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List of fascist movements This act impressed upon the German occupying forces, including Adolf Eichmann, that as long as Hungary continued to be governed by Horthy, no real "Endlösung" could begin. Following Horthy's attempt to have Hungary jump out of the war on October 15, Szálasi, with German military support, launc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements There were also the National Syndicalists, also called the "Blue Shirts" ("camisas azuis"), who were active briefly between 1932 and 1934, following the tradition of uniformed right-wing paramilitary groups, they were an organisation advocating syndicalism and unionism, inspired by Benito Muss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements Historian Jonathan Petropoulos says that Portugal was neutral during World War II but that it was like Switzerland, Spain and Sweden in that Portugal "occupied a gray area on the continuum between black complicity with the Third Reich and white resistance to the Nazi regime." The regime distan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements However, the extremely violent nature of the movement made it difficult for the Iron Guard to attract conservatives and middle class people, and as a result, the movement could never be as successful as the Nazi Party. The Antonescu regime that followed had elements of fascism, but it lacked a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements After the 1936 arrest and execution of its founder, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, during the Spanish Civil War, the fascist Falange Española Party was allied to and ultimately came to be dominated by Generalísimo Francisco Franco, who became known as "El Caudillo", the undisputed leader of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements Following the dismissal of the Lang government in 1932, the New Guard lost much of its momentum and officially disbanded in 1935. Another Fascist movement was the short-lived anti-semitic, anti-Communist and Nazi-inspired Australia First Movement founded by Percy "Inky" Stephenson. . The organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements Campbell who ran and won under the fascist Unity Party of Alberta for Lethbridge in a 1937 Alberta Provincial By-Election. In 1940, all fascist parties were banned under Canada's War Measures Act. The Rexist movement and the Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond party achieved some electoral success in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements O’Duffy planned a parade in Dublin in 1933, and the government, fearing a coup, banned the organization. The organization began to decline soon after. Blueshirts under O’Duffy's leadership later fought for Franco during the Nationalist uprising in Spain. A reactionary nationalist movement call... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements On 14 December 1931 Anton Mussert and Cornelis van Geelkerken founded the "Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland" (NSB), the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands. It started as a fascist movement, Italian style, but at the same time its ideology was based on Hitlers NSDAP. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements After the German invasion in May 1940, the number of members rose from 4,000 to 12,000. The Germans prohibited "Zwart Front" in December 1941. Other, smaller, fascist and Nazi parties were: "Verbond van Nationalisten" (Union of Nationalists, 1928–1934), the "Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlands... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements The party is still active today, although it has abandoned the Falangist and Fascist ideology in place of Phoenicianism, social Conservatism, Republicanism, and anti-Islam. The "Sveriges Fascistiska Folkparti" ("SFF"; "Fascist People's Party of Sweden") was founded in 1926. Major figures of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements The relative stability of democratic institutions, the long-time assimilation of Jews, and the lack of a strong, threatening Communist movement, had made it difficult for fascism to succeed in Britain. Louisiana governor and politician Huey Long built a powerful state machine and at the time o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
List of fascist movements Some groups, like the ones in Croatia, Austria, Belgium, and Slovakia, had its roots in reactionary and populist Catholicism. The Iron Guard also had strong religious influences and was defined, by its leaders, as more of a religious order than a political party. Fascist leaders like Francisco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843627 |
Internal Revenue Code section 3401 Section 3401 () of the Internal Revenue Code of the United States of America gives the definitions pertaining to Wage Withholding. These definitions provide guidelines to help IRS employees and Taxpayers in understanding the Internal Revenue Code. IRS regulation 3401 defines the terms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4843896 |
Comparative economic systems Comparative Economic Systems is the sub-field of economics dealing with the comparative study of different systems of economic organization, such as capitalism, socialism, feudalism and the mixed economy. It is widely held have been founded by the economist Calvin Bryce Hoover. Comparative ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4849238 |
Comparative economic systems Ethics, politics and culture play important roles in determining the performance of systems. Common cultures may prohibit or restrict individual's satisfaction, ultimately changing the rule of the economic game while on the other hand, competitive societies may abuse of the economic system ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4849238 |
Comparative economic systems Systems can be measured relative to the achievement of the rivals and normative assessments can be done based on statistics of the living standard, the gap of income and wealth distribution and the level of unemployment The modeling of comparative economic is strongly affected by the percep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4849238 |
