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Space launch market competition By May 2015, the SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.1 was certified by the USAF to compete to launch many of the expensive satellites which are considered essential to US national security. And by 2019, ULA, with their next-generation, lower-cost Vulcan/Centaur launch vehicle, was one of four launch com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition By mid-2015, Arianespace was speaking publicly about job reductions as part of an attempt to remain competitive in the "European industry [which is being] restructured, consolidated, rationalised and streamlined" to respond to SpaceX price competition. Still, "Arianespace remained confid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition " A 2017 industry-wide view by "SpaceNews" reported: By 5 July 2017, SpaceX had launched 10 payloads during a bit over six months—"outperform[ing] its cadence from earlier years"—and "is well on track to hit the target it set last year of 18 launches in a single year." There were indeed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition " By mid-2018, with Proton flying as few as two launches in an entire year, the Russian state corporation Roscosmos announced they would retire the Proton launch vehicle, in part due to competition from lower-cost launch alternatives. In 2018 SpaceX launched a record 21 times, exceeding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition While private satellite manufacturing companies had previously raised large capital rounds, that has been the largest investment to date in a launch service provider. SpaceX developed the Falcon Heavy (first flight in February 2018), and are developing the Starship launch vehicle with pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition The ULA board of directors—composed entirely of executives from Boeing and Lockheed Martin—is approving development funding on a quarter-by-quarter basis. Other launch service providers are developing new space launch systems with substantial government capital investment. For the new ES... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition This does not include "the more aspirational possibilities presented by space tourism or mining, nor by [NASA] megaprojects." A number of market responses to the increase of lower-cost competition in the space launch market began in the 2010s. As rocket engine and rocket technologies hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition Blue Origin is also planning to begin flying its own orbital launch vehicle—the New Glenn—in 2021), a rocket that will also use the Blue BE-4 engine on the first stage, the same as the ULA Vulcan. Blue Origin's Jeff Bezos initially said they did not plan to compete for the US military la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition The stated design objective was to reduce both the cost and duration of reusable vehicle refurbishment and was partially motivated by the pressure of lower-cost competitive options with newer technological capabilities not found in the Ariane 6. Responding to competitive pressures, one s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Space launch market competition " According to an industry panel interviewed in October 2018, an industry shakeout is expected between 2019 and 2021 due to the excess supply compared to demand. Prices should reach stability once the new entrants have demonstrated their capabilities. In the first quarter of 2020, SpaceX... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43450436 |
Gustav Stolper Prize The is an award given by the Verein für Socialpolitik to outstanding scientists who have used economic research to influence the public debate on economic issues, and have contributed substantially to the understanding and solution of current economic problems. It is named for the Austrian-German e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43455585 |
Milestone fee In contracts, research and development, research administration, and project management, milestone fees are fees for the development of a deliverable to be completed under the applicable statement of work. Milestone fees do not include sales tax or any other taxes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43482230 |
Dubai Financial Services Authority The (DFSA) is the financial regulatory agency of the special economic zone, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), In Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is distinct from the UAE's federal Securities and Commodities Authority, whose jurisdiction covers the wider UAE outside the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43501475 |
Dubai Financial Services Authority A number of laws created the DIFC and the necessary centre bodies, which include the DFSA. The laws set out the objectives, powers and functions of the centre bodies. They also contain important exemptions and prohibitions in the DIFC. The agency was established in 2004 as part of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43501475 |
Spara och Slösa was a Swedish comic strip series created by Birgitta Lilliehöök, and published between the years of 1926–1963 for the Swedish bank concern Sparbanken's children's magazine "Lyckoslanten". Today the comic, which has become well known for the generation growing up in mid 20th century Sweden, is illustrate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43504850 |
Neuromanagement uses cognitive neuroscience, among other life science fields, and technology to analyze economic and managerial issues. It focuses on exploring human brain activities and mental processes when people are faced with typical problems of economics and management. This research provides insight into human d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43507788 |
Neuromanagement Neuro-IE studies human cognition and uses advanced neuroscience and biofeedback technology to measure physiological responses in order to acquire data for further analysis, which provides insight into people's mental states without subjective consciousness control. Then this data, people's neuro activit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43507788 |
