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Revolutionary socialism In order to advance society to socialism from the capitalist 'social form', a social revolution will be necessary: Vladimir Lenin attacked Bernstein's position in his "What Is To Be Done?" When Bernstein first put forward his ideas, the majority of the SPD rejected them. The 1899 Congress of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42549239 |
Revolutionary socialism Many revolutionary socialists argue that the Russian Revolution of October 1917 led by Vladimir Lenin follows the revolutionary socialist model of a revolutionary movement guided by a vangaurd party. By contrast, the October revolution is portrayed as a putsch or coup d'état along the lines of B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42549239 |
Revolutionary socialism The mass of the soldiers began to be led by the Bolshevik party after the July days of 1917 and followed only the orders of the Military Revolutionary Committee under the leadership of Trotsky in October (also termed the Revolutionary Military Committee in Lenin's collected works). Yet Trotsky o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42549239 |
Dealsplus DealsPlus is an online coupon and deal social commerce website. It combines aspects of an online coupon site and user-generated content driven deal focused sites. Like other coupon and deals sites, SEO plays an important role in DealsPlus’ business. Based on an SEO analysis, Priceonomics ranked DealsPlus thir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42566834 |
Basic Rail Transportation Infrastructure Index The (BRTI Index) is a synthetic measure combining rail transportation metrics (existence of modern rail networks and average speed of main inter-urban itineraries) and cost efficiency observations, used as an indicator a country’s relative development in modern land transp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42589818 |
Kakwani index The is a measure of the progressivity of a social intervention, and is used by social scientists, statisticians, and economists. It is named after the economist who first proposed and used it, Nanak Chand Kakwani. The uses the Gini framework to measure how progressive a social intervention is. It is equal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42604171 |
Kakwani index In that situation, the would be equal to the difference between the Gini coefficient for incomes and the Gini concentration index for out‐of‐pocket health care payments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42604171 |
Pulp and paper industry in India The pulp and paper industry in India is one of the major producers of paper in the world, but is outside the top 10. In recent years, India has adopted new manufacturing technology. [{tnpl, located in Chennai,tamilnadu,India}] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42605036 |
Joint hypothesis problem Market efficiency implies that stock prices fully reflect all publicly available information instantaneously; thus no investment strategies can systematically earn abnormal returns. Fama (1991) argued that stock prices respond instantaneously and without bias to their new values based on new, r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42704558 |
BTTC Centre is a Class A 12-story green building located at Ortigas Avenue corner Roosevelt Avenue, Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the first green building in Greenhills, San Juan to receive a Gold pre-certification for Core & Shell under LEED. Developed by Hantex Corporation, it is an office, c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42705189 |
Kuhn's theorem In game theory, relates perfect recall, mixed and unmixed strategies and their expected payoffs. It is named after Harold W. Kuhn. The theorem states that in a game where players may remember all of their previous moves/states of the game available to them, for every mixed strategy there is a behavioral ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42727389 |
Defensive expenditures In environmental accounting, defensive expenditures are expenditures that seek to minimise potential damage to oneself. Examples include defence and insurance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42732578 |
Schengen bond A is a bond denominated in offshore Renminbi, and more specifically refers to bonds listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and issued by a Chinese company. On 8 May 2014, Bank of China Limited, Luxembourg Branch, launched its first offshore-RMB “Schengen” bond, for an amount of RMB 1.5 billion. The trans... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42737726 |
Monopoly price A is set by a seller with market power; that is, a seller who can drive up the price by reducing the quantity he sells, as opposed to "perfect competition", under which sellers simply take the market price as given. The simplest case of market power is a monopoly, a firm that lacks any viable competition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42739265 |
Monopoly price It does this by ensuring the marginal cost (determined by the firm's technical limitations that form its cost structure) is the same as the marginal revenue (as determined by the impact a change in the price of the product will impact the quantity demanded) at the quantity it decides to sell. The margina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42739265 |
Monopoly price Although the term "markup" is sometimes used in economics to refer to difference between a Monopoly Price and the Monopoly's Marginal Cost (MC), the term markup is frequently used in American Accounting and Finance to define the difference between the Price of the Product and its per unit Accounting Cost... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42739265 |
Monopoly price We first depict the basic equation for "Economic Profit", in which the Total Economic Cost varies directly with the quantity produced: This is done by setting the derivative of formula_7 with respect to Q equal to 0, Profit of a firm is given by total revenue (price times quantity sold) minus total cost:... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42739265 |
