text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
NGC 1964 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Lepus. The galaxy lies 65 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that is approximately 100,000 light years across. At its center lies a supermassive black hole, with estimated mass 2.5 × 10 . The galaxy features two tightly wound inner spiral arms within a disk with high surface brightness and two outer, more open spiral arms that originate near the inner ring. The outer arms feature few small HII regions. is the main galaxy in a group of galaxies, known as group, which also includes the galaxies NGC 1979, IC 2130 and IC 2137. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54060959 |
Diploidization is the process of converting a polyploid genome back into a diploid one. Polyploidy is a product of whole genome duplication (WGD) and is followed by diploidization as a result of genome shock. The plant kingdom has undergone multiple events of polyploidization followed by diploidization in both ancient and recent lineages. It has also been hypothesized that vertebrate genomes have gone through two rounds of paleopolyploidy. The mechanisms of diploidization are poorly understood but patterns of chromosomal loss and evolution of novel genes are observed in the process. Upon the formation of new polyploids, large sections of DNA are rapidly lost from one genome. The loss of DNA effectively achieves two purposes. First, the eliminated copy restores the normal gene dosage in the diploid organism. Second, the changes in chromosomal genetic structure increase the divergence of the homoeologous chromosomes (similar chromosomes from inter-species hybrid) and promotes homologous chromosome pairing. Both are important in terms of adjusting to the induced genome shock. There have been rare events in which genes that ensure proper chromosome pairing have evolved shortly after polyploidization. One such gene, Ph1, exists in hexaploid wheat. These genes keep the two sets of genomes separately by either spatially separating them or giving them a unique chromatin identity to facilitate recognition from its homologous pair. This prevents the need of rapid gene loss to speed up homeologous chromosome diversification | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54069375 |
Diploidization Once a polyploid is made, either synthetically or naturally, the genome goes through a period of "genome shock". Genome shock can be defined as a stage in which the genome experiences massive reorganization and structural changes to deal with the external stress (X-ray damage, chromosome duplication, etc.) imposed upon the genome. Such changes are termed revolutionary changes and occur early in the process of diploidization. Revolutionary changes ensure that the organism has a stable genome that can be passed to its progeny. At the end of this process, certain duplicated genes may be preserved thus allowing evolution to shape them into novel functions. This is commonly termed as neofunctionalization. The mechanism of retaining duplicated genes is poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that dosage balance may play a key role in shaping the evolutionary fates of duplicated genes. Evolutionary changes refer to the long process of converting duplicated genes into diverse, functional gene derivatives. There are many ways in which a polyploid organism can convert back to a diploid status. This is usually achieved by elimination of duplicated genes. The main goals of diploidization are: (1) To ensure proper gene dosage; and (2) to maintain stable cellular division processes. This process does not need to occur rapidly for all chromosomes in one or few steps. In recent polyploid events, segments of the genome may still remain in a tetraploid status | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54069375 |
Diploidization In other words, diploidization is a long ongoing process that is shaped by both intrinsic and evolutionary drives. Normally, homologous chromosomes pair up in bivalents during meiosis and separate into different daughter cells. However, when multiple copies of similar chromosomes are present in the nucleus, homeologous chromosomes can also pair with homologous chromosomes resulting in the formation of trivalents or multivalents. The formation of multivalents results in unequal division of the chromosomes and lead to daughter cells lacking one or few chromosomes. When homeologous chromosomes pair up though bivalents or multivalents, illegitimate genetic crossovers may occur. Since the chromosomes may differ in genetic structure and content, segments of the chromosome may be shuffled around resulting in massive gene loss. Additionally, illegitimate recombinations may also result in dicentric chromosomes lead to chromosome breakage during anaphase. This further contributes to gene loss on duplicated chromosomes. The duplicated copies of a gene are commonly non-essential to the plant’s ability to maintain normal growth and development. Therefore, one copy is generally free to mutate/be lost from the genome. This contributes to gene loss through the massive chromosome reorganization events during genome shock. As mentioned earlier, duplicated genes are under relaxed selective pressure. Thus it may also be subject to neofunctionalization, the process in which a duplicated gene obtains a novel function. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54069375 |
3-Arylpropiolonitriles (APN) belong to a class of electron-deficient alkyne derivatives substituted by two electron-withdrawing groups – a nitrile and an aryl moieties. Such activation results in improved selectivity towards highly reactive thiol-containing molecules, namely cysteine residues in proteins. APN-based modification of proteins was reported to surpass several important drawbacks of existing strategies in bioconjugation, notably the presence of side reactions with other nucleophilic amino acid residues and the relative instability of the resulting bioconjugates in the blood stream. The latter drawback is especially important for the preparation of targeted therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates. The synthesis of 3-arylpropiolonitriles has been the subject of several studies. The most elaborated and often used approach is based on MnO2-mediated free radical oxidation of the corresponding propargylic alcohols obtained using Sonogashira coupling of the corresponding iodo-derivative in the presence of ammonia (Figure 1). In bioconjugation (forming a stable covalent link between a biomolecule and a functional payloads, such as fluorescent dyes, cytotoxic agents, or tracers), linking of the payload was classically achieved using maleimide heterobifunctional reagents (for example, see SMCC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54069873 |
3-Arylpropiolonitriles However, when administered into living organisms, maleimide-containing bioconjugates were found to be relatively unstable and lose the payload in the blood circulation due to reversibility of the addition reaction between maleimide moiety and cysteine residue of a protein (retro Michael addition). Due to increased stability of bioconjugates obtained with analogous APN-based payloads (a schematic reaction is shown in the Figure 2 below), their use is often preferable when high selectivity and biostability are especially important: namely for the preparation of antibody−drug conjugates and other biologics. Standard procedure for APN protein labeling consists in incubation of a protein containing free cysteine residues with an APN-functionalized probe in PBS buffer at pH 7.5-9.0 at room temperature for 2–12 hours, followed by an optional step of purification of the resulting bioconjugate using size exclusion chromatography or ultrafiltration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54069873 |
Young's Cove Group is a stratigraphic group covering the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary (in the Chapel Island Formation, cropping out on the Burin Peninsula and elsewhere in Newfoundland. The Rencontre Formation is sometime included in this group, sometimes in the Long Harbour Group. That formation overlies volcanic rocks dated to . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54092337 |
