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Biological hermeneutics A collection of books maintaining the investigation of the transdiscipline can be found at Chetham's Library where the practice was developed from Hooke's initial investigations through the collecting policy of successive librarians who 'set out to acquire a major collection of books and manuscripts that would cover the whole range of available knowledge and would rival the college libraries of Oxford and Cambridge' In order to collect biological material for later study books were sent out into the community as parish libraries. Gorton library is the last surviving example and has yet to be investigated using Biological Hermeneutic techniques. In 1831 the foundation of the British Association for the Advancement of Science led to the popularisation of science and enabled a wider group to undertake their own investigations outside of the Royal Society creating a space for the further development of the practice. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54568999 |
Kola Alkaline Province The or Kola Alkaline Carbonatite Province is a discontiguous group of unusual igneous rocks centered in the Kola Peninsula of Russia and with ouliers in nearby areas of Finland and in Arkhangelsk Oblast across the White Sea. The province is made up of alkaline-ultramafic rock complexes often associated to carbonatites and stand-alone dykes and pipes made up of carbonatites, kimberlites and similar rocks. To this it adds the large nepheline syenite bodies of the Lovozero Massif and the Khibiny Mountains. An estimate puts the total volume of the rocks of the at 15,000 ±2,700 km. The more mafic silicate rocks of the province originated from small degrees of partial melting in a source region in Earth's mantle made up of garnet-bearing peridotite. The lithosphere had thicknesses similar to present-day (200 km) conditions when magmas originated in the Devonian. Prior to Devonian magmatism the Kola and Karelia region had experienced a long history of low-frenquency alkaline and carbonatite volcanism. The Permian rocks of the is commonly presumed to represent an igneous hotspot created by a mantle plume. The relation of to other igneous or tectonic features is not clear. Some have suggested a link to the Permian Dnieper-Donets Rift while others have considered it as part of a much larger a "North Atlantic Alkaline Province". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54578497 |
Plastic colorant Plastic colorants are chemical compounds used to color plastic. Those compounds come in a form of dyes and pigments. The type of a colorant is chosen based on the type of a polymeric resin, that needs to be colored. Dyes are usually used with polycarbonates, polystyrene and acrylic polymers. Pigments are better suited for use with polyolefins. The colorant must satisfy various constraints, for example, the compound must be chemically compatible with the base resin, be a suitable match with a color standard (see e.g. International Color Consortium), be chemically stable, which in this case means being able to survive the stresses and processing temperature (heat stability) in the fabrication process and be durable enough to match the life duration of the product. The parameters of the compound vary with a desired effect, which may include the final product being pearlescent, metallic, fluorescent, phosphorescent, thermochromic or photochromic. The exact chemical formula will furthermore depend on the type of application: general purpose, food contact item, toy, package subject to CONEG, etc. Different methods for delivering colorants in molding plastics include masterbatches (concentrates), a method which, which involves a concentrate being separated into resin, cube blends ("salt & pepper mixes" - dry blending) which are natural polymers, already sprayed into natural polymers, surface coating, and precolored resins, which involve using precolored materials to make manufacturing cheaper. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54588808 |
Cellular thermal shift assay CEllular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) is a patented label free method that has enabled measurements of compound target engagement in intact cells and tissue, without modifications to the target protein. This is accomplished by comparing the measured cellular thermal stability of the protein in the presence and absence of the test compound. An efficacious compound binding to its intended target will affect associated proteins and thereby leave traces in the cell in form of changed signalling patterns. Such patterns can arise from for example loss or gain of protein-protein interactions, phosphorylations or release of regulatory molecules. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54605444 |
Caelum Supercluster The Caelum Supercluster, also known as SCl 59, may be a massive supercluster; spanning 910 million light-years, it is perhaps the largest galaxy supercluster in the universe. It has a mass of 2×10 solar masses, 1.7 times the mass of Laniakea Supercluster and of Horologium Supercluster. It is centered on coordinates right ascension and declination . The nearest part of the supercluster is 1.4 billion light-years away from Earth, while the far end of it is 2.31 billion light-years, visible in the constellations Caelum. The has about 8,300 galaxy groups (50,000 giant galaxies and 500,000 dwarf galaxies). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54607699 |
John Gordon Rushbrooke (1936–2003) was an Australian particle physicist. The son of Neil and Vera Rushbrooke, with four sisters, Rushbrooke was born in Geelong in 1936 and was brought up there. He attended Geelong Grammar School, where he was at the top of every class. Rushbrooke went on to Trinity College in Perth, graduating with a BSc in 1956. This was followed by a master's degree at Australia's first cyclotron, where he began his work as a high-energy physicist. His thesis from the University of Melbourne was on Coulomb excitations of the atom. In 1959 Rushbrooke won a scholarship that took him to King's College, Cambridge. Following work at the Cavendish Laboratory and completion of his PhD, Rushbrooke spent a year at CERN in Geneva before returning to Cambridge to take up a fellowship at Downing College as director of studies in physics. For five years from 1977 he was on leave from his duties at Cambridge, based again at CERN, where he became the spokesperson for the UA5 collaboration. The UA5 experiment searched for Centauro events at the Proton-Antiproton Collider, a modification of the Super Proton Synchrotron. In 1983 Rushbrooke was promoted to a readership in physics at Cambridge, and in 1991 the university conferred on him a second doctorate. During the 1990s Rushbrooke worked on commercializing technology from scanning techniques developed at CERN. He moved to California in 2000 after securing a contract with a major US company. Rushbrooke died in California in 2003, at the age of 67. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54614031 |
Vaughan–Preston gap In astronomy, the refers to the absence of F-, G- and K-type stars with intermediate levels of magnetic activity. That is, Vaughan and Preston noted two groups of stars with either high or low levels of activity, separated by an apparent gap. There remains no consensus on the cause of the gap. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54638936 |
Kraft break In astronomy, the refers to the abrupt decrease in stars' average rotation rates at surface temperatures of about 6200 kelvin. The so-called "break" was first noted by the astronomer Robert Kraft. The break is understood to separate stars with deep convective envelopes and efficient magnetic dynamos from those without. The dynamos are thought to maintain magnetic fields that transfer angular momentum to the stellar wind, thus slowing down the star's surface through magnetic braking. In hot stars the process is less efficient (because the convective envelopes are shallow) so the stars continue to rotate quickly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54647877 |
