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Martin Khor His wake was held at the funeral parlor at Mount Erskine on the following day and his funeral was held on April 2nd at the same location. He had a daughter and a wife at the time of his death and Datuk Seri Mohamad Hasan paid tribute to him. WSF 2003 Scenarios for the future | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2960328 |
Price–specie flow mechanism The price–specie flow mechanism is a model developed by Scottish economist David Hume (1711–1776) to illustrate how trade imbalances can self-correct and adjust under the gold standard. Hume expounded his argument in "Of the Balance of Trade", which he wrote to counter the Mercantilist idea ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2962283 |
Price–specie flow mechanism Using a theory called the quantity theory of money, Hume argued that countries with an increasing money supply would see inflation as the prices of goods and services rose while countries with a decreasing money supply would experience deflation as the prices of goods and services fell. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2962283 |
Electronic remittance advice An electronic remittance advice (ERA) is an electronic data interchange (EDI) version of a medical insurance payment explanation. It provides details about providers' claims payment, and if the claims are denied, it would then contain the required explanations. The explanations include the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2964718 |
Normative statement In many disciplines, including economics and philosophy, a normative statement expresses a value judgment about whether a situation is desirable or undesirable. Whereas a descriptive statement (also known as a positive statement) is meant to describe the world "as it is", a normative statement is me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2969445 |
Added value in financial analysis of shares is to be distinguished from value added. It is used as a measure of shareholder value, calculated using the formula: Added Value can also be defined as the difference between a particular product's final selling price and the direct and indirect input used in making that part... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2970278 |
Takahashi method The is a technique deploying extremely simple and distilled visual slides for presentations. It is similar to the Lessig method, created by Harvard professor and former presidential candidate Lawrence Lessig. It is named for its inventor, Masayoshi Takahashi. Unlike a typical presentation, no pictures ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2971159 |
Producerism is an ideology which holds that those members of society engaged in the production of tangible wealth are of greater benefit to society than, for example, aristocrats who inherit their wealth and station. Robert Ascher traces the history of producerism back as early as the Diggers in the 1640s. This outlook... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2973944 |
Producerism Critics of producerism see a correlation between producerist views, and views that are antagonistic toward lower income people and immigrants, such as nativism. These critics see producerism as analogous to populism. Examples of politicians or groups that are cited by these critics include the Reform Party ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2973944 |
Producerism In the United States and in Europe it is often sympathetic towards conservative or Fundamentalist/Primitive Christianity, seen as a defender against both the moral degeneracy of the poor and the rapaciousness of unbridled capitalism. But producerism is not tied to a specific religious world view, and its em... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2973944 |
Blanch fee Blanch fee, or blanch holding (from French "blanc", white), an ancient tenure in Scots land law, the duty payable being in silver or "white" money in contradistinction to gold. The phrase was afterwards applied to any holding of which the quit-rent was merely nominal, such as a penny, a peppercorn, etc. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2982731 |
Rollover (finance) In foreign exchange trading (FX), a rollover is the action taking place at end of day, where all open positions with value date equals SPOT, will be rolled over to the next business day. This happens since in FX trading the trader doesn't want to actually buy the traded currencies but to continue to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2991236 |
Butterfly Economics Butterfly Economics: A New General Theory of Social and Economic Behavior is a book by Paul Ormerod dealing with economic theory, published in 1999. The author uses a plethora of insect-related metaphors to show that an economy tends to function like a living organism and is thus able to learn and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3003358 |
Steel City The is a common nickname for many cities that were once known for their production of large amounts of steel. With industrial production also in developing countries, like those in Eastern Europe and Asia, most of these cities do not produce as much steel as they used to. It is possible there will be new "st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3020954 |
Streetcar Railway Post Office (RPO) routes operated in several major USA cities between the 1890s and 1920s. The final route was in Baltimore, Maryland. The Mobile Post Office Society, Affiliate 64 of the American Philatelic Society, has published monographs detailing the operational history of each route. These were c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3025288 |
Rate risk In finance, rate risk is the risk of losses caused by interest rate changes. The prices of most financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds move inversely with interest rates, so investors are subject to capital loss when rates rise. In the investment world, there are two types of risk rating. One is to m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3025513 |
