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Isotopomers or isotopic isomers are isomers with isotopic atoms, having the same number of each isotope of each element but differing in their positions. The result is that the molecules are either constitutional isomers or stereoisomers solely based on isotopic location. For example, CHCHDCH and CHCHCHD are a pair of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2421084 |
Isotopomers The rare case where two adjacent carbon atoms in a single structure are both C causes a detectable coupling effect between them as well as signals for each one itself. The INADEQUATE correlation experiment uses this effect to provide evidence for which carbon atoms in a structure are attached to each other,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2421084 |
Durabis (Latin for "you will last") is a brand name for a clear polymer coating developed by the TDK Corporation. The need for a protective polymer arose because the data layer on Blu-ray discs is much closer to the surface of the disc than in other disc formats, such as HD DVD. One of its principal applications at fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2422076 |
Durabis Although it might seem possible to adapt the polymer to other uses in LCD, CRT, and plasma screens, TDK plans to target the DVD market for now, because scratches are so common on DVDs that in the rental market, they may only last about 12 to 13 rentals on average. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2422076 |
Reinhart Ahlrichs (16 January 1940 – 12 October 2016) was a German theoretical chemist. Ahlrichs was born on the 16 January 1940 in Göttingen. He studied Physics at the University of Göttingen (Diplom (M.Sc.) in 1965) and received his PhD in 1968 with W. A. Bingel. From 1968-69 he was assistant at Göttingen with Werner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2422981 |
Bond length In molecular geometry, bond length or bond distance is defined as the average distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is a transferable property of a bond between atoms of fixed types, relatively independent of the rest of the molecule. is related to bond order: when more electrons par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423723 |
Bond length The bond length between two atoms in a molecule depends not only on the atoms but also on such factors as the orbital hybridization and the electronic and steric nature of the substituents. The carbon–carbon (C–C) bond length in diamond is 154 pm. It is generally considered the average length for a carbon–c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423723 |
Bond length Carbon–carbon single bonds increased s-character is also notable in the central bond of diacetylene (137 pm) and that of a certain tetrahedrane dimer (144 pm). In propionitrile the cyano group withdraws electrons, also resulting in a reduced bond length (144 pm). Squeezing a C–C bond is also possible by app... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423723 |
Coal pollution mitigation Coal pollution mitigation, often called clean coal, is a series of systems and technologies that seek to mitigate the pollution and other environmental effects normally associated with the burning (though not the mining or processing) of coal, which is widely regarded as the dirtiest of the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation Department of Energy since 2003, none are in operation as of February 2017, having been abandoned or delayed due to capital budget overruns or discontinued because of excessive operating expenses. Since the 1970s, various policy and regulatory measures have driven coal pollution mitigation. In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation According to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the burning of coal, a fossil fuel, is a significant contributor to global warming. (See the UN IPCC Fourth Assessment Report). Burning 1 ton of coal produces 2.86 tons of carbon dioxide. Carbon sequestration technology... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation For many years—before greenhouse gasses were widely understood to be a threat—it was thought that these by-products were the only drawback to using coal. These by-products are still a problem, but they have been greatly diminished in most advanced countries due to clean air regulations. It is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation Cleaning coal is very expensive." Conversion of a conventional coal-fired power plant is done by injecting the into ammonium carbonate after which it is then transported and deposited underground (preferably in soil beneath the sea). This injection process however is by far the most expensive.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation (The previous Prime Minister John Howard had stated that nuclear power was a better alternative, as CCS technology may not prove to be economically feasible.) In 2014 SaskPower a provincial-owned electric utility finished renovations on Boundary Dam's boiler number 3 making it the world's firs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation Japan had adopted prior pilot projects on IGCC coal power plants in the early-1990s and late-2000s. In the United States, "clean coal" was mentioned by former President George W. Bush on several occasions, including his 2007 State of the Union Address. Bush's position was that carbon capture a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation During the first 2012 United States presidential election debate, Mitt Romney expressed his support for clean coal, and claimed that current federal policies were hampering the coal industry. The Office of Clean Coal and Carbon Management is part of the United States Department of Energy. It s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation They also point out that there can be a large amount of energy required and pollution emitted in transporting the coal to the power plants. The Reality Coalition, a US non-profit climate organization composed of the Alliance for Climate Protection, the Sierra Club, the National