Lithos (journal) Lithos is a peer-reviewed academic journal, publishing original research papers on the petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of igneous and metamorphic rocks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54654308 |
MCG+07-33-027 is an isolated spiral galaxy located about 330 million light-years away in the constellation Hercules. It has a very high rate of star formation which would make it a starburst galaxy. Normally, starburst galaxies are triggered by the collision of another galaxy. However most galaxies are in groups or clusters, while is solitary. Therefore, the cause of the starburst was not due to a collision or by the passing of a nearby galaxy and so the cause of the activity remains unknown. On April 2, 2005 a supernova of type Ic was discovered in MCG+07-33-027. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54668072 |
NGC 7095 is a barred spiral galaxy located about 115 million light-years away in the constellation of Octans. was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on September 21, 1837. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54706548 |
Hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis The hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis (HPS axis), or hypothalamic–pituitary–somatic axis, also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–growth axis, is a hypothalamic–pituitary axis which includes the secretion of growth hormone (GH; somatotropin) from the somatotropes of the pituitary gland into the circulation and the subsequent stimulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-1) production by GH in tissues such as, namely, the liver. Other hypothalamic–pituitary hormones such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH; somatocrinin), growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH; somatostatin), and ghrelin () are involved in the control of GH secretion from the pituitary gland. The HPS axis is involved in postnatal human growth. Individuals with growth hormone deficiency or Laron syndrome ( insensitivity) show symptoms like short stature, dwarfism and obesity, but are also protected from some forms of cancer. Conversely, acromegaly and gigantism are conditions of GH and IGF-1 excess usually due to a pituitary tumor, and are characterized by overgrowth and tall stature. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54710618 |
Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis The hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis (HPP axis), also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–mammary axis or hypothalamic–pituitary–breast axis, is a hypothalamic–pituitary axis which includes the secretion of prolactin (PRL; luteotropin) from the lactotrophs of the pituitary gland into the circulation and the subsequent action of prolactin on tissues such as, particularly, the mammary glands or breasts. It is involved in lobuloalveolar maturation of the mammary glands during pregnancy and the induction and maintenance of lactation following parturition. Hormones that control the secretion of prolactin from the pituitary gland include dopamine ("prolactin-inhibiting factor", or "PIF"), estradiol, progesterone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54711018 |
Shen Panwen (; 7 September 1916 – 4 July 2017) was a Chinese chemist. Shen was born in September 1916 in Jilin City, Jilin, with his ancestral home in Conghua, Guangzhou and studied chemistry at National Southwestern Associated University. He taught at Nanjing University and was named an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980. Shen died at the age of 100 on 4 July 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54719598 |
Arsonium The arsonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula . An arsonium salt is a salt containing either the arsonium () cation, such as arsonium bromide () and arsonium iodide (), which can be synthesized by reacting arsine with hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide.. Or more commonly, as organic derivative such as the quaternary arsonium salts (CAS: [123334-18-9], hydrate form) and the zwitterionic compound arsenobetaine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54731628 |
Kleinite is a rare mineral that has only been found in the United States and Germany that occurs in hydrothermal mercury deposits. It occurs associated with calcite, gypsum and (rarely) barite or calomel. Its color can range from pale yellow/canary yellow to orange, and it is transparent to translucent. As a photosensitive mineral, its coloration darkens when exposed to light. It has been hypothesized that kleinite formed through a "reaction of cinnabar with oxidized meteoric water", with this reaction being the source of kleinite's nitrogen. is named after Carl Klein (1842–1907), who was a professor of mineralogy at the University of Berlin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54741670 |
Topostratigraphy () is a method of establishing stratigraphical units based on a mix of biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy. It is used locally in the Baltic region to study the Ordovician-aged sedimentary rock. In topostratgraphy the ages of units is defined with the aid of fossils and its extent is known from its rock type. The concept works better in Ordovician rocks in Estonia than in Sweden. This is because in Ordovician rock outcrops of Estonia changes in biostratigraphy are usually matched by changes in lithostratigraphy. In Sweden topostratigraphical units are mostly based on biostratigraphy as lithological variations are few, making topostratigraphy problematic as units are named after lithology. Having been in use since the 1950s the term was introduced into Swedish in 1960 by Swedish-Estonian geologist Valdar Jaanusson. As of 2011 topostratigraphy was being replaced as method but had still some significance due to its historical usage. The Committee for Swedish Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences argues against its use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54752643 |
Valdar Jaanusson (1923–1999) was an Estonian-Swedish geologist. In 1960 he introduced the concept of topostratigraphy into Swedish stratigraphy. A recognized expert on the geology of the Ordovician period, he was member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54753353 |
Hydrogenobacter is a genus of bacteria, one of the few in the phylum Aquificae. Type species is "H. thermophilus". This genus belongs to "Bacteria" as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54755318 |
John Charles Manning (born 1962) is a South African botanist based in the Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch, South Africa. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54768913 |
Curt Fredén (born 1937) is a Swedish Quaternary geologist. Most of his work has centered on the Holocene geology of the Baltic Sea. He was a member of the landslide commission () that existed from 1988 to 1996. In 2002 he was awarded the prize Geologist of the Year () by Naturvetarna. He has been editor for "Berg och jord", the geology volume of the Swedish National Atlas and worked on various geological maps of Quaternary deposits. Fredén was one of geologists who helped make the High Coast a World Heritage Site. Fredén has notably contributed to advance the understanding of the "enigmatic" Ancylus Lake and to discard the controversial Sveafallen at Degerfors as the lake's outlet. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54773435 |
