text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
Naomi Klein The publication of "The Shock Doctrine" increased Klein's prominence, with "The New Yorker" judging her "the most visible and influential figure on the American left—what Howard Zinn and Noam Chomsky were thirty years ago." On February 24, 2009, the book was awarded the inaugural Warwick Prize for Writing f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22068 |
Naomi Klein Released in June 2018 as paperback and e-book, "The Battle For Paradise: Puerto Rico Takes on the Disaster Capitalists" covers what San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz refers to as the post-Hurricane Maria unmasked colonialism leading to inequality and "creating a fierce humanitarian crisis."<ref name="Haymark... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22068 |
Naomi Klein In a September 2004 article for "Harper's Magazine", she argues that, contrary to popular belief, the Bush administration did have a clear plan for post-invasion Iraq, which was to build a completely unconstrained free market economy. She describes plans to allow foreigners to extract wealth from Iraq and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22068 |
Naomi Klein ” In 2007, she described Venezuela under the Chávez government as a country where "citizens had renewed their faith in the power of democracy to improve their lives," and described Venezuela as a place sheltered by Chávez's policies from the economic shocks produced by capitalism. Rather, according to Klein... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22068 |
Naomi Klein In January 2009, during the Gaza War, Klein supported the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaign against Israel, arguing that "the best strategy to end the increasingly bloody occupation is for Israel to become the target of the kind of global movement that put an end to apartheid in South Africa.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22068 |
Naomi Klein According to her website, the book and its accompanying film (released in 2015) will be about "how the climate crisis can spur economic and political transformation." She sits on the board of directors of campaign group 350.org and took part in their "Do the Math" tour in 2013, encouraging a divestment move... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22068 |
Naomi Klein " She presented the Angry Mermaid Award (a satirical award designed to recognise the corporations who have best sabotaged the climate negotiations) to Monsanto. Writing in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, she warned that the climate crisis constitutes a massive opportunity for disaster capitalists and corporati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22068 |
Naomi Klein She was involved in 2010 G-20 Toronto summit protests, condemning police force and brutality. She spoke to a rally seeking the release of protesters in front of police headquarters on June 28, 2010. On October 6, 2011, she visited Occupy Wall Street and gave a speech declaring the protest movement "the most... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22068 |
No Logo No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies is a book by the Canadian author Naomi Klein. First published by Knopf Canada and Picador in December 1999, shortly after the 1999 WTO Ministerial Conference protests in Seattle had generated media attention around such issues, it became one of the most influential books... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22113 |
No Logo The book begins by tracing the history of brands. Klein argues that there has been a shift in the usage of branding and gives examples of this shift to "anti-brand" branding. Early examples of brands were often used to put a recognizable face on factory-produced products. These slowly gave way to the idea of se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22113 |
No Logo This section also looks at ways in which brands have "muscled" their presence into the school system, and how in doing so, they have pipelined advertisements into the schools and used their position to gather information about the students. Klein argues that this is part of a trend toward targeting younger and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22113 |
No Logo Also discussed is the way that corporations abuse copyright laws in order to silence anyone who might attempt to criticize their brand. In this section, the book takes a darker tone and looks at the way in which manufacturing jobs move from local factories to foreign countries, and particularly to places known ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22113 |
No Logo These include "Adbusters" magazine and the culture-jamming movement, as well as Reclaim the Streets and the McLibel trial. Less radical protests are also discussed, such as the various movements aimed at putting an end to sweatshop labour. Klein concludes by contrasting consumerism and citizenship, opting for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22113 |
No Logo Translations from the original English into several other languages have also been published. The subtitle, "Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies", was dropped in some later editions. Naomi Klein explains her ideas in the 40-minute video "– Brands, Globalization & Resistance" (2003), directed by Sut Jhally. Members ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22113 |
