcification. For example, small, irregular, linear calcifications may be seen, v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2379726 |
Methylindole A variety of isomers of methyl indole derivatives are known: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2380675 |
Shot (pellet) Shot is a collective term for small balls or pellets, often made of lead. These were the original projectiles for shotguns and are still fired primarily from shotguns and less commonly from riot guns and grenade launchers, although shot shells are available in many pistol calibers in a configuration calle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Shot (pellet) Water is usually placed at the bottom of the tower, causing the lead to be cooled immediately after dropping. Roundness of manufactured shot produced from the shot tower process is graded by forcing the newly produced shot to roll accurately down inclined planes. Unround shot will naturally roll to the si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Shot (pellet) 0 shot, while also depending on the specific lead alloy that is used. The roundness of the lead shot depends on the angle of the inclined surfaces as well as the temperature of the liquid coolant. Various coolants have successfully been used, ranging from diesel fuel to antifreeze and water-soluble oil. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Shot (pellet) Soft lead shot is also more readily deformed during the firing process by the effects of chokes. The manufacture of non-lead shot differs from that of lead, with compression molding used to create some alloys. Shot is available in many sizes for different applications. The size of numbered shot decreases ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Shot (pellet) Below is a chart with diameters per pellet and weight for idealized lead spheres in USA. Lead shot is also often used as ballast in various situations, especially where a dense, pourable weight is required. Generally, small shot is best for these applications, as it can be poured more like a liquid. Compl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Shot (pellet) Foraging studies of the endangered Californian condor have shown that avian scavengers consume lead fragments in gut piles left in the field from harvested big game animals, as well as by the consumption of small game, or "pest animal," carcasses that have been shot with lead-core ammo, but not retrieved.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Shot (pellet) In an effort to protect the condor, the use of projectiles containing lead has been banned for hunting deer, wild pig, elk, pronghorn antelope, coyotes, ground squirrels, and other non-game wildlife in areas of California designated as its range. The bald eagle has similarly been shown to be affected by l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Shot (pellet) The use of lead has been banned for all hunting activities in the Netherlands as of 1992. The Missouri Department of Conservation introduced regulations in 2007 in some hunting areas requiring the use of non-toxic shot to protect upland birds. Some clay pigeon ranges in the US have banned the use of lead ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Shot (pellet) Within recent years, several companies have created non-toxic shot out of bismuth, tungsten, or other elements or alloys with a density similar to or greater than lead, and with a shot softness that results in ballistic properties that are comparable to lead. These shells provide more consistent patterns ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381321 |
Sodium aluminosilicate refers to compounds which contain sodium, aluminium, silicon and oxygen, and which may also contain water. These include synthetic amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, a few naturally occurring minerals and synthetic zeolites. Synthetic amorphous sodium aluminosilicate is widely used as a food addit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381409 |
AutoAnalyzer The is an automated analyzer using a flow technique called continuous flow analysis (CFA), or more correctly Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA) first made by the Technicon Corporation. The instrument was invented in 1957 by Leonard Skeggs, PhD and commercialized by Jack Whitehead's Technicon Corporation. The fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
AutoAnalyzer Samples and standards are treated in an exactly identical manner as they travel the length of the fluidic pathway, eliminating the necessity of a steady state signal, however, since the presence of bubbles create an almost square wave profile, bringing the system to steady state does not significantly decr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
AutoAnalyzer While the mixes sample homogeneously with reagents, in all FIA techniques sample and reagents are merged to form a concentration gradient that yields analysis results. FIA methods can be used for both fast reactions as well as slow reactions. For slow reactions, a heater is often utilized. The reaction doe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
AutoAnalyzer Technicon experimented with FIA long before it was championed by Ruzicka and Hansen. Andres Ferrari reported that analysis was possible without bubbles if flow rates were increased and tubing diameters decreased. In fact, Skegg's first attempts at the auto analyzer did not segment. Technicon chose to not p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
