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Southern Economic Association The (SEA) is a regional-based scholarly economic organization based at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. The SEA was founded in 1928. It is one of five general professional economic associations. For the SEA member characteristics (e.g. political affiliation, policy opinions) in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3176285 |
Cess is a tax. It is usually known as tax on tax. The term is a shortened form of "assess". The spelling is due to a mistaken connection with "census". It was the official term used in Ireland when it was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, but has been superseded by "rate". The term was formerly p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3177273 |
Cost analyst In business, a cost analyst is a person who analyzes a company's costs, or the use of available resources, and reports such analysis to management for decision-making and control. Cost analysts may require a strong background in cost accounting methods, may gain certification as a Certified Management Acco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3180903 |
North American Product Classification System The North American Product Classification System, or NAPCS, is a classification system used by Canada, Mexico, and the United States to classify products produced by industries in those countries. It was scheduled to be implemented from 2007 onwards. NAPCS is a multi-phase e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3183153 |
Dollar auction The dollar auction is a non-zero sum sequential game designed by economist Martin Shubik to illustrate a paradox brought about by traditional rational choice theory in which players are compelled to make an ultimately irrational decision based completely on a sequence of apparently rational choices made ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3183631 |
Dollar auction 05, in which case they rationally bid more than the value of the item for sale (the dollar) in order to reduce their losses to only 5 cents. Bidding continues with the second highest bidder always losing more than the highest bidder and therefore always trying to become the high bidder. Only the auctione... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3183631 |
Pensim2 is a dynamic microsimulation model to simulate the income of pensioners, owned by the British Department for Work and Pensions. is the second version of Pensim which was developed in the 1990s. The time horizon of the model is 100 years, by which time today's school leavers will retire. uses a lot of external a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3184670 |
Radioisotope piezoelectric generator A radioisotope piezoelectric generator converts energy stored in the radioactive material directly into motion to generate electricity by the repeated deformation of a piezoelectric material. This approach creates a high-impedance source and, unlike chemical batteries, the devices w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3188227 |
Radioisotope piezoelectric generator Thus, a battery using this isotope might continue to supply useful energy for at least half that time. Researchers have demonstrated devices with about 7% efficiency with high frequencies of 120 Hz to low-frequency (every three hours) self-reciprocating actuators. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3188227 |
Spatial analysis Complex issues arise in spatial analysis, many of which are neither clearly defined nor completely resolved, but form the basis for current research. The most fundamental of these is the problem of defining the spatial location of the entities being studied. Classification of the techniques of spatial ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis Computer science has contributed extensively through the study of algorithms, notably in computational geometry. Mathematics continues to provide the fundamental tools for analysis and to reveal the complexity of the spatial realm, for example, with recent work on fractals and scale invariance. Scienti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis When results are presented as maps, the presentation combines spatial data which are generally accurate with analytic results which may be inaccurate, leading to an impression that analytic results are more accurate than the data would indicate. The definition of the spatial presence of an entity const... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis For example, regression analyses that do not compensate for spatial dependency can have unstable parameter estimates and yield unreliable significance tests. Spatial regression models (see below) capture these relationships and do not suffer from these weaknesses. It is also appropriate to view spatial... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis Dependency suggests that since one location can predict the value of another location, we do not need observations in both places. But heterogeneity suggests that this relation can change across space, and therefore we cannot trust an observed degree of dependency beyond a region that may be small. Bas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis The locational fallacy refers to error due to the particular spatial characterization chosen for the elements of study, in particular choice of placement for the spatial presence of the element. Spatial characterizations may be simplistic or even wrong. Studies of humans often reduce the spatial existe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis This topic is closely related to the modifiable areal unit problem. A mathematical space exists whenever we have a set of observations and quantitative measures of their attributes. For example, we can represent individuals' incomes or years of education within a coordinate system where the location of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis For example, "Manhattan" (or "Taxicab") distances where movement is restricted to paths parallel to the axes can be more meaningful than Euclidean distances in urban settings. In addition to distances, other geographic relationships such as connectivity (e.g., the existence or degree of shared borders)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis More complicated models, using communalities or rotations have been proposed. Using multivariate methods in spatial analysis began really in the 1950s (although some examples go back to the beginning of the century) and culminated in the 1970s, with the increasing power and accessibility of computers. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis This, however, assumes that the definition of the variables has not changed over time and produces very large tables, difficult to manage. A better solution, proposed by psychometricians, groups the data in a « cubic matrix », with three entries (for instance, locations, variables, time periods). A Thr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis Spatial autocorrelation that is more positive than expected from random indicate the clustering of similar values across geographic space, while significant negative spatial autocorrelation indicates that neighboring values are more dissimilar than expected by chance, suggesting a spatial pattern simil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis The value of "q" is within [0, 1], 0 indicates no spatial stratified heterogeneity, 1 indicates perfect spatial stratified heterogeneity.The value of "q" indicates the percent of the variance of an attribute explained by the stratification.The "q" follows a noncentral "F" probability density function. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a local version of spatial regression that generates parameters disaggregated by the spatial units of analysis. This allows assessment of the spatial heterogeneity in the estimated relationships between the independent and dependent variables. The use of Baye... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis In addition, the topological, or connective, relationships between areas must be identified, particularly considering the often conflicting relationship between distance and topology; for example, two spatially close neighborhoods may not display any significant interaction if they are separated by a h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis Complex adaptive systems theory as applied to spatial analysis suggests that simple interactions among proximal entities can lead to intricate, persistent and functional spatial entities at aggregate levels. Two fundamentally spatial simulation methods are cellular automata and agent-based modeling. Ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis They can be integrated into a common geographic automata system where some agents are fixed while others are mobile. Calibration plays a pivotal role in both CA and ABM simulation and modelling approaches. Initial approaches to CA proposed robust calibration approaches based on stochastic, Monte Carlo ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis This method is able to quantify the spatial connectivity, variability and uncertainty. Furthermore, the method is not sensitive to any type of data and is able to simulate both categorical and continuous scenarios. CCSIM algorithm is able to be used for any stationary, non-stationary and multivariate s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis Spatial statistics typically result primarily from observation rather than experimentation. Vector-based GIS is typically related to operations such as map overlay (combining two or more maps or map layers according to predefined rules), simple buffering (identifying regions of a map within a specified... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis Some more advanced statistical techniques include Getis-ord Gi* or Anselin Local Moran's I which are used to determine clustering patterns of spatially referenced data. Geospatial analysis goes beyond 2D and 3D mapping operations and spatial statistics. It includes: Traditionally geospatial computing h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
Spatial analysis The increasing ability to capture and handle geographic data means that spatial analysis is occurring within increasingly data-rich environments. Geographic data capture systems include remotely sensed imagery, environmental monitoring systems such as intelligent transportation systems, and location-aw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3190431 |
LLMDB The Lifelong Labour Market Database (LLMDB2) is a panel data set, owned by the Department for Work and Pensions in Britain. LLMDB2 holds a 1% sample from the new "National Insurance Recording System (NIRS2)" and is a fully representative sample of around 600000 people. LLMDB2 started to record the income and othe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3191166 |
Sectoral analysis Sectoral analysis, also known as sectorial analysis, is a statistical analysis of the size, demographic, pricing, competitive, and other economic dimensions of a sector of the economy. The analysis can be done by industry or by customer designation. The method was further developed by Wynne Godley for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3199596 |
Endogenous preferences are preferences that cannot be taken as given, but are affected by individual internal responses to the external state of affairs. They are interdependent, in part determined by social institutions, marketed advertisement, and subject to learning (experience and observation) and habit formation (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3202906 |
Contingent work Contingent work, casual work, or contract work, is an employment relationship with limited job security, payment on a piece work basis, typically part-time (typically with variable hours) that is considered non-permanent. Although there is less job security, freelancers often report incomes higher than ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3207276 |
