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Fundraising Many non-profit organizations solicit funds for a financial endowment, which is a sum of money that is invested to generate an annual return. Although endowments may be created when a sizable gift is received from an individual or family, often as directed in a will upon the death of a family member, they m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=917917 |
Fundraising Events and their associated fundraisers can be a major source of a group's revenue, visibility and donor relations. One specific type of event is the "ad book" fundraiser, where those who wish to give funds to a fundraising group do so through the sponsorship or statement within a book of advertisements. On... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=917917 |
Fundraising Research by Peter Maple in the UK shows that charities generally underinvest in good marketing research spending around a quarter of what an equivalent sized for profit company might spend. Donor relations and stewardship professionals support fundraisers by recognizing and thanking donors, and demonstratin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=917917 |
Fundraising Second, "pledges are emphasized as commitments payable over a number of years convenient to the donor or through the transfer of appreciated real or personal property". Various types of capital campaigns have been identified. The traditional "brick and mortar" campaign, focused on building construction or i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=917917 |
Fundraising Another example is put in place a mechanism which allows donors to contraint usage of funds toward a specific purpose and closely monitor/allow spending to ensure proper usage. Many non-profit organizations take advantage of the services of professional fundraisers. These fundraisers may be paid for their s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=917917 |
Fundraising The term "professional fundraiser" is in many cases a legislated term referring to third-party firms whose services are contracted for, whereas "fundraising professionals" or development officers are often individuals or staff at charitable non-profits. Although potentially confusing, the distinction is an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=917917 |
Fundraising Since 2016, online giving has grown by 17% in the United States. In 2018, digital fundraising accounted for 8.5% percent of charitable donations and 24% of online donations were made on a mobile device in the United States. Organizations in the United States established for charitable purposes are allowed t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=917917 |
Demand curve In economics, a demand curve is a graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity (the "y"-axis) and the quantity of that commodity that is demanded at that price (the "x"-axis). Demand curves may be used to model the price-quantity relationship for an individual consumer (an indi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=920978 |
Demand curve Demand curves are often graphed as straight lines, where "a" and "b" are parameters: The constant "a" embodies the effects of all factors other than price that affect demand. If income were to change, for example, the effect of the change would be represented by a change in the value of "a" and be reflecte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=920978 |
Demand curve As an example, weather could be a factor in the demand for beer at a baseball game. When income increases, the demand curve for normal goods shifts outward as more will be demanded at all prices, while the demand curve for inferior goods shifts inward due to the increased attainability of superior substitu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=920978 |
Demand curve " Thus a change in a non-price determinant of demand is reflected in a change in the x-intercept causing the curve to shift along the x axis. PED is a measure of the sensitivity of the quantity variable, Q, to changes in the price variable, P. Elasticity answers the question of how much the quantity will c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=920978 |
Demand curve If the price axis in the graph represents the price before addition of tax and/or subtraction of subsidy then the demand curve moves inward when a tax is introduced, and outward when a subsidy is introduced. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=920978 |
John Ramsay McCulloch (1 March 1789 – 11 November 1864) was a Scottish economist, author and editor, widely regarded as the leader of the Ricardian school of economists after the death of David Ricardo in 1823. He was appointed the first professor of political economy at University College London in 1828. He wrote exte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=923035 |
John Ramsay McCulloch McCulloch used it to illustrate that "time cannot of itself produce effect; it merely affords space for really efficient causes to operate, and it is therefore clear it can have nothing to do with value." Reflecting on discussions in the Political Economy Club, Ricardo had privately expressed his ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=923035 |
Intensive stage Intensive stage, or by its full name, "predominantly intensive stage of accumulation" pertains to one of the periodizations of capitalism, as proposed by Aglietta (1976). It is the second stage of capitalism: when the extensive stage becomes exhausted, expansion of (commodity) production is reduced to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=929378 |
World3 nonrenewable resource sector The world3 nonrenewable resource sector is the portion of the world3 model that simulates the nonrenewable resources. The World3 model was a simulation of human interaction with the environment designed in the 1970s to predict population and living standards over the course of the ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=934627 |
