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Heterogeneous water oxidation 23 V; ΔG = 475 kJ/mol Water splitting can be done at higher pH values as well however the standard potentials will vary according to the Nernst equation and therefore shift by -59 mV for each pH unit increase. However, the total cell potential (difference between oxidation and reduction ha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31011269
Heterogeneous water oxidation In an alkaline solution a reversible binding of hydroxide ion coupled to a one electron oxidation is thought to precede a turnover-limiting electrochemical step involving the removal of one proton and one electron to form a surface oxide species. The shift in mechanism between the pH extre...
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Heterogeneous water oxidation The Tafel slope, which is related to the kinetics of the electrocatalytic reaction, was shown to be independent of the oxide layer thickness at low current densities but becomes dependent on oxide thickness at high current densities Iridium oxide (IrO) is the industry standard OER catalyst...
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Heterogeneous water oxidation Hydroxide ions instantly forms zinc hydroxide at the zinc electrode, releasing two electrons at the site of oxidation, the anode. The electrons are collected on another silver electrode at the site of reduction, the cathode, which converts hydronium ions into hydrogen gas and water. There ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31011269
PhysChemComm was a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was published by the Royal Society of Chemistry between 1998 and 2003. It covered all aspects of physical chemistry and chemical physics, and their interfaces with condensed matter, physics and biological, materials and surface science. The journal was abstracted...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31017746
MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase (MAP4K) is a family of proteins involved in cellular signal transduction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31019457
C25H36O4 The molecular formula CHO may refer to:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31019592
C7H11NO4 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31019620
C10H12ClNO2 The molecular formula CHClNO (molar mass: 213.66 g/mol) may refer to:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31019655
C16H19NO4 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31019664
C28H38O7 The molecular formula CHO may refer to:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31019670
Lute (material) Lute (from Latin "Lutum", meaning mud, clay etc.) was a substance used to seal and affix apparatus employed in chemistry and alchemy, and to protect component vessels against heat damage by fire; it was also used to line furnaces. "Lutation" was thus the act of "cementing vessels with lute". In pottery,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31023913
Lute (material) For this purpose, a hole was bored in the flask and covered with "luting" material of a particular composition, which was kept soft so that excessive buildup of vapour would cause it to come away from the vessel, thus releasing the pressure safely. This process could also be performed manually by the op...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31023913
Lute (material) It could be stored in a sealed earthenware vessel, which retained moisture and kept the material pliable. An alchemical writer of the 16th century recommended a lute made up of "loam mixed to a compost with horse dung" while the French chemist Chaptal used a similar mixture of "fat earth" and horse dung...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31023913
Lute (material) Stourbridge clay mixed with water could withstand the highest heat of any lute. "Hard cement" was also commonly used to join glass vessels and fix cracks; it was composed of resin, beeswax and either brick dust or "bole earth", or red ochre or venetian red. "Soft cement", made of yellow wax, turpentine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31023913
Physics and Chemistry of Liquids is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes experimental and theoretical research articles focused on the science of the liquid state. The editors-in-chief are N. H. March and G. G. N. Angilella. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2011 impact factor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31028156
Californium compounds Few compounds of californium have been made and studied. The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solutions is the californium(III) cation. The other two oxidation states are IV (strong oxidizing agents) and II (strong reducing agents). The element forms a water-soluble chloride, nitrate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31031591
Californium compounds CfCl is then used as a feeder stock to form the yellow-orange triiodide CfI, which in turn can be reduced to the lavender-violet diiodide CfI. Californium(III) fluoride (CfF) is a yellow-green solid with a crystal symmetry that gradually changes from orthorhombic to trigonal when heated above room...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31031591
Chemically defined medium A chemically defined medium is a growth medium suitable for the in vitro cell culture of human or animal cells in which all of the chemical components are known. Standard cell culture media commonly consist of a basal medium supplemented with animal serum (such as fetal bovine serum, FBS) as a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31040311
