text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
Brain–brain interface A brain–brain interface is a direct communication pathway between the brain of one animal and the brain of another animal. Brain to brain interfaces have been used to help rats collaborate with each other. When a second rat was unable to choose the correct lever, the first rat noticed (not getting a second reward), and produced a round of task-related neuron firing that made the second rat more likely to choose the correct lever. In 2013, Rajesh Rao was able to use electrical brain recordings and a form of magnetic stimulation to send a brain signal to Andrea Stocco on the other side of the University of Washington campus. In 2015, researchers linked up multiple brains, of both monkeys and rats, to form an “organic computer. It is hypothesized that by using brain-to-brain interfaces (BTBIs) a biological computer, or brain-net, could be constructed using animal brains as its computational units. Initial exploratory work demonstrated collaboration between rats in distant cages linked by signals from cortical microelectrode arrays implanted in their brains. The rats were rewarded when actions were performed by the "decoding rat" which conformed to incoming signals and when signals were transmitted by the "encoding rat" which resulted in the desired action. In the initial experiment the rewarded action was pushing a lever in the remote location corresponding to the position of a lever near a lighted LED at the home location. About a month was required for the rats to acclimate themselves to incoming "brainwaves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47285767 |
Brain–brain interface " Lastly, it is important to stress that the topology of BTBI does not need to be restricted to one encoder and one decoder subjects. Instead, we have already proposed that, in theory, channel accuracy can be increased if instead of a dyad a whole grid of multiple reciprocally interconnected brains are employed. Such a computing structure could define the first example of an organic computer capable of solving heuristic problems that would be deemed non-computable by a general Turing-machine. Future works will elucidate in detail the characteristics of this multi-brain system, its computational capabilities, and how it compares to other non-Turing computational architectures Miguel Nicolelis of Duke University, one of the investigators who did the experiment with rats, has done previous work using a brain–computer interface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47285767 |
National Museum of Natural History, Colombo The National Museum of Natural History is a museum that covers the natural heritage of Sri Lanka. The museum is located closer to the National Museum of Colombo. It was established on September 23, 1986 and became only one museum in Sri Lanka that represents natural history and natural heritage. The National Museum of Natural History exhibits rare and threatened with extinction such as natural heritage of plant and animal species endemic to Sri Lanka, over 5,000 specimens of mammals, jurassic period indigenous fossils and various kinds of geological rocks. The museum opens from 8.30 AM to 5.00 PM and closes on public holidays. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47290570 |
Haulani (crater) Haulani is an impact crater located on Ceres that contains "Spot 1", one of the bright spots observed by the Dawn spacecraft. The crater was named after Haulani, the Hawaiian goddess of plants. In July 2018, NASA released a comparison of physical features, including Haulani crater, found on Ceres with similar ones present on Earth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47294662 |
Mixed oxidant solution is a kind of disinfectant which is used for disinfecting, sterilization and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in water and in many other applications. Using a mixed oxidant solution for water disinfection (see portable water purification), compared to other methods, such as sodium hypochlorite, Calcium hypochlorite, chlorine gas and ozonation may have various benefits such as higher disinfecting power, stable residual chlorine in water, improved taste and odor, elimination of biofilm and safety. Mixed-oxidant solution is produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride brine (sodium chloride) and is a mixture of disinfecting compounds. The main component of this product is chlorine and its derivatives (ClO, HClO and Cl solution). It may also contain high amounts of chlorine dioxide (ClO) solution, dissolved ozone, hydrogen peroxide(HO) and oxygen. This is the reason for calling this solution mixed oxidant. solution is produced by electrolysis on-site. The concentration of disinfectant output is proportional to the concentration of salt in the input, voltage, temperature, current and electrolysis time. A mixed-oxidant solution production system contains corrosion-resistant electrodes or dimensionally-stable anodes (DSA) and is made so that different voltages for electrolysis are applied simultaneously to different parts. In this way, different reactions occur at the anode and cathode poles, and therefore, various oxidizing substances are produced | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
Mixed oxidant In this process, the chloride ions at the anode are converted to chlorine gas. After reducing the concentration of chloride ions, in the presence of ClO and Cl (aq) compounds in the solution and applying the required condition, ClO is produced and the final solution is stored. For generating ozone, first the conditions for water electrolysis reactions must be provided. In this case, the following half reactions take place, and hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode. By increasing the voltage, the anode half reaction is changed and ozone is produced. These phenomena can be effected from other principles and applied conditions in electrolysis. In this process and during the production of ozone, a penetrating smell of ozone in the region of the reactor outlet is clear. By continuing this process and maintaining stable conditions, production of ozone can be continued up to the maximum dissolution of ozone in water. The solubility of ozone in 20˚C water is 570 mg per liter and 1050 mg per liter in water at zero degree Celsius. In the next stage, with little change in reaction conditions and the voltage and potential level, hydrogen peroxide is produced. For producing ozone and hydrogen peroxide, there are different half reactions with different levels of reduction potential and in practice each of them may occur | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
Mixed oxidant Imposing various conditions, including changes in voltage, current, concentration, pH, temperature, flow and pressure will relatively change the standard reduction potential and as a result, the tendency of reactions of various substances. However, the extent of the electrodes in the reactor, creating multiple layers of electrolyte and unequal conditions on the electrodes surfaces, will cause major changes in the standard modes of the half reactions. The basis of the mixed-oxidants production cell is electrolysis of a water solution of sodium chloride. In the process anions and cations move toward the anode and cathode respectively and related reactions are carried out. For producing a Mixed oxidants solution, different types of electrolysis cell such as a membrane cell and a membraneless cell (unipolar and bipolar) are used. The following description is given for each of these cells. This cell consists of anode and cathode electrodes with an ion exchange membrane between them. This membrane lets cations pass through it and leads them to the cathode. This cell has two inputs and two outputs for water. One pair of them is located at the cathode side and the other pair is located at the anode side. There are membrane cells with different membrane models. In some of them an ion exchange membrane is used which is able to move the cations and anions from one side to the other side. In this type of cell brine solution enters from one side and water from the other side | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
Mixed oxidant The half reaction in the cathode chamber is as follows: At the anode side, part of the chloride ions are oxidized and dissolved in the passing water in the forms of Cl, HOCl and small amounts of ClO. Also, due to the electrolysis of water, small amounts of O and O are produced at the anode side. The main half reaction at the anode side is: Chlorine and its compounds have been dissolved in the water passing through the anode chamber and by injecting the required amount of this solution into water, it can be disinfected. The output solution of the anode chamber in the membrane reactors is acidic and its pH is about 2-3. For this type of electrolysis cell, fixed titanium electrodes can be used to ensure no corrosion at the anode side. In order to increase the efficiency and enhance capacity, several membrane cells can be used in parallel. The structure of the cell without a membrane is similar to a membrane cell, except that it has one brine solution input and one output for the products. In this case, the anode and cathode products are mixed and go to the cell output. Since the pH of the produced solution is about 8 to 9, using this solution for disinfection may increase the pH; that can be reduced by adding acid. This type of cell can be unipolar or bipolar. The structure of the Cell is described below. Electrolysis cells with more than one anode and cathode pair have two types of arrangement, including both unipolar and bipolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
