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Transfer DNA The transfer DNA (abbreviated T-DNA) is the transferred DNA of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of some species of bacteria such as "Agrobacterium tumefaciens" and "Agrobacterium rhizogenes(actually an Ri plasmid)". The T-DNA is transferred from bacterium into the host plant's nuclear DNA genome. The capabi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779824 |
Transfer DNA This natural process of horizontal gene transfer in plants is being utilized as a tool for fundamental and applied research in plant biology through "Agrobacterium tumefaciens" mediated foreign gene transformation and insertional mutagenesis. "Agrobacterium"-mediated T-DNA transfer is widely used as a tool... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779824 |
Transfer DNA "Agrobacterium tumefaciens" is capable of transferring foreign DNA to both monocotyledons and dicotyledonous plants efficiently while taking care of critically important factors like the genotype of plants, types and ages of tissues inoculated, kind of vectors, strains of "Agrobacterium", selection marker ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779824 |
Transfer DNA DNA synthesis displaces the single stranded region and then a second nick at the left border region releases the single stranded T-DNA fragment. Further this fragment can be incorporated into a host genome. "Agrobacterium" has been known to evolve a control system that hijacks host factors and cellular pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779824 |
Transfer DNA The same procedure of T-DNA transfer can be used to disrupt genes via insertional mutagenesis. Not only does the inserted T-DNA sequence create a mutation but it also 'tags' the affected gene, thus allowing for its isolation. A reporter gene can be linked to the right end of the T-DNA to be transformed alo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779824 |
Transfer DNA Knock-out alleles of En-1 insertion in the flavonol synthase gene (FLS) were characterized by this reverse genetics approach that drastically reduced levels of kaempferol. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779824 |
Amguid crater Amguid is a meteorite crater in Algeria. It is approximately in diameter, approximately 65 m deep and the age is estimated to be less than 100,000 years and is probably Pleistocene. The crater is exposed at the surface. Crater was discovered by Europeans in 1948, first scientific description was made by J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779866 |
BP Structure The BP Structure, also known as Gebel Dalma, is an exposed impact crater in Libya. It is so called because it was identified by a BP (then British Petroleum) geological survey team. The crater is 2 km in diameter and its age is estimated to be less than 120 million years (Lower Cretaceous or later). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=779903 |
Many-body theory (or many-body physics) is an area of physics which provides the framework for understanding the collective behavior of large numbers of interacting particles, often on the order of Avogadro's number. In general terms, many-body theory deals with effects that manifest themselves only in systems containi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=784621 |
Endogeny (biology) Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within a system such as an organism, tissue, or cell. The term is chiefly used in biology but also in other fields. Endogenous substances and processes contrast with exogenous ones, such as drugs, which originate from outside of the or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=790808 |
Endogeny (biology) Endogenous effects can modulate and regulate systems, in conjunction with environmental influences. Endogeny can refer to changes that originate from within a system. Endogenous changes can occur in social systems and can be modelled by Marxian dialectics. Orthogenesis is a similar concept to endogen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=790808 |
Endogeny (biology) In political science, something is endogenous if it is actually the result of the action for which it is generally labeled the cause. For example, ethnic violence is generally thought to be caused by ethnic division. However, endogeny would say that ethnic divisions are a result of ethnic violence. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=790808 |
List of geoscience organizations This is a list of organizations dealing with the various geosciences, including geology, geophysics, hydrology, oceanography, petrophysics, and related fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=794561 |
Radio noise source A radio noise source is a device that emits radio waves at a certain frequency, used to calibrate radio telescopes such that received data may be compared to a known value, as well as to find the focal point of a telescope soon after construction, so that the wave guide and front end may be properly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=794959 |
Noise floor In signal theory, the noise floor is the measure of the signal created from the sum of all the noise sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system, where noise is defined as any signal other than the one being monitored. In radio communication and electronics, this may include thermal noise, blac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=795170 |
Noise floor Signals that are below the noise floor can be detected by using different techniques of spread spectrum communications, where signal of a particular information bandwidth is deliberately spread in the frequency domain resulting in a signal with a wider occupied bandwidth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=795170 |
CLIVAR (climate variability and predictability) is a component of the World Climate Research Programme. Its purpose is to describe and understand climate variability and predictability on seasonal to centennial time-scales, identify the physical processes responsible for climate change and develop modeling and predicti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=797882 |