Neuromanagement The lab has recently focused on researches on interdisciplinary fields including Decision Neuroscience, Neuroeconomics, Neuromanagement, Neural-Industrial Engineering, Neuromarketing, and Social neuroscience. The Lab has undertaken over 30 national, ministerial or provincial-level projects since establi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43507788 |
Personal guarantee A personal guarantee is a promise made by a person or an organization (the guarantor) to accept responsibility for some other party's debt (the debtor) if the debtor fails to pay it. In the case of a personal guarantee made by an individual on behalf of another, the person who makes the personal guar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43531915 |
Personal guarantee The issuer of the guarantee, in effect, provides joint and several responsibility for the debt so that while the organization, as the debtor, is primarily liable to pay the debt; the creditor can also go after the guarantor as a secondary responsible party if the debtor is unwilling or unable to pay ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43531915 |
Odisha State Financial Corporation The (OSFC) formerly known as Orissa State Financial Corporation is a State Financial Corporation of Odisha. (OSFC) was established in 1956 under the State Financial Corporations Act,1951 and State Financial Corporations (Amendment) Act 2000 with the main object of providing loan assis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43561015 |
Pluralist commonwealth The term pluralist commonwealth refers to a systemic model of wealth democratization supported and facilitated by a variety of different institutional forms. Political economist and historian Gar Alperovitz is generally credited for the development of this model as a way to resolve socio-economic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43565956 |
Nicholas Bloom (born 5 May 1973) is the Eberle Professor in the Department of Economics at Stanford University, a Courtesy Professor at Stanford Business School and Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, and a co-Director of the Productivity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program at the National Bureau of E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43599879 |
Automatic enrolment In public services, automatic enrolment defines programmes where citizens are automatically included unless they opt out. Examples include: is recommended in the book "Nudge" by Thaler and Sunstein, as it promotes higher participation rates than when citizens are left to arrange their own pensions. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43602050 |
History of Political Economy The is a journal published by Duke University Press, focusing on economics and the history of economic thought and analysis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43679474 |
The Karlskrona Manifesto for sustainability design in software was created as an output of the Third International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Sustainable Systems (RE4SuSy) held in Karlskrona, Sweden, co-located with the 22nd IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE'14). The manifesto aro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43681421 |
FSN analysis is an inventory management technique. The items are classified according to their rate of consumption. The items are classified broadly into three groups: F – means Fast moving, S – means Slow moving, N – means Non-moving. The is conducted generally on the following basis: helps a company in identification... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43688015 |
Hungarian Industrial and Commercial Bank The (Hungarian: Magyar Ipar-és Kereskedelmi Bank) was an important Hungarian bank in the late 19th and early 20th century. It was a mediocre bank until the appointment of István Tisza - a prominent businessman and politician - as its president. Under his direction, it became the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43697811 |
Dematerialization (economics) In economics, dematerialization refers to the absolute or relative reduction in the quantity of materials required to serve economic functions in society. In common terms, dematerialization means doing more with less. This concept is similar to ephemeralization as proposed by Buckminster F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43727073 |
Open Data Now is a 2014 book on open data by Joel Gurin. A reviewer for the University of California, Berkeley School of Information said the book "is written for the business community, but speaks to the experiences of those in the government, the private sector, or those who make a living advocating for consumers." A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43799885 |
Open Data Now United States weather and GPS data are described as free data which have become the basis for new industries generating billions of dollars. Data.gov is presented as a repository of more information which is likely to similarly create new businesses and products. The chapter presents a history of open dat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43799885 |
Open Data Now Their department believed that the public would benefit when both it had access to more marketplace information, and also when that marketplace information was presented in more relevant ways that personally mattered to each individual. There is a review of the work of Todd Park. Companies profiled here i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43799885 |
Open Data Now A project example with this model might be a government convening a funded contest. In another crowdsourcing model, a project organization might provide a little support which is available universally, in hopes that the public will contribute to the project without individuals being given personal attenti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43799885 |
Open Data Now There is more coverage of the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014, mentioned elsewhere in the book, and here the law's close relationship with President Obama's public image is discussed. The US Freedom of Information Act is explained. A call is made to establish a Consumer Privacy Bill of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43799885 |