Mixed oxidant "Unipolar arrangement": in this case the cells are arranged in parallel and therefore have the same potential difference between the anode-cathode pair. The total current flow is equal to the sum of each pair current and the voltage is equal to one pair's voltage. In this case the whole system voltage is low and its current is high. "Bipolar arrangement": In this case, the cells are connected in series. In industry, bipolar ordering is done in various ways. In one case central electrodes on one side act as the anode and on the other side act as the cathode. In other cases, part of the electrode plate on both sides is the anode and the other part is the cathode. Application of mixed-oxidant solution for disinfecting water has several advantages compared to other methods, such as sodium hypochlorite and Calcium hypochlorite. Disinfecting effect of is higher than other methods such as chlorination and in comparison to other methods such as ozonation and using ultraviolet ray, contains residual chlorine in the water. Moreover, it is much safer and cause fewer risks. A summary of the comparison between the disinfection methods is provided in the table below. Also In the next table effectiveness of mixed oxidant and bleach in terms of deactivating bacteria and viruses has been compared. In almost all cases mixed oxidant is a more effective solution. A mixed oxidant production cell generally works either with or without a membrane. Each of these structures has advantages and disadvantages that should be considered | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
Mixed oxidant The membraneless cell output contains hydroxide ions which increase the pH, therefore it affects the composition of the output products. To keep the pH in the neutral range, the required amount of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid must be added to the disinfected water. In this kind of cell, the main product is sodium hypochlorite. One the other hand in cells with membrane, the anode output (anolyte) is acidic and the cathode output (catholyte) is basic. The anolyte (acidic solution) contains more than four kinds of oxidants, that can make disinfecting more effective. However, in some cases alkaline solution can be added to neutralize the disinfected water. The output components of this two different cells is different which are compared in table below. In PH higher than 5 most of the hypochlorous acid turn into hypochlorite ion which is a weaker oxidant compared to hypochlorous acid. Moreover, in a membrane cell other powerful oxidants such as ozone, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide can be produced which are very effective for killing bacteria and omitting biofilms in water distribution system and containers. Today, membrane cell systems are one of the most promising and fast-developing techniques for producing Chlor-alkali (see chloralkali process) and it will undoubtedly replace other techniques. This can be deduced from the fact that since 1987 practically all new Chlor-alkali plants worldwide, apply the membrane system | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
Mixed oxidant However, due to the long lifetime and high replacement costs, replacing the existing mercury and diaphragm cells, with membrane cells is taking place at a very slow rate. Right now in most developed countries by understanding the advantages of membrane systems, manufacturing technology have changed in this direction. MIOX is one of these companies which has been developed this technology in more than 40 countries and has widely taken advantages of it. Mixed Oxidant Solution for water treatment may improve safety, lower general corrosion rates, increase performance, and save money. solution may be more effective than bleach and can be used for a variety of applications. Some of these applications are cited below. "Cooling water treatment": Mixed Oxidant Solution for industrial cooling water treatment and disinfection improves safety and thermal efficiency, lowers general corrosion rates, increases performance, and saves money. Resulting in a reduction of downtime, maintenance, and expense. Additionally improve workplace safety by eliminating the handling and storage of hazardous chemicals while maintaining steady microbiological control. "Industrial process water and wastewater treatment": Mixed Oxidant is the lowest cost supplier of chlorine for disinfection and oxidation of process water and wastewater prior to discharge. Mixed Oxidant Solution chemistry is more effective at biofilm control, Biochemical and Chemical oxygen demand removal, breakpoint chlorination of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide removal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
Mixed oxidant "Cooling tower water treatment": Mixed Oxidant delivers smarter cooling tower water treatment solutions to improve cooling tower efficiency and safety, all at a lower cost than conventional biocide treatment methods For legionella prevention, biofilm removal, and inactivation of other performance-inhibiting waterborne organisms. "Aquatics": Mixed Oxidant Solution for swimming pool water disinfection improves safety, increases performance, reduces maintenance time, and lowers operating costs. With minimal maintenance. It eliminates the harsh qualities of traditional chlorine treatment to create a noticeably improved swimming experience. "Drinking water & beverage facilities": Multi Oxidant is a proven disinfectant for improving the quality and safety of drinking water with significant economic savings. For providing clean, safe drinking water ranges from rural communities to large cities. Also providing clean, safe water at food and beverage facilities. It's Ideally suited for carbonated soft drinks bottling, Brewing, Dairy Farms and Dairy and Food Processing applications. "Municipal wastewater": As one of the world's most precious natural resources, the reuse of water is becoming increasingly important. Mixed Oxidant is both the most cost-effective solution and the preferred technology for disinfection and oxidation of wastewater for reuse or reintroduction into the environment eliminating many of the negative problems associated with traditional chlorine disinfection | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
Mixed oxidant "Farm applications": such as Livestock Watering, Drinking Water Disinfection, Dairy, Milking Operations, Pre- and Post-Teat Dip, CIP Sanitizer, Poultry Cooling & Humidification Pad Treatment, Irrigation & Drip Line Cleaning, Iron and Manganese Removal from Water Supply. "Oil & Gas water management": Enhanced Oil Recovery almost always involves some kind of water treatment processes. The water treatment technology in the oil and gas industry include disinfection treatment for produced water, frac water, disposal well sites, enhanced oil recovery, and hydrogen sulfide removal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47305230 |
João J. R. Fraústo da Silva (Tomar, August 30, 1933) is a Portuguese chemist. Fraústo da Silva received his degree in industrial chemical engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico in 1958 and his Ph.D. degree in chemistry from the University of Oxford in 1962. He hold several positions throughout his career, which features: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47338942 |
Leadhills Supergroup The Leadhills Supergroup, formerly the Leadhills Group is a geological formation in Scotland. The Supergroup is named after the village of Leadhills. Paeloeflow direction obtained from the horizons of the Corsewell Pont Conglomerate and the Glenn App Conglomerate indicates derivation from the north-west, presumed to be the Midland Valley arc. Dates of detrital muscovite and garnet are "c." 480-460 Ma, indicating an origin from metamorphic activity during the exhumation of the Dalradian Supergroup after the Grampian Orogeny Greywackes, shales, siltstones and mudstones with conglomerates. Abereiddian Age to Ashgill Epoch The south-eastern boundary is the Orlock Bridge Fault. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47345849 |
Andromeda XVIII Andromeda XVIII, discovered in 2008, is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy (has no rings, low luminosity, much dark matter, little gas or dust), which is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). It is one of the 14 known dwarf galaxies orbiting M31. It was announced in 2010 that the orbiting galaxies lie close to a plane running through M31's center. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47350206 |
Anisur Khuda-Bukhsh Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh (born 26 September 1948) is a professor of zoology at the University of Kalyani in West Bengal, India, and a homeopathy researcher. In 2003, he published a study which claimed that homeopathic Arsenicum album reduced arsenic-caused liver toxicity in mice. He has also done research on treating arsenic-induced diabetes in mice using a product consisting of insulin wrapped in a coat of nanoparticles; Khuda-Bukhsh and his collaborators describe this product as "nano-insulin".. Nature Asia describes an article published in peer review journal of Integrative Medicine about the action of homeopathic in gene expression. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47358612 |
M59-UCD3 is an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy located near the Messier 59 galaxy. , it is the second-densest galaxy currently observed, second to M85-HCC1. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47359227 |
Dario S. Zamboni Dario Simões Zamboni (born 29 December 1975 in Jaboticabal) is a Brazilian biologist whose research concerns microbial pathogenesis, innate immunity, and infectious diseases. Currently, he is a professor at the University of São Paulo. He is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47365448 |
