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Konstantin Kozeyev Konstantin Mirovich Kozeyev () is a retired Russian cosmonaut. Kozeyev was born in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR on December 1, 1967. He is a graduate student from Moscow Aviation Technology Institute and was selected as a cosmonaut on February 9, 1996. He flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz TM-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873522 |
Aleksandr Lazutkin Aleksandr Ivanovich Lazutkin (; born October 30, 1957) is a Russian cosmonaut. Lazutkin attended the Moscow Aviation Institute and received a mechanical engineering degree. He was selected as cosmonaut on March 3, 1992. His first spaceflight was Soyuz TM-25, on which he was the flight engineer. Lazut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873599 |
Aleksandr Serebrov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov (, 15 February 1944 – 12 November 2013) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1967), and was selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978. He retired on 10 May 1995. He was married and had one child. Serebrov flew on Soyu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873661 |
Klaus-Dietrich Flade (born August 23, 1952) is a German pilot and former German Aerospace Center astronaut who visited the Mir space station in 1992 aboard the Soyuz TM-14 mission, returning to Earth a week later aboard Soyuz TM-13. Born in Büdesheim, Germany, he joined the German Air Force after school. Educated initi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873698 |
Musa Manarov Musa Khiramanovich Manarov (; born March 22, 1951 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR) is a former cosmonaut who spent 541 days in space. He was a colonel in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute with an engineering qualification in 1974. Musa was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873716 |
Calyptra (from καλύπτρα ("kalúptra") "veil") is a scientific term used in botany for a covering, hood or lid. It describes a feature in plant morphology. In bryophytes, the calyptra ("plural" calyptrae) is an enlarged archegonial venter that protects the capsule containing the embryonic sporophyte. The calyptra is usua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873744 |
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin () (born July 30, 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut. He is married with two children. He was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978, and retired on October 17, 1994. He flew as a flight engineer on Soyuz TM-9. He worked at NPO Energia until 1994, and was then President of Lendint-Associa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873754 |
Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov (; born February 20, 1943) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union (November 23, 1983, and December 29, 1987). Born in Moscow, Russia, he graduated from Moscow Bauman-Highschool in 1969 with a doctorate degree, specialised on spacecraft steering systems. He was se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873819 |
Vladimir Lyakhov Vladimir Afanasyevich Lyakhov (; 20 July 1941 – 19 April 2018) was a Ukrainian Soviet cosmonaut. He was selected as cosmonaut on 5 May 1967, and retired on 7 September 1994. Lyakhov was the Commander on Soyuz 32, Soyuz T-9, and Soyuz TM-6, and spent 333 days, 7 hours, 47 minutes in space. He was marrie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873833 |
Anatoly Levchenko Anatoly Semyonovich Levchenko (; May 5, 1941 – August 6, 1988) was a Soviet cosmonaut. Levchenko was planned to be the back-up commander of the first Buran space shuttle flight, and in March 1987 he began extensive training for a Soyuz spaceflight, intended to give him some experience in space. In Dec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873844 |
Muhammed Faris Muhammed Ahmed Faris (, "Muḥammad ʾAḥmad Fāris"; born 26 May 1951) is a Syrian military aviator. He was the first Syrian and the second Arab in space. Born in Aleppo, Syria, he was a pilot in the Syrian Air Force with the rank of a colonel. He specialized in navigation when he was selected to participate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873854 |
Muhammed Faris In September 2017, Faris was appointed Defense Minister of the Syrian Interim Government, a self-appointed opposition grouping. Faris is married and has three children. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873854 |
Aleksandr Laveykin Aleksandr Ivanovich Laveykin (; born April 21, 1951) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut. Born in Moscow, Laveykin was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. He flew on one spaceflight, for the first part of the long duration expedition Mir EO-2. He flew as a flight engineer, and was both launched an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873868 |
Leonid Kizim Leonid Denisovich Kizim (; 5 August 1941 – 14 June 2010) was a Soviet cosmonaut. Kizim was born in Krasnyi Lyman, Donetsk Oblast, Soviet Union (now Lyman, Ukraine). He graduated from Higher Air Force School in 1975; and served as a test pilot in the Soviet Air Force. He was selected as a cosmonaut on Octob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873872 |