Wildlife Federa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation More generally, the term has been found in modern usage to describe technologies designed to enhance both the efficiency and the environmental acceptability of coal extraction, preparation, and use. U.S. Senate Bill 911 in April, 1987, defined clean coal technology as follows: "The term clean ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation These emissions have been established to have a negative impact on the environment and human health, contributing to acid rain, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. As a result, clean coal technologies are being developed to remove or reduce pollutant emissions to the atmosphere. Some of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation Clean coal technology usually addresses atmospheric problems resulting from burning coal. Historically, the primary focus was on SO and NO, the most important gases in causation of acid rain, and particulates which cause visible air pollution and have deleterious effects on human health. Sever... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation The facility captures CO and acid rain producing pollutants, separates them, and compresses the CO into a liquid. Plans are to inject the CO into depleted natural gas fields or other geological formations. Vattenfall opines that this technology is considered not to be a final solution for CO r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation Department of Energy (DOE) began conducting a joint program with the industry and State agencies to demonstrate clean coal technologies large enough for commercial use. The program, called the Clean Coal Technology & Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI), has had a number of successes that have r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation According to a report by the assistant secretary for fossil energy at the U.S. Department of Energy, clean coal technology has paid measurable dividends. Technological innovation introduced through the CCT Program now provides consumers cost-effective, clean, coal-based energy. According to Un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Coal pollution mitigation According to the Sierra Club, "Despite the industry's hype, there's no such thing as 'clean coal.' But new technologies and policies can help reduce coal plants' deadly emissions." Conjunction with enhanced oil recovery and other applications; commercial-scale CCS is currently being tested in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2423894 |
Shikimic acid Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower "shikimi" (, the Japanese star anise, "Illicium anisatum"), from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2424155 |
Shikimic acid Although this reaction requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a cofactor, the enzymic mechanism regenerates it, resulting in the net use of no NAD. DHQ is dehydrated to 3-dehydroshikimic acid by the enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, which is reduced to shikimic acid by the enzyme shikimate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2424155 |
Shikimic acid Shikimate 3-phosphate is then coupled with phosphoenol pyruvate to give 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate via the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase. Then 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate is transformed into chorismate by a chorismate synthase. Prephenic acid is then synthesized ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2424155 |
Shikimic acid Although shikimic acid is present in most autotrophic organisms, it is a biosynthetic intermediate and in general found in very low concentrations. The low isolation yield of shikimic acid from the Chinese star anise is blamed for the 2005 shortage of oseltamivir. can also be extracted from the seeds of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2424155 |
Shikimic acid Glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup, kills plants by interfering with the shikimate pathway in plants. More specifically, glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). "Roundup Ready" genetically modified crops overcome that inhibition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2424155 |
Camp American University was the name the U.S. military used for the segment of the Washington, DC main campus of American University during World War I and World War II. During both wars, the university allowed the U.S. military to use parts of its grounds for weapons development and testing. In 1917, 24 days after th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2427139 |
Camp American University This led to major cleanup efforts in the 1990s and 2000s (decade) on the site, which included a corner of the university and several neighboring residences, one of them the Embassy of South Korea. As of 2009, an estimated $170 million had been spent over a sixteen-year period, searching for che... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2427139 |
Ewine van Dishoeck Ewine Fleur van Dishoeck (born 13 June 1955 in Leiden) is a Dutch astronomer and chemist. She is Professor of Molecular Astrophysics at Leiden Observatory, and the president of the International Astronomical Union. She is one of the pioneers of astrochemistry, and her research is aimed at determinati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2427262 |
Ewine van Dishoeck Van Dishoeck is married to Tim de Zeeuw, also a professor of astronomy at Leiden University and from September 2007 to 2017, Director General of the European Southern Observatory. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2427262 |
Atom vibrations The atoms and ions of a crystalline lattice, which are bonded with each other with considerable inter molecular forces, are not motionless. Due to the consistent vibration induced from thermal energy, they are permanently deviating from their equilibrium position. Elastic waves of different lengths, fre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2427576 |