M85-HCC1 is an ultracompact dwarf galaxy with a star density 1,000,000 times that of the solar neighbourhood, lying near the galaxy Messier 85. , it is the densest galaxy known. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47372902 |
Kubrick Mons is the name given to the largest of a series of mountain peaks on Pluto's moon Charon that rise out of depressions in the Vulcan Planum region. The feature was first recorded by the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) aboard the "New Horizons" spacecraft during a flyby on July 15, 2017. has a diameter of and is in height. The feature is surrounded by a moat which has a depth of below the surrounding area. It is not currently known how formed; however, there is speculation that may be a cryovolcano and the depression may be the result of a shrinking chamber of water and ammonia. this hypothesis remains to be confirmed. The mountain was named after film director Stanley Kubrick. Official approval of the name was announced by the International Astronomical Union on 11 April 2018. It is sometimes called Charon's or more simply . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47387423 |
Juan Carlos Castilla Zenobi (Chile 1940) is a marine biologist. He received his PhD from the University of Wales. Since 1965, he has been a faculty member at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. In 1985, he published a paper on a study which focused on a part of the Chilean coastline from which humans had been excluded. He is a recipient of the 1996 TWAS Prize. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47401906 |
Nostromo Chasma is the unofficial name for a rift valley on Pluto's moon Charon. It was named after the fictional spacecraft in the science-fiction/horror film "Alien", which in turn was named after the novel by Joseph Conrad. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47422224 |
Ripley (crater) Ripley is the unofficial name given to an impact crater on Pluto's moon Charon. It is named after the heroine Ellen Ripley in the science-fiction/horror film "Alien". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47422257 |
Croatian Natural History Museum The () is the oldest and biggest natural history museum and the main body for natural history research, preservation and collection in Croatia. Located on Dimitrije Demeter Street in Gornji Grad, one of the oldest neighbourhoods of the Croatian capital Zagreb, it owns one of the biggest museum collections in Croatia, with over 2 million artefacts, including over 1.1 million animal specimens. It was founded in 1846 as the "National Museum". The National Museum was later split up into five museums, three of which were in 1986 merged as departments of the newly named Croatian Natural History Museum. The museum contains a large scientific library open to the public, and publishes the first Croatian natural history scientific journal, "Natura Croatica". The permanent display of the consists of mineralogical, petrographical and zoological collections, as well as two permanent exhibits in the atrium: the Rock Map of Croatia and the Geological Pole. It is home to the remains of the Neanderthal from Krapina. The history of the begins with the founding of the so-called "National Museum" () on 10 September 1846, the first museum for historic and pre-historic objects related to Croatia. In 1867, it was moved to its current address. The National Museum grew and was split into five new museums by the end of the 19th century. Three of them covered natural history: the Croatian National Zoological Museum (), the Geological–Palaeontological Museum () and the Mineralogical–Petrographic Museum () | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47442017 |
Croatian Natural History Museum All three were housed in the same building on Demeter Street 1, and, in 1986, united into the Croatian Natural History Museum. The museum's current building was earlier home to Amadeo's theatre, the first theatre in Zagreb. Formed in 1797 by Antal Amade de Varkony, the prefect of Zagreb County, it operated until 1834. In 2000, Amadeo's theatre was revived as a yearly summer series of theatrical plays entitled "Scena Amadeo" ("Amadeo Scene") held in the museum atrium. The museum building was severely damaged in the 2020 Zagreb earthquake and has been provisionally declared unfit for use. Many exhibits have been damaged or destroyed. The museum is home to a large scientific library open to the public. Its oldest books were printed in 17th-century Italy, and includes works by Ulisse Aldrovandi, Niccolò Gualtieri and Carl Linné. The library was founded in 1868 by a newly appointed museum director, Spiridon Brusina. Starting from a meager corpus acquired from the National Library, including only three books on zoology, Brusina traveled throughout then-Austria-Hungary in order to acquire books. In 1875, the museum acquired the large library and natural history collection of Francesco Lanza, a physician and archaeologist from Split, Croatia. Brusina retired in 1901, reporting a collection 1,800 works in 3,948 volumes three years earlier. In 1928, it was recorded that the library held 5,838 books in 9,901 volumes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47442017 |
Croatian Natural History Museum As the library was not professionally maintained during the Croatian War of Independence or inventoried since, it is not known how many titles it holds. A 1999 estimate is 30,000 volumes and 13,100 monographs. In 1885, Brusina led a successful initiative to publish "The Journal of the Croatian Natural History Society" (). The journal is published since 1972 under the title "Periodicum biologorum", and focuses on biology and biomedicine, forestry and biotechnology. In 1992, the museum began publishing "Natura Croatica", a peer-reviewed biological and geological academic journal. The natural history journal was the first of its kind in Croatia, despite the existence of seven natural history museums. The journal is published quarterly in English, and reviewed by both Croatian and foreign scholars. The museum is divided into Mineralogical–Petrographical, Geological–Palaeontological, Zoological and Botanical Departments. The first three are successors to the National Museum's 19th-century offspring museums, while the Botanical Department was established in 1990. The museum's holdings number over 2 million rocks, minerals, fossils, and other artefacts collected all over the country. The zoological collection consists of 1,135,000 animal specimens, including a tissue bank for DNA analysis. It also holds the remains of the Neanderthal man found near Krapina by Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, a former director of the National Museum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47442017 |
Croatian Natural History Museum The original remains are held in the museum's vault, while a replica is being exhibited in the Krapina museum. The museum's permanent display encompasses mineralogical and petrographical collections, as well as a collection of animals, the bulk of which dates back to the 19th century. The zoological collection is on the second floor of the museum. It includes the skeleton of a Mediterranean monk seal, a basking shark native to the Adriatic Sea and an Atlantic puffin, a bird today native to the Arctic area, which is believed to have nested in the Adriatic in the 19th century. The mineralogical and petrographical collections are divided into three exhibitions. "From a Collection to a Museum" () showcases the work of Croatian mineralogists and petrographers through history, including a geological map of Moslavačka gora in central Croatia by Ljudevit Vukotinović, as well as the work of Đuro Pilar, one of the first Croatian academic geologists. "The Empire of Minerals" () displays a collection of minerals assembled by location of discovery, including collections of agate from Lepoglava and opal, gemstones rare in Croatia. "Rocky Planet Earth" () is organized by rock types, and also contains meteorites, lava from Vesuvius and speleothems. In 2014, the exhibitions were made accessible to blind people. The atrium of the museum contains two exhibits: the Rock Map of Croatia ("Kamenospisna karta Hrvatske") and the Geological Pole ("Geološki stup") | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47442017 |
Croatian Natural History Museum The Rock Map of Croatia is a mosaic map assembled from various pieces of rock found in Croatia into the country's shape. Exhibitions at the have included "Dormice: in Biology and the Kitchen" and "Lion's Pit", exhibiting the remains of a cave lion ("Panthera leo spelaea"), found deep in Vrtare Male, a pit cave near Dramalj, Croatia. With a body length of , the lion was at the time of discovery claimed to be one of the biggest found in the world thus far. Another notable exhibition displayed the reconstruction of a "Megalodon", an extinct giant shark found in the plains of northern Croatia, where the Paratethys ocean once stood. The museum held the first moss animal exhibition in the world in 2006, entitled "Neptune's Lace". In 2009, visitors had the opportunity to view crocodile fossils from the island Pag, while eighty live snakes owned by the Slovenian breeder Aleš Mlinar were exhibited in 2013. The museum takes part in the Croatian Museum Night ("Noć muzeja"), an annual event whereby the public is allowed free entrance to many museums in Croatia during one night in the year. In the 2014 event, the museum was visited by more than 11,000 people. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47442017 |