Shapiro–Stiglitz theory In labour economics, of efficiency wages (or Shapiro–Stiglitz efficiency wage model) is an economic theory of wages and unemployment in labour market equilibrium. It provides a technical description of why wages are unlikely to fall and how involuntary unemployment appears. This theory was first... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43849927 |
Shapiro–Stiglitz theory Then let b be the probability per unit time that a worker is dismissed from his job, and now we introduce the expected lifetime utility formula_2 of an unemployed individual. Then we find the asset value of employment during a short interval [0, T] because the worker is either dismissed or kept ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43849927 |
Shapiro–Stiglitz theory These two yields where the unemployment rate is formula_22. This constraint suggests that full employment always should involve shirking. The aggregate production function formula_23 is a function of total effective labour force. A firm's labour demand is given by equating the cost of hiring an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43849927 |
Shapiro–Stiglitz theory Let R be a measure of the difficulty of dismissing an employee who is caught shirking. Then p is a function of both R and M. The first and second derivatives of the profit with regard to N are: The condition for the maximum of the profit is formula_36, and so we have Thus differentiating its bot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43849927 |
Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film) Our Brand Is Crisis is a 2015 American comedy-drama film directed by David Gordon Green and written by Peter Straughan. Based on the 2005 documentary film of the same name by Rachel Boynton, it is a fictionalized account of the involvement of American political campaign strategists "Gree... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43853099 |
Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film) The American consultants, not knowing the language or the culture, are persuaded by Bodine, a burned out political strategist, to follow a strategy of smear campaigning. However, Castillo refuses to give permission for the team to do so. It is only after publishing a flyer accusing Casti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43853099 |
Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film) As one of his first actions, he invites the IMF, thereby breaking his promise. The deeply disappointed Eduardo visits Bodine in her hotel, who says that she is not responsible for Castillo's actions. In her eyes, her job is done. The disillusioned Eduardo joins his brothers at a demonstr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43853099 |
Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film) On December 11, 2013, Sandra Bullock was in early talks to star in the film, while Clooney chose not to direct, and his starring in the film was also unconfirmed at that time. On August 21, 2014, Bullock's casting was confirmed, playing a retired political consultant called 'Calamity' Ja... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43853099 |
Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film) "Our Brand Is Crisis" grossed $7 million in North America and $1.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $8.6 million, against a budget of $28 million. The film opened on October 30, 2015, alongside "Burnt" and "Scouts Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse". In its opening week... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43853099 |
Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film) Peter Debruge from "Variety" thought that Jane Bodine, played by Bullock, "is easily one of the best female roles of the last 10 years," while Benjamn Lee from "The Guardian" wrote that "Bullock seems blissfully unaware of the film’s faults and delivers a performance that expertly plays ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43853099 |
Tripp of Dordrecht The Tripp family of Dordrecht were Dutch merchants who traded extensively in the Middle East, Russia and Scandinavia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43861037 |
Cabot Wealth Network is an independent investment advisory company based in Salem, Massachusetts. The company's primary service is the publication of 12 investment advisory newsletters, which cover a range of investment styles, with an estimated 225,000 readers. It also publishes the Cabot Wealth Daily website and news... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43861108 |
Cabot Wealth Network The company also publishes a free e-newsletter, Cabot Wealth Daily and a number of reports. Cabot holds an annual conference each August at the Hawthorne Hotel in Salem, Massachusetts. Cabot's newsletters are researched and written by a staff of financial analysts who are cited and interviewed by m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43861108 |
Taxation in Uruguay Taxes in Uruguay are collected by the General Taxation Directorate (, DGI). A major tax reform bill came into force on 1 July 2007 with the number 18083. Nevertheless, something important remained: Uruguay applies the source principle, with investments located and activities performed outside Urugua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43900780 |
William B. P. Robson William Bertie Provost Robson (born 1959) is President and CEO of the C.D. Howe Institute. Robson took office as President and CEO of the C.D. Howe Institute in July 2006, after serving as the Institute's Senior Vice President since 2003 and Director of Research since 2000. He has written more than... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43930325 |
Fidelity Contrafund (symbol FCNTX) is a mutual fund operated and provided by Fidelity Investments. Its current manager is William Danoff, who has headed the fund since 1990. Contrafund's AUM (assets under management) as of July 2015 total over 112 billion USD. As of 2015 Contrafund was the second-largest actively-manag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43949841 |