Vladimir Vasyutin Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin (Russian: Влaдимиp Bлaдимиpoвич Васютин; 8 March 1952 19 July 2002) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He was selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978 (TsPK-6). He retired on 25 February 1986. Vasyutin was assigned to the TKS program for a new generation of manned military space... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873880 |
Yuri Malyshev (cosmonaut) Yuri Vasilyevich Malyshev (; 27 August 1941 8 November 1999) was a Soviet cosmonaut who served on the Soyuz T-2 (5–9 June 1980) and Soyuz T-11 (3–11 April 1984) missions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873893 |
Leonid Popov Leonid Ivanovich Popov (; born August 31, 1945) is a former Soviet cosmonaut. Popov was born in Oleksandriia, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. He was selected as a cosmonaut on April 27, 1970, and flew as Commander on Soyuz 35, Soyuz 40 and Soyuz T-7, logging 200 days, 14 hours, and 45 minutes in space be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873934 |
Anatoly Berezovoy Anatoly Nikolayevich Berezovoy (; 11 April 1942 – 20 September 2014) was a Soviet cosmonaut. Berezovoy was born in Enem, Adyghe Autonomous Oblast, Russian SFSR in a Ukrainian family. He was married with two children and graduated from the Air Force Academy. On 27 April 1970 he was selected as a cosmon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873940 |
Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Aleksandr Sergeyevich Ivanchenkov (; born 28 September 1940 ) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 29 and Soyuz T-6, he spent 147 days, 12 hours and 37 minutes in space. Ivanchenkov is married with one child. He was selected as a cosmonaut on 27 March 1973. He retired... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873947 |
Vladimir Aksyonov Vladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov (Влади́мир Ви́кторович Аксёнов) (born in Giblitsy, Kasimovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, Russian SFSR, on 1 February 1935) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, married with two children. He graduated from institute of Engineering with diploma and graduated from Air Force Institute... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873965 |
Vyacheslav Zudov Vyacheslav Dmitriyevich Zudov (, born 8 January 1942) is a retired USSR cosmonaut. He was selected as a cosmonaut on 23 October 1965, flew as Commander on Soyuz 23 on 14–16 October 1976 and retired on 14 May 1987. Zudov is married and has two children. He was awarded: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873990 |
Valery Rozhdestvensky Valery Ilyich Rozhdestvensky (Russian: Валерий Ильич Рождественский; 13 February 1939 – 31 August 2011) was a Soviet cosmonaut. Rozhdestvensky was born in Leningrad and graduated from the Higher Military Engineering School of Soviet Navy in Pushkin in engineering. From 1961 to 1965 he was commande... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=873996 |
Colemanite (CaBO·5HO) or (CaBO(OH)·HO) is a found in evaporite deposits of alkaline lacustrine environments. is a secondary mineral that forms by alteration of borax and ulexite. It was first described in 1884 for an occurrence near Furnace Creek in Death Valley and was named after William Tell Coleman (1824–1893), own... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=875176 |
Rudolf Hoernes (7 October 1850 – 20 August 1912) was an Austrian geologist, born in Vienna, son of Moritz Hoernes. He studied under Eduard Suess and became a Professor of geology in Graz. He was known for his earthquake studies in 1878 and proposed a classification of earthquakes into subsidence earthquakes, volcanic e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=876833 |
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst (1 November 1743 – 5 November 1807) was a German naturalist and entomologist from Petershagen, Minden-Ravensberg. He served as a chaplain in the Prussian army. His marriage in Berlin, 1770, with Euphrosyne Luise Sophie (1742–1805), daughter of the Prussian "Hofrat" Libert Waldschmidt see... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=877256 |
Alexander Spirin Alexander Sergeevich Spirin (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Спирин) (born September 4, 1931) is a Russian biochemist, Distinguished Professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University (since 1999), a former Director of Institute of Protein Research Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino (Пущино-на-Оке), Mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=879527 |
Alexander Spirin Spirin was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal in 1969, elected an Honorary Fellow of University of Granada in 1972 and awarded the prestigious Demidov Prize in 2013. In 1974 he was elected a Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was elected a foreign associate of the US National Academy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=879527 |
Accordion effect In physics, the accordion effect, known also as the slinky effect, concertina effect, elastic band effect, and string instability, occurs when fluctuations in the motion of a travelling body causes disruptions in the flow of elements following it. This can happen in road traffic, foot marching, bicycle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=882160 |
Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky Andrey Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky () (1866–1942) was a Russian entomologist specializing in beetles. He was the son of Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky. He entered the St. Petersburg University in 1885. In 1888 and 1889 he traveled to the Trans-Caspian and Turkestan regions in search of ins... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=883109 |
Lipidomics is the large-scale study of pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems The word "lipidome" is used to describe the complete lipid profile within a cell, tissue, organism, or ecosystem and is a subset of the "metabolome" which also includes the three other major classes of biological molec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884805 |
Lipidomics Although lipidomics is under the umbrella of the more general field of "metabolomics", lipidomics is itself a distinct discipline due to the uniqueness and functional specificity of lipids relative to other metabolites. In lipidomic research, a vast amount of information quantitatively describing the spatial... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884805 |
Lipidomics The huge structural diversity found in lipids arises from the biosynthesis of various combinations of these building blocks. For example, glycerophospholipids are composed of a glycerol backbone linked to one of approximately 10 possible headgroups and also to 2 fatty acyl/alkyl chains, which in turn may hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884805 |
Lipidomics When organic soil was used, citrate buffer in the extraction mixture gave higher amounts of lipid phosphate than acetate buffer, Tris, HO or phosphate buffer. The simplest method of lipid separation is the use of thin layer chromatography (TLC). Although not as sensitive as other methods of lipid detection, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884805 |
Lipidomics The application of nano-flow liquid chromatography (nLC) proved thereby to be most efficient to enhance both general measurement sensitivity and lipidome coverage for a global lipidomics approach. Chromatographic (HPLC/UHPLC) separation of lipids may either be performed offline or online where the eluate is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884805 |
Lipidomics Various ESI-MS methods have been developed for analysis of different classes, subclasses, and individual lipid species from biological extracts. Comprehensive reviews of the methods and their application have recently been published. The major advantages of ESI-MS are high accuracy, sensitivity, reproducibil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884805 |
Lipidomics A laser is fired at the spot, and the matrix absorbs the energy, which is then transferred to the analyte, resulting in ionization of the molecule. MALDI-Time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS has become a very promising approach for lipidomics studies, particularly for the imaging of lipids from tissue slides. The s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884805 |
Lipidomics Furthermore, distribution of many different lipid molecular species often define anatomical regions within these tissues. Lipid profiling is a targeted metabolomics platform that provides a comprehensive analysis of lipid species within a cell or tissue. Profiling based on electrospray ionization tandem mass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884805 |
Insect collecting refers to the collection of insects and other arthropods for scientific study or as a hobby. Because most insects are small and the majority cannot be identified without the examination of minute morphological characters, entomologists often make and maintain insect collections. Very large collections... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=889726 |
Insect collecting Aerial insect nets are used to collect flying insects. The bag of a butterfly net is generally constructed from a lightweight mesh to minimize damage to delicate butterfly wings. A sweep net is used to collect insects from grass and brush. It is similar to a butterfly net, except that the bag is gener... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=889726 |
Insect collecting There are several different preservation methods that are used; some of which include: dried preservation (pinning), liquid preservation, slide mounts, other various preservation methods. Dried preservation is by far the most common form of insect preservation. The large majority of the time insects a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=889726 |
Insect collecting When labeling insects the labels are presented in this order top down: Locality, additional locality/voucher label/accession numbers, insect identification. Rare insects, or those from distant parts of the world, may also be acquired from dealers or by trading. Some noted insect collections have been ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=889726 |
Reinhardt Kristensen Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen (born 1948) is a Danish invertebrate biologist, noted for the discovery of three new phyla of microscopic animals: the Loricifera in 1983, the Cycliophora in 1995, and the Micrognathozoa in 2000. He is also considered one of the world's leading experts on tardigrades. H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=897478 |