Vulcan Planum is the unofficial name given to a large plain on the surface of Pluto's moon Charon, discovered by "New Horizons" during its flyby of Pluto in July 2015. It is named after the fictional planet Vulcan in the science-fiction series "Star Trek". The name is not approved by International Astronomical Union, . is in the southern hemisphere of Charon. Its extents are not completely known, but it occupies at least . is separated from Oz Terra by a series of scarps that are several kilometers high. It has a mostly smooth surface with no large craters, and its elevation is about 1 km lower than Oz Terra's. This suggests that is younger than Oz, and formed as a result of a large cryoflow, which has solidified. The more significant craters have been named after characters from "Star Trek", while two mountains have been named after science-fiction authors and directors. The features included this table lie within Vulcan Planum. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47446114 |
Saragossa Terra is the name given to the southern part of the highly reflective half of Saturn's moon Iapetus. It is bordered on the north by Roncevaux Terra, and on both the east and west sides by Cassini Regio. The largest named crater in is the 504-km-diameter Engelier. It partially obscures the slightly smaller crater Gerin. Both craters are named for paladins mentioned in The Song of Roland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47457979 |
Asteria Regio is a region on the planet Venus. It is bordered on the southeast by Phoebe Regio. It is located in the Hecate Chasma (v28) quadrangle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47459255 |
Jack Piddington John Hobart "Jack" Piddington (6 November 1910 – 16 July 1997) was an Australian research physicist and radio scientist. He was Chief Research Scientist at the National Measurement Laboratory in Sydney, Australia from 1966 to 1975. Piddington was born at Wagga Wagga in 1910. William Henry Piddington and Albert Piddington were elder brothers of his grandfather Frederick Hobart Piddington, and Ralph Piddington was a son of Albert Piddington. He received his tertiary education at the University of Sydney, from where he graduated with a B.Sc. in 1932, B.E. in 1934, and M.Sc. in 1936. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1938 from the University of Cambridge. He was awarded the David Syme Research Prize in 1958. He was awarded the T. K. Sidey Medal in 1959, an award set up by the Royal Society of New Zealand for outstanding scientific research. He was elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1963. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47459704 |
Marek Sikora (astronomer) Marek Sikora is a Polish astronomer. Habilitation of astrophysics received in 1990 from University of Warsaw. Received the title of professor in 1999. He currently works as a professor in the Centrum Astronomiczne im. Mikołaja Kopernika PAN, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. He is interested mainly high energy astrophysics, Astrophysical jet, the nuclei of active galaxies, and sources of cosmic radiation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47479125 |
Arvid Högbom Arvid Gustaf Högbom was Swedish geologist active at Uppsala University. He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Royal Physiographic Society in Lund. He coined the term Subjotnian in 1910. Högbomite (later renamed to magnesiohögbomite-2N2S), högbomite group, högbomite supergroup was named in his honour. Högbom was the first to identify the Sub-Cambrian peneplain in a 1910 publication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47513584 |
Cirque stairway A cirque stairway or sequence of cirque steps is a stepped succession of glacially eroded rock basins. Their individual formation is that of a cirque. These steps are arranged one above and behind the other at different heights in the terrain and caused by the same geomorphodynamic processes, albeit resulting in different landform shapes depending on the type of rock and the depositional circumstances involved. The lower step often lacks the steep headwalls typical of cirques. A well-known example is the Zastler Loch below the summit of the Feldberg, the highest mountain of the Black Forest in Germany. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47523070 |
Hastatic order is a fundamental way of breaking double "time-reversal" symmetry. It is present in the heavy-fermion compound URuSi. This order was dubbed "hastatic" from "hasta", the Latin word for "spear". Its cycle is twice as complex as magnetism. was first reported in January 2013 when the heavy-fermion uranium compound URuSi was cooled to nearly . It was said to produce extra heat and the heat was the main mystery. After the extra heat was released, particles were arranged at this way, making the hastatic order present on that reaction. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47524120 |
Agassiz (crater) Agassiz is an impact crater on Mars, named in honor of geologist Louis Agassiz (1807–1873). The name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). The crater is in diameter and is located at 69.9°S 88.9°W. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47560448 |
Gregory Fu Gregory (Greg) C. Fu is a professor of organic chemistry at the California Institute of Technology. The current research interests of the Fu laboratory include metal-catalyzed coupling reactions and the design of chiral catalysts. In particular, the group is focused on the development of nickel-catalyzed enantioselective cross-couplings of alkyl electrophiles and on photoinduced, copper-catalyzed carbon–heteroatom bond-forming reactions. The group works in collaboration with the laboratory of Professor Jonas Peters. In 2014, he was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was awarded an Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award in 1998-1999. He was awarded the Elias J. Corey Award from the American Chemical Society in 2004. received his BS from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985, where he worked in the laboratory of Professor Karl Barry Sharpless, then completed his PhD at Harvard University in 1991 under Professor David A. Evans. He worked as a postdoctoral fellow with Professor Robert H. Grubbs at the California Institute of Technology from 1991 to 1993, before accepting an assistant professor position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked from 1993 to 2012. In 2012, he was appointed the Altair Professor of Chemistry at Caltech. Professor Fu is currently the Norman Chandler Professor of Chemistry at Caltech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47571430 |
John H. Long (chemist) John H. Long was the president of the American Chemical Society in 1903. He was born in 1856, and died in 1918. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47572011 |
Römpp Encyclopedia Natural Products The is an encyclopedia of natural products written by German chemists who specialize in this area of science. It is published by Thieme Medical Publishers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47572400 |
Hogland Series The are a series of Subjotnian sedimentary rocks exposed in the island of Gogland (), the Sommer Islands and the nearby sea bottom in the Gulf of Finland. The series encompass quartz-rich conglomerates and breccias plus some volcanic rocks of mafic composition in the form of lava flows and some more silica-rich igneous rocks including quartz-porphyry. The porphyries, which lie at the top the pile, share their origin with the rapakivi granites found nearby. An exhumed Subjotnian erosion surface is exposed on the island. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47573299 |
Nikolai A. Golovkinsky (29 April 1834 – 1897) was a Russian geologist who studied among other things the Paleozoic sediments of Tatarstan. He was professor at the Kazan School of Geology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47576578 |
White Sea Rift System The is a complex of rifts manifested as numerous individual grabens located chiefly in the White Sea but including onshore areas and a strip of the Barents Sea. The rifts run in a subparallel manner from northwest to southeast where the rift system continues under the East European Platform. The system or complex originated due to extensional tectonics acting during the Middle to Late Riphean in the Proterozoic. This tectonic environment is believed to have been related to the break-up of the ancient supercontinent Palaeopangea. During the Riphean the graben structures were filled by Jotnian sediments. During the Middle Paleozoic the rift system was reactivated resulting in intrusion of alkaline magmas. In the Late Cenozoic the rift system was reactivated again resulting in the formation of the modern White Sea. The includes the following rifts: Many of the grabens are filled with Jotnian sediments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47584929 |
Álvaro Mones Álvaro Jaime Mones Sibillotte (born 7 August 1942 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan biologist and paleontologist. The fossil "Josephoartigasia monesi" is named after him, for his study of the rodent in 1966. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47596640 |
André Maurício Conceição de Souza Aracaju Sergipe, Is a Brazilian experimental and theoretical physicist with interests in particle physics and general relativity, and a Professor of physics at the Federal University of Sergipe. He is currently Rector of the Federal University of Sergipe Brazil. Professor André Maurício Conceição de Souza's degree in Bachelor and Bachelor of Physics from the Federal University of Sergipe;Masters and Ph.D e by the Brazilian Center for Physics Research in Rio de Janeiro; Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Stuttgart in Germany. Fellow researcher Productivity 1D of CNPq; Associated former researcher at the International Theoretical Physics Institute based in Italy and member of the National Institute of Complex Systems. He was Director of CCET, Research Coordinator and Information Technology of the UFS, as well as Coordinator of Physical Courses. Former member of the Scientific Committee FAPESE and FAPITEC. Advisor Scientific Initiation, Monograph, Master, Doctoral and Postdoctoral Fellow in physics. It has two book chapters in international scientific publishers, 56 articles published in international journal, 1 textbook and dozens of articles published in scientific congresses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47599015 |