Chemically defined medium The constituents of a chemically defined media include: a basal media (such as DMEM, F12, or RPMI 1640, containing amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts, buffers, antioxidants and energy sources), which is supplemented with recombinant albumin, chemically defined lipids, recombinant insulin a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31040311
Chemically defined medium , 2008) using the above definitions this type of media is referred to as serum-free media. Peptide-free, protein-free, chemically defined media are rarely successfully formulated except for CHO and insect cells. Animal protein-free media, containing human serum albumin, human transferrin, but ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31040311
Heck–Matsuda reaction The Heck–Matsuda (HM) reaction is an organic reaction and a type of palladium catalysed arylation of olefins that uses arenediazonium salts as an alternative to aryl halides and triflates. The use of arenediazonium salts presents some advantages over traditional aryl halide electrophiles, for exam...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31041801
Heck–Matsuda reaction These results also show the complex interactions that occur in the coordination sphere of palladium during the Heck reaction with arenediazonium salt.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31041801
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions There are many methods to investigate protein–protein interactions which are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules involving electrostatic forces and hydrophobic effects. Each of the approaches has its own strength...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31045573
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions Combining with other new techniques, this method can be used to screen protein–protein interactions and their modulators, DERB. Affinity electrophoresis as used for estimation of binding constants, as for instance in lectin affinity electrophoresis or characterization...
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Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, the diazirines are activated and bind to interacting proteins that are within a few angstroms of the photo-reactive amino acid analog. Tandem affinity purification (TAP) method allows high throughput identification of protein intera...
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Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions This method detects interactions among non-tagged proteins and is available from CovalX. SPINE (Strepprotein interaction experiment) uses a combination of reversible crosslinking with formaldehyde and an incorporation of an affinity tag to detect interaction partners ...
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Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions The resulting high concentration of fluorescence or cromogenic signal in each single-molecule amplification product is easily visible as a distinct bright spot when viewed with either in a fluorescence microscope or a standard brightfield microscope. Surface plasmon r...
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Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions As well as kinetics and affinity, conformational changes during interaction can also be quantified. Static light scattering (SLS) measures changes in the Rayleigh scattering of protein complexes in solution and can characterize both weak and strong interactions withou...
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Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions As proteins associate, the average hydrodynamic radius of the solution increases. Application of the Method of Continuous Variation, otherwise known as the Job plot, with the solution hydrodynamic radius as the observable, enables "in vitro" determination of K, comple...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31045573
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions A single assay is typically completed in minutes and only requires a sample consumption of a few µl. Fluorescence polarization/anisotropy can be used to measure protein–protein or protein–ligand interactions. Typically one binding partner is labeled with a fluorescenc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31045573
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a common technique when observing the interactions of different proteins. Applied in vivo, FRET has been used to detect the location and interactions of genes and cellular structures including integrins and membrane pro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31045573
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions Whereas the concept of water activity is widely known and utilized in the applied biosciences, its complement—the protein activity which quantitates protein–protein interactions—is much less familiar to bioscientists as it is more difficult to determine in dilute solu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31045573
Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions Since at least one of these parameters is typically affected upon binding, the method can be used for the analysis of each kind of biomolecular interaction or modification. The method works equally well in standard buffers and biological liquids like blood or cell-lys...