Certified check A certified check or certified cheque is a form of cheque for which the bank verifies that sufficient funds exist in the account to cover the cheque, and so certifies, at the time the cheque is written. Those funds are then set aside in the bank's internal account until the cheque is cashed or returned ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3027717 |
Economic oppression may take several forms, including the practice of bonded labour in some parts of India; serfdom; forced labour; low wages; denial of equal opportunity; practicing employment discrimination; and economic discrimination based on sex, nationality, race, and religion.. The term economic oppression is so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3030305 |
Muragh was a tax levied for the construction or maintenance of town walls. Muragh, also referred to as murage, was generally a term used for the tax meant for the repairs of the defensive walls that enclosed towns in historical England, Wales, Ireland. Construction of the walls with the use of the muragh tax was a way ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3037853 |
Muragh The intent of the muragh also included walls meant for sea defense and defense against natural disasters resulting from flooding in towns near rivers or the ocean; although, they were mainly intended for military defense. In Bristol, England, the recognition of need to use muragh tax collection to repair due to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3037853 |
Muragh Prestigious cities attracted more retailers and allowed the price of goods to increase. The addition of decorative doors and gates to the wall did not add to their defensive abilities, but effected the trade within the city. The reason for the wall was primarily state defense, as the role of medieval royal gover... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3037853 |
Muragh The support during these times was necessary due to the walls protecting against invasion and civil uprising and war to protect the people while maintaining the integrity of the monarchy. The use of mural houses in Oxford allowed citizens to live rent-free or tax-free under the condition that they would repair t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3037853 |
CME SPAN The Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk, or SPAN, is a system for calculating margin requirements for futures and options on futures. It was developed by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1988. SPAN is a portfolio margining method that uses grid simulation. It calculates the likely loss in a set of derivative... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3037864 |
Foreign aid institutions of Japan Japan has three government institutions involved in disbursing foreign aid: the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and the Japanese Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC). This is now the nodal agency for all Japanese concessional loans, and replaced Japan Export-Import B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3039092 |
Foreign aid institutions of Japan For example, there are financing schemes for private sector investment, preparatory surveys for infrastructure and BOP projects, and capacity development projects run by NGOs, local government entities and universities. JICA also promotes science and technology research partnerships be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3039092 |
Foreign aid institutions of Japan While there has been a general increase in spending, much of the criticism is in regards to the quality of the aid. Much of the money went to corrupt government officials in Asia and projects that caused serious damage to the environment. It is important to understand the structure of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3039092 |
Foreign aid institutions of Japan As China continues to rise, it threatens Japan's hegemony in the region. Escalating tensions in the South China Sea have caused Japan to switch its foreign aid packages. It provided surveillance ships to the Vietnamese and the Filipino coast guards. Japan has also started promoting cyb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3039092 |
Repayment mortgage A repayment mortgage is a term generally used in the UK to describe a mortgage in which the monthly repayments consist of repaying the capital amount borrowed as well as the accrued interest, so that the amount borrowed decreases throughout the term and by the end of the loan term has been fully repa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3044222 |
Power box A power box (USA) or feeder pillar (UK) is a cabinet for electrical equipment, mounted in the street and controlling the electrical supply to a number of houses in a neighborhood. A power box is simply a layman's term for a transformer, cutout enclosure, or other enclosure used in conjunction with underground... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3048374 |
De facto currency A de facto currency is a unit of money that is not legal tender in a country but is treated as such by most of the populace. The United States dollar and the European Union euro are the most common de facto currencies. Andorra used the euro unofficially prior to June 2013, at which point the euro beca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3054981 |
De facto currency The Hong Kong Dollar is widely accepted in Macau, even though it has not gained official recognition from Autoridade Monetária de Macau (AMCM) as legal tender in Macau. The Macauese Pacata is pegged to the Hong Kong Dollar at 1.029(buy)/1.032(sell). However, many merchants who accept Hong Kong Dollars... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3054981 |
Wage dispersion In economics, wage dispersion is the variation in wages encountered in an economy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3055195 |
Trade journalism reports on the movements and developments of the business world by way of articles or analysis. also refers to industry-specific news, such as exclusive focus on commodities (e.g. oil, gas and metals) or sectors (finance, travel, food). Due to its business nature, trade journalism is often expected to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3055532 |
