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IPath In finance, the iPath refer to a family of exchange-traded notes (ETN) issued by Barclays. The iPath combine the investment aspects of bonds and exchange-traded funds (ETF). The first iPath securities were issued in 2006 and are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, because they are issued by banks, not by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30642072 |
Licensed production is the production under license of technology developed elsewhere. It is an especially prominent commercial practice in developing nations, which often approach licensed production as a starting point for indigenous industrial development. While licensed production provides stimulus to the productio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30644931 |
Licensed production The United States not only supplied European factories with the necessary blueprints and licenses, but also sourced American-made tooling equipment accordingly, which allowed the automobile companies to optimize their production lines. By the 1960s it was not uncommon for an entire specialized indus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30644931 |
Licensed production In some cases, the original technology supplier did not need to manufacture the product itself—it merely patented a specific design, then sold the actual production rights to multiple overseas clients. This resulted in some countries producing separate but nearly identical products under different l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30644931 |
Licensed production is defined as an overseas production arrangement, usually as a direct result of inter-state trade agreements, that permits a foreign government or entity to acquire the technical information to manufacture all or part of an equipment or component patented in the exporting country. According to the W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30644931 |
Licensed production The licenses can be terminated by the licensor, or may expire after a set date; however, the technology and knowledge, once transferred, cannot be rescinded, so even if the licensing agreement expires they remain in the licensee's possession. Two related commercial practices are foreign subcontracto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30644931 |
Licensed production When copied and reproduced without a license, certain items are sometimes recopied in a similar manner by a third party. The manufacturers responsible may also grant legitimately registered sub-licenses for their unlicensed products, profiting at the expense of the real intellectual property owner. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30644931 |
Feminist Economics (journal) Feminist Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge and the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) in the field of feminist economics. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.154, ranking it 16th out ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30645611 |
Folk economics is the intuitive economics of untrained people. It is derived from the evolutionary basis for human cognition. According to proponents of the field such as Paul Rubin, in the evolutionary environment of our forebears life was mostly static; there was almost no economic growth or innovation. Moreover, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30654128 |
Folk economics This is why human needs are met". More recently, psychologists such as Steven Pinker suggested that the persecution of middlemen professionals throughout history may be partly explained by the fact that the human mind evolved in an ancestral environment in which the production and trade of goods was not ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30654128 |
ECONned ECONned: How Unenlightened Self Interest Undermined Democracy and Corrupted Capitalism is a 2010 non-fiction book by Yves Smith, author of the Naked Capitalism blog. The book describes how the deregulation of the financial industry and the systemic incentives for managers to "loot" limited liability companies l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30665396 |
Hezekiah Ademola Oluwafemi Hezekiah Adedunmola Oluwasanmi was the Vice Chancellor of Obafemi Awolowo University from 1966 to 1975.<br> Born on 12 November 1919, educated at Morehouse and Harvard, Oluwasanmi was Professor of Agricultural Economics at the University of Ibadan prior to his appointment at Obafemi Awolowo U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30668761 |
Hezekiah Ademola Oluwafemi This led to the departures of some notable professors such as Sam Aluko and Wole Soyinka. In 1966, after a military coup led to a change in government, Adekunle Fajuyi, the new military governor appointed Oluwasanmi to replace Oladele Ajose. Oluwasanmi's administration brought back the master... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30668761 |
Jane Humphries Katherine Jane Humphries, CBE FBA (born 9 November 1948), is a Fellow of All Souls College, University of Oxford with the Title of Distinction of professor of economic history. Her research interest has been in economic growth and development and the industrial revolution. She is the former president of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30689237 |
Jane Humphries Humphries has sat on the editorial boards of a number of peer-reviewed journals. She is currently on the editorial boards of "Gender, Work and Organization", and "Feminist Economics". On 29 January 2016 Humphries received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Uppsala Universit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30689237 |
No free lunch with vanishing risk (NFLVR) is a no-arbitrage argument. We have "free lunch with vanishing risk" if by utilizing a sequence of time self-financing portfolios which converge to an arbitrage strategy, we can approximate a self-financing portfolio (called the "free lunch with vanishing risk"). For a semimart... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30759480 |
