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Miloslav Valouch (4 August 1878 – 13 March 1952) was a prominent Czech physicist and mathematician. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4435437 |
Viktor Trkal (14 August 1888, Ostřetín, Pardubice – 3 September 1956, Prague) was a Czech physicist and mathematician who specialized in theoretical quantum physics. Trkal went to the Gymnasium in Vysoké Mýto where his teacher was Adolf Pařízek (1867-1920). From 1906 to 1910 he studied mathematics and physics in Prague... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4435530 |
Viktor Trkal In the academic year October 1919 - June 1920 Trkal studied with Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Paul Ehrenfest in Leiden, where he was Ehrenfest's assistant and met Albert Einstein. In 1921 he graduated from the University of Prague in theoretical physics. In 1922 he was appointed extraordinary and in 1929 a f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4435530 |
Vincenc Strouhal (Čeněk Strouhal) (10 April 1850 in Seč – 26 January 1922 in Prague) was a Czech physicist specializing in experimental physics. He was one of the founders of the Institute of Physics of the Czech part of Charles University. He was engaged in hydrodynamic phenomena, acoustics and electric and magnetic p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4435563 |
August Seydler August Jan Bedřich Seydler (1 June 1849 – 22 June 1891), aka August Johann Friedrich Seydler, was a distinguished Czech astronomer, theoretical physicist, and professor at Charles University in Prague. He was the founder of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech University (1886). He was born in Žamberk... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4435608 |
Vojtěch Šafařík (26 October 1829 in Újvidék, Bács-Bodrog County, Vojvodina, Hungary (today Serbia) – 2 July 1902 in Prague, Bohemia) was a Czech chemist, specialising in inorganic chemistry. Šafařík was the son of Pavel Jozef Šafárik, a Slovak philologist and historian. The crater Šafařík on the Moon is named after him... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4436055 |
Vojtěch Šafařík In 1882 he was appointed as the first professor of chemistry at Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague. In later life, he wrote many popular textbooks as well as making over 20,000 observations of variable stars. His wife and co-worker Paulína Šafaříková was interested in the history and popularisation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4436055 |
Quasi-solid Falsely-solid, or, semisolid is the physical term for something whose state lies between a solid and a liquid. While similar to solids in some respects, such as having the ability to support their own weight and hold their shapes, a quasi-solid also shares some properties of liquids, such as conforming in s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4449204 |
Coherent spectroscopy Spectroscopy is the study of light through light-matter interactions. There are three main types of interactions: Except refraction which is widely used, the coherent interactions are generally studied using lasers, so that, due to the intensity of these sources, the effects depend non-linearly on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4453831 |
Transfer cell Transfer cells are specialized parenchyma cells that have an increased surface area, due to infoldings of the plasma membrane. They facilitate the transport of sugars from a sugar source, mainly mature leaves, to a sugar sink, often developing leaves or fruits. They are found in nectaries of flowers and s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4453918 |
Ernst Cohen Ernst Julius Cohen ForMemRS (March 7, 1869 – March 6, 1944) was a Dutch Jewish chemist known for his work on the allotropy of metals. Cohen studied chemistry under Svante Arrhenius in Stockholm, Henri Moissan at Paris, and Jacobus van't Hoff at Amsterdam. In 1893 he became Van't Hoff's assistant and in 1902... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4454001 |
Dmitry Zaikin Dmitry Alekseevich Zaikin (; 29 April 1932 – 20 October 2013) was a Soviet cosmonaut trainer. Zaikin was born in Yekaterinovka, Rostov Oblast. He graduated from Military Fighter Pilot School, Armavir (Krasnodar Krai) and Frunze (now Bishkek), in 1955. He was selected for the cosmonaut training in 1960, as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4455454 |
Traverse (surveying) Traverse is a method in the field of surveying to establish control networks. It is also used in geodesy. Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point. Traverse networks have ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4472911 |
Nucleofuge A nucleofuge (derived from "nucleo", nucleus, the positive part in an atom and fuge, "fugitive", to run away, to escape) is a leaving group which retains the lone pair from its previous bond with another species. For example, in the S2 mechanism a nucleophile attacks an organic compound containing the nucleo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4473522 |
Electrofuge An electrofuge is a leaving group which does not retain the bonding pair of electrons from its previous bond with another species. It can result from the heterolytic breaking of covalent bonds. After this reaction an electrofuge may possess either a positive or a neutral charge; this is governed by the natu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4473599 |
Intracule An intracule is a quantum mechanical mathematical function for the two electron density which depends not upon the absolute values of position or momentum but rather upon their relative values. Its use is leading to new methods in physics and computational chemistry to investigate the electronic structure of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4477491 |
Canopy interception is the rainfall that is intercepted by the canopy of a tree and successively evaporates from the leaves. Precipitation that is not intercepted will fall as throughfall or stemflow on the forest floor. Many methods exist to measure canopy interception. The most often used method is by measuring rainf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4482211 |
