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Atmospheric chemistry The first scientific studies of atmospheric composition began in the 18th century, as chemists such as Joseph Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier and Henry Cavendish made the first measurements of the composition of the atmosphere. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries interest shifted towards trace ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=706999 |
Atmospheric chemistry An especially important driver for this is the links between chemistry and climate such as the effects of changing climate on the recovery of the ozone hole and vice versa but also interaction of the composition of the atmosphere with the oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Observations, lab measur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=706999 |
Atmospheric chemistry Observations of atmospheric composition are increasingly made by satellites with important instruments such as GOME and MOPITT giving a global picture of air pollution and chemistry. Surface observations have the advantage that they provide long term records at high time resolution but are limited... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=706999 |
Atmospheric chemistry In order to synthesise and test theoretical understanding of atmospheric chemistry, computer models (such as chemical transport models) are used. Numerical models solve the differential equations governing the concentrations of chemicals in the atmosphere. They can be very simple or very complicat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=706999 |
Atmospheric chemistry Once the reactions have been chosen the ordinary differential equations that describe their time evolution can be automatically constructed. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=706999 |
Mechanochemistry or mechanical chemistry is the coupling of mechanical and chemical phenomena on a molecular scale and includes mechanical breakage, chemical behaviour of mechanically stressed solids (e.g., stress-corrosion cracking or enhanced oxidation), tribology, polymer degradation under shear, cavitation-related ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=710202 |
Mechanochemistry Because it eliminates the need for many solvents, mechanochemistry could help make many chemical processes used by industry more environmentally friendly. For example, the mechanochemical process has been used as an environmentally preferable way to synthesize pharmaceutically-attractive phenol hydrazo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=710202 |
Cauchy horizon In physics, a is a light-like boundary of the domain of validity of a Cauchy problem (a particular boundary value problem of the theory of partial differential equations). One side of the horizon contains closed space-like geodesics and the other side contains closed time-like geodesics. The concept is n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=711886 |
Concentrate A concentrate is a form of substance which has had the majority of its base component (in the case of a liquid: the solvent) removed. Typically, this will be the removal of water from a solution or suspension, such as the removal of water from fruit juice. One benefit of producing a concentrate is that of a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=711996 |
Dorte Juul Jensen is a senior scientist and head of the Center for Fundamental Research: Metal Structures in Four Dimensions and Materials Research Division, Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Roskilde, Denmark. Risø operates under the auspices of the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=716839 |
Kinetic term In physics, a kinetic term is the part of the Lagrangian that is bilinear in the fields (and for nonlinear sigma models, they are not even bilinear), and usually contains two derivatives with respect to time (or space); in the case of fermions, the kinetic term usually has one derivative only. The equation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=717778 |
Non-Gaussianity In physics, a non-Gaussianity is the correction that modifies the expected Gaussian function estimate for the measurement of a physical quantity. In physical cosmology, the fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background are known to be approximately Gaussian, both theoretically as well as experimentall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=717826 |
Antitranspirant Antitranspirants are compounds applied to the leaves of plants to reduce transpiration. They are used from Christmas trees, on cut flowers, on newly transplanted shrubs, and in other applications to preserve and protect plants from drying out too quickly. They have also been used to protect leaves from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=718507 |
Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or combinations of organisms (for example, infection). and pharmacokinetics are the main branches of pharm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=726049 |
Pharmacodynamics The majority of drugs either There are 7 main drug actions: The desired activity of a drug is mainly due to successful targeting of one of the following: General anesthetics were once thought to work by disordering the neural membranes, thereby altering the Na influx. Antacids and chelating agents comb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=726049 |
Pharmacodynamics Undesirable effects of a drug include: The therapeutic window is the amount of a medication between the amount that gives an effect (effective dose) and the amount that gives more adverse effects than desired effects. For instance, medication with a small pharmaceutical window must be administered with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=726049 |
Pharmacodynamics This explains the so-called "receptor reserve" phenomenon i.e. the concentration producing 50% occupancy is typically higher than the concentration producing 50% of maximum response. More precisely, receptor reserve refers to a phenomenon whereby stimulation of only a fraction of the whole receptor pop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=726049 |
