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Denise L. Herzing is the founder and Research Director of the Wild Dolphin Project, a non-profit which funds the study of the natural behaviors and communication of Atlantic spotted dolphins in the wild. Herzing has earned her Ph. D. in Behavioral Biology/Environmental Studies, her M. A. in Behavioral Biology, and her B. S. in Marine Zoology Herzing's aim is to achieve two-way communication between humans and dolphins. She hopes to use a wearable underwater computer to record and make dolphin sounds. The computer aims to create synthesized dolphin sounds that can be established between sound and object. The object is to enable dolphins to imitate the sound in order to make requests from people. In the field of dolphin intelligence and communication, Herzing has recorded observations of dolphins expressing teaching behaviors. She also worked as part of a team that developed a new camera/hydrophone system which allows researchers to identify which dolphin on a recording made which sound. This device pairs a video camera with three hydrophones, recordings from the device can be used to assess the directionality of a sound moving through water. Herzing has described a method for unbiased quantification of nonhuman intelligence which can be applied to other animals as well as dolphins. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46529795 |
Intermetallic particle Intermetallic particles form during solidification of metallic alloys. For example, Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys form Al5FeSi- plate like intermetallic phase, Chinese script like -Al8Fe2Si, Al2Cu, etc. The size and morphology of these intermetallic phases in these alloys control the mechanical properties of these alloys especially strength and ductility. The size of these phases depends on the secondary dendrite arm spacing, as well as the Si content of the alloy, of the primary phase in the micro structure. In-situ synchrotron diffraction experiment on Electron alloy-WE 43 (Mg4Y3Nd) shows that this alloy form the following intermetallic phases ;Mg12Nd, Mg14Y4Nd,and Mg24Y5. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46532824 |
Solid light Solid light, often referred to in media as "hard light" or "hard-light", is a hypothetical material, made of light in a solidified state. Theoretically, it is possible to make such a material, and there are claims this material was already made, including claims from MIT and Harvard. In theory, photons, the particles that form electromagnetic radiation including light, could be attracted in a nonlinear medium. In test, a laser beam fired into an extremely cold cloud of rubidium slowed down the photons and made them act as a single entity. appears in many video game franchises, including "Halo", "Portal", "Destiny", "Mass Effect" and "Overwatch". Probably the most prominent examples of solid light are the holograms and holodecks from "" and it's and . Ranging from city-sized holographic environments and realistic, edible, nutritious food, to entire , with observed-sentience and individual personalities. The widespread use of holograms and replicated materials (replicators and holograms seem to share a base technology in the "Star Trek" universe) makes it the most widely known and advanced form of solid light represented in fiction. In "Steven Universe", the Gems are fictional alien race consisting of magical gemstones that project humanoid physical bodies made of solid light. In the webseries "RWBY", the character Velvet Scarlatina uses a handheld camera to 3D print photographed weapons, made out of hard-light Dust. In DC Comics's "Green Lantern", the various Lantern Corps use solid light constructs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46545942 |
Solid light It is also portrayed in "The Lightbringer" series by fantasy author Brent Weeks and in "Dr. Strange". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46545942 |
Biblical Museum of Natural History The Biblical Museum of Natural History, currently located in the northern industrial zone of Beit Shemesh, Israel, was founded in 2014 by Natan Slifkin, affectionately referred to as the "Zoo Rabbi." The establishment describe itself as "part natural history museum, part zoo" and is meant to "enhance the appreciation and understanding of biblical scripture and Jewish tradition via the natural world." Visitors are able to gain insight into the animals that lived in Israel during biblical times even if they no longer exist there now, such as bears and crocodiles. Visitors to the museum are currently directed by special tour by appointment only. Features include live animal, taxidermy and skeleton exhibits, as well as audio/visual presentations. Tour topics include unraveling incidents of misidentification of animals by biblical scholars of species mentioned in both the Five Books of Moses and the Talmud due to their lack of familiarity with different families that are not represented in places like Europe, where much of the Jewish medieval biblical commentary was written. In 2017 the Museum held a "Feast of Exotic Curiosities," at which foods including locusts, guineafowl, and water buffalo, that are described as kosher in the Bible but rarely served, were prepared by chef Moshe Basson of The Eucalyptus, a restaurateur known for his contemporary preparations of biblical foods | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46549338 |
Biblical Museum of Natural History Slifkin has authored the first volume of what will be a large collection of information related to the interplay of Judaism and zoology entitled "The Torah Encyclopedia of the Animal Kingdom". The encyclopedia will attempt to cover all animals mentioned in the Jewish scripture and highlight little known historical facts such as population diversity and habitation during biblical times. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46549338 |
Eftilagimod alpha (INN; development code IMP321 or efti) is a large-molecule cancer drug being developed by the clinical-stage biotechnology company Immutep. Efti is a soluble version of the immune checkpoint molecule LAG-3. It is an APC Activator used to increase an immune response to tumors, and is administered by subcutaneous injection. Efti has three intended clinical settings: is in Phase II clinical testing. Currently, the main indications for the drug are metastatic breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). ("efti" in short) is a soluble LAG-3 fusion protein that activates antigen-presenting cells. It is a 160 kDa protein consisting of the four extracellular domains of LAG-3 fused to the Fc region of an IgG1(LAG-3Ig). Efti binds preferentially to a subset of MHC class II molecules that are enriched in lipid rafts and/or composed of stable peptide-MHC II (pMHCII) complexes. On T cells, membrane-anchored LAG-3 is an LAG-3 is an inhibitory receptor downregulating T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Efti – as a soluble LAG-3 protein – is an MHC class II agonist and therefore a dendritic-cell activator, causing increased antigen presentation to cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells. In the absence of antigen presentation via MHC class II molecules, efti reactivates dormant antigen-experienced memory T cells, allowing them to recognize their antigen targets at the tumor site. Soluble LAG-3 was first established as a dendritic-cell activator in the late 1990s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46557481 |
Eftilagimod alpha Frédéric Triebel, who discovered LAG-3 in 1990, worked through the 1990s at his laboratory at the Institut Gustave Roussy, in collaboration with INSERM and Merck Serono, to elucidate LAG-3’s role in the adaptive immune system. Triebel et al. had successfully produced a soluble LAG-3Ig fusion protein by 1995 and subsequently discovered its anti-cancer properties "in vivo" in different mouse tumor models in 1990. Shortly thereafter in 2001, Triebel formed a biotechnology company called Immutep SA in order to develop the therapeutic potential of LAG-3. Immutep was acquired by Prima BioMed in 2014 and as a result became Prima BioMed's lead compound. In 2017, Prima BioMed changed its name to Immutep to reflect its developmental focus on LAG-3 therapeutics. As of February 2020, three clinical studies are ongoing: In the AIPAC study efti is administered in combination with paclitaxel to women with HER2 metastatic breast cancer whose disease progressed after endocrine therapy. This Phase IIb trial is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aiming to enroll 241 patients. It had an open run-in phase with 15 patients being treated and the results were published at the 2018 ASCO annual meeting. The study is ongoing and is expected to show results in the first half of 2020. The INSIGHT Phase I study is investigating the feasibility and safety of different routes of drug delivery (e.g. intra-tumoral, intra-peritoneal, and subcutaneous) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46557481 |
Eftilagimod alpha In the TACTI-002 Phase II study, efti is administered in combination with pembrolizumab in three distinct and independent cancer indications (following a basket trial design): In each of the three indications, a first cohort of patients is treated and only if a certain pre-determined number of tumor responses is reached may a second cohort of patients be enrolled. This follows the Simons two-stage design. At the 2019 SITC meeting, Immutep released interim results from their first-line metastatic NSCLC trial before announcing that stage 2 of the trial had officially commenced. In early 2020, Immutep also announced in a press release the continuation of their stage 2 trial in HNSCC. The TACTI-mel Phase I study investigated the safety and potenial synergies of efti in combination with the programmed cell death (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab in unresectable or metastatic melanoma. The trial is noted as complete on clinicaltrials.gov; final results were published at the 2019 World Immunotherapy Congress in Basel, Switzerland. No major safety concerns and preliminary safety results were reported. In April 2009, Immutep announced its involvement in a Phase I study in pancreatic cancer conducted at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. This 18-patient study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00732082) evaluated for safety the combination of efti with gemcitabine, a chemotherapy drug, at doses up to 2mg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46557481 |