HyperPhysics is an educational website about physics topics. The information architecture of the website is based on HyperCard, the platform on which the material was originally developed, and a thesaurus organization, with thousands of controlled links and usual trees organizing topics from general to specific. It als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=799988 |
Seligman Crystal The is an award of the International Glaciological Society. The prize is "awarded from time to time to one who has made an outstanding scientific contribution to glaciology so that the subject is now enriched" and named after Gerald Seligman. Source: International Glaciological Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=800775 |
Claude Lorius He has taken part in more than 20 polar expeditions, mostly to Antarctica, and has helped organise many international collaborations, notably the Vostok Station ice core. He was instrumental in the discovery and interpretation of the palaeo-atmosphere information within ice cores. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=800837 |
Andrey Arkhangelsky Andrey Dmitriyevich Arkhangelsky () (December 8, 1879 – June 16, 1940) was a Russian geologist. He was a professor at Moscow State University. He won the Lenin Prize in 1928. A crater on Mars and Arkhangel'skiy Nunataks in Antarctica are named after him. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=801754 |
Valeri Barsukov Valeri Leonidovich Barsukov (Валерий Леонидович Барсуков) (March 14, 1928 – July 22, 1992) was a Soviet geologist. He worked in comparative planetology and the geochemistry of space. He was director of the V. I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry from 1976 to 1992. In 1987 he received the V.I. Vernadsk... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=803380 |
Helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) is a method for "in vitro" DNA amplification (like the polymerase chain reaction) that takes place at a constant temperature. The polymerase chain reaction is the most widely used method for "in vitro" DNA amplification for purposes of molecular biology and biomedical research. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=803558 |
Helicase-dependent amplification Strands of double stranded DNA are first separated by a DNA helicase and coated by single stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding proteins. In the second step, two sequence specific primers hybridise to each border of the DNA template. DNA polymerases are then used to extend the primers annealed t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=803558 |
Helicase-dependent amplification Despite the selling point that HDA negates the use of a thermal cycler and therefore allows research to be conducted in the field, much of the work required to detect potentially hazardous microorganisms is carried out in a research/hospital lab setting regardless. At present, mass diag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=803558 |
Blink comparator A blink comparator is a viewing apparatus formerly used by astronomers to find differences between two photographs of the night sky. It permits rapid switching from viewing one photograph to viewing the other, "blinking" back and forth between the two images taken of the same area of the sky at differe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=809979 |
Blink comparator In modern times, charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have largely replaced photographic plates, as astronomical images are stored digitally on computers. The blinking technique can easily be performed on a computer screen rather than with a physical blink comparator apparatus as before. The blinking techniqu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=809979 |
Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann Eberhardt August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (August 17, 1743, Uelzen – July 4, 1815, Braunschweig) was a German geographer and zoologist. He studied natural philosophy and mathematics in Leiden, Halle, Berlin, and Göttingen, and in 1766 was appointed professor of mathematics and natur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=810431 |
Frank Scott Hogg (June 26, 1904 – January 1, 1951) was a Canadian astronomer. Hogg was born in Preston, Ontario to Dr. James Scott Hogg and Ida Barberon. After earning an undergraduate degree from the University of Toronto, Hogg received the second doctorate in astronomy awarded at Harvard University in 1929 where he p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=826467 |
Gustaf von Paykull Gustav von Paykull (21 August 1757 – 28 January 1826) was a Swedish" friherre" (circa baron) and Marshal of the Court, ornithologist and entomologist. He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy from 1791 and a founder of the natural history museum (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet) in Stockholm, through ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=826556 |
New Naturalist The Library (also known as "The New Naturalists") is a series of books published by Collins in the United Kingdom, on a variety of natural history topics relevant to the British Isles. The aim of the series at the start was: "To interest the general reader in the wild life of Britain by recapturing the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=826700 |
New Naturalist There have been no additions to the "Monograph Library" since 1971. Volume 82 of the main series, "The New Naturalists", described the series to date, with authors' biographies and a guide to collecting the books. The original Editorial Board consisted of Julian Huxley, James Fisher, Dudley Stamp, John G... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=826700 |
New Naturalist The series won the 2007 British Book Design and Production Award for "brand or series identity", and in 2008 the official website was launched, with features including the latest news, a members only area with access to exclusive content and downloads, and a forum. In around 1990, Bloomsbury produced a s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=826700 |