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Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions The cells are designed in a way that an interaction activates the transcription of a reporter gene or a reporter enzyme. Most PPI methods require some computational data analysis. The methods in this section are primarily computational although they typically require ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31045573
Metallomics (journal) Metallomics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the growing research field of metallomics. The journal's scope is aimed at "elucidating the identification, distribution, dynamics, role and impact of metals and metalloids in biological systems". It is published by the Royal Socie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31049304
Chemical Diversity (ChemDiv) is a contract research organization headquartered in San Diego, California, with subsidiaries in Russia and Ukraine. It provides integrated discovery and development solutions to pharmaceutical and biotech companies for their research and development programs. ChemDiv has helped clients dev...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31052089
Autoprotolysis In autoprotolysis a proton is transferred between two identical molecules, one of which acts as a Brønsted acid, releasing a proton which is accepted by the other molecule acting as a Brønsted base. For example, water undergoes autoprotolysis in the self-ionization of water reaction. It is a type of mole...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31055769
TAPS (buffer) TAPS ([tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propanesulfonic acid) is a chemical compound commonly used to make buffer solutions. It can bind divalent cations, including Co(II) and Ni(II). TAPS is effective to make buffer solutions in the pH range 7.7–9.1, since it has a p"K" value of 8.44 (ionic strength I = 0,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31057646
TAPSO is used to make buffer solutions. It has a pK value of 7.635 (I=0, 25°C). It can be used to make buffer solutions in the pH range 7.0-8.2.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31057826
TES (buffer) TES is used to make buffer solutions. It has a pK value of 7.550 (I=0, 25°C). It is one of the Good's buffers and can be used to make buffer solutions in the pH range 6.8–8.2. It is one of the components of Test yolk buffer medium used for refrigeration and transport of semen.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31057908
Hollywood (database) Hollywood is a RNA splicing database containing data for the splicing of orthologous genes in different species.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31058611
Intronerator The is a database of alternatively spliced genes and a database of introns for Caenorhabditis elegans. A working copy of the no longer exists as of 2003. Equivalent functions can be performed with the U.C. Santa Cruz genome browser:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31058693
ProSAS is a database describing the effects of splicing on the structure of a protein
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31058755
Amino acid response (AAR) is the mechanism triggered in mammalian cells by amino acid starvation. The amino acid response pathway is triggered by shortage of any essential amino acid, and results in an increase in activating transcription factor ATF4, which in turn affects many processes by sundry pathways to limit or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31061495
List of UN numbers 3401 to 3500 The UN numbers from UN3401 to UN3500 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31073251
Bis(pyridine)iodonium(I) tetrafluoroborate or Barluenga's reagent named after José Barluenga, is a mild iodinating reagent. Commercially available, it may be prepared by reacting iodine with pyridine in the presence of silver tetrafluoroborate supported on silica gel.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31077046
Peak calling is a computational method used to identify areas in a genome that have been enriched with aligned reads as a consequence of performing a ChIP-sequencing or MeDIP-seq experiment. These areas are those where a protein interacts with DNA. When the protein is a transcription factor, the enriched area is its tr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31084685
Peak calling One stage differential peak callers work in two phases: first, call peaks on individual ChIP-seq signals and second, combine individual signals and apply statistical tests to estimate differential peaks. DBChIP and MAnorm are examples for one stage differential peak callers. Two stage differential peak cal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31084685
Ammonium oxalate Ammonium oxalate, CHNO – more commonly written as (NH)CO – is an oxalate salt with ammonium (sometimes as a monohydrate). It is a colorless (white) salt under standard conditions and is odorless and non-volatile. It is the ammonium salt of oxalic acid, and occurs in many plants and vegetables. It is pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31084710
Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers The (IIChE) is the professional body for chemical engineers in India. The headquarter of IIChE is in the campus of Jadavpur University, Kolkata. The organization has 36 regional centers spread throughout India. The institution's membership comprises academics, professionals from t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31091347
Neopolarogram The term neopolarogram refers to mathematical derivatives of polarograms or cyclic voltammograms that in effect deconvolute diffusion and electrochemical kinetics. This is achieved by analog or digital implementations of fractional calculus. The implementation of fractional derivative calculations by mean...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31095820
Neopolarogram 5th order semiderivative hitting the abszissa at this potential. Moreover the semiderivative scales linearly with the scanrate, while the current scales linearly with the square root of the scanrate (Randles–Sevcik equation). Plotting the semiderivatives produced at different scanrates gives a family of c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31095820
Paper chemicals designate a group of chemicals that are used for paper manufacturing, or modify the properties of paper. These chemicals can be used to alter the paper in many ways, including changing its color and brightness, or by increasing its strength and resistance to water. Chemical pulping involves dissolving l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31099464
Paper chemicals When the paper industry started using chalk instead of china clay as filler, the paper chemistry had to switch to a neutral process. Today, mainly AKD (alkyl ketene dimer) and ASA (alkenyl succinic anhydride) are used. Wet-strength additives ensure that paper retains its strength when it gets wet. This ...