Royal Warrant of Appointment (Spain) Royal warrants of appointment () have been issued for centuries to those who supplied goods or services to the King of Spain. The warrant enables the company to advertise the royal approval of distinction with the display of the royal coat of arms, thus lending prestige to the compa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30766327 |
Royal Warrant of Appointment (Spain) Inside those shops, some of them still decorated with prominent mahogany counters and gleaming showcases, a coveted parchment 60cm long and 40cm wide, written always in exquisite calligraphy and hung from the main wall; in it, the Head of the Royal Household testified that the owner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30766327 |
Indian Economic and Social History Review The is an academic journal of Indian economic history. It is published by Sage Publications. The founding editor-in-chief was Tapan Raychaudhuri, who was succeeded by Dharma Kumar. The current editors-in-chief are Sunil Kumar and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. The journal is a member of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30775948 |
Manufacturing Consent (Burawoy book) Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism is a scholarly book written by the British Marxist sociologist Michael Burawoy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30776166 |
Technological theory of social production In the technological theory of social production, the growth of output, measured in money units, is related to achievements in technological consumption of labour and energy. This theory is based on concepts of classical political economy and neo-classical economics and appears... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production To incorporate into the theory technological progress, which is believed is ultimately the source of economic growth in developed countries in recent centuries, it was suggested to modify concepts of arguments in the production function and consider them to be not capital and e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production The only thing which is done is a separation of the two roles of capital: we consider capital stock formula_2 to be the means of attracting labour formula_1 and capital service formula_21, to the production. It was shown also that capital service formula_21, as one of the three... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production Equations (1) introduce the quality of investment that is technological characteristics of production equipment: coefficients of labour and energy requirement, which can be manipulated both in the dimensional, formula_27 and formula_28, and dimensionless (with a bar on the top)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production The productivity of the capital stock formula_43 and the index formula_44 in equation (2) are parameters of the production system itself, and their derivatives are related to each other and to the characteristics of production system as In the multi-sector approach (input-outpu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production The first line in (5) is valid in the case of lack of investment, abundance of labour, energy and raw materials. The second line is valid in the case of lack of labour, abundance of investment, energy and raw materials. The last line of equations is valid in the case of lack of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production It is determined by fundamental results of science, by research, by project works, and by materialisation of all human imagination about how to use energy instead of labour for production. The availability of production factors ought to be endogenous in a problem of evolution o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production If formula_52, variations in technology do not occur, labor productivity is constant, and all increment of output is connected only with an increase in human's efforts. Human efforts are, certainly, the main motive power, but, under condition of formula_53 the workers' efforts ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production In such, relatively calm periods of development, the rates of growth of production factors can be considered to be constant, which gives, according to equation (1), exponential growth of production factors To obtain an expression for output, one refers to relations (2) and (8),... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Technological theory of social production One can formally separate the growth rate of capital formula_58 in the growth rate of output to get the expression for conventional Solow residual (total factor productivity) in neoclassical theory of economic growth as | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30777784 |
Intensity of preference Intensity of preference, also known as intensity preference, is a term popularized by the work of the economist Kenneth Arrow, who was a co-recipient of the 1972 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. This term is used in reference to models for aggregating ordinal rankings. This term is used in eco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30783979 |
EFETF (Exchange for ETF) An Exchange For ETF (EFETF) transaction is one in which ETF units are exchanged for futures contracts which have the same underlying index; this is usually any of the broad based equity indices in North America, Europe, and Asia for which there is a liquid future available. Typical indices are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30805810 |
FTSE4Good Index The is a series of ethical investment stock market indices launched in 2001 by the FTSE Group. A number of stock market indices are available, for example covering UK shares, US shares, European markets and Japan, with inclusion based on a range of corporate social responsibility criteria. Research for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30808612 |
Paul Beaudry (born 1960) is Professor and Canada Research Chair in the UBC Department of Economics at the University of British Columbia. His main fields of research are macroeconomics, the economics of technical change and labour economics. He is also a Fellow of the Bank of Canada. Beaudry has extensive experience in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30809442 |