NGC 4314 is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. Perhaps the most prominent and unusual feature is its "nuclear starbust ring" of bright young stars. These rings are thought to be due in part to Lindblad resonance. It is thought that this explosion of sta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4484966 |
Kalevi Kull (born 12 August 1952, Tartu) is a biosemiotics professor at the University of Tartu, Estonia. He graduated from the University of Tartu in 1975. His earlier work dealt with ethology and field ecology. He has studied the mechanisms of species coexistence in species-rich communities and developed mathematical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4486201 |
Akihiro Kusumi Akihiro Kusumi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4489461 |
Astellas Pharma Astellas is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFJ) keiretsu. Fujisawa Shoten was started in 1894 by Tomokichi Fujisawa in Osaka, and was renamed Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. in 1943. Yamanouchi Yakuhin Shokai was started in 1923 by Kenji Yamanouchi in Osaka. The company was renamed Yamanou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4513339 |
Astellas Pharma In December 2014, Astellas expanded its 18-month-old collaboration with Cytokinetics, focusing on the R&D and commercialization of skeletal muscle activators. The companies announced they will advance the development of CK-2127107 (a fast skeletal troponin activator) into Phase II clinical trials for th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4513339 |
Astellas Pharma In December 2019, announced it would buy Audentes Therapeutics Inc for approximately $3 billion in cash as well as acquiring Xyphos Biosciences, Inc later in the same month. Audentes will operate as a wholly-owned subsidiary within Astellas, and will serve as the Center of Excellence for the newly creat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4513339 |
Astellas Pharma In June 2017, Astellas was reprimanded for "producing a large number of promotional materials, which had been used for a number of years, that did not include the required prescribing information related to some serious or common adverse reactions, warnings, and precautions, for a total of eight drugs".... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4513339 |
Astellas Pharma Some of the key products produced by Astellas include: In 2007, the company narrowed UK distribution of Advagraf and Prograf to a sole distributor, UniChem, in reaction to pharmacist complaints about drug availability from wholesale sources. This narrow distribution was revised to three firms in 2010, c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4513339 |
Fog season The fog season is a season of fog that occurs in some places, because of special meteorological and topographical characteristics, after a rainy period. The fog season is usually based in the cooler months (late autumn, winter and early spring). An example is found in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4528895 |
Arp 299 (parts of it are also known as IC 694 and NGC 3690) is a pair of colliding galaxies approximately 134 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. Both of the galaxies involved in the collision are barred irregular galaxies. It is not completely clear which object is historically called "IC 694". A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4536556 |
Kinesis (biology) Kinesis, like a taxis or tropism, is a movement or activity of a cell or an organism in response to a stimulus (such as gas exposure, light intensity or ambient temperature). Unlike taxis, the response to the stimulus provided is non-directional. The animal does not move toward or away from the stimul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4537144 |
Kinesis (biology) If the well-being is measured by the local reproduction coefficient then the minimal reaction-diffusion model of kinesis can be written as follows: For each population in the biological community, formula_1 where: formula_2 is the population density of "i"th species, formula_3 represents the abiotic c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4537144 |
Iceberg D-16 is a city-sized iceberg near Antarctica, discovered on March 26, 2006 by the National Ice Center using satellite imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. It broke free of the Fimbul Ice Shelf, located along the northwestern section of Queen Maud Land in the eastern Weddell Sea. It is appr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4541502 |
Double salt A double salt is a salt that contains more than one cation or more than one anion. Examples of double salts include alums (with the general formula MM[SO]·12HO) and Tutton's salts (with the general formula [M]M[SO]·6HO). Other examples include potassium sodium tartrate, ammonium iron(II) sulfate (Mohr's sal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4545466 |
Flower induction is the physiological process in the plant by which the shoot apical meristem becomes competent to develop flowers. Biochemical changes at the apex, particularly those caused by cytokinins, accompany this process. Usually flower induction is followed by flower differentiation, with some notable exceptio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4549998 |
Arp 107 is a set of galaxies about 450 million light-years away in the constellation Leo Minor. The galaxies are in the process of colliding and merging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4550091 |
Clausthalite is a lead selenide mineral, PbSe. It forms a solid solution series with galena PbS. It occurs in low-sulfur hydrothermal deposits with other selenides and in mercury deposits. It is associated with tiemannite, klockmannite, berzelianite, umangite, gold, stibiopalladinite and uraninite. It was first describ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4555987 |