SAGES Legacy Unifying Globulars and GalaxieS Survey The SLUGGS (SAGES Legacy Unifying Globulars and GalaxieS) survey is an astronomical survey of 25 (and 3 `bonus') nearby early-type (E and S0) galaxies. This survey uses a combination of imaging from Subaru/Suprime-Cam and spectroscopy from Keck/DEIMOS to investigate the chemo-dynamical properties of both the diffuse starlight and the globular cluster systems of the target galaxies. Pilot data for the survey was obtained in 2006 and data acquisition was completed in 2017. The SLUGGS project was so named in honor of the banana slug mascot of the University of California, Santa Cruz. SAGES (Study of the Astrophysics of Globular Clusters in Extragalactic Systems) is an international network of researchers investigating the formation and evolution of globular clusters and their host galaxies, using observational facilities around the world, particularly the Keck and Subaru telescopes. It was founded by Jean Brodie, Duncan Forbes, Aaron Romanowsky and Jay Strader. Deep wide-field imaging from Subaru/Suprime-Cam is used to identify and measure the positions of candidate globular clusters around each survey galaxy. Several (up to 6) DEIMOS masks are then created which include slits corresponding to the locations of globular clusters, galaxy starlight and random background sky locations in the outer parts of the mask. The DEIMOS spectrograph, on the Keck telescope, is centred on wavelengths around the Calcium Triplet lines (~850 nm) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47608547 |
SAGES Legacy Unifying Globulars and GalaxieS Survey After a typical 2 hour exposure per mask, spectra of globular clusters and galaxy starlight is obtained. Using a technique called SKiMS (Stellar Kinematics from Multiple Slits) it is possible to extract the kinematics (and metallicity) of galaxy starlight out to 3 effective radii. Equivalent data for the globular clusters is obtained out to ~10 effective radii. The DEIMOS instrument has the advantages of being a stable, high throughput, wide-field spectrograph coupled with excellent velocity resolution (~12 km/s) on a 10m telescope. This technique effectively uses DEIMOS as a pseudo wide area integral field unit. The 25 target galaxies are chosen to be representative (i.e. cover the range of basic galaxy parameters and environments) of nearby (distance < 27 Mpc) early type (E and S0) galaxies. The survey also includes 3 `bonus’ galaxies which have been observed during times that the main sample galaxies are not available. All galaxies are accessible from the northern hemisphere. Although only a small sample, the data reach to large galactocentric radii with excellent velocity resolution and S/N compared to other surveys. NGC 720, NGC 821, NGC 1023, NGC 1400, NGC 1407, NGC 2768, NGC 2974, NGC 3115, NGC 3377, NGC 3608, NGC 4111, NGC 4278, NGC 4365, NGC 4374, NGC 4459, NGC 4473, NGC 4474, NGC 4486, NGC 4494, NGC 4526, NGC 4564, NGC 4649, NGC 4697, NGC 5846, NGC 7457. The bonus galaxies are NGC 3607, NGC 4594 and NGC 5866. A complete list of publications using SLUGGS survey data can be found here. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47608547 |
Römpp's Chemistry Lexicon (German "Römpp Lexikon Chemie") is a chemical encyclopedia from Germany. Started by chemistry teacher Hermann Römpp in 1947 it has evolved to the leading chemical encyclopedia in German language. "Römpp's Chemistry Lexicon" contains around 64,000 entries and 215,000 links. After the first five editions by Hermann Römpp, took over editorship in 1964. He died shortly after publishing the 6th edition. The 7th and 8th edition were edited by . In 1988, "Römpp's Chemistry Lexicon" was transferred to Thieme Medical Publishers, with editorship handled by a team of authors. The 9th edition and 10th edition, the final two print editions, were published in 1992 and 1999, respectively. Since 2002 the "Römpp" is published online as a web encyclopedia. The editorial team has created several spinoffs, e.g. the "Römpp Encyclopedia Natural Products" (2000) and volumes about biotechnology & genetics, environment, food chemistry, and paint & varnish. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47621310 |
Balliol-Trinity Laboratories The in Oxford, England, was an early chemistry laboratory at the University of Oxford. The laboratory was located between Balliol College and Trinity College, hence the name. It was especially known for physical chemistry. Chemistry was first recognized as a separate discipline at Oxford University in the 19th century. From 1855, a chemistry laboratory existed in a basement at Balliol College. In 1879, Balliol and Trinity agreed to have a laboratory at the boundary of the two colleges. The laboratory became the strongest of the Oxford college research institutions in chemistry. It remained in operation until the Second World War when a new Physical Chemistry Laboratory (PCL) was constructed by Oxford University in the Science Area. The following scientists of note worked in the Balliol-Trinity Laboratories: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47634311 |
Split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS) is a biotechnology technique that permits the creation of cyclic peptides. These peptides are produced by ribosomal protein synthesis, followed by an intein-like event that splices the protein into a loop. By contrast with the nonribosomal peptide synthetases that produces some cyclic peptides like gramicidin S, SICLOPPS offers the advantage that the peptides' structure can be encoded by DNA in a simple manner according to the genetic code, but for this reason it imposes limitations on the types of amino acids incorporated that are comparable to those that apply to ordinary proteins. As implemented there is also some constraint on the peptide sequence of the cyclic sequence; for example, libraries may use the sequence SGXX..XXPL to increase the efficiency of circularization of the peptide. SICLOPPS is frequently used with a library of randomized DNA sequence that permits the simultaneous production and screening of large numbers of constructs at once, followed by the recovery of the DNA sequences responsible for the activity of the clone of interest. A number of natural antimicrobial peptides are cyclic, and the products of SICLOPPS are "increasingly viewed as ideal backbones for modulation of protein-protein interactions." Circular peptides tend to be resistant to protease activity, and may be suitable for use as orally administered drugs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47656176 |
Split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins Once a cyclic peptide is identified with a biological activity of interest, it may also be possible to identify the target of the peptide (a gene that encodes a protein with which it interacts) by functional complementation, facilitating a better understanding of its mechanism of action. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47656176 |
Sven Gavelin was Swedish geologist active at Stockholms högskola and the Geological Survey of Sweden. As a geologist he worked chiefly with Precambrian events and rocks. made significant contributions to the understanding of the ore deposits of Västerbotten. Some other topics he investigated include the Almesåkra Group, He was the son of Axel Gavelin, who was also a geologist. was also a member of the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47664450 |
Gonzalo Tancredi (born 8 March 1963) is an Uruguayan astronomer and full professor in the Department of Astronomy at the University of the Republic in Montevideo, Uruguay. He is an active member of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and investigator at Los Molinos Observatory. His list of possible dwarf planets, along with that of Michael E. Brown, is commonly considered, along with the five dwarf planets recognized by the IAU – Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris – to be the dwarf planets of the Solar System. The Themistian asteroid 5088 Tancredi has been named after him. In 2006, Tancredi was one of a number of dissenters at the IAU's meeting to establish the first definition of "planet." As an alternative to the IAU's draft proposal, which had included Pluto, its moon Charon and Ceres among the planets, Tancredi with his Uruguayan colleague Julio Ángel Fernández proposed a definition where they reserved the term "planet" only for those objects in the Solar System which had cleared their neighbourhoods of planetesimals, describing those objects which had not cleared their orbits yet retained a spherical shape as "planetoids." The IAU's final definition incorporated much of Fernández and Tancredi's proposal, though the objects were christened "dwarf planets." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47665036 |