Marystown Group The is a Neoproterozoic stratigraphic group of predominantly volcanic sediments – subaerially deposited ash-flow tuffs from rhyolites and alkaline basalts (with some minor sedimentary strata – red to green siltstones to conglomerates – interleaved), with a central sandstone unit, cropping out in Newfoundland. It is likely to be temporally equivalent (more or less) to the Love Cove Group, Connaigre Bay Group, Long Harbour Group and Rock Harbour Group. More accurate/precise dates suggest that the formation is 580-570 Ma (younger than stated in the box above, which uses U-Pb dates). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54092503 |
Harcourt Group The is a stratigraphic group of siliciclastic rocks deposited in the Gondwanan Margin, cropping out in the Avalon Zone of Newfoundland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54092694 |
Luis de la Peña Luis Fernando de la Peña-Auerbach known as is a Mexican physicist, born in Mexico City in 1931. He is a researcher of the Institute of Physics and professor of the Faculty of Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and is a member of the Science Advisory Council of the Presidency of Mexico. He graduated from ESIME of the National Polytechnic Institute with a degree in mechanical-electrical engineering and began his professional activity as a designer of audio systems. From 1954 was professor of the ESIME and from 1958 definitively joined UNAM. He completed his PhD in 1964 under the direction of Arseny Sokolov at the Moscow State University in the Soviet Union. He is known most for his contributions towards the field of stochastic electrodynamics (SED). In 2002 he was awarded the National Prize for Arts and Sciences in the Physics, Mathematics, and Natural Sciences category. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54092798 |
Signal Hill Group The is a siliciclastic Group of marine Ediacaran strata, cropping out in Newfoundland, in the eastern Bonavista Peninsula and the eastern Avalon peninsula. It corresponds temporally to the Musgravetown Group further west. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54093500 |
Musgravetown Group The is a terminal Ediacaran stratigraphic group of terrestrialish sandstones, lavas and tuffs cropping out in Newfoundland. It corresponds temporally to the Signal Hill Group further east. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54093637 |
Bell Island Group The is a Group of marine sedimentary strata cropping out in Bell Island, Newfoundland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097168 |
Harbour Main Group The is a group of Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks cropping out in Newfoundland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097182 |
Wabana Group The is a group cropping out on Bell Island, Newfoundland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097190 |
Love Cove Group The is a metamorphosed volcaniclastic sedimentary group cropping out in southeastern Newfoundland. Strata from towards the middle of the formation have been dated to . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097196 |
Andersons Cove Formation The is a formation cropping out in Newfoundland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097315 |
Bay de Verde Formation The is a formation cropping out in Newfoundland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097327 |
Big Head Formation The is a formation cropping out in Newfoundland. It comprises grey-green fine grained seds, and crops out at the foreboding cliffs of Big Head, Placentia Bay. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097333 |
Bull Arm Formation The is a volcanic formation cropping out in Newfoundland, the youngest of the Musgravetown Group. It is defined as everything between the first and last volcanic horizon, with a recognition that some sandstones will be interbedded, and its start and finish may vary across the region depending on how widespread volcanic horizons are in practice. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097351 |
Cashel Lookout Formation The is a formation cropping out in Newfoundland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54097356 |
Euroleague for Life Sciences The (ELLS), established in 2001, is a network of leading universities cooperating in the fields of natural resource management, agricultural and forestry sciences, life sciences, veterinary sciences, food sciences, and environmental sciences. ELLS offers summer schools, joint degree programmes, study abroad opportunities and cooperations on PhD level. Every year a member university hosts the ELLS Scientific Student Conference. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54098179 |
Imre Fényes (; 29 July 1917 - 13 November 1977) was a Hungarian physicist who was the first to propose a stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54100403 |
Perseus–Pegasus Filament is a galaxy filament containing the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and stretching for roughly a billion light years (or over 300/h Mpc). Currently, it is considered to be one of the largest known structures in the universe. This filament is adjacent to the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex. The was discovered by David Batuski and Jack Burns of New Mexico State University in 1985. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54140642 |
Reusch's Moraine The Smalfjord diamictite, Bigganjargga Tillite or is a diamictite in Finnmark, northern Norway. The rock was first identified as a tillite by Hans Reusch in 1891, hence its name. The tillite overlies sandstone whose contact surface is striated. belong to the Smalfjord Formation, a geological formation of Neoproterozoic age. The tillite possibly formed during the Sturtian glaciation in connection to a global glaciation. was among the first sites discovered to bear evidence of Precambrian glaciations, being only preceded by findings in Scotland (1871), Australia (1884) and India (1887). The site is remarkably illustrative and Reusch's 1891 sketch has been labeled "iconic" by Paul F. Hoffman. The area has been protected by law at least since the 1960s and it is forbidden to hammer the rocks. While the idea that the rocks and striations are of glacial origin have been endorsed by numerous geologists, a few have disagreed. As early as 1900 did A. Dal question the glacial origin. In the 1960s other geologist followed suit and challenged the established interpretation. A 1964 study by J.C. Crowell proposed the diamictite to be a mudflow deposit and the striations to be caused also by a mudflow. In 1966 Reading and Walker attacked the mudflow interpretation on the grounds that evidence for contemporary deformation, an expected feature of mudflow deposits, is lacking. The glacial origin idea has been aided by the fact that the diamicton deposited during a period when the Earth was subject to a widespread glaciation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54141696 |
Reusch's Moraine New arguments against a glacial origin were put forward in 1996 by Jensen and Wulff. They argued that the underlying sandstone is not substantially older than the diamicton and that it was not fully consolidated when the striations were made. This argument is based on their findings of imprints of diamictite clasts and diamictite clasts within the sandstone. The same authors claim that the fact that the clasts of the diamicton are locally derived argues against a glacial origin. As such Jensen and Wulff concluded the diamictite is a debris flow deposit. Countering these argument M.B. Edwards claims that if the sandstone was unconsolidated then the size of the clasts seen in the imprints would have formed much deeper grooves during striation. Edwards adds further that tills made up of locally derived clasts are nothing rare in the geological record. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54141696 |
NGC 2992 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation Hydra. It was discovered in 1785 by William Herschel. It has a close companion, NGC 2993. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54144699 |
NGC 461 is a spiral galaxy of type SAB(s)c located in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on September 25, 1834 by John Herschel. It was described by Dreyer as "pretty bright, round, gradually a little brighter middle (perhaps 1° wrong?)." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54145563 |
Ursa Major Filament is a galaxy filament. The filament is connected to the CfA Homunculus, a portion of the filament forms a portion of the "leg" of the Homunculus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54149652 |