Eftilagimod alpha The combination was found to be safe, however no significant differences were observed when comparing pre- and post-treatment levels of monocytes, dendritic cells, and T cells, likely due to sub-optimal dosing. The results of the study were reported online in "Investigational New Drugs" in August 2012. A 30-patient Phase IIa open-label study in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00349934) has suggested that efti works as a chemo-immunotherapeutic in breast cancer, whereby chemotherapy creates tumor debris (circulating tumor antigen), and efti increases activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) as they take up that debris. This trial arose in part from the findings of a June 2005 online paper in "Cancer Letters" by two researchers at the Centre René Huguenin in Saint-Cloud near Paris who had collaborated with Frédéric Triebel. This paper demonstrated that the level of serum soluble LAG-3 correlated with improved survival in breast cancer patients whose tumors were estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive. In the study, patients on weekly low-dose paclitaxel (chemotherapy) were administered ascending subcutaneous doses of efti on days 2 and 16 of a 28-day cycle of paclitaxel over six cycles. The maximum efti dose was 6.25mg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46557481 |
Eftilagimod alpha Paclitaxel was given on days 1, 8, and 15, meaning that patients were administered efti the day after paclitaxel had killed some tumor cells leading to antigenic tumor debris to be processed by dendritic cells for antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells. There were two notable outcomes to this study: The results of this study were reported in January 2010, and following an oral presentation at the ASCO Annual Meeting in June 2010 the results were published in July 2010 in the "Journal of Translational Medicine". The study provided the basis of a new patent filing for Eftilagimod alpha. Immutep's first Phase I study of efti in cancer patients was an open-label study in 21 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients, with the drug being used as a monotherapy (clincaltrials.gov identifier NCT00351949). These patients were known to be immunocompromised. The study, which began in late 2005, saw the patients administered ascending doses of efti (up to 30mg per subcutaneous injection) fortnightly for six injections. The drug appeared to work at the two highest doses of 6mg and 30mg, with the primary outcomes among the eight patients who received these doses: The results were published in "Clinical Cancer Research" in September 2009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46557481 |
Eftilagimod alpha Immutep conducted two Phase I studies designed to evaluate the safety as well as immune response profile of efti in humans: The years 2000 to 2008 saw a number of demonstrations of efti's effectiveness "in vitro" and "in vivo": In May 2015, Immutep (Prima Biomed at the time) announced a collaboration with NEC Corporation and Yamaguchi University in Japan in which Yamaguchi researchers would be combining efti with a peptide vaccine they had developed as a potential therapeutic for hepatocellular carcinoma. Immutep granted the rights to efti in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in October 2013 to Eddingpharm, a privately held Chinese pharmaceutical company. Efti is manufactured in CHO cells. Immutep worked with Henogen as the contracted manufacturing organization to provide efti for all trials until 2014. Immutep changed their contracted manufacturer to the Shangai-based WuXi PharmaTech, who began producing efti for all trials starting from 2016 onwards. 200-liter batches of efti are accepted for clinical trial use by multiple national agencies including FDA, PEI and MHRA. Recently, it was reported that upscaling to 2000-liter batches has initiated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46557481 |
Satoshi Takamatsu Takamatsu received a Bachelor of Science in solid-state physics from the University of Tsukuba in 1983, working for Japanese advertising company Dentsu from 1983 – 2005. In 2005 he started his own advertising firm, Ground. He is also founder and CEO of production company Space Films and space travel agency Space Travel, the Japanese partner of space tourism company Space Adventures. In January 2015 Takamatsu began training as an International Space Station spaceflight participant. Initially he was training to be the backup for the September 2015 Sarah Brightman Soyuz TMA-18M/Soyuz TMA-16M flight. On May 13, 2015, Brightman announced she had withdrawn from training, making Takamatsu part of the main crew. Takamatsu declined to take up the option on that flight, as he had planned to carry out art projects while in space, and they would not be ready by the September date. Instead, he would schedule a later flight, after the projects were ready. Takamatsu was replaced on Soyuz TMA-18M by Kazakh cosmonaut Aidyn Aimbetov, from the first Kazakhstan cosmonaut class, the first Kazakhstani cosmonaut selected to fly. Takamatsu's flight has been postponed from 2017 and is currently scheduled to take place in 2020. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46583098 |
Valerie Todd Davies (born 29 September 1920 in Makirikiri, near Wanganui, New Zealand, died 29 October 2012 in Brisbane, Queensland) was an arachnologist who described many species of spider. Valerie Ethel Todd (later Valerie Davies after her marriage) was born September 29, 1920 in Makirikiri, near Wanganui, in New Zealand. She attended Wanganui Girls' College and then studied her BSc at Victoria University in Wellington in 1939. She continued her studies toward a MSc at Otago University in Dunedin, graduating in 1943. Her thesis researched trap-door spiders. Upon graduation she worked as a research assistant and later an assistant lecturer in zoology at Otago University. Todd was awarded a post-graduate travelling scholarship in science to Somerville College, Oxford, where she completed her PhD. She returned to Dunedin in 1948 to marry George Davies, who was a lecturer in dentistry at the University of Otago. The Davies family moved to Brisbane in 1963 when George was appointed professor of social and preventive dentistry at the University of Queensland. Valerie Davies tutored part-time in the department of zoology, at the University of Queensland from 1964-1972. They built a house in 1965, designed by architect Maurice Hurst, on the banks of the Brisbane River at Fig Tree Pocket - "Awanui". In 1972, Davies was appointed curator of arachnids at the Queensland Museum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46596437 |
Valerie Todd Davies She worked as a senior research curator at the Queensland Museum until her retirement in 1985 but continued working as an honorary consultant at the museum until the age of 82. The genus Toddiana and 15 new species of arachnids, including "Austrachaea daviesae" were named for her. The spiders she collected and indexed during many expeditions to north Queensland form the basis of the arachnid collection at the Queensland Museum. 100 new species of spider and 17 new genera were collected during her many expeditions to Cape York, Mount Finnegan, Mount Bellenden and Hinchinbrook Island. Davies was a member of the International Federation of University Women (IFUW) and from 1978-1982 was deputy chair of the Queensland Rhodes Scholarship selection committee. Valerie Todd married George Davies, who she had known from girlhood in 1948. She died in October 29, 2012 and was survived by their three children. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46596437 |
Field strength (theoretical physics) In theoretical physics, field strength is another name for the curvature form. For the electromagnetic field, the curvature form is an antisymmetric matrix whose elements are the electric field and magnetic field: the electromagnetic tensor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46599616 |
João Pedro de Magalhães is a Portuguese microbiologist at the University of Liverpool. His lab at the University of Liverpool studies aging through both computational and experimental approaches. His ultimate goal is to cure human aging. In 1999, he obtained his degree in Microbiology from Escola Superior de Biotecnologia. Under Olivier Toussaint, he obtained his PhD from the University of Namur in 2004. Then he did a postdoc in the George Church lab from 2004 to 2008. He helps maintain several databases on aging - among them - GenAge, AnAge, DrugAge, CellAge, GenDR, the Digital Aging Atlas, and Who's Who in Gerontology. His research group helped sequence the transcriptome of the long-lived bowhead whale. He also helps advise the Lifeboat Foundation. Among his many longevity-related scientific research projects, Magalhães has sequenced and analyzed the genome of the bowhead whale. And he has also contributed to analysis of the genome of the naked mole rat. Both of these mammals are exceptionally long-lived and exceptionally cancer-resistant. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46615453 |
Abell 671 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation Cancer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46638948 |
Geometry index In structural chemistry and crystallography, the geometry index or structural parameter () is the number in a range 0...1 that indicates what the geometry of the coordination center is. The first such parameter for 5-coordinate compounds was developed in 1984. Later, parameters for 4-coordinate compounds were developed. There is on-line application for determining geometry indices on the basis of 3D structural files. To distinguish whether the geometry of the coordination center is trigonal bipyramidal or square pyramidal, the (originally just ) parameter was proposed by Addison "et al.": where: are the two greatest valence angles of the coordination center. When is close to 0 the geometry is similar to square pyramidal, while if is close to 1 the geometry is similar to trigonal bipyramidal: In 2007 Yang "et al." developed the analogous parameter to distinguish whether the geometry of the coordination center is square planar or tetrahedral. The formula is: where: and are the two greatest valence angles of coordination center; is a tetrahedral angle. When is close to 0 the geometry is similar to square planar, while if is close to 1 then the geometry is similar to tetrahedral. However, in contrast to the parameter, this does not distinguish and angles, so structures of significantly different geometries can have similar values. To overcome this issue, in 2015 Okuniewski "et al | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46644932 |
Geometry index " developed parameter that adopts values similar to but better differentiates the examined structures: where: are the two greatest valence angles of coordination center; is a tetrahedral angle. Extreme values of and denote exactly the same geometries, however is always less or equal to so the deviation from ideal tetrahedral geometry is more visible. If for tetrahedral complex the value of parameter is low, then one should check if there are some additional interactions within coordination sphere. For example, in complexes of mercury(II), the Hg···"π" interactions were found this way. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46644932 |
Modified pressure Some systems in fluid dynamics involve a fluid being subject to conservative body forces. Since a conservative body force is the gradient of some potential function, it has the same effect as a gradient in fluid pressure. It is often convenient to define a modified pressure equal to the true fluid pressure plus the potential. Examples of conservative body forces include gravity and the centrifugal force in a rotating reference frame. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46664026 |