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), part of UK Research and Innovation, is a non-departmental public body (NDPB), and is the largest UK public funder of non-medical bioscience. It predominantly funds scientific research institutes and university research departments in the UK. Receiving its ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=830651 |
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council The Council approves policies, strategy, budgets and major funding. A Research Panel provides expert advice which BBSRC Council draws upon in making decisions. The purpose of the Research Panel is to advise on: In addition to the Council and the Research Panel, BBS... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=830651 |
Walter Frederick Gale (27 November 1865 – 1 June 1945) was an Australian banker. Gale was born in Paddington, Sydney, New South Wales. He had a strong interest in astronomy and built his first telescope in 1884. He discovered a number of comets, including the lost periodic comet 34D/Gale. He also discovered five southe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=834672 |
Entropy of fusion The entropy of fusion is the increase in entropy when melting a substance. This is almost always positive since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from an organized crystalline solid to the disorganized structure of a liquid; the only known exception is helium. It is denoted as formula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=837770 |
Robert Methven Petrie (May 15, 1906 – April 8, 1966) was a Canadian astronomer. He was born in Scotland but emigrated to Canada at the age of five. He grew up in Victoria, British Columbia and studied physics and mathematics at the University of British Columbia. He began working summer jobs at the Dominion Astrophysic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=838544 |
Synthetic biology (SynBio) is a multidisciplinary area of research that seeks to create new biological parts, devices, and systems, or to redesign systems that are already found in nature. It is a branch of science that encompasses a broad range of methodologies from various disciplines, such as biotechnology, genetic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Cell-free protein expression systems are often employed, as are membrane-based molecular machinery. There are increasing efforts to bridge the divide between these approaches by forming hybrid living/synthetic cells, and engineering communication between living and synthetic cell populations. 1910: Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology 2000: A notable advance in synthetic biology occurred when two articles in Nature discussed the creation of synthetic biological circuit devices of a genetic toggle switch and a biological clock by combining genes within "E. coli" cells. 2003: Researchers engineer a artemisinin precursor pathway in "E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology May 2019: researchers, in a milestone effort, reported the creation of a new synthetic (possibly artificial) form of viable life, a variant of the bacteria "Escherichia coli", by reducing the natural number of 64 codons in the bacterial genome to 59 codons instead, in order to encode 20 amino acids. E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Each of these approaches share a similar task: to develop a more synthetic entity at a higher level of complexity by inventively manipulating a simpler part at the preceding level. On the other hand, "re-writers" are synthetic biologists interested in testing the irreducibility of biological systems. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology In 2003 the 5386 bp genome of the bacteriophage Phi X 174 was assembled in about two weeks. In 2006, the same team, at the J. Craig Venter Institute, constructed and patented a synthetic genome of a novel minimal bacterium, "Mycoplasma laboratorium" and were working on getting it functioning in a livi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology First, large-scale genome sequencing efforts continue to provide information on naturally occurring organisms. This information provides a rich substrate from which synthetic biologists can construct parts and devices. Second, sequencing can verify that the fabricated system is as intended. Third, fas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology In addition it is necessary to regulate protein-protein interactions in cells, such as with light (using light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domains) or cell-permeable small molecules by chemically induced dimerization. In a living cell, molecular motifs are embedded in a bigger network with upstream and dow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology One study tested the adjustability of synthetic transcription factors (sTFs) in areas of transcription output and cooperative ability among multiple transcription factor complexes. Researchers were able to mutate functional regions called zinc fingers, the DNA specific component of sTFs, to decrease t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology In 2017, researchers demonstrated the 'Boolean logic and arithmetic through DNA excision' (BLADE) system to engineer digital computation in human cells. A biosensor refers to an engineered organism, usually a bacterium, that is capable of reporting some ambient phenomenon such as the presence of heavy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Three key components are involved: DNA, RNA and Synthetic biologist designed gene circuits that can control gene expression from several levels including transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. Traditional metabolic engineering has been bolstered by the introduction of combinat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology , by directed evolution, novel protein structures that match or improve on the functionality of existing proteins can be produced. One group generated a helix bundle that was capable of