Cato Maximilian Guldberg (11 August 1836 – 14 January 1902) was a Norwegian mathematician and chemist. Guldberg is best known as a pioneer in physical chemistry. Guldberg was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the eldest son of Carl August Guldberg (1812–92) and Hanna Sophie Theresia Bull (1810–54). He was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4556130 |
Radian per second The radian per second (symbol: rad·s or rad/s) is the SI unit of rotational speed (angular velocity), commonly denoted by the Greek letter "ω" (omega). The radian per second is also the unit of angular frequency. The radian per second is defined as the change in the orientation of an object, in radian... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4562902 |
IC 1337 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Capricornus. It was discovered by Stéphane Javelle on July 22, 1892. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4564415 |
Olduvai Gorge Museum The is located in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Northern Tanzania on the edge of the Olduvai Gorge. The museum was founded by Mary Leakey and is now under the jurisdiction of the Tanzanian government's Department of Cultural Antiquities and is managed by the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Autho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4564483 |
Olduvai Gorge Museum The new museum was designed so that the exhibit halls form a ring around a central open area at the heart of the museum, mimicking the layout of a Maasai boma. The museum is located within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in northern Tanzania and sits along the rim of the gorge at the junction of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4564483 |
Olduvai Gorge Museum The staff consists of roughly 120 people. The museum has two curators, Godfrey Olle Moita Maasai (on site) and Donatius Kamamba (off site Tanzanian Department of Cultural Antiquities). The staff mainly consists of people from the local Maasai tribe. The staff is housed in what was once the Leakey's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4564483 |
Proceptive phase In biology and sexology, the proceptive phase is the initial period in a relationship when organisms are "courting" each other, prior to the acceptive phase when copulation occurs. Behaviors that occur during the proceptive phase depend very much on the species, but may include visual displays, movemen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4566442 |
Energy landscape An energy landscape is a mapping of possible states of a system. The concept is frequently used in physics, chemistry, and biochemistry, e.g. to describe all possible conformations of a molecular entity, or the spatial positions of interacting molecules in a system, or parameters and their correspondin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4566642 |
Energy landscape For example, a neural network may be able to perfectly fit the training set, corresponding to a global minimum of zero loss, but overfitting the model ("learning the noise" or "memorizing the training set"). Understanding when this happens can be studied using the geometry of the corresponding energy l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4566642 |
Pierre Millière was a French entomologist chiefly interested in Lepidoptera. Born 1 December 1811 in Saint-Jean-de-Losne on the Côte d'Or and died 29 May 1887 in Cannes Millière was a pharmacist and dealer who studied Lepidoptera as a hobby, though in a very professional manner. He was the author of "Iconographie et de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4567014 |
Syntex Laboratorios SA was a pharmaceutical company formed in Mexico City in 1944 by Russell Marker to manufacture therapeutic steroids from the Mexican yams called "cabeza de negro" ("Dioscorea mexicana") and "Barbasco" ("Dioscorea composita"). The demand for barbasco by initiated the Mexican barbasco trade. ACS: “In ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4571089 |
Syntex filed for a patent for the synthesis of the double-bond isomer 13 of norethindrone called noretynodrel. Noretynodrel is converted into norethisterone under acidic conditions, such as those in the human stomach, and the new patent did not infringe on the patent. Searle obtained approval to market noretynodrel bef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4571089 |
Plant collecting is the acquisition of plant specimens for the purposes of research, cultivation, or as a hobby. Plant specimens may be kept alive, but are more commonly dried and pressed to preserve the quality of the specimen. is an ancient practice with records of a Chinese botanist collecting roses over 5000 years ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4576518 |
Plant collecting Prolific plant hunters in this period included William Lobb and his brother Thomas Lobb, George Forrest, Joseph Hooker, Charles Maries and Robert Fortune. Proper pressing and mounting techniques are critical to the longevity of a collected plant sample. Properly preserved plant samples can last for hun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4576518 |
Plant collecting Plant presses are most commonly constructed with two flat smooth pieces of wood, and some type of compression mechanism. Compression may be accomplished with tightened nuts and bolts on the corners of the press, with tightened straps around the press, or by placing weights on top of the press. When pla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4576518 |
Plant collecting Samples can be strapped to the paper with linen tape, or glued onto the sheet. If glue is needed, it is recommended that Grade A methyl cellulose mixed with water be used for optimal deterioration resistance. In order for plant specimens to be kept in good condition for future reference, adequate stora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4576518 |