Carl-Olof Morfeldt (1919–2003) was a Swedish geologist and businessman. He was a founder and CEO of Hagconsult AB, an enterprise dedicated to geotechnical consultancy. In 1964, he became also its majority shareholder. Morfeldt was the foremost authority on geotechnical studies for building in Sweden. An expert on building tunnels and rooms in bedrock, Morfeldt was awarded an honorary doctorate from Chalmers University of Technology in 1979. In 1999, he was awarded the prize Geologist of the Year () by Naturvetarna. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54773669 |
NGC 5949 is a dwarf spiral galaxy located about 44 million light years away in the constellation of Draco. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54796069 |
Light curve (botany) In botany, a light curve shows the photosynthetic response of leaf tissue or algal communities to varying light intensities. The shape of the curve illustrates the principle of limiting factors; in low light levels, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the concentration of chlorophyll and the efficiency of the light-dependent reactions, but in higher light levels it is limited by the efficiency of RuBisCo and the availability of carbon dioxide. The point on the curve where these two differing slopes meet is called the light saturation point and is where the light-dependent reactions are producing more ATP and NADPH than can be utilized by the light-independent reactions. Since photosynthesis is also limited by ambient carbon dioxide levels, light curves are often repeated at several different constant carbon dioxide concentrations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54816006 |
Gray Brechin Gray A. Brechin (born September 2, 1947) is an American geologist, architectural historian, and English-language author. He is the founder, and the project scholar, of the Living New Deal Project. Brechin is a frequent and popular speaker, especially on subjects related to the history and legacy of the New Deal and the history of San Francisco. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54823544 |
Koval'sky (crater) Koval'sky is an impact crater on Mars, located in the southernmost area of the Memnonia quadrangle at 29.56° south and longitude 141.54° west. It measures approximately 297 kilometers in diameter. Its name refers to Polish–Russian astronomer Marian Kowalski (1821–1884). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54823928 |
Luzin (crater) Luzin is an impact crater on Mars, located in the Arabia quadrangle at 27.1°N latitude and 31.3°E longitude. It measures 101 kilometers in diameter. Its name refers to Russian mathematician Nikolai Luzin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54824944 |
Martynov (crater) Martynov is a crater in the Argyre quadrangle on Mars, located at 30.36° south latitude and 36.41° west longitude. It is 61 km in diameter, Its name refers to Dmitry Yakovlevich Martynov, a Russian astronomer (1906–1989). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54825857 |
Moanda (crater) Moanda is an impact crater in the Argyre quadrangle of Mars, located at 35.93°S and 39.95°W. Moanda Crater is 38.88 km in diameter and was named after Moanda, a town in Gabon. Its zone of impact is often referred to the Moanda Crater-Valley System (MCVS). The name Moanda was approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) working group for Planetary System Nomenclature in July 2012. The decision to name a small crater on Mars after a village on earth is a new rule set up by the IAU. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54826019 |
Perrotin (Martian crater) Perrotin is a crater in the Coprates quadrangle of Mars, located at 2.82°S latitude and 77.94°W longitude. It is 82.82 km in diameter and was named after Henri A. Perrotin, a French astronomer who studied dark lineations on the planet. Its name was approved in 1988. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54832345 |
PGC 54493 is a barred spiral galaxy located about 490 million light-years away in the constellation Serpens. It is part of a galaxy group called Abell 2052. It has an estimated diameter of 140,000 light-years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54841977 |
NGC 469 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces. With its distance being approximately 167 million light-years from Earth, it was discovered by Albert Marth in 1864. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54892406 |
Roch Roszczak (4 August 1906 - 8 May 1986) was a Polish zoologist. Roszczak worked in Zakład Morfologii Zwierzat at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54934375 |
NGC 2503 is an isolated spiral galaxy approximately 254 million light-years away in the constellation Cancer. The galaxy was discovered on February 17, 1865 by astronomer Albert Marth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54934709 |
Infectious tolerance is a term referring to a phenomenon where a tolerance-inducing state is transferred from one cell population to another. It can be induced in many ways; although it is often artificially induced, it is a natural "in vivo" process. A number of research deal with the development of a strategy utilizing this phenomenon in transplantation immunology. The goal is to achieve long-term tolerance of the transplant through short-term therapy. The term "infectious tolerance" was originally used by Gershon and Kondo in 1970 for suppression of naive lymphocyte populations by cells with regulatory function and for the ability to transfer a state of unresponsiveness from one animal to another. Gershon and Kondo discovered that T cells can not only amplify but also diminish immune responses. The T cell population causing this down-regulation was called suppressor T cells and was intensively studied for the following years (nowadays they are called regulatory T cells and are again a very attractive for research). These and other research in the 1970s showed greater complexity of immune regulation, unfortunately these experiments were largely disregarded, as methodological difficulties prevented clear evidence. Later developed new tolerogenic strategies have provided strong evidence to re-evaluate the phenomenon of T cell mediated suppression, in particular the use of non-depleting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating that neither thymus nor clonal deletion is necessary to induce tolerance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54976874 |
Infectious tolerance In 1989 was successfully induced classical transplantation tolerance to skin grafts in adult mice using antibodies blocking T cell coreceptors in CD4+ populations. Later was shown that the effect of monoclonal antibodies is formation of regulatory T lymphocytes. It has been shown that transfer of tolerance to other recipients can be made without further manipulation and that this tolerance transfer depends only on CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Because second-generation tolerance arises in the absence of any monoclonal antibodies to CD4 or CD8, it probably represents a natural response of the immune system, which, once initiated, becomes self-sustaining. This ensures the long duration of once induced tolerance, for as long as the donor antigens are present. During a tolerant state potential effector cells remain but are tightly regulated by induced antigen-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells (iTregs). Many subsets of iTregs play a part in this proces, but CD4CD25FoxP3 Tregs play a key role, because they have the ability to convert conventional T cells into iTregs directly by secretion of the suppressive cytokines TGF-β, IL-10 or IL-35, or indirectly via dendritic cells (DCs). Production of IL-10 induces the formation of another population of regulatory T cells called Tr1. Tr1 cells are dependent on IL-10 and TGF-β as well as Tregs, but differ from them by lacking expression of Foxp3. High IL-10 production is characteristic for Tr1 cells themselves and they also produce TGF-β | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54976874 |