Gustavo Orcés V. Natural History Museum () is a natural history museum in Quito, Ecuador. It was established in 2005. From the eighteenth century European naturalists came to Ecuador for scientific expeditions, during which they collected specimens of flora, fauna, rocks and fossils. In the early twentieth century, Franz Spillmann brought together a collection of fossils, which formed the "Cabinet of Natural Sciences" of the Central University. Later, in 1946, Robert Hoffstetter and Gustavo Orcés founded the Department of Biology at the National Polytechnic School, and made numerous paleontological expeditions, particularly in the Santa Elena peninsula. Hoffstetter's extensive work and organization formed the basis of the modern museum. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46672907 |
Wilhelm Ramsay (20 January 1865 – 6 January 1928) was a Finland Swede geologist. He became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1914 and in 1915 was accepted into the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund. He coined the terms Fennoscandia (1900) and Postjotnian (1909). Ramsay also coined the term ijolite. Together with Jakob Sederholm, Ramsay was a student of Fredrik Johan Wiik. Pentti Eskola was a student of Ramsay. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46685414 |
Gunnar Hoppe Ernst was a Swedish geographer and Quaternary geologist. He became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1964. At "Stockholms högskola" (as Stockholm University was known before it was granted university status in 1960) he succeeded Hans Wilhelmsson Ahlmann as professor of geography in 1954, holding that position until 1980. He was rector of Stockholm University from 1974 to 1978. In 2004, he obtained an honorary doctorate from the University of Iceland. Hoppe also was a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, Academia Europaea and the Polish Academy of Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46696410 |
Zhongwei-Tongxin fault The is one of the major "arcuate active fault zones in northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau". Six paleoearthquake events in the past 14,000 years have been recorded along the zone. Among the earthquakes recorded are the 1622 North Guyuan earthquake, which had a magnitude of 7.0 and mid-seismogenic depth of about , the 1709 Zhongwei earthquake, which had a magnitude of 7.5, and the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake with 7.8. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46711680 |
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is an abnormal phenomenon that is observed with certain organic luminophores (fluorescent dyes). Most organic compounds have planar structures and higher photoemission efficiencies in solution than in the solid state. Otherwise said, these fluorophores or fluorescent dyes are much more emissive in solution compared to just the solid form, in that the intensity of their emission is greater in solution. However, some organic luminophores have freely-rotating groups (rotational degrees of freedom), when these molecules are excited instead of releasing that energy as light they relax back down through these rotations. When these luminophores aggregate or crystallize, which restricts those rotations, they can become very fluorescent or emissive, and the photoluminescence efficiency (i.e. quantum yield) increases. The phenomenon in which organic luminophores show higher photoluminescence efficiency in the aggregated state than in solution is called aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). Some luminophores, e.g., diketopyrrolopyrrole-based and sulfonamide-based luminophores, only display enhanced emission upon entering the crystalline state. That is, these luminophores are said to exhibit crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE). Fluorescence-emission Polymer is a kind of polymer which can absorb light of certain frequency and then give out light. These polymers can be applied in biomaterial area | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46718276 |
Aggregation-induced emission Due to their high biocapacity and fluorescence, they can help researchers to find and mark the location of proteins. And polymers with property of aggregation-induced emission can also help to protect the healthy tissues from the harm of the medicines. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46718276 |
Tabriz Museum of Natural History is a museum of wild life in the city of Tabriz at north western Iran, established in 1993 by Department of Environment of Iran. The museum includes many of taxidermy of wild mammals, reptiles, birds, and aquatics which are inhabiting in Iranian Azerbaijan, Iran, and some other countries. It also have a section for sculptures of dinosaurs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46726166 |
Advanced Propulsion Physics Laboratory The or "Eagleworks Laboratories" at NASA's Johnson Space Center is a small research group investigating a variety of theories regarding new forms of spacecraft propulsion. The principal investigator is Dr. Harold G. White. The group is developing the White–Juday warp-field interferometer in the hope of observing small disturbances of spacetime and also testing small prototypes of thrusters that do not use reaction mass, with currently inconclusive results. The proposed principle of operation of these quantum vacuum plasma thrusters, such as the RF resonant cavity thruster ('EM Drive'), has been shown to be inconsistent with known laws of physics, including conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. No plausible theory of operation for such drives has been proposed. The is enabled by section 2.3.7 of the NASA Technology Roadmap TA 2: In Space Propulsion Technologies: The lab's purpose is to explore, investigate, and pursue advanced and theoretical propulsion technologies that are intended to allow human exploration of the solar system in the next 50 years with the ultimate goal of interstellar travel by the turn of the century. The 30x40 ft floor of the lab facility floats on large pneumatic piers in order to isolate it from any seismic activity. The pneumatic piers were originally built for the Apollo program and used to perform work involving inertial measurement units (IMU) before being brought out of retirement. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46736509 |
Choripetalae (1876), is a descriptive botanical name used in the Eichler and Wettstein systems for a group in the flowering plants. It was one of two groups within the Dicotyledones, the other being the Sympetalae. The latter have fused petals (sympetally) which distinguishes them from the free, unfused petals of the Choripetalae. Thus if the petals are free from one another in the corolla, the plant is "polypetalous" or "choripetalous"; while if the petals are at least partially fused together, it is "gamopetalous" or "sympetalous". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46740649 |
Biomin is an animal health and nutrition company headquartered in Inzersdorf-Getzersdorf, Austria that develops and produces feed additives and premixes for livestock animals including swine, poultry, dairy and beef cattle as well as aquaculture. The firm supplies customers in more than 100 countries throughout the world. The Research Center (BRC) at Campus Tulln in Austria, employs 80 researchers engaged in applied basic research to lead the firm’s in-house R&D efforts, supported by a research network of 150 academic and research institutions worldwide. 1983: Erich Erber opened in a small warehouse in Pottenbrunn, Austria with a staff of three, starting with a livestock premix product line containing probiotics. Founder Erich Erber named the product and company based on the idea of combining “biological minerals” and so the brand name "Biomin" was born. 1985: bought Interpremix, a small premix factory, as its first production facility. The acquired firm also made a product called Antitox Plus, the first product available that ‘binds’ mycotoxins through a process known as adsorption. 1988: signed a research agreement with the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria, and Dr. Josef Leibetseder to further improve the efficacy of Antitox Plus to a wider range of mycotoxins. Only several years later the second generation of the mycotoxin deactivation product was launched under the brand name Mycofix. 1994: The brand name was separated from the Interpremix product line | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46745932 |
Biomin Erber AG became the holding company of Biomin. 2012: finalized acquisition of Microplus, a Germany-based feed additive producer, and rolled out Digestarom, a phytogenic feed additive. 2013: receives EU authorization for its multi-species probiotic, PoultryStar. 2015: Global Product introduction of Mycofix 5.0. 2016: Product introduction of Digestarom DC – TheFeedConverter 2017: Opening of first ERBER Group North American hub (ROMER LABS & BIOMIN), Kansas City Grand Opening of the new BIOMIN production site in Wuxi, China All application orientated basic research of is conducted by its in-house R&D team at the Research Center (BRC) at Campus Tulln, Austria. 80 researchers engage in microbiology, molecular biology, cell biology, analytics, fermentation, bioactive ingredient formulation and quality control. Collaborations with global institution and organizations as well as joint projects with universities and research institutions are carried out to further advance scientific knowledge regarding mycotoxins, feed additives and animal nutrition. According to the company’s own information, currently collaborates with more than 150 academic and research institutions worldwide. The firm's products include acidifiers, phytogenics, probiotics, silage preservation and mycotoxin-detoxifying agents. is considered a market-leading pioneer in mycotoxin risk management solutions. It is the first and only feed additive company to obtain EU authorization for substances with proven mycotoxin counteracting properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46745932 |
Sevetti moraine The is a particular assemblage of morainic forms found between Partakko and Sevettijärvi in northern Finland. The Sevetti moraines are disposed in trains about long and wide. They have rugged surfaces. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46759324 |
Catherine Gage (18 May 1815 – 16 February 1892) was an Irish botanist, botanical and ornithological illustrator. was born in County Down on 18 May 1815, the daughter of Rev. Robert Gage and Catherine Boyd. Gage lived her entire life in the family home, Manor House on Rathlin Island. Gage died 16 February 1892 and was buried on Rathlin Island. Gage seems to have devoted a large portion of her life to illustrating a book by her brother Robert Gage on the birds of Rathlin Island that was never published. The book was styled on that of John James Audubon's "The Birds of America". During the course of this work she produced over five hundred watercolours of birds. She also illustrated local plants, creating a list for the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, the abstract for which was published in the 1850 "Annals and Magazine of Natural History". She also worked with her sister, Barbara Gage, illustrating the local flora as well as the fauna. When the folio of bird illustrations was auctioned in 2010, they were sold for €13,500. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46759963 |