Tax strategy (UK) A tax strategy is a document required to be published annually by businesses which operate in the United Kingdom with a turnover above £200m or a balance sheet above £2 billion. This requirement is set out in Section 161 of the Finance Act 2016. A group of companies may produce a "group tax strategy".... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30839411 |
Vent for surplus is a theory that was formulated by Adam Smith and later revised by Hla Myint on his thesis of South East Asia. The theory states that when a country produces more than it can consume it produces a surplus. This underutilization causes an inward movement on the production possibilities frontier. Trade w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30848583 |
Journal of Comparative Economics The is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the Association for Comparative Economic Studies. It was established in 1977 and the editors-in-chief are D.M. Berkowitz (University of Pittsburgh) and G. Roland (University of California at Berkeley). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30852941 |
Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui (November 21, 1798 – January 28, 1854) was a French economist. His most important contributions were made in labour economics, economic history and especially the history of economic thought, in which field his 1837 treatise has been the first major work. He was a disciple of Jean-Baptiste Say to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30863391 |
Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui Blanqui's major work is "Histoire de l'économie politique en Europe depuis les anciens jusqu'à nos jours" (1837), translated in English in 1880 as "History of Political Economy in Europe". His other publications include "Résumé de l'histoire du commerce et de l'industrie" (1826), "Précis élémenta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30863391 |
Labor demand In economics, the labor demand of an employer is the number of labor-hours that the employer is willing to hire based on the various exogenous (externally determined) variables it is faced with, such as the wage rate, the unit cost of capital, the market-determined selling price of its output, etc. The fun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30869081 |
Labor demand The resulting labor demand, capital demand, and output supply functions are of the general form and Ordinarily labor demand will be an increasing function of the product's selling price "p" (since a higher "p" makes it worthwhile to produce more output and to hire additional units of input in order to do s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30869081 |
Labor demand Here labor demand, capital demand, and the selling price are the choice variables, giving rise to the input demand functions and the pricing function There is no output supply function for a monopolist, because a supply function pre-supposes the existence of an exogenous price. The short-run labor demand f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30869081 |
Daniel Guérin (; 19 May 1904, in Paris – 14 April 1988, in Suresnes) was a French anarcho-communist author, best known for his work "", as well as his collection "" in which he collected writings on the idea and movement it inspired, from the first writings of Max Stirner in the mid-19th century through the first half ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30871669 |
Daniel Guérin I expected it, of course, and I knew that in publishing my book I was running the risk of being attacked by those to whom I feel closest on a political level." After coming out in 1965, Guérin was abandoned by the Left, and his papers on sexual liberation were censored or refused publication in left-wing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30871669 |
Management buy-in A management buy-in (MBI) occurs when a manager or a management team from "outside" the company raises the necessary finance, buys it, and becomes the company's new management. A management buy-in team often competes with other purchasers in the search for a suitable business. Usually, the team will b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30874259 |
Unburned hydrocarbon Unburnt hydrocarbons (UHCs) are the hydrocarbons emitted after petroleum is burned in an engine. When unburnt fuel is emitted from a combustor, the emission is caused by fuel "avoiding" the flame zones. For example, in piston engines, some of the fuel-air mixture "hides" from the flame in the crevi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30876715 |
Departure tax A departure tax is a fee charged (under various names) by a country when a person is leaving the country. Some countries charge a departure tax only when a person is leaving by air. Various rules apply to the payment of the tax, including payment at the airport to those about to catch a flight (sometimes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30894337 |
Teoría de Precios: Porqué está mal la Economía (Price Theory: Economics is Mistaken) is an economic essay written in textbook format by Mexican author Jorge Del Villar. Jorge del Villar is a Mexican writer, economist, journalist and artist. "El Heraldo", "El Sol de México" and "Momento" newspapers covered on July 6 and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30919611 |
Teoría de Precios: Porqué está mal la Economía He also managed a five hundred cattle limited liability rural production company. The author is the son of Samuel I. Del Villar, a graduate of Harvard Law School and founder of the Mexican left wing party PRD and great-grandson of Manuel Gamio, considered father of Anthrop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30919611 |
Teoría de Precios: Porqué está mal la Economía According to its former president, Magistrate José Alejandro Luna Ramos, the purpose of the program was to promote a democratic culture, while for Enriqueta Cabrera y Cuarón, former director of Canal Once, this program was fundamental towards creating a sense of citizenshi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30919611 |