Osaka Mercantile Exchange (OME) was a futures exchange based in Osaka, Japan that merged with the Nagoya-based Central Japan Commodity Exchange in 2007. The exchange was formed on 1 October 1997 from the merger of the "Osaka Textile Exchange" and the "Kobe Rubber Exchange". As of 1 January 2007 it merged into the "Cent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3057838 |
Economic humanitarianism (Raëlianism) Economic humanitarianism is a collection of economic ideas which according to its creator Raël is designed to complement Geniocracy. Economic humanitarianism accepts the capitalist notion that through competition and technological innovation, some companies may install automation i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3057868 |
Economic humanitarianism (Raëlianism) In Claude Vorilhon's book "Geniocracy", he writes: Obviously this system is not viable in a capitalist society, since once the owners automate their factories, they just sack all their workers without pay and let them starve while the machines do all the work, filling their own poc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3057868 |
Economic humanitarianism (Raëlianism) In book 1 of 3 in Claude Vorilhon's "Intelligent Design" was a text allegedly narrated by Yahweh, who according to him, is a humanoid extraterrestrial responsible for the creation of life on earth: YOU could very soon live in a genuine terrestrial paradise if only the technology th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3057868 |
Economic humanitarianism (Raëlianism) Instead of property ownership, the humanitarianism described in the Raelian Messages involves of long-duration rent, an idea held by many proponents of Georgism. In the Raelian idea of humanitarianism, this should even apply in the case of businesses (as well as land): Thus individ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3057868 |
Market-oriented sector selective talks (US–Japan) The market-oriented sector selective talks (MOSS) were held between the United States and Japan in 1984. Topic were trade frictions on four product areas: forest products, telecommunications equipment and services, electronics, and pharmaceuticals and medical equipment.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3064832 |
Retirement annuity plan A retirement annuity plan (RAP) is a UK pension plan designed to build a lump sum for retirement. Part of the lump sum must be used to buy an annuity and part can be taken a tax free lump sum. The plans were introduced under "section 226" of the "Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970" and are of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3069521 |
Productionisation (Commonwealth English) or productionization (American English) is the process of turning a prototype of a design into a version that can be more easily mass-produced. It is almost always a necessary step in the development of any product, since it is rare that the initial design is free from flaws or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3073484 |
Productionisation Prior to putting the system into production, the developers need to ensure the system is robust enough for the target environment with regard to aspects such as error handling, stability, usability, scalability and performance. This process of making the prototype ‘production or enterprise grade’ is o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3073484 |
Ministry of Climate and Energy (Denmark) The Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building () is a governmental agency in Denmark. It is responsible for national climate policy and international cooperation on climate change, as well as energy issues, meteorology and national geological surveys in Denmark and Greenla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3088777 |
Del credere A del crede commission is a commission which is paid as direct commission instead of paying through someone else. Del Crede commission is that of a surety who is liable to the principal should the purchaser make default. The agreement between agent and principal need not be reduced to or evidenced by writin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3090957 |
Del credere The Court observed that the label the parties used for their agreement was not significant, because the Court “has quite consistently refused to allow the form into which the parties chose to cast the transaction to govern.” "Id". at 278. Moreover, although the contract may be useful “in allocating risks be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3090957 |
Double indemnity is a clause or provision in a life insurance or accident policy whereby the company agrees to pay the stated multiple (i.e., double, triple, etc.) of the face amount in the contract in cases of death caused by accidental means. This includes murder by a person other than, and not in collusion with, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3097789 |
Visible balance The visible trade balance is that part of the balance of trade figures that refers to international trade in physical goods, but not trade in services; it thus contrasts with the invisible balance. The balance is calculated as the value of visible exports less the value of visible imports. If the figure... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3100626 |
Visible balance Following changes in the nature of international trade caused by the break down of the Bretton Woods system, the principle division for BoP sheets became the Current account and the Capital account (or "Current account" and "Fianancial account" if the IMF's definition is being used.) Since 1973, 'visibl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3100626 |
TERON (Tillage erosion) TERON is a foundation dedicated to the assessment of tillage related erosion in Europe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3105122 |
Marginal value A marginal value is (This third case is actually a special case of the second). In the case of differentiability, at the limit, a marginal change is a mathematical differential, or the corresponding mathematical derivative. These uses of the term “marginal” are especially common in economics, and result ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3108261 |