WISE J224607.57−052635.0 (or W2246−0526 for short) is an extremely luminous infrared galaxy (ELIRG) which, in 2015, was announced as the most luminous galaxy in the Universe. The brightness is 350 trillion times that of the Sun (349×10), and the merger of smaller nearby galaxies may be contributing to its brightness. The light is generated by a quasar 10 billion times the mass of the Sun. The optical and ultraviolet light emitted by the accretion disc around the quasar's supermassive black hole is absorbed by the galaxy's dust and remitted in the infrared. The galaxy releases 10,000 times more energy than the Milky Way galaxy, although WISE J224607.57-052635.0 is the smaller of the two. WISE J224607.57-052635.0 has a light-travel distance of 12.5 billion light-years from it to Earth. The galaxy was discovered using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46769826 |
Nicolas Josef Eugene Holl (10 December 1855 in Provins – c. 1919) was a French entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. Nicolas Holl was a military engineer. Holl collected extensively in Algiers and Blida. His collections were sold to Walter Rothschild. He was a Member of the Société entomologique de France. partial list | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46774427 |
Jesús Aguilar Paz (15 October 1895 in Gualala, Santa Bárbara Department – 26 June 1974 in Tegucigalpa) was a Honduran chemist, pharmacist, cartographer, folklorist and teacher. In 1915, he was appointed Secretary of the Escuela Normal de Occidente in the city of La Esperanza, Intibucá, where he was later appointed deputy director. Between 1915 and 1933 he made extensive trips around the country, taking sketches and making notes, which would become the subject of several books. In 1931 he published "Tradiciones y leyendas de Honduras" ("Traditions and legends of Honduras") and in 1933 he published the official general map of the municipalities of Honduras, "Mapa General de la República de Honduras". He was a member and editor of the "Sociedad de Geografía e Historia de Honduras" journal. From 1950 to 1953 he was Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy of the National University of Honduras. In 1947, he published a book on chemistry, "Interpretación química y Ley Periódica Universal". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46779645 |
Cirilo Nelson (born July 30, 1938) is a Honduran botanist and researcher at the Department of Biology of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. In 1965, he earned his master's degree at the University of Colorado. In the mid 1980s, he collected plants with the likes of David Ruiz and Sandra Gomez in the Swan Islands. He is particularly renowned for his catalogue of Honduran plants, around 10,127 described species, believed to be representative of about 60 percent of what exists. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46781647 |
François-Robert Fenwick Brown (24 September 1837, Bordeaux – 29 September 1915, Caudéran, Gironde) also known as Robert-Francois Brown; Francois Robert Fenwick Brown, was a French entomologist who specialised in Microlepidoptera. He was a Member of the Société entomologique de France. His collections are held by the Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux (Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Bordeaux). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46782598 |
Gabriel Dupuy (5 February 1840, Angouleme – 5 February 1913, Bordeaux) was a French entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. Depuy taught at École nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier (Hérault). He studied the butterflies and moths of France notably Charente, Deux-Sèvres, Dordogne and Gironde. He was a Member of the Société Entomologique de France. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46787911 |
Lake Lawrence erratic The Lawrence Lake erratic is a glacial erratic boulder near Lake Lawrence in Thurston County, Washington. The boulder is about tall. Lake Lawrence itself was formed when the Vashon Glaciation created most of the topography seen in the Puget Sound region. The erratic is one of the southernmost in the Puget Sound region, near the limit of the Yelm lobe of the Vashon Glacier in the Rainier area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46788332 |
Charles Theodore Blachier (6 February 1859, Geneva – 5 October 1915, Geneva) was a Swiss entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. Blachier taught Grammar. He was a Member of the Société entomologique de France. His collections of Palearctic Lepidoptera are held by the Natural History Museum of Geneva. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46788995 |
Theodore Vigé (2 November 1867, Saint-Agnante (Charent-Inferieure- 19--) was a French entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was a contributor to "Catalogue des lépidoptères observés dans l'ouest de la France (région atlantique d'altitude inférieure à 300 mètres)" par Henri Gelin & Daniel Lucas. was a Member of the Société Entomologique de France. He lived in Dompierre-sur-Mer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46789697 |
Miguel Andonie Fernández (30 October 1921 in Gualala, Santa Bárbara – 30 November 2013) was a Honduran chemist, pharmacologist, academic, politician and businessman of paternal Palestinian origin. He was associated with the Colegio de Químicos y Farmacéuticos. He was the chairman of Multimedia, SA and a real estate investor, and invested much in a chain of pharmacies in Honduras. He owned one of Honduras's most notable radio stations, Radio America. The National Congress of Honduras awarded him the Honor of Merit for his contributions to politics and science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46795242 |
EPNdB Effective perceived noise in decibels (EPNdB) is a measure of the relative noisiness of an individual aircraft pass-by event. It is used for aircraft noise certification and applies to an individual aircraft, not the noise exposure from an airport. Separate ratings are stated for takeoff, overflight and landing events, and represent the integrated power sum of noisiness during the event. Instantaneous value of noisiness is computed with the PNL or PNdB metric over the period within which the noise from the aircraft is within 10 dB of the maximum noise (usually at the point of closest approach.) It is defined in Annex 16 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation and in Part 36 of the US Federal Aviation Regulations. The scaling is such that the rating represents the integrated noisiness over a ten-second period; of 100 dB means that the event has the same integrated noisiness as a 100 PNdB sound lasting ten seconds. Direct comparison with A-weighted sound pressure level, which is used for many other environmental sound measurements, is not possible because PNdB is a noisiness metric rather than a sound pressure metric. It is important to make the distinction between loudness and noisiness. The same kinds of analytical methods are used but instead of using equal-loudness_contours, equal-noisiness contours are derived and used instead. The metric is only used in the US for aircraft certification purposes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46818848 |
EPNdB In Australia and Canada, it's the basis for the ANEF and NEF noise exposure forecast used in place of the DNL and Day-evening-night metrics used in the US and Europe respectively. Detailed information on measurement of aircraft acoustic signature to meet the requirements of Annex 16 is found in ICAO Document 9501 and IEC 61265. Data acquisition in one-third-octave bands is required, followed by processing to yield a logarithmically-scaled value in decibels relative to a sound pressure of 20 micropascals for each one-third-octave band. The individual band sound pressure levels are converted to "noy" values which are then summed in the manner of Stevens' MKVI loudness to yield a total noy value. Noy is a linear unit of noisiness like sone is for loudness, and is then converted into PNL or PNdB (the terms are interchangeable) which is a logarithmic unit like phon which is the logarithmic unit for loudness. is the integrated PNdB value over the duration of the pass-by event, normalized to a 10-second event duration using Stevens%27s_power_law. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46818848 |
Exact Sciences (company) Exact Sciences Corp. is a molecular diagnostics company with an initial focus on the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Exact Sciences Corp. launched Cologuard in 2014, the first stool DNA test for colorectal cancer. The company was founded in 1995 in Marlborough, Massachusetts, but today it is headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin. In January 2001, the company had its initial public offering on NASDAQ. In March 2009, Kevin Conroy joined Exact Sciences as CEO & president. In June 2009, Exact Sciences and the Mayo Clinic established a mutual collaboration and licensing agreement. In August 2014, Cologuard received premarket approval from the Food and Drug Administration In August 2017, Exact Sciences purchased Sampleminded, a healthcare information technology company based in Salt Lake City, Utah, for $3.2 million. In January 2018, during the J.P Morgan Healthcare Conference, Exact Sciences announced its purchase of Armune Bioscience, a cancer diagnostic developer based out of Kalamazoo and Ann Arbor, Michigan. Third-quarter financial reports revealed the price of the Armune Bioscience acquisition to be valued at $12 million, plus $17.5 million in incentives for certain milestones. In January 2018, Exact Sciences completed a $690 million convertible bond offering. In October 2018, Exact Sciences announced the acquisition of Biomatrica, a developer of sample preservation technology based in San Diego, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46824584 |
Exact Sciences (company) Financial reports revealed the purchase price to be $20 million with an additional $20 million in incentives for certain milestones. In June 2019, Exact Sciences opened a new lab and warehouse with 169,000 square feet to expand its Cologuard test. In July 2019 in its largest acquisition yet, Exact Sciences announced its intention to buy Genomic Health, a genetic cancer detection company based in Redwood City, California, for $2.8 billion. In August 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the company’s at-home multitarget stool DNA screening test called Cologuard, for the detection of colorectal cancers and pre-cancers. This test has a false positive rate of 13%. Pipeline products include esophageal, breast, lung, liver, and pancreatic cancer testing. Since 2009, Exact Sciences has maintained a collaboration with Mayo Clinic for its current and future products. In 2009, Exact Sciences also completed a licensing agreement with Hologic for its molecular detection platform. In April of 2017, Exact Sciences and MDxHealth agreed to share technology on a variety of epigenetics and molecular diagnostics applications for 5 years. In August of 2018, Exact Sciences and Pfizer Inc. announced an agreement through 2021 to co-promote Cologuard. In November of 2018, Exact Sciences announced a partnership with Epic Systems for order entries. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46824584 |