Grote–Hynes theory is a theory of reaction rate in a solution phase. This rate theory was developed by James T. Hynes with his graduate student Richard F. Grote in 1980. It is based on the generalized Langevin equation (GLE). This theory introduced the concept of frequency dependent friction for chemical rate processes in solution phase. Because of inclusion of the frequency dependent friction instead of constant friction, the theory successfully predicts the rate constant including where the reaction barrier is large and of high frequency, where the diffusion over the barrier starts decoupling from viscosity of the medium. This was the weakness of Kramer's rate theory, which underestimated the reaction rate having large barrier with high frequency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47669007 |
Ariadne (crater) Ariadne Crater is a crater on Venus. Its central peak serves as the prime meridian of the planet, a status formerly held by Eve Crater until relocated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47696373 |
List of misidentified chemical elements Chemical elements that have been mistakenly "discovered". Further investigation showed that their discovery was either mistaken, that they have been mistaken from an already-known element, or mixture of two elements, or that they indicated a failing in theory where a new element had been assumed rather than some previously unknown behaviour. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47708636 |
Henry Wilfred Brolemann (10 July 1860 – 31 July 1933) was a French myriapodologist and former president of the Société entomologique de France known for major works on centipedes and millipedes, of which he named some 500 species. Brolemann was born July 10, 1860, in Paris, to a wealthy family of Israelite industrialists and bankers that had long since converted to Protestantism. He graduated from the University of Paris and was in the banking business early in life, then left for studies in the United States, including at Indiana University, and then studied in Italy before returning to France and becoming one of the world's experts in myriapods. Brolemann was fluent in English, German and Italian, and wrote in Spanish and Portuguese. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47724682 |
Secondary organic aerosol A secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a molecule produced via oxidation over several generations of a parent organic molecule. In contrast to primary organic aerosols, which are emitted directly from the biosphere, secondary organic aerosols are formed via homogeneous nucleation through the successive oxidation of gas-phase organic compounds. These gas-phase species exert high vapor pressures, meaning they are volatile and stable in the gas-phase, however, upon oxidation, the increased polarity of the molecules results in a reduction of vapor pressure. After sufficient oxidation, the vapor pressure is sufficiently low that the gas-phase compound partitions into the solid-phase, producing secondary organic matter. SOAs represent a significant proportion of aerosols contained in the troposphere. A common misconception is that the aerosol refers to the solid phase of the compound, where in reality, by definition, it is the combination of the gas- and solid-phases which constitute the aerosol. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47725427 |
Termination (geomorphology) Termination, as used by Quaternary geologists, oceanographers, and paleoclimatologists is the period of time during a glacial cycle when there is a relatively rapid transition from full glacial climates to full interglacial climates. For the Quaternary period, terminations are numbered using Roman numerals from the most recent termination as “I” and with increasing value, e.g. “II”, “III”, and so forth, into the past. Termination I, also known as the Last Glacial Termination, is the end of Marine isotope stage 2; Termination II is the end of Marine Isotope Stage 6; Termination III is the end of Marine Isotope Stage 8; Termination IV is the end of Marine Isotope Stage 10, and so forth. During the Quaternary, global climate experienced a recurring pattern of ice-sheet growth and decay. The length of Late Quaternary cycles varied between 80,000 and 120,000 years, with an average recurrence interval of about 100,000 years. The typical Late Quaternary glacial cycle was asymmetric having a long cooling interval that was characterized by an oscillating buildup of ice sheets to maximum volume. The long cooling interval was then followed by a relatively short warming period. During this warming period, called a "termination," huge Northern hemisphere ice sheets melted away; sea level rose about ; and interglacial climate emerged across the planet in a few thousand years | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47734301 |
Termination (geomorphology) In case of the termination of the last glacial cycle, the retreat of continental ice sheets in the Northern hemisphere began about 20,000 calendar years ago. By about 7,000 calendar years ago, a small ice cap on Baffin Island was all that was left of the great Laurentide Ice Sheet that had once covered northern North America. In Antarctica, the last termination began about 18,000 years ago and interglacial climate was attained close to 11,000 years ago. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47734301 |
Flowers of sulfur (older British spelling flowers of sulphur) is a very fine, bright yellow sulfur powder that is produced by sublimation and deposition. It is known as ' by apothecaries and in older scientific works. Natural sulfur was also known as brimstone, hence the alternative name flowers of brimstone. were traditionally produced by subliming naturally occurring sulfur, known as "sulphur vivum". Impurities and moisture could cause acid residue in the product, so it was often washed, the result being known as "washed flowers of sulfur" (in Latin, "flores sulphuris loti"). is commercially available and can be bought through chemical supply companies as well as e-commerce websites such as Amazon.com. Historically, flowers of sulfur were extensively used medically to cure ailments, particularly skin diseases. In the early 20th century, "flowers of sulfur" was also widely used for agricultural purposes. It was specifically used in cultivating hop plants to combat and prevent fungal diseases caused by molds that can kill crops. was also used to treat rosebushes similarly. These cases show that flowers of sulfur was one of the earliest fungicides and insecticides used agriculturally. More recent sources also show that flowers of sulfur acts a fungicide, insecticide, and fumigant, as well as an agent in the treatment of numerous skin diseases. Flowers of Sulfur (FoS) Tests have also been used to test porosity of metallic finishes over silver, copper, and copper alloy substrates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47742893 |
Flowers of sulfur The original FoS test method was standardized by ASTM through ASTM-B809 which was established in 1990. The current version of the standard is ASTM B809-95(2018). This test method is especially good at precipitating silver based failures such as those observed with network chip resistors. The Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) and the International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative (iNEMI) have both developed tests based on varying degrees to the ASTM standard. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47742893 |
Gerda Laski (4 June 1893, Vienna – 24 November 1928, Berlin) was an Austrian/German physicist known for her research in infrared radiation. She went to a private girls secondary grammar school in Vienna and graduated in 1913. She earned her doctorate in physics from the University of Vienna in 1917 on "Size Determination of Submicroscopic Particles Based on Optical and Mechanical Effects". From 1918 to 1919, she worked as an assistant at the University of Göttingen and, in 1920, as an assistant in the Physical Institute of the Technical University of Berlin, where she was introduced to the experimental technique that became her major interest. Her early research concerned the Bohr model. Laski was a student of Peter Debye, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1936. Debye studied the dispersion of light by Bohr's hydrogen model and found that the theoretical curve corresponded satisfactorily to the curve observed. Laski later showed agreement between theory and experiment, however based on an erroneous interpretation of data. Laski's main research focus later on was infrared research. This included the examination of selected chemical substances by means of infrared radiation—a field of application. Beginning in 1924, Laski was the director of the Infrared Department at the Institute for Fibre Chemistry of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, a department which was closed due to lack of financing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47761221 |
Gerda Laski She then became a voluntary assistant at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (Imperial Physical-Technical Institute) in 1927, in order to establish an infrared laboratory. After serious illness, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics provided Laski with a monthly stipend until her death in 1928. Her final work was on special methods for infrared measurement and thermoelectricity. Her research also included studying natural infrared frequencies of diatomic Bohr gas molecules and their specific heat at high temperatures. Laski wrote her thesis on "Size Determination of Submicroscopic Particles Based on Optical and Mechanical Effects", which was published in 1917 and is 48 pages long. The book is written in German and is part of the holdings of the German National Library. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47761221 |
C-glycosyl tryptophan C-glycosyltryptophan is a sugar-loaded amino acid that strongly correlates with age. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47772755 |