Probability distribution In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment. In more technical terms, the probability distribution is a description of a random phenomenon in terms of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Probability distribution real numbers), such as the temperature on a given day) is typically described by probability density functions (with the probability of any individual outcome actually being 0). The normal distribution is a commonly encountered continuous probability distribution. More complex experiments, such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Probability distribution In the discrete case, it is sufficient to specify a probability mass function formula_1 assigning a probability to each possible outcome: for example, when throwing a fair die, each of the six values 1 to 6 has the probability 1/6. The probability of an event is then defined to be the sum of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Probability distribution The probability that the possible values lie in some fixed interval can be related to the way sums converge to an integral; therefore, continuous probability is based on the definition of an integral. The cumulative distribution function describes the probability that the random variable is no ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Probability distribution Well-known discrete probability distributions used in statistical modeling include the Poisson distribution, the Bernoulli distribution, the binomial distribution, the geometric distribution, and the negative binomial distribution. Additionally, the discrete uniform distribution is commonly use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Probability distribution The points where jumps occur are precisely the values which the random variable may take. Consequently, a discrete probability distribution is often represented as a generalized probability density function involving Dirac delta functions, which substantially unifies the treatment of continuous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Probability distribution Formally, if "X" is a continuous random variable, then it has a probability density function "ƒ"("x"), and therefore its probability of falling into a given interval, say , is given by the integral In particular, the probability for "X" to take any single value "a" (that is ) is zero, because a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Probability distribution These random variates "X" are then transformed via some algorithm to create a new random variate having the required probability distribution. With this source of uniform pseudo-randomness, realizations of any random variable can be generated. For example, suppose formula_36 has a uniform distr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Probability distribution There is spread or variability in almost any value that can be measured in a population (e.g. height of people, durability of a metal, sales growth, traffic flow, etc.); almost all measurements are made with some intrinsic error; in physics many processes are described probabilistically, from t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23543 |
Privatization Privatisation (or privatization in American English) can mean different things including moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when a heavily regulated private company or industry becomes less regulated. Government function... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization "The Economist" magazine introduced the term "privatisation" (alternatively "privatisation" or "reprivatisation" after the German ) during the 1930s when it covered Nazi Germany's economic policy. It is not clear if the magazine coincidentally invented the word in English or if the term is a loanword from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization Metzger has written that: "Private entities [in the US] provide a vast array of social services for the government; administer core aspects of government programs; and perform tasks that appear quintessentially governmental, such as promulgating standards or regulating third-party activities." Metzger men... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization By contrast, the Ming dynasty in China began once more to practice privatization, especially with regards to their manufacturing industries. This was a reversal of the earlier Song dynasty policies, which had themselves overturned earlier policies in favor of more rigorous state control. In Britain, the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization However, it was in the 1980s under Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom and Ronald Reagan in the United States that privatization gained worldwide momentum. Notable privatization attempts in the UK included privatization of Britoil (1982), Amersham International PLC (1982), British Telecom (1984), Seal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization Private investment in infrastructure from 1990 and 2001 reached $360.5 billion, $150 billion more than in the next emerging economy. While economists generally give favorable evaluations of the impact of privatization in Latin America, opinion polls and public protests across the countries suggest that a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization In September 2003, Koizumi's cabinet proposed splitting Japan Post into four separate companies: a bank, an insurance company, a postal service company, and a fourth company to handle the post offices and retail storefronts of the other three. After the Upper House rejected privatization, Koizumi schedule... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization Even former Conservative prime minister Harold Macmillan was critical of the policy, likening it to "selling the family silver". There were around 3 million shareholders in Britain when Thatcher took office in 1979, but the subsequent sale of state-run firms saw the number of shareholders double by 1985. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization Governments in developing countries and transition countries more often resort to direct asset sales to a few investors, partly because those countries do not yet have a stock market with high capital. Voucher privatization occurred mainly in the transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe, such as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization Through privatization by direct asset sale or the stock market, bidders compete to offer higher prices, generating more revenue for the state. Voucher privatization, on the other hand, could represent a genuine transfer of assets to the general population, creating a sense of participation and inclusion. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization The more competitive the industry, the greater the improvement in output, profitability, and efficiency. Such efficiency gains mean a one-off increase in GDP, but through improved incentives to innovate and reduce costs also tend to raise the rate of economic growth. Although typically there are many cost... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization Privatizations in Russia and Latin America were accompanied by large-scale corruption during the sale of the state-owned companies. Those with political connections unfairly gained large wealth, which has discredited privatization in these regions. While media have widely reported the grand corruption tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization On the one hand, economic indicators, including firm profitability, productivity, and growth, project positive microeconomic results. On the other hand, however, these results have largely been met with a negative criticism and citizen coalitions. This neoliberal criticism highlights the ongoing conflict ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization net/cpsu/pages/1573/attachments/original/1508714447/Taking_Back_Control_FINAL.pdf?1508714447 made a range of recommendations to provide accountability and transparency in the process. The report highlighted privatisation in healthcare, aged care, child care, social services, government departments, electr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization Some national constitutions in effect define their governments' "core businesses" as being the provision of such things as justice, tranquility, defense, and general welfare. These governments' direct provision of security, stability, and safety, is intended to be done for the common good (in the public i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Privatization In their model, a manager can make investments to increase quality (but they may also increase costs) and investments to decrease costs (but they may also reduce quality). It turns out that it depends on the particular situation whether private ownership or public ownership is desirable. The Hart-Shleifer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24661 |
Prime time The prime time or the peak time is the block of broadcast programming taking place during the middle of the evening for television programming. It is used by the major television networks to broadcast their season's nightly programming. The term "prime time" is often defined in terms of a fixed time period—f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time In Chinese television, the 19:00-to-22:00 time slot is known as Golden Time Also Known "Party time",(Traditional Chinese: 黄金時間; Simplified Chinese: 黄金时间; Pinyin: Huángjīn shíjiān). The term also influenced a nickname of a strip of holidays in known as Golden Week. usually takes place from 19:00 until 22:00. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time Especially, the 19:00-to-22:00 time slot is also known as . The term also influenced a nickname of a strip of holidays in Japan known as Golden Week. Malaysian prime time starts with the main news from 20:00 to 20:30 (now 20:00 to 21:00) and ends either at 23:00 or 1:00, or possibly later. Usually, programme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time In the Philippines, prime-time blocks begin at 18:00 (now 17:50 or 17:00) and run until about 23:00 (or 23:30) on weekdays, and 19:00 to 23:00 on weekends. The weekday prime-time blocks usually consists of local teleseryes (soap operas) and foreign television series. The network's highest-rated programs are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time On Suria, prime time ends at 22:30 on Monday to Thursday nights, 23:30 on Friday nights, 23:00 on weekends and at 00:30 or 01:00 on eve and actual days of Public Holidays. On Vasantham, prime time ends at 23:00 on Mondays to Thursdays, midnight (or later) on Friday and Saturday nights and at 23:30 on Sunday ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time In Croatia, prime time starts between 20:00 and 20:15. Croatian public broadcaster HRT broadcasts a daily newscast from 19:00 to 20:00. Also, many private broadcasters have daily newscasts either before or after the HTY newscast, at around 20.05, followed by the start of their own prime time. Many broadcaste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time In Greece, prime time runs from 21:00 (usually following the news) to midnight. In Hungary, prime time on weekdays on the two big commercial stations (RTL Klub and TV2) starts at 19:00 with game shows, tabloid and docu-reality programmes. At 21:00, two popular soap operas air: "Barátok közt" and "Jóban Rossz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time On Friday and Saturday night some shows last until 01:30–02:00. It usually follows news and, on some networks (like Rai 1 and Canale 5), a slot called "access prime time". Shows, movies, and sport events are usually shown during prime time. Much like in Germany, prime time in the Netherlands usually begins a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time Public television in Slovakia consists of two channels; on the main channel (Jednotka) prime time starts at 20:10, and on the second one (Dvojka) prime-time programming starts at 20:00. The two biggest private broadcasters set the start of prime-time programming at 20:20 (Markíza) and 20:30 (JOJ). Generally,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time Fellow public channel La 1 also tried to pull prime time back to 21:00 in early 2015, to no avail. The lateness in the start of prime time in Spain is also due to Spanish culture. Spanish people generally work from 09:00–14:00 and then from 17:00–20:00 as opposed to the standard 09:00–17:00. The popular late... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time Affiliates in the Mountain, Alaskan, and Hawaiian zones are either on their own to delay broadcast by an hour or two, or collectively form a small, regional network feed with others in the same time zone. is commonly defined as 8:00–11:00 p.m. Eastern/Pacific, Such as TBS, HGTV AND ABC FAMILY, and 7:00–10:00... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time Since the early 2000s, the major networks have come to consider Saturday prime time as a graveyard slot, and have largely abandoned scheduling of new scripted programming on that night. The major networks still maintain a prime-time programming schedule on Saturdays; while live sporting events (most commonly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time In contrast, CBS does not, as its weekly newsmagazine "60 Minutes" has traditionally aired as close to 7:00 p.m. ET as possible. Even if a game runs past that hour, CBS shows "60 Minutes" in its entirety after the conclusion of coverage, and the rest of the prime-time schedule on the East Coast is shifted to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time The change helped instigate what is colloquially known as the "rural purge"—a long-term trend away from programs appealing to older and rural audiences in favor of programs catering towards younger, "urban" viewers. As a result, the hour became a lucrative timeslot for syndicated programming in the years tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time In Quebec, the largest Francophone area of North America, French-language programming consists of originally produced programs (most of which are produced in Montreal, with a few produced in Quebec City) and a few French-language dubs of English language programs. On all of the Quebec networks, entertainment... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time The difference between peak radio listenership and television viewership times is due to the fact that people listen to their radios most often while driving to and from work (hence the name "drive time"). A survey by Nielsen revealed that viewers watched almost two hours' worth of TV during prime time. In a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Prime time to midnight, following Australian Eastern Standard Time, with the highest ratings normally achieved between 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. Traditionally, prime time in New Zealand is considered to be 7:30pm to 10:30pm, but can be extended to cover the entire evening of television (5:30pm to 11:00pm). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24973 |
Rational choice theory Rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior. The basic premise of rational choice theory is that aggregate social behavior results from the behavior of individual actors, e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory This could culminate in a student deciding on whether to attend a lecture or stay in bed, a shopper deciding to provide their own bag to avoid the five pence charge or even a voter deciding which candidate or party based on who will fulfill their needs the best on issues that have an impact on th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory Proponents of such models, particularly those associated with the Chicago school of economics, do not claim that a model's assumptions are an accurate description of reality, only that they help formulate clear and falsifiable hypotheses. In this view, the only way to judge the success of a hypot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory It has had far-reaching impacts on the study of political science, especially in fields like the study of interest groups, elections, behaviour in legislatures, coalitions, and bureaucracy. In these fields, the use of the rational choice paradigm to explain broad social phenomena is the subject o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory , there is nothing irrational in preferring fish to meat the first time, but there is something irrational in preferring fish to meat in one instant and preferring meat to fish in another, without anything else having changed. The premise of rational choice theory as a social science methodology ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory The available alternatives are often expressed as a set of objects, for example a set of "j" exhaustive and exclusive actions: For example, if a person can choose to vote for either Roger or Sara or to abstain, their set of possible alternatives is: The theory makes two technical assumptions abou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory Under standard preferences, the amount that an individual is willing to pay for an item (such as a drinking mug) is assumed to equal the amount he or she is willing to be paid in order to part with it. In experiments, the latter price is sometimes significantly higher than the former (but see Plo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory Other economists have developed more theories of human decision-making that allow for the roles of uncertainty, institutions, and determination of individual tastes by their socioeconomic environment (cf. Fernandez-Huerga, 2008). Martin Hollis and Edward J. Nell's 1975 book offers both a philosop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory They base their critique of neo-classicism not only on their critique of positivism but also on the alternative they propose, rationalism. Indeed, they argue that rationality is central to neo-classical economics – as rational choice – and that this conception of rationality is misused. Demands a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory As the specific claims of robust neoclassicism fade into the history of economic thought, an orientation toward situating explanations of economic phenomena in relation to rationality has increasingly become the touchstone by which mainstream economists identify themselves and recognize each othe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory Schram and Caterino (2006) contains a fundamental methodological criticism of rational choice theory for promoting the view that the natural science model is the only appropriate methodology in social science and that political science should follow this model, with its emphasis on quantification... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory This also undermines methodological individualism; if behaviour cannot be reliably predicted on the basis of the ‘rational choices of agents’, a social order cannot reliably follow from the choices of agents. Furthermore, Pierre Bourdieu fiercely opposed rational choice theory as grounded in a mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory Thus, when living at subsistence level where a reduction of resources may have meant death it may have been rational to place a greater value on losses than on gains. Proponents argue it may also explain differences between groups. The rational choice approach allows preferences to be represented... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory The relationship between the rational choice theory and politics takes many forms, whether that be in voter behaviour, the actions of world leaders or even the way that important matters are dealt with. Voter behaviour shifts significantly thanks to rational theory, which is ingrained in human na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Rational choice theory There is a trend to this, as a comprehensive study carried out by three political scientists concluded, as a ‘turn to the right’ occurs and it is clear that it is the work of the rational theory because within ten years the politics returns to a more common state. The fear for many is that ration... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25400 |
Robert Nozick (; November 16, 1938 – January 23, 2002) was an American philosopher. He held the Joseph Pellegrino University Professorship at Harvard University, and was president of the American Philosophical Association. He is best known for his books "Philosophical Explanations" (1981), which included his counterfac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26275 |
Robert Nozick In addition, at Columbia he founded the local chapter of the Student League for Industrial Democracy, which in 1962 changed its name to Students for a Democratic Society. That same year, after receiving his bachelor of arts degree in 1959, he married Barbara Fierer. They had two children, Emily and David.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26275 |
Robert Nozick " "Anarchy, State, and Utopia" claims a heritage from John Locke's "Second Treatise on Government" and seeks to ground itself upon a natural law doctrine, but reaches some importantly different conclusions from Locke himself in several ways. Most controversially, Nozick argued that a consistent upholding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26275 |
Robert Nozick Nozick believed the counterfactual conditionals bring out an important aspect of our intuitive grasp of knowledge: For any given fact, the believer's method must reliably track the truth despite varying relevant conditions. In this way, Nozick's theory is similar to reliabilism. Due to certain counterexam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26275 |
Robert Nozick Nozick suggests that citizens who are opposed to wealth redistribution which fund programs they object to, should be able to opt out by supporting alternative government approved charities with an added 5% surcharge. However, Jeff Riggenbach has noted that in an interview conducted in July 2001, he stated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26275 |
Robert Nozick "Socratic Puzzles" (1997) is a collection of papers that range in topic from Ayn Rand and Austrian economics to animal rights. A thesis claims that "social ties are deeply interconnected with vital parts of Nozick's later philosophy", citing these two works as a development of "The Examined Life". His las... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26275 |
Robert Nozick Often content to raise tantalizing philosophical possibilities and then leave judgment to the reader, Nozick was also notable for drawing from literature outside of philosophy (e.g., economics, physics, evolutionary biology). In his 2001 work, "Invariances", Nozick introduces his theory of truth, in which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26275 |
Ronald Coase Ronald Harry Coase (; 29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author. He was the Clifton R. Musser Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School, where he arrived in 1964 and remained for the rest of his life. He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Scienc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase At Kilburn, he studied for the intermediate examination of the University of London as an external student in 1927–29. Coase married Marion Ruth Hartung of Chicago, Illinois in Willesden, England, 7 August 1937. Although they were unable to have children, they were married 75 years until her death in 2012,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase He was also for a time a trustee of the Philadelphia Society. He received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991. Nearing his 100th birthday, Coase was working on a book concerning the rise of the economies of China and Vietnam. In an interview, Coase explained the mission of the Coase China Society and his ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase Given that "production could be carried on without any organization [that is, firms] at all", Coase asks, why and under what conditions should we expect firms to emerge? Since modern firms can only emerge when an entrepreneur of some sort begins to hire people, Coase's analysis proceeds by considering the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase Coase notices "decreasing returns to the entrepreneur function", including increasing overhead costs and increasing propensity for an overwhelmed manager to make mistakes in resource allocation. These factors become