Predicted no-effect concentration The Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) is the concentration of a chemical which marks the limit at which below no adverse effects of exposure in an ecosystem are measured. PNEC values are intended to be conservative and predict the concentration at which a chemical will likely have no toxic effect. They are not intended to predict the upper limit of concentration of a chemical that has a toxic effect. PNEC values are often used in environmental risk assessment as a tool in ecotoxicology. A PNEC for a chemical can be calculated with acute toxicity or chronic toxicity single-species data, Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) multi-species data, field data or model ecosystems data. Depending of the type of data used, an assessment factor is used to account for the confidence of the toxicity data being extrapolated to an entire ecosystem. The use of assessment factors allows for laboratory, single-species and short term toxicity data to be extrapolated to conservatively predict ecosystem effects and accounts for the uncertainty in the extrapolation. The value of the assessment factor is dependent on the uncertainty of the available data and ranges from 1-1000. Acute toxicity data includes LC50 and EC50 data. This data is frequently screened for quality, relevancy and ideally contains data for species in multiple trophic levels and/or taxonomic groups. The lowest LC50 in the compiled database is then divided by the assessment factor to calculate the PNEC for that data | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46830895 |
Predicted no-effect concentration The assessment factor applied to acute toxicity data is typically 1000. Chronic toxicity data includes NOEC data. The lowest NOEC value in the test dataset is divided by an assessment factor between 10 and 100 dependent on the diversity of test organisms and the amount of data available. If there are more species or data, the assessment factor is lower. A PNEC may also be statistically derived from a SSD which is a model of the variability in the sensitivity of multiple species to a single toxicant or other stressor. The hazardous concentration for five percent of the species (HC5) in the SSD is used to derive the PNEC. The HC5 is the concentration at which five percent of the species in the SSD exhibit an effect. The HC5 is typically divided by an assessment factor of 1-5. In many cases, SSDs may not exist due to the lack of data on a large number of species. In these cases, the assessment factor approach to derivation of a PNEC should be used. Field data or model ecosystems data includes field toxicity data and mesocosm toxicity. The magnitude of the assessment factor is study-specific in these types of studies. PNEC is used extensively in Europe by the European Chemicals Agency, the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals program and other toxicology agencies to assess environmental risk. PNEC values can be used in conjunction with predicted environmental concentration values to calculate a risk characterization ratio (RCR), also called a Risk Quotient (RQ) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46830895 |
Predicted no-effect concentration RCR is equal to the PEC divided by the PNEC for a specific chemical and is a deterministic approach to estimating environmental risk at local or regional scales. If the PNEC exceeds the PEC, the conclusion is that the chemical poses no environmental risk. Derivation of PNEC for use in environmental risk lacks some scientific validity because the assessment factors are derived empirically. Additionally, PNECs derived from single-species toxicity data also assume that ecosystems are as sensitive as the most sensitive species and that the ecosystem function is dependent on the ecosystem structure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46830895 |
FMRFamide in Biomphalaria glabrata FMRFamide, a neuropeptide involved in cardiac activity regulation, is found in "Biomphalaria glabrata", a species of a freshwater snail best known for its role as the intermediate host for the human-infecting trematode parasite "Schistosoma mansoni". This freshwater snail species is used as a model organism, in other words, a non-human species which is extensively studied to understand a biological phenomenon, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. Model organisms are in vivo models and are widely used to research human disease when human experimentation would be unfeasible or unethical. This snail has been studied in relation to human pathology and the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. "S. masoni" is known to change its host’s ("B. glabrata"'s) behavior via the upregulation/downregulation of neuropeptides such as schistosomin and NPY, and some studies have reported that FMRFamide is aminergic, and may be implicated in the secretion of molecules to respond to infection with parasites. The ganglionic central nervous system (CNS) of "B. glabrata" consists of paired cerebral, pedal, pleural, parietal, and buccal ganglia, and one unpaired visceral ganglion. FMRFamide is concentrated in the concentrated in the cerebral and visceral ganglia, although evidence from current research suggests that FMRFamide moves downward of the head-foot region of the snail as embryonic development proceeds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46840954 |
FMRFamide in Biomphalaria glabrata The exact role of FMRFamide during early development of the embryonic central nervous system is not well studied. Detection of this neuropeptide is important because its expression lays down the foundation of the CNS in the early stages of development in invertebrates. In recent years, neuromodulatory actions of FMRFamide in invertebrates have become more apparent. This is in part due to the extensive studies done on the Planorbidae and Lymnaeidae families of pond snails. FMRFamide expression in "B. glabrata" can be detected as early 72 hours, post-cleavage. Studies have shown its expression pattern in the posterior of the ganglionic nervous system, as the first FMRFamide immunoreactive cell appears at 25-28% of development and is located at the extreme posterior of the embryo. The cell sends a single process on each side and each process follows the body curvature. As these processes elongate, two lateral FMRFamide-expressing cells are apparent on either side of the body wall. Some studies have suggested that FMRFamide these structures may innervate muscles that originate in trochopore larvae and expand during development. This neuromodulator helps to regulate cardiac activity. Several FMRFamid related peptides are known, regulating various cellular functions and possessing pharmacological actions, such as anti-opiate effects. FMRFamide may also play a role in osmoregulation and developmental patterning | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46840954 |
FMRFamide in Biomphalaria glabrata This neuropeoptide has multiple functions and controls many processes that allow the embryo to mature into an adult snail. FMRFamide patterning over the course of embryonic life has been recorded through immunofluorescence. Embryos at 0 to 144 hours (6 days) post cleavage were extracted from the egg mass and fixed in 4% PFA for 2 hrs at room temperature. Embryos older than 4 days were pre-treated with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution in PBS for 5 minutes to improve primary antibody penetration, and then fixed in 4% PFA for 2 hours at room temperature. Embryos were then washed overnight in 4% Triton X-100 in PBS and incubated in blocking solution, 1% normal goal serum in PBS, overnight at 4 °C. After blocking overnight, embryos were treated with a primary antibody solution at 1:2000 (in NGS/PBS). Secondary antibody tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (polyclonal) was incubated at 1:20, overnight at 4 °C. Embryos were then mounted on a slide and viewed with fluorescent microscopy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46840954 |
Karl Engelbrecht Hirn Karl Hirn (1872–1907) was a Finnish botanist, specialized in freshwater algae. He was also a high school teacher. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46846384 |
National Weather Service Topeka, Kansas National Weather Service – Topeka, Kansas (Abbreviation TOP) is a local National Weather Service forecast office based in Topeka, the state capital of Kansas. Its offices are located near Philip Billard Municipal Airport. It provides weather and emergency information to 23 counties in north-central, northeast, and east-central Kansas. Communities that rely on the Topeka Weather Office for forecasts and severe storm warnings include Abilene, Clay Center, Concordia, Council Grove, Emporia, Hiawatha, Junction City, Lawrence, Manhattan, Marysville, Ottawa, and Topeka. The Topeka NWS Office operates five NOAA Weather Radio transmitters to provide timely weather forecasts, watches, warnings and statements to the public. All transmitters operate on 1000 Watts of power. WXK91, based in Maple Hill, broadcasts at 162.475 MHz and serves the following Kansas counties: Douglas, Geary, Jackson, Jefferson, Morris, Osage, Pottawatomie, Riley, Shawnee, Wabaunsee, and Atchison§. § "Atchison County falls under the responsibility of the Pleasant Hill, MO Forecast Office." WXK94, based in Concordia, broadcasts at 162.550 MHz and serves the following Kansas counties: Clay, Cloud, Ottawa, Republic, Washington, Jewell§, and Mitchell§. § "Jewell and Mitchell counties fall under the responsibility of the Hastings, NE Forecast Office." WXL71, based in Abilene, broadcasts at 162.525 MHz and serves the following Kansas counties: Clay, Dickinson, Geary, Morris, Ottawa, Riley, Ellsworth§, Marion§, McPherson§, and Saline§ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46857900 |
National Weather Service Topeka, Kansas § "Ellsworth, Marion, McPherson and Saline counties fall under the responsibility of the Wichita, KS Forecast Office." KZZ67, based in Blue Rapids, broadcasts at 162.425 MHz and serves the following Kansas counties: Marshall, Nemaha, Pottawatomie, Riley, and Washington. KGG98, based in Halls Summit, broadcasts at 162.425 MHz and serves the following Kansas counties: Anderson, Coffey, Douglas, Franklin, Lyon, Osage, Allen§, Chase§, Greenwood§, and Woodson§. § "Allen, Chase, Greenwood and Woodson counties fall under the responsibility of the Wichita, KS Forecast Office." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46857900 |