Atom vibrations The amplitude of atomic vibrations depend on temperature of conductor. At higher temperature, atoms vibrate with larger amplitudes and hence motion of electrons is largely opposed due to more frequent collisions. This increases resistance of conductor. Correct data about the frequency spectrum is provid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2427576 |
Camp Leach was the name the U.S. military used for the segment of the Washington, DC main campus of American University during World War I and World War II. The site is now in Spring Valley. During both wars, the university allowed the U.S. military to use parts of its grounds for weapons development and testing. In 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2427792 |
Camp Leach The next day it was reported in the Washington Post that World War I bomb shells had been unearthed near a Senator's house bordering the university grounds. This touched off a cleanup effort by the Environmental Protection Agency and Army who call it the Spring Valley Formerly Used Defense Site. This cleanup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2427792 |
Congelation is the process by which something congeals, or thickens. This increase in viscosity can be achieved through a reduction in temperature or through chemical reactions. Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. In alchemy, congelation is one of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428176 |
Fixation (alchemy) In alchemy, fixation is a process by which a previously volatile substance is "transformed" into a form (often solid) that is not affected by fire. It separates the substance or object and puts it back in the same or different shape at a subatomic level. Fixation is sometimes listed as one of the pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428216 |
Ceration is a chemical process, a common practice in alchemy. It is performed by continuously adding a liquid by imbibition to a hard, dry substance while it is heated. Typically, this treatment makes the substance softer, more like molten wax ("cera" in Latin). Pseudo-Geber's "Summa Perfectionis" explains that ceratio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428263 |
Mass balance A mass balance, also called a material balance, is an application of conservation of mass to the analysis of physical systems. By accounting for material entering and leaving a system, mass flows can be identified which might have been unknown, or difficult to measure without this technique. The exact cons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Mass balance Mathematically the mass balance for a system without a chemical reaction is as follows: Strictly speaking the above equation holds also for systems with chemical reactions if the terms in the balance equation are taken to refer to total mass, i.e. the sum of all the chemical species of the system. In the a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Mass balance Consider the situation in which a slurry is flowing into a settling tank to remove the solids in the tank. Solids are collected at the bottom by means of a conveyor belt partially submerged in the tank, and water exits via an overflow outlet. In this example, there are two substances: solids and water. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Mass balance Such systems are common in grinding circuits, where grain is crushed then sieved to only allow fine particles out of the circuit and the larger particles are returned to the roller mill (grinder). However, recycle flows are by no means restricted to solid mechanics operations; they are used in liquid and g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Mass balance The following systems are good examples of the applications of the differential mass balance: The ideal completely mixed batch reactor is a closed system. Isothermal conditions are assumed, and mixing prevents concentration gradients as reactant concentrations decrease and product concentrations increase o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Mass balance For stoichiometric combustion, the relationships between the mass of air and the mass of each combustible element in a fuel oil are: Considering the accuracy of typical analytical procedures, an equation for the mass of air per mass of fuel at stoichiometric combustion is: where wC, wH, wS, and wO refer to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Mass balance This is an unfortunate mistake that has confused many students over the years. According to the law of mass action the forward reaction rate can be written as and the backward reaction rate as The rate at which substance A is produced is thus and since, at equilibrium, the concentration of A is constant we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Mass balance We can thus draw the conclusion that reaction rate can not be defined in a general manner using formula_8. One must first write down a mass balance before a link between formula_8 and the reaction rate can be found. Many textbooks, however, define reaction rate as without mentioning that this definition im... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Mass balance As the chemical reaction rate depends on temperature it is often necessary to make both an energy balance (often a heat balance rather than a full-fledged energy balance) as well as mass balances to fully describe the system. A different reactor model might be needed for the energy balance: A system that i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
Multiplication (alchemy) Multiplication is the process in Western alchemy used to increase the potency of the philosopher's stone, elixir or projection powder. It occurs near the end of the magnum opus in order to increase the gains in the subsequent projection. George Ripley gives the following definition of multiplic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428537 |
Multiplication (alchemy) " Comparisons to plant and animal reproduction were also made. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428537 |