World3 nonrenewable resource sector The way this variable is used is in the equation that calculates industrial output. Basically, it works as effective_output = industrial_capital*other_factors*(1-fcaor). This causes the amount of resources expended to depend on the amount of industrial capital, and not on the amount ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=934627 |
World3 nonrenewable resource sector 5, the effective output is 0.90 (= 1.0 * (1 - 0.10)). Another useful way to look at this equation is to reverse it and see how much effective capital is required to get 1 unit of effective output (i.e. effective_output / (1 - fcaor) = effective_capital). So, when nrfr is 1.0, the eff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=934627 |
Thom Hartmann Thomas Carl Hartmann (born May 7, 1951) is an American radio personality, author, former psychotherapist, businessman, and progressive political commentator. Hartmann has been hosting a nationally syndicated radio show, "The Program", since 2003 and hosted a nightly television show, "The Big Picture", bet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann In 2008 Hartmann started a daily TV show, "The Big Picture". The RT network began carrying the show in 2010 and Hartmann left the show at the end of September 2017. Hartmann was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, one of four children of Jean and Carl Thomas Hartmann. His paternal grandparents were from Norwa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann In 1971 he was ordained as a Minister with Coptic Fellowship International. He has been a keynote speaker at many Coptic Conferences nationally. In 1973, Hartmann returned to Detroit to work as an engineer with RCA. He met his wife Louise in the late 1960s. They have been married for over 45 years and hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann According to their website, Sprayberry Travel was lauded by the Wall Street Journal in 1984 for being one of the early adopters of frequent travel programs analogous to the recently initiated frequent flyer programs of the airline industry. He sold his share in the business in 1986 and retired with his fa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann ET daypart, was chosen by Air America to replace Al Franken on most Air America affiliates in 2007. From 2008 to 2011, "Talkers Magazine" rated Hartmann the most popular liberal talk show host in America, rising from number 10 among all talk show hosts in 2008 to number 8 in 2011 and 2015. According to hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann Due to his eagerness to invite people who disagree with him, vigorous discussion and debate between the host and guests usually ensues; "My goal in my conversations with conservatives is not to create a spectacle, and not to win the argument, not to prove that I'm the smartest guy in the room or that I'm ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann ET Monday to Friday, "The Big Picture with Thom Hartmann," which was editorially directed by his wife and broadcast from the Washington, D.C., studios of the RT news network. Hartmann co-produced the program with RT, who provided studio and carriage, while Hartmann retained full editorial control of his p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann Trained in the 1970s in Neuro-Linguistic Programming by Richard Bandler (Hartmann is licensed by Bandler's Society of NLP as both an NLP Practitioner and an NLP Trainer, and Bandler wrote the foreword to his book "Healing ADD"), Hartmann popularized some of its concepts in "Cracking the Code" (2007), whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann Hartmann also narrated the 2011 documentary film "" In September 2013, Hartmann was granted an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Goddard College in Port Townsend, Washington. According to President Barbara Vacarr, "Thom's work as a journalist, author and community activist is a living example of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann He contends that the 2000 American election and 2004 American election were stolen through electronic tampering, denial of the voting franchise by rigged voting lists, and limiting availability of voting machines in selected precincts. He also accuses the Bush administration of eroding democracy and indiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Thom Hartmann " One of the book's main arguments is that media deregulation leads to corporate media's shifting the American consensus towards the acceptance of privatization and massive corporate profits—which causes the shrinking of the middle class. In a 2013 interview with "Politico," Hartmann described his politic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944577 |
Secondary labor market The secondary labor market is the labor market consisting of high-turnover, low-pay, and usually part-time or temporary work. Sometimes, secondary jobs are performed by high school or college students. The majority of service sector, light manufacturing, and retail jobs are considered secondary l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=945919 |
Secondary labor market The Neoclassical school had argued that these differences were due to disparities in worker productivity based on employees' different human capital endowments, but as critics have pointed out, most of them would be due to institutional factors more than to economic causes. In other words, it is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=945919 |
Crop insurance is purchased by agricultural producers, and subsidized by the federal government, to protect against either the loss of their crops due to natural disasters, such as hail, drought, and floods, or the loss of revenue due to declines in the prices of agricultural commodities. The two general categories of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=952258 |
Crop insurance In the United States, a subsidized multi-peril federal insurance program, administered by the Risk Management Agency, is available to most farmers. The program is authorized by the Federal Crop Insurance Act (which is actually title V of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, P.L. 75-430), as amended. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=952258 |