Geopark A geopark is a unified area that advances the protection and use of geological heritage in a sustainable way, and promotes the economic well-being of the people who live there. There are global geoparks and national geoparks. A UNESCO definition of "global geopark" is a unified area with a geological heritage o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=898161 |
Geopark The multidisciplinary nature of the concept of geopark and tourism promotion in geoparks differentiates itself from other models of sustainable tourism. In fact, sustainable tourism promotion within geoparks encompasses many of the features of sustainable tourism including geo-tourism (geo-site tourism: as a ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=898161 |
Geopark The Global Geoparks Network (GGN) was established in 1998 and received "ad hoc" support from UNESCO from 2001 until 2015, when the relationship and designation was formalized. Since 2015, members are officially designated by UNESCO, as UNESCO Global Geoparks. According to the Statutes and Operational Guidelines... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=898161 |
Geyserite is a form of opaline silica that is often found around hot springs and geysers. It is sometimes referred to as sinter. Botryoidal geyserite is known as fiorite. In May 2017, evidence of the earliest known life on land may have been found in 3.48-billion-year-old geyserite uncovered in the Pilbara Craton of We... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=900698 |
Centaurus Cluster The (A3526) is a cluster of hundreds of galaxies, located approximately 170 million light years away in the Centaurus constellation. The brightest member galaxy is the elliptical galaxy NGC 4696 (~11m). The Centaurus cluster shares its supercluster, the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, with IC4329 Cluste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=902164 |
Riabouchinsky solid In fluid mechanics a is a technique used for approximating boundary layer separation from a bluff body using potential flow. It is named after Dimitri Pavlovitch Riabouchinsky. Riabouchinsky solids are typically used for analysing the behaviour of bodies moving through otherwise quiescent fluid (exa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=905140 |
Coherent information is an entropy measure used in quantum information theory. It is a property of a quantum state ρ and a quantum channel formula_1; intuitively, it attempts to describe how much of the quantum information in the state will remain after the state goes through the channel. In this sense, it is intuitive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=908081 |
Umangite is a copper selenide mineral, CuSe, discovered in 1891. It occurs only in small grains or fine granular aggregates with other copper minerals of the sulfide group. It has a hardness of 3. It is blue-black to red-violet in color with a black streak. It has a metallic luster. is named after the locality of Sierr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=910079 |
Georg August Goldfuss (Goldfuß, 18 April 1782 – 2 October 1848) was a German palaeontologist, zoologist and botanist. Goldfuss was born at Thurnau near Bayreuth. He was educated at Erlangen, where he graduated Ph.D. in 1804 and became professor of zoology in 1818. He was subsequently appointed professor of zoology and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=911727 |
Amplicon In molecular biology, an amplicon is a piece of DNA or RNA that is the source and/or product of amplification or replication events. It can be formed artificially, using various methods including polymerase chain reactions (PCR) or ligase chain reactions (LCR), or naturally through gene duplication. In this co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=914098 |
Amplicon Amplicons in general are direct repeat (head-to-tail) or inverted repeat (head-to-head or tail-to-tail) genetic sequences, and can be either linear or circular in structure. Circular amplicons consist of imperfect inverted duplications annealed into a circle and are thought to arise from precursor linear ampli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=914098 |
Amplicon Generally, these techniques incorporate a capture step and a detection step, although how these steps are incorporated depends on the individual assay. Examples include the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Assay (RT-PCR), which has the capacity to recognize HIV in plasma; the HIV-1 QT (NASBA), which is used to measure p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=914098 |
Amplicon The kit adapted for carrying out the method includes a pair of primers to amplify the locus and optionally polymerase chain reaction reagents. LCR can be used to diagnose tuberculosis. The sequence containing protein antigen B is targeted by four oligonucleotide primers—two for the sense strand, and two for th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=914098 |
Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or old drugs into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. It is also called the science of dosage form design. There are many chemicals with pharmacological properties, but need special mea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=920218 |