Monopoly price The Mathematical Profit Maximization Conditions ("First Order Conditions") ensure the price elasticity of demand must be less than negative one; since no "Rational Firm" that attempts to maximize its profit would incur additional Cost (a positive Marginal Cost) in order to Reduce Revenue (when MR < 0). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42739265 |
Jewish Business News is an online newspaper published in English, which primarily covers stories relating to businesses owned, or managed, by Jewish business people around the world, as is implied by the paper’s nameplate. The newspaper launched in February 2013. Its founder, CEO and Editor-in-chief is Sima Ella, who w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42752015 |
Social ownership is any of various forms of ownership for the means of production in socialist economic systems, encompassing state ownership, employee ownership, cooperative ownership, citizen ownership of equity, common ownership and collective ownership. Historically social ownership implied that capital and factor ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership The goal of social ownership is to eliminate the distinction between the class of private owners who are the recipients of passive property income and workers who are the recipients of labor income (wages, salaries and commissions), so that the surplus product (or economic profits in the case of market... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership is variously advocated to end the Marxian concept of exploitation, to ensure that income distribution reflects individual contributions to the social product, to eliminate unemployment arising from technological change, to ensure a more egalitarian distribution of the economy's surplus, or to create th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership For Marx, social ownership would lay the foundations for the transcendence of the capitalist law of value and the accumulation of capital, thereby creating the foundation for socialist planning. The ultimate goal of social ownership of productive property for Marx was to expand the "realm of freedom" b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership Property income (profit, interest and rent) is distinguished from labor income (wages and salaries) which in a socialist system would continue to be unequal based on one's marginal product of laborsocial ownership would only equalize passive property income. Notable non-Marxist and Marxist socialist th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership Therefore, social ownership is seen as a component of the establishment of non-market coordination and alternative "socialist laws of motion" that overcome the systemic issues of capital accumulation. The socialist critique of private ownership is heavily influenced by the Marxian analysis of capitalis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership Yunker argues that because passive property income requires no mental or physical exertion on the part of the recipient and because its appropriation by a small group of private owners is the source of the vast inequalities in contemporary capitalism, this establishes the ethical case for social owners... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership This conception of non-capitalist calculation involved the use of energy and time units, the latter being viewed as the standard cardinal unity of measurement for socialist calculation. These thinkers belonged to a technical school of thought called "scientific utopianism", which is an approach to soci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership "Total socialization" involved not only a form of ownership but also the establishment of economic planning based on calculation in kind, and was contrasted with "partial socialization". "Partial socialization" involved the use of in-kind calculation and planning within a single organization, which ext... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership In this sense, "socialization" often involves both a change in ownership and a change in organizational management, including self-management or some form of workplace democracy in place of a strict hierarchical form of control. More fundamentally, social ownership implies that the surplus product (or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership The second form of social control is worker self-management, where managers are elected by the member-workers of each individual enterprise or enterprises are run according to self-directed work processes. The exact forms of social ownership vary depending on whether or not they are conceptualized as p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership Public ownership was advocated by neoclassical socialist economists during the interwar socialist calculation debate, most notable Oskar Lange, Fred M. Taylor, Abba P. Lerner and Maurice Dobb. Neoclassical market socialist economists in the latter half of the 20th century who advocated public ownership... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership The social ownership of capital and corporate stock has been proposed in the context of a market socialist system, where social ownership is achieved either by having a public body or employee-owned pension funds that own corporate stock. The American economist John Roemer developed a model of market s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership The underlying concept was first expounded upon in 1976 by the management theorist Peter Drucker, who argued that pension funds could reconcile employees' need for financial security with capital's need to be mobile and diversified, referring to this development as "pension fund socialism". In Sweden d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership Cooperatives are often proposed by proponents of market socialism, most notably by the economists Branko Horvat, Jaroslav Vanek and Richard Wolff. Cooperative ownership comes in various forms, ranging from direct workers' ownership, employee stock ownership plans through pension funds, to the weakest v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership In the context of non-market proposals, social ownership can include holding the means of producing wealth in common (common ownership), with the concept of "usership" replacing the concept of ownership. Commons-based peer production involves the distribution of a critical mass of inputs and all output... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Social ownership State enterprises were integrated into a national planning system, where factor inputs were allocated to them by the Ministry for Technical Supply (Gossnab). According to "The Great Soviet Encyclopedia", "socialist ownership" is a form of social ownership that forms the basis for the socialist system, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42823979 |