Teoría de Precios: Porqué está mal la Economía According to Del Villar, while all the components of the market have changed, including economic goods, producers and consumers, the basic theoretical principles have remained the same since 1776 when Adam Smith published An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30919611 |
Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation Research Centre The (CLARRC) was a multi-disciplinary centre of excellence based in the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, from 1998 until 2010. CLARRC was a focus for collaboration between different institutions and aimed to encourage engagement between industry and Scottis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30951107 |
Associative economics is a term used variously by different people around the world. For some of these the work of Austrian philosopher and social thinker Rudolf Steiner is a reference. Steiner gave a course of lectures in 1922 in which he set out his view that with the advent of global economy, the science of economic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30972042 |
Associative economics Some of the themes central to/addressed by associative economics include the following: how the three functions of money become three qualities; why the ‘factors of production’ are better described as ‘factors of price formation’; true pricing (in lieu of the efficient market hypothesis); the conc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30972042 |
Associative economics Though within the context of a legislative and regulatory framework, the economy is best conducted not by the State but by those who are responsible for economic activities, potentially everyone!, working in association with one another rather than unto themselves. It has also been described as an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30972042 |
Associative economics Freedom and pluralism in the spiritual-cultural realm, including in education; uncoerced cooperation in the economic realm – where through the division of labor individuals come together to meet one another’s needs; and democracy and equality in the political rights realm – where everyone comes to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30972042 |
Associative economics But it is also an economic untruth, an impossibility which we allow to persist: "[People] actually speak as though a kind of sale and purchase took place between the wage-earner who sells his labour and the man who buys it from him. But this sale and purchase is fictitious. It does not in reality ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30972042 |
Associative economics Some interpret this to mean they are held in trust on behalf of the community (but not held by the state) and consequently managed by those with both the desire and capacity, but how precisely this idea is given practical expression is one of the key, and liveliest, areas of research in associativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30972042 |
Associative economics An associative company would be set up so that it cannot be sold off by investors, since the company is not merely the creation of investors. But many different arrangements are possible. One example is the Mondragon Industrial Cooperatives (started by Catholic priest José Mª Arizmendiarrieta, who... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30972042 |
Associative economics The company, while for-profit, might be held in trust by a non-profit board, which ensures the company remains as a resource for the community. The broad guiding lines of associative economic enterprise are that economic life should not be owned or managed by the state (which however of course leg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30972042 |
2004 United States federal budget The 2004 United States Federal Budget began as a proposal by President George W. Bush to fund government operations for October 1, 2003 – September 30, 2004. The requested budget was submitted to the 108th Congress on February 3, 2003. Receipts by source: "(in billions of dollars)" Out... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30990651 |
3G (countries) 3G countries or Global Growth Generating countries are 11 countries which have been identified as sources of growth potential and of profitable investment opportunities. Prepared in February 2011, a Citigroup report prepared by analysts Willem Buiter (Chief Economist) and Ebrahim Rahbari claimed that BRI... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31000568 |
3G (countries) This holds Vietnam as the world's highest potential source of high growth and profitable investment opportunities. As of October 2011, based on a report from the HSBC Trade Confidence Index (TCI) and HSBC Trade Forecast there are four countries with significant trade volume growth, i.e. Egypt, India, Vie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31000568 |
Chain linking is a statistical method, defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as: is popularly used with GDP/GNP data, to measure changes over time, giving a chained volume series. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31013835 |
MarketPulse is a continuous monthly tracking survey of household purchases in urban and rural India. Established in 1974, it is India's only household panel study that collects information about household purchases. Conducted by IMRB International's Media and Panel Group, it surveys over 70,000 households, 56,000 in ur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31033132 |
Precautionary savings Precautionary saving is saving (non-expenditure of a portion of income) that occurs in response to uncertainty regarding future income. The precautionary motive to delay consumption and save in the current period rises due to the lack of completeness of insurance markets. Accordingly, individuals ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31047055 |