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Paper chemicals Typical chemicals used include cationic starch and polyacrylamide (PAM) derivatives. These substances work by binding fibers, often under the aid of aluminum ions in paper sheet. Binders promote the binding of pigment particles between themselves and the coating layer of the paper. Binders are spherical...
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Paper chemicals China clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and talc are common mineral fillers used in paper production. A Retention agent is added to bind fillers to the paper. Fillers, such as calcium carbonate, usually have a weak surface charge. The retention agent is a polymer with high cationic, positively ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31099464
Metal aquo complex Metal aquo complexes are coordination compounds containing metal ions with only water as a ligand. These complexes are the predominant species in aqueous solutions of many metal salts, such as metal nitrates, sulfates, and perchlorates. They have the general stoichiometry [M(HO)]. Their behavior unde...
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Metal aquo complex For example, [Ti(HO)] is unknown: the hydrolyzed species [Ti(OH)(HO)]is the principal species in dilute solutions. With the higher oxidation states the effective electrical charge on the cation is further reduced by the formation of oxo-complexes. For example vanadium(V) forms vanadyl complexes. The ...
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Metal aquo complex This reaction usually applies to the interconversion of di- and trivalent metal ions, which involves the exchange of only one electron. The process is called self-exchange, meaning that the ion "appears" to exchange electrons with itself. The standard electrode potential for the equilibrium shows the...
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Metal aquo complex 7) is more acidic than [Rh(HO)] (pK =4), despite the fact that Rh(III) is expected to be more electronegative. This effect is related to the stabilization of the pi-donor hydroxide ligand by the (t) Ru(III) centre. In more concentrated solutions, some metal hydroxo complexes undergo condensation reac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31099574
SpliceInfo is a database for the four major alternative-splicing modes (exon skipping, 5'-alternative splicing, 3'-alternative splicing and intron retention ) in the human genome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31100841
U12 intron database U12 Intron Database (U12DB) is a biological database of containing the sequence of eukaryotic introns that are spliced out by a specialised minor spliceosome that contains U12 minor spliceosomal RNA in place of U2 spliceosomal RNA. These U12-dependent introns are under-represented in genome annotati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31102847
Antimony sulfate Antimony sulfate, Sb(SO), is a hygroscopic material formed by reacting antimony or its compounds with hot sulfuric acid. It is used in doping of semiconductors and in the production of explosives and fireworks. Solid antimony sulfate contains infinite ladders of SO tetrahedra and SbO pyramids sharing c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31105635
Solvophobic theory attempts to explain interactions between polar solvents and non-polar solutes. In the pure solvent, there are relatively strong cohesive forces between the solvent molecules due to hydrogen bonding or other polar interactions. Hence, non-polar solutes tend not to be soluble in polar solvents because ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31109011
Mammalian promoter database The Mammalian Promoter Database (MPromDb) is a curated database of gene promoters identified from ChIP-seq The proximal promoter region (upstream of the core-promoter region) contains the cis-regulatory elements of most of the transcription factors (TFs). Recently, a better approach to annot...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31113866
RegulonDB is a database of the regulatory network of gene expression in "Escherichia coli" K-12. also models the organization of the genes in transcription units, operons and regulons. A total of 120 sRNAs with 231 total interactions which all together regulate 192 genes are also included. was founded in 1998 and also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31113949
RegulonDB If only TFs with a good-quality PWM are taken into account, the total number of predicted TF → gene interactions is 8,714, recovering 672 (57%) of annotated interactions for this TF subset. Semi-automatic curation produced a total of 3,195 regulatory interactions for 199 TFs. Check the glossary for all defini...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31113949
RegulonDB An operon with several promoters located near each other may also have dual binding sites, indicating that such a site can activate one particular promoter, but repress a second one. In the same page, the collection of the different TUs is displayed below the operon. The graphic display of an operon contains ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31113949
Nowotny phase In inorganic chemistry, a Nowotny chimney ladder phase (NCL phase) is a particular intermetallic crystal structure found with certain binary compounds. NLC phases are generally tetragonal and are composed of two separate sublattices. The first is a tetragonal array of transition metal atoms, generally fro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31115267