Marxian economics Marxian economics, or the Marxian school of economics, is a heterodox school of economic thought. Its foundations can be traced back to the critique of classical political economy in the research by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. comprises several different theories and includes multiple schools of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics Although the Marxian school is considered heterodox, ideas that have come out of have contributed to mainstream understanding of the global economy. Certain concepts developed in Marxian economics, especially those related to capital accumulation and the business cycle, have been fitted for use in cap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics Although Smith generally said little about laborers, he did note that an increased division of labor could at some point cause harm to those whose jobs became narrower and narrower as the division of labor expanded. Smith maintained that a "laissez-faire" economy would naturally correct itself over ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics Whereas Malthus presented an ahistorical theory of population growth, Marx offered a theory of how a relative surplus population in capitalism tended to push wages to subsistence levels. Marx saw this relative surplus population as coming from economic causes and not from biological causes (as in Malt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics Marx employed a labour theory of value, which holds that the value of a commodity is the socially necessary labour time invested in it. In this model, capitalists do not pay workers the full value of the commodities they produce; rather, they compensate the worker for the necessary labor only (the wor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics To resolve the bourgeois contradiction between the ownership of the means of production and the "social act" of production itself, Marx proposed socialization of the means of production. To remove the "disturbances" of capitalist economy, Marx postulated "rational management" of the economy, which wou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics This corresponds to Hegel's critique of Kant's transcendental philosophy. Marx regarded history as having passed through several stages. The details of his periodisation vary somewhat through his works, but it essentially is: Primitive Communism – Slave societies – Feudalism – Capitalism – Socialism –... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics Marx argued that if value is a property common to all commodities, then whatever it is derived from, whatever determines it, must be common to all commodities. The only relevant thing that is, in Marx's view, common to all commodities is human labour: they are all produced by human labour. Marx conclu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics ) Marx's contention was that commodities tend, at a fairly general level of abstraction, to exchange at value; that is, if Commodity A, whose value is "V", is traded for Commodity B, it will tend to fetch an amount of Commodity B whose value is the same, "V". Particular circumstances will cause diverg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics According to Marx, the amount of actual product (i.e. use-value) that a typical worker produces in a given amount of time is the productivity of labour. It has tended to increase under capitalism. This is due to increase in the scale of enterprise, to specialisation of labour, and to the introduction ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics The Marxian value theory and the Perron-Frobenius theorem on the positive eigenvector of a positive matrix are fundamental to mathematical treatments of Marxian economics. The Universities offering one or more courses in Marxian economics, or teach one or more economics courses on other topics from a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics Once these alleged errors are corrected, his conclusion that aggregate price and profit are determined by, and equal to, aggregate value and surplus value no longer holds true. This result calls into question his theory that the exploitation of workers is the sole source of profit. Whether the rate of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics In a recent survey of the debate, a proponent of the TSSI concludes that "the "proofs" of inconsistency are no longer defended; the entire case against Marx has been reduced to the "interpretive" issue." Large part of the criticism of the comes from contradictions observed in countries declaring alleg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Marxian economics " "Economists working in the Marxian-Sraffian tradition represent a small minority of modern economists, and that their writings have virtually no impact upon the professional work of most economists in major English-language universities", according to George Stigler. The terms "Neo-Marxian", "Post-M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42824033 |
Omnibus Customer Securities Accounts An Omnibus Customer Securities Account is a securities account used by a brokerage firm or its affiliated clearing firm in order to maintain appropriate custody of underlying securities for the purpose of satisfying the custody obligations of the broker-dealer towards its customers.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42827453 |