countervailing costs to the use of the firm. Coase argues that the size of a firm (as measu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase A further exploration of the dichotomy between markets and hierarchies as co-ordination mechanisms for economic transactions, derived a third alternative way called Commons based peer production, in which individuals successfully collaborate on large-scale projects following a diverse cluster of motivation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase The example he gave was of a rancher whose cattle stray onto the cropland of his neighbour. If the rancher is made to restrict his cattle, he is harmed just as the farmer is if the cattle remain unrestrained. Coase argued that without transaction costs the initial assignment of property rights makes no dif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase This seminal argument forms the basis of the famous Coase theorem as labelled by Stigler. Though trained as an economist, Coase spent much of his career working in a law school. He is a central figure in the development of the subfield of law and economics. He viewed law and economics as having two parts, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase But it can hardly be denied that in the emergence of the subject of law and economics, Chicago has played a very significant part and one of which the University can be proud. Another important contribution of Coase is the Coase conjecture, which states that an informal argument that durable-goods monopoli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Ronald Coase The University of Chicago Law School carries on the legacy of through the mission of the Coase-Sandor Institute for Law and Economics. Each year, the University of Chicago Law School hosts the Coase Lecture, which was delivered in 2003 by himself. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26354 |
Statistics is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics Descriptive statistics are most often concerned with two sets of properties of a "distribution" (sample or population): "central tendency" (or "location") seeks to characterize the distribution's central or typical value, while "dispersion" (or "variability") characterizes the extent to which members of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics Measurement processes that generate statistical data are also subject to error. Many of these errors are classified as random (noise) or systematic (bias), but other types of errors (e.g., blunder, such as when an analyst reports incorrect units) can also occur. The presence of missing data or censoring may ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics Ideally, statisticians compile data about the entire population (an operation called census). This may be organized by governmental statistical institutes. "Descriptive statistics" can be used to summarize the population data. Numerical descriptors include mean and standard deviation for continuous data type... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics Inference can extend to forecasting, prediction and estimation of unobserved values either in or associated with the population being studied; it can include extrapolation and interpolation of time series or spatial data, and can also include data mining. Mathematical statistics is the application of mathema... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics The earliest European writing on statistics dates back to 1663, with the publication of "Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality" by John Graunt. Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around the needs of states to base policy on demographic and economic data, hence its "s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics Galton's contributions included introducing the concepts of standard deviation, correlation, regression analysis and the application of these methods to the study of the variety of human characteristics—height, weight, eyelash length among others. Pearson developed the Pearson product-moment correlation coef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics He originated the concepts of sufficiency, ancillary statistics, Fisher's linear discriminator and Fisher information. In his 1930 book "The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection", he applied statistics to various biological concepts such as Fisher's principle (which A. W. F. Edwards called "probably the mos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics itself also provides tools for prediction and forecasting through statistical models. The idea of making inferences based on sampled data began around the mid-1600s in connection with estimating populations and developing precursors of life insurance. To use a sample as a guide to an entire population, it is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics Statistical inference, however, moves in the opposite direction—inductively inferring from samples to the parameters of a larger or total population. A common goal for a statistical research project is to investigate causality, and in particular to draw a conclusion on the effect of changes in the values of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics The basic steps of a statistical experiment are: Experiments on human behavior have special concerns. The famous Hawthorne study examined changes to the working environment at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company. The researchers were interested in determining whether increased illumination wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Statistics A case-control study is another type of observational study in which people with and without the outcome of interest (e.g. lung cancer) are invited to participate and their exposure histories are collected. Various attempts have been made to produce a taxonomy of levels of measurement. The psychophysicist St... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26685 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.