Marginal value Assume a functional relationship If the value of formula_2 is "discretely" changed from formula_3 to formula_4 while other independent variables remain unchanged, then the marginal value of the change in formula_2 is and the “marginal value” of formula_7 may refer to or to If an individual saw her income... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3108261 |
Trade-weighted effective exchange rate index The trade-weighted effective exchange rate index, a common form of the effective exchange rate index, is a multilateral exchange rate index. It is compiled as a weighted average of exchange rates of "home" versus "foreign" currencies, with the weight for each "foreign" count... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3109025 |
Trade-weighted effective exchange rate index See the entry under effective exchange rate index for an alternative approach to compiling an effective exchange rate index. The interpretation of the effective exchange rate is that if the index rises, other things being equal, the purchasing power of that currency also ris... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3109025 |
Tax-allocation district A tax-allocation district (TAD), also known as tax increment financing, is a defined area where real estate property tax monies gathered above a certain threshold for a certain period of time (typically 25 years) to be used a specified improvement. The funds raised from a TAD are placed in a tax... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3109981 |
Phase-change incubator The phase-change incubator is a low-cost, low-maintenance incubator to help test for microorganisms in water supplies. It uses small balls containing a chemical compound that, when heated and then kept insulated, will stay at 37°C (approx. 99°F) for 24 hours. This allows cultures to be tested wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3115081 |
Milréis The mil-réis (literally one thousand réis) was effectively a unit of currency in both Portugal (until 1911) and Brazil (until 1942). The usage of "mil-réis" as a word dates back to the economic crises of the 19th century, when the currency was devalued for the first time and most prices reached the thousands. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3117595 |
Yield spread premium A yield spread premium (YSP) is the money or rebate paid to a mortgage broker for giving a borrower a higher interest rate on a loan in exchange for lower up front costs, generally paid in origination fees, broker fees or discount points. This “may [be used to] wipe out or offset other loan costs, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3119243 |
Output contract An output contract is an agreement in which a producer agrees to sell his or her entire production to the buyer, who in turn agrees to purchase the entire output. Example: an almond grower enters into an "output contract" with an almond packer: thus the producer has a "home" for output of nuts, and the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3125659 |
Bar Association (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) "Bar Association" is the 88th episode of the science fiction television series "", the sixteenth episode of the . It was directed by "" regular cast member LeVar Burton (who portrayed Chief Engineer Geordi La Forge in ""). The employees of Quark's bar go on strike in protest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3129282 |
Bar Association (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) He makes up a list of demands — increased pay, shorter hours, paid sick leave — and presents them to Quark, who simply laughs them off. But Rom has the last laugh when he tells his brother that the new union is now on strike. Rom pays customers to stay out of Quark's — a tac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3129282 |
Bar Association (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) Later Quark tries to talk Rom into giving up, worried about what the FCA will do to his brother, but Rom holds firm; as Quark had earlier wished out loud to be an only child and Rom says that now Quark may get his wish. Things only get worse when Brunt has his Nausicaan thug... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3129282 |
Zero-profit condition In economic competition theory, the zero-profit condition is the condition that occurs when an industry or type of business has an extremely low (near-zero) cost of entry to or exit from the industry. In this situation, some firms not already in the industry tend to join the industry if they calcu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3130385 |
Zero-profit condition For example, few gold prospectors became wealthy, but many formed successful businesses selling shovels. For another example, despite the real estate boom of the mid-2000s, the incomes of real estate agents did not rise significantly. It is easy to become an agent, so when profits start to rise, m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3130385 |
The Lighthouse in Economics "The Lighthouse in Economics" is a 1974 academic paper written by British economist Ronald H. Coase, the 1991 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. This paper challenges the traditional view in economics that lighthouses are public goods, and more specifically the prevailing consen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3131292 |
The Lighthouse in Economics Coase notes that some of the lighthouses sold for what would, in today's values, be many millions of dollars. Although many lighthouses were depicted by Coase as privately operated, the right to collect non-negotiable light dues was supported by a patent from the crown. In other words, they ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3131292 |
The Lighthouse in Economics ) were withdrawn or the lighthouses were bought up by the authorities because the total light dues paid by ships were inflated as a result of rent-seeking activities by lighthouse operators. In his article, Coase, however, suggests that the impetus for nationalizing the lighthouse industry a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3131292 |