Precautionary savings Some examples of events that create the need for precautionary saving include health risk, business risk, unavoidable expenditures, and risk of labor income change, saving for retirement and a child's education. are intimately associated with investments, if earnings are not used for purchasing co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31047055 |
Precautionary savings Analytical findings confirmed the presence of a precautionary saving motive, with precautionary saving positively correlated with income risk. More extensive research has confirmed the presence of a precautionary motive for saving within the permanent income hypothesis framework. Leland (1968) int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31047055 |
Precautionary savings substitute acquiring capital in the current period with consuming in the future to avoid capital loss in the future due to capital risk). This is met with an opposite force, as higher riskiness makes it necessary to save more in order to protect oneself against very low levels of future consumptio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31047055 |
Precautionary savings This model allows for the individuals’ time preference rate to differ from the markets’ interest rate. Findings of the model showed that lower variability of earnings led to a lower saving rate. Also, the saving rate became higher by a range of 7% to 14% as variability of earnings increased. The a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31047055 |
Precautionary savings Moreover, insuring industrial workers’ future incomes against workplace accident was used to test the effect of insurance on precautionary savings. This was conducted for 7000 households who did not or could not obtain complete insurance coverage against workplace accident risk, covering 1917-1919... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31047055 |
Precautionary savings Under this notion, uncertainty about households' anticipated future income, due to expected unemployment, strengthens the precautionary motive for saving and hence holds down consumption spending (cetrus paribus). This in turn justifies the notion that precautionary saving may be part of the expla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31047055 |
Precautionary savings The model was able to confirm the precautionary motive of sovereigns' accumulated assets (as a ratio to GDP) in response to risks of global imbalances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31047055 |
The Blue Economy The Blue Economy: 10 years – 100 innovations – 100 million jobs is a book by Gunter Pauli. The book expresses the ultimate aim that a "Blue Economy business model" will shift society from scarcity to abundance "with what is locally available", by tackling issues that cause environmental and related pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31056977 |
The Blue Economy "The Blue Economy" is presented in 14 chapters, each of which investigates an aspect of the world's economies and offers a series of innovations capable of making aspects of those economies sustainable. By 2014, the book has been translated into 35 languages worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31056977 |
Theory of storage The Theory of Storage describes features observed in commodity markets: When available supplies of the commodity in question are high, and the working inventories of commercial consumers of that commodity are accordingly held to a minimum, When supplies are tight, and purchasing managers build product... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31079088 |
Benefit financing model The "Benefit Financing Model" (BFM), also known as "Unemployment Insurance Benefit Financing Model" (UIBFM), is an actuarial forecasting model designed to help analysts project the condition of Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF) a number of years into the future, and quickly assess the financial impa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31106243 |
Benefit financing model Furthermore, the Financial Forecast Program also assesses the adequacy level of the UTF under different scenarios and report solvency measures (such as Reserve Ratio, Average high cost multiple, etc.)on annual basis. If the trust fund should become insolvent and borrowing from the Federal Govern... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31106243 |
Gross loan is the total amount of issued credits given to banks during the accounting period. Liquidity of the bank can be judged upon the amount of its gross loans. Liquidity of the credit institutions is directly related to the refinancing needs. is the total amount of loans, refinanced by credit institutions subject... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31119650 |
Post-Napoleonic depression The post-Napoleonic depression was an economic depression in Europe and the United States after the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. In England and Wales, an agricultural depression led to the passage of the Corn Laws (which were to polarize British politics for the next three decades), an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31126970 |
Post-Napoleonic depression Samuel Jackson of Pennsylvania theorised that the Panic of 1819 and resulting depression in the United States were caused by the post-Napoleonic depression, holding that the end of the Napoleonic wars had led to the collapse of export markets and resulting underconsumption. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31126970 |