Hexadentate ligand A hexadentate ligand in coordination chemistry is a ligand that combines with a central metal atom with six bonds. One example of a hexadentate ligand that can form complexes with soft metal ions is TPEN. A commercially important hexadentate ligand is EDTA. The denticity of hexadentate ligands is often denoted with the prefix κ. The way the donor atoms are joined together in the molecule is its topology. Some topologies are simple, such as the linear or ring shapes. The molecule can also be branched, either at a donor atom, or at a non-donor atom. Example shapes are the tripod, and amplector, with a bifurcation at each end. Rigid molecules can be used to force unusual coordination such as trigonal prism. F. Lions identified 36 different hexadentate topologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54153482 |
NGC 7015 is a spiral galaxy located about 203 million Light-years away from Earth in the constellation Equuleus. NGC 7015's calculated velocity is 4881 km/s. was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on September 29, 1878. It is also part of a group of galaxies called [CHM2007] LDC 1450. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54160625 |
Basement high In geology, a basement high is a portion of the basement in a sedimentary basin that is higher than its surroundings. Commonly, structures referred to as basement highs are hidden by the sedimentary fill of the basin. Usually basement highs are elongated features of tectonic origin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54168371 |
Coma Filament is a galaxy filament. The filament contains the Coma Supercluster of galaxies and forms a part of the CfA2 Great Wall. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54181978 |
Anomalous oxygen is hot atomic and singly ionized oxygen believed to be present in Earth's exosphere above 500 km near the poles during their respective summers. This additional component augmenting the mainly hydrogen and helium exosphere is able to explain the unexpectedly high drag forces on satellites passing near the poles in their summers. densities are included in the NRLMSISE-00 models of Earth's atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54182471 |
Johann Gaspar Scheuchzer Johannes Gaspar Scheuchzer (1684 -1738) was a Swiss botanist and plant collector. He was the brother of Swiss scholar Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, both of whom are the namesake of the genus "Scheuchzeria". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54182822 |
Lithospheric mantle The lithospheric mantle is the uppermost solid part of mantle. The lithospheric mantle is subdivided into the subcontinental lithospheric mantle associated with the continental lithosphere and oceanic lithospheric mantle, associated with the oceanic lithosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54191143 |
Non-motile bacteria are those bacterial species that lack the ability and structures that would allow them to propel themselves, under their own power, through their environment. When non-motile bacteria are cultured in a stab tube, they only grow along the stab line. If the bacteria are mobile, the line will appear diffuse and extend into the medium. The cell structures that provide the ability for locomotion are the cilia and flagella. Coliform and Streptococci are examples of non-motile bacteria as are "Klebsiella pneumoniae", and "Yersinia pestis". Motility is one characteristic used in the identification of bacteria and evidence of possessing structures: peritrichous flagella, polar flagella and/or a combination of both. Though the lack of motility might be regarded a disadvantage, some non-motile bacteria possess structures that allow their attachment to eukaryotic cells, like GI mucousal cells. Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. are non-motile while vancomycin susceptible Enterococcus spp. Some genera have been divided based upon the presence or absence of motility. Motility is determined by using a motility medium. The ingredients include motility test medium, nutrient broth powder, NaCl and distilled water. An inoculating needle (not a loop) is used to insert the bacterial sample. The needle is inserted through the medium for a length of one inch. The media tube incubated at . Bacteria that are motile grow away from the stab, and toward the sides and downward toward the bottom of the tube | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54194344 |
Non-motile bacteria Growth should be observed in 24 to 48 hours. With some species, the bacterium is inconsistent related to its motility. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54194344 |
Henrik Henriksen Beck was a Danish geologist, conchologist and naturalist. He wrote "Index molluscorum praesentis aevi musei principis augustissimi Christiani Frederici" (1837) in which several new species were described and "Bemærkninger om Danmarks Geologi : oplæste i det geologiske Selskab" (1835). A.S.H. Breure & A. González Guillen Bibliography of Cuban terrestrial Mollusca, including related and biohistorical papers on Cuban malacology "Technical Bulletin Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis" 12; ISSN 1387-0211 pdf | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54207831 |
Hans Bluntschli (February 19, 1877 – July 13, 1962) was a Swiss anatomist. He received his medical degree from Heidelberg University in 1903, and taught at multiple universities before becoming the chair of anatomy and embryology in Bern in 1933, where he remained until his retirement in 1942. On expedition in 1931, he recovered two juvenile specimens of birds, which were identified in 1996 as a distinct species, but were later identified through genetic analysis to be specimens of white-throated oxylabes. His expeditions included the Amazon Rain Forest from 1912 to 1913, and Madagascar from 1932 to 1933, during which he recovered the specimens now know to be white-throated oxylabes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54213226 |
NGC 463 NGC 463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54220960 |
NGC 466 is a member of a group of galaxies known as GG 019. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54221554 |
NGC 491 NGC 491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54221841 |
NGC 489 is a member of a group of galaxies known as the NGC 524 group. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54222554 |
NGC 487 NGC 487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54223072 |
NGC 480 NGC 480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54223414 |
NGC 7016 is an elliptical or lenticular galaxy located about 480 million Light-years away from Earth in the constellation Capricornus. NGC 7016's calculated velocity is 11,046 km/s. has an estimated diameter of about 140 thousand light years. was discovered by American astronomer Francis Preserved Leavenworth on July 8, 1885. is one of two prominent radio galaxies in the galaxy cluster Abell 3744 along with the double galaxy system NGC 7018. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54224119 |
Hasanbey Zardabi Natural History Museum The is a natural history museum in Baku, Azerbaijan. The museum bears the name of Hasan bey Zardabi, an Azerbaijani journalist and intellectual, and founder of the first Azeri-language newspaper Akinchi ("The Ploughman") in 1875. The museum has two departments: a geology department that has samples of metallic and nonmetallic natural resources and minerals and rocks of Azerbaijan and a zoology department. The general collection of the museum numbers more than 1400 different items. The biological department exhibits numerous skeletons and fragments of animal bones found during field work and treated by researchers. The oldest exhibit is the teeth of an ichthyosaur from the Cretaceous period, more than 120 million years old. The research activities of the Natural History Museum have developed in several directions, focused especially on paleontological sites. The main research focuses on the study of the Binagadi quaternary and the Eldar late Sarmatian hipparion faunas, Pirekishkuli Maykop vertebrate fauna, numerous sites of primitive people, as well as Azokh cave and others. In the collection of the quaternary fauna of Binagadi, there are 41 species of mammals, 110 species of birds, 2 reptiles, 1 amphibian, 107 insects and 22 species of plants. Among those are near-complete fossilized skeletons of horses, deer, gazelles and saigas that don't live in the territory of Azerbaijan anymore. The Eldar fauna consists of 23 representatives of various forms of vertebrate animals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54234401 |