Total analysis system Total Analysis System (TAS) describes a device that automates and includes all necessary steps for chemical analysis of a sample e.g. sampling, sample transport, filtration, dilution, chemical reactions, separation and detection. A new trend today is creating Micro Total Analysis Systems - µTAS. S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=921018 |
Micromount is term used by mineral collectors and amateur geologists to describe mineral specimens that are best appreciated using an optical aid, commonly a hand-lens or a binocular microscope. The magnification employed ranges from 10 to 40 times. A micromount is permanently mounted in some kind of box and labelled w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=926703 |
Uniformity of motive In astrobiology, the Uniformity of Motive theory suggests that any civilization in the universe would go through similar technological steps in their development. This theory supports the idea that at some point in their history, advanced alien civilizations would use the electromagnetic medium for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=926840 |
Toroidal reflector A toroidal mirror is a reflector whose surface is a section of a torus, defined by two radii of curvature. Such reflectors are easier to manufacture than mirrors with a surface described by a paraboloid or ellipsoid. They suffer from spherical aberration and coma, but do not suffer from astigmatism l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=929165 |
Amgen Inc. (formerly Applied Molecular Genetics Inc.) is an American multinational biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. One of the world's largest independent biotechnology companies, was established in Thousand Oaks, California in 1980. Amgen's Thousand Oaks staff in 2017 numbered 5,12... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=932897 |
Amgen The company has made at least five major corporate acquisitions. The following is an illustration of the company's mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs and historical predecessors: Amgen's approved drugs or therapeutic biologicals include: As of December 2013, had 11 drugs in Phase III clinical trials. In November 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=932897 |
Peter Millman Peter Mackenzie Millman (August 10, 1906 – December 11, 1990) was a Canadian astronomer. He worked at the Dunlap Observatory from 1933 until 1940. In early 1941 he enlisted with the Royal Canadian Air Force. In 1946 he joined the Dominion Observatory in Ottawa. He then transferred to the National Research... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=933589 |
Representative sequences are short regions within protein sequences that can be used to approximate the evolutionary relationships of those proteins, or the organisms from which they come. are contiguous subsequences (typically 300 residues) from ubiquitous, conserved proteins, such that each orthologous family of repr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936059 |
Green chemistry Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. While environmental chemistry focuses on the effects of polluting chemicals o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency played a significant early role in fostering green chemistry through its pollution prevention programs, funding, and professional coordination. At the same time in the United Kingdom, researchers at the University of York contributed to the estab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry is increasingly seen as a powerful tool that researchers must use to evaluate the environmental impact of nanotechnology. As nanomaterials are developed, the environmental and human health impacts of both the products themselves and the processes to make them must be considered to ensure their long-term... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry Bioengineering is also seen as a promising technique for achieving green chemistry goals. A number of important process chemicals can be synthesized in engineered organisms, such as shikimate, a Tamiflu precursor which is fermented by Roche in bacteria. Click chemistry is often cited as a style of chemi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry Hydrazine is traditionally produced by the Olin Raschig process from sodium hypochlorite (the active ingredient in many bleaches) and ammonia. The net reaction produces one equivalent of sodium chloride for every equivalent of the targeted product hydrazine: In the greener Peroxide process hydrogen pero... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry The L,L-lactide enantiomer is isolated by distillation and polymerized in the melt to make a crystallizable polymer, which has some applications including textiles and apparel, cutlery, and food packaging. Wal-Mart has announced that it is using/will use PLA for its produce packaging. The NatureWorks PL... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry Research indicated that separation of the fiber and backing through elutriation, grinding, and air separation proved to be the best way to recover the face and backing components, but an infrastructure for returning postconsumer EcoWorx to the elutriation process was necessary. Research also indicated t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry Traditionally, succinic acid is produced from petroleum-based feedstocks. BioAmber has developed process and technology that produces succinic acid from the fermentation of renewable feedstocks at a lower cost and lower energy expenditure than the petroleum equivalent while sequestering CO rather than e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry ECHA, the EU Chemicals Agency in Helsinki, is implementing the regulation whereas the enforcement lies with the EU member states. The U.S. law that governs the majority of industrial chemicals (excluding pesticides, foods, and pharmaceuticals) is the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976. Examinin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry The resulting regulations took effect in 2013, initiating DTSC's "Safer Consumer Products Program". Many institutions offer courses and degrees on Green Chemistry. Examples from across the globe are Denmark's Technical University, and several in the US, e.g. at the Universities of Massachusetts-Boston, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Green chemistry More broadly, the idea of green chemistry can easily be linked (or confused) with related concepts like green engineering, environmental design, or sustainability in general. The complexity and multifaceted nature of green chemistry makes it difficult to devise clear and simple metrics. As a result, "wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=936085 |
Searles Valentine Wood (February 14, 1798 – October 26, 1880) was an English palaeontologist. Wood went to sea in 1811 as a midshipman in the British East India Company's service, which he left in 1826. He then settled at Hasketon near Woodbridge, Suffolk. Wood devoted himself to a study of the mollusca of the Newer Te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=937811 |
Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the forces acting on them: these forces can be due to gravity, centrifugal acceleration, or electromagnetism. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=938894 |
Sedimentation In a sedimentation experiment, the applied force accelerates the particles to a terminal velocity formula_1 at which the applied force is exactly canceled by an opposing drag force. For small enough particles (low Reynolds number), the drag force varies linearly with the terminal velocity, i.e., formula_2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=938894 |
Sedimentation However, the Lamm equation differs from the Mason–Weaver equation because the centrifugal force depends on radius from the origin of rotation, whereas in the Mason–Weaver equation gravity is constant. The Lamm equation also has extra terms, since it pertains to sector-shaped cells, whereas the Mason–Weave... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=938894 |
Henri Hureau de Sénarmont (6 September 1808 – 30 June 1862) was a French mineralogist and physicist. He was born in Broué, Eure-et-Loir. From 1822 to 1826, he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris, then furthered his education at the École des Mines. During the course of his career, he became engineer-in-chief of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=939587 |
Sudines (or Soudines) (Greek: Σουδινες) (fl. c. 240 BC): Babylonian sage. He is mentioned as one of the famous Chaldean mathematicians and astronomer-astrologers by later Roman writers like Strabo ("Geografia" 16:1–6). Like his predecessor Berossos, he moved from Babylonia and established himself among the Greeks; he w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=941923 |
Frank Newhook Francis John Newhook (16 November 1918 – 1 December 1999) was the head of the School of Plant Pathology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He was the first plant pathologist at the university, from 1966 (sponsored by New Zealand Forest Products) as an Associate Professor, and from 1969 a personal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=942491 |
Topotactic transition In chemistry, a topotactic transition involves a structural change to a crystalline solid, which may include loss or gain of material, so that the final lattice is related to that of the original material by one or more crystallographically equivalent, orientational relationships. An example is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944098 |
Earth's energy budget accounts for the balance between the energy that Earth receives from the Sun, and the energy the Earth radiates back into outer space after having been distributed throughout the five components of Earth's climate system and having thus powered Earth’s so-called heat engine. This system is made up... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944638 |
Earth's energy budget Changes in surface temperature due to do not occur instantaneously, due to the inertia of the oceans and the cryosphere. The net heat flux is buffered primarily by becoming part of the ocean's heat content, until a new equilibrium state is established between radiative forcings and the climate res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944638 |
Earth's energy budget The 48 units absorbed by the atmosphere (34 units from terrestrial radiation and 14 from insolation) are finally radiated back to space. These 65 units (17 from the ground and 48 from the atmosphere) balance the 65 units absorbed from the sun in order to maintain zero net gain of energy by the Ear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944638 |