Good 'til cancelled In investment, a good ’til cancelled (GTC) order is an order to buy or sell a security at a specified price which remains in effect until executed or cancelled by the investor. In other words, a GTC order will continue indefinitely until the specified parameters are met, whilst a normal day order wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3131297 |
Customs war A Customs war, also known as a "toll war" or "tariff war", is a type of economic conflict between two or more states. In order to pressure one of the states, the other raises taxes or tariffs for some of the products of that state. As a reprisal, the latter state may also increase the tariffs. One example o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3133634 |
Customs war Democratic Representative Cordell Hull said, "Our foreign markets depend both on the efficiency of our production and the tariffs of countries in which we would sell. Our own [high] tariffs are an important factor in each. They injure the former and invite the latter." Five years after the passage of the ta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3133634 |
Great Depression in Latin America The Great Depression which followed the US stock market crash of 1929 badly affected the countries of Latin America. Chile, Peru, and Bolivia were, according to a League of Nations report, the countries worst-hit by the Great Depression. The rise of fascism also became apparent in Lati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3134743 |
N-player game In game theory, an "n"-player game is a game which is well defined for any number of players. This is usually used in contrast to standard 2-player games that are only specified for two players. In defining "n"-player games, game theorists usually provide a definition that allow for any (finite) number of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3138467 |
Conacre (a corruption of "corn-acre"), in Ireland, is a system of letting land, formerly in small patches or strips, and usually for tillage (growth of corn or potatoes). During the 19th century, conacre land was normally let on an eleven-month system - considered to be of sufficient length to sow and harvest a crop bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3143354 |
Conacre Commenting on the ruling, the Ulster Farmers' Union president said "With one third of the land in Northern Ireland let as conacre, the ruling needs to be carefully considered by many local families. Inheritance of land within families is an important aspect of family farming in Northern Ireland and we want to p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3143354 |
Black–Derman–Toy model In mathematical finance, the (BDT) is a popular short rate model used in the pricing of bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives; see Lattice model (finance)#Interest rate derivatives. It is a one-factor model; that is, a single stochastic factor—the short rate—determines the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3152504 |
Black–Derman–Toy model Although initially developed for a lattice-based environment, the model has been shown to imply the following continuous stochastic differential equation: For constant (time independent) short rate volatility, formula_7, the model is: One reason that the model remains popular, is that the "standa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3152504 |
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories. Depending on which theory that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory It described how social order is maintained in society and ways in which primitive societies can make the transition to more advanced societies. Other scientists who have contributed to the development of modernization theory are: David Apter, who did research on the political system and history of d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory Rostow identified five stages through which developing countries had to pass to reach an advanced economy status: (1) Traditional society, (2) Preconditions for take-off, (3) Take-off, (4) Drive to maturity, (5) Age of high mass consumption. He argued that economic development could be led by certain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory Economic modernization theories such as Rostow's stages model have been heavily inspired by the Harrod-Domar model which explains in a mathematical way the growth rate of a country in terms of the savings rate and the productivity of capital. Heavy state involvement has often been considered necessar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory Critics point to traditional societies as being destroyed and slipping away to a modern form of poverty without ever gaining the promised advantages of modernization. Structuralism is a development theory which focuses on structural aspects which impede the economic growth of developing countries. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory The logic of the strategy rests on the infant industry argument, which states that young industries initially do not have the economies of scale and experience to be able to compete with foreign competitors and thus need to be protected until they are able to compete in the free market. The Prebisch–... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory However, this kind of development is considered to be "dependent development", i.e., it does not have an internal domestic dynamic in the developing country and thus remains highly vulnerable to the economic vagaries of the world market. Dependency thinking starts from the notion that resources flow ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory In addition to its structuralist roots, dependency theory has much overlap with Neo-Marxism and World Systems Theory, which is also reflected in the work of Immanuel Wallerstein, a famous dependency theorist. Wallerstein rejects the notion of a Third World, claiming that there is only one world which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory Proponents of basic needs have argued that elimination of absolute poverty is a good way to make people active in society so that they can provide labor more easily and act as consumers and savers. There have been also many critics of the basic needs approach. It would lack theoretical rigour, practi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory One of the implications of the neoclassical development theory for developing countries were the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) which the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund wanted them to adopt. Important aspects of those SAPs include: These measures are more or less reflected by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory Development is being seen as a loss of a country's own culture, people's perception of themselves and modes of life. According to Majid Rahnema, another leading postdevelopment scholar, things like notions of poverty are very culturally embedded and can differ a lot among cultures. The institutes whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory Global warming issues are also problems which are emphasized by the sustainable development movement. This led to the 1997 Kyoto Accord, with the plan to cap greenhouse-gas emissions. Opponents of the implications of sustainable development often point to the environmental Kuznets curve. The idea beh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Development theory Amartya Sen and Mahbub ul Haq are the most well-known human development theorists. The work of Sen is focused on capabilities: what people can do and be. It is these capabilities, rather than the income or goods that they receive (as in the Basic Needs approach), that determine their well being. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154278 |
Fed model The "Fed model" is a theory of equity valuation that has found broad application in the investment community. The model compares the stock market’s earnings yield (E/P) to the yield on long-term government bonds. In its strongest form the states that bond and stock market are in equilibrium, and fairly valued... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154281 |
Fed model A variant of this, first the expected AAA bond yield from the Blue Chip survey versus the forward-earnings yield on the S&P 500, and then later versus the 10-year Treasury was developed by Dirk van Dijk at I/B/E/S in the mid-1980s. While not unanimous, there is broad consensus in the non-academic investing co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154281 |
Fed model MoneyWeek (April 28, 2010) argued that Clifford Asness argues that investors actually set stock market P/Es based on nominal interest rates (see also criticism below) but that they do so in error. By confusing real and nominal investors suffer from 'money illusion'. Asness 'fights the Fed model' as a normativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154281 |
Fed model Estrada starts with the Gordon growth model where P is the current price and D the current dividend, G the expected long-term growth rate, formula_4 the risk free rate (10-year treasury notes) and RP the equity risk premium. If one now assumes that 100% of the earnings are paid as dividend (D=E), the growth r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154281 |
Fed model It seems that the empirical support for the is then based on carefully chosen and limited evidence. If the is indeed an equity valuation theory with descriptive validity, it should be able to identify over-valued and under-valued assets. But it turns out that the has no power to forecast long term stock retur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154281 |
Fed model Why was the relationship observed in the US and not in most other international markets? Do investors in the US (the world's largest equity market) suffer more from 'illusions' than investors in for example Austria and Finland? Why did the relationship not exist in the US before 1980 (or 1965) and why did the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154281 |
Fed model 5% (see figure 3). In the US, SEC Rule 10b-18 (explicitly allowing share repurchases) enabled fine adjustment toward equilibrium as of 1982, explaining why the equilibrium emerged around that time and not before. And in many other countries share repurchases were prohibited until 1998 or are still considered ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154281 |
Corporate ecosystem A corporate ecosystem is a collection of organizations that are interdependent to form a complete solution or industry. The term became popular in business in the post Dot.com era and replaces the 1990s term keiretsu. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3154824 |
Dollar glut The dollar glut is a term for the accumulation of American dollars outside of the United States as a reserve currency, contrasted with the dollar gap, which led to the creation of the Marshall Plan following World War II. The eventual shift to a dollar glut forced the end of the gold standard in the United ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3156210 |
Fernand Braudel Center The for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations at Binghamton University, State University of New York was founded in September 1976 and serves as one of the preeminent centers for advanced study of systemic history (especially the world-systems dynamics) and historiography ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3163381 |
Bishop–Cannings theorem The is a theorem in evolutionary game theory. It states that (i) all members of a mixed evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) have the same payoff (Theorem 2), and (ii) that none of these can also be a pure ESS (from their Theorem 3). The usefulness of the results comes from the fact that they ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3164527 |
Average propensity to consume In economics, the average propensity to consume (APC) is the fraction of income spent. It is computed by dividing consumption by income, or formula_1. Sometimes, disposable income is used as the denominator instead, so formula_2, where C is the amount spent, Y is pre-tax income, and T is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3173338 |
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