Infectious tolerance In the presence of IL-10 can be also induced tolerogenic DCs from monocytes, whose production of IL-10 is also important for Tr1 formation. These interactions lead to the production of enzymes such as IDO (indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase) that catabolize essential amino acids. This microenvironment with a lack of essential amino acids together with other signals results in mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibition which, particularly in synergy with TGF-β, direct the induction of new FoxP3 (forkhead box protein 3) expressing Tregs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54976874 |
NGC 470 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces. Its distance being approximately 91 million lightyears from earth, it was discovered by Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel in 1784. The galaxy also weakly interacts with NGC 474. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54988304 |
Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Province The is a coastal plain floristic province within the North American Atlantic Region, a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom. It lies to the east and south of the Appalachian Province, from southern Nova Scotia to eastern Texas. It encompasses the Atlantic coastal plain minus central and southern Florida, and the Gulf coastal plain as far west as eastern Texas. Additionally, at the Mississippi Embayment the province stretches up to the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in Cairo, Illinois. Although no floristic treatment has been attempted on the province, it was designated the 36th biodiversity hotspot in 2016 due to having more than 1,500 endemic plant species combined with 70% habitat loss. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54991094 |
Appalachian Province The is a floristic province within the North American Atlantic Region, a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom. It was historically covered by deciduous forest. The province includes southern Ontario and Quebec, down to central Georgia and Alabama. It includes most of Arkansas, part of eastern Texas, and stretches west through the Ouachita Mountains, Ozark Plateau, eastern Iowa, and southeastern Minnesota. It is bounded on the north by the Canadian Province, on the east and south by the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Province, and on the west by the North American Prairies Province. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54991096 |
PGC 1 is a radio galaxy located about 1.1 billion light-years away in the constellation Pisces. appears to have a companion galaxy called SDSS J235958.29+004208.6. However, the difference in the recessional velocities for the two galaxies corresponds to about 55 million light years difference in distance, so it is possible that they may not be a physical pair, but however they are essentially the same distance. has a radio jet coming out of its center. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54992733 |
Aneta Stodolna Aneta Sylwia Stodolna is a Polish physicist known for being the first person to successfully use a quantum microscope to image electrons in a hydrogen atom. Stodolna earned her Ph.D. from Radboud University in 2014. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55032310 |
Edward A. Murphy (chemist) Edward Arthur Murphy was a Dunlop researcher credited with the invention of latex foam, first marketed as Dunlopillo Murphy worked for Dunlop in Birmingham, UK. He is listed as an inventor on more than 40 patents. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55036321 |
Geological Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on Geology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55051596 |
Vitaly Napadow is a Ukrainian-born American neuroscientist and acupuncturist. He is associate professor at Harvard Medical School and the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging. He is also the director of the Center for Integrative Pain NeuroImaging and the co-president of the Society for Acupuncture Research. He is known for researching acupuncture and its effects on the brain. He has also researched the effects of nausea on brain activation, and differences in resting state brain connectivity associated with the intensity of spontaneous fibromyalgia pain. Napadow received his master's degree in acupuncture from the New England School of Acupuncture in 2002 and his Ph.D. from the Harvard–MIT Program of Health Sciences and Technology in 2001. He joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School in 2004 as an instructor in radiology, where he became an assistant professor of anesthesiology in 2010 and an associate professor of radiology in 2014. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55052879 |
ESO 269-57 is a large spiral galaxy located about 150 million light-years away in the constellation Centaurus. has a diameter of about 200,000 light-years. It is part of group of galaxies known as LGG 342. has an inner ring surrounding its bright center. The ring is made up of several tightly wound spiral arms. Surrounding the inner ring, there are two outer arms which are made up of star-forming regions that appear to split into several branches of arms. On March 3, 1992 a type Ia supernova was discovered in ESO 269-57. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55053362 |
Upendranath Kanjilal Upendra Nath Kanjilal, or U.N. Kanjilal (1859–1928) was an Indian botanist and forest officer. He published numerous botanical works. He was given the title of Rai Bahadur in 1911. Kanjilal was born in 1859 to a family who advised King Adisor of Gaur. He studied at the Mahratta School in Jessore, the Hetrampur school in Birbhum and the Presidency College in Calcutta followed by the Imperial Forest School at Dehra Dun. He became a forest officer and rose to the position of Extra Deputy Conservator of Forests. He was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1902. He died in 1928 while he was working on the "Flora of Assam". The work was completed by his son P. C. Kanjilal a forest officer serving in Uttar Pradesh. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55054693 |
Neutron embrittlement Neutron embrittlement, sometimes more broadly radiation embrittlement, is the embrittlement of various materials due to the action of neutrons. This is primarily seen in nuclear reactors, where the release of high-energy neutrons causes the long-term degradation of the reactor materials. The embrittlement is caused by the microscopic movement of atoms that are hit by the neutrons; this same action also gives rise to neutron-induced swelling causing materials to grow in size, and the Wigner effect causing energy buildup in certain materials that can lead to sudden releases of energy. mechanisms include: Neutron irradiation embrittlement limits the service life of reactor-pressure vessels (RPV) in nuclear power plants due to the degradation of reactor materials. In order to perform at high efficiency and safely contain coolant water at temperatures around 290ºC and pressures of ~7 MPa (for boiling water reactors) to 14 MPa (for pressurized water reactors), the RPV must be heavy-section steel. Due to regulations, RPV failure probabilities must be very low. To achieve sufficient safety, the design of the reactor assumes large cracks and extreme loading conditions. Under such conditions, a probable failure mode is rapid, catastrophic fracture if the vessel steel is brittle. Tough RPV base metals that are typically used are A302B, A533B plates, or A508 forgings; these are quenched and tempered, low-alloy steels with primarily tempered bainitic microstructures | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55071594 |