Hasanbey Zardabi Natural History Museum In addition, the museum also has two types of hipparions (mammals of the horse family), the Sarmatian whale and the lower jaw of a mastodon. The museum also exhibits the upper jaw, teeth and tusks of the southern elephant which lived in our country 600000 years ago and was discovered in Mingachevir in 2001. The museum operates under the auspices of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Azerbaijan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54234401 |
Phasmaviridae is a family of viruses with negative stranded RNA genomes associated with insect hosts. They are a member of the order "Bunyavirales". Phasmaviruses were first discovered in phantom midges of the genus "Chaoborus" in 2014. Five genera are currently recognized in this family. "Ferak feravirus", a member of the genus "Feravirus", has been isolated in cell culture. The virion is enveloped and spherical with a diameter of 80–120 nanometers. The genome has three segments L (6.8 kilobases), M (4.2 kilobases) and S (1.5 kilobases). It encodes five proteins—the polymerase on the L segment, the p12G and the Gc-Gn protein on the M segment and the N and p12 proteins in the S segment. A Gn–Gc glycoprotein dimer binds to the cell receptor. The virus is endocytosed and escapes into the cytoplasm where it replicates. It is released from the cell by budding. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54237207 |
Synestia A synestia is a hypothesized rapidly spinning donut-shaped mass of vaporized rock. In computer simulations of giant impacts of rotating objects, a synestia can form if the total angular momentum is greater than the co-rotational limit. Beyond the co-rotational limit, the velocity at the equator of a body would exceed the orbital velocity. In a synestia, this results in an inner region rotating at a single rate with a loosely connected torus orbiting beyond it. Synestias also have differences in the mantels, both thermally and in their composition, from previous terrestrial evolution models due partially to a lower interior pressure. A synestia is composed of three primary components: the innermost area called the corotating region, a middle area called the transition region, and the area farthest out, known as the disk-like region. The corotating region rotates as a solid body. It is characterized by hot vapor and high entropy levels, as well as higher angular velocities. The transition region is generally a continuous change between the corotating region and ring-like region. Here, in most simulations, the angular velocity and temperature follow a smooth gradient, both decreasing with radius. The temperature gradient is created by the mixture of hot vapor from the inner regions with colder condensed material from farther out. Given time this equilibrates into solely a vapor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54248511 |
Synestia This transitions into the disk-like region whose appearance can vary dramatically with different initial conditions for angular momentum, mass, and entropy. According to studies, synestia was an early-stage process for the formation of the Earth and Moon within the giant-impact hypothesis. In this model, a synestia formed following a collision with an object of high energy and high angular momentum. The synestia's surface temperatures are constrained by the boiling point of rock, around 2,300 kelvins, approximately . As the resulting synestia cooled by radiating heat to space, magma droplets formed in its outer layers and then rained inward over a period of tens of years, causing the synestia to contract. Mass remaining outside the Roche limit of the inner region accreted to form moonlets, and subsequently combined to form our moon. The Earth re-formed later, once the synestia had cooled sufficiently to fall within the co-rotational limit. By this model, the Moon's having formed within a cloud of vapor that originated from the Earth is why its isotopic ratios are similar to those of the Earth. The later formation of the Earth (after the synestia cooled) accounts for its having accreted more volatile elements than the Moon. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54248511 |
NASA Astronaut Group 22 (nicknamed "The Turtles") is a group of twelve astronauts selected in June 2017. NASA announced the creation of this astronaut group in November 2015 and accepted applications for astronaut hires from December 2015 through February 2016. A record number of applications - over 18,300 - were received. The final group of twelve selected candidates was publicly announced on June 7, 2017. The class was introduced at a press conference at the Johnson Space Center by U. S. Vice President Mike Pence. The ages of the seven men and five women ranged from 29 to 42 at the time of announcement. The Group 22 Astronaut Candidates arrived at the Johnson Space Center in Houston for training in August 2017, and when their approximately two-year-long training program was complete in January 2020, they became available for future missions. The group earned their "Turtles" nickname after experiencing flooding from Hurricane Harvey shortly after arriving at NASA.. The name was chosen by the preceding astronaut group, "The 8-Balls", according to NASA traditions. The U.S. astronauts trained alongside two Canadian astronaut candidates: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54250590 |
High flux reactor A "High Flux Reactor" is a type of nuclear research reactor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54252098 |
Peter Drummond (physicist) Peter David Drummond is a physicist and Distinguished Professor in the Centre for Quantum and Optical Science at Swinburne University of Technology. Drummond was born in New Zealand in 1950, and was educated at Auckland University, where he graduated a B. Sc. (Hons), at Harvard where he received an A. M. (masters) degree, and at the University of Waikato in New Zealand, where his D. Phil. degree was supervised by Dan Walls and Crispin Gardiner. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher with Joseph H. Eberly at The University of Rochester, and then as an academic at Auckland University before being appointed to a chair of physics at Queensland University in 1989. He moved to Swinburne University of Technology in 2008. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54252422 |
Raymond Volkas is a theoretical particle physicist from the University of Melbourne. In 2016, Raymond was awarded the Harrie Massey Medal and Prize, jointly by the Institute of Physics(UK) and the Australian Institute of Physics, for his contributions to physics. Raymond is a Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor in the School of Physics, at the University of Melbourne, where he has been a faculty member since 1993. He is the director of the Melbourne Node of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics (established in 2011) and served as head of the School of Physics from 2014 to 2016. Some of Volkas's past awards and achievements include receiving a Queen Elizabeth II Fellowship, the Pawsey Medal which is awarded by the Australian Academy of Science, the Dean's Award for Excellence in Teaching (University of Melbourne) and a Dozor Fellowship from Ben-Gurion University in Israel. He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2010. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54252485 |
KBC Void The (or Local Hole) is an immense, comparatively empty region of space, named after astronomers Ryan Keenan, Amy Barger, and Lennox Cowie, who studied it in 2013. The existence of a local under-density has been the subject of many research papers dating back to the early 1990s. The under-density is proposed to be roughly spherical, approximately 2 billion light-years (600 megaparsecs, Mpc) in diameter. As other voids, it is not completely empty but contains our own galaxy the Milky Way, the Local Group, and a larger part of the Laniakea Supercluster. The Milky Way is within a few hundred million light-years of the void's centre. The existence of supervoids have been shown to be consistent with the standard cosmological model. Galaxies inside a void experience a gravitational pull from outside the void and this yields a larger local value for the Hubble constant, a cosmological measure of how fast the universe expands. Some authors have proposed the structure as the cause of the discrepancy between measurements of the Hubble constant using galactic supernovae and Cepheid variables (72–75 km/s/Mpc) and from the cosmic microwave background and baryon acoustic oscillation data (67–68 km/s/Mpc). However, other work has found no evidence for this in observations, finding the scale of the claimed under-density to be incompatible with observations which extend beyond its radius. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54258215 |