Pharmacodynamics It is useful to note that 50% of the receptors are bound when ["L"]="K" . The graph shown represents the conc-response for two hypothetical receptor agonists, plotted in a semi-log fashion. The curve toward the left represents a higher potency (potency arrow does not indicate direction of increase) sin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=726049 |
Robert J. Trumpler Award The of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is given annually to a recent recipient of the Ph.D degree whose thesis is judged particularly significant to astronomy. The award is named after Robert Julius Trumpler, a notable Swiss-American astronomer (1886–1956). Source: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=729879 |
Typhoon Lee (; born 1948) is an astrophysicist and geochemist at Academia Sinica, Taiwan, where he specializes in isotope geochemistry and nuclear astrophysics . Lee received his Ph.D in astronomy at the University of Texas in 1977. His honors include the Robert J. Trumpler Award in 1978 from the Astronomical Society o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=729900 |
Reino Antero Hirvonen (1908–1989) was a famous Finnish physical geodesist, also well known for contributions in mathematical and astronomical geodesy. He worked at first at the Finnish Geodetic Institute under W.A. Heiskanen on gravimetric geoid determination, publishing his dissertation "The Continental Undulations of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=732362 |
Reino Antero Hirvonen Using long focus film cameras and the most accurate available radio time signals for the solar eclipse measurements, they were able to calculate the distance between Africa and South America to a higher accuracy than ever before: 141 m. 1951–1952 and 1954–1955 Hirvonen lectured in the Department o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=732362 |
Veikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen (23 July 1895, in Kangaslampi – 23 October 1971, in Helsinki) was a famous Finnish geodesist. He is mostly known for his refinement of the theory of isostasy by George Airy and for his studies of the global geoid. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=732456 |
Chemical physics is a subdiscipline of chemistry and physics that investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. While at the interface of physics and c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=733929 |
Chemical physics Experimental chemical physicists use a variety of spectroscopic techniques to better understand hydrogen bonding, electron transfer, the formation and dissolution of chemical bonds, chemical reactions, and the formation of nanoparticles. Theoretical chemical physicists create simulations of the molecul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=733929 |
Tindr (crater) Tindr is a crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto. It is named after one of the ancestors of Ottar in Norse mythology. This is an example of a central pit impact crater. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=735181 |
Kittu (crater) Kittu crater is a crater on Jupiter's moon Ganymede. It is approximately in diameter. The crater shows a bright white central peak and rim, and dark brownish material surrounding it. Diffuse dark rays, sprinkled thinly atop surrounding grooved terrain, emanate from the impact site. The dark material dust... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=735246 |
Neith (crater) Neith crater is a crater on Jupiter's moon Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system. Impact features like Neith have been called "penepalimpsests" by some investigators or "dome craters" by others and are considered to be transitional between craters and palimpsests. Palimpsests are bright, nearly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=735256 |
Neith (crater) In one crater chronology model, based on impacts dominated by asteroids, Neith may be old and very likely was formed during a period of more intense bombardment than today, about 3.9 billion years ago. In a different model, based on impacts preferentially by comets with a more or less constant impact rat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=735256 |
Khensu (crater) Khensu crater is a crater on Jupiter's moon Ganymede. It is a dark-floored crater with a bright ejecta blanket located in the grooved terrain region Uruk Sulcus. The dark component may be residual material from the impactor that formed the crater. Another possibility is that the impactor may have punche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=735263 |
Nergal (crater) Nergal crater is a crater on Jupiter's moon Ganymede. It has a distinctive ejecta blanket surrounding it that's darker nearer the craters and brighter further away. The inner region of the ejecta is characterized by a lobate appearance indicative of the flow of a liquid (or slushy) substance over the su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=735277 |
Hár (crater) Hár is a crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto. Its name is one of the many names of Odin, the supreme god in Norse mythology. This is an example of a central dome impact crater. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=735305 |
Johann Gottlieb Georgi (31 December 1729 – 27 October 1802) was a German botanist, naturalist and geographer. A native of Pomerania, Georgi accompanied both Johan Peter Falk and Peter Simon Pallas on their respective journeys through Siberia. During 1770-1774 he travelled on its behalf to Astrakhan, the Urals, Bashkir,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=737905 |
Johann Gottlieb Georgi His "Geographisch-physikalische und naturhistorische Beschreibung des Russischen Reichs", a six volume edition of the geography and natural history of the Russian Empire, was published in Königsberg, Germany, from 1797 to 1802. Georgi also translated many works of Linnaeus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=737905 |