binding oxygen with similar properties as hemoglobin, yet did not bind carbon monoxide. A similar protein structure ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Typically, these projects make use of re-coded nonsense suppressor tRNA-Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase pairs from other organisms, though in most cases substantial engineering is required. Other researchers investigated protein structure and function by reducing the normal set of 20 amino acids. Limited pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Scientists can encode digital information onto a single strand of synthetic DNA. In 2012, George M. Church encoded one of his books about synthetic biology in DNA. The 5.3 Mb of data was more than 1000 times greater than the previous largest amount of information to be stored in synthesized DNA. A sim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Synthetic life experiments attempt to either probe the origins of life, study some of the properties of life, or more ambitiously to recreate life from non-living (abiotic) components. Synthetic life biology attempts to create living organisms capable of carrying out important functions, from manufact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Bacteria have long been used in cancer treatment. "Bifidobacterium" and "Clostridium" selectively colonize tumors and reduce their size. Recently synthetic biologists reprogrammed bacteria to sense and respond to a particular cancer state. Most often bacteria are used to deliver a therapeutic molecule... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Each of these species have their own property and are unique to cancer therapy in terms of tissue colonization, interaction with immune system and ease of application. The immune system plays an important role in cancer and can be harnessed to attack cancer cells. Cell-based therapies focus on immunot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Common ethical questions include: The ethical aspects of synthetic biology has 3 main features: biosafety, biosecurity, and the creation of new life forms. Other ethical issues mentioned include the regulation of new creations, patent management of new creations, benefit distribution, and research int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Many advocates express the great potential value—to agriculture, medicine, and academic knowledge, among other fields—of creating artificial life forms. Creation of new entities could expand scientific knowledge well beyond what is currently known from studying natural phenomena. Yet there is concern ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Even though such concerns are important and remain unanswered, not all products of synthetic biology present concern for biological safety or negative consequences for the environment. Some would argue that most synthetic technologies are benign and incapable of flourishing in the outside world due to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology A 2007 paper identified key issues in safety, security, ethics and the science-society interface, which the project defined as public education and ongoing dialogue among scientists, businesses, government and ethicists. The key security issues that SYNBIOSAFE identified involved engaging companies th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology In 2007, a group led by scientists from leading DNA-synthesis companies published a "practical plan for developing an effective oversight framework for the DNA-synthesis industry". In January 2009, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation funded the Woodrow Wilson Center, the Hastings Center, and the J. Craig V... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology The commission did not recommend policy or oversight changes and called for continued funding of the research and new funding for monitoring, study of emerging ethical issues and public education. Synthetic biology, as a major tool for biological advances, results in the "potential for developing biol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology Richard Lewontin wrote that some of the safety tenets for oversight discussed in "The Principles for the Oversight of Synthetic Biology" are reasonable, but that the main problem with the recommendations in the manifesto is that "the public at large lacks the ability to enforce any meaningful realizat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
Synthetic biology "Extrinsic" biocontainment methods in a laboratory context include physical containment through biosafety cabinets and gloveboxes, as well as personal protective equipment. In an agricultural context they include isolation distances and pollen barriers, similar to methods for biocontainment of GMOs. S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=841429 |
DGH Degrees of general hardness (dGH or °GH) is a unit of water hardness, specifically of general hardness. General hardness is a measure of the concentration of divalent metal ions such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) per volume of water. Specifically, 1 dGH is defined as 10 milligrams (mg) of calcium oxide (CaO) p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=842185 |
Alejandro Corichi is a theoretical physicist working at the Quantum Gravity group of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). He obtained his bachelor's degree at UNAM (1991) and his PhD at Pennsylvania State University (1997). His field of study is General Relativity and Quantum Gravity, where he has contr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=843182 |
Crewe (crater) Crewe is a crater approximately 3 km in diameter lying situated within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, located at 25° South, 10° West. The crater was named after the town of Crewe, Cheshire, England. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=844619 |
Carlos Torres (astronomer) Carlos Torres (1929–2011) was a Chilean astronomer of the University of Chile and an individual member of the International Astronomical Union on several commissions. Between 1968 and 1982, he discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids from the University of Chile's Cerro El Roble Astr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=846054 |
Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique The des trois regnes de la nature was an illustrated encyclopedia of plants, animals and minerals, notable for including the first scientific descriptions of many species, and for its attractive engravings. It was published in Paris by Charles Joseph Panckoucke, from 1788 on. Althou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=849770 |
Tenebrescence Tenebrescence, also known as "reversible photochromism", is the ability of minerals to change colour when exposed to light. The effect can be repeated indefinitely, but is destroyed by heating. Tenebrescent minerals include hackmanite, spodumene and tugtupite. Tenebrescent behavior is exploited in synthet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=851681 |
Felix Santschi (1 December 1872 – 20 November 1940) was a Swiss entomologist known for discovering that ants use the sun as a compass and for describing about 2000 taxa of ants. Santschi is known for his pioneering work on the navigational abilities of ants. In one experiment, he investigated the way harvester ants use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=851890 |
Nena (supercontinent) Nena, an acronym for Northern Europe–North America, was the Early Proterozoic amalgamation of Baltica and Laurentia into a single "cratonic landmass", a name first proposed in 1990. Since then several similar Proterozoic supercontinents have been proposed, including Nuna and Arctica, that include ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=853793 |
Astronomical algorithm Astronomical algorithms are the algorithms used to calculate ephemerides, calendars, and positions (as in celestial navigation or satellite navigation). Examples of large and complex astronomical algorithms are those used to calculate the position of the Moon. A simple example is the calculation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=853888 |
DLR-Archenhold Near Earth Objects Precovery Survey DANEOPS, the DLR-Archenhold Near Earth Objects Precovery Survey, has been initiated to systematically search existing photographic plate archives for precovery images of known NEOs. It has so far (July 2004) precovered or recovered some 145 objects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=854413 |
Scherk–Schwarz mechanism In theoretical physics, the (named after Joël Scherk and John Henry Schwarz) for a field φ basically means that φ is a section of a non-trivializable fiber bundle (not necessarily a vector bundle since φ needn't be linear) which is fixed by the model. This is called a "twist" by physicists. Not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=857791 |
K-type asteroid K-type asteroids are relatively uncommon asteroids with a moderately reddish spectrum shortwards of 0.75 μm, and a slight bluish trend longwards of this. They have a low albedo. Their spectrum resembles that of CV and CO meteorites. These asteroids were described as "featureless" S-types in the Tholen c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=858606 |
Biochip In molecular biology, biochips are essentially miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. Biochips enable researchers to quickly screen large numbers of biological analytes for a variety of purposes, from disease diagnosis to detection of bioterrorism... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=859981 |
Biochip This research showed how hybridization of complementary single oligonucleotide strands could be used as a basis for DNA sensing. Two additional developments enabled the technology used in modern DNA-based. First, in 1983 Kary Mullis invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, a method for amplifying... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=859981 |
Biochip Their "GeneChip" products contain thousands of individual DNA sensors for use in sensing defects, or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in genes such as p53 (a tumor suppressor) and BRCA1 and BRCA2 (related to breast cancer). The chips are produced by using microlithography techniques traditionally used to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=859981 |
Biochip Fodor and colleagues developed a unique fabrication process (later used by Affymetrix) in which a series of microlithography steps is used to combinatorially synthesize hundreds of thousands of unique, single-stranded DNA sensors on a substrate one nucleotide at a time. One lithography step is needed per base t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=859981 |
Biochip In this approach, large batches of identical sensors can be produced; sensors from each batch are then combined and assembled into an array. A non-coordinate based encoding scheme must be used to identify each sensor. As the figure shows, such a design was first demonstrated (and later commercialized by Illumin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=859981 |
Biochip The difference from conventional immunoassays is that, the capture ligands are covalently attached to the surface of the biochip in an ordered array rather than in solution. In sandwich assays an enzyme-labelled antibody is used; in competitive assays an enzyme-labelled antigen is used. On antibody-antigen bind... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=859981 |
Cumulus castellanus cloud Cumulus castellanus (from Latin "castellanus", castle) is a type of cumulus cloud that is distinctive because it displays multiple towers arising from its top, indicating significant vertical air movement. They are so named because they somewhat resemble the crenellation on medieval castles. C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=860246 |
Alexander Butlerov Alexander Mikhaylovich Butlerov (Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Бу́тлеров; 15 September 1828 – 17 August 1886) was a Russian chemist, one of the principal creators of the theory of chemical structure (1857–1861), the first to incorporate double bonds into structural formulas, the discoverer of hexamine (1859... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=861040 |