Cardiobacterium valvarum is a newly described HACEK organism causing endocarditis. When compared morphologically, the two Cardiobacterium species are indistinguishable in culture, Gram stain, and growth characteristics. Isolates of C. valvarum show optimal growth by day 3 under standard 5% CO2 incubation conditions on 5% sheep blood but scant growth on chocolate agar. Colonies are non-hemolytic to weakly a-hemolytic on sheep blood agar. 16S PCR can be used to distinguish the Cardiobacterium species. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter (CMN) Vol. 37, No. 16, August 15, 2015, www.cmnewsletter.com | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47777088 |
Strong in the Rain Strong in the Rain: Surviving Japan's Earthquake, Tsunami, and Fukushima Nuclear Disaster is a book by Lucy Birmingham and David McNeill published in 2012. The title is taken from the Japanese poem by Kenji Miyazawa about endurance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47781757 |
Journal of African Earth Sciences The is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It covers the earth sciences, primarily on issues that are relevant to Africa and the Middle East. The journal was established in 1983 and the editors-in-chief are P.G. Eriksson and R.B.M. Mapeo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47792900 |
John Ning-Yuean Lee Professor John Ning-Yuean Lee, KHS (李寧遠; "Hanyu pinyin": Li Ningyuan; 2 September 1945–) is a Taiwanese biologist and former president of Fu Jen Catholic University. At present, he is the chair professor of Beijing Normal University Zhuhai campus. He obtained the bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree at National Taiwan University. Afterward, he served as professor at the National Taiwan Sport University, the 1st dean of College of Human Ecology and university president at Fu Jen, dean of College of Living Technology at Tainan University of Technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47800100 |
VHS 1256-1257 VHS J125601.92-125723.9 (abbreviated as or HSV 1 256) is a red dwarf of spectral type M7.5 located approximately 13 parsecs from the sun, which was discovered by a team led by the Polish astronomer Bartosz Gauza. It is the central object of a planetary system with one known confirmed planet, b. The red dwarf's only discovered companion planet was first identified and documented by the 2MASS survey in 2015. It orbits at a distance of 102 ± 9 AU and has an estimated mass of approximately 11 times Jupiter's, which is below the minimum mass required for the thermonuclear fusion of deuterium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47804843 |
Loren E. Babcock In 2008, he was one of a team of researchers who discovered the oldest footprints ever found, over 570 million years old, in Nevada. Although he was uncertain, Babcock believed that they came from an arthropod species. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47805321 |
Nigel Paul Taylor (born 1956) is a British botanist. He mainly focuses on the study of cacti. Taylor has been director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens since September 2011. He was previously curator of the Kew Gardens in London. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47807553 |
Aikhulu Chasma Aikhylu Chasma is a tectonic rift valley on Venus, and the landing site of the "Venera 9" lander. It is located in Beta Regio. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47855030 |
Charged aerosol detector The Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD) is a detector used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to measure the amount of chemicals in a sample by creating charged aerosol particles which are detected using an electrometer. It is commonly used for the analysis of compounds that cannot be detected using traditional UV/Vis approaches due to their lack of a chromophore. The CAD can measure all non-volatile and many semi-volatile analytes including, but not limited to, antibiotics, excipients, ions, lipids, natural products, biofuels, sugars and surfactants. The CAD, like other aerosol detectors (e.g., evaporative light scattering detectors (ELSD) and condensation nucleation light scattering detectors (CNLSD)), falls under the category of destructive general-purpose detectors (see Chromatography Detectors). The predecessor to the CAD, termed an evaporative electrical detector, was first described by Kaufman at TSI Inc in US patent 6,568,245 and was based on the coupling of liquid chromatographic approaches to TSI’s electrical aerosol measurement (EAM) technology. At around the same time Dixon and Peterson at California State University were investigating the coupling of liquid chromatography to an earlier version of TSI’s EAM technology, which they called an aerosol charge detector. Subsequent collaboration between TSI and ESA Biosciences Inc | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47856613 |
Charged aerosol detector (now part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), led to the first commercial instrument, the Corona CAD, which received both the Pittsburgh Conference Silver Pittcon Editor’s Award (2005) and R&D 100 award (2005). Continued research and engineering improvements in product design resulted in CADs with ever increasing capabilities. The newest iterations of the CAD are the Thermo Scientific Corona Veo Charged Aerosol Detector and Corona Veo RS Charged Aerosol Detector and Thermo Scientific Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors. The general detection scheme involves: The CAD like other aerosol detectors, can only be used with volatile mobile phases. For an analyte to be detected it must be less volatile than the mobile phase. "More detailed information on how CAD works can be found on the Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography Resource Center." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47856613 |
SpARCS1049+56 is a galaxy cluster whose heart is bursting with new stars and located at a distance of about 9.8 billion light-years away from Earth. It was discovered by NASA's Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes on 2015. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47860264 |
Gum (botany) Gum is a sap or other resinous material associated with certain species of the plant kingdom. This material is often polysaccharide-based and is most frequently associated with woody plants, particularly under the bark or as a seed coating. The polysaccharide material is typically of high molecular weight and most often highly hydrophilic or hydrocolloidal. Many gums occur as seed coatings for plant species; the adaptive purpose of some of these gummy coatings is to delay germination of certain flora seeds. An example of such a gummy coating occurs in the case of Western poison oak, a widespread shrub in western North America. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47863630 |
Husk (or hull) in botany is the outer shell or coating of a seed. It often refers to the leafy outer covering of an ear of maize (corn) as it grows on the plant. Literally, a husk or hull includes the protective outer covering of a seed, fruit, or vegetable. It can also refer to the exuvia of insects or other small animals left behind after moulting. In cooking, hull can also refer to other waste parts of fruits and vegetables, notably the cap or sepal of a strawberry. The husk of a legume and some similar fruits is called a pod. Plantago-seed mucilage is often referred to as husk, or psyllium husk. Crop plants of several species have been selected that have hulless seeds, including pumpkins, oats, and barley. Husking of corn is the process of removing its outer layers, leaving only the cob or seed rack of the corn. Dehulling is the process of removing the hulls (or chaff) from beans and other seeds. This is sometimes done using a machine known as a huller. To prepare the seeds to have oils extracted from them, they are cleaned to remove any foreign objects. Next, the seeds have their hulls, or outer coverings, or husk, removed. There are three different types of dehulling systems that can be used to process soybeans: Hot dehulling, warm dehulling and cold dehulling. Hot dehulling is the system offered in areas where beans are processed directly from the field. Warm dehulling is often used by processors who import their soybeans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47863633 |
Husk Cold dehulling is used in plants that have existing drying and conditioning equipment, but need to add dehulling equipment to produce high protein meal. The different dehulling temperature options are for different types of production, beans and preparation equipment. In third-world countries, husking and dehulling is still often done by hand using a large mortar and pestle. These are usually made of wood, and operated by one or more people. The husk is biodegradable and may be composted. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47863633 |
NGC 2613 NGC 2613, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pyxis. It appears spindle-shaped as it is almost edge-on to observers on Earth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47896839 |
Volgo–Uralia is a crustal segment that together with the Sarmatian Craton and the Fennoscandian Craton makes up the East European Craton. is the easternmost of the three segments and borders the Sarmatian Craton to the southwest along the Pachelma aulacogen and the Fennoscandian Craton to the northwest along the Volhyn–Central Russian aulacogen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47936381 |