Immunoelectrophoresis is a general name for a number of biochemical methods for separation and characterization of proteins based on electrophoresis and reaction with antibodies. All variants of immunoelectrophoresis require immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, reacting with the proteins to be separated or charac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428570 |
Immunoelectrophoresis Immunoprecipitates may be seen in the wet agarose gel, but are stained with protein stains like Coomassie Brilliant Blue in the dried gel. In contrast to SDS-gel electrophoresis, the electrophoresis in agarose allows native conditions, preserving the native structure and activities of the proteins... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428570 |
Immunoelectrophoresis In this method the proteins are first separated during the first dimension electrophoresis, then instead of the diffusion towards the antibodies, the proteins are electrophoresed into an antibody-containing gel in the second dimension. Immunoprecipitation will take place during the second dimensio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428570 |
Immunoelectrophoresis Affinity immunoelectrophoresis has been used for estimation of binding constants, as for instance with lectins or for characterization of proteins with specific features like glycan content or ligand binding. Some variants of affinity immunoelectrophoresis are similar to affinity chromatography by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428570 |
Projection (alchemy) Projection was the ultimate goal of Western alchemy. Once the Philosopher's stone or powder of projection had been created, the process of projection would be used to transmute a lesser substance into a higher form; often lead into gold. Typically, the process is described as casting a small portio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428595 |
Zebrafish AB9 cell line Zebrafish AB9 cells are a primary fibroblast cell line developed from fin tissue of the AB strain. These cells are commonly used for studies focusing on the biochemical and molecular properties of zebrafish. Cells are grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 15% fetal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2430099 |
Adamsite or DM is an organic compound; technically, an arsenical diphenylaminechlorarsine, that can be used as a riot control agent. DM belongs to the group of chemical warfare agents known as vomiting agents or sneeze gases. First synthesized in Germany by Heinrich Otto Wieland in 1915, it was independently developed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2430721 |
Adamsite Early battlefield use was intended to be via "candles". These were large metal cans or tubes (weighing approximately 5 pounds) which contained a smoke composition made of plus a slow burning pyrotechnic composition. A series of candles were lit and the Adamsite-laden smoke allowed to drift towards the enemy. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2430721 |
CB military symbol Chemical, biological (CB) — and sometimes radiological — warfare agents were assigned what is termed a military symbol by the U.S. military until the American chemical and biological weapons programs were terminated (in 1990 and 1969, respectively). Military symbols applied to the CB agent fill, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2431749 |
CB military symbol Today mustard gas is indicated by the single capital letter H, but HD is still in common use. Military symbols can also reflect the name of where a chemical agent is manufactured. For example, chloropicrin has the symbol PS, which was derived from the British town in which it was manufactured during ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2431749 |
CB military symbol , HD mixed with L is HL). Furthermore, one strain of the biological agent Tularemia has the symbol SR (lethal Schu strain), while another strain has JT (incapacitant 452 strain). Military symbols for agents change from time to time for administrative reasons as well. To preserve secrecy, tularemia's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2431749 |
Foaming agent A foaming agent is a material that facilitates the formation of foam such as a surfactant or a blowing agent. A surfactant, when present in small amounts, reduces surface tension of a liquid (reduces the work needed to create the foam) or increases its colloidal stability by inhibiting coalescence of bubb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2431881 |
Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is a method of introducing analytes into the mass spectrometer's vacuum chamber via a semipermeable membrane. Usually a thin, gas-permeable, hydrophobic membrane is used, for example polydimethylsiloxane. Samples can be almost any fluid including water, air or sometimes ev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2432047 |
Octahedral cluster Octahedral clusters are inorganic or organometallic cluster compounds composed of six metals in an octahedral array. Many types of compounds are known, but all are synthetic. These compounds are bound together by metal-metal bonding as well as two kinds of ligands. Ligands that span the faces or edge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2432530 |
Octahedral cluster A well-studied class of solid-state compounds related to the chalcohalides are molybdenum clusters of the type AMoX with X sulfur or selenium and A an interstitial atom such as Pb. These materials, called Chevrel phases or Chevrel clusters, have been actively studied because they are type II supercon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2432530 |
Octahedral cluster Recently, it was demonstrated that anionic tin(II) clusters [SnO] may form the close packed arrays as in the case of α-SnSiO, which adopts the zinc blende structure, comprising a face-centred-cubic array of [SnO] clusters with Si occupying half of the tetrahedral holes. A polymorph, β-SnSiO, has been... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2432530 |