Contingent work Workers would often work in twelve-hour shifts, six days a week. However, they would still often be paid on a piece work basis, and fines would be deducted from their pay for damage to machinery. Employers could hire and fire pretty much as they pleased, and if employees had any grievance about this, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3207276 |
Contingent work The contingent workforce acts as a variable workforce for companies to select from to perform specific projects or complete specialized projects. Also as organizations make efforts to be more agile and to quickly respond to change in order to be more competitive, they turn to the contingent workforce to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3207276 |
Contingent work Globalization contributes to rapid growth in industries, increased outsourcing, and a need for flexibility and agility to remain competitive. A knowledge-driven economy also contributes to the growth in the use of the contingent workforce because organizations rely more on their specific and expert know... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3207276 |
Contingent work According to a joint guidance document released by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), both staffing agencies and host employers (clients of staffing agencies) are responsible for providing and maintaining a safe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3207276 |
Open music model The open music model is an economic and technological framework for the recording industry based on research conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It predicts that the playback of prerecorded music will be regarded as a service rather than as individually sold products, and that the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3216683 |
Open music model The model suggests changing the way consumers interact with the digital property market: rather than being seen as a good to be purchased from online vendor, music would be treated as a service being provided by the industry, with firms based on the model serving as intermediaries between the music ind... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3216683 |
Open music model Supporters argued that it offered a superior alternative to the current law-enforcement based methods used by the recording industry. One startup in Germany, Playment, announced plans to adapt the entire model to a commercial setting as the basis for its business model. Several aspects of the model hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3216683 |
Global depository receipt A global depository receipt (GDR and sometimes spelled "depositary") is a general name for a depositary receipt where a certificate issued by a depository bank, which purchases shares of foreign companies, creates a security on a local exchange backed by those shares. They are the global equiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3217802 |
Global depository receipt If for example an Indian company which has issued ADRs in the American market wishes to further extend it to other developed and advanced countries such as in Europe, then they can sell these ADRs to the public of Europe and the same would be named as GDR. GDR can be issued in more than one co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3217802 |
Uncovered interest arbitrage is an arbitrage trading strategy whereby an investor capitalizes on the interest rate differential between two countries. Unlike covered interest arbitrage, uncovered interest arbitrage involves no hedging of foreign exchange risk with the use of forward contracts or any other contract. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3218219 |
Uncovered interest arbitrage The risk arises from the fact that the future spot exchange rate for the currencies is not known with certainty when the strategy is chosen. For example, consider that an investor with $5,000,000 USD is considering whether to invest abroad using an uncovered interest arbitrage strategy or t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3218219 |
Allais paradox The is a choice problem designed by to show an inconsistency of actual observed choices with the predictions of expected utility theory. The arises when comparing participants' choices in two different experiments, each of which consists of a choice between two gambles, A and B. The payoffs for each gamb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3223960 |
Allais paradox If this 89% ‘common consequence’ is disregarded, then in each experiment the choice between gambles will be the same – 11% chance of $1 million versus 10% chance of $5 million. After re-writing the payoffs, and disregarding the 89% chance of winning — equalising the outcome — then 1B is left offering a 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3223960 |
Allais paradox Difficulties such as this gave rise to a number of alternatives to, and generalizations of, the theory, notably including prospect theory, developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, weighted utility (Chew), rank-dependent expected utility by John Quiggin, and regret theory. The point of these models ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3223960 |
Allais paradox Hence, Allais argues that it is not possible to evaluate portions of gambles or choices independently of the other choices presented, as the independence axiom requires, and thus is a poor judge of our rational action (1B cannot be valued independently of 1A as the independence or sure thing principle re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3223960 |
United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot The (UNHRD) is an international network of six humanitarian support hubs located strategically around the world, that provide supply chain solutions to the international humanitarian community. The hubs are located in Brindisi (Italy), Dubai (UAE), Accra (Ghana), Panama City (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3224804 |