NGC 7029 is part of the Indus Triplet of galaxies which contains the galaxies NGC 7041 and NGC 7049. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54263883 |
Abell 2152 is a bimodal galaxy cluster and one of three clusters comprising the Hercules Supercluster. It contains 3 BCGs; the S0 lenticular UGC 10204, the pair UGC 10187, and the SA0 unbarred lenticular CGCG 108-083. In total there are 41 galaxies which are confirmed to be members of the cluster. The cluster is classified as a Bautz-Morgan type III and Rood-Sastry class F cluster, indicating morphological irregularity and perhaps dynamical youth. It is receding from the Milky Way galaxy with a velocity of 12385 km/s. is the nearest cluster in which significant gravitational lensing of a background source has been observed. The arc-like background galaxy, known as J160529.52+162633.9, lies at a redshift z=0.1423 and has been magnified by a factor ~1.9 due to the lensing effect. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54271259 |
NGC 7077 NGC 7077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54280883 |
Hans Brauns Johannes Heinrich Justus Carl Ernst Brauns (21 March 1857 – 3 February 1929), more known as Hans Brauns, was a German physician and entomologist. Born in Vlotho, Germany, Brauns qualified as Doctor of Medicine in 1894 at the University of Leipzig. He moved to South Africa in 1895, where he practiced medicine and collected insects whenever possible. Most of his entomological research focused on insects of the order Hymenoptera. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54284382 |
Ibn al-Samh Abū al‐Qāsim Aṣbagh ibn Muḥammad ibn al‐Samḥ al‐Gharnāṭī al-Mahri (born 979, Córdoba; died 1035, Granada), also known as Ibn al‐Samḥ, was an Arab mathematician and astronomer in Al-Andalus. He worked at the school founded by Al-Majriti in Córdoba, until political unrest forced him to move to Granada, where he was employed by Ḥabbūs ibn Māksan. He is known for treatises on the construction and use of the astrolabe, as well as the first known work on the planetary equatorium. Furthermore, in mathematics he is remembered for a commentary on Euclid and for contributions to early algebra, among other works. He is one of several writers referred to in Latin texts as "Abulcasim." The exoplanet Samh, also known as Upsilon Andromedae c, is named in his honor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54285532 |
NGC 7098 is a doubled barred spiral galaxy located about 95 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Octans. has an estimated diameter of 152,400 light-years. was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on September 22, 1835. has a very prominent bar that is shaped like a broad oval with very prominent, nearly straight ansae. Surrounding the bar, an inner ring made of four tightly wrapped spiral arms is found. Located outside of the inner ring, a well-defined outer ring surrounding the inner region appears to have formed due to the wrapping of two spiral arms. It appears that both rings are being affected by new star formation. However, there is no star formation in the core of as shown by the absence of dust lanes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54288689 |
Carter–Goddard–Malrieu–Trinquier model The (better known as CGMT model) is a model in inorganic chemistry, used for the description and prediction of distortions in multiple bonding systems of main group elements. The model predicts that if the double bond is homolytically cleaved in a system R R M = MR R, the two carbene analog fragments resulting therefrom can subsequently be present in both a singlet and a triplet state. Independently, however, the basic state of the fragments may be a triplet or a singlet state. EA Carter and WA Goddard III showed that the binding energy E results from the bond dissociation energy E minus the sum of the singlet-triplet excitation energies ΣΔE S → T of the resulting fragments. E = E - ΣΔE . This model was extended by G. Trinquier and J. P. Malrieu by the possibility to make statements about the geometry (characterized by the distance between the metal centers r, and the tilt angle θ) of a double bond system due to ΣΔE . As can be seen in the illustration, a coplanar structure (θ = 0 °) is optimal for triplet fragments . For singlet fragments, however, there is a double donor-acceptor bond with an angle of θ close to 45 °. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54309371 |
Revelation 12 sign prophecy The is an apocalyptic belief that an astronomical alignment on September 23, 2017 fulfilled the first two verses of Revelation 12. This date coincided with the Autumnal equinox and the end of the Catholic September Ember Days. This theory, promoted by some Christians and Christian news organizations, proposed that a literal fulfillment of the prophecy made in the Book of Revelation -2 occurred on this date over Jerusalem. The passage in the Book of Revelation - describes "a woman clothed with sun, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head. She was pregnant and cried out in pain as she was about to give birth." (NIV). Some people believe that an astronomical alignment involving the constellations Virgo and Leo, the sun, moon, and planets Mercury, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter that occurred in September 2017 fulfilled this prophecy word-for-word. The sign is also known as the Woman of the Apocalypse. Some of the most common Christian interpretations of this passage interpret the woman as Mary or ancient Israel, the man child as the incarnate Jesus and the ("teknon") child being the Body of Christ, and the woman's other offspring as the Church that forms during the tribulation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54320963 |
Revelation 12 sign prophecy On April 7, 2011, William Tapley's channel ThirdEagleBooks published the first video about the alignment entitled "Stellarium" giving the 2017 date of the great sign and explaining how the planetary alignment that year matched the text of Revelation 12 better than a 2011 alignments, which he said three earlier videos from other people had mentioned. A few months later, on July 30, 2011, Scott Clarke from ERF Ministries posted a video on YouTube describing the alignment. During 2011, Scott Clarke continued to popularize the alignment on YouTube. On December 10, 2012, Unsealed World News suggested that the purported sign might be connected to the rapture of the Church. Also in 2017, Luis B. Vega connected the sign to a "Conception Comet". The Apocalypse of John describes "a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head." Proponents of the "Revelation 12 Sign" say that the woman represents the constellation Virgo and the crown of twelve stars represents the nine stars of the constellation Leo in conjunction with Mercury, Mars, and Venus. The moon appears to be under the "feet" of the constellation Virgo in September 2017 and the sun will be passing through the constellation, which proponents interpret as the woman being "clothed with the sun". The second verse of the twelfth chapter of John's Apocalypse goes on to say that the woman "was pregnant and cried out in pain as she was about to give birth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54320963 |