Liminal BioSciences Inc. is a Canadian biopharmaceutical company. The company is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Liminal was founded in 1988, as a commercial spinoff of research at the University of Cambridge on affinity chromatography. Its founder was the current President and CEO, Pierre Laurin, whose research formed the basis for the company's products. On May 19, 1998, the Corporation went public through a listing on the Toronto Stock Exchange. In August 2016, the company announced the acquisition of Telesta Therapeutics. Most of the company's products are based on its affinity chromatography process. One use of this process is the purification of drugs, reducing impurities and thus side effects. A second use is removing pathogens from human blood; in 2002, Liminal formed a joint venture with the American Red Cross to remove pathogens and viruses from collected blood. A third application is to extract and purify therapeutic proteins from human plasma, which are then used in the creation of therapeutics and orphan drugs. Liminal has two business segments: the protein technologies segment and the small-molecule therapeutics segment. The small-molecule therapeutics segment produces products for sufferers of fibrosis, cancer and autoimmune diseases. The company most prominent product is PBI-4050, an anti-fibrosis product. Headquartered in Laval, Quebec, Liminal has: It also conducts business development activities in the US, Europe and Asia. As of 2015, it has approximately 250 employees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46882757 |
Liminal BioSciences From early 2018 to early 2019, Prometic Life Sciences' Share price dropped 79%. Prometic responded with a dilutitive restructuring of the company, a move which wiped out most of their shareholder's equity. The company's shareholders were denied a say in the matter after Prometic sought permission from the Toronto Stock Exchange to proceed without a shareholder vote for reasons of "financial hardship". In October 2019, the company allowed its shareholders to vote on a name change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46882757 |
Chaotic rotation involves the irregular and unpredictable rotation of an astronomical body. Unlike Earth's rotation, a chaotic rotation may not have a fixed axis or period. Because of the conservation of angular momentum, chaotic rotation is not seen in objects that are spherically symmetric or well isolated from gravitational interaction, but is the result of the interactions within a system of orbiting bodies, similar to those associated with orbital resonance. Examples of chaotic rotation include Hyperion, a moon of Saturn, which rotates so unpredictably that the Cassini probe could not be reliably scheduled to pass by unexplored regions, and Pluto's Nix, Hydra, and possibly Styx and Kerberos, and also Neptune's Nereid. According to Mark R. Showalter, author of a recent study, "Nix can flip its entire pole. It could actually be possible to spend a day on Nix in which the sun rises in the east and sets in the north. It is almost random-looking in the way it rotates." Another example is that of galaxies; from careful observation by the Keck and Hubble telescopes of hundreds of galaxies, a trend was discovered that suggests galaxies such as our own Milky Way used to have a very chaotic rotation, with planetary bodies and stars rotating randomly. New evidence suggests that our galaxy and other have settled into an orderly, disk-like rotation over the past 8 billion years and that other galaxies are slowly following suit over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46884197 |
Yasunori Nomura (born 1974) is a theoretical physicist working on particle physics, quantum gravity, and cosmology. He is a professor of physics at University of California, Berkeley, a senior faculty scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and a principal investigator at Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. Since 2015, he has been the director of the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics. Nomura received his Ph.D. from University of Tokyo (supervisor Tsutomu Yanagida) in 2000 and became a Miller Research Fellow at University of California, Berkeley. In 2002-03 he was an associate scientist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. In July 2003 he joined the Department of Physics at University of California, Berkeley. In 2017, Nomura was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society "for pioneering contributions to a variety of areas of particle theory, including gauge unification in extra dimensions, electroweak symmetry breaking, supersymmetric models, dark matter, the multiverse, foundations of quantum mechanics, and black holes." Nomura works on particle physics, quantum gravity, and cosmology. He developed theories of grand unification in higher dimensional spacetime and constructed the so-called holographic Higgs model, the first realistic model in which a composite Higgs particle arises as a pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson. He also proposed that the eternally inflating multiverse is the same thing as quantum many worlds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46888707 |
BDF-3299 is a remote galaxy with a redshift of z = 7.109 corresponds to a distance traveled by light to come down to Earth of 12.9 billion light-years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46892362 |
BDF-521 is a remote galaxy with a redshift of z = 7.008 corresponds to a distance traveled by light to come down to Earth of 12.89 billion light years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46892477 |
Theodor Friedrich Julius Basiner (3 January 1816–14 October 1862) was a Baltic German botanist who lived and worked mainly in Imperial Russia. was born in Tartu, present-day Estonia, and studied at Tartu University between 1836 and 1840. In 1843 he became a conservator at the Botanical Garden in Saint Petersburg. He kept this position until 1845, when he became the institution's librarian. In 1849 he moved to a new position in Kiev, present-day Ukraine. In 1842-43 he made a scientific journey to Khiva in present-day Uzbekistan. He died in Vienna, Austria. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46893109 |
Theophil Joachim Heinrich Bienert (3 May 1833 – 5 April 1873) was a Baltic German botanist who lived and worked mainly in Imperial Russia. was born in Kandava, in the Courland Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Latvia), and studied in Jelgava to become an apothecary. In 1858 he moved to Tartu in present-day Estonia and worked there as an assistant to the head of the Botanical Garden there. In 1858-59 he participated in the Russian Geographical Society's scientific expedition to Khorasan. He then stayed in Tartu until 1872, when he moved to Riga and took up a position at Riga Technical University. The genus "Bienertia" is named in honour of him by Alexander Bunge. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46893336 |
Suanite is a magnesium borate mineral with formula MgBO. It was first described in 1953 by Japanese scientist Takeo Watanabe from the University of Tokyo. His first contact with the mineral was during analysis of gold- and copper- bearing skarn minerals from the Hol Kol mine, located in North Korea obtained in 1939. Due to the small sample size available to him, he was only able to determine the unknown substance's optical properties under a microscope. Watanabe was able to return to the site in 1943 and obtain further samples that permitted him to perform chemical analysis on the material. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46896540 |
Haslach glaciation The (), Haslach Glacial Stage ("Haslach-Glazial"), Haslach Complex ("Haslach-Komplex") and Haslach Ice Age ("Haslach-Eiszeit") are historical terms for a cold period of the Pleistocene epoch. Haslach was not included in the traditional glacial schema of the Alps by Albrecht Penck and Eduard Brückner. The glacial stage was first described around 1981 by A. Schreiner and R. Ebel. Its type region is the Haslach Gravels ("Haslach-Schotter") in the area of the Riß-Iller-Lech Plateau. The Haslach cold period was thought to be preceded by the Günz-Haslach interglacial and followed by the Haslach-Mindel Interglacial. The name Haslach is absent from the 2016 version of the detailed stratigraphic table by the German Stratigraphic Commission. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46901072 |
Eric Wolff Eric William Wolff, FRS (born 5 June 1957) is a British climatologist, glaciologist, and academic. Since 2013, he has been Royal Society Research Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge. In 2009, he was awarded the Louis Agassiz Medal by the European Geosciences Union. The medal is awarded 'in recognition of [an individual's] outstanding scientific contribution to the study of the cryosphere on Earth or elsewhere in the solar system'. In 2010, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), the UK's most senior learned society for science. In 2012, he was awarded the Lyell Medal by the Geological Society of London. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46904022 |
Jakob Benjamin Fischer (13 October 1731–25 July 1793) was a Baltic German naturalist and apothecary. was born in Riga and studied to become an apothecary there. Between 1756 and 1758, he studied natural sciences, physics and chemistry in Copenhagen and in 1761 he went to Uppsala and studied botany and zoology under Carl von Linné. He then moved back to Riga and run a pharmacy in the city. He also engaged in studies of the natural environment of present-day Latvia, and produced several works on the nature of Latvia in which he also referred to the native Latvian names of plants and animals. The most important of his works, "Versuch einer Naturgeschichte von Liefland", is one the earliest descriptions of the nature of Livonia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46906118 |
Ocean zoning is a policy approach for environmental resource management in oceanic environments. This, often big picture, approach to ocean management allocates areas for various ocean uses. Types of zones can include areas designated for marine protected areas (including marine reserves), aquaculture, various types of fishing, shipping, recreation (including scuba diving), mooring/anchoring, and energy production (including offshore wind power). The process of marine spatial planning can result in ocean zones being legally established. Benefits of ocean zoning can include reducing conflict between users, safeguarding ecologically important areas, enabling commercial activity to develop with certainty, and supporting international cooperation. A key challenge of ocean zoning is balancing environmental, economic, security, social, and cultural interests in delineation of zone boundaries. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46925794 |
On a Piece of Chalk was an 1868 lecture by Thomas Henry Huxley to the working men of Norwich during a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. It was published as an essay in "Macmillan's Magazine" in London later that year. The piece reconstructs the geological history of Britain from a simple piece of chalk and demonstrates science as "organized common sense". "On a Piece of Chalk" was republished by Scribner in 1967 with an introduction by Loren Eiseley and illustrations by Rudolf Freund. In 1967, Dael Wolfle of the AAAS gave a favorable review for "On a Piece of Chalk", writing: In April 2015, physicist and Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg included "On a Piece of Chalk" in a personal list of "the 13 best science books for the general reader". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46955256 |