Nowotny phase The occurrence of a LCP phase can be predicted by the so-called 14 electron rule. In it the total number of valence electrons per transition metal atom is 14.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31115267
EOn eOn was a distributed computing project for the BOINC client, which uses theoretical chemistry techniques to solve problems in condensed matter physics and materials science. It was a project of the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences at the University of Texas. Traditional molecular dynamics can a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31117841
Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry The (JSBBA) is a scientific society dedicated to bioscience, biotechnology and agrochemistry, founded in 1924 as the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan. The society took its current name in 1989. In 1957, it was officially recognized as a society by the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31120748
C13H12O8 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 296.23 g/mol, exact mass: 296.053217 u) may refer to:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31122751
TcoF-DB The Dragon Database for Human Transcription Co-Factors and Transcription Factor Interacting Proteins (TcoF-DB) is a database that facilitates the exploration of proteins involved in the regulation of transcription in humans by binding to regulatory DNA regions (transcription factors) and proteins involved in th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31126328
Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAcα1) is a disaccharide. It is usually present on cell surfaces in a cryptic form covered by N-Acetylneuraminic acid moieties, and is released into circulation in many different cancers. The (Gal-GalNAc) represents a tumor-associated molecule, which is assumed to be one of the f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31131659
Octaazacubane is a hypothetical explosive allotrope of nitrogen with formula N, whose molecules have eight atoms arranged into a cube. (By comparison, nitrogen usually occurs as the diatomic molecule N.) It can be regarded as a cubane-type cluster, where all eight corners are nitrogen atoms bonded along the edges. It i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31136418
PMK gas mask The represents a family of gas masks used by the Soviet Armed Forces, and later by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It can be distinguished from its civilian counterpart, the GP-7, by its rounded triangular lenses, versus the GP-7's circular lenses. The original PMK mounted the filter on only th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31136807
Dufour effect The is the energy flux due to a mass concentration gradient occurring as a coupled effect of irreversible processes. It is the reciprocal phenomenon to the Soret effect. The concentration gradient results in a temperature change. For binary liquid mixtures, the is usually considered negligible, whereas in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31149664
Active zone The active zone or synaptic active zone is a term first used by Couteaux and Pecot-Dechavassinein in 1970 to define the site of neurotransmitter release. Two neurons make near contact through structures called synapses allowing them to communicate with each other. As shown in the adjacent diagram, a synapse...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Active zone The function of the active zone is to ensure that neurotransmitters can be reliably released in a specific location of a neuron and only released when the neuron fires an action potential. As an action potential propagates down an axon it reaches the axon terminal called the presynaptic bouton. In the presy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Active zone The active zones examined so far have at least two features in common, they all have protein dense material that project from the membrane and tethers synaptic vesicles close to the membrane and they have long filamentous projections originating at the membrane and terminating at vesicles slightly farther f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Active zone Recent data shows that the glutamatergic active zone does contain the dense protein material projections but these projections were not in a regular array and contained long filaments projecting about 80 nm into the cytoplasm. There are at least five major scaffold proteins that are enriched in the active z...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Active zone Although the details of this mechanism are still being studied there is a consensus on some details of the process. Synaptic vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane is known to require a local increase of calcium from as few as a single, closely associated calcium channels and the formation of highly s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Active zone The pore increases in size until the entire vesicle membrane is indistinguishable from the presynaptic membrane. The presynaptic bouton has an efficiently orchestrated process to fuse vesicles to the presynaptic membrane to release neurotransmitters and regenerate neurotransmitter vesicles. This process cal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Active zone To help prevent the depletion of synaptic vesicles the increase in calcium during intense activity can activate calcineurin which dephosphorylate proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The synapse contains at least two clusters of synaptic vesicles, the readily releasable pool and the reserve p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Active zone In the periactive zone, scaffolding proteins such as intersectin 1 recruit proteins that mediate endocytosis such as dynamin, clathrin and endophilin. In "Drosophilia" the intersectin homolog, Dap160, is located in the periactive zone of the neuromuscular junction and mutant Dap160 deplete synaptic vesicles...