United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot In line with the United Nations Reforms for better coordinated development system and more effective humanitarian structures, UNHRD enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance, with the specific mandate to ‘assist the population living in countries aff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3224804 |
United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot Each of these locations has been selected to provide easy access to an airport, port and road systems, making access to a wide range of transportation methods available and allowing for consistently low response times of 24-48 hours. When Governments, UN agencies and NGOs look... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3224804 |
Libertarianism (from , meaning "freedom"), or libertarism (from , meaning "libertarian"), is a collection of political philosophies and movements that uphold liberty as a core principle. Libertarians seek to maximize political freedom and autonomy, emphasizing freedom of choice, voluntary association and individual jud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Left-libertarian ideologies include anarchist schools of thought, alongside many other anti-paternalist, New Left schools of thought centered around economic egalitarianism as well as geolibertarianism, green politics, market-oriented left-libertarianism and the Steiner–Vallentyne school. In the mid-20th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism The use of the term libertarian to describe a new set of political positions has been traced to the French cognate "libertaire", coined in a letter French libertarian communist Joseph Déjacque wrote to mutualist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in 1857. Déjacque also used the term for his anarchist publication "Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism 'Libertarians' had long been simply a polite word for left-wing anarchists, that is for anti-private property anarchists, either of the communist or syndicalist variety. But now we had taken it over". In the 1970s, Robert Nozick was responsible for popularizing this usage of the term in academic and phil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Although libertarianism originated as a form of left-wing politics, the development in the mid-20th century of modern libertarianism in the United States led several authors and political scientists to use two or more categorizations to distinguish libertarian views on the nature of property and capital,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism While many of its adherents prefer the term "libertarian", many conservative libertarians reject the term's association with the 1960s New Left and its connotations of libertine hedonism. The movement is divided over the use of conservatism as an alternative. Those who seek both economic and social liber... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism According to modern American libertarian Walter Block, left-libertarians and right-libertarians agree with certain libertarian premises, but "where [they] differ is in terms of the logical implications of these founding axioms". Although several modern American libertarians reject the political spectrum,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism In the United States, proponents of free-market anti-capitalism consciously label themselves as left-libertarians and see themselves as being part of a broad libertarian left. Left-libertarianism encompasses those libertarian beliefs that claim the Earth's natural resources belong to everyone in an egali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism While sharing left-libertarians' advocacy for social freedom, right-libertarians value the social institutions that enforce conditions of capitalism while rejecting institutions that function in opposition to these on the grounds that such interventions represent unnecessary coercion of individuals and a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism In the United States, "libertarian" is a typology used to describe a political position that advocates small government and is culturally liberal and fiscally conservative in a two-dimensional political spectrum such as the libertarian-inspired Nolan Chart, where the other major typologies are "conservat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism In some academic circles, this form is called "right-libertarianism" as a complement to "left-libertarianism", with acceptance of capitalism or the private ownership of land as being the distinguishing feature. Although elements of libertarianism can be traced as far back as the ancient Chinese philosoph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism that people's rights existed before government; that the purpose of government is to protect personal and property rights; that people may dissolve governments that do not do so; and that representative government is the best form to protect rights. The United States Declaration of Independence was inspi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Also influential were the English "Cato's Letters" during the early 1700s, reprinted eagerly by American colonists who already were free of European aristocracy and feudal land monopolies. In January 1776, only two years after coming to America from England, Thomas Paine published his pamphlet "Common Se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Modern anarchism sprang from the secular or religious thought of the Enlightenment, particularly Jean-Jacques Rousseau's arguments for the moral centrality of freedom. As part of the political turmoil of the 1790s in the wake of the French Revolution, William Godwin developed the first expression of mode... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Godwin considered the basic foundations of society as constraining the natural development of individuals to use their powers of reasoning to arrive at a mutually beneficial method of social organization. In each case, government and its institutions are shown to constrain the development of our capacity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Unlike mutualist anarchist philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, he argued that "it is not the product of his or her labor that the worker has a right to, but to the satisfaction of his or her needs, whatever may be their nature". According to anarchist historian Max Nettlau, the first use of the term libe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Egoist anarchists argue that egoism will foster genuine and spontaneous union between individuals. Egoism has inspired many interpretations of Stirner's philosophy. Stirner's philosophy was re-discovered and promoted by German philosophical anarchist and LGBT activist John Henry Mackay. Josiah Warren is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism These authors and activists included Émile Armand, Han Ryner, Henri Zisly, Renzo Novatore, Miguel Gimenez Igualada, Adolf Brand and Lev Chernyi. In 1873, the follower and translator of Proudhon, the Catalan Francesc Pi i Margall, became President of Spain with a program which wanted "to establish a decen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism There, in the Ukrainian Free Territory they fought in the Russian Civil War against the White movement, monarchists and other opponents of revolution and then against Bolsheviks as part of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine led by Nestor Makhno, who established an anarchist society in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism With the rise of fascism in Europe between the 1920s and the 1930s, anarchists began to fight fascists in Italy, in France during the February 1934 riots and in Spain where the CNT (Confederación Nacional del Trabajo) boycott of elections led to a right-wing victory and its later participation in voting ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism The Iberian Federation of Libertarian Youth (FIJL, Spanish: "Federación Ibérica de Juventudes Libertarias"), sometimes abbreviated as "Libertarian Youth" ("Juventudes Libertarias"), was a libertarian socialist organization created in 1932 in Madrid. At its second congress in February 1937, the FIJL organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism In 1938, Horacio Prieto, general secretary of the CNT, proposes that the Iberian Anarchist Federation transforms itself into the Libertarian Socialist Party and that it participates in the national elections. The "Manifesto of Libertarian Communism" was written in 1953 by Georges Fontenis for the "Federa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Ivison, George Molnar, Roelof Smilde, Darcy Waters and Jim Baker, as recorded in Baker's memoir "Sydney Libertarians and the Push", published in the libertarian "Broadsheet" in 1975. An understanding of libertarian values and social theory can be obtained from their publications, a few of which are avail... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Libertarian Marxism includes currents such an autonomism, council communism, left communism, Lettrism, New Left, Situationism, Socialisme ou Barbarie and operaismo, among others. In the United States, there existed from 1970 to 1981 the publication "Root & Branch" which had as a subtitle "A Libertarian M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism He put his theories to the test by establishing an experimental labor-for-labor store called the Cincinnati Time Store where trade was facilitated by labor notes. The store proved successful and operated for three years, after which it was closed so that Warren could pursue establishing colonies based on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Like Warren, he held the principle of "individual sovereignty" as being of paramount importance. Contemporary American anarchist Hakim Bey reports: For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster, "[i]t is apparent that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism For this reason he demands 'mutuality' in marriage—the equal right of a woman to her own personal freedom and property". Poet, naturalist and transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau was an important early influence in individualist anarchist thought in the United States and Europe. He is best known for his... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Individualist anarchists such as Thoreau do not speak of economics, but simply the right of disunion from the state and foresee the gradual elimination of the state through social evolution. Agorist author J. Neil Schulman cites Thoreau as a primary inspiration. Many economists since Adam Smith have argu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism In "Progress and Poverty", George argued: "Our boasted freedom necessarily involves slavery, so long as we recognize private property in land. Until that is abolished, Declarations of Independence and Acts of Emancipation are in vain. So long as one man can claim the exclusive ownership of the land from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Some Boston anarchists, including Benjamin Tucker, identified as socialists, which in the 19th century was often used in the sense of a commitment to improving conditions of the working class (i.e. "the labor problem"). Lysander Spooner, besides his individualist anarchist activism, was also an anti-slav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Later, Tucker and others abandoned their traditional support of natural rights and converted to an egoism modeled upon the philosophy of Max Stirner. A number of natural rights proponents stopped contributing in protest. Several periodicals were undoubtedly influenced by "Liberty"'s presentation of egois... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Much like the English Digger movement, who held all material possessions in common, George claimed that land and its financial properties belong to everyone, and that to hold land as private property would lead to immense inequalities, including authority from the private owners of such ground. Prior to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Often seen as some of the first practising anarchists, the Digger movement is considered extremely early libertarian communism. By around the start of the 20th century, the heyday of individualist anarchism had passed. H. L. Mencken and Albert Jay Nock were the first prominent figures in the United State... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Isabel Paterson's "The God of the Machine", Rose Wilder Lane's "The Discovery of Freedom" and Ayn Rand's "The Fountainhead" each promoted individualism and capitalism. None of the three used the term libertarianism to describe their beliefs and Rand specifically rejected the label, criticizing the burgeo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Austrian School economist Murray Rothbard was initially an enthusiastic partisan of the Old Right, particularly because of its general opposition to war and imperialism, but long embraced a reading of American history that emphasized the role of elite privilege in shaping legal and political institutions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Hess began reading American anarchists largely due to the recommendations of his friend Murray Rothbard and said that upon reading the works of communist anarchist Emma Goldman, he discovered that anarchists believed everything he had hoped the Republican Party would represent. For Hess, Goldman was the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism In 1969 and 1970, Hess joined with others, including Murray Rothbard, Robert LeFevre, Dana Rohrabacher, Samuel Edward Konkin III and former SDS leader Carl Oglesby to speak at two conferences which brought together activists from both the New Left and the Old Right in what was emerging as a nascent liber... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism " Rothbard emphasized that this was relevant as a matter of strategy as the failure to pitch the libertarian message to Middle America might result in the loss of "the tight-assed majority". This left-libertarian tradition has been carried to the present day by Konkin III's agorists, contemporary mutuali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Modern libertarianism gained significant recognition in academia with the publication of Harvard University professor Robert Nozick's "Anarchy, State, and Utopia" in 1974, for which he received a National Book Award in 1975. In response to John Rawls's "A Theory of Justice", Nozick's book supported a min... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism But now we had taken it over". The project of spreading libertarian ideals in the United States has been so successful that some Americans who do not identify as libertarian seem to hold libertarian views. Since the resurgence of neoliberalism in the 1970s, this modern American libertarianism has spread ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Left communist groups existing today include the International Communist Party, International Communist Current and the Internationalist Communist Tendency. The housing and employment crisis in most of Western Europe led to the formation of communes and squatter movements like that of Barcelona in Spain.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism One might say that contemporary anarchism is about responsibility, whether sexual, ecological or socio-economic; it flows from an experience of conscience about the manifold ways in which the West ravages the rest; it is an ethical outrage at the yawning inequality, impoverishment and disenfranchisment t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism This is based on pollsters and researchers defining libertarian views as fiscally conservative and socially liberal (based on the common United States meanings of the terms) and against government intervention in economic affairs and for expansion of personal freedoms. In a 2015 Gallup poll this figure h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Tea Party activities have declined since 2010 with the number of chapters across the country slipping from about 1,000 to 600. Mostly, Tea Party organizations are said to have shifted away from national demonstrations to local issues. Following the selection of Paul Ryan as Mitt Romney's 2012 vice presid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism The 2016 Libertarian National Convention saw Johnson and Bill Weld nominated as the 2016 presidential ticket and resulted in the most successful result for a third-party presidential candidacy since 1996 and the best in the Libertarian Party's history by vote number. Johnson received 3% of the popular vo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Since the 1950s, many American libertarian organizations have adopted a free-market stance as well as supporting civil liberties and non-interventionist foreign policies. These include the Ludwig von Mises Institute, Francisco Marroquín University, the Foundation for Economic Education, Center for Libert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism Critics such as Corey Robin describe this type of libertarianism as fundamentally a reactionary conservative ideology united with more traditionalist conservative thought and goals by a desire to enforce hierarchical power and social relations. Likewise, Nancy MacLean has argued that it is a radical righ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Libertarianism ] Remaining disputes would be solved by reasonable methods, for example, the use of juries, mutual third parties, or community and workplace assemblies". It also states that "some sort of 'court' system would still be necessary to deal with the remaining crimes and to adjudicate disputes between citizens... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3225498 |
Market mechanism In economics, the market mechanism is a mechanism by which the use of money exchanged by buyers and sellers with an open and understood system of value and time trade-offs in a market tends to optimize distribution of goods and services in at least some ways. The mechanism can exist in free markets or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3230345 |
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