Revelation 12 sign prophecy " Some people suggest this will be fulfilled because the planet Jupiter will be traversing the constellation after having undergone apparent retrograde motion after entering what they perceive to be Virgo's "womb" around November 20, 2016. Jupiter exits the lower part of the "womb" 42 weeks later, which is the approximate length of a human gestation (normal gestation periods lasting from 37 to 42 weeks). It was also discovered that the apparent retrograde of Jupiter in the womb of Virgo was preceded by C/2017 E1 (Comet Borisov) which is being called the "Conception Comet". This comet traveled from the loins of the constellation Leo to the womb of the constellation Virgo on November 17, 2016, just before the entrance of Jupiter into the womb. Some proponents of the Revelation 12 Sign are suggesting that this comet represented the divine insemination of the woman, which subsequently produced the male child (Jupiter). This will be the comet's only trip through our solar system as it is not a solar orbital. The complete astronomical alignment occurred on September 23, 2017, over Jerusalem. The Revelation 12 Sign may have coincided with the High Holy Day of Rosh Hashanah on the Jewish calendar, which is also called the "Feast of Trumpets". The Feast of Trumpets is the first of the Fall Feasts and its timing is traditionally based on the visibility of the new moon, which in 2017 is began on the evening of September 20 and ended on the evening of the 22nd | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54320963 |
Revelation 12 sign prophecy Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year celebration, in this case marking the end of the year 5777 (sometimes abbreviated to the significant number 777) and the beginning of 5778. Interpretations of Revelation 12 vary, but the general consensus of those who promoted this theory was that the September 2017 alignment was the Great Sign which is described in this passage of Scripture: that the woman represents the nation of Israel, which they believe is about to enter into a multi-year period of Tribulation, and the male child represents the global Church, which might be raptured to Heaven before the Tribulation period begins according to Revelation 12:5. Many proponents say that in order for people to escape before this impending judgment on the world and be "raptured", they must accept that the Christian Messiah Jesus Christ died for their sins, rose again, and is the only means of being reconciled to God. These views are shared by all of the major proponents of the Revelation 12 Sign Prophecy. The Revelation 12 Sign has received media attention including from "The Washington Post", "The Boston Globe", and "The Catholic Astronomer". A number of critics have offered rebuttals of the purported sign arguing that the sign is not unique or is only astrology. Critics include "Answers in Genesis" author Dr. Danny Faulkner, Christian author Joel Richardson, Jan Markell from Olive Tree Ministries, Christian bible prophecy author Craig C. White, Christian blogger and author Tim McHyde | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54320963 |
Revelation 12 sign prophecy Examples of rebuttals include Faulkner's statement that "Jupiter appears in the part of Virgo corresponding to her womb, along with the sun in Virgo and the moon at her feet for a day or two every 12 years or so", and Craig C. White statement that "the Apostle John says that 'there appeared a great wonder in heaven'. He doesn't say 'there will be a great wonder in heaven'. He doesn't tell us to 'look for a great wonder in heaven'", According to Tim McHydes, "Clarke's theory, like all invented prophecy theories, depends on taking a verse out of its context and re-purposing it to serve some new theory. When you ignore the context of a verse, you are set up to misinterpret it. That's how you turn a solid reliable Bible prophecy into an unreliable quasi-biblical man-made prophecy interpretation." Unsealed World News responded to criticisms by simply reiterating their belief. An AT&T original documentary, "The Sign", explored the intersections of science, religion, and history behind the Revelation 12 debate. It aired on Audience on September 14, 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54320963 |
NGC 7032 is a spiral galaxy located about 140 million light-years away in the constellation Pavo. It has an estimated diameter of 71,370 light-years. was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on July 20, 1835. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54344129 |
LEDA 135657 is a distant low surface brightness spiral galaxy located about 570 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus. It has an estimated diameter of 97,000 light-years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54352461 |
NGC 7033 is a lenticular galaxy located about 390 million light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus. It is part of a pair of galaxies that contains the nearby galaxy NGC 7034. was discovered by astronomer Albert Marth on September 17, 1863. On July 2, 2016 a type 1a supernova designated as SN 2016cyt was discovered in NGC 7033. It had a maximum apparent magnitude of 18.0. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54360773 |
Photomutagenic Photomutagenicity is the property of being photomutagenic, in that when irradiated by visible or UV light, a photomutagenic chemical substance ("e.g"., umbelliferone) - found in or on an organism - can cause mutation(s) of that particular organism. Other photomutagenic substances include furocoumarins and limettin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54366888 |
NGC 473 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Pisces. It was discovered on December 20, 1786 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54368685 |
Sand wave A sand wave is a lower regime sedimentary structure that forms across from tidal currents. Sand waves are formed through the action of the wind or water (through waves or tidal currents). Sand waves form also underwater. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54399746 |
Biotron The is a research facility located at the University of Wisconsin-Madison that "provides controlled environments and climate-controlled greenhouses to support plant, animal, and materials research for university, non-profit, and commercial clients." An evolution of the phytotron, the development of the facility had its roots in the late 1950s as a campaign established by the Botanical Society of America in search of a national phytotron. With additional funding and support by the National Science Foundation the was eventually envisioned as a combination facility that would allow both plant and animal tests to be conducted. Plant physiologist Folke Skoog would be instrumental in bringing the to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. A colleague of Frits Went at Caltech, Skoog oversaw the two proposals the university submitted to the Botanical Society in 1959. The interdisciplinary nature and scope of the project quickly led it to becoming Madison's most expensive facility at around $4.2 million. It was up to Harold Senn, appointed director of the to concentrate on assembling funding, which he was able to accomplish by January 1963, with the Ford Foundation and National Institute of Health contributing to the project. The was officially dedicated on September 18, 1970 with many experiments under precise controlled environmental conditions already under study, such as a lizard in the Palm Springs desert or black-eyed peas growing in hot and humid Nigeria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54424157 |
Biotron When finally completed in 1971, the contained over fifty rooms with many able to variate temperature from as low as -25C to as high as 50C with humidity adjustable anywhere from 1%-100%. Data from the various tests and sensors would then be fed and logged into a PDP-8/E-AA computer. Senn supposedly spent an additional $3,000 of the budget on increasing the computer's memory an extra 4 kilobytes. In 1977, the International Crane Foundation brought endangered Siberian crane eggs from the U.S.S.R. to the for incubation and initial feeding. A hyperbaric chamber was added and used for experiments on the effects of diving on pregnancy. A hypobaric chamber was used for high altitude tests of devices administering doses of vaccines and drugs. Although the went through a period of decline in the 1980s, unlike other facilities it never closed. In 1986, the first experiments using LEDs to grow plants were developed with NASA and tests were performed for the Galileo probe before its 1989 launch. Much of its work in the 1990s partnered with NASA in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) and its goal in researching the viability of certain vegetables for space travel, in particular the potato. Study of animal hibernation were done by ESA for human space exploration. The has 45 rooms that are capable of simulating a range of environmental variables with precision and control. These rooms feature separate air handling and control over the temperature, humidity, and lighting | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54424157 |
