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Circular economy "Towards the Circular Economy" also identified the key building blocks in making the transition to a circular economy, namely in skills in circular design and production, new business models, skills in building cascades and reverse cycles, and cross-cycle/cross-sector collaboration. On the other hand, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy In 2018, the World Economic Forum, World Resources Institute, Philips, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, United Nations Environment Programme, and over 40 other partners launched the Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy (PACE). PACE follows on the legacy of WEF's CEO-led initiative, Project MainStr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy To provide authoritative guidance to organizations implementing circular economy (CE) strategies, in 2017, the British Standards Institution (BSI) developed and launched the first circular economy standard "BS 8001:2017 Framework for implementing the principles of the circular economy in organizations"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy Circular business models can be defined as business models that are closing, narrowing, slowing, intensifying, and dematerializing loops, to minimize the resource inputs into and the waste and emission leakage out of the organizational system. This comprises recycling measures (closing), efficiency imp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy There is some criticism of the idea of the circular economy. As Corvellec (2015) put it, the circular economy privileges continued economic growth with soft "anti-programs", and the circular economy is far from the most radical "anti-program". Corvellec (2019) raised the issue of multi-species and stre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy For example, Allwood (2014) discussed the limits of CE 'material circularity', and questioned the desirability of the CE in a reality with growing demand. Do CE secondary production activities (reuse, repair, & remake) actually reduce, or instead displace, primary production (natural resource extractio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy It follows that in a real implementation of the concept, one would either have to deviate from the perfect reversibility in order to generate an entropy increase by generating waste, which would ultimately amount to still having parts of the economy which follow a linear scheme, or enormous amounts of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy A documentary about the world of fashion, "The True Cost" (2015), explained that in fast fashion, "wages, unsafe conditions, and factory disasters are all excused because of the needed jobs they create for people with no alternatives." This shows that fast fashion is harming the planet in more ways tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy you get to use your creativity but you also get to sell more but not create more stuff." Both China and Europe have taken the lead in pushing a circular economy. The "Journal of Industrial Ecology" (2017) stated that the "Chinese perspective on the circular economy is broad, incorporating pollution and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy As a good case that fits the idea of circular economy in the construction sector on the operational level, there can be pointed walnut husks, that belong to hard, light and natural abrasives used for example in cleaning brick surfaces. Abrasive grains are produced from crushed, cleaned and selected wal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy In the EU's ETN-Demeter project (European Training Network for the Design and Recycling of Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Motors and Generators in Hybrid and Full Electric Vehicles) they are looking at the sustainable design issue. They are for example making designs of electric motors of which the magnet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy In addition, logistic companies can enable a connection to a circular economy by providing customers incentives to reduce costs through shipment and route optimization, as well as, offering services such as prepaid shipping labels, smart packaging, and take-back options. The shift from linear flows of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy Changes in the Dutch laws and regulations will be introduced. Some key points in this plant include: When it comes to the furniture industry, most of the products are passive durable products, and accordingly implementing strategies and business models that extend the lifetime of the products (like rep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy They also found that 80% of the raw material in the production phase is waste. Rype Office is one example of a furniture company that offers remade and refurbished options to customers. The uptake to reuse within the oil and gas industry is very poor, the opportunity to reuse is never more evident, or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy Rather, it suggests an alternative way of thinking how to attain a sustained competitive advantage (SCA), while concurrently addressing the environmental and socio-economic concerns of the 21st century. Indeed, stepping away from linear forms of production most often leads to the development of new cor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy The book "Strategic Management and the Circular Economy" defined for the first time a CE strategic decision-making process, covering the phases of analysis, formulation, and planning. Each phase is supported by frameworks and concepts popular in management consulting – like idea tree, value chain, VRIE... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy " Furthermore, the document highlighted the importance of "a systemic change in the use and recovery of resources in the economy" in ensuring future jobs and competitiveness, and outlined potential pathways to a circular economy, in innovation and investment, regulation, tackling harmful subsidies, inc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy The various approaches to 'circular' business and economic models share several common principles with other conceptual frameworks: Janine Benyus, author of "Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature", defined Biomimicry as "a new discipline that studies nature's best ideas and then imitates these desi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Circular economy The aim is to reduce the amount of waste generated, therefore reducing the need for landfill space and also extracting maximum value from waste. The ability to understand how things influence one another within a whole. Elements are considered as 'fitting in' their infrastructure, environment and socia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31666505 |