John J. Kavelaars J-John Kavelaars, better known as JJ Kavelaars (born 1966), is a Canadian astronomer who was part of a team that discovered several moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. He is also a discoverer of minor planets and an investigator on the extended "New Horizons" mission, having aided in the di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=740561 |
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers The (ASABE) is an international professional society devoted to agricultural and biological engineering. It was founded in December 1907 at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) and is now based in St. Josep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743844 |
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov (; born 27 May 1948) is a retired Russian cosmonaut. He is a veteran of 3 space flights, including twice to the Mir Soviet space station, and is the father of cosmonaut Sergey Volkov. Volkov was born in Ukrainian SSR in a family of Russian ethnicity. At the age of 13, Volkov witnessed Yu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745086 |
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov The younger Volkov became the first second-generation cosmonaut when he was launched aboard Soyuz TMA-12 on 8 April 2008, his first of three flights; in total he spent over a year aboard the International Space Station. Aleksandr Volkov was awarded: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745086 |
Anatoly Artsebarsky Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky () (; born 9 September 1956) is a former Soviet cosmonaut. He became a cosmonaut in 1985. Artsebarsky has spent almost 5 months in space on a single spaceflight. In 1991, he flew aboard Soyuz TM-12 and docked with the Mir Space Station. Artsebarsky and Sergei Krikalev s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=745725 |
Bioreactor A bioreactor refers to any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Bioreactor It can be applied to basically all types of biocatalysis including enzymes, cellular organelles, animal and plant cells. Immobilization is useful for continuously operated processes, since the organisms will not be removed with the reactor effluent, but is limited in scale because the microbes are only prese... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Bioreactor Since oxygen is relatively insoluble in water (the basis of nearly all fermentation media), air (or purified oxygen) must be added continuously. The action of the rising bubbles helps mix the fermentation medium and also "strips" out waste gases, such as carbon dioxide. In practice, bioreactors are often pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Bioreactor Virtually any translucent container could be called a PBR, however the term is more commonly used to define a closed system, as opposed to an open storage tank or pond. Photobioreactors are used to grow small phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae, or moss plants. These organisms use light throu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Bioreactor Many cells and tissues, especially mammalian ones, must have a surface or other structural support in order to grow, and agitated environments are often destructive to these cell types and tissues. Higher organisms, being auxotrophic, also require highly specialized growth media. This poses a challenge when ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Bioreactor The emergence of "Biochemical engineering" is of recent origin. Processing of biological materials using biological agents such as cells, enzymes or antibodies are the major pillars of biochemical engineering. Applications of biochemical engineering cover major fields of civilization such as agriculture, foo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Bioreactor Finally, the material produced in the bioreactor must be further processed in the downstream section to convert it into more useful form. The downstream process mainly consists of physical separation operations which includes, solid liquid separation, adsorption, liquid-liquid extraction, distillation, dryin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Bioreactor , "Rate of Mass In – Rate of Mass Out + Rate of Generation = Accumulation" d(Vx)/dt = Fx – Fx + Vr (2) Where r is the rate of cell generation. Dividing both sides of the above equation by V, we obtain dx/dt = (F/V)x – (F/V)x + r (3) In the chemical reaction engineering, F/V is called space velocity(s) and V/... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Bioreactor The following equation is used to represent the net rate of cell mass growth: r = "μx (10)" "where μ" is the specific growth rate or specific growth rate coefficient(s). Here, "μ" is analogous to first order rate constant k but however, "μ" is not a constant. In biochemical engineering, yield is defined as t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=746495 |
Deformity A deformity, dysmorphism, or dysmorphic feature is a major abnormality in the shape of a body part or organ compared to the normal shape of that part. may arise from numerous causes: can occur in non-humans, as well. Frogs can be mutated due to Ribeiroia (Trematoda) infection. In many cases in which a major d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=749788 |