Biotron Some rooms specialize in isolation from sound and vibration, electromagnetic radiation, or pressure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54424157 |
Pivaloyl chloride 2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride is a branched-chain acyl chloride. It was first made by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1874 by reacting pivalic acid with phosphorus pentachloride. is used as an input in the manufacture of some drugs, insecticides and herbicides. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54437604 |
LEDA 83677 is a lenticular galaxy located about 290 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is a member of the Coma cluster of galaxies. is also classified as a type 1 Seyfert galaxy. The core of the galaxy is emitting high-energy X-rays and ultraviolet light, probably caused by a massive black hole lurking in the core. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54474403 |
NGC 7603 is a spiral Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It is listed (as Arp 92) in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. It is interacting with the smaller elliptical galaxy PGC 71041 nearby. This galaxy pair has long been a cornerstone for those who are critical of the view that the universe is expanding, and advocates for Non-standard cosmology such as Halton Arp, Fred Hoyle, and others. This is due to position of two quasars, one at each edge of the filament connecting the two galaxies, with much more redshift than either galaxy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54484831 |
NGC 1403 is a lenticular or elliptical galaxy in the constellation Eridanus. It was discovered in 1886 by Francis Preserved Leavenworth. It was thought to be a "very faint, extremely small, nebulous star" by John Louis Emil Dreyer, the compiler of the New General Catalogue. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54484967 |
Paleointensity In geomagnetism, paleointensity (or palaeointensity) is the study of changes in the strength of the geomagnetic field over Earth's history. Émile and Odette Thellier were the first to make laboratory measurements to determine the strength of the ancient field responsible for producing remanent magnetization in a rock or archeological artifacts. Absolute paleointensity determinations involve measurements that attempt to quantify the past field strength that produced a magnetization in a rock or other material that has cooled from a high temperature. Most of these methods involve progressively removing the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) by thermal demagnetization and replacing it with a laboratory thermoremanent magnetization given in a magnetic field of known strength and direction. Various methods for measuring absolute paleointensity include: Relative paleointensity determinations are often used in materials that may be destroyed or strongly altered during heating, such as lake and marine sediments. A measure of relative changes in paleointensity may be obtained by normalizing the NRM by a factor that represents the concentration of magnetic grains in a sample, such as the anhysteretic remanent magnetization. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54512571 |
NGC 1077 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Perseus. It was discovered on 16 August 1886 by Lewis A. Swift. It was described as "very faint, pretty large, extended" by John Louis Emil Dreyer, the compiler of the New General Catalogue. is a galaxy pair with another galaxy appearing close to it. This galaxy, NGC 1077B, has a recessional velocity of 8529 km/s. This is similar to NGC 1077's recessional velocity of 8964 km/s, so they are assumed to be physically related. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54514634 |
Natural History of the Canary Islands () is an illustrated reference work of the natural history of the Canary Islands. It was written by the English botanist Philip Barker-Webb and the French naturalist and ethnologist Sabin Berthelot, in cooperation with several other scientists. It was published in Paris between 1836 and 1850. The work is considered the most important 19th century text about the Canary Islands in the field of natural sciences. The work consists of three main parts and nine volumes: Most of the work is written in French, except the phytography part, which consists of scientific descriptions of plants in Latin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54528145 |
Random sequential adsorption (RSA) refers to a process where particles are randomly introduced in a system, and if they do not overlap any previously adsorbed particle, they adsorb and remain fixed for the rest of the process. RSA can be carried out in computer simulation, in a mathematical analysis, or in experiments. It was first studied by one-dimensional models: the attachment of pendant groups in a polymer chain by Paul Flory, and the car-parking problem by Alfréd Rényi. Other early works include those of Benjamin Widom. In two and higher dimensions many systems have been studied by computer simulation, including in 2d, disks, randomly oriented squares and rectangles, aligned squares and rectangles, various other shapes, etc. An important result is the maximum surface coverage, called the saturation coverage or the packing fraction. On this page we list that coverage for many systems. The blocking process has been studied in detail in terms of the random sequential adsorption (RSA) model. The simplest RSA model related to deposition of spherical particles considers irreversible adsorption of circular disks. One disk after another is placed randomly at a surface. Once a disk is placed, it sticks at the same spot, and cannot be removed. When an attempt to deposit a disk would result in an overlap with an already deposited disk, this attempt is rejected. Within this model, the surface is initially filled rapidly, but the more one approaches saturation the slower the surface is being filled | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54537321 |
Random sequential adsorption Within the RSA model, saturation is sometimes referred to as jamming. For circular disks, saturation occurs at a coverage of 0.547. When the depositing particles are polydisperse, much higher surface coverage can be reached, since the small particles will be able to deposit into the holes in between the larger deposited particles. On the other hand, rod like particles may lead to much smaller coverage, since a few misaligned rods may block a large portion of the surface. For the one-dimensional parking-car problem, Renyi has shown that the maximum coverage is equal to formula_1 the so-called Renyi car-parking constant. Then followed the conjecture of Ilona Palásti, who proposed that the coverage of d-dimensional aligned squares, cubes and hypercubes is equal to θ. This conjecture led to a great deal of work arguing in favor of it, against it, and finally computer simulations in two and three dimensions showing that it was a good approximation but not exact. The accuracy of this conjecture in higher dimensions is not known. For formula_2-mers on a one-dimensional lattice, we have for the fraction of vertices covered, formula_3 When formula_2 goes to infinity, this gives the Renyi result above. For k = 2, this gives the Flory result formula_5. For percolation thresholds related to random sequentially adsorbed particles, see Percolation threshold. Asymptotic behavior: formula_6 . R = size ratio of segments. Assume equal rates of adsorption Asymptotic behavior: formula_7 . For k = ∞, see "2d aligned squares" below | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54537321 |
Random sequential adsorption Asymptotic behavior: formula_9 . See also | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54537321 |
Alan Drysdall Alan Roy Drysdall (1934 – 11 January 2017) was an English geologist who worked in southern Africa. The mineral Drysdallite was named after him. Drysdall was a noted philatelist and a signatory to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists. was born in Southampton in 1933. He received his doctorate in Geology from the University of Southampton in 1957. Drysdall was the director of the Zambian geological survey. The mineral Drysdallite was named after him. Outside work, Drysdall was a noted philatelist who was a stalwart of the Rhodesia, Transvall and Natal Study Circles. He signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 2003. He also signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists of Southern Africa. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54541050 |