Crop insurance These early efforts were not particularly successful due to high program costs and low participation rates among farmers. The program had difficulty amassing sufficient reserves to pay claims and was not financially viable. In 1980, Congress passed legislation to increase participation in the Federal Cro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=952258 |
Crop insurance agricultural producers and a vital component of the farm safety net, addressing both the risks associated with price volatility and with unexpected disasters.(5) is a risk-based program that currently covers more than 100 crops (6) and does not make annual subsidy payments to farmers. When crop insurance... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=952258 |
Crop insurance CI has varied little over the years in that it was designed on the basis of participation by both levels of government (federal and provincial) and producers, shared program costs, voluntary participation, provincial administration, and actuarial soundness in the long run. The CI Act of 1959 enabled the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=952258 |
Crop insurance Other changes included waterfowl crop damage compensation, and regulations concerning self-sustainability and actuarial soundness requirements. Although federal legislation establishes the national framework, much flexibility exists for provinces to modify the program to meet the needs of their producers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=952258 |
Crop insurance It is voluntary for all other farmers. The premium is subsidized for farmers who own less than two hectares of land. This insurance follows the area approach. This means that instead of individual farmers, a specific area is insured. The area may vary from gram panchayat (an administrative unit containin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=952258 |
Genuine progress indicator (GPI) is a metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product (GDP) . The GPI is designed to take fuller account of the well-being of a nation, only a part of which pertains to the size of the nation's economy, by incorporating environmental and social factors wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator " It has been noted that such data may also be embraced by those who attempt to "internalize externalities" by making companies pay the costs of the pollution they create (rather than having the government or society at large bear those costs) "by taxing their goods proportionally to their ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator Most economists assess progress in people's welfare by comparing the gross domestic product over time—that is, by adding up the annual dollar value of all goods and services produced within a country over successive years. However, GDP was not intended to be used for such purpose. It is prone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator Some have argued that an adequate measure must also take into account ecological yield and the ability of nature to provide services, and that these things are part of a more inclusive ideal of progress, which transcends the traditional focus on raw industrial production. The need for a GPI t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator Cobb and Philip Lawn, have asserted that a country's growth, increased goods production, and expanding services have both "costs" and "benefits"—not just the "benefits" that contribute to GDP. They assert that, in some situations, expanded production facilities damage the health, culture, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator Such effects have been very marked in areas that suffered serious deforestation, notably Haiti, Indonesia, and some coastal mangrove regions of India and South America. Some of the worst land abuses for instance have been shrimp farming operations that destroyed mangroves, evicted families, l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator From a national income perspective, it is necessary to answer the following question: "Can a nation's entire GDP be consumed without undermining its ability to produce and consume the same GDP in the future?" This question is largely ignored in contemporary economics but fits under the idea o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator The EU and Canadian efforts are among the most advanced in any of the G8 or OECD nations, but there are parallel efforts to measure quality of life or standard of living in health (not strictly wealth) terms in all developed nations. This has also been a recent focus of the labour movement. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator For example, the GPI template uses the phrase "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Damage" whereas the state of Maryland uses "Cost of Climate Change" because it also accounts for other greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and nitrous oxide. Non-profit organizations and universities have measured the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator While economic elements of GPI have increased overall (with a significant drop off during the Great Recession), social well-being has stagnated, with any values added being cancelled out by costs deducted, and environmental indicators, while improving slightly, are always considered costs. Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator In the 1990s and 2000s the growth of GDP has not benefited the average Finn. If measured by GPI, sustainable economic welfare has actually decreased due to environmental hazards that have accumulated in the environment. The Finnish GPI time series have been updated by Dr Jukka Hoffrén at Stat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Genuine progress indicator It is hard to say what they exactly indicate and difficult to make decisions based on them. They can be compared to an indicator that shows the mean of a car's velocity and the amount of fuel left. They add that it indeed seems as if the economy has to grow in order for the people to even rem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972079 |