Comparative economic systems However, having a small army force and a lack of military weapons put an end to the success that was previously within their grasp during the first period of the war. Economic Systems' fundamentals changed drastically during the second period of the war. Military forces grew to be of more i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4849238 |
Mainstream economics is the body of knowledge, theories, and models of economics, as taught by universities worldwide, that are generally accepted by economists as a basis for discussion. Also known as orthodox economics, it can be contrasted to heterodox economics, which encompasses various schools or approaches that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4852076 |
Mainstream economics Many of the proponents of this radically new approach to macroeconomics were associated with Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Chicago, the University of Rochester and the University of Minnesota. They were referred to as the "freshwater school" since Pittsburgh, Chicago, Rochester, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4852076 |
Mainstream economics With the development of modern economics, conventionally given as the late 18th-century "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith, British economics developed and became dominated by what is now called the classical school. From "The Wealth of Nations" until the Great Depression, the dominant school wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4852076 |
Mainstream economics Since 2007, the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and the ensuing global economic crisis has publicly exposed divisions within economics and spurred discussion. The term "mainstream economics" came into use in the late 20th century. It appeared in 2001 edition of the seminal textbook "Economics" by Sam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4852076 |
Mainstream economics Originally, the starting point of orthodox economic analysis was the individual. Individuals and firms were generally defined as units with a common goal: maximisation through rational behaviour. The only differences consisted of: From this (descriptive) theoretical framework, neoclassical economis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4852076 |
Mainstream economics Geoffrey Hodgson has considered the possibility that evolutionary economics and institutional economics may eventually become a new mainstream. Additionally, some economic fields include elements of both mainstream economics and heterodox economics: for example, the Austrian economics, institutiona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4852076 |
Mainstream economics Since the financial crisis of 2007–2010, considerable conflict has arisen, among both economic theorists and a wider cross-section of the public, regarding the status and future of short-term macroeconomics which was confused with the entire mainstream economics. Some critics have argued that poten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4852076 |
Single-equation methods (econometrics) A variety of methods are used in econometrics to estimate models consisting of a single equation. The oldest and still the most commonly used is the ordinary least squares method used to estimate linear regressions. A variety of methods are available to estimate non-linear models.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4858526 |
Turbo (finance) A rolling turbo is a financial derivative popular in Germany introduced by Goldman Sachs in 2004. It is tradable by institutional and private investors and has characteristics similar to contracts for difference and covered warrants. The most important characteristic of a rolling turbo is the strict con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4861739 |
Budget theory is the academic study of political and social motivations behind government and civil society budgeting. Classic theorists in Public Budgeting include Henry Adams, William F. Willoughby, V. O. Key, Jr., and, more recently, Aaron Wildavsky. Notable recent theorists include Baumgartner and Jones--Frank R. B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4866560 |
Budget theory Constitutional economics is a field of economics and constitutionalism which describes and analyzes the specific interrelationships between constitutional issues and functioning of the economy including budget process. The standards of constitutional economics when used during annual budget planning, as w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4866560 |
Budget theory Buchanan believes that a constitution, intended for use by at least several generations of citizens, must be able to adjust itself for pragmatic economic decisions and to balance interests of the state and society against those of individuals and their constitutional rights to personal freedom and private... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4866560 |
Budget theory It is important to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges – being the most dangerous), and the private. The state corruption of the judiciary makes it almost impossible for any business to optimally facilitate the growt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4866560 |
Principal trade A principal trade occurs when a brokerage house buys securities on the secondary market with the express strategy to hold long enough for a price appreciation. At that point the broker sells retails to the end use and gains appreciation plus commission. Brokers are required to notify when they provide a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4870643 |
Statutory holdback or contract holdback is the legal requirement found in most common law jurisdictions' contract law that requires an owner engaging a contractor to hold a particular percentage of payment for a stipulated length of time. This is done to ensure that any and all parties working on a contract are paid. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4878114 |