AutoAnalyzer In medical testing applications and industrial samples with high concentrations or interfering material, there is often a dialyzer module in the instrument in which the analyte permeates through a dialysis membrane into a separate flow path going on to further analysis. The purpose of a dialyzer is to sepa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
AutoAnalyzer During the 1960s industrial laboratories were hesitant to use the autoanalyzer. Acceptance by regulatory agencies eventually came about by demonstration that the techniques are no different from a recording spectrophotometer with reagents and samples added at the exact chemical ratios as traditionally acce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
AutoAnalyzer The Bran+Luebbe CFA business was bought by SEAL Analytical in 2006 and they continue to manufacture, sell and support the II/3 and QuAAtro CFA systems, as well as Discrete Analyzers. And there are other manufacturers of CFA instruments. Skalar Inc., subsidiary of Skalar Analytical, founded in 1965, which h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
AutoAnalyzer OI is also the only major instrument manufacturer that provides segmented flow analysis (SFA) and flow injection analysis (FIA) options on the same platform. AutoAnalyzers were used mainly for routine repetitive medical laboratory analyses, but they had been replaced during the last years more and more by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
AutoAnalyzer The first industrial applications - mainly for water, soil extracts and fertilizer - used the same hardware and techniques as clinical methods, but from the mid-1970s special techniques and modules were developed so that by 1990 it was possible to perform solvent extraction, distillation, on-line filtratio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382486 |
Neopterin is a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), a purine nucleotide. belongs to the chemical group known as pteridines. It is synthesised by human macrophages upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-gamma and is indicative of a pro-inflammatory immune status. serves as a marker of cellular immun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2383387 |
Neo-Hookean solid A neo-Hookean solid is a hyperelastic material model, similar to Hooke's law, that can be used for predicting the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of materials undergoing large deformations. The model was proposed by Ronald Rivlin in 1948. In contrast to linear elastic materials, the stress-strain cur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2383470 |
Neo-Hookean solid The strain energy density function for an incompressible neo-Hookean material in a three-dimensional description is where formula_2 is a material constant, and formula_3 is the first invariant (trace), of the right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor, i.e., where formula_5 are the principal stretches. For... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2383470 |
Neo-Hookean solid For a compressible neo-Hookean hyperelastic material, the principal components of the Cauchy stress are given by Therefore, the differences between the principal stresses are In terms of the principal stretches, the Cauchy stress differences for an incompressible hyperelastic material are given by For... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2383470 |
Neo-Hookean solid In the case of equibiaxial extension Therefore, The stress differences are If the material is in a state of plane stress then formula_59 and we have We also have a relation between formula_39 and formula_15: or, This equation can be solved for formula_39 using Newton's method. For an incompressible ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2383470 |
Neo-Hookean solid Now, Hence the Cauchy stress is given by Using the relation for the Cauchy stress for an incompressible neo-Hookean material we get Thus neo-Hookean solid shows linear dependence of shear stresses upon shear deformation and quadratic dependence of the normal stress difference on the shear deformation.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2383470 |
CHON is a mnemonic acronym for the four most common elements in living organisms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The acronym CHNOPS, which stands for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, represents the six most important chemical elements whose covalent combinations make up most biological m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2384768 |
Herchel Smith (May 6, 1925 – December 20, 2001) was an Anglo-American organic chemist. His discoveries include the key inventions underlying oral and injectable contraceptives. In later life, he was a major benefactor to university science. In England, the University of Cambridge and Queen Mary University of London hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2384857 |
Herchel Smith Herchel Smith’s work on new methods for the total synthesis of steroids led to the development of commercially feasible methods for the industrial production of estrone, equilin (an important constituent of treatments for post-menopausal syndrome), 19-nor-testosterone, and Norgestrel (a novel progestogen)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2384857 |
High Blast Explosive High Blast Explosive, or HBX, is an explosive used as a bursting charge in missile warheads, mines, depth bombs, depth charges, and torpedoes. It was developed during World War II as a desensitized modification of Torpex explosives.<ref name="Ordnance Technical Data Sheet U.S. BOMB, 325-350-LB, DEP... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2384938 |