Low Carbon Vehicle Event The (LCV), is United Kingdom's premier low carbon vehicle event. It is held annually since 2008 at Millbrook Proving Ground at the beginning of September. The show consists of a technological exhibition, seminars sessions and Ride & Drive (of latest research and development and commercial avail... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42828392 |
Rent-gap theory The rent-gap theory was developed in 1979 by the geographer Neil Smith as an economic explanation for the process of gentrification. It describes the disparity between the current rental income of a property and the potentially achievable rental income. Only from this difference arises the interest of i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42914330 |
Dispatched labor refers to an atypical employment relationship. Dispatch work agencies receive requests from businesses to have them hire and manage labor on the business' behalf. This type of labor is known as "dispatched labor". There is in fact no direct contract between dispatched laborers and the enterprise which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42953849 |
Dispatched labor According to statistics from NAPEO, the growth of labor dispatching in the US keeps to roughly 20% per year. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Belgium, France, UK, the Netherlands, Norway and America already had the service of labor dispatching, and most well-established dispatched work agencies were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42953849 |
Dispatched labor The Ministry of Labor started to formulate a chain of detailed bylaws and executive orders, and entered the era of legal labor dispatching in 1, July, 1986. According to the labors of personnel supply services research conducted in 1996, almost 9 out of 10 laborers were hired by dispatched work agencie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42953849 |
Dispatched labor 181), which had two key corrections: First, corrected the Convention Concerning Fee-Charging Employment Agencies(NO. 96). The activities of private employment agencies were not confined to placement services and job placement anymore but the employer could provide laborers to third parties. Second, urg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42953849 |
Dispatched labor The period of a labor contract is usually the same as with dispatched contracts, so when the dispatched contracts expire, the labor contracts do, too. Dispatched workers will go back to the status of registered. (1) Non-profit labor dispatched: Employees works for their employers, but at some special s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42953849 |
Dispatched labor Labour dispatch is highly relied upon in China to staff companies, both domestic and foreigninvested. Under a typical labour dispatch arrangement, a dispatch agency enters into an employment contract with an employee and then enters into a dispatch agreement with a host employer, pursuant to which the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42953849 |
McCormick v Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP In 1979, McCormick became an equity partner at the law firm Fasken Martineau. Subsequently, in the 1980s, the equity partners voted to adopt a provision in their Partnership Agreement that required equity partners to retire as equity partners and divest their ownership shares a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42974596 |
McCormick v Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP Abella J, however, began her opinion with this observation: While different lists of factors have been employed by Canadian tribunals and courts to determine whether an employment relationship exists, "the consistent animating themes are control and dependency." In that regard:... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42974596 |
McCormick v Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP Wells": The result in "McCormick" was case-specific, in that BC's "Code" was more restricted in scope compared to other jurisdictions such as Ontario's. However, the SCC's endorsement of a control/dependency test for determining partnership and employment relationships, togethe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42974596 |
International Association for Feminist Economics The (IAFFE) is a non-profit international association dedicated to raising awareness and inquiry of feminist economics. It has approximately six hundred members in sixty-four countries. The association publishes a quarterly journal entitled "Feminist Economics". Since 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42985480 |
International Association for Feminist Economics 5 million in 2010 from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), to continue their work, including the publication of special issues of "Feminist Economics". Since then the association has gone on to number six hundred members in sixty-four countries. At the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42985480 |
International Association for Feminist Economics The "Out of the Margins" conference resulted in a network of contacts being formed, one of these networks gradually became the Australian and New Zealand Association for Feminist Economics (ANZAFFE), a chapter of IAFFE. The chapter includes a small feminist economics gro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42985480 |
Edith Kuiper (born 1960) is the assistant professor of economics at State University of New York at New Paltz, and she was the president of the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) from 2006 to 2007. In 1993 Kuiper organized a conference in Amsterdam called, "Out of the Margins: feminist perspective... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42991413 |
Rhonda Sharp Rhonda Dawn Sharp (born 1953), AM is an adjunct professor of economics at the University of South Australia and project team leader and chief researcher of the university's Hawke Research Institute and Research Centre for Gender Studies. In 2007 Sharp was an advisor to the UN Women's Expert Group Meeting (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42991555 |