Neutron embrittlement Over the past few decades, RPV embrittlement has been addressed by the use of tougher steels with lower trace impurity contents, the decrease of neutron flux that the vessel is subject to, and the elimination of beltline welds. However, embrittlement remains an issue for older reactors. Pressurized water reactors are more susceptible to embrittlement than boiling water reactors. This is due to PWRs sustaining more neutron impacts. To counteract this, many PWRs have a specific core design that reduces the number of neutrons hitting the vessel wall. Moreover, PWR designs must be especially mindful of embrittlement because of pressurized thermal shock, an accident scenario that occurs when cold water enters a pressurized reactor vessel, introducing large thermal stress. This thermal stress may cause fracture if the reactor vessel is sufficiently brittle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55071594 |
Robert Burn (naturalist) Robert Burn (born 1937) is an Australian naturalist and citizen scientist. He has described approximately 100 species of nudibranchs and has co-authored around 100 papers published in scientific journals spanning sixty years. He is the leading living discoverer of nudibranch species in Victoria, Australia. His first solo publication, "Nudibranchs and related molluscs", was published by CSIRO Publishing in February 2016. The nudibranch genus "Burnaia" is named in his honor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55082248 |
Georg Statz (1894–1945) was a school teacher and taxonomist who published widely on fossil insects from the Oligocene Rott Formation of Germany (Rott am Siebengbirge). Known as the "Statz Collection", his fossils are reposited at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the Institüt fur Paläontologie, Universität Bonn. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55089508 |
Anthropomaximology According to the International Federation of Kinesiology, anthropomaximology is the study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement, especially in humans, and its application to the evaluation and treatment of muscular imbalance or derangement. The concept was developed in the USSR during the 1970s–1980s as a result of numerous Olympic victories. The Soviets utilized anthropomaximology in their athletic training, combining rigorous physical exercise with mental training techniques which allowed the competitors to tap into "hidden reserves" and surpass other athletes' endurance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55092696 |
John Walton (entomologist) John Walton (23 July 1784, Knaresborough, Yorkshire- 3 January 1862, Knaresborough) was an English entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera especially Curculionidae. His collection is held by the Natural History Museum, London John Walton was educated in first in Knaresborough then in London where he studied Chemistry at the Mathematical Society of Spitalfields , then applying his science to sugar refining in his uncles refinery based in Whitechapel whom he succeeded in that lucrative business. By then wealthy he retired in 1832 to devote himself to entomology. He corresponded with Carl Johan Schönherr, Ernst Friedrich Germar and Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat exchanging specimens with all three. He was a fellow of the Entomological Society and the Linnaean Society. partial list Walton, J. 1844 Notes on the Synonymy of the Genus "Apion", with Descriptions of Five new Species "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" Series 1 Volume 13, 1844 - Issue 8 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55101633 |
Philipp Wilbrand Jacob Müller (4 October 1771, Odenbach (Glan), Pfalz–1851, Odenbach an der Glan) was a German entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. He was a Reformed Church priest. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55113856 |
Middlebackite is an organic mineral with the formula CuCO(OH). It was first discovered within a boulder from the Iron Monarch quarry in South Australia in June 1990. Peter Elliott from the University of Adelaide, Australia, identified the structure of the mineral 25 years later. He determined its crystal structure through single-crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Elliot named the mineral for the Middleback Range where it originated. In 2018 middlebackite was found in Val di Fiemme, Italy, during researches that brought to the discovery of a new mineral named fiemmeite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55116320 |
Solid phase sequencing The principle of solid phase DNA sequencing was described in 1989 based on binding of biotinylated DNA to streptavidin coated magnetic beads and elution of one DNA strands selectively using alkali. The method allowed robotic applications suitable for clinical sequencing, but the magnetic handling has also found frequent use in many molecular applications, including sample handling for DNA diagnostics. The use of solid phase methods for DNA handling is now frequently used as an integrated part of many of the next generation DNA sequencing methods, as well as numerous molecular diagnostics applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55123599 |
NGC 5559 is a spiral galaxy, located 240 million light-years away in the constellation of Boötes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55138738 |
Sociedade Astronômica Brasileira The (SAB; Brazilian Astronomical Society) is a professional astronomical society in Brazil. It was founded in 1974. In addition to symposia, working meetings and contact services, it also holds annual meetings, which have taken place in: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55149313 |
Organoneptunium chemistry is the chemical science exploring the properties, structure and reactivity of organoneptunium compounds, which are organometallic compounds containing a carbon to neptunium chemical bond. Several such compounds exist even though the element itself, neptunium, is man-made and highly radioactive: tricyclopentadienylneptunium-chloride, tetrakis(cyclopentadienyl)neptunium(IV) and neptunocene Np(CH). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55161075 |
Martin Gellert Martin Frank Gellert (born 1929) is a Czechoslovak-born American molecular biologist who is a past president of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He graduated from Harvard University in 1950 with an A.B. His doctorate was completed at Columbia University in 1956. In 1985 he won the Richard Lounsbery Award jointly with Thomas Maniatis for "their seminal contributions to our understanding of the structure and function of DNA, which were essential and fundamental to the development of recombinant DNA techniques." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55163082 |
Henri Korn is a neuroscientist with the Pasteur Institute. In 1992 he won the Richard Lounsbery Award jointly with Philippe Ascher for "their discoveries of the mechanisms of synaptic transmission. Philippe Asher furthered knowledge regarding the properties of glutamate receptors which play an important role in trials, and brought to light the elementary liberation of neurotransmitter in quanta form in the central nervous system of vertebrates." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55163921 |
Pellegrino Strobel (22 August 1821 – 8 June 1895) was an Italian ornithologist, zoologist and naturalist. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55174245 |
NGC 471 is a lenticular galaxy located about 168 million Light-years away from Earth in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered by German astronomer Albert Marth on November 3, 1864. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55184024 |