Statutory holdback The finishing holdback is 10% of the value of work still left to be completed after substantial completion of the project, and is released only after 45 days from completion of the project. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4878114 |
Dominant logic relates to the main means a company uses to make a profit. In essence, it is an interpretation of how a company has succeeded. It describes the cultural norms and beliefs that the company espouses. can be useful when applied to corporate diversification. In this sense, dominant logic is a common way of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4879486 |
Non-qualified stock option Non-qualified stock options (typically abbreviated NSO or NQSO) are stock options which do not qualify for the special treatment accorded to incentive stock options. Incentive stock options are only available for employees and other restrictions apply for them. For regular tax purposes, incen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4882106 |
Adam Smith Professor of Political Economy The Adam Smith Chair of Political Economy is a chair at the University of Glasgow, named for Adam Smith, pioneering economist, author of "The Wealth of Nations", and one of the university's most famous sons. It was established in 1896 from a lectureship which had been endowed i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4896075 |
Adam Smith Professor of Political Economy Originally from Northern Ireland, Wilson had studied at Queen's University Belfast and the London School of Economics, and worked during the War in the Ministries of Economic Warfare and Aircraft Production and the Prime Minister's Statistical Branch, being appointed an OBE in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4896075 |
Adam Smith Professor of Political Economy In 1867, he and his brother, James, formed a partnership, A & J Stewart, which went on to become Stewarts & Lloyds, one of the largest steel tube-manufacturers in the country. In 1896, he made a gift to the University of Glasgow to establish the Adam Smith Chair in Political Ec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4896075 |
Songun (선군) is the "military first" policy of North Korea, prioritizing the Korean People's Army in the affairs of state and allocation of resources. "Military first" as a principle guides political and economic life in North Korea, with "military-first politics" dominating the political system; "a line of military-fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Songun 25 August is now a national holiday, the Day of "Songun". "Songun" did not appear as an official government policy until after Kim Il-sung's death in 1994. In 1995, "military first" policies were introduced as "a revolutionary idea of attaching great importance to the army" and as "a politics emphasizing the per... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Songun "Songun" became an even more prominent concept in January 1999, making its first appearance in the important New Year's Day editorial published jointly by all the major news organs of North Korea. The editorial tied "Songun" with Kim Jong-il by declaring that he practiced military-first leadership, which is "one... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Songun "Songun" has continued to expand in importance and is even now included in the ideological discussion of reunification with South Korea. The North Korean press stated: "["S"]"ongun" politics is the guarantee that will secure the re-unification of the Fatherland". North Korea also credits "Songun" with safeguardi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Songun According to author Suki Kim, based on her memoir of her time teaching at Pyongyang University of Science and Technology, there are twelve "Wonders of Songun": #1 is the sunrise at Mount Paektu (the alleged birthplace of Kim Jong-il); #2 are the winter pine trees at the Dabaksol guard post (where it is said Kim ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Songun A thirteenth "wonder" is reported to have been created in 2016. The first nine of these sites have been heavily promoted by North Korean authorities and have become tourist destinations. The "Songun" ideology is derived from the four military lines policy implemented by Kim Il-sung in 1962. The doctrine aim was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Songun The second strand focuses on internal North Korean politics as the cause for the move to military first politics. When Kim Il-sung died, he left leadership of North Korea to his son, Kim Jong-il. At the time of his father's death, the most important position held by Kim Jong-il in the North Korean government was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Songun "Songun" politics have also thrived on the ongoing nuclear crisis. For the United States, given that its primary concern is the denuclearisation of the peninsula, the concept of military-first politics and ideology is a troubling one. "Songun" also seems to fit very well with the possession of nuclear weapons an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Songun Sergey Kurbanov, head of the Institute of Korean Studies of the University of Saint Petersburg, described in his "Daily NK" interview how the members of the "nouveau riche" in North Korea support the military-first politics in order to secure their wealth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4897163 |
Proxy (statistics) In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable. In order for a variable to be a good proxy, it must have a close correlation, not necessarily linear, with the variable of interest. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4900209 |
Proxy (statistics) Frost lists several examples of proxy variables: Widths of tree rings: proxy for historical environmental conditions; Per-capita GDP: proxy for quality of life; Body Mass Index (BMI): proxy for true body fat percentage; years of education and/or GPA: proxy for cognitive ability; satellite images of o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4900209 |