Lehigh Valley Railroad Engine House, White Haven The Lehigh Valley Railroad Engine House is a former railroad repair shop, or "engine house" at 99 Towanda Street, White Haven, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1889 as a more permanent structure for the repair shop belonging to the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and now se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42993790 |
Thomas M. Humphrey Thomas MacGillivray Humphrey (1935- ) is an American economist. Until 2005 he was a research advisor and senior economist in the research department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and editor of the Bank's flagship publication, the "Economic Quarterly". His publications cover macroeconomics, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43013460 |
Thomas M. Humphrey His first four books on the history of monetary thought were: "The Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and World Inflation" (co-author Robert Keleher); "Money, Banking and Inflation: Essays in the History of Monetary Thought"; "Money, Exchange and Production: Further Essays ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43013460 |
Thomas M. Humphrey Humphrey's works on monetary theory are cited in David Laidler's book "Fabricating the Keynesian Revolution: Studies of the Inter-War Literature on Money, the Cycle, and Unemployment". In November 2001 he was invited to participate in the 22nd Arne Ryde Symposium, "The Knut Wicksell Centennial Sympos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43013460 |
Thomas M. Humphrey 751 "Arresting Financial Crises: The Fed Versus the Classicals" for the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, an essay which was subsequently presented at the 2013 Annual Meeting in Philadelphia of the American Economics Association. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43013460 |
Lords of the Rim is a book written by American historian Sterling Seagrave. It was first published in 1995, then substantially updated in a second edition published in 2010. It is a history of Chinese expatriate economics written for the lay person and has received mainly positive reviews. Presenting an in-depth overvi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43068690 |
Market socialism is a type of economic system involving the public, cooperative or social ownership of the means of production in the framework of a market economy. differs from non-market socialism in that the market mechanism is utilized for the allocation of capital goods and the means of production. Depending on th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Contemporary market socialism emerged from the debate on socialist calculation during the early-to-mid 20th century among socialist economists who believed that a socialist economy could neither function on the basis of calculation in natural units nor through solving a system of simultaneous equations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism In more recent models proposed by American neoclassical economists, public ownership of the means of production is achieved through public ownership of equity and social control of investment. The key theoretical basis for market socialism is the negation of the underlying expropriation of surplus valu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Nonetheless, some of his views on the idea of flat taxation remained, albeit altered in the third edition of the "Principles of Political Economy" to reflect a concern for differentiating restrictions on unearned incomes which he favoured; and those on earned incomes, which he did not favour. Mill's "P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Pierre-Joseph Proudhon developed a theoretical system called mutualism which attacks the legitimacy of existing property rights, subsidies, corporations, banking and rent. Proudhon envisioned a decentralized market where people would enter the market with equal power, negating wage slavery. Proponents ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Therefore, "[h]e proposed a system to pay people with certificates indicating how many hours of work they did. They could exchange the notes at local time stores for goods that took the same amount of time to produce". He put his theories to the test by establishing an experimental "labor for labor sto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Left-wing market anarchism is a modern branch of free-market anarchism that is based on a revival of such market socialist theories. Beginning in the early 20th century, neoclassical economic theory provided the theoretical basis for more comprehensive models of market socialism. Early neoclassical mod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Raising the prices would encourage businesses to increase production, driven by their desire to increase their profits, and in doing so eliminate the shortage. Lowering the prices would encourage businesses to curtail production to prevent losses, which would eliminate the surplus. Therefore, it would ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Dickinson (1939) adopted the Lange-Taylor proposal to simulate markets through trial and error. The Lange–Dickinson version of market socialism kept capital investment out of the market. Lange (1926 p65) insisted that a central planning board would have to set capital accumulation rates arbitrarily. La... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism In this stock market, there is no buying or selling of stocks, which leads to negative externalities associated with a concentration of capital ownership. The Bardhan and Roemer model satisfied the main requirements of both socialism (workers own all the factors of production, not just labour) and mark... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism How they would interact with one another and with consumers was left open to democratic social decisions and could entail markets or planning, or likely mixtures of both. Another form of market socialism has been promoted by critics of central planning and generally of neoclassical general equilibrium ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Simon characterized pension fund socialism as "a form of market socialism", concluding that it was promising but perhaps with prospects more limited than those envisioned by its enthusiasts. The economy of Cuba under the rule of Raúl Castro has been described as attempting market socialist reforms. Sim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Historically, these kinds of market socialist systems attempt to retain state ownership of the commanding heights of the economy such as heavy industry, energy and infrastructure while introducing decentralised decision making and giving local managers more freedom to make decisions and respond to mark... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Although similar in name, market socialism differs markedly from the socialist market economy and socialist-oriented market economy models practiced in the contemporary People's Republic of China and Socialist Republic of Vietnam, respectively. Officially these economic systems represent market economi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism The market is the arbitrator for most economic activity, with economic planning being relegated to macro-economic government indicative planning that does not encompass the microeconomic decision-making that is left to the individual organizations and state-owned enterprises. This model includes a sign... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism This economic model is defended from a Marxist–Leninist perspective which states that a planned socialist economy can only emerge after first developing the basis for socialism through the establishment of a market economy and commodity-exchange economy; and that socialism would only emerge after this ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism The two influenced each other: they met in Paris while Marx was exiled there. Their friendship finally ended when Marx responded to Proudhon's "The Philosophy of Poverty" with the provocatively titled "The Poverty of Philosophy". The dispute became one of the sources of the split between the anarchist ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism I think that all these manifestations of human activity should remain free and voluntary for all: I ask for them no modifications, restrictions or suppressions, other than those which result naturally and of necessity from the universalization of the principle of reciprocity which I propose". Insofar a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism While not against the market and property he was firmly against capitalism as it was, in his eyes, a state-supported monopoly of social capital (tools, machinery, etc.) which allows owners to exploit their employees, i.e. to avoid paying workers the full value of their labour. He thought that the "labo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Here, gift and barter – one product for another; there, exchange – product for representative value. Here, the producer is the owner of the product, there, the product is put to the possession of the collectivity". The Spanish individualist anarchist Miguel Gimenez Igualada thought that "capitalism is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism ] The priority which without rest an anarchist must make is that in which no one has to exploit anyone, no man to no man, since that non-exploitation will lead to the limitation of property to individual needs". Left-wing market anarchism is a form of left-libertarianism and individualist anarchism ass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Carson–Long-style left-libertarianism is rooted in 19th-century mutualism and in the work of figures such as Thomas Hodgskin and the American individualist anarchists Benjamin Tucker and Lysander Spooner. While with notable exceptions market-oriented libertarians after Tucker tended to ally with the po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Market socialism Market abolitionists such as David McNally argue in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the market inherently produces inequitable outcomes and leads to unequal exchanges, arguing that Adam Smith's moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange was undermined by the practice of the free... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069481 |
Socialist economics comprises the economic theories, practices and norms of hypothetical and existing socialist economic systems. A socialist economic system is characterized by social ownership and operation of the means of production that may take the form of autonomous cooperatives or direct public ownership wherein... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069513 |
Socialist economics 19th-century American individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker, who connected the classical economics of Adam Smith and the Ricardian socialists as well as that of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Karl Marx and Josiah Warren to socialism, held that there were two schools of socialist thought, namely anarchist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069513 |
Socialist economics Capitalism appeared in mature form as a result of the problems raised when an industrial factory system requiring long-term investment and entailing corresponding risks was introduced into an internationalized commercial (mercantilist) framework. Historically speaking, the most pressing needs of thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069513 |
Socialist economics Later, a full socialist program developed, arguing for systemic transformation. Its theorists believed that even if markets and private property could be tamed so as not to be excessively "exploitative", or crises could be effectively mitigated, capitalist social relations would remain significantly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43069513 |
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