Plant collecting The Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History creates their barcodes from a short sequence of plant DNA, which can be easily identified from all healthy specimens of the species. This barcode is then printed and placed onto the plant mount. By creating these DNA barcodes, the process of organizing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4576518 |
Plant collecting This has led in some cases to a collector voluntarily taking part, helping scientists, in some research areas, provided he can store the "collectible". In fact, historically, many species have initially been found within a collection of a collector. Usually, a plant can be identified in nature, since t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4576518 |
Plant collecting This issue can be solved with proper research on the status of species before a plant is collected and taking the smallest sample possible. While plant collecting may seem like a very safe and harmless practice, there is a few things collectors should keep in mind to protect themselves. First collector... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4576518 |
Plant collecting Plant "discovery" means the first time that a new plant was recorded for science, often in the form of dried and pressed plants (a herbarium specimen) being sent to a botanical establishment such as Kew Gardens in London, where it would be examined, classified and named. Plant "introduction" means the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4576518 |
Dropout (astronomy) In astronomy, dropout is a radiation source whose radiation intensity falls off sharply below a specific wavelength. The source will be easily visible when its light is filtered to wavelengths longer than the cutoff value, but will "drop out" of the image when it is filtered to wavelengths shorter t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4583640 |
Biomarker (medicine) In medicine, a biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state. More generally a biomarker is anything that can be used as an indicator of a particular disease state or some other physiological state of an organism. A biomarker can be a substance that is introd... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) It is also widely known that cholesterol values are a biomarker and risk indicator for coronary and vascular disease, and that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker for inflammation. Biomarkers are useful in a number of ways, including measuring the progress of disease, evaluating the most effective... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) In contrast, drug-related biomarkers indicate whether a drug will be effective in a specific patient and how the patient’s body will process it. In addition to long-known parameters, such as those included and objectively measured in a blood count, there are numerous novel biomarkers used in the va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) These ACPAs, (ACPA stands for "A"nti-"c"itrullinated "p"rotein/peptide "a"ntibody) can be detected in the blood before the first symptoms of RA appear. They are thus highly valuable biomarkers for the early diagnosis of this autoimmune disease. In addition, they indicate if the disease threatens to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) " In the past, biomarkers were primarily physiological indicators such as blood pressure or heart rate. More recently, biomarker is becoming a synonym for molecular biomarker, such as elevated prostate specific antigen as a molecular biomarker for prostate cancer, or using enzyme assays as liver fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) By doing so, drug response rate will improve, drug toxicity will be limited and costs associated with testing various therapies and the ensuing treatment for side effects will decrease. Biomarkers also cover the use of molecular indicators of environmental exposure in epidemiologic studies such as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) This data, in conjunction with safety data, help determine doses for phase II studies. In addition, Safety molecular biomarkers have been used for decades both in preclinical and clinical research. Since these tests have become mainstream tests, they have been fully automated for both animal and hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) In order to use a biomarker for diagnostics, the sample material must be as easy to obtain as possible. This may be a blood sample taken by a doctor, a urine or saliva sample, or a drop of blood like those diabetes patients extract from their own fingertips for regular blood-sugar monitoring. For r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) Molecular biomarkers refer to non-imaging biomarkers that have biophysical properties, which allow their measurements in biological samples (e.g., plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage, biopsy) and include nucleic acids-based biomarkers such as gene mutations or polymorphisms a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) Apart from genomics and proteomics platforms biomarker assay techniques, metabolomics, lipidomics, glycomics, and secretomics are the most commonly used as techniques in identification of biomarkers. Many new biomarkers are being developed that involve imaging technology. Imaging biomarkers have ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) By tracking glucose, doctors can find sites of inflammation because macrophages there take up glucose at high levels. Tumors also take up a lot of glucose, so the imaging strategy can be used to monitor them as well. Tracking radiolabeled glucose is a promising technique because it directly measure... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
Biomarker (medicine) Commonly, peptides, antibodies, or small ligands, and small protein domains, such as HER-2 affibodies, have been applied to achieve targeting. To enhance the sensitivity of the contrast agents, these targeting moieties are usually linked to high payload MRI contrast agents or MRI contrast agents wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4584230 |