Discrete choice In economics, discrete choice models, or qualitative choice models, describe, explain, and predict choices between two or more discrete alternatives, such as entering or not entering the labor market, or choosing between modes of transport. Such choices contrast with standard consumption models in which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice , the choice of which car to buy, where to go to college, which mode of transport (car, bus, rail) to take to work among numerous other applications. models are also used to examine choices by organizations, such as firms or government agencies. In the discussion below, the decision-making unit is assum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice In practice, we cannot know all factors affecting individual choice decisions as their determinants are partially observed or imperfectly measured. Therefore, discrete choice models rely on stochastic assumptions and specifications to account for unobserved factors related to a) choice alternatives, b) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice Note that the alternative “other” is included in order to make the choice set exhaustive. Different people may have different choice sets, depending on their circumstances. For instance, the Scion automobile was not sold in Canada as of 2009, so new car buyers in Canada faced different choice sets from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice The behavior of the person is utility-maximizing: person n chooses the alternative that provides the highest utility. The choice of the person is designated by dummy variables, "y", for each alternative: Consider now the researcher who is examining the choice. The person's choice depends on many factors... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice Since utility has no units, it is necessary to normalize the scale of utilities. The scale of utility is often defined by the variance of the error term in discrete choice models. This variance may differ depending on the characteristics of the dataset, such as when or where the data are collected. Norm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice "U" is the utility person "n" obtains from choosing alternative "i". The utility of each alternative depends on the attributes of the alternatives interacted perhaps with the attributes of the person. The unobserved terms are assumed to have an extreme value distribution. We can relate this specificatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice A standard logit model is not always suitable, since it assumes that there is no correlation in unobserved factors over alternatives. This lack of correlation translates into a particular pattern of substitution among alternatives that might not always be realistic in a given situation. This pattern of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice First, the model allows "β" to be random in addition to "ε". The randomness in "β" accommodates random taste variation over people and correlation across alternatives that generates flexible substitution patterns. Second, the advent in simulation has made approximation of the model fairly easy. In addit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice Or, in a survey, a respondent might be asked: The models described above can be adapted to account for rankings beyond the first choice. The most prominent model for rankings data is the exploded logit and its mixed version. Under the same assumptions as for a standard logit (model F), the probability f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice This model is also known in econometrics as the "rank ordered logit model" and it was introduced in that field by Beggs, Cardell and Hausman in 1981. One application is the Combes et al. paper explaining the ranking of candidates to become professor. It is also known as Plackett–Luce model in biomedical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Discrete choice When there are only two possible responses, the ordered logit is the same a binary logit (model A), with one cut-off point normalized to zero. The description of the model is the same as model K, except the unobserved terms have normal distribution instead of logistic. The choice probabilities are (form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4902101 |
Mexican unidad de inversión The (ISO 4217 code MXV) is an index unit of funds used in Mexico. It can be traded in many currency markets because its value changes with respect to currencies. Unlike currencies, it is designed to retain its purchasing power and not be subject to inflation. The Mexican credit system (espec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4904110 |
Affonso Celso Pastore (born 19 June 1938 ) is a Brazilian economist and former president of the Brazilian Central Bank (1983-1985), having also been Secretary of the São Paulo Treasury Department. He serves as Latin Source's economist in Brazil and is President and Founder of A.C. Pastore & Associados, an economic cons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4907168 |
Truncated regression model Truncated regression models are a class of models in which the sample has been truncated for certain ranges of the dependent variable. That means observations with values in the dependent variable below or above certain thresholds are systematically excluded from the sample. Therefore, whole ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4907619 |
Censored regression model Censored regression models are a class of models in which the dependent variable is censored above or below a certain threshold. A commonly used likelihood-based model to accommodate to a censored sample is the Tobit model, but quantile and nonparametric estimators have also been developed. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4907628 |
Trainee A trainee is commonly known as an individual taking part in a trainee program or a graduate program within a company after having graduated from university or college. A trainee is an official employee of the firm that is being trained to the job they were originally hired for. Literally, a trainee is an employ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4914567 |