Obshchina (, literally "commune") or mir (, literally "society", among other meanings), or selskoye obshchestvo (, "rural community", official term in the 19th and 20th century; ), were peasant village communities as opposed to individual farmsteads, or khutors, in Imperial Russia. The term derives from the word "obshc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972971 |
Obshchina In the first case, lands reserved for serf use were assigned to the mir for allocation by the proprietor. Even after the 1861 emancipation of the serfs, a peasant in his everyday work normally had little independence from obshchina, governed at the village level ("mir") by the full assembly of the community (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972971 |
Obshchina The relationship between the individual peasant, the family and the community leads to a specific social structure categorized by the creation of familial alliances to apportion risks between members of the community. In the obshchina, alliances were formed primarily through marriage and common descent of kin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972971 |
Obshchina The names attached to calendar dates, the calendrical periods into which they were grouped, the day on the week on which each fell, and the sayings connected with them encoded information about when to undertake tasks, but also about when not to work, when it was necessary to perform symbolic actions, take pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972971 |
Obshchina The mir or obshchina became a topic in political philosophy with the publication of August von Haxthausen's book in 1847. It was in the mid-19th century that Slavophiles discovered the mir. Romantic nationalists and the Slavophiles hailed the mir as a purely Russian collective, both ancient and venerable; fre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972971 |
Obshchina The 19th-century Russian philosophers attached signal importance to obshchina as a unique feature distinguishing Russia from other countries. Alexander Herzen, for example, hailed this pre-capitalist institution as a germ of the future socialist society. His Slavophile opponent Aleksey Khomyakov regarded obsh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972971 |
Obshchina On the other hand, the contemporaneity of western production, which dominates the world market, allows Russia to incorporate in the commune all the positive acquisitions devised by the capitalist system without passing through its Caudine Forks [i.e. undergo humiliation in defeat]. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=972971 |
Snob effect The snob effect is a phenomenon described in microeconomics as a situation where the demand for a certain good by individuals of a higher income level is inversely related to its demand by those of a lower income level. The "snob effect" contrasts most other microeconomic models, in that the demand curve ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=975110 |
Snob effect Collectors within a specific field can suffer from snob effect, searching for the rarest and often most expensive collectibles. Such examples are classic automobiles, stamps and coins. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=975110 |
Mark Twain effect In some stock markets, the is the phenomenon of stock returns in October being lower than in other months. The name comes from a line in Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson: "October. This is one of the peculiarly dangerous months to speculate in stocks. The others are July, January, September, April, Nove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=975111 |
Knowledge worker Knowledge workers are workers whose main capital is knowledge. Examples include programmers, physicians, pharmacists, architects, engineers, scientists, design thinkers, public accountants, lawyers, and academics, and any other white-collar workers, whose line of work requires one to ""think for a livi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker It should thus be acknowledged that the term "knowledge worker" can be quite broad in its meaning, and is not always definitive in who it refers to. Knowledge workers spend 38% of their time searching for information. They are also often displaced from their bosses, working in various departments and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker Loo ( 2017) using empirical findings from knowledge workers of two sectors – advertising and IT software sectors – and from three developed countries – England, Japan and Singapore – investigated a specific type of knowledge workers – the creative knowledge workers - as opposed to the generic ones as i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker Taking aesthetic sensibility as an example, for a creative director, it is a visual imagery whether still or moving via a camera lens and for a software programmer, it is the innovative technical expertise in which the software is written. Other sector-related creative applications include an emotional... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker As regards the managerial roles of creative directing and systems programme managing, the abilities to create a vision for the job in hand, to convince, strategize, execute, and plan towards the eventual completion of the given task (such as a campaign or a software) are necessary capacities (Loo, 2017... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker However, the degree of technical expertise may be less for a programme manager, as only knowledge of the relevant software language is necessary to understand the issues for communicating with the team of developers and testers. The technical know-how for a creative director relates only to the underst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker This form of working may occur within the organisation, as a stand-alone group for a specific project in the organisation, or as a sub-contracted team outside the organisation. Within this role, creative knowledge workers may perform their activities individually and/or collectively as part of their co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker Toffler (1990) observed that typical knowledge workers (especially R&D scientists and engineers) in the age of knowledge economy must have some system at their disposal to "create, process and enhance" their own knowledge. In some cases they would also need to manage the knowledge of their co-workers. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker Using data, in the Knowledge Age, 2% of the working population will work on the land, 10% will work in Industry and the rest will be knowledge workers. Davenport (2005) says that the rise of knowledge work has actually been foreseen for years. He points to the fact that Fritz Machlup did a lot of the e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker While he echoes concern over copyright and intellectual property law being challenged in the marketplace, he feels strongly that businesses must engage in collaboration to survive. He sees on-going alliance of public (government) and private (commercial) teams to solve problems, referencing the open so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker Due to the rapid global expansion of information-based transactions and interactions being conducted via the Internet, there has been an ever-increasing demand for a workforce that is capable of performing these activities. Knowledge Workers are now estimated to outnumber all other workers in North Ame... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker These include: These knowledge worker contributions are in contrast with activities that they would typically "not" be asked to perform, including: There is a set of transitional tasks which include roles that are seemingly routine, but that require deeper technology, product, or customer knowledge to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker In two empirical studies they have "proposed a new way of classifying the roles of knowledge workers and the knowledge actions they perform during their daily work." The typology of knowledge worker roles suggested by them are "controller, helper, learner, linker, networker, organizer, retriever, share... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker Using empirical data from advertising and software development in England, Japan and Singapore, it develops a new conceptual framework to analyse the complexities of creative knowledge work. The framework draws from four disciplines of business and management, economics, sociology and psychology (Loo, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Knowledge worker All the three types of micro-level of creative knowledge work offer a highly contextualized understanding of how these workers operate in the knowledge economy. This approach is different from that taken by Zuboff (1988), Drucker (1993), Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) and Reich (2001) who sought to provide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979202 |
Graham number The or Benjamin is a figure used in securities investing that measures a stock's so-called fair value. Named after Benjamin Graham, the founder of value investing, the can be calculated as follows: formula_1 The final number is, theoretically, the maximum price that a defensive investor should pay for the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=979503 |
Shock (economics) In economics, a shock is an unexpected or unpredictable event that affects an economy, either positively or negatively. Technically, it is an unpredictable change in exogenous factors — that is, factors unexplained by economics — which may influence endogenous economic variables. The response of econo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=982802 |
Shock (economics) A monetary policy shock occurs when a central bank departs, without advance warning, from its pattern of interest rate or money supply control. A fiscal policy shock is an unexpected change in government spending or taxation levels. In the context of microeconomics, shocks are also studied at the hous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=982802 |
Lifestyle business A lifestyle business is a business set up and run by its founders primarily with the aim of sustaining a particular level of income and no more; or to provide a foundation from which to enjoy a particular lifestyle. Some types of enterprise are more accessible than others to the would-be lifestyle bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=985939 |
Lifestyle business In the derogatory sense, a business started with the intention of becoming a startup, but which instead becomes a smaller business is often referred to as a lifestyle business by investors or other detractors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=985939 |
Total shareholder return (TSR) (or simply total return) is a measure of the performance of different companies' stocks and shares over time. It combines share price appreciation and dividends paid to show the total return to the shareholder expressed as an annualized percentage. It is calculated by the growth in capita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=986625 |
Total shareholder return However, as an approximation over one year it can be calculated as follows with: formula_1 = share price at beginning of year, formula_2 = share price at end of year, "Dividends" = dividends paid over year and "TSR" = total shareholder return, TSR is computed as formula_3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=986625 |