Ghemical is a computational chemistry software package written in C++ and released under the GNU General Public License. The program has graphical user interface based on GTK+2 and supports quantum mechanical and molecular mechanic models, with geometry optimization, molecular dynamics, and a large set of visualization... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2435902 |
CASTEP is a shared-source academic and commercial software package which uses density functional theory with a plane wave basis set to calculate the electronic properties of crystalline solids, surfaces, molecules, liquids and amorphous materials from first principles. permits geometry optimisation and finite temperatu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2437021 |
CASTEP The code was then redesigned and completely rewritten from 1999-2001 to make use of the features of modern Fortran, enable parallelism throughout the code and improve its software sustainability. By this point annual sales exceeded £1m. Despite its commercialisation, and its source code are free to academics. Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2437021 |
CASTEP is capable of optimising the atomic geometry of a system in several different ways. The default is BFGS, whereby an approximation to the Hessian matrix is built up over successive electronic minimisation steps and used to find a search direction at each. Damped molecular dynamics is also possible and often quick... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2437021 |
Matrix isolation is an experimental technique used in chemistry and physics. It generally involves a material being trapped within an unreactive matrix. A "host" matrix is a continuous solid phase in which "guest" particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) are embedded. The guest is said to be "isolated" within the "host... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2438415 |
Matrix isolation Mono-atomic gases have relatively simple face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, which can make interpretations of the site occupancy and crystal-field splitting of the guest easier. In some cases a reactive material, for example, methane, hydrogen or ammonia, may be used as the host material so t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2438415 |
Matrix isolation The low temperatures also help to produce simpler spectra, since only the lower electronic and vibrational quantum states are populated. Especially infrared spectroscopy, which is used to investigate molecular vibration, benefits from the matrix isolation technique. For example, in the gas-phase IR spe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2438415 |
Matrix isolation Laser vaporization in matrix isolation spectroscopy was first brought about in 1969 by Schaeffer and Pearson using a YAG laser to vaporize carbon which reacted with hydrogen to produce acetylene. They also showed that laser-vaporized boron would react with HCl to create BCl. In the 1970s, Koerner von G... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2438415 |
Grease (lubricant) Grease is a semisolid lubricant. Grease generally consists of a soap emulsified with mineral or vegetable oil. The characteristic feature of greases is that they possess a high initial viscosity, which upon the application of shear, drops to give the effect of an oil-lubricated bearing of approximate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2439173 |
Grease (lubricant) This sudden drop in shear force means that grease is considered a plastic fluid, and the reduction of shear force with time makes it thixotropic. It is often applied using a grease gun, which applies the grease to the part being lubricated under pressure, forcing the solid grease into the spaces in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2439173 |
Grease (lubricant) The amount of grease in a sample can be determined in a laboratory by extraction with a solvent followed by e.g. gravimetric determination. Gear greases consist of rosin oil, condensed with lime and stirred with mineral oil, with some percentage of water. Special-purpose greases contain glycerol and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2439173 |
Grease (lubricant) In the middle of the 19th century, soaps were intentionally added as thickeners to oils. Over the centuries, all manner of materials have been employed as greases. For example, black slugs "Arion ater" were used as axle-grease to lubricate wooden axle-trees or carts in Sweden. Jointly developed by AS... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2439173 |
Grease (lubricant) It assigns a single multi-part code to each grease based on its operational properties (including temperature range, effects of water, load, etc.) and its NLGI consistency number. Silicone grease is an amorphous fumed-silica thickened, polysiloxane-based compound, which can be used to provide lubrica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2439173 |
Grease (lubricant) They are relatively inert and generally do not affect reactions, though reaction mixtures often get contaminated (detected through NMR near δ 0). Silicone-based greases are not easily removed with solvent, but they are removed efficiently by soaking in a base bath. Fluoroether-based greases are inert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2439173 |
Grease (lubricant) CMC serves to both thicken the solution and add a lubricating effect, and often silicone-based lubricants are added for additional lubrication. The most familiar example of this type of lubricant, used as a surgical and personal lubricant, is K-Y Jelly. Cork grease is a lubricant used to lubricate co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2439173 |
Molecular electronic transition Molecular electronic transitions take place when electrons in a molecule are excited from one energy level to a higher energy level. The energy change associated with this transition provides information on the structure of a molecule and determines many molecular properties such as colo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2440853 |