WIL Research Laboratories WIL Research Laboratories, LLC (acquired in 2016 and renamed Charles River Laboratories Ashland, LLC) was a contract research organization (CRO), privately held for 40 years, that provided product safety toxicological research, metabolism, bioanalytical, pharmacological, and formulation services to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, chemical, agrochemical, and food products industries, as well as manufacturing support for clinical trials. WIL Research was well-known internationally in many disciplines, and considered by many industry experts to be the premier laboratory in the world for developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART). was founded in 1976 in Cincinnati, Ohio by G. Bruce Briggs, Ralph S. Hodgdon, and Robert W. Brigham, with Dr. Briggs serving as the company's first president. The company was initially a limited mammalian toxicological testing laboratory that conducted short-term studies for several clients in the Cincinnati area. In 1978, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation acquired WIL Research Laboratories. By 1980, WIL Research outgrew its facilities in Cincinnati, subsequently acquired the 75-acre Hess & Clark research facility on the outskirts of Ashland, Ohio, and by 1982 had moved its operations to the new location. The move to Ashland enabled WIL to conduct a larger number of studies as it began to expand its client base. Dr. Joseph F. Holson was named President and Director of in 1988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55191186 |
WIL Research Laboratories Under his leadership over the next 20 years, WIL Research grew from 31 employees into a dynamic contract research organization employing more than 600 individuals at the Ashland site. This success was attributed to the company's entrepreneurial scientific management, study director-centric business model, internationally recognized scientific prowess (particularly in DART), internally developed innovations (including the industry's first protocol-driven toxicology data management software system), and strong involvement in the Ashland community. During Holson's tenure, WIL Research continuously expanded its scientific capabilities, facilities, and staffing levels. During this period, the company grew from a limited mammalian toxicology research laboratory into a robust interdisciplinary CRO offering developmental and reproductive toxicology, neurotoxicology, inhalation toxicology, developmental neurotoxicology, large animal toxicology, juvenile toxicology, safety pharmacology, metabolism, analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, and formulation services to a globally diverse client base. Underpinning the continuous expansion of service capabilities was a steady expansion of the company's facilities from approximately 30,000 square feet to more than 300,000 square feet of dedicated laboratory, vivarium, and support services space. At the heart of Dr. Holson's vision, though, was a drive to continually deepen the company's talent pool, as the number of employees in Ashland grew from 31 to more than 600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55191186 |
WIL Research Laboratories Joseph Holson was well-known as an energetic, outgoing leader with a vision for the company that revolved around the success of his staff and ongoing recruitment efforts. Critical to the success of WIL Research was a continuous investment in staff training, as new biologists typically underwent a 9-12 month training period and all employees regularly completed continuing education not only in their specific areas of expertise but also in the subjects of animal care and welfare, Good Laboratory Practices, and research integrity. Many of the internal training programs developed at WIL Research were highly regarded and requested by clients and industry partners. A key driver of WIL's steady growth was its study director-centric business model, which viewed each study director as an individual business unit with scientific, project management, and marketing responsibilities. This approach was in contrast to the typical division within CROs between science and marketing. WIL Research emphasized direct scientist-to-scientist interaction as much as possible across the entire scope of each project, which gained the company numerous accolades from its clients. Examples of the types of projects undertaken by WIL Research included studies of drugs for the treatment of herpes, Alzheimers' disease, glaucoma, cancer, and AIDS, numerous pesticides, and replacement chemicals for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons in fire extinguishers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55191186 |
WIL Research Laboratories Although highly respected in many disciplines, WIL Research was considered by many to be the leading laboratory in the world for developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART). This leadership was driven by Dr. Joseph Holson, an internationally recognized authority in the field. The DART division at WIL Research, led initially by Dr. Holson and subsequently by Mr. Mark D. Nemec and Dr. Donald G. Stump, became known not only for high-quality regulatory guideline studies, but also for innovative, specialized DART research. In 1978, as a result of expanding toxicology testing services, the WIL Toxicology Data Management System (WTDMS™) was developed. This protocol-driven software system was the first in the CRO industry and became the prototype for other major toxicology testing laboratories. WTDMS™ was licensed to several other toxicology testing laboratories, and was used continuously by for nearly forty years prior to its gradual replacement by the Provantis system. While WIL Research depended on the broader Ashland area for a steady supply of qualified personnel, it also contributed extensively to Ashland's economic growth, becoming one of the largest employers in the county. During Holson's tenure, the company invested approximately $62 million in facilities renovation and expansion. In a talk given to the local Rotary club, Holson added that WIL Research at that time served approximately 550 clients (domestic and international), most of whom regularly visited Ashland to monitor their studies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55191186 |
WIL Research Laboratories In 2006, WIL Research received the Golden Oak award from the mayor of Ashland, an award recognizing "the foresight, diligence and unselfishness of individuals or organizations who contribute to new growth, strengthen the roots or improve the overall community of Ashland." WIL Research also actively supported Ashland University, with many of its senior scientists serving as adjunct professors in their areas of expertise, especially in the undergraduate toxicology program, which the company helped begin in 1984. Dr. Joseph Holson also served on Ashland University's Science Advisory Board (1990-2008) and Board of Trustees (1993-1998), and gave the initial lecture, entitled "Risk and Regulation," of a year-long lecture series in support of the university's Environmental Studies program in 1995. After nearly two decades of sustained organic growth, Joseph Holson led WIL Research through an initial period of private capital-financed expansion. In 2004, Holson and four other senior executives (Mark D. Nemec, Dr. Christopher P. Chengelis, Dr. Daniel W. Sved, and James M. Rudar) initiated a management buyout (in partnership with private equity firm Behrman Capital) from Great Lakes Chemical Corporation which led to the formation of a holding company (WRH, Inc.). The expansion continued with the merger of Biotechnics, LLC (Hillsborough, NC, led by Dr. George Parker) with WIL Research operations in Ashland, the acquisitions of Notox Beheer BV ('s-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, let by Jan van der Hoeven, Dr | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55191186 |