Maurice Dobb Maurice Herbert Dobb (24 July 1900 – 17 August 1976) was a British economist at Cambridge University and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He is remembered as one of the pre-eminent Marxist economists of the 20th century. was born on 24 July 1900 in London, the son of Walter Herbert Dobb and the form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Maurice Dobb One of his students, Victor Kiernan, later reported: "We had no time then to assimilate Marxist theory more than very roughly; it was only beginning to take root in England, although it had one remarkable expounder at Cambridge in Maurice Dobb." Dobb's house, "St Andrews" in Chesterton Lane, was a frequent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Maurice Dobb Over the span of his career he published twelve academic books, more than twenty-four pamphlets, and numerous articles meant for general audiences. He often wrote on political economy, drawing a connection between the social context and problems in society and how that influences market exchange. "Economic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Maurice Dobb In the same year he had given a lecture describing a recent trip to Russia, which prompted some to call him a "paid official of the Russian government", and in turn caused a small scandal at Cambridge. Dobb responded by writing an article in "The Times" claiming he had no connection to the Soviet Union. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Maurice Dobb His second publication, "On Marxism To-Day" (1932) was another pamphlet meant to be a rudimentary introduction to communism directed to the general public. died on 17 August 1976. Before his death in 1976 and the downfall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Dobb started to question his earlier devotion to Russia’... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Maurice Dobb Since Marx passed away by the time this economic thought became popular within the field, Dobb would argue in favor of Marx. Marginal utility, the main foundation of marginalism, states that there is a way to quantify levels of satisfaction as a person consumes each additional unit of a good. The level of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Maurice Dobb Dobb charged the market socialist model of Oskar Lange and the contributions of "neo-classical" socialists of an illegitimate "narrowing of the focus of study to problems of exchange-relations." ("Economists and the Economics of Socialism", 1939.) Many of his works have been published into different langua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Maurice Dobb In a market economy, each economic agent in an exchange makes decisions on the basis of a narrow range of information in ignorance of any wider social effects of production and consumption. When external effects are significant, it invalidates the information transmitting qualities of market prices so that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Maurice Dobb By way of example one can enumerate the following categories of "data" that under coordinated antecedent plan would assume the form of variables that can be adjusted in the plan according to circumstances: rate of investment, distribution of investment between capital and consumption, choices of production... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=987508 |
Jevons paradox In economics, the (; sometimes Jevons effect) occurs when technological progress or government policy increases the efficiency with which a resource is used (reducing the amount necessary for any one use), but the rate of consumption of that resource rises due to increasing demand. The is perhaps the mos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
Jevons paradox Considerable debate exists about the size of the rebound in energy efficiency and the relevance of the to energy conservation. Some dismiss the paradox, while others worry that it may be self-defeating to pursue sustainability by increasing energy efficiency. Some environmental economists have proposed t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
Jevons paradox " At that time, many in Britain worried that coal reserves were rapidly dwindling, but some experts opined that improving technology would reduce coal consumption. Jevons argued that this view was incorrect, as further increases in efficiency would tend to increase the use of coal. Hence, improving techn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
Jevons paradox The size of the direct rebound effect is dependent on the price elasticity of demand for the good. In a perfectly competitive market where fuel is the sole input used, if the price of fuel remains constant but efficiency is doubled, the effective price of travel would be halved (twice as much travel can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
Jevons paradox In 1992, the economist Harry Saunders dubbed the hypothesis that improvements in energy efficiency work to increase (rather than decrease) energy consumption the "Khazzoom–Brookes postulate", and argued that the hypothesis is broadly supported by neoclassical growth theory (the mainstream economic theory... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
Jevons paradox A different path which arrives at the same conclusion was pioneered by Garrett, with additional work from Nolthenius ("Generalized Jevons' Paradox") independently of Khazzoom and Brookes, using a more physical thermodynamic approach. Garrett had earlier argued that the value of civilization is not primar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
Jevons paradox The fact that distant past spending enters the Garrett Relation with the same value to today's civilization as does recent spending, argues for the high efficiency of human endeavor to create enduring inflation-adjusted compounded value. Nolthenius argues that the motivational reason is the universal gen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
Jevons paradox However, this does not imply that improved fuel efficiency is worthless if the occurs; higher fuel efficiency enables greater production and a higher material quality of life. For example, a more efficient steam engine allowed the cheaper transport of goods and people that contributed to the Industrial R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
Jevons paradox This argument is usually presented as a reason not to enact environmental policies or pursue fuel efficiency (e.g. if cars are more efficient, it will simply lead to more driving). Several points have been raised against this argument. First, in the context of a mature market such as for oil in developed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=988796 |
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