Eli Lilly and Company is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, with offices in 18 countries. Its products are sold in approximately 125 countries. The company was founded in 1876 by, and named after, Col. Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical chemist and veteran of the American Civil War. Lil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company The company's founder was Colonel Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical chemist and Union army veteran of the American Civil War. Lilly served as the company president until his death in 1898. In 1869, after working for drugstores in Indiana, Lilly became a partner in a Paris, Illinois, drugstore with James... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company Lilly later purchased additional facilities for research and production. Lilly's first innovation was gelatin-coating for pills and capsules. The company's other early innovations included fruit flavorings and sugarcoated pills, which made the medicines easier to swallow. In 1881, Lilly formally i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company Lilly's production, manufacturing, research, and administrative operations in Indianapolis eventually occupied a complex of more than two dozen buildings covering a fifteen-block area, as well as production plants along Kentucky Avenue. Around 1890, Colonel Lilly turned over the day-to-day managem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company As young boys, Lilly's grandsons, Eli and Josiah Jr. (Joe), ran errands and performed other odd jobs. Eli and Joe joined the family business after college. Eventually, each grandson served as company president and chairman of the board. Josiah (J. K.), Colonel Lilly's son and Eli and Joe's father,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company The company also began constructions of the Lilly Biological Laboratories, a research and manufacturing plant on 150 acres near Greenfield, Indiana, in 1913. In addition to development of new medicines, the company achieved several technological advances, including automation of its production fac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company Under Eli's supervision, the design for Building 22, a new 5-floor plant that opened in Indianapolis in 1926, implemented the straight-line concept to improve production efficiency and lower production costs. One historian noted, "It was probably the most sophisticated production system in the Ame... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company The collaboration greatly accelerated the large-scale production of the extract. In 1923, Lilly began selling Iletin (Insulin, Lilly), their tradename for the first commercially available insulin product in the U.S for the treatment of diabetes. Numerous objections were registered by the Insulin C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company 55 in collaboration with George Whipple, a University of Rochester scientist. Minot, Murphy, and Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in medicine for their research. Despite the economic challenges of the Great Depression, Lilly's sales rose to $13 million in 1932. That same year Eli Lilly, the eldest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company During the war Lilly also cooperated with the American Red Cross to process blood plasma and by war's end the company had dried over two million pints of blood, "about 20 percent of the United States' total". Merthiolate, first introduced in 1930, was an "anticeptic and germicide" that became a U.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company During Eli's sixteen-year presidency sales rose from $13 million in 1932 to $117 million in 1948. Joe joined the company in 1914 and concentrated on the company's personnel and marketing efforts. He served as company president from 1948 to 1953, then became chairman of the board and remained in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company In 1954 Lilly formed Elanco Products Company for the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals. In 1969, the company opened a new plant in Clinton, Indiana. After a company reorganization and transition to non-family management in 1953, Lilly continued to expand its global presence. In the 1960s Li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company Although the subsidiary continued to lose money for five years after Lilly acquired it, executive management changes at Arden helped turn it into a financial success. By 1982 the subsidiary's "sales were up 90 percent from 1978, with profits doubling to nearly $30 million." Sixteen years after its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company In 1994, Lilly acquired PCS Systems, a drug delivery business for Health Maintenance Organizations, and later added two similar organizations to its holdings. Lilly purchased PCS, which was the largest U.S. prescription drug benefits manager at the time, for $4 billion. In 1991, Vaughn Bryson was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company After its initial attempt to acquire Icos failed under pressure from large institutional shareholders, Lilly revised its offer to $34 per share. Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), a proxy advisory firm, advised Icos shareholders to reject the proposal as undervalued, but the buyout was appr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company In April 2014, Lilly announced plans to buy Swiss drugmaker Novartis AG's animal health business for $5.4 billion in cash to strengthen and diversify its Elanco unit. Lilly said it planned to fund the deal with about $3.4 billion of cash on hand and $2 billion of loans. As a condition of the acqui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company The facility resides on a campus and is one of the largest biopharmaceutical manufacturing centers in the United States. In January 2017, Elanco Animal Health, a subsidiary of the company completed the acquisition of Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc's (a subsidiary of Boehringer Ingelheim) US f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company has a long history of collaboration with research scientists. In 1886 Ernest G. Eberhardt, a chemist, joined the company as its first full-time research scientist. Lilly also hired two botanists, Walter H. Evans and John S. Wright, to join its early research efforts. After World War I the company'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company In 1949 Eli Lilly actually went into partnership with the United States Army Reserve setting up a local Strategic Intelligence Research and Analysis (SIRA)Unit to allow employees to research company data for the Scientific Logistics and Eurasian fields of study (source: declassified Defense Intell... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company The company's most important products introduced prior to World War II included insulin, which Lilly marketed as Iletin (Insulin, Lilly), Amytal, Merthiolate, ephedrine, and liver extracts. Introduced in 1923, Iletin (Insulin, Lilly) was Lilly's first commercial insulin product. In 2002 the compan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company Eli Lilly has focused on patent-protected medicines, with generic manufacturers taking over production of earlier drugs whose patents have expired. In 2003, Eli Lilly introduced Cialis (tadalafil), a competitor to Pfizer's blockbuster Viagra for erectile dysfunction. Cialis maintains an active per... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company Eli Lily was able to acquire the right to produce the drug commercially for just $1 because the patent rights of the original patent holders, IG Farben and Farbwerke Hoechst, were not protected after the Allies of World War II seized all German patents, research records and trade names. Eli Lily i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company The drug was a central part of the plot of the hugely popular novel "Valley of the Dolls" (1966) by Jacqueline Susann in which three highly successful Hollywood women each fall victim, in various ways, to the drug. The novel was later released as a film by the same name. Eli Lilly has developed th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company In 1972 Richard D. Wood became Lilly's president and CEO after the retirement of Burton E. Beck. In 1991 Vaughn Bryson became president and Wood became board chairman. During Bryson's 20-month tenure as Lilly's president and CEO, the company reported its first quarterly loss as a publicly traded c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company In 2012, "Working Mothers" magazine named Lilly one of the "100 Best Companies for Working Mothers" for the eighteenth consecutive year. "Working Mother" reported that in 2012 forty-eight percent of Lilly's U.S. employees and thirty-four percent of its U.S. managers and executives were women. In 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company In 1917, Lilly Field Hospital 32, named in Josiah's honor, was equipped in Indianapolis and moved overseas to Contrexville, France, during World War I, where it remained in operation until 1919. Throughout World War II, Lilly manufactured more than two hundred products for military use, including ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company Several internal documents, which were released by the British Medical Journal, indicated a link between use of Prozac and suicidal or violent behavior. The FDA has warned that Prozac and similar antidepressants could cause agitation, panic attacks and aggression. These documents revealed that Eli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Eli Lilly and Company We put measures in place to assure that not only do we have the right intentions in integrity and compliance, but we have systems in place to support that." In an internal email, Lechleiter had stated "we must seize the opportunity to expand our work with Zyprexa in this same child-adolescent popu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=758905 |
Francisco (moon) Francisco is the innermost irregular satellite of Uranus. Francisco was discovered by Matthew J. Holman, et al. and Brett J. Gladman, et al. in 2003 from pictures taken in 2001 and given the provisional designation S/2001 U 3. Confirmed as Uranus XXII, it was named after a lord in William Shakespeare's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=760582 |
Pamela M. Kilmartin is a New Zealand astronomer and a co-discoverer of minor planets and comets. She is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 41 asteroids, all in collaboration with her husband, the astronomer Alan C. Gilmore. Both astronomers are also active comet-hunters. She is a Fellow of the Ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=760730 |
Alan C. Gilmore Alan Charles Gilmore (born 1944 in Greymouth, New Zealand) is a New Zealand astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets and other astronomical objects. He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 41 minor planets, all but one in collaboration with his wife Pamela M. Kilmartin. Both ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=760736 |
Ocean Drilling Program The (ODP) was a multinational effort to explore and study the composition and structure of the Earth's oceanic basins. ODP, which began in 1985, was the successor to the Deep Sea Drilling Project initiated in 1968 by the United States. ODP was an international effort with contributions of Austral... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=761668 |
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma The Fauna of British India (short title) with long titles including The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, and The Fauna of British India Including the Remainder of the Oriental Region is a series of scientific books that was published by the Briti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=763533 |
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma Following Shipley's death in 1927, Lieutenant Colonel John Stephenson, formerly of the Indian Medical Service was appointed editor in May 1928. After Indian Independence in 1947 a few volumes were published under the new name of Fauna of India but some of the volum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=763533 |