Chrysiogenaceae is a bacterial family. The phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) List of bacter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=868790 |
Upper shoreface Upper Shoreface refers to the portion of the seafloor that is shallow enough to be agitated by everyday wave action, the wave base. Below that is the lower shoreface. The continuous agitation of the sea floor in the upper shoreface environment results in sediments that are winnowed of the smallest grain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=869980 |
Water contact In the hydrocarbon industry water contact is the elevation above which fluids other than water can be found in the pores of a rock. For example, in a traditional hand-excavated water well, the level at which the water stabilizes represents the water table, or the elevation in the rock where air starts to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=870055 |
Water contact Descriptions of the well's petrophysics will then often further qualify to delineate a gas-down-to, oil-up-to, oil-down-to and water-up-to line, clearly showing the uncertainties involved. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=870055 |
Outer-grazer and inner-grazer are configurations of heliocentric orbit. All six diagrams show the Sun (the orange dot) in the middle and a putative planet's orbital band (in yellow). The latter is a ring whose inner radius is the planet's perihelion and its outer radius the aphelion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=870529 |
Sussexite is a manganese borate mineral MnBO(OH). Crystals are monoclinic prismatic and typically fibrous in occurrence. Colour is white, pink, yellowish white with a pearly lustre. It has a Mohs hardness of 3 and a specific gravity of 3.12. It is named after the Franklin Mining District in Sussex County, New Jersey, U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=870994 |
Mare Erythraeum is a very large dark dusky region of Mars that can be viewed by even a small telescope. The name comes from the Latin for the Erythraean Sea, because it was originally thought to be a large sea of liquid water. It was included in Percival Lowell's 1895 map of Mars. Under the name of De La Rue Ocean it w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871227 |
Li Fan (Han dynasty) Li Fan (Chinese: 李梵, pinyin: Lǐ Fàn) was a Chinese astronomer during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD). He noticed that the Moon does not move uniformly through its phases by using background stars as reference. In 85 Li Fan and Bian Xin (Chinese: 編訢) were tasked by Emperor Zhang to resolve inaccurac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871458 |
Shire (pharmaceutical company) Shire Plc was a Jersey-registered specialty biopharmaceutical company. Originating in the United Kingdom with an operational base in the United States, its brands and products included Vyvanse, Lialda, and Adderall XR. Shire was acquired by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company on 8 January 2019.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871579 |
Shire (pharmaceutical company) Shire's initial products were calcium supplements (Calcichew-D) for patients seeking to treat or prevent osteoporosis. In 1997 the company acquired Pharmavene for £105 million in order to access Pharmavene's drug delivery methods. Later in the same year Shire acquired Richwood Pharmaceuti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871579 |
Shire (pharmaceutical company) 2013 saw the company complete its highest number of acquisitions with Lotus Tissue Repair, Inc. (lead compound, ABH001), SARcode Bioscience Inc., with the last being ViroPharma. Shire changed the name of ViroPharma to Shire Viropharma Inc. upon acquisition and on their final day of tradin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871579 |
Shire (pharmaceutical company) In January 2016, the company made its most significant purchase, with the $32 billion acquisition of Baxalta (which had been spun-off from Baxter the previous year), creating the largest global biotech company focused solely on rare diseases. In April 2018, Shire agreed to sell its oncolo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871579 |
Shire (pharmaceutical company) Reuters also reported interest from Allergan however they ruled themselves out a day later. A day later Takeda increased their offer with a fourth bid, to £26 per Shire shares paid in Takeda shares plus £21 per share in cash - giving a total value of £44.3 billion ($62.1 billion). On 24 A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871579 |
Shire (pharmaceutical company) The Chair of Shire's Board of Directors was Susan Kilsby. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871579 |
Auricupride is a natural alloy that combines copper and gold. Its chemical formula is CuAu. The alloy crystallizes in the cubic crystal system in the L1 structure type and occurs as malleable grains or platey masses. It is an opaque yellow with a reddish tint. It has a hardness of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 11.5. A ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=871659 |
Complementary experiments In physics, two experimental techniques are often called complementary if they investigate the same subject in two different ways such that two different (ideally non-overlapping) properties or aspects can be investigated. For example, X-ray scattering and neutron scattering experiments are of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=872023 |
Zirkelite is an oxide mineral with formula: (Ca,Th,Ce)Zr(Ti,Nb)O. It occurs as well-formed fine sized isometric crystals. It is a black, brown or yellow mineral with a hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 4.7. was first discovered in Brazil in 1895. It was named for German petrographer Ferdinand Zirkel (1838–1912)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=872324 |
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