Johann Wilhelm Adolf Hansemann (14 May 1784, Finkenwerder Hamburg– 26 July 1862, Diepholz) was a German entomologist and insect dealer. Prediger was a Pastor in Leese. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46962604 |
Christian Nikolai Richard Pohle (, Richard Richardovytch Pohle; 5 August 1869–4 August 1926) was a Baltic German botanist. Born in Riga, he studied in Germany and earned his doctorate degree from Dresden University of Technology. 1905-1916 he worked at Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden. He undertook scientific journeys to Novaya Zemlya and Siberia. In 1916, he was under threat of deportation to Siberia but managed to flee the country on snowshoes through northern Finland to Norway. He spent the rest of his life in Germany. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46963467 |
Undersea mountain range Undersea mountain ranges are mountain ranges that are mostly or entirely underwater, and specifically under the surface of an ocean. If originated from current tectonic forces, they are often referred to as a "mid-ocean ridge". In contrast, if formed by past above-water volcanism, they are known as a "seamount chain". The largest and best known undersea mountain range is a mid-ocean ridge, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It has been observed that, "similar to those on land, the undersea mountain ranges are the loci of frequent volcanic and earthquake activity". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46977905 |
Automated synthesis or automatic synthesis is a set of techniques that use robotic equipment to perform chemical synthesis in an automated way. Most tasks that are performed may include: synthesis in variety of different conditions, sample preparation, purification, extractions. systems find new applications with a development of new robotic platforms. Possible applications are: uncontrolled synthesis, time-dependent synthesis, radiosynthesis, synthesis in demanding conditions (low temperatures, presence of specific atmosphere like CO, H, N, high pressure or under vacuum) or whenever the same or similar workflow needs to be applied multiple times with the aim to: optimize reactions, synthesize many derivatives in small scale, perform reactions of iterative homologations or radiosynthesis. workflows are needed both in academic research and a wide array of industrial R&D settings (pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fine & specialty chemicals, renewables & energy research, catalysts, polymers, ceramics & abrasives, porous materials, nanomaterials, biomaterials, lubricants, paints & coatings, home care, personal care, nutrition, forensics). One of the leading facilities in automated synthesis is Bristol Automated Synthesis Facility based at the University of Bristol (UK) run by prof. Varinder Aggarwal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47013690 |
Automated synthesis Facility uses Chemspeed Technologies SWING platform available for automated parallel chemical synthesis, with capabilities including inert atmosphere, liquids and solids dispensing, temperature control from −70 °C to 120 °C, high pressure (up to 80 bar) and integrated solid-phase extraction with dedicated LC-MS off-line analysis. There are a few producers of automated synthesis platforms. Best known are Chemspeed Technologies, Synple Chem and Unchained Labs Feeslate. Platforms use variety of tools in order to perform all operations needed in synthesis. Robotic arm uses dispensers and grippers to transfer materials. Shakers adjust the stirring speed. Conditions of reactions (atmosphere, temperature, pressure) are controlled with help of peripherals like: gas cylinders, vacuum pump, reflux system and cryostat. One of first fully automated synthesis systems were applied by Tohru Sugawara, Shinji Kato and Shigeha Okamoto Bristol Automated Synthesis Facility based at the University of Bristol (UK) Chemspeed Technologies AG Synple Chem AG | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47013690 |
Radiosynthesis is a fully automated synthesis method in which radioactive compounds are produced. is generally carried out by several nuclear interface modules, which are protected by the lead shielding and controlled by a computer semi-automatically. The set-ups of modules are different depending on the type of product and synthesis process. Consequently, the modules should be adapted with the synthesis stages. In some cases, such stages of synthesis are carried out manually in order to optimize the radiochemical yield or due to the incompatibility or lack of module. modules consist of following constant components: There are also some components which are added based on the synthesis set-up such as stirrers, sterile filters, Sep-Paks™, vials, bottles, detectors etc.. Before every synthesis, the modules should be washed. It should also be mentioned that according to Half-life of radionuclides, a relaxation time is needed between the syntheses in each module. Fig.1 shows the schematic of a sample module. modules are often combined with a cyclotron or other radio nuclide generator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47013764 |
H1821+643 is a quasar in the constellation of Draco. It is situated in a massive, strong cooling flow cluster. Astronomers in 2014 identified as the most massive black hole with a precisely measured mass, at 30 billion solar masses. Several other black holes are possibly more massive, but they have less accurate mass estimates. The Schwarzschild diameter of this black hole is about , which is about 14.5 times the diameter of Pluto's orbit. The average density of the hole is 22 g/m³, less than air on Earth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47021524 |
Elwyn L. Simons Elwyn LaVerne Simons (July 14, 1930 – March 6, 2016) was an American paleontologist, paleozoologist, and a wildlife conservationist for primates. He was known as the father of modern primate paleontology for his discovery of some of humankind’s earliest antecedents. His paleontology field work included sites in Egypt, Madagascar, and the U.S. state of Wyoming. He authored more than 300 scholarly books and research articles, often acting as the sole author or coauthoring with his students and colleagues. During his career, he was an advisor to many doctoral students, including Philip D. Gingerich, D. Tab Rasmussen, Erik Seiffert, Richard Kay, David Pilbeam, Ian Tattersall, and Daniel Gebo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47061648 |
Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) or Human teratocarcinoma-derived virus (HDTV) is a family of human endogenous retroviruses associated with malignant tumors of the testes. (HERV-K) is related to mammary tumor virus in the mouses. It exists in the human and cercopithecoid genomes.HERV-K is also found in apes and Old World monkeys. It is uncertain how long ago in primate evolution the full-length HERV-K proviruses which are in the human genome today were created. The human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) was inherited million years ago by the genome of the human ancestors. In 1999 Barbulescu, "et al." showed that, of ten HERV-K proviruses cloned, eight were unique to humans, while one was shared with chimpanzees and bonobos, and one with chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas. Originally, HERV-K was observed by low-stringency hybridization with probes for the mammary tumor virus of the mouse and A particle intracutaneous mouse. In 2015 Grow "et al." demonstrated that HERV-K is transcribed during embryogenesis from the eight cell stage up to the stem cell derivation. Furthermore, overexpression of the HERV-K accessory protein Rec (regulator of expression encoded by corf; ) increases IFITM1 levels on the cell surface and inhibits viral infection. HERV-K is called, phylogenetically, a supergroup of viruses. It is the only group that reported to contain human-specific members of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47088768 |
Human endogenous retrovirus K HERV-K is receptive to microenvironmental modifications and melanoma cells are closely correlated with epigenetic and microenvironmental anomalies. Also the association of HERV-K activation with carcinogenesis is especially interesting. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47088768 |
Cerein Cereins are a group of bacteriocins produced by various strains of the bacterium "Bacillus cereus". Although all cereins are by definition produced by "B. cereus", it is possible that they are chemically quite different from one another. Cereins have been found to be active against other strains of "B. cereus", as well as a broad range of other gram-positive bacteria. Like other bacteriocins, cereins are generally named after the strain in which their production was first discovered. Named cereins include cerein 7, cerein 7B, cerein 8A, and cerein MRX1. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47090362 |
Wilhelm Phillip Daniel Schulz (6 March 1805 – 1 August 1877), also known as Guillermo Schulz, was a German mine engineer and geologist who spent most of his professional life in Spain. He was born in Dörnberg and died in Aranjuez. In 1826 Schulz went to Spain, and shortly was hired by the Spanish Government to enhance the mining industry in the country. In 1833 he was appointed Mining Inspector for Asturias and Galicia, and in 1844 General Mining Inspector for Asturias. It was in Asturias where, for many years, he carried out outstanding geological and industrial work which he made public in several books. In 1854 he moved to Madrid, where he taught in the Mining Engineering School and was vice-president of the Geological Institute. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47101859 |
Robert Clark (physicist) Robert (Bob) Clark is an Australian physicist. He was appointed Professor and Chair of Energy Strategy and Policy at University of New South Wales (UNSW) in 2012. Prior to this he was Chief Defence Scientist from 2008 to 2011 and Professor of Experimental Physics at University of New South Wales, where he established the National Magnet Laboratory and Semiconductor Nanofabrication Facility. Clark joined the Royal Australian Navy as a Cadet Midshipman in 1969. He graduated from the RAN college with a Bachelor of Science from the University of New South Wales, then served on eight ships before leaving the navy in 1979. He holds an MA from Oxford and a PhD from the University of New South Wales. He took several positions at UNSW, culminating in Director of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computer Technology, before taking on the role of Chief Defence Scientist. Clark was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia on Australia Day 2013 "for distinguished service to science and technology through leadership and governance of the scientific community of the Australian Defence Force and through contributions to quantum computing and nanotechnology". and was awarded the Centenary Medal on 1 January 2001 "for contribution to world leading research in the field of quantum computing and physics". He is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (2001), a Distinguished Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales (2009), and has received numerous other acknowledgements and awards. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47119138 |