Cristina Sánchez (molecular biologist) Dr. Cristina Sánchez is a Spanish molecular biologist. She was born in Madrid, Spain in 1971. She graduated from biology at the Complutense University of Madrid in 1994. She obtained her PhD with Honors in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Complutense University in 2000 and went into postdoc studying the antitumoral and other properties of medical cannabis, especially cancer and the therapeutic qualities of cannabinoids. She has been vocal about popularizing the healing apoptotic effect of cannabinoids on cannabinoid receptor containing cancer cells while leaving the healthy cannabinoid receptor containing cells be. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54541552 |
EPS Statistical and Nonlinear Physics Prize The is a biannual award by the European Physical Society (EPS) given since 2017. Its aim is to recognize outstanding research contributions in the area of statistical physics, nonlinear physics, complex systems, and complex networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54547057 |
Saraswati Supercluster The is a massive galaxy supercluster about 1.2 gigaparsecs (4,000 million light years) away within the Stripe 82 region of SDSS, in the direction of the constellation Pisces. It is one of the largest structures found in the universe, with a major axis in diameter of about 200 Mpc (652 million light years). It consists of at least 43 galaxy clusters, and has the mass of , forming a galaxy filament. The Saraswati supercluster was discovered by a team of astrophysicists from the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics and Indian Institute of Science Education and Research led by J. Bagchi and colleagues in Pune, India. Analyzing the data of Stripe 82 of the comprehensive Sloan Digital Sky Survey, particularly the sets of LOWZ data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, part of the DR12 catalogue of the SDSS, the team discovered an overdensity of the sampled 625 galaxies from LOWZ and 3,016 from the LEGACY-BOSS-SOUTHERN, a survey of the southern sky that is also a part of SDSS DR12. It was discovered in 2017. The is one of the largest and most massive superclusters known, comparable to the massive Shapley Concentration in the nearby universe. The supercluster consists of 43 massive galaxy clusters, which include Abell 2361 and ZWCl 2341.1+0000. It is surrounded by a network of galaxy filaments, clusters, and voids | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54550764 |
Saraswati Supercluster The Saraswati supercluster and its environs reveal that some extreme large-scale, prominent matter density enhancements had formed in the past when dark energy had just started to dominate structure formation. This galactic concentration sheds light on the role of dark energy and cosmological initial conditions in supercluster formation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54550764 |
Dave Rahm David "Dave" Rahm (1931–1976), nicknamed "the Flying Professor", was an American geologist, professor and stunt pilot. He taught at Western Washington State University and was a visiting professor of geology at the University of Jordan. Rahm lived in Anacortes, Washington. Rahm met King Hussein of Jordan in 1974 at the Abbotsford Air Show in British Columbia. Hussein asked him to come to Jordan and train the Royal Jordanian Falcons aerobatics team. Rahm was killed in a crash in the summer of 1976 while performing with co-display pilot, Steve Wolf in Amman, Jordan. Rahm died performing a dual routine with Steve Wolf of a Hammerhead maneuver in an S2 Pitts Special. Rahm's wife, Katy Rahm, and King Hussein were both present. Writer Annie Dillard wrote an essay about Rahm called "The Stunt Pilot", reprinted as the last chapter of her collection, "The Writing Life". Rahm's widow later wrote a memoir, "Flying High: Soaring Above the Tragedies of Life". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54552914 |
Komar superpotential In general relativity, the Komar superpotential, corresponding to the invariance of the Hilbert-Einstein Lagrangian formula_1, is the tensor density: associated with a vector field formula_3, and where formula_4 denotes covariant derivative with respect to the Levi-Civita connection. The Komar two-form: where formula_6 denotes interior product, generalizes to an arbitrary vector field formula_7 the so-called above Komar superpotential, which was originally derived for timelike Killing vector fields. is affected by the anomalous factor problem: In fact, when computed, for example, on the Kerr-Newman solution, produces the correct angular momentum, but just one-half of the expected mass. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54556438 |
Incensole Insensole is an organic compound that is found as its acetate ester in some frankinsence. It is a diterpene alcohol. The formula of insensole is CHO acetate Its effects on animals have been studied. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54561744 |
Marie-Josée Fortin is an Ecologist and Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto. Fortin holds the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Spatial Ecology at the University of Toronto. In 2016, she was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Fortin completed her BSc (1983) and her MSc (1986) at the Université de Montréal. In 1992 she received a PhD from the State University of New York, where she was Robert Sokal's last doctoral student. She then went on to do a Postdoctoral Fellowship (1992-1994) at Université Laval. Fortin focuses her current research on four subject areas: spatial ecology, spatial and landscape statistics, conservation, as well as disturbance ecology. These subjects include disciplines such as spatially-explicit modeling, spatial epidemiology, forest ecology, network theory, landscape genetics and geography. This research focuses on the maintenance of biodiversity within ecosystems and appropriate conservation strategies for species affected by land use and climate change. This includes the analyses of how environmental factors and ecological processes affect the movement, persistence, and range dynamics of species at the landscape and geographical range in both forested and aquatic environments. Since 1987, Fortin has contributed to a large number of publications in books as well as scientific journals involving ecology and conservation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54563599 |
Marie-Josée Fortin This includes over 160 peer-reviewed papers and the co-authoring of the book "Spatial Analysis: A Guide for Ecologists", which included the 1st and 2nd editions published in 2005 and 2014. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54563599 |
G18P or RVA/pigeon-wt/AUS/VIC/2016/G18P[17] is a strain of "Rotavirus A" infecting and killing domestic pigeons. This disease is found in Western Australia, Victoria, and South Australia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54564975 |
Biological hermeneutics is the transdisciplinary study of written and printed media using artistic and scientific methods to trace the biological history of the text. For more on transdisciplinary study see transdisciplinarity. came into being after the development of the microscope during the seventeenth century. The most celebrated practitioner Robert Hooke devoted two of his 'Schema' of his ground breaking book "Micrographia" to the study of the microbiome of the book. Schema 12 was drawn from studying the red covers of a ‘small book’ which he judged to be made of ‘Sheeps skin’, he found:… a small white spot of hairy mould, multitudes of which I found to bespeck & whiten [the book]. These spots appear’d, through a good Microscope, to be a very pretty shap’d Vegetative body, which, from almost the same part of the Leather, shot out multitudes of small long cylindrical and transparent stalks … Schema 33 is dedicated to "'the study of the small silver coloured" book-worm'. The development of the discipline stalled however with the ascendance of Sir Isaac Newton to the presidency of the Royal Society where he 'did much to obscure Hooke' | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54568999 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.