Earth's energy budget 027% of Earth's total energy budget at the surface, which is dominated by 173,000 terawatts of incoming solar radiation. Human production of energy is even lower, at an estimated 18 TW. Photosynthesis has a larger effect: photosynthetic efficiency turns up to 2% of the sunlight striking plants int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944638 |
Earth's energy budget If the incoming energy flux is not equal to the outgoing energy flux, net heat is added to or lost by the planet (if the incoming flux is larger or smaller than the outgoing respectively). An imbalance in the Earth radiation budget requires components of the climate system to change temperature ov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944638 |
Earth's energy budget 1% variation of solar insolation over nine years. During the same period, CERES measured top of the atmosphere in and out-going radiation and found no trend. Since CERES precision is as good or better than the Argo floats, the discrepancy requires resolution concerning the trend, if any, in ocean ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944638 |
Earth's energy budget When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy, their temperature rises. Those gases then radiate an increased amount of thermal infrared energy in all directions. Heat radiated upward continues to encounter greenhouse gas molecules; those molecules also absorb the heat, and their te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944638 |
Earth's energy budget Natural climate forcings include changes in the Sun's brightness, Milankovitch cycles (small variations in the shape of Earth's orbit and its axis of rotation that occur over thousands of years) and volcanic eruptions that inject light-reflecting particles as high as the stratosphere. Man-made for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944638 |
Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen (3 December 1760, Giessen – 30 November 1806, Darmstadt) was a German naturalist and forester. He took part in the production of "" by Johann Conrad Susemihl. He received his education in Giessen, and in 1796 started work as an assessor at the forestry office in Darmstadt. In 1800 he attaine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944875 |
Bionics or biologically inspired engineering is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. The word "bionic" was coined by Jack E. Steele in August 1958, being formed as a portmanteau from biology" and "electronics. It was popu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=946929 |
Bionics Examples of bionics in engineering include the hulls of boats imitating the thick skin of dolphins; sonar, radar, and medical ultrasound imaging imitating animal echolocation. In the field of computer science, the study of bionics has produced artificial neurons, artificial neural networks, and swarm intelligen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=946929 |
Bionics For example, in computer science, cybernetics tries to model the feedback and control mechanisms that are inherent in intelligent behavior, while artificial intelligence tries to model the intelligent function regardless of the particular way it can be achieved. The conscious copying of examples and mechanisms ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=946929 |
Bionics This approach is motivated by the fact that biological solutions will usually be optimized by evolutionary forces. While the technologies that make bionic implants possible are developing gradually, a few successful bionic devices exist, a well known one being the Australian-invented multi-channel cochlear impl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=946929 |
Bionics According to the firm, by May 2010 it has been fitted to more than 1,200 patients worldwide. The Nichi-In group is working on biomimicking scaffolds in tissue engineering, stem cells and regenerative medicine have given a detailed classification on biomimetics in medicine. On 21 July 2015, the BBC's medical cor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=946929 |
Bionics Critics of these approaches often argue that ecological selection itself is a poor model of minimizing manufacturing complexity or conflict, and that the free market relies on conscious cooperation, agreement, and standards as much as on efficiency – more analogous to sexual selection. Charles Darwin himself co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=946929 |
Bionics In a more specific meaning, it is a creativity technique that tries to use biological prototypes to get ideas for engineering solutions. This approach is motivated by the fact that biological organisms and their organs have been well optimized by evolution. In chemistry, a biomimetic synthesis is a chemical syn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=946929 |
Plastic magnet A plastic magnet is a non-metallic magnet made from an organic polymer. One example is PANiCNQ, which is a combination of emeraldine-based polyaniline (PANi) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). When it was created by Pakistan born scientist Naveed A. Zaidi and colleagues at the University of Durham in 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=950025 |
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