Asymmetric payoff An asymmetric payoff (also called an asymmetric return) is the set of possible results of an investment strategy where the upside potential is greater than the downside risk. Derivative contracts called “options” are the most common instrument with asymmetric payoff characteristics. Hedge funds that e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43992281 |
Economic evaluation is the process of systematic identification, measurement and valuation of the inputs and outcomes of two alternative activities, and the subsequent comparative analysis of these. The purpose of economic evaluation is to identify the best course of action, based on the evidence available. It is most ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44013878 |
Zero balance account In finance, a Zero Balance Account (ZBA) is a system of cash pooling (to consolidate the cash balances of several subsidiaries of a single company). This system is designed to leave in the current accounts of the subsidiaries the minimum amounts to be able to deal with their debts contracted. The m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44023394 |
A Dark Reflection (aka Flight 313: The Conspiracy) is a 2015 British independent investigative thriller film directed and produced by former British Airways airline captain Tristan Loraine. Billed as "Erin Brockovich" meets "All the President's Men" and as a fact-based investigative thriller, the film is based on the d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44082688 |
A Dark Reflection The new director of JASP Air, Ben Tyrell (Mark Dymond), discovers that the incident of Flight 313 is not the first and begins to ask his own questions. When the chief engineer of the company tells him that the pressurization of the aircraft has a design problem, letting vaporized oils pass into the ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44082688 |
A Dark Reflection All of the filming for "A Dark Reflection" was done on location in England apart from a week of filming in Jordan, Loraine deciding not to use a soundstage. Further filming was carried out in Spring 2014 in Horsham. Principal photography was carried out at a wide selection of locations in West Sussex ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44082688 |
A Dark Reflection The film received a positive response, and screened to a packed auditorium. Following its success at Cannes, Los Angeles based sales agent Artist View Entertainment began selling "A Dark Reflection". In its first press release, Scott Jones, President of Artist View Entertainment stated, "We are very p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44082688 |
A Dark Reflection The film "A Dark Reflection" was released to the public in the United Kingdom on 27 February 2015 to a limited number of Cinemas. A private VIP screening of "A Dark Reflection" was shown in Horsham on 26 February.DVD sales are anticipated in the summer of 2015. In review, critics said the film has the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44082688 |
A Dark Reflection It is argued that the cause of the toxic air comes from the plane build, which brings bleed air into the aircraft cabin and cockpit via the engines; this has the potential for a bleed air leak. "A Dark Reflection" follows several documentary films also produced by Fact Not Fiction Films seeking to bri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44082688 |
ELENA reactor The is a compact Russian pressurized water reactor (PWR) of 68-kWe generating capacity currently being developed by the Kurchatov Institute. To develop the reactor, techniques were used derived from the construction and operation of marine and space power plants and the operational experience of the GAMMA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44083564 |
Economic corridor Economic corridors are integrated networks of infrastructure within a geographical area designed to stimulate economic development. They connect different economic agents in particular geographic area. Corridors may be developed within a country or between countries. Corridors exist in Asia, Africa, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44140918 |
Economic corridor org/ Regional integration Economic corridors not only connect regions and countries through transportation, but also strengthens infrastructure construction by establishing industrial clusters, thereby attracting investment and developing regional economy. They are part of infrastructure and integrate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44140918 |
Economic corridor In addition, the transnational economic corridor will also stimulate the development of foreign trade, and people in different countries can expand the scope of trade by taking advantage of convenient transportation conditions. Living standards The development of employment, commerce and trade will gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44140918 |
Economic corridor At the same time, air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution caused by industrial construction will also deteriorate the local fragile ecosystem, and the lives of residents along the route will also be greatly disturbed. Some residents living on agriculture will face problems such as soil eros... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44140918 |
Technology company A technology company (often tech company) is a type of business entity that focuses mainly on the development and manufacturing of technology products or providing technology as a service. "Technology", in this context, has come to mean primarily electronics-based technology. This can include, for ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44211754 |
Technology company According to PwC's 2017 Global Innovation 1000 ranking, tech companies made up nine of the 20 most innovative companies in the world, with the top R&D spender (as measured by expenditure) being Amazon, followed by Alphabet Inc., and then Intel. As a result of numerous influential tech companies and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44211754 |