Atheronals are biologically relevant oxysterols formed in the reaction of cholesterol with ozone. Atheronal A (a.k.a Secosterol A) is the major product of ozonolysis which is 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al. Atheronal B (a.k.a Secosterol B) is formed by the intramolecular aldol reaction of Atheronal A, which is 3β-hydroxy-5β-hydroxy-B-norcholestane-6β-carboxaldehyde. Cholesterol, a alkene that are located in aspiratory surfactant, anticipated in the attack by ozone among the different receptive oxygen species (ROS, for example, singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals, and ozone). Atheronals, the major product of ozonolysis, when cholesterol is ozonized in the arrangement at high ozone fixations (>0.1%), are the substance that need be give extra care to since it have huge effect on the human body. In the mechanism, Atheronal A are produces from a process called ozonolysis. Next, the Atheronal A go through aldol reaction that occur so smoothly in the biological system to produce Atheronal B. Secosterol-A and -B were produced in an ozone-autonomous way using the Hock-cleavage of 5α-hydroperoxy cholesterol, which can emerge from the singlet oxygen ene reaction with cholesterol. However, Secosterol-B is shaped effectively under acidic conditions in natural solvents, yet secosterol-A is either not framed at all or is a minor part in the aqueous buffer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47957102 |
Atheronals Practically the measures of both of the Altheronals are equivalent were shaped by the response of cholesterol with human myeloperoxidase (MPO) within sight of its substrates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Cl−. There is five times more secosterol-B that was created compare to secosterol-A when cholesterol was incubated with hypochlorous corrosive (HOCl) and hydrogen peroxide. In any cases, in both the responses, immunoglobulin G (IgG) did not improve the arrangement of secosterols, recommending that singlet oxygen (1O2) and perhaps another oxidant, however not an ozone-like oxidant, intervened the development of secosterols. When the Ozonolysis of Cholesterol reaction occurs, the atheronals as a product will quicken the normal conversion of monocytes to macrophages, are rapidly taken up by macrophages, hasten the inflammatory response on and increase the stickiness of the interior arterial walls, and contribute to the formation of arterial plaques . This cause Atherosclerosis, the hardening of the arteries. possess biological effects that if translated to an in vivo setting could lead to the recruitment, entrapment, dysfunction, and ultimate destruction of macrophages, with the major leukocyte player in inflammatory artery disease. Furthermore, have additionally been detected in lung tissue, potentially from exposure of lung surfactant to the troposphere. Furthermore, such cholesterol oxidation items have been found in the brains of autopsy specimens from Alzheimer’s patients | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47957102 |
Atheronals The ozonolyzed cholesterol quickens amyloidogenesis in these patients. They may play a crucial job in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative infections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47957102 |
ViroCap is a test announced in 2015 by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis which can detect most of the infectious viruses which affect humans and animals. It was demonstrated to be as sensitive as the various Polymerase chain reaction assays for the viruses. It will not be available for clinical use until validation studies are done, which may take years. The test examines two million sequences of genetic data from viruses. The research was published in September 2015 in the online journal Genome Research. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47973429 |
Simon Ratcliffe (astronomer) Simon Ratcliffe is a South African astronomer known for his promotion of the Square Kilometre Array project. The media have dubbed him the "barefoot astronomer" for his habit of working without shoes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47986604 |
Albert Falsan Claude Alexandre (14 May 1833, in Lyon – 12 February 1902, in Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or) was a French geologist and glaciologist. He was a student at the "Collège des Minimes" and also took classes at the University of Lyon as a pupil of geologist Joseph Jean Baptiste Xavier Fournet. Although he never received a diploma, he dedicated his time and energies to geological research of the Jura, the Lyonnaise region and the Alps. From 1869 to 1902 he was a member of the Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Lyon, and in 1873, a founding member of the Société de géographie de Lyon. During his career he also received the following awards and distinctions: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48004296 |
NGC 3021 is a small spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. It is about 100 million light-years away from Earth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48008155 |
NGC 3041 is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is designated as SAB(rs)c in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. It was discovered by William Herschel on 23 March 1784. The galaxy is approximately 77 million light years away from earth.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48009726 |
NGC 5256 is a galaxy that contains two disc galaxies, that are colliding into each other. It is located in the constellation Ursa Major, and was discovered by William Herschel on 12 May 1787. The two nuclei of the galaxies are separated by about 13046.3 light years. is located at about 350 million light years away from the earth.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref><ref name="NASA/IPAC2"></ref> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48010878 |
NGC 5001 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa major. It is designated as SB in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. It was discovered by John Herschel on 1 May 1831. It is at a distance of 130 million parsecs from the earth.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48014928 |
NGC 6000 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Scorpius. It is designated as SB(s)bc in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by John Herschel on 8 May 1834. The galaxy is approximately 103 million light-years away. It is the brightest of all the galaxies in the constellation Scorpius.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref><br> Two Supernovae have been observed in this galaxy namely, 2007ch and 2010as, each having a mag. of about 17.2 and 15.5 respectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48027853 |
NGC 6104 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Corona Borealis. It is designated as S(R)Pec in the galaxy morphological classification scheme, though it is clearly a barred spiral (deserving of the SB(R)Pec designation), and was discovered by William Herschel on 16 May 1787. The galaxy is approximately 388 million light-years away.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48028183 |
NGC 6181 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hercules. It is designated as SB(rs)c in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by William Herschel on 28 April 1788. The galaxy is 107 million light years away.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48028324 |
NGC 6207 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hercules. It is designated as SA(s)c in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by William Herschel on 16 May 1787. is located at about 30 million light years from earth. It is located near the globular cluster Messier 13.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48029512 |
NGC 6212 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hercules. It is designated as Sb in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 26 July 1870. is located at about 397 million light years from earth.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48029959 |
NGC 6221 (also known as "PGC 59175") is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ara. It is designated as SB(s)bc in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 3 May 1835. is located at about 69 million light years from earth.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref> is part of galaxy group NGC 6221/15, which includes spiral galaxy NGC 6215 and three dwarf galaxies. Interactions between and NGC 6215 form a of neutral hydrogen gas over a projected distance of 100 kpc; Dwarf 3 of the three dwarf galaxies may have formed from the bridging gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48030331 |
NGC 6239 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hercules with a distinct core. It is designated as SB(s)B in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by the German-born British astronomer William Herschel on 12 April 1788. The galaxy is approximately 42 million light years away from Earth.<ref name="NASA/IPAC"></ref> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48032655 |
NGC 4402 is a relatively near, edge-on spiral galaxy located around 50 million light-years from Earth. It is in the constellation of Virgo within the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It can be seen when viewing Markarian's Chain. is roughly 55 thousand light-years wide and is moving away from Earth at around 232 kilometers per second. It is falling into the Virgo galaxy cluster. Images show evidence that the material it once contained to enable it to form stars has been stripped away in a process known as "ram-pressure stripping". This is due to NGC 4402's cooler gasses being struck by hot x-ray gasses coming from the middle of the Virgo galaxy cluster as it moves toward it. The evidence is as follows: The supernova SN 1976B was observed in in 1976. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48033083 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.