Joan Ruderman Joan V. Ruderman (born 1947/48) is an American molecular and cell biologist. She is a Professor Emeritus at Harvard University and Visiting Senior Biologist at Princeton University. She has researched cell division and embryo development, and more recently the effects of, and the public understanding of, environmental estrogens and other endocrine disruptors. She was elected as a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1998. She received her BA from Barnard College in 1969 and her Ph.D. from MIT in 1974. She was on the faculty of Duke University, and joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School in 1976. At Harvard, she was the Marion V. Nelson Professor of Cell Biology. She first attended the Marine Biological Laboratory in 1974, for a summer course on embryology. With Ann Stuart she founded the Periwinkle Club, a summer day camp for young children of MBL scientists. She was on the Board of Trustees of the MBL from 1986 to 2012, and she was on the Executive Committee and Speaker of the MBL Corporation from 2008 to 2012. She succeeded Gary Borisy as President and Director of the MBL as the first women to hold the post, serving from November 2012 until November 2014, when she was succeeded by Arthur Sussman as interim president and then Huntington Willard. While she was President, the MBL joined the University of Chicago in July 2013 and became more financially stable. She was also a member of the Radcliffe Institute of Advanced Study from 2010-11 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47131033 |
Joan Ruderman She joined Princeton Environmental Institute in February 2015. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991. She is married to Gerald Ruderman, an engineer. Their daughter Zoe (born 1983/4) is a journalist in New York City. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47131033 |
Dmytro Zajciw (17 February 1897 – December 1976) (Ukr. Дмитро Зайців) was a Ukrainian and Brazilian entomologist, notable for his collection and for his many beetle discoveries. He was born in Velyka Mykhailivka, Ukraine and died in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. He was the author of "Two new genera and species of neotropical Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)", 1957, "Contribution to the study of Longhorn beetles of Rio de Janeiro (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)", 1958, and was the first to describe the genera "Adesmoides" and "Pseudogrammopsis", as well as the species "Beraba angusticollis" and "Mionochroma subaurosum", among many others. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47148701 |
Mining and Chemical Combine The was established in 1950 to produce plutonium for weapons. It is in the closed city Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai. The company is currently part of the Rosatom group. The complex has an interim storage facility. There is also a 60 t/year commercial mixed oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication facility (MFFF). The place employs 7000 people. The MOX production line completed a 10 kg batch in September 2014. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47153689 |
Coihaique Group The is a group of geological formations in northwestern Patagonia. From top to bottom the formations that make the group are Apeleg, Katterfeld and Toqui. The contact between the formations of the group are diachronous with Katterfeld Formation interfingering with the formations on top and below it. The lower and upper boundaries of the group are unconformities formed by erosion. The older parts of represent a marine transgression while the younger parts evidences a return to non-marine conditions. The rock formation preserves fossils from the Late Jurassic period of the Mesozoic Era. Fossils of "Chilesaurus" (147 Ma) were found in the Aysén Region of Patagonia. It is an extinct genus of theropods in the family Tetanurae. The fossil record also comprises a sauropod Titanosaur, a Camarasaur and a Diplodocid. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47197139 |
Dose-fractionation theorem The dose-fractionation theorem is a statement that says the total dose required to achieve statistical significance for each voxel of a computed 3D reconstruction is the same as that required to obtain a single 2D image of that isolated voxel at the same level of statistical significance. Hegerl and Hoppe have pointed out that a statistically significant 3D image can be computed from statistically insignificant projections, as long as the total dose that is distributed among these projections is high enough that it would have resulted in a statistically significant projection, if applied to only one image. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47197348 |
Crowther criterion The conventional method to evaluate the resolution of a tomography reconstruction is determined by the Crowther criterion. The minimum number of views, "m", to reconstruct a particle of diameter "D" to a resolution of "d" (=1/"R") is given by | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47198640 |
Detunatele is a site of columnar jointing in Transylvania, Alba County, Romania. "Detunatele" means lightning strike. The columns are hexagonal shaped basalt and 1,258 meters tall on two peaks: Detunata Goala and Detunata Flocoasa (Barren Detunata and Shaggy Detunata). They are located in the Metaliferi Mountains and are a tourist attraction. They are 1.5 km apart. They formations are shaped like humps and there are stories and legends associated with them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47231050 |
Metaliferi Mountains (, ), meaning Ore Mountains, are in the Carpathian Mountain Range and are a division of the Apuseni Mountains. Poieniţa Peak is located among the Metaliferi. The range also includes the "Detunatele", a pair of basalt peaks with columnar jointing. The Roșia Poieni copper mine and several communities are in the area. There are also several lakes (List of lakes of Romania). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47231204 |
Planation surface In geology and geomorphology a planation surface is a large-scale surface that is almost flat with the possible exception of some residuals hills. The processes that form planation surfaces are labelled collectively planation and are exogenic (chiefly erosion). Planation surfaces are planated regardless of bedrock structures. On Earth they constitute some of the most common landscapes. Peneplains and pediplains are types of planation surfaces planated respectively by "peneplanation" and "pediplanation". In addition to these there are planation surfaces proposed to be formed by cryoplanation, marine processes, areal glacial erosion and salt weathering. The term "planation surface" is often preferred over others because some more specific planation surface types and processes remain controversial. Etchplains are weathered planation surfaces. Large planation surfaces, like the African Surface, are typically formed diachronously. Planation surfaces are often thought to form at distinct base levels with sequences of them representing uplift events. However the disposition of some so-called planation surfaces may better reflect the easiness of erosion into different lithologies or structures and may therefore not fit any uplift scheme. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47246847 |
Mordor Macula is the informal name for a large red area about in diameter near the north pole of Charon, Pluto's largest moon. It is named after the black land called Mordor in J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy. The origin of is not completely understood. It may be a deposit of frozen gases captured from Pluto's escaping atmosphere, a large impact basin, or both. A leading theory is that nitrogen and methane escape from Pluto and are then deposited into the cold poles of Charon, where scattered ultraviolet light then transforms the molicules into tholins. This theory implies that a similar red spot should exist on Charon's south pole as welland indirect evidence suggests this is true. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47249873 |
NGC 4451 is a spiral galaxy, located in the Virgo constellation. It was discovered at the Copenhagen Observatory on March 19, 1865 by Heinrich d'Arrest, who used an 11" refractor telescope. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47269272 |
Ucayali Peneplain The is a large near-flat erosion surface, a peneplain, located in the Amazon basin. The is largely buried by sediments forming an unconformity. Its origin has been dated to the Miocene epoch. The Peneplain was first described in 1948 in the Contamana region of Peru. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47270456 |
New England Enzyme Center The (NEEC) was created at the Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts in 1964 as a federally supported biochemical resource center. According to Doogab Yi, by the late 1970s NEEC had been transformed into "several commercial biotech companies." Roscoe O. Brady and his colleagues at National Institutes of Health (NIH) were almost ready for a clinical trial for an enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher's disease that they had been working on for over a decade. They could not purify the enzyme in large enough quantities. Blair had started his career in the biotechnology industry working as a technician at Tufts medical school. In 1978 Henry E. Blair, from the NEEC and a team of researchers including Peter G. Pentchev, Roscoe O. Brady, Daniel E. Britton and Susan H. Sorrell from the National Institutes of Health co-authored a paper in the PNAS isolating and comparing enzymes in search of a treatment for Gaucher disease. In 1981 venture capitalist Sheridan Snyder, Henry Blair and George M. Whitesides created the start-up Genzyme and continued to produce the enzymes for the NIH. Genzyme's first office was an old clothing warehouse adjacent to Tufts Medical School. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47272134 |
NGC 4534 is a spiral galaxy, located in the Canes Venatici constellation. It was discovered on May 1, 1785 by William Herschel, using an 18" reflector telescope. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47277905 |
Arthur Vogel (chemist) Arthur Israel Vogel (22 December 1905 – 1966) was a British chemist known for his textbooks. Vogel was born and educated in London. He served as the head of the chemistry department at Woolwich Polytechnic. Vogel's textbooks included: These works were revised and translated in numerous editions and so became classics in the field. After Vogel died, further revisions were made by new authors. For example, the "Textbook of Qualitative Chemical Analysis" continued as the "Textbook of macro and semimicro qualitative inorganic analysis" with a new edition by G. Svehla in 1979. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47279514 |
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