Molecular electronic transition The following bands are defined: the R-band from the German "radikalartig" or radical-like, the K-band from the German "Konjugierte" or conjugated, B-band from benzoic and the E-band from ethylenic (system devised by A. Burawoy in 1930). For example, the absorption spectrum for ethane sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2440853 |
Drospirenone is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy and in menopausal hormone therapy, among other uses. It available both alone under the brand name Slynd and in combination with an estrogen under the brand name Yasmin among others. The medication is taken by mouth. Common ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone (DRSP) is used by itself as a progestogen-only birth control pill, in combination with the estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE), with or without supplemental folic acid (vitamin B), as a combined birth control pill, and in combination with the estrogen estradiol (E2) for use in menopausal hormone therapy. A birt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone Due to its antimineralocorticoid activity, drospirenone opposes estrogen-induced salt and water retention and maintains or slightly reduces body weight. is available in the following formulations, brand names, and indications: Contraindications of drospirenone include renal impairment or chronic kidney dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone In women with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, or in combination with chronic daily use of other potassium-sparing medications (ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, potassium-sparing diuretics, heparin, antimineralocorticoids, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), a potassium le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone In contrast to ethinylestradiol-containing birth control pills, neither progestogen-only birth control nor the combination of transdermal estradiol and an oral progestin in menopausal hormone therapy is associated with an increased risk of VTE. Different progestins in ethinylestradiol-containing birth cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone Androgenic progestins have been found to antagonize to some degree the effects of ethinylestradiol on coagulation. As a result, more androgenic progestins, like levonorgestrel and norethisterone, may oppose the procoagulatory effects of ethinylestradiol and result in a lower increase in risk of VTE. Conver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone Conversely, combined birth control and menopausal hormone therapy with an estrogen and a progestogen are associated with higher risks of breast cancer. These have been no reports of serious adverse effects with overdose of drospirenone. Symptoms that may occur in the event of an overdose may include nausea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone binds with high affinity to the progesterone receptor (PR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), with lower affinity to the androgen receptor (AR), and with very low affinity to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). It is an agonist of the PR and an antagonist of the MR and AR, and hence is a progestogen, antim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone Due to its antigonadotropic effects, drospirenone inhibits the secretion of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and suppresses gonadal sex hormone production, including of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone. alone at 4 mg/day has been found to suppress... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone For comparison to progesterone, a 200 mg dose of oral progesterone is considered to be approximately equivalent in antimineralocorticoid effect to a 25 to 50 mg dose of spironolactone. Both drospirenone and progesterone are actually weak partial agonists of the MR in the absence of mineralocorticoids. Due ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone It has about 1 to 65% of the affinity of the synthetic anabolic steroid metribolone for the AR. The medication is more potent as an antiandrogen than spironolactone, but is less potent than cyproterone acetate, with about 30% of its antiandrogenic activity in animals. Progesterone displays antiandrogenic a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone stimulates the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells "in vitro", an action that is independent of the classical PRs and is instead mediated via the progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1). Certain other progestins act similarly in this assay, whereas progesterone acts neutrally. It is uncl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone It is bound to albumin and 3 to 5% circulates freely or unbound. has no affinity for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and hence is not bound by these plasma proteins in the circulation. The metabolism of drospirenone is extensive. It is metabolized into the acid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone Drospirenone, also known as 1,2-dihydrospirorenone or as 17β-hydroxy-6β,7β:15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone, is a synthetic steroidal 17α-spirolactone, or more simply a spirolactone. It is an analogue of other spirolactones like spironolactone, canrenone, and spiroren... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone was introduced for use as a progestogen-only birth control pill in 2019. "Drospirenone" is the generic name of the drug and its , , , and , while "drospirénone" is its . Its name is a shortened form of the name "1,2-dihydrospirorenone" or "dihydrospirenone". is also known by its developmental code names "S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
Drospirenone 6 million, for an average of US$212,000 per case, while setting aside US$610.5 million to settle the others. As of July 17, 2015, there have been at least 4,000 lawsuits and claims still pending regarding VTE related to drospirenone. This is in addition to around 10,000 claims that Bayer has already settle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444141 |
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