Monetary overhang is a phenomenon in which people have money holdings because of a lack of ability to spend them. This is a phenomenon often present with repressed inflation and was common in centrally planned economies like the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union experienced monetary overhang from the mid-1980s onwards. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4915964 |
Consignment stock is stock legally owned by one party, but held by another, meaning that the risk and rewards regarding to the said stock remains with the first party while the second party is responsible for distribution or retail operations. Ownership of consignment stock is passed only when the stock is used (issued... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4916121 |
Consignment stock Only after a customer actually uses the consignment stock may an accounts receivables be created. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4916121 |
The Accursed Share The Accursed Share: An Essay on General Economy () is a 1949 book about political economy by the French intellectual Georges Bataille, in which the author presents a new economic theory which he calls "general economy". The work comprises Volume I: "Consumption", Volume II: "The History of Eroticism"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4917441 |
The Accursed Share Bataille's inquiry takes the superabundance of energy, beginning from the outpouring of solar energy or the surpluses produced by life's basic chemical reactions, as the norm for organisms. In other words, an organism in Bataille's general economy, unlike the rational actors of classical economy who ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4917441 |
The Accursed Share Volume II: "The History of Eroticism", and Volume III: "Sovereignty", were originally published as volume 8 of Bataille's "Oeuvres Complètes" by Éditions Gallimard in 1976. In 1988, Zone Books published the book in an English translation by Robert Hurley. "The Accursed Share" influenced French philos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4917441 |
The Accursed Share Nehamas found much of the book "profound and scintillating" and described Bataille's prose as "always elegant, even at its most abstract and theoretical", but nevertheless concluded that Bataille's views were "too obscure and speculative", and that the work was worth reading "only if the reading is s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4917441 |
The Accursed Share " The philosopher Joo Heung Lee noted that Bataille considered "The Accursed Share" his most important work; Lee described the book as Bataille's "most systematic account of the social and economic implications of expenditure." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4917441 |
Null move In game theory, a null move or pass is a decision by a player to not make a move when it is that player's turn to move. Even though null moves are against the rules of many games, they are often useful to consider when analyzing these games. Examples of this include the analysis of zugzwang (a situation in ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4927933 |
Null move In the case of the player on move being in zugswang, that assumption is false, and the null move result is invalid (in that case, it actually sets a ceiling on the value of the position). Therefore it is necessary to have logic to exclude null moves at nodes in the tree where zugswang is possible. In chess, z... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4927933 |
Undervalued stock An undervalued stock is defined as a stock that is selling at a price significantly below what is assumed to be its intrinsic value. For example, if a stock is selling for $50, but it is worth $100 based on predictable future cash flows, then it is an undervalued stock. Numerous popular books discuss ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4938849 |
Undervalued stock Buffett stated that he is interested in predictable businesses and he uses the interest rate on the 10-year treasury bond in his calculations. Therefore, an investor has to be fairly certain that a company will be profitable in the future in order to consider it to be undervalued. For example, if a ri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4938849 |
Chief economist is a single-position job class having primary responsibility for the development, coordination, and production of economic and financial analysis. It is distinguished from the other economist positions by the broader scope of responsibility encompassing the planning, supervision, and coordination of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4941177 |
Chief economist In Kenya, , the role of chief economist was expressed as "Chief Economist/Statistician" and resided in the Ministry of Planning and National Development, one responsibility of which was to lead "a planning department or the Central Bureau of Statistics". In the United States government, there are severa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4941177 |
Penny capitalism The term penny capitalism was first used in 1953 to describe indigenous economies in which there is land tenure over tiny plots of land, where farmers produce crop surplus and engage in small-scale trading. Microfinance evolved in penny capitalist economies. Sol Tax published a book entitled "Penny Cap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4948079 |
Capper–Volstead Act (P.L. 67-146), the Co-operative Marketing Associations Act (7 U.S.C. 291, 292) was adopted by the United States Congress on February 18, 1922. It gave “associations” of persons producing agricultural products certain exemptions from antitrust laws. It is sometimes called the Magna Carta of cooperati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4948556 |
Cost competitiveness of fuel sources The is a measure of whether or not particular fuel sources are cost competitive in the energy market, and is a primary factor in determining if a fuel source will be utilized. If a fuel source can be produced and sold lower than the price crude oil is being traded at, including taxe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4949083 |