Bioavailability In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA or F) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction (%) of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation. By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. However, when a medication is administered via rou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Bioavailability For dietary supplements, herbs and other nutrients in which the route of administration is nearly always oral, bioavailability generally designates simply the quantity or fraction of the ingested dose that is absorbed. In pharmacology, bioavailability is a measurement of the rate and extent to which a d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Bioavailability It is commonly a limiting factor in the production of crops (due to solubility limitation or absorption of plant nutrients to soil colloids) and in the removal of toxic substances from the food chain by microorganisms (due to sorption to or partitioning of otherwise degradable substances into inaccessib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Bioavailability , account for different doses or varying weights of the subjects); consequently, the amount absorbed is corrected by dividing the corresponding dose administered. In pharmacology, in order to determine absolute bioavailability of a drug, a pharmacokinetic study must be done to obtain a "plasma drug conc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Bioavailability Such studies come at considerable cost, not least of which is the necessity to conduct preclinical toxicity tests to ensure adequate safety, as well as potential problems due to solubility limitations. These limitations may be overcome, however, by administering a very low dose (typically a few microgra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Bioavailability There is no regulatory requirement to define the intravenous pharmacokinetics or absolute bioavailability however regulatory authorities do sometimes ask for absolute bioavailability information of the extravascular route in cases in which the bioavailability is apparently low or variable and there is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Bioavailability Where "AUC" refers to the concentration of the drug in the blood over time "t" = 0 to "t" = ∞, "C" refers to the maximum concentration of the drug in the blood. When "T" is given, it refers to the time it takes for a drug to reach "C". While the mechanisms by which a formulation affects bioavailability ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Bioavailability Other factors may include, but are not limited to: Each of these factors may vary from patient to patient (inter-individual variation), and indeed in the same patient over time (intra-individual variation). In clinical trials, inter-individual variation is a critical measurement used to assess the bioav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Bioavailability This failure leaves open the question of whether or not an individual in a group is likely to experience the benefits described by the mean-difference comparisons. Further, even if this issue were discussed, it would be difficult to communicate meaning of these inter-subject variances to consumers and/o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 |
Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre Abbé (1752, Aveyron – 20 September 1804, Saint-Geniez) was a French naturalist who contributed sections on cetaceans, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects to the "Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique". He is also notable as the first scientist to study the feral child Victor ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=774144 |
Miguel Itzigsohn (1908–1978) was an Argentine astronomer and observer of comets, credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 15 asteroids between 1948 and 1954. The outer main-belt asteroid 1596 Itzigsohn, which he discovered himself, was named in his memory on 1 August 1980 (). Itzigsohn was a professor ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=774404 |
Carlos Ulrrico Cesco (died 1987) was an Argentine astronomer. He lived most of his life in San Juan, Argentina. He was a well-known discoverer of minor planets credited by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) with the discovery of 19 numbered minor planets. The "Carlos Ulrico Cesco Observatory" is named after him "(formerly k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=774502 |
Gordon J. Garradd Gordon John Garradd (born 1959) is an Australian amateur astronomer and photographer from Loomberah, New South Wales. He has discovered numerous asteroids and comets, including the hyperbolic comet C/2009 P1, and four novae in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The asteroid and Mars-crosser, 5066 Garradd, wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=775263 |
Gordon J. Garradd He is a photographer, mountain bike rider, and solar- and wind-power enthusiast. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=775263 |
Shallow donor A shallow donor refers to a donor that contributes an electron that exhibits energy states equivalent to atomic hydrogen with an altered expected mass i.e. the long range coulomb potential of the ion-cores determines the energy levels. Essentially the electron orbits the donor ion within the semiconductor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=775808 |
Shaun M. Hughes was an Australian astronomer at Siding Spring Observatory. He co-discovered the periodic comet 130P/McNaught-Hughes. Shaun Hughes left Siding Spring Observatory in 1992 for a fellowship at the California Institute of Technology, where he joined one of the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project teams, to mea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=777268 |
Physics of computation The study of the physics of computation relates to understanding the fundamental physical limits of computers. This field has led to the investigation of how thermodynamics limits information processing, the understanding of chaos and dynamical systems, and a rapidly growing effort to invent new ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779338 |
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