WIL Research Laboratories Wilbert Frieling, and Dr. Ilona Enninga) and QS Pharma LLC (Boothwyn, PA), and the subsequent $500 million sale of WRH, Inc. to American Capital, Ltd. (NASDAQ:ACAS) in 2007. After the sale to ACAS, Dr. Holson served as Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of the global entity while continuing to serve as President and Director of in Ashland, Ohio until his retirement in November 2008. Upon Dr. Holson's retirement, Mr. Nemec was appointed President and Chief Operating Officer of the Ashland flagship facility, and Dr. Chengelis was named Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer. Under the ownership of American Capital, David Spaight was named Chairman and CEO of the global holding company in 2010, which undertook a re-branding and global integration effort. During the ACAS-led period, growth of the company occurred primarily through additional acquisitions, including those of Midwest BioResearch, LLC (Skokie, IL, led by Dr. Michael Schlosser) and Ricerca Bioscience's pharmaceutical services facility in Lyon, France (led by Stéphane Bulle). In addition, a new safety assessment facility in Schaijk, Netherlands (close to the existing Den Bosch site) was opened in 2015 to augment the European operations. These activities combined to increase the total number of employees in the global entity to more than 1300, with total 2015 revenues of $215 million. In early 2016, Wilmington, MA-based Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. (NYSE:CRL), led by James C | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55191186 |
WIL Research Laboratories Foster, acquired the global holdings of WIL Research for $585 million in cash. The platform facility in Ashland, OH was subsequently renamed to Charles River Laboratories Ashland, LLC. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55191186 |
NGC 472 is a spiral galaxy located roughly 220 million lightyears from earth in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on August 29, 1862 by Heinrich Louis d'Arrest. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55205467 |
Landau–Levich problem In fluid dynamics, Landau–Levich flow or the describes the flow created by a moving plate which is pulled out of a liquid surface. Landau–Levich flow finds many applications in thin film coating. The solution to the problem was described by Lev Landau and Veniamin Levich in 1942. The problem assumes that the plate is dragged out of the liquid slowly, so that the three major forces which are in balance are viscous force, the force due to gravity, and the force due to surface tension. Landau and Levich split the entire flow regime into two regimes, a lower regime and an upper regime. In the lower regime closer to the liquid surface, the flow is assumed to be static, leading to the problem of the Young–Laplace equation (a static meniscus). In the upper region far away from the liquid surface, the thickness of the liquid layer attaching to the plate is very small and also the since the velocity of the plate is small, this regime comes under the approximation of lubrication theory. The solution of these two problems are then matched using method of matched asymptotic expansions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55262478 |
NGC 6753 is an unbarred spiral galaxy, seen almost exactly face-on, located in the constellation Pavo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55273827 |
Gerald Seligman (26 March 1886 – 21 February 1973) was the founder of the International Glaciological Society and the "Journal of Glaciology". He was born in London, educated at Harrow, and studied at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He was the first president of the Association for the study of Snow and Ice, founded in 1936, which was renamed the British Glaciological Society after the war; the "British" was dropped in 1962, and the following year Seligman resigned his post as president. He launched the Journal of Glaciology in the late 1940s and was on its original editorial board, remaining as editor until 1968. He received the Victoria Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1959. The Seligman Crystal award, given by the Glaciological Society, is named in his honour. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55280997 |
Phosphirenium ion Phosphirenium ions () are a series of organophosphorus compounds containing unsaturated three-membered ring phosphorus (V) heterocycles and σ*-aromaticity is believed to be present in such molecules. Many of the salts containing phosphirenium ions have been isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The first series of phosphirenium ions were synthesized by reacting alkynes with methyl- or phenylphosphonous dichloride and aluminum trichloride. These reactions may be regarded as formal addition of "RClP" to alkynes. [2+1]-cycloaddition reactions between phosphaalkynes and chlorocarbene give phosphirenes, which serve as starting materials for the generation of phosphirenium species. Treatment of diphenylphosphine oxide with diphenylacetylene affords phosphirenium species. Phosphirenium ions can also be obtained from reaction between phosphiranes and alkynes, where "RClP" is formally transferred from alkenes to alkynes. In the literature, P NMR spectra of phosphirenium ions show upfield shifts (−57.3 ppm when R = R = Y = CH, Y = Cl). Large coupling constants "J" are also found in H NMR, and are comparable to those found in cyclopropenium ions. The first phosphirenium ion characterized by X-ray Crystallography has the following structural formula: In the refined crystal structure, average phosphorus–cyclic carbon distance has been found to be 1.731(12) Å, roughly corresponding to a bond order of 1.5. For comparison, typical single- and double-bond P–C distances are 1.86 Å and 1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55297477 |
Phosphirenium ion 68 Å, respectively. Reminiscent of π-ligand exchange in coordination compounds, a phosphirenium ion may undergo alkyne exchange with other alkynes to give a mixture of phospinirenium species in equilibrium. Kinetically, elimination of alkyne from the cation is suggested to be rate-determining step. In addition, the three-membered ring of phosphirenium ion may be broken. Successive reactions with suitable nucleophile are able to proceed on the electrophilic phosphorus atom. With the presence of an alkyne: With the presence of water or alcohol: Electrophilic B(CF) readily reacts with phosphinylalkynes at room temperature to give phosphirenium-borate zwitterions as intermediates, which then generate carbon-phosphorus σ bond activation products at higher temperature. The products are of interest to material science. Dotted line in product indicates weak interaction between boron and phosphor atoms (see frustrated Lewis pair). Qualitative molecular orbital (MO) diagram of a phophirenium ion can be obtained by linear combination of orbitals from a fragment and a bent RC=CR fragment. A low-lying σ* orbital from the former with ungerade symmetry interacts with both π and π* orbitals of the latter, creating a 2π-Hückel system, analogous to the one in cyclopropenium ion. This effect has been named as σ*-aromaticity. It is noteworthy that unlike the case of cyclopropenium ion, interaction between the filled σ orbital of the fragment and π orbitals also leads to some degree of antiaromatic character | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55297477 |
Phosphirenium ion Therefore, net 3-center conjugative effect is a combination of both σ* stabilizing contribution and σ destabilizing contribution. Electronegativity of each substituent on phosphorus plays a role as more electron-donating ones give greater degrees of antiaromatic sigma destabilization. This has been confirmed by Natural Population Analysis (NPA), where the energy changes of the reactions below were calculated with interactions between the C–C double bond and phosphorus both turned on and off by manipulating Fock matrix elements: Destabilization energies were the differences between corresponding reactions: This series is in accordance with the trend of electronegativity of the ligand atoms. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis provides possible Lewis structures of a molecule and has been carried out to assess the structure of . Similar to the aromatic cyclopropenium ion, the phosphorus analog shows a resonance between the structure with carbon-carbon double bond (1, 72.02%) and the ones with carbon-phosphorus double bond (3a and 3b, 7.88% combined). In addition, the ring-opening forms 2a and 2b combined also occupy 9.08% weight. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55297477 |