Taylor number In fluid dynamics, the (Ta) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the importance of centrifugal "forces" or so-called inertial forces due to rotation of a fluid about an axis, relative to viscous forces. In 1923 Geoffrey Ingram Taylor introduced this quantity in his article on the stability of fl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2385242 |
Taylor number There are various definitions of the which are not all equivalent, but most commonly it is given by where formula_2 is a characteristic angular velocity, "R" is a characteristic linear dimension perpendicular to the rotation axis, and formula_3 is the kinematic viscosity. In the case of inertial instabili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2385242 |
Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) is a program for first-principles electronic structure calculations that makes use of density functional theory (DFT). ADF was first developed in the early seventies by the group of E. J. Baerends from the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, and by the group of T. Ziegler from the Univer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2385655 |
Taylor–Couette flow In fluid dynamics, the consists of a viscous fluid confined in the gap between two rotating cylinders. For low angular velocities, measured by the Reynolds number "Re", the flow is steady and purely azimuthal. This basic state is known as circular Couette flow, after Maurice Marie Alfred Couette, wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2385900 |
Taylor–Couette flow Different flow regimes have been categorized over the years including twisted Taylor vortices and wavy outflow boundaries. It has been a well researched and documented flow in fluid dynamics. A simple is a steady flow created between two rotating infinitely long coaxial cylinders. Since the cylinder... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2385900 |
Taylor–Couette flow For flow in which instabilities in the flow are not present, i.e. perturbations to the flow are damped out by viscous forces, and the flow is steady. But, as the formula_11 exceeds formula_12, axisymmetric instabilities appear. The nature of these instabilities is that of an exchange of stabilities ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2385900 |
Taylor–Couette flow "Wavy" in this sense refers to the progression of changes to the flow in the angular direction. The entire map of flow regimes is incomplete; experiments are sometimes conducted to elucidate a particular region of interest, but gaps in understanding remain. One potentially distinct regime called "so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2385900 |
Dentine bonding agents Also known as a "bonderizer" bonding agents (spelled "dentin bonding agents" in American English) are resin materials used to make a dental composite filling material adhere to both dentin and enamel. Bonding agents are often methacrylates with some volatile carrier and solvent like acetone. They... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2386081 |
Dentine bonding agents This partially demineralised dentine acts as a hollow scaffolding which can be perfused with the primer. Over-etching (as well as over-drying) of the dentine can lead to collapse of the collagen network, making infiltration of the primer more challenging. However, sclerosed dentine requires a lon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2386081 |
Dentine bonding agents b) Acid will demineralize the intertubular and peritubular dentin, and then open the dentinal tubules while exposing the collagen fibres, hence increasing the microporosity of intertubular dentin. c) Dentin will be demineralized by up to approximately 7.5 µmeter, depending on the type of acid use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2386081 |
Dentine bonding agents The thickness of smear layer can range from 0.5-2 µmeter and for the smear plug, 1 to 10 µmeter. Smear layer poses some threat for optimal bonding to occur. That is why it needs to be removed. For example, smear layer needs to be removed prior to bonding by etch-and-rinse (total etch) adhesives. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2386081 |
Dentine bonding agents When dentin is etched, smear layer and minerals from dentinal structure will be removed, hence exposing the collagen fibres. The areas where the minerals are removed are filled with water which functions as plasticizer for collagen and keeps it at expanded soft state. This means that the spaces f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2386081 |
Dentine bonding agents If the dentin surface is too dry, collapse of collagen fibres and demineralized dentin can occur, leading to low bond strength. Besides having adequate dentinal moisture, agitation of the primers during application of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives may be critical for optimal penetration into ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2386081 |
Cyanohydrin reaction A cyanohydrin reaction is an organic chemical reaction by an aldehyde or ketone with a cyanide anion or a nitrile to form a cyanohydrin. This nucleophilic addition is a reversible reaction but with aliphatic carbonyl compounds equilibrium is in favor of the reaction products. The cyanide source can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2386670 |
Ditungsten tetra(hpp) Tetrakis(hexahydropyrimidinopyrimidine)ditungsten(II), known as ditungsten tetra(hpp), is the name of the coordination compound with the formula W(hpp). This material consists of a pair of tungsten centers linked by the conjugate base of four hexahydropyrimidopyrimidine (hpp) ligands. It adopts a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2387347 |