British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission The BVI Financial Services Commission is an autonomous regulatory authority responsible for the regulation, supervision and inspection of all the British Virgin Islands financial services including insurance, banking, trustee business, company management, mutual fund... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4954637 |
British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission The Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer of the Financial Services Commission is Robert Mathavious, who has held that position since the formation of the Commission. Prior to that Mr Mathavious worked for 25 years as a civil servant. In 2013 he received an honor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4954637 |
Natural economy - is a type of economy in which money is not used in the transfer of resources among people. It is a system of allocating resources through direct bartering, entitlement by law, or sharing out according to traditional custom. In the more complex forms of natural economy, some goods may act as a referent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4956120 |
Cameralism (German: "Kameralismus") was a German science of administration in the 18th and early 19th centuries that aimed at strong management of a centralized economy for mainly the state's benefit. The discipline in its most narrow definition concerned the management of the state's finances. According to David F. Li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4957025 |
Cameralism "" This further shaped cameralism as a wide discipline aimed at creating an overview of knowledge needed by an enlightened administrator. It also illustrates that practitioners of cameralism were a heterogeneous group that not only served the interest of the state but also that of the growing cadres of acade... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4957025 |
Cameralism Throughout the 18th and the first half of the 19th century cameralist science was influential in Northern European states, for example Prussia and Sweden, and its academics and practitioners were pioneers in oeconomic, environmental and administrative knowledge and technology, for example cameralistic accoun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4957025 |
Cameralism Cameralist teachings departed from the traditional legal and experience-based education usually given to civil servants and focused on a broad overview of classical philosophy, natural sciences and economic practices such as husbandry, farming, mining and accounting. However, provision of a cameralist educat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4957025 |
Cameralism in this sense fostered a cadre of naturalists and administrators serving as experts engaging in oeconomic activity, that were not necessarily administrative officials, although, associated with the state and utilising the well developed administration. In Sweden, this is exemplified by the botanist Carl Linn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4957025 |
Cameralism However, the work of Keith Tribe, who holds cameralism to be a university science disconnected from the actual activities of the administrators, sparked a counter-reaction and shifted the debate to include the practitioners of cameralism. The shift is evident in the work of David Lindenfeld and Andre Wakefie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4957025 |
AP Macroeconomics Advanced Placement Macroeconomics (also known as AP Macroeconomics, AP Macro, APMa, or simply Macro) is an Advanced Placement macroeconomics course for high school students culminating in an exam offered by the College Board. Study begins with fundamental economic concepts such as scarcity, opportunit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4973033 |
AP Microeconomics Advanced Placement Microeconomics (AP Micro, AP Microeconomics, or simply Micro) is a course offered by the College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program for high school students interested in college-level coursework in microeconomics and/or gaining advanced standing in college. The course ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4973041 |
Regulation school The regulation school () is a group of writers in political economy and economics whose origins can be traced to France in the early 1970s, where economic instability and stagflation were rampant in the French economy. The term "régulation" was coined by Frenchman Destanne de Bernis, who aimed to use ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4974142 |
Regulation school Robert Boyer describes the broad theory as "The study of the transformation of social relations, which creates new forms- both economic and non-economic- organized in structures and reproducing a determinate structure, the mode of reproduction". This theory or approach looks at capitalist economies as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4974142 |
Regulation school Generally speaking, MRs support ARs by providing a conducive and supportive environment, in which the ARs are given guidelines that they should follow. In cases of tension between the two, a crisis may occur. Thus this approach parallels Marx's characterisation of historical change as driven by contra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4974142 |
Regulation school According to its initial objective, which was to understand the rupture of the Fordist mode of regulation: Since the 1980s, the has developed research at other socio-economic levels: firms, markets and branches studies (food and agriculture, automotive, banking…); development and local regions ("regul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4974142 |
Vittorio Corbo Lioi (born 22 March 1943) is a former Governor of the Central Bank of Chile, who held the post since May 2003 until December 2007. Corbo studied economics at the "University of Chile" in 1967 and has a PhD in economics from MIT which he gained in 1971. He taught at Concordia University in Canada between ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4976689 |
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