Steinhardt Museum of Natural History The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies at Tel Aviv University, is a natural history museum in Israel, including both education and a research center. It is the largest and most active center in Israel of documentation and science, focusing on biodiversity research and its varied applications including nature conservation, environmental protection, and agriculture. The museum is set for the discovery, collections development and care, and scientific categorization of millions of specimens, documenting the flora and fauna in the area, as well as the history of humankind and its interactions with the environment. It provides access to its scientific treasures and accumulated knowledge to the public and the scientific and professional community. The Museum’s collections holding some 5.5 million items accumulated by many scientists from Tel Aviv University and other institutions, find their new home at the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History. The collections document the flora and fauna of Israel and the Middle East for thousands of years, as well as human development and the history of humankind. The museum building is located in the east of Tel Aviv University campus, across the Diaspora Museum gate, adjacent to the Botanic Gardens and the I. Meier Segals Garden for Zoological Research | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55322654 |
Steinhardt Museum of Natural History The construction of the museum building was made possible following the support of Michael Steinhardt, former Chairman of the Board of Governors of Tel Aviv University, and his wife, Judy, as well as donations from other foundations and individuals (Yad Hanadiv, Dan David Foundation, Arison Foundation, KKL-JNF, Millie Phillips, Colette Kerber, and Haim Filler, as well as government assistance provided by the Planning and Grants Committee of the Council of Higher Education, the Ministries of Environmental Protection; Agriculture and Rural Development; Tourism; Science & Technology. The museum's collections operate under the auspices of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities and with the support of the Planning and Grants Committee of the Council of Higher Education. Designed by Kimmel Eshkolot Architects. The museum opened to the public July 2018. The 9620 sq m five story museum building was designed as a "Treasure Box" or "Noah's Ark" Thousands of items from the collections, used primarily for research, presented to the public, as part of exhibitions at the museum. Exhibition spaces comprise over 1,700 square meters in nine themed exhibitions: bird migration; Israel's diversity of ecosystems; bugs and beyond; life in dark; (animal) shape, structure and functions; human impacts on the environment; the web of life; the collections treasure. The is chaired by Prof. Tamar Dayan (of the School of Zoology at Tel Aviv University). Alon Sapan is the Museum’s director | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55322654 |
Steinhardt Museum of Natural History The museum's collections are used for basic and applied research, for teaching and training, and for exhibitions to open to the public. The Zoological Museum (Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences), the National Herbarium of algae, fungi, and lichen (Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences), National Anthropological Collections (Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine), and the collections and laboratories of biological archeology (Institute of Archeology, Faculty Humanities) have joined forces to establish the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies. The Museum maintains millions of specimens that record the fauna and flora of the region over the past century, as well as the development and history of humankind. The collections are an extremely active National Research Infrastructure that is used by over 500 scientists, graduate students, and professionals from Israel and the world every year. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities recognized the collections as national collections, a national museum of natural history in the making, while the National Council for Research & Development recognizes them as a National Research Infrastructure. The Ministry of Science & Technology recognizes the museum as a Knowledge center in agricultural and the environment | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55322654 |
Steinhardt Museum of Natural History The Israel Taxonomy Initiative (ITI), a project supported by the higher education system of Israel, government ministries and agencies, and various research institutions, functions within The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History. Its main activities aim to revive the field of taxonomy, to train of taxonomists, and to deepen the knowledge of the biodiversity of Israel. The ultimate goal of the initiative is to contribute to the study, conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems in Israel. The museum integrates and absorbs the educational activities previously conducted within "Campus-Teva" at Tel Aviv University. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55322654 |
Anatoly Riabinin Anatoliy Riabinin was a Russian geologist and vertebrate paleontologist. In the 1910s, Riabinin led the first paleontological expeditions to the Amur (in 1914 and 1916–17). The hadrosaurid Amurosaurus Riabinini is named for him. In 1925, he described the first dinosaur from China (though excavated in 1914). It initially bore the name "Trachodon Amurense", though he renamed it "Mandschurosaurus" in 1930. He also conducted studies on fossilised turtles. In 1945, the genus now known as "Riabininohadros" was named for him. His death date is sometimes given as 1942, though he was still active in the late 1940s (publications appeared in 1945 and 1946). He also described Batrachognathus in 1948. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55333222 |
PGC 44691 is a spiral galaxy located about 350 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It belongs to a galaxy cluster known as the Coma Cluster. In 1994, the Hubble Space Telescope observed and the nearby elliptical galaxy NGC 4881 to infer the distance to the Coma Cluster. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55334015 |
Oscar Arredondo Oscar Paulino Arredondo de la Mata (18 July 1918 – 20 July 2001) was a Cuban paleontologist. He described a number of birds and mammals of the Quaternary Period from fossils obtained from Cuban caves. He has been called the "father of Cuban vertebrate paleontology". was born in Havana in the Quarter of the Pillar. He lived in that area until 1955. Born in a family of ordinary means with six other siblings, he studied at the local public school (number 33). He took an interest in natural history early in life and learnt about animals on his own. In 1936 he sang with tango music groups for various radio stations and was an actor in the local theatre. In 1942 he worked at a local hair salon apart from selling fruits and as being a representative for theater workers. He continued his personal studies and sketched various local birds. In 1945 he took an interest in exploring caves and began to explore fossils found in the caves of Cuba. In order to join the expeditions of the Speleological Society of Cuba, he began to work as a postman, a job he held for the 36 years before retiring in 1984. Arredondo's work on paleontology was mostly on the birds and mammals of the Quaternary, and he described a Cