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International Futures Many pre-run scenarios come packaged with the model, including work that has been completed for the United Nations Environment Programme and the National Intelligence Council. This portion of the software allows users to display the forecast results of their scenario analyses for different provinc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15761387 |
International Futures This collaboration has led to the publication of various African Futures Project Policy Briefs, monographs on long-term African Development and a website where the IFs model can be used specifically for exploring African development. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15761387 |
Dividend discount model The dividend discount model (DDM) is a method of valuing a company's stock price based on the theory that its stock is worth the sum of all of its future dividend payments, discounted back to their present value. In other words, it is used to value stocks based on the net present value of the fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15773113 |
Dividend discount model Dividend Yield formula_21 plus Growth (g) equal Cost of Equity (r) Consider the dividend growth rate in the DDM model as a proxy for the growth of earnings and by extension the stock price and capital gains. Consider the DDM's cost of equity capital as a proxy for the investor's required total r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15773113 |
Dividend discount model One common technique is to assume that the Modigliani-Miller hypothesis of dividend irrelevance is true, and therefore replace the stocks's dividend "D" with "E" earnings per share. However, this requires the use of earnings growth rather than dividend growth, which might be different. This appr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15773113 |
H. M. Knight Sir Harold Murray Knight (13 August 1919 – 19 June 2015) was an Australian economist. He was the third Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, serving from 1975 to 1982. He was educated at Scotch College, Melbourne (1933–1935) and Melbourne University where he was resident at Trinity College. He graduat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15780800 |
J. G. Phillips Sir John Grant Phillips (13 March 1911 – 7 October 1986) was an Australian economist who became the second Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, from 1968 to 1975. His name appeared on Australian currency notes as "J. G. Phillips". In the Queen's Birthday Honours of 8 June 1968, he was appointed Com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15780851 |
American Journal of Agricultural Economics The is a peer-reviewed academic journal of agricultural, natural resource, and environmental economics, as well as rural and community development. Published five times per year, it is one of two journals published by the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association, along wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15781976 |
Land Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to the economics of natural and environmental resources. The journal was established in 1925 by the founder of the American Economic Association, Richard T. Ely (University of Wisconsin). "Land Economics" covers such topics as environmental quality, natural r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15782524 |
Property income refers to profit or income received by virtue of owning property. The three forms of property income are rent, received from the ownership of natural resources; interest, received by virtue of owning financial assets; and profit, received from the ownership of capital equipment. As such, property income... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15797235 |
Property income One economic perspective is to bring productive property under public ownership so that each citizen would receive a share of the property income in addition to their normal wage or salary (see: Social dividend). This would eliminate class distinctions, reduce economic inequality, and enable greater eco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15797235 |
Choice modelling attempts to model the decision process of an individual or segment via revealed preferences or stated preferences made in a particular context or contexts. Typically, it attempts to use discrete choices (A over B; B over A, B & C) in order to infer positions of the items (A, B and C) on some relevant l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling The origins of choice modelling can be traced to Thurstone's research into food preferences in the 1920s and to random utility theory. In economics, random utility theory was then developed by Daniel McFadden and in mathematical psychology primarily by Duncan Luce and Anthony Marley. In essence, choice... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling Luce and Marley had previously axiomatised random utility theory but had not used it in a real world application; furthermore they spent many years testing the method in SP studies involving psychology students. McFadden's work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2000. However, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling However, many other figures, predominantly working in transport economics and marketing, contributed to theory and practice and helped disseminate the work widely. from the outset suffered from a lack of standardisation of terminology and all the terms given above have been used to describe it. However... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling Designing a choice model or discrete choice experiment (DCE) generally follows the following steps: This is often the easiest task, typically defined by: A good or service, for instance mobile (cell) phone, is typically described by a number of attributes (features). Phones are often described by shape... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling This is typically achieved by deliberately confounding higher order interactions with lower order interactions. For example, two-way and three-way interactions may be confounded with main effects. This has the following consequences: Thus, researchers have repeatedly been warned that design involves cr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling This is a fundamental reason why RP data are often unsuitable and why SP data are required. In RP data these three attributes always co-occur and in this case are perfectly correlated. That is: all BMWs are made in Germany and are of high performance. These three attributes: origin, marque and performa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling A sample of around 20 respondents could model the main effects of all 81 possible product configurations with statistically significant results. Some examples of other experimental designs commonly used: More recently, efficient designs have been produced. These typically minimise functions of the vari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling Recent empirical work has confirmed that respondents do indeed have different decision rules when answering a less efficient design compared to a highly efficient design. More information on experimental designs may be found here. It is worth reiterating, however, that small designs that estimate main ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling These often begin with the conditional logit model - traditionally, although slightly misleadingly, referred to as the multinomial logistic (MNL) regression model by choice modellers. The MNL model converts the observed choice frequencies (being estimated probabilities, on a ratio scale) into utility e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling However (s)he must consider whether a set of large beta coefficients reflect strong preferences (a large true beta) or consistency in choices (a large true lambda), or some combination of the two. Dividing all estimates by one other – typically that of the price variable – cancels the confounded lambda... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Choice modelling By subtracting or integrating across the choice probabilities, utility scores for each alternative can be estimated on an interval or ratio scale, for individuals and/or groups. Various psychological models may be utilised by individuals to produce best-worst data, including the MaxDiff model. is parti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15841082 |
Late industrialisation Alice Amsden, building on the insights of Gerschenkron, identifies Late Industrialization as a particular form of industrialization the study of which is useful for those interested in study of the prospects for material progress in developing countries. Amsden notes that whilst the 1st industria... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15851233 |
Late industrialisation The shop floor in businesses tends to be the “strategic focus” when competition is based on borrowed technology. The late industrializers have moved into the more mature markets of the innovators and the productivity of long-established innovators has been successfully challenged by the learners'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15851233 |
A Treatise on the Family is a book by Nobel-winning economist Gary Becker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15872737 |
Appraisal subordination entitlement reduction Appraisal Subordination Entitlement Reduction (ASER) or collateral valuation adjustments (CVA) are commercial mortgage-backed security (CMBS) structuring innovations designed to improve overall transaction credit quality. Appraisal Reductions were created in response to rat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15899055 |
Collateral valuation adjustments Collateral valuation adjustment (ColVA) or appraisal subordination entitlement reduction (ASER) are commercial mortgage-backed security structuring innovations designed to improve overall transaction credit quality. were created in response to rating agency concerns that, without such a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15899236 |
Private landowner assistance program (PLAP) is a class of government assistance program available throughout the U.S. for landowners interested in maintaining, developing, improving and protecting wildlife on their property. Each state provides various programs that assist landowners in agriculture, forestry and conser... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program The program provides financial and educational assistance to landowners that compose a qualifying management plan. Initially proposed plans must be 10 years management strategies and can manage no more than (additional area can be added in special cases). Tax incentives Another way ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program Funding can be used in a variety of management plans including; windbreak planting, irrigation improvements, soil erosion control, sustainable pest management or development of new organic farming operations. The AMA has a limited annual budget of $20million and individual landowner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program This program targets landowners and promotes the maintenance of private grazing land in order to produce higher quality grass than previously found in a specific location. The GLCI provides education materials for anyone who is interested in improving their private grazing land. Con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program The first is to support property acquisition and the second is to acquire donated conservation easements. Participation in the FLP program is limited to private land owners and the federal government funds up to 75% of the costs that are involved. The remaining 25% comes from the la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program Participation in forest stewardship programs is generally open to all private landowners who are committed to a management plan for at least ten years. Forestry contractors are local individuals and professionals that can provide landowners with general forest management information... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program Urban and community forestry programs are not only limited to trees and shrubs but also to the factors that contribute to the growth of these organisms. Additional factors include soil, water and air quality. These programs educate citizens on proper tree planting techniques, garden... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program The purpose of this program is to preserve the forest areas that are threatened by the conversion to non forest uses. Seventy five percent of the programs that belong to this alliance are funded by the government and the other 25% comes from private, state, and local communities or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program There are 4,400 volunteers who inspect the forest grounds and there are 87,000 family forest owners. The ATFS is primarily known for continuous wood and timber production but it also consists of many programs and committees that work to ensure the protection of wildlife habitats, wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program Since 1941, FLA has provided its members, who own and operate more than 40 million acres of forestland in 48 states, with education, information, and national grassroots advocacy, which enables them to sustain their forestlands across generations and help protect the rights of Ameri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Private landowner assistance program FLA's mission is to support, through advocacy, education and information, forest landowner's responsible management of their private property. FLA continually represents forest owners’ interests. Members of the Forest Landowners Association are a diverse group of individual & instit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15936857 |
Alwyn Young is a professor of economics and the Leili & Johannes Huth Fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). He held a named chair at the University of Chicago and was on the faculty at Boston University and the MIT Sloan School of Management before joining the LSE faculty. A graduate of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15983433 |
Spending wave In the economics of demography, the term spending wave refers to the economic effect of departure of children from the home. When a society experiences a high level of such family change then an economic decline follows from reduced spending overall. For example, in U.S. contemporary economics, Harry Dent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15985169 |
Spending wave Still other experts have postulated that, due to the 2008 major stock market decline and home equity crash, many baby boomers will have lost so much equity that they will retire at a later age than was previously planned. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15985169 |
Taxpayer Choice Act The (/) was a bill in the United States Congress which, if enacted, would have amended the Internal Revenue Code to eliminate the alternative minimum tax on individual taxpayers. The bill was reproposed in 2009. The bill was not voted upon in either session. The legislation would create an alternati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15988120 |
Recession index The recession index ("the R-word index") is an informal index created by The Economist which counts how many stories in The Washington Post and "The New York Times" using the word “recession” in a quarter. This simple formula pinpointed the start of recessions in 1981, 1990, and 2001, but was misleading... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15990433 |
The Three Trillion Dollar War is a 2008 book by Nobel Prize laureate Joseph Stiglitz and Harvard Professor Linda Bilmes, both of whom are American economists. The book examines the full cost of the Iraq War, including many hidden costs. The book also discusses the extent to which these costs will be imposed for many ye... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16001328 |
The Three Trillion Dollar War In a 2006 review, economist Alan Krueger argued the estimate was too high for three reasons. First, it counts future interest payments on the debt created by military spending as well as the direct expenditures, which is double counting. Second, it counts increased military recruitment cos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16001328 |
Arrow information paradox The (information paradox for short or AIP), and occasionally referred to as Arrow's disclosure paradox, named after Kenneth Arrow, American economist and joint winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with John Hicks, is a problem that companies face when managing intellectual property ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16102415 |
Arrow information paradox This has been argued to show the need for patent protection. If the buyer trusts the seller, or is protected via contract, then they only need to know the results that the technology will provide, along with any caveats for its usage in a given context. A problem is that sellers lie, they may ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16102415 |
Preclusive purchasing (also known as Preclusive buying and Preemptive buying) is an economic warfare tactic where one belligerent in a conflict purchases matériel and operations from neutral countries not for domestic needs, but in order to deprive other belligerents their use. The tactic was proposed by the French in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16102717 |
Discursive dilemma or doctrinal paradox is a paradox in social choice theory. The paradox is that aggregating judgments with majority voting can result in self-contradictory judgments. Consider a community voting on road repairs asked three questions; the repairs go ahead if all three answers are 'Yes'. The questions a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16136723 |
Discursive dilemma This is because contradictory conceptions of a group can emerge depending on the type of questioning that is chosen. To see how, imagine that a three-member court must decide whether someone is liable for a breach of contract. For example, a lawn caretaker is accused of violating a contract not to mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16136723 |
Discursive dilemma In a premise-based procedure, the judges decide by voting whether the conditions for liability are met. In a conclusion-based procedure, the judges decide directly whether the defendant should be liable. In the above formulation, the paradox is that the two procedures do not necessarily lead to the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16136723 |
Discursive dilemma Their theorem states that the inconsistencies remain for any aggregation method which meets a few natural conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16136723 |
Peak wheat is the concept that agricultural production, due to its high use of water and energy inputs, is subject to the same profile as oil and other fossil fuel production. The central tenet is that a point is reached, the "peak", beyond which agricultural production plateaus and does not grow any further, and may e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16151188 |
Peak wheat China is developing a grain deficit even with the over-pumping of its aquifers. Grain production in China has been said to have peaked in 1998 at 392 million tons, falling below 350 million tons in 2000, 2001, and 2002, although such was 571 million tons in 2011 after eight consecutive years of increase from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16151188 |
Lump-sum tax A lump-sum tax is a special way of taxation, based on a fixed amount, rather than on the real circumstance of the taxed entity. If the lump-sum tax is the same for all taxpayers, it is a poll tax. It is one of the various modes used for taxation: income, things owned (property taxes), money spent (sales ta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16158002 |
Economics of corruption deals with the misuse of public power for private benefit and its economic impact on society. Economies that are afflicted by a high level of corruption are not capable of prospering as fully as those with a low level of corruption. Also, economies that are corrupted are not able to function pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Economics of corruption Finally, the World Bank produces an annual "control of corruption" index that uses similar sourves to the International Country Risk Guide and Corruption Perception Index. In 1968, Nobel laureate economist Gunnar Myrdal found corruption 'almost a taboo (among economists) as research topic'. Inde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Economics of corruption For example, countries that have parliamentary democracies seem to have higher levels of corruption than democratically elected presidents. Note that this effect may be skewed by historical evidence from Latin America. Closed-list and proportional election systems may also breed more corruption ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Economics of corruption As a result, the progressivity of the tax system could reduce, thus income inequality is possible. Furthermore, when most of the asset is owned by elite groups of the population, they can take advantage of their wealth and lobby the government for favorable trade policies, which potentially coul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Economics of corruption A 1995 study by Paulo Mauro shows that capital accumulation, in the form of investment, is negatively correlated with corruption, particularly foreign direct investment . Due to the fact that technological advances are primarily driven by investment, this correlation also reveals that corruption... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Economics of corruption Corruption harms the quality of education and healthcare in emerging economies according to the International Monetary Fund. That is because the cost of education in corrupted countries increases, especially when bribes influence the recruitment and promotion of teachers, consequently, the quali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Economics of corruption Consequently, the income generated by such businesses exists outside the official economy, therefore the income is not included in the calculation of the country's GDP. Also, such business not only that pay their employees lower than the minimum wage, that is designed by the government in the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Economics of corruption This may be accomplished by publishing public procurement data online or making government contracts available to a wider range of potential firms. Successful examples of this include the case of countries such as Mexico, who made all government contracts and procurement plans available online s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Economics of corruption Hundreds of essays have been published during the last two decades that deal with many more aspects of corruption from an economic perspective. Some other books are : Some universities and institutions including the University of Regina in Canada, Florida State University in the United States an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16179334 |
Meena Bazaar Meenā Bāzār or Mina Bazaar (, , ) is a special bazaar to sell items to raise money for charity and non-profit organizations. It also refers to a number of modern-day shopping centres and retail stores. During the Mughal era Meena Bazaars, also known as "Kuhs Ruz" ("Day of Joy") were exclusively held for wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16201137 |
Meena Bazaar Official Website | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16201137 |
Seasonally adjusted annual rate The seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) is a rate that is adjusted to take into account typical seasonal fluctuations in data and is expressed as an annual total. SAARs are used for data affected by seasonality, when it could be misleading to directly compare different times of the ye... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16210264 |
Ver-o-peso market is a market hall in Belém, Brazil located at Guajará Bay riverside. It is called "Ver-o-Peso" following a colonial era tradition, since the tax collector's main post was located there, which was called "Casa do Haver-o-peso" ("Have-the-Weight House"). It was in the "Haver-o-peso house" that the taxes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16219990 |
Ver-o-peso Around ten years ago, was bidding a place into UNESCO's list of world's human patrimonies, but it wasn't included and since then the City never tried again. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16219990 |
Saleability (also called profitability) is a technical analysis term used to compare performances of different trading systems or different investments within one system. Note, it is not simply another word for profit. There are varying definitions for it, some as simple as the expected or average ratio of revenue to c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16225392 |
22 point regulation was a guideline approved by the Communist Party of China in 1988 to encourage Taiwanese investments in the People's Republic of China. The law encouraged specifically land production and land development in Hainan Island, Guangdong, Fujian and other coastal provinces. It guaranteed Taiwan establishm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16230526 |
Relative income hypothesis Developed by James Duesenberry, the relative income hypothesis states that an individual’s attitude to consumption and saving is dictated more by his income in relation to others than by abstract standard of living; the percentage of income consumed by an individual depends on his percentile ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16233284 |
Cream skimming is a pejorative conceptual metaphor used to refer to the perceived business practice of a company providing a product or a service to only the high-value or low-cost customers of that product or service, while disregarding clients that are less profitable for the company. The term derives from the practi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16238003 |
Cream skimming The term has been used in relation to the concept of school vouchers in which it is claimed that the vouchers could be used by parents of "better" students (i.e., students with above average grades who are not disciplinary risks) to move them out of lower performing or substandard state schools and into ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16238003 |
Cream skimming It also has the exclusive right to use customer-owned mail boxes for placing the customer's mail for delivery. This means that, even though mail boxes, such as those in the door of a house, or on the curb, or in the front lobby of the customer's building, are owned by the customer, and not owned by the P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16238003 |
City editor A city editor is a title used by a particular section editor of a newspaper. They are responsible for the daily changes of a particular issue of a newspaper that will be released in the coming day. Mostly they stay at the publication at night and track news that happens anytime. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16265205 |
The Theory of Interstellar Trade is a paper written in 1978 by the economist Paul Krugman. The paper was first published in March 2010 in the journal "Economic Inquiry". He described the paper as something he wrote to cheer himself up when he was an "oppressed assistant professor" caught up in the academic rat race. Kr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16277069 |
The Theory of Interstellar Trade In essence we are abolishing time preference, or at least allowing people to lower their time preference by spending money on fuel. I believe that in such worlds the real interest rate cannot exceed the costs at which more fuel can "propel you into the future through time dilation." Ass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16277069 |
The Theory of Interstellar Trade He illustrated how such necessary adjustments already could be measurable at the speed of the space shuttle, but also that such calculations and adjustments were of little or no practical relevance today since we all are moving at the nearly same speed relative to the enormous speed of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16277069 |
EasyChair is a free web-based conference management software system used, among other tasks, to organise paper submission and review. is widely used, since 2002, in the scientific community, with reportedly more than two and a half million users in 2019. The website also provides an open access online publication servi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16329575 |
Khazzoom–Brookes postulate In the 1980s, the economists Daniel Khazzoom and Leonard Brookes independently put forward ideas about energy consumption and behavior that argue that increased energy efficiency paradoxically tends to lead to increased energy consumption. In 1992, the US economist Harry Saunders dubbed this ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344330 |
Khazzoom–Brookes postulate " The effect of higher energy prices, either through taxes or producer-induced shortages, initially reduces demand but in the longer term encourages greater energy efficiency. This efficiency response amounts to a partial accommodation of the price rise and thus the reduction in demand is blu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344330 |
Khazzoom–Brookes postulate As of late 2008 this appears to not have been factored into the general discussion of sustainability and global warming mitigation strategies. The work done by Khazzoom and Brookes began after the OPEC oil crises of 1973 and 1979, when demand for more fuel-efficient automobiles began to rise.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344330 |
Khazzoom–Brookes postulate Further important considerations are the potentials and limits of the efficiency multiplier effect, considering efficiency as a kind of complex system learning process. At the beginning of the learning curve efficiency and productivity improvements get physically easier to achieve and then la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344330 |
Razor and blades model The razor and blades business model is a business model in which one item is sold at a low price (or given away for free) in order to increase sales of a complementary good, such as consumable supplies. For example, inkjet printers require ink cartridges, and game consoles require accessories and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344919 |
Razor and blades model Rockefeller, looked to China to expand their business. Representatives of Standard Oil gave away eight million kerosene lamps for free or sold them at greatly reduced prices to increase the demand for kerosene. Among American businessmen, this gave rise to the catchphrase "Oil for the lamps of Ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344919 |
Razor and blades model ) This can make the practice illegal. Computer printer manufacturers have gone through extensive efforts to make sure that their printers are incompatible with lower cost after-market ink cartridges and refilled cartridges. This is because the printers are often sold at or below cost to generate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344919 |
Razor and blades model Atari was initially the only developer and publisher of games for the 2600; it sold the 2600 itself at cost and relied on the games for profit. When several programmers left to found Activision and began publishing cheaper games of comparable quality, Atari was left without a source of profit. La... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344919 |
Razor and blades model Ever since the beginning of the commercial nuclear power industry, the business model has centered on selling the reactor at cost (or at a loss) and making its profits off fuel-supply contracts by exploiting vendor lock-in. At one time, mobile phone handsets provided with monthly usage contracts ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344919 |
Razor and blades model Websites specializing in sampling and discounts have proven to be popular with economy-minded consumers, who visit sites which utilize free samples as link bait. The business model of these sites is to attract visitors that will click through to complete affiliate offers. Tying is a variation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344919 |
Razor and blades model Since cable providers lose customers without the popular channel, they are forced to purchase many other channels even if they have a very small viewing audience. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16344919 |
Trust certificate (finance) In finance, a trust certificate is a corporate bond backed by other securities, usually a parent corporation borrowing against securities of its subsidiaries. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16353799 |
Armchair theorizing Armchair theorizing, armchair philosophizing, or armchair scholarship is an approach to providing new developments in a field that does not involve the collection of new information but, rather, a careful analysis or synthesis of existent scholarship, especially frivolously or superficially so. Diff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16382677 |
Armchair theorizing While the methods of the armchair philosopher are different from those of the scientist, they can complement each other to produce new insights and discover necessary truths, whether they are empirical or theoretical. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16382677 |
Lundberg lag The Lundberg lag, named after the Swedish economist Erik Lundberg, stresses the lag between changes in the demand and response in output. This is one lag which points out that business cycles do not follow a completely random fashion but can be explained with a few different important regularities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16404514 |
Robertson lag The Robertson Lag is an example of the systematic delay which the economy suffers from when conditions change and is named after the famous economist Dennis Robertson. This lag describes how a consumers change in income and wealth, a change in its consumption function, leads to a delayed change in its con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16404808 |
Demand shaping is the influencing of demand to match planned supply. For example, in a manufacturing business, dynamic pricing can be used to manage demand. Dell Inc., is one of the best example of companies that practice Demand Shaping and dynamic pricing. From its currently available supplies, Dell posts special sale... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16427261 |
Total revenue share The total revenue share is the percentage of direct cost associated with revenue. Direct cost consists of both product cost and marketing cost. It is a ratio of costs required to fulfill an order. The remainder is considered gross margin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16456403 |
Plant efficiency The efficiency of a plant is the percentage of the total energy content of a power plant's fuel that is converted into electricity. The remaining energy is usually lost to the environment as heat unless it is used for district heating. Rating efficiency is complicated by the fact that there are two dif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16509656 |
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