Capital structure substitution theory In finance, the capital structure substitution theory (CSS) describes the relationship between earnings, stock price and capital structure of public companies. The CSS theory hypothesizes that managements of public companies manipulate capital structure such that earnings per share... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31693098 |
Capital structure substitution theory The earnings-per-share change when one share with price P is repurchased and one bond with face value P is issued: Combining these two effects, the marginal change in EPS as function of the total number of outstanding shares becomes: formula_4 where EPS is maximized when substituti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31693098 |
Capital structure substitution theory This is consistent with the finding that ""…firms with higher current stock prices (relative to their past stock prices, book values or earnings) are more likely to issue equity rather than debt and repurchase debt rather than equity"". The equilibrium condition can be easily rearr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31693098 |
Capital structure substitution theory In times when the market is under-priced, corporate buyback programs will allow companies to drive up earnings-per-share, and generate extra demand in the stock market. In times when the index was under-priced relative to the model equilibrium, repurchase programs will be stopped a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31693098 |
Capital structure substitution theory It can be shown that repurchasing has a disadvantage over dividends for companies with a debt-equity ratio above formula_8 Under the assumptions described above, low valued, high leveraged companies with limited investment opportunities and a high profitability are expected to use ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31693098 |
Capital structure substitution theory The CSS theory predicts that companies with a low valuation and high leverage will have a "low" beta. This is counter-intuitive as traditional finance theory links leverage to risk, and risk to "high" beta. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31693098 |
List of socialist economists This article lists notable socialist economists and political economists. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31720130 |
General government sector The general government sector includes all institutional units whose output is intended for individual and collective consumption and mainly financed by compulsory payments made by units belonging to other sectors, and/or all institutional units principally engaged in the redistribution of nat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31721608 |
New Jobs tax credit The was a tax credit policy created as part of the 1977 stimulus package enacted by the Carter administration and was in effect through 1978. The tax credit acted as a form of wage subsidy by granting employers a tax credit for making new hires. In 1979, the credit was not renewed and it was ultimat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31744645 |
The Working Poor The Working Poor: Invisible in America is a 2004 book written by Pulitzer Prize-winner David K. Shipler. From personal interviews and research, Shipler presents in this book anecdotes and life stories of individuals considered the working poor. Using their lives as examples, he illustrates the struggle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31749683 |
Micathermic heater A micathermic heater is a type of space heater in which the heating element is covered in thin sheets of mica. Micathermic heaters produce both convection heat and radiant heat, and are usually thinner than other types of heaters. The 1500 watt SoleusAir 360 Micathermic Heater was recalled in 2008 du... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31804393 |
Convergence Festival is an annual sustainable living festival held in Ireland. Running since 2000, and organised by the Sustainable Ireland Co-Operative, the features a combination of cultural and educational events celebrating all aspects of sustainability. The first took place in Dublin's Temple Bar in the year 2000.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31825960 |
Ophelimity is an economic concept introduced by Vilfredo Pareto as a measure of purely economic satisfaction, so he could use the already well-established term utility as a measure of a more broadly based satisfaction encompassing other dimensions as well, such as the ethical, moral, religious, and political. As such, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31836986 |
Trade reporting and compliance engine Unlike stocks, which generally trade transparently on public exchanges, corporate bonds and structured products trade "over-the-counter", meaning they are private transactions between individual counterparties, and so the transactions were generally not publicly reported. To create... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31840183 |
Double digital option A double digital option is a particular variety of option (a financial derivative). At maturity, the payoff is 1 if the spot price of the underlying asset is between two numbers, the lower and upper strikes of the option; otherwise, it is 0. A double digital option is similar to the exotic option ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31875837 |
Is Geography Destiny? Lessons from Latin America is a book written by John Luke Gallup, Alejandro Gaviria, Eduardo Lora and published by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), which documents an advanced step of the rediscovery of geography by economists initiated by Paul Krugman in the early 1990s, however in anot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31920165 |
Is Geography Destiny? In the second chapter, an intranational perspective, the authors analyse “the influence of geography” within Mexico, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Brazil, the “Latin American countries with the greatest geographical diversity”. In the last chapter, they propose “policies to overcome the limitations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31920165 |
Bull trap In stock market trading, a is an inaccurate signal that shows a decreasing trend in a stock or index has reversed and is now heading upwards, when in fact, the security will continue to decline. It is seen as a trap because the bullish investor purchases the stock, thinking it will increase in value, but is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31930856 |
Jamshidian's trick is a technique for one-factor asset price models, which re-expresses an option on a portfolio of assets as a portfolio of options. It was developed by Farshid Jamshidian in 1989. The trick relies on the following simple, but very useful mathematical observation. Consider a sequence of monotone (incre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31954655 |
List of Uruguayan economists A list of notable Uruguayan economists: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31972435 |
Reserve Tranche Position A country's (RTP) is the difference between the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) holdings of that country's currency and the country's IMF-designated quota. The primary means of financing the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is through members' quotas. Each member of the IMF is assigned a q... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32027625 |
Constant elasticity of variance model In mathematical finance, the CEV or constant elasticity of variance model is a stochastic volatility model, which attempts to capture stochastic volatility and the leverage effect. The model is widely used by practitioners in the financial industry, especially for modelling equitie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32059251 |
Jharkhand State Electricity Board is a Government of Jharkhand enterprise, entrusted with the generation and distribution of electrical power in the state of Jharkhand, India. It suffers a loss of more than 1,000 crore (USD 200mn) every year. In 2011, it was revealed that in the last ten years, as much as 80 crores in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32059363 |
Richard L. Peterson Dr. is an American behavioral economist and psychiatrist. He has developed behavioral finance-based quantitative models, imaged the brains of test subjects while play-trading, and is a writer and consultant in the psychology of financial decisions and the mining of sentiment in social media. Dr. Pet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32071469 |
Richard L. Peterson Peterson has appeared in CBS Evening News, CNBC, NPR, BBC, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, and Harvard Business Review. He lives in California with his family. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32071469 |
BRICS is the acronym coined for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The members are known for their significant influence on regional affa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS The foreign ministers of the initial four BRIC General states (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) met in New York City in September 2006 at the margins of the General Debate of the UN Assembly, beginning a series of high-level meetings. A full-scale diplomatic meeting was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 16 June ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed – with the "S" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Af... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS "Brazil and India want the initial capital to be shared equally. We know that China wants more," said a Brazilian official. "However, we are still negotiating, there are no tensions arising yet." On 11 October 2013, Russia's Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said that a decision on creating a $100 billion fund desi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS " In light of the tensions surrounding the 2014 Crimean crisis, the Ministers remarked that "The escalation of hostile language, sanctions and counter-sanctions, and force does not contribute to a sustainable and peaceful solution, according to international law, including the principles and purposes of the Unite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS " The Fortaleza summit was followed by a meeting with the Union of South American Nations president's in Brasilia, where the development bank and the monetary fund were introduced. The development bank will have capital of US$50 billion with each country contributing US$10 billion, while the monetary fund will ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS After the 2015 summit, the respective communications ministers, under a Russian proposal, had a first summit for their ministries in Moscow in October where the host minister, Nikolai Nikiforov, proposed an initiative to further tighten their information technology sectors and challenge the monopoly of the United... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS The most recent summit took place in Brazil from 13 to 14 November 2019. Afghanistan, Argentina, Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey have expressed strong interest in full membership of the BRICS, while Egypt, Iran, Nigeria, Sudan, Syria and most recently Pakistan, Bangladesh and Greece have also expressed interest in j... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS It is found that emerging economies that experienced rapid economic liberalization went through increased economic volatility, bringing uncertain macroeconomic environment. The CRA is generally seen as a competitor to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and along with the New Development Bank is viewed as an ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS The main benefits highlighted were backup and redundancy in case there were disruptions to the SWIFT system. The Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of the Russia, Olga Skorobogatova stated in an interview, "The only topic that may be of interest to all of us within is to consider and talk over the possibility of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS So, if offer any new structures that can compete with these long-standing…institutions, it will be very good." On 9 April 2013, Isobel Coleman from the Council on Foreign Relations, director of CFR's Civil Society, Markets and Democracy Program said that members of share a lack of consensus. They uphold drastical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
BRICS The theme of the 11th summit was "BRICS: economic growth for an innovative future", and the priorities of the Brazilian Pro Tempore Presidency for 2019 are the following: Strengthening of the cooperation in Science, technology and innovation; Enhancement of the cooperation on digital economy; Invigoration of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32079419 |
Boleto Bancário, simply referred to as (English: Ticket) is a payment method in Brazil regulated by FEBRABAN, short for Brazilian Federation of Banks. A boleto can be paid at ATMs, branch facilities and internet banking of any Bank, Post Office, Lottery Agent and some supermarkets until its due date. After the due date... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32107992 |
Crash Proof Crash Proof: How to Profit From the Coming Economic Collapse is an investment book by American investment broker, Peter Schiff. The book, published in 2007, just before the 2008 financial crisis predicted an imminent decline in the value of the American dollar and advised investment in foreign securities an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32146489 |
How an Economy Grows and Why It Crashes How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes (2010) is an illustrated polemic on various economic topics by Peter Schiff and Andrew Schiff. The book allegorically explores such topics as inflation, deficit spending, central banking, international trade, and the housing bubble and cred... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32147102 |
Social metabolism or socioeconomic metabolism is the set of flows of materials and energy that occur between nature and society, between different societies, and within societies. These human-controlled material and energy flows are a basic feature of all societies but their magnitude and diversity largely depend on sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32148878 |
Social metabolism In-use stocks, which comprise buildings, vehicles, appliances, infrastructure, etc., are built up and maintained by the different industrial processes that are part of social metabolism. These stocks then provide service to people in form of shelter, transportation, or communication. Society and its m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32148878 |
Korn–Kreer–Lenssen model The (KKL model) is a discrete trinomial model proposed in 1998 by Ralf Korn, Markus Kreer and Mark Lenssen to model illiquid securities and to value financial derivatives on these. It generalizes the binomial Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model in a natural way as the stock in a given time interval can e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32160213 |
Prudential regulation is a type of financial regulation that requires financial firms to control risks and hold adequate capital as defined by capital requirements, liquidity requirements, by the imposition of concentration risk (or large exposures) limits, and by related reporting and public disclosure requirements an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32171911 |
North–South model The North–South model, developed largely by Columbia University economics professor Ronald Findlay, is a model in developmental economics that explains the growth of a less developed "South" or "periphery" economy that interacts through trade with a more developed "North" or "core" economy. The is use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32194239 |
North–South model This graph makes it clear that the real terms of trade decreases when the growth rate is higher in the South than in the North (because, thanks to unity in elasticity of demand, the export line would shift to the right faster than the import line). The resultant decrease in the terms of trade, however... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32194239 |
North–South model For example, the Asian Tigers are famous for pursuing development strategies that involved using their comparative advantage in labor to produce labor-intensive goods like textiles more efficiently than the United States and Europe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32194239 |
M85 fuel M85 is a fuel blending 85% methanol and 15% petrol. M85 is a similar blend to the E85 biofuel, however cannot run in vehicles intended to use E85 fuel. While similar, M85 isn't as well known as its ethanol counterpart. Methanol is considered a viable fuel alternative as it contains high levels of hydrogen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32194976 |
Wonderland model Wonderland is an integrated mathematical model used for studying phenomena in sustainable development. First introduced by economist (Waren C. Sanderson 1994) of Stony Brook University, there are now several related versions of the model in use. Wonderland allows economists, policy analysts and environ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32228572 |
Wonderland model One future entitled "Dream", held out the possibility of unending sustainable growth, while the other termed "Horror", ended in environmental collapse and eventual extinction of the population. Subsequent work (Kohring, 2006) showed that the parameters of the model can be bisected into two sets, one wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32228572 |
Wonderland model However, the recovery is only temporary, after a brief time of robust growth the system again collapses, leading to endless cycles of collapse followed by recovery. Abating pollution does not alter the fundamental division of the parameters into the two sets of sustainable and unsustainable futures (Ko... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32228572 |
Mutan rate The Mutan interest rate is the Un-collateralized Overnight Call Rate in Japan. It is the reference rate for JPY overnight unsecured transactions in the Japanese market. It was launched in April 1996 and it is the main tool for the transmission of the Bank of Japan's monetary policy. Bank of Japan publishes a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32295277 |
Agrocarbon is the international brand name of biochar products produced by 3Ragrocabon. 3Ragrocarbon is owned and operated by Terra Humanities LTD, a Swedish ecological-innovation technology and engineering company. 3Rutilizes patented 3R zero-emission Pyrolysis to create environmentally friendly bio-char and soil-nutr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32302594 |
Agrocarbon The 3R pyrolysis process is an original development and innovation of Terra Humana ltd. The development of this process is very substantial as most other pyrolysis methods are unable to operate efficiently on an industrial scale. 3R pyrolysis technology was proven and demonstrated at a technical readiness le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32302594 |
Death by China Death by China: Confronting the Dragon – A Global Call to Action is a 2011 non-fiction book by economics professor Peter Navarro and Greg Autry that chronicles ("from currency manipulation and abusive trade policies, to deadly consumer products") the alleged threats to America's economic dominance in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32314278 |
Death by China " In a 2012 article, Andrew O'Hehir of "Salon" commented that Navarro's "dramatic overkill is both unfortunate and unnecessary, because the questions Navarro asks about our deformed and dependent relationship with China are legitimate and troubling[,]" and "[m]uch of the argument Navarro assembles in 'De... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32314278 |
Death by China " Rotten Tomatoes gives the documentary a score of 33% based on reviews from 12 critics, with an average rating of 5/10. Comments include "It is ... unabashedly one-sided and is short on solutions" (Neil Genzlinger, "The New York Times"), "[A] rabid piece of agitprop, which swamps a number of legitimate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32314278 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation The Datar–Mathews Method (DM Method) is a method for real options valuation. The method provides an easy way to determine the real option value of a project simply by using the average of positive outcomes for the project. The method can be understood as an extension of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation The DM Method gives the same results as the Black–Scholes and the binomial lattice option models, provided the same inputs and the discount methods are used. This non-traded real option value therefore is dependent on the risk perception of the evaluator toward a market as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation Here, reflecting the optionality inherent in the project, a forecast of a net negative value outcome corresponds to an abandoned project, and has a zero value. Fig. 2B. The resulting values create a payoff distribution representing the economically rational set of plausibl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation The equivalent Black–Scholes values are: The terms "N"("d") and "N"("d") are applied in the calculation of the Black–Scholes formula, and are expressions related to operations on lognormal distributions; see section "Interpretation" under Black–Scholes. The Datar–Mathews M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation There are several advantages to the algebraic form, and ancillary simplifications, over the simulated approach as follows: The algebraic form of the DM Option, whether modeled using a lognormal, triangular or other distribution, is fundamentally is a simple concept and bas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation The time differentiated discounting ("R" and "r") results in an apparent shift of formula_14, or the mean formula_15, relative to the value outcome distribution, formula_16, or the mean formula_17 (Fig. 5). This relative shift sets up the conditional expectation of the tru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation It is common practice to convert a normal distribution to a standard normal and then use the standard normal table to find the value of probabilities. Define as the standard normal variable: formula_27 The conditional expectation of the discounted value outcome is: Then pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation As an additional check on estimating operating profits (formula_38) with uncertainty, an example of formula_39 results in a value range of: A value range of approximately an order of magnitude may seem large, even excessive. However, a real option business case is most oft... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation For a triangular distribution, sometimes referred to as three-point_estimation, the mode value corresponds to the “most-likely” scenario, and the other two other scenarios, “pessimistic” and “optimistic”, represent plausible deviations from the most-likely scenario (often ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation This partial expectation is computed by the cumulative distribution function (CDF) given the probability distribution will be found at a value greater than or equal to "X": The DM Range Option value, or project investment, is: The values of the triangular distribution can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation In a 2016 article in the "Advances in Decision Sciences" journal, researchers from the Lappeenranta University of Technology School of Business and Management compared the DM Method to the fuzzy pay-off method for real option valuation created in 2009, and noted that while... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32321546 |
King effect In statistics, economics, and econophysics, the refers to the phenomenon where the top one or two members of a ranked set show up as outliers. These top one or two members are unexpectedly large because they do not conform to the statistical distribution or rank-distribution which the remainder of the set o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32325584 |
Base effect The base effect relates to inflation in the corresponding period of the previous year, if the inflation rate was too low in the corresponding period of the previous year, even a smaller rise in the Price Index will arithmetically give a high rate of inflation now. On the other hand, if the price index had r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32342065 |
Reduce America's Debt Now Act of 2011 is a proposed act that will require employers to make non-deductible deductions from employees for the US Treasury to be used to feed the United States public debt. The bill was introduced on July 7, 2011 by Rick Crawford to the United States House of Representatives and referred t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32349569 |
Von Kármán–Gabrielli diagram The von Kármán–Gabrielli diagram (also Gabrielli–von Kármán diagram, GvK diagram) is a diagram which compares the efficiency of transportation methods by plotting specific tractive force, or specific resistance ("ε = P/mgv = E/mgd") against velocity ("v"). It was first used by Theodore von ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32351392 |
Heterogeneity in economics In economic theory and econometrics, the term heterogeneity refers to differences across the units being studied. For example, a macroeconomic model in which consumers are assumed to differ from one another is said to have heterogeneous agents. In econometrics, statistical inferences may be e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32399322 |
Heterogeneity in economics How to solve a heterogeneous agent model depends on the assumptions that are made about the expectations of the agents in the model. Broadly speaking, models with heterogeneous agents fall into the category of agent-based computational economics (ACE) if the agents have adaptive expectations,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32399322 |
Spare Change Payments was an online payments company specifically designed for conducting micro-payments inside games and applications on Facebook and other social networking sites. The company was the first to offer a micro-payment solution for social networking application developers shortly after Facebook opened its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32431538 |
Spare Change Payments In September 2017, the technology patent "Method and system for authenticating online transactions" originally filed by the Spare Change founders was granted by US Patent Office. After a short stay at Visa, the founders of Spare Change moved on to lead the next generation of innovations. Simon Ru ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32431538 |
Presstalis Presstalis, known until December 2009 as Nouvelles Messageries de la Presse Parisienne (NMPP), is a French media distribution corporation. More than 100 newspapers and 3,500 French and foreign magazines are distributed by Presstalis. The company distributes many of the national newspapers of France and nearl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32467096 |
Lendwithcare is a microfinance lending website from the development charity CARE International UK. Launched in September 2010, it allows individuals and groups to make small loans to entrepreneurs in developing countries, and help them work their way out of poverty. It supports entrepreneurs in Cambodia, Togo, Benin, T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32474549 |
Lendwithcare The MFI transfers these repayments to CARE International who then credits the payment into lenders' lendwithcare.org accounts. Lenders can then either withdraw their money using a PayPal account or can use the credit to provide a loan to another entrepreneur. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32474549 |
Debt limit A debt limit or debt ceiling is a legislative mechanism restricting the total amount that a country can borrow or how much debt it can be permitted to take on. Several countries have debt limitation restrictions. A debt limit is a legislative mechanism restricting the total amount that a country can borrow o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32480155 |
Westfailure In 1999, international relations scholar Susan Strange introduced the term in her posthumously published article entitled "The System". The term "Westfailure" is a portmanteau (West + failure) and a pun on the term Westphalian system. Commonly used in international politics, the "Westphalian system" refers ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32496876 |
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