Ditungsten tetra(hpp) Because of its low ionization energy, W(hpp) is easily oxidized back to the dichloride by dichloromethane. It is readily oxidized to the corresponding cation with the oxidants fullerene and with tetracyanoquinodimethane. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2387347 |
Hollow-cathode lamp A hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) is type of cold cathode lamp used in physics and chemistry as a spectral line source (e.g. for atomic absorption spectrometers) and as a frequency tuner for light sources such as lasers. An HCL takes advantage of the hollow cathode effect, which causes conduction at a low... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2387957 |
Hollow-cathode lamp Indirect photoionization can then occur when electron collisions with the excited atom eject an atomic electron. formula_3 = atom, formula_4 = photon, formula_5 = atom in excited state, and formula_6 = electron The newly created ions cause an increase in the current across the cathode/anode and a re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2387957 |
Mooney–Rivlin solid In continuum mechanics, a is a hyperelastic material model where the strain energy density function formula_1 is a linear combination of two invariants of the left Cauchy–Green deformation tensor formula_2. The model was proposed by Melvin Mooney in 1940 and expressed in terms of invariants by Ronal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2389236 |
Mooney–Rivlin solid The Cauchy stress in a compressible hyperelastic material with a stress free reference configuration is given by For a compressible Mooney–Rivlin material, Therefore, the Cauchy stress in a compressible Mooney–Rivlin material is given by It can be shown, after some algebra, that the pressure is give... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2389236 |
Mooney–Rivlin solid Hence If we define then The slope of the formula_57 versus formula_58 line gives the value of formula_59 while the intercept with the formula_60 axis gives the value of formula_61. The model usually fits experimental data better than Neo-Hookean solid does, but requires an additional empirical const... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2389236 |
Mooney–Rivlin solid The recommended tests are uniaxial tension, equibiaxial compression, equibiaxial tension, uniaxial compression, and for shear, planar tension and planar compression. The two parameter Mooney–Rivlin model is usually valid for strains less than 100%. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2389236 |
Purity Distilling Company The was a chemical firm based in Boston, Massachusetts specializing in the production of ethanol through the distillation process. It was a subsidiary of United States Industrial Alcohol Company who purchased the company in 1917. In 1919, one of its largest molasses tanks, which was built in 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2389984 |
Boric acid (data page) This page provides supplementary chemical data on boric acid. The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions. Except where noted otherw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393287 |
Van der Waals constants (data page) The following table lists the van der Waals constants (from the van der Waals equation) for a number of common gases and volatile liquids. To convert from formula_1 to formula_2, multiply by 100. 1 J·m/mol = 1 m·Pa/mol = 10 L·bar/mol 1 Latm/mol = .101325 J·m/mol = 0.101325 Pa·m/mol 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393843 |
Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar). There is a net transfer of one or more species from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction From a hydrometallurgical perspective, solvent extraction is exclusively used in separation and purification of uranium and plutonium, zirconium and hafnium, separation of cobalt and nickel, separation and purification of rare earth elements etc., its greatest advantage being its ability to sel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction A detergent or fine solid can be used to stabilize an emulsion, or third phase. In solvent extraction, a distribution ratio is often quoted as a measure of how well-extracted a species is. The distribution ratio ("Kd") is equal to the concentration of a solute in the organic phase divided by it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction This is an important distinction to make as whilst the partition coefficient has a fixed value for the partitioning of a solute between two phases, the distribution ratio changes with differing conditions in the solvent. After performing liquid–liquid extraction, a quantitative measure must be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction The best way to understand the success of an extraction column is through the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data set. The data set can then be converted into a curve to determine the steady state partitioning behavior of the solute between the two phases. The y-axis is the concentration of so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction This process is valuable in the extraction of proteins and specifically phosphoprotein and phosphopeptide phosphatases. Another example of this application is extracting anisole from a mixture of water and 5% acetic acid using ether, then the anisole will enter the organic phase. The two phases... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction 1) in the extraction portion of the process. It is often the case that the process will have a section for scrubbing unwanted metals from the organic phase, and finally a stripping section to obtain the metal back from the organic phase. Battery of mixer-settlers counter currently interconnecte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction Centrifugal extractors minimize the solvent in the process, optimize the product load in the solvent and extract the aqueous phase completely. Counter current and cross current extractions are easily established. Some solutes such as noble gases can be extracted from one phase to another withou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction The PUREX process that is commonly used in nuclear reprocessing uses a mixture of tri-n-butyl phosphate and an inert hydrocarbon (kerosene), the uranium(VI) are extracted from strong nitric acid and are back-extracted (stripped) using weak nitric acid. An organic soluble uranium complex [UO(TBP... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction An example of an ion exchange extraction would be the extraction of americium by a combination of terpyridine and a carboxylic acid in "tert"-butyl benzene. In this case "D" = "k" terpyridinecarboxylic acidH+ Another example is the extraction of zinc, cadmium, or lead by a dialkyl phosphinic ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction 1 kJ mol is required to transfer an acetate anion into nitrobenzene, while the energy required to transfer a chloride anion from an aqueous phase to nitrobenzene is 43.8 kJ mol. Hence, if the aqueous phase in a reaction is a solution of sodium acetate while the organic phase is a nitrobenzene s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction This improves the target's affinity to that phase, and improves its ability to partition from one phase into the other. This, as well as the absence of solvents or other denaturing agents, makes polymer–polymer extractions an attractive option for purifying proteins. The two phases of a polymer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction However, samples often contain nucleases that degrade the target DNA before it can be purified. It has been shown that DNA fragments will partition into the light phase of a polymer–salt separation system. If ligands known to bind and deactivate nucleases are incorporated into the polymer phase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction If the sample can be extracted from the sorbent using a nonpolar solvent (such as toluene or carbon disulfide), and the coating is polar (such as HBr or phosphoric acid) the dissolved coating will partition into the aqueous phase. Clearly the reverse is true as well, using polar extraction solv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction Subsequent processing can recover the amine by techniques such as recrystallization, evaporation or distillation; subsequent extraction back to a polar phase can be performed by adding HCl and shaking again in a separatory funnel (at which point the ammonium ion could be recovered by adding an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction In a typical scenario, an industrial process will use an extraction step in which solutes are transferred from the aqueous phase to the organic phase; this is often followed by a scrubbing stage in which unwanted solutes are removed from the organic phase, then a stripping stage in which the wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction The extraction methods for a range of metals include: The extraction of cobalt from hydrochloric acid using Alamine 336 (tri-octyl/decyl amine) in "meta"-xylene. Cobalt can be extracted also using Cyanex 272 {"bis"-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid}. Copper can be extracted using hydroxyo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Liquid–liquid extraction To strip the zinc from the D2EHPA, sulfuric acid is used, at a concentration of above 170g/l (typically 240-265g/l). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2393984 |
Ziryab Abu l-Hasan 'Ali Ibn Nafi or (789–857; ) was a singer, oud player, composer, poet, and teacher who lived and worked in Iraq, Northern Africa, and Andalusia of the medieval Islamic period. He was also known as a polymath, with knowledge in astronomy, geography, meteorology, botanics, cosmetics, culinary art and f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2395253 |
Ziryab After their 8th century conquest of nearly all of Hispania, which they renamed Al-Andalus, the Muslims were a small minority for quite some time, greatly outnumbered by the majority Christians and a smaller community of Jews, who had their own styles of music. With their arrival, the Muslims and Arabs introduced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2395253 |
Ziryab He then traveled first to (Syria), then to Ifriqiya (Tunisia), where he lived at the Aghlabid court of Ziyadat Allah (ruled 816–837). fell out with Ziyadat Allah but was invited to Al-Andalus by the Umayyad prince, Al-Hakam I (ruled 796–822). He found on arrival in 822 that the prince had died, but the prince's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2395253 |
Ziryab He was a great influence on Spanish music, and is considered the founder of the Andalusian music traditions of North Africa. Ziryab's Baghdadi musical style became very popular in the court of Abd al-Rahman II. also became the example of how a courtier, a person who attended aristocratic courts, should act. Acco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2395253 |