The Algebra of Infinite Justice (2001) is a collection of essays written by Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy. The book discusses several perspectives of global and local concerns, among them one being the abuse of Nuclear bomb showoffs. Published by the Penguin Books India, the book discusses several issues from field... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4590818 |
The Algebra of Infinite Justice The world doesn't have to choose between the Taliban and the US government. All the beauty of the world—literature, music, art—lies between these two fundamentalist poles. this esay examines the horrific communal violence in Gujarat, When India and Pakistan conducted their nuclear tests ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4590818 |
Mean low water spring The average of the levels of each pair of successive low waters during that period of about 24 hours in each semi-lunation (approximately every 14 days), when the range of the tide is greatest (Spring Range). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4600970 |
Parallel Ocean Program The (POP) is a three-dimensional ocean circulation model designed primarily for studying the ocean climate system. The model is developed and supported primarily by researchers at LANL. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4603713 |
Dimitar Ivanov Popov () (October 13, 1894 – October 25, 1975) was a Bulgarian organic chemist and an academician of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Prof. D. Ivanov is known by his father's name Ivanov rather than his family's name Popov. He is the namesake of the Ivanov reaction in chemistry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4605472 |
Regulating factors In population ecology, a regulating factor is something that keeps a population at equilibrium (neither increasing nor decreasing in size over time). An example of a regulating factor would be food supply. If the population increases to a certain size, there will be less food for each organism. This ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4615920 |
Iraj Malekpour (ایرج ملکپور) is an born Amol Iranian university professor of space physics. He was famous in Iran for writing and preparing the annual calendar that was officially used in Iran until 2002. He holds an adjunct faculty position at Tehran University, and works at the Tehran University's Institute of Geophy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4617900 |
José Goldemberg (born in Santo Ângelo, May 27, 1928) is a Brazilian physicist, university educator, scientific leader and research scientist. He is a leading expert on energy and environment issues. Professor earned his Ph.D. in Physical Science from the University of São Paulo where he served as rector and full profes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4623524 |
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research The (CBER) is one of six main centers for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The current Director of CBER is Dr. Karen Midthun, M.D. CBER is responsible for assuring the safety, purity, potency, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4627439 |
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Many of the products overseen by CBER are also considered drugs, and are subject to the same rules and regulations as any other drug product from the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. From these legal authorities, CBER publishes regulations which are included in the first chapte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4627439 |
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research According to numbers from the FDA, in 2001 the CBER reviewed 16 Biologics License Applications (BLAs) with a median review time of 13.8 months and a median approval time of 20.3 months. CBER's history began with a horse named Jim, a vaccine-contamination scandal that prompte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4627439 |
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research CBER took a more collaborative, public-health driven approach to working with the industry, and in the 1980s was quicker to approve products than their drugs counterparts. The growing crisis around HIV testing and treatment, and an inter-agency dispute between officials from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4627439 |
Chatter mark A chatter mark is one or, more commonly, a series of wedge shaped marks left by chipping of a bedrock surface by rock fragments carried in the base of a glacier (glacial plucking). Marks tend to be crescent-shaped and oriented at right angles to the direction of ice movement. There are three different type... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4635274 |
Charge-transfer insulators are a class of materials predicted to be conductors following conventional band theory, but which are in fact insulators due to a charge-transfer process. Unlike Mott insulators, where the insulating properties arise from electrons hopping between unit cells, the electrons in charge-transfer ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4636561 |
Terrigenous sediment In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, they are derived from "terrestrial" (as opposed to marine) environments. Consisting of sand, mud, and silt carried to sea by rivers, their composition is usually related to their source rocks; depos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4639367 |
Coromuel The wind is a weather phenomenon unique to the La Paz area of the Baja California peninsula and adjoining Gulf of California. Occurring primarily in the late spring and summer, it is a south to south-west wind that typically starts late in the afternoon or early evening and blows throughout the night into the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4640317 |
Electrochemical noise (ECN) is the generic term given to fluctuations of current and potential. When associated with corrosion, it is the result of stochastic pulses of current generated by sudden film rupture, crack propagation, discrete events involving metal dissolution and hydrogen discharge with gas bubble formati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4642577 |