Warm-glow giving is an economic theory describing the emotional reward of giving to others. According to the original warm-glow model developed by James Andreoni (1989, 1990), people experience a sense of joy and satisfaction for "doing their part" to help others. This satisfaction - or ""warm glow"" - represents the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving Conceptually, warm-glow giving is related to the notion of a "helper's high" and appears to be resilient across cultures. Warm glow is built upon the idea of impure altruism: the blend of both altruistic and egoistic desires to help others. Philosophers have debated this idea since the time of the anci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving The normative theory of Ricardian equivalence suggests private spending should be unresponsive to fiscal policy because forward-looking individuals smooth their consumption, consistent with Modigliani's life-cycle hypothesis. Applied to the provision of charities or public goods, Ricardian equivalence ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving In economics, violations to the neutrality hypothesis pose serious concerns for macroeconomic policies involving taxation and redistribution; and microeconomic theories for collective action and public good provision. Several of Andreoni's contemporaries simultaneously provided evidence against neutral... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving It follows that the total provision of the public good, G, is simply: formula_6and the total contributions to the public good from all other individuals is denoted as: formula_7Thus, the public good is the sum of the formula_8person's contribution formula_9along with the total contributions of all othe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving First, warm-glow theory predicts that income transfers will increase net giving only when income is transferred to more altruistic individuals. Second, it suggests that the provision of a public good is dependent upon the distribution of income within a population. Third, it suggests that public fund o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving According to Andreoni (2006), "putting warm-glow into the model is, while intuitively appealing, an admittedly "ad hoc" fix". Further elaborating on the topic, he and colleagues wrote that the concept was "originally a placeholder for more specific models of individual and social motivations". From thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving Extrinsic motivation may also take the form of punishment (negative warm glow), in the form of censure or blame. Some research has explicitly focused on extrinsic warm glow, such as "relational warm glow". One area that has been frequently confused in the literature involves the classification of guilt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving A more recent body of research has identified several important determinants of warm glow, including social distance, vividness to the beneficiary, and guilt avoidance. Taken together, these observations suggest the warm glow may be best described as the visceral manifestation of empathy. This is consi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving Warm glow should be positively impacted by both levels for vividness. Recent work has identified guilt avoidance as an important component of warm glow. Some have even compared guilt as the "flip side" of warm glow. Parameterizing guilt as a component of warm glow allows for deficit values of warm glow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving While there is some evidence for a "literal warm glow" — in which an individual's perceived thermal state is elevated by the act of giving due to activation in the insula — the more general consensus across the psychological and neurobiological fields is that helping others makes people happy through t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving The warm glow of voting continues to be an important consideration in ethical voter models. In efforts to design effective, enduring, and efficient environmental interventions, many scholars and policy makers have focused on warm-glow effects. Because many forms of extrinsic rewards and punishments hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving There is also evidence that product warm glows may play a role in a process called "hedonic licensing", in which consumers who perceive a moral surplus subsequently allow themselves more leeway to make selfish purchases. Common phenomena such as avoiding eye contact with beggars or adjusting one's rout... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving Thus, formula_27suggests avoidance of giving opportunities is a preferred strategy for individuals who experience guilt as a negative warm glow. Economic models assign a cost of effort to avoidance, and predict that people will incur such effort whenever formula_28where formula_29is the utility of not ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving 99 by a title distinct from that awarded for gifts above $1,000. As a consequence, the social signaling component of the warm-glow effect (in extrinsic operationalizations of warm glow) suggests individuals should be motivated to make the minimum donation to acquire their desired categorical status. Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving For example, United States citizens directed more than 60% of their total charitable contributions to religious groups, education institutions, art organizations, and foundations in 2017; compared to under 7% in foreign aid. According to models of social justice and economic QALYs, in which human lives... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
Warm-glow giving Indeed, Andreoni, the father of the original model, stated that "putting warm-glow into the model is, while intuitively appealing, an admittedly "ad hoc" fix." As the body of research has evolved over nearly 30 years — incorporating philosophical, psychological, and physiological insights – it has beco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31130713 |
The Review of Austrian Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It was established by Murray Rothbard, who edited ten volumes between 1987 and 1997. After his death, Walter Block, Hans-Hermann Hoppe, and Joseph T. Salerno edited the journal for two years. It was publis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31138651 |
International Energy Centre The (IEC) is a collaborative initiative established by three of Australia's leading universities (University of Western Australia, University of Newcastle and University of Queensland), and foundation industry member Glencore Xstrata. IEC's vision is to create an established centre of excell... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31160742 |
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