Ziryab According to the main source, Ibn Hayyan, had eight sons and two daughters. Five of the sons and both daughters became musicians of some prominence. These children kept their father's music school alive, but the female slave singers he trained also were regarded as reliable sources for his repertoire in the foll... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2395253 |
Ziryab According to Al-Maqqari before the arrival of Ziryab, all the people of al-Andalus, in the Cordoban court, wore their long hair parted in the middle and hung down loose down to the shoulders, men and women; had his hair cut with bangs down to his eyebrows and straight across his forehead, "new short hairstyles l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2395253 |
Ziryab The musical contributions of alone are staggering, laying the early groundwork for classic Spanish music. transcended music and style and became a revolutionary cultural figure in 8th and 9th century Iberia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2395253 |
Bower–Barff process In metallurgy, the is a method of coating iron or steel with magnetic iron oxide, such as FeO, in order to minimize atmospheric corrosion. The articles to be treated are put into a closed retort and a current of superheated steam passed through for twenty minutes followed by a current of producer ga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2395919 |
Nicholas C. Handy Nicholas Charles Handy, FRS (17 June 1941 – 2 October 2012) was a British theoretical chemist. He retired as Professor of quantum chemistry at the University of Cambridge in September 2004. Handy was born in Wiltshire, England and educated at Clayesmore School. He studied the Mathematical Tripos at th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2398004 |
Valsartan Valsartan, sold under the trade name Diovan among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth. Versions are available as the combination valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2398993 |
Valsartan There is contradictory evidence with regard to treating people with heart failure with a combination of an angiotensin receptor blocker like valsartan and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, with two major clinical trials showing a reduction in death, and two others showing no benefits, and more adver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2398993 |
Valsartan Less common side effects include joint pain, fatigue, and back pain (all 3% vs 2%). Clinical trials for valsartan treatment for hypertension versus placebo demonstrate side effects like viral infection (3% vs 2%), fatigue (2% vs 1%) and abdominal pain (2% vs 1%). Minor side effects that occurred at >1% but we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2398993 |
Valsartan prescribing information lists the following drug interactions for valsartan: With the tablet, food decreases the valsartan tablet taker's exposure to valsartan by about 40% and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) by about 50%, evidenced by AUC change. blocks the actions of angiotensin II, which include constrict... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2398993 |
Valsartan It is used to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. On 6 July 2018, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recalled certain batches of valsartan and valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide film-coated tablets distributed in 22 countries in Europe, plus Canada. Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. (ZHP) in Linh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2398993 |
Valsartan On 2 August 2018, the FDA published two lengthy, updated lists, classifying hundreds of specific U.S. products containing valsartan into those included versus excluded from the recall. A week later, the FDA cited two more drugmakers, Zhejiang Tianyu Pharmaceuticals of China and Hetero Labs Limited of India, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2398993 |
Valsartan However, the absolute risk reduction is small (less than 1 percent per year) and diet, exercise or other drugs, may be more protective. In the same study, no reduction in the rate of cardiovascular events (including death) was shown. In one study of people without diabetes, valsartan reduced the risk of devel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2398993 |
ADR (treaty) ADR, formally the European Agreement of 30 September 1957 concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, is a 1957 United Nations treaty that governs transnational transport of hazardous materials. "ADR" is derived from the French name for the treaty: "Accord européen relatif au transpor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2400080 |
ADR (treaty) This article states that with the exception of certain exceptionally dangerous materials, hazardous materials may in general be transported internationally in wheeled vehicles, provided that two sets of conditions be met: The appendices consist of nine chapters, with the following contents The classes of d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2400080 |
Artificial kidney is often a synonym for hemodialysis, but may also, refer to renal replacement therapies (with exclusion of kidney transplantation) that are in use and/or in development. This article deals with bioengineered kidneys/bioartificial kidneys that are grown from renal cell lines/renal tissue. The first suc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2400647 |
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