Electrochemical noise The technique considers the reactions occurring at the metal–solution interface and suggests two currents flowing on each electrode as a result of the anodic and cathodic reactions. Once regarded as a source of bias and error that compromised electrochemical measurements it is now regarded as a ri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4642577 |
Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah al-Khalili Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Khalīlī (; 1320–1380) was a Mamluk-era Syrian astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use. He worked for most of his life as a religious timekeeper ("muwaqqit") at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Little else is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4647532 |
Robert Blinc (October 30, 1933 – September 26, 2011) was a prominent Slovene physicist. He completed his undergraduate studies in 1958 at the Faculty of Natural Sciences in Ljubljana and received a PhD a year later. He then started post-doc study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. When he returned to Sloveni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4648672 |
Nanochemistry is the combination of chemistry and nano science. is associated with synthesis of building blocks which are dependent on size, surface, shape and defect properties. is being used in chemical, materials and physical, science as well as engineering, biological and medical applications. and other nanoscience... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry Developing countries also use silicone to make the circuits for the fluids to attain developed world's pathogen detection abilities. Carbon has been used in different shapes and forms and it will become a better choice for electronic materials. Overall, nanochemistry is not related to the atomic structure... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry Many practical applications make use of nanolithography, including semiconductor chips in computers. There are many types of nanolithography, which include: Each nanolithography technique has varying factors of resolution, time consumption, and cost. There are three basic methods used by nanolithography. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry The advantage of this method is to create a high quality structure with lateral dimensions of 5 nm to 500 nm. In this methodology a patterned elastomer made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a mask is usually used. In order to make a PDMS stamp, the first step is to coat a thin layer of photoresist onto a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry Ideal materials employ a controlled-activation nanomaterial to carry a drug cargo into the body. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have been increasing in research popularity due to its large surface area and flexibility for various individual modifications while demonstrating high resolution performa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry The scaffold is an analog of the "in vivo" extracellular matrix "in vitro", allowing for successful artificial organ growth by providing the necessary, complex biological factors "in vitro". Additional advantages include the possibility of cell expression manipulation, adhesion, and drug delivery. For abr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry These oriented single crystals are being used in semiconductor nanowire devices such as diodes, transistors, logic circuits, lasers and sensors. Since nanowires have one dimensional structure meaning large surface to volume ratio, the diffusion resistance decreases. In addition, their efficiency in electr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry Moreover, the control of surface functionality of nano particles and predictable nanostructure of these small sized enzymes have made them to create a complex structure on their surface which in turn meet the needs of specific applications Fluorescent nanoparticles have broad applications, but their use i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry This process gives a high yield do that this method relies on covalent bonding between the amine and carboxyl functional groups on amorphous carbon and nanodiamond surfaces in the presence of EDC. Thus unlike gold nanoparticle they can withstand processing and treatment, for many device applications. Fluo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry Fluorescent nanodiamonds combine the advantages of semiconductor quantum dots (small size, high photostability, bright multicolor fluorescence) with biocompatibility, non-toxicity and rich surface chemistry, which means that they have the potential to revolutionize "in vivo" imaging application. Nanodiamo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry Monodispurse, nanometer-size clusters (also known as nanoclusters) are synthetically grown crystals whose size and structure influence their properties through the effects of quantum confinement. One method of growing these crystals is through inverse micellar cages in non aqueous solvents. Research condu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry This research includes the study of Matrix isolation laser Raman spectroscopy, naked metal clusters chemistry and photochemistry, nanoporous materials, hybrid nanomaterials, mesoscopic materials, and ultrathin inorganic nanowires. Another chemist who is also viewed as one of nanochemistry's pioneers is Ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
Nanochemistry Peidong Yang, another researcher from the University of California, Berkeley, is also notable for his contributions to the development of 1-dimensional nanostructures. Currently, the Yang group has active research projects in the areas of nanowire photonics, nanowire-based solar cells, nanowires for solar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4653948 |
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