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Active zone Measuring neurotransmitter release this way can be problematic because the effect of the postsynaptic neuron to the same amount of released neurotransmitter can change over time. Another way is to measure vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane directly using a patch pipette. A cell membrane can be tho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31153340
Above-threshold ionization In atomic, molecular, and optical physics, above-threshold ionization (ATI), is a multi-photon effect where an atom is ionized with more than the energetically required number of photons. It was first observed in 1979. In the case of ATI the photoelectron peaks should appear at where the inte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31161478
Journal of Chemical Crystallography The is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original (primary) research and review articles on crystallography and spectroscopy. It is published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief of "Journal of Chemical Crystallography" is W.T. Pennington. Accor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31163228
Oligopeptidase An is an enzyme that cleaves peptides but not proteins. This property is due to its structure: the active site of this enzyme is located at the end of a narrow cavity which can only be reached by peptides. Proteins are essential macromolecules of living organisms. They are continuously being degraded int...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31165479
Oligopeptidase Endogenous or exogenous proteins are processed by non-lysosomal proteases into intermediate-sized polypeptides, which display gene and metabolic regulation, neurologic, endocrine, and immunological roles, whose dysfunction might explain a number of pathologies. Consequently, protein degradation did not r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31165479
Oligopeptidase Since their activities are restricted to oligopeptides (usually from 8-13 amino acid residues), and do not hydrolyze proteins or large peptides (>30 amino acid residues), they were designated oligopeptidases. In the early and mid 1980s other oligopeptidases, mostly metallopeptidases, were described in th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31165479
Oligopeptidase Even though the size of the peptide is crucial for its docking, the flexibility of both enzyme and ligand seems to play an essential role in determining whether a peptide bond will be hydrolyzed or not. This contrasts with the classical specificity of proteolytic enzymes, which derives from the chemical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31165479
Oligopeptidase Since the discovery of the neuropeptides and peptide hormones from the central nervous system (ACTH, β-MSH, endorphin, oxytocin, vasopressin, LHRH, enkephalins, substance P), and of peripheral vasoactive peptides (angiotensin, bradykinin) around the middle of last century, the number of known biologicall...
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Oligopeptidase , inactivating them, thus restraining the continuous activation of specific receptors, or protecting the newly generated bioactive peptide from further degradation, suggesting a peptide chaperon-like activity. TOP, a ubiquitous cytosolic oligopeptidase, is a remarkable example of how this enzyme could pl...
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Oligopeptidase Some examples are: a) the POP of nervous tissues has been suggested to be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders, like in post-traumatic stress, depression, mania, nervous bulimia, anorexia, and schizophrenia, as reviewed in. b) NEP has been involved in cancer; c) the TOP has been involved in tuberculosi...
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Journal of Cluster Science The is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of cluster science, including nanoclusters and nanoparticles. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and the editor-in-chief is R.D. Adams. The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the "Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31169638
Crystallography Reviews is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing review articles on all aspects of crystallography. It is published by Taylor & Francis. The editor-in-chief is John R. Helliwell (University of Manchester). The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the "Journal Citation Rep...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31170034
C-terminal telopeptide In bone physiology, the (or more formally, carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks, and known by the acronym CTX) is a telopeptide that can be used as a biomarker in the serum to measure the rate of bone turnover. It can be useful in assisting clinicians to determine a patient's nonsurgical treatmen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31170355