Bell Potter Securities is one of Australia's largest full service stockbrokers and a leading financial advisory firm, offering a full range of services to private, corporate and institutional clients. The business has 320 private client advisers, 12 offices nationally (in Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Brisbane, Adelaide, H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44220947 |
Tom Fitzgerald (economist) Thomas Michael Fitzgerald (1918–1993) was an Australian economist, journalist and political advisor. Fitzgerald trained in economics by reading Keynes at the University of Sydney (1936–40). Fitzgerald enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force in November 1942 and, after training, was navigat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44222208 |
Theoretical economic geography is a branch of economic geography concerned with understanding the spatial distribution of economic activity. Theoretical techniques in this branch of economics explain a number of phenomena such as: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44260997 |
Global Money Week ] (GMW) is a global money awareness celebration that takes place in March every year. It is coordinated by the Child and Youth Finance International (CYFI) Secretariat to raise awareness on Economic Citizenship and directly engage children and youth worldwide on the issue. The celebration of consists ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44287782 |
Global Money Week During GMW 2015 the theme was, “Save Today, Safe Tomorrow.” and over 5.6 million children & youth took part in the celebrations in 124 countries. In 2016, GMW expanded even further, reaching over 7 million children and young people across 132 countries. An ever increasing number of countries and organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44287782 |
Global Money Week Notable financial institutions have participated in Global Money Week, such as ING Group, NASDAQ OMX Group, VISA, MasterCard and NYSE Euronext as well as stock exchanges in many countries like Belgium, Lithuania, Kenya, Malaysia, Sweden and the UK, to name a few. A full list can be found online. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44287782 |
Workforce casualisation is the process in which employment shifts from a preponderance of full-time and permanent positions to casual and contract positions. In Australia, 35% of all workers are casual or contract employees who are not paid for sick leave or annual leave. In the United Kingdom, 53% of academics teachin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44295664 |
Premio Tiepolo Created in 1996 by the Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Spain (CCIS) the is an award conferred every year to both an Italian and a Spanish personality who have been particularly distinguished for their contribution to the integration and development of the economic-trade relations between Ita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44299304 |
Critical process parameters (CPP) in pharmaceutical manufacturing are key variables affecting the production process. CPPs are attributes that are monitored to detect deviations in standardized production operations and product output quality or changes in Critical Quality Attributes. Those attributes with a higher imp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44355968 |
Donald Cochrane (economist) Donald Cochrane (27 May 1917 – 31 March 1983) was an Australian econometrician. He was a long-time faculty member at the University of Melbourne, and is known for developing the Cochrane–Orcutt estimation procedure. A native of Melbourne, Cochrane graduated from the University of Melbourne i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44378818 |
Socialist calculation debate The socialist calculation debate, sometimes known as the economic calculation debate, was a discourse on the subject of how a socialist economy would perform economic calculation given the absence of the law of value, money, financial prices for capital goods and private ownership of the me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate The debate was popularly viewed as a debate between proponents of capitalism and proponents of socialism, but in reality a significant portion of the debate was between socialists who held differing views regarding the utilization of markets and money in a socialist system and to what degre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels held a broad characterization of socialism, characterized by some form of public or common ownership of the means of production and worker self-management within economic enterprises and where production of economic value for profit would be replaced by an "ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate The key characteristics of this system involved direct worker ownership of the means of production through producer and consumer cooperatives and the achievement of genuinely free markets by removing the distorting effects of private property, inequality arising from private appropriation o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate However, no detailed outlines for decentralized economic planning were proposed by these thinkers at this time. In the early 20th century, Enrico Barone provided a comprehensive theoretical framework for a planned socialist economy. In his model, assuming perfect computation techniques, sim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate In contrast to Neurath, Karl Kautsky argued that money would have to be utilized in a socialist economy. Kautsky states the fundamental difference between socialism and capitalism is not the absence of money in the former; rather, the important difference is in the ability for money to beco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate Caplan argues that socialism makes economic calculation impossible, yet that problem may not be severe enough to make socialism impossible "beyond the realm of possibility". For instance, he points out that the fall of the Soviet Union does not prove that calculation was the main issue ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate In Lange's view, this model qualified as socialist because the means of production would be publicly owned with returns to the public enterprises accruing to society as a whole in a social dividend while worker's self-management could be introduced in the public enterprises. This model came... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate According to Auerbach and Sotiropoulos, Hayek gives an unexpected endorsement to socialism that is more sophisticated than Lange's superficial defense of socialism. Peter Joseph argues for a transition from fragmented economic data relay to fully integrated, sensor-based digital systems. Us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate Mechanisms related networked digital feedback systems make it possible to efficiently monitor shifting consumer preference, demand, supply and labor value, virtually in real time. Moreover, it can also be used to observe other technical processes price cannot, such as shifts in production p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate Individuals would be motivated by the satisfaction from work and the desire to contribute to good economic outcomes rather than material reward. Bids and offer prices would aim to minimize costs and ensure that output is guided by expected final demand for private and collective consumption... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate According to mechanism design theorists, the debate between Hayek and Lange became a stalemate that lasted for forty years because neither side was speaking the same language as the other, partially because the appropriate language for discussing socialist calculation had not yet been inven... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Socialist calculation debate In his book "Whither Socialism?", Joseph Stiglitz criticized models of market socialism from the era of the socialist calculation debate in the 1930s as part of a more general criticism of neoclassical general equilibrium theory, proposing that market models be augmented with insights from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754 |
Certificate of Tax Deposit In the United Kingdom, the (CTD) scheme allows individuals and companies to deposit money with HM Revenue and Customs before tax is due. A "Certificate of Tax Deposit" is issued as a receipt for the money deposited. HMRC pays interest on deposits. The scheme was closed on 23 November 2017. Us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44389810 |
Social purpose corporation A social purpose corporation (SPC) is a type of for-profit entity, a corporation, in some U.S. states that enables, but does not require, considering social or environmental issues in decision making. SPCs are similar to benefit corporations (B corporations) and flexible purpose corporations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44395329 |
Social purpose corporation This example from the "Florida Bar Journal" illustrates this difference between SPCs and benefit corporations: Shareholders, directors, and persons owning more than 5% equity in a Florida SPC may bring lawsuits against a Florida SPC for failure to pursue or create a public benefit, but the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44395329 |
Makers: The New Industrial Revolution is the third book written by Chris Anderson, Editor in chief of "Wired" magazine. The book was published on October 2, 2012, by Crown Business. He is also the author of "The Long Tail", published in 2006. "Makers" focuses on a new industrial revolution as modern entrepreneurs, usin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44405610 |
Economics of digitization The economics of digitization is the field of economics that studies how digitization, digitalisation and digital transformation affects markets and how digital data can be used to study economics. Digitization is the process by which technology lowers the costs of storing, sharing, and analyz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44467356 |
Economics of digitization The Internet is a multi-layered network which is operated by a variety of participants. The Internet has come to mean a combination of standards, networks, and web applications (such as streaming and file-sharing), among other components, that have accumulated around networking technology. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44467356 |
Economics of digitization Furthermore, the availability of broadband may affect other economic outcomes such as the relative wages of skilled and unskilled workers. A key issue in the economics of digitization is the economic value of Internet-based services. The motivation for this question is two-fold. First, economi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44467356 |
Economics of digitization Network effects arise within platforms because participation by one group affects the utility of another group. Many online platforms replicate identical process or algorithms at virtually no cost, allowing them to scale the network effect without encountering diminishing returns. Large scale ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44467356 |
Economics of digitization Digitization has coincided with the production of software and content by users who are not directly compensated for their work. Furthermore, those goods are typically distributed for free on the Internet. Prominent examples of open-source software include the Apache HTTP Server, Mozilla Firef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44467356 |
Economics of digitization Greenstein and Zhu (2012) show that while many Wikipedia articles exhibit slant, the overall level of slant across articles on Wikipedia has diminished over time. Advertising is an important source of revenue for information goods, both online and offline. Given the prevalence of advertising-s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44467356 |
Economics of digitization Initially hypothesized by Bakos (1997), the first wave of this research empirically documented lower prices, but still substantial dispersion. The newest wave of this research collects data about online searches to examine the actual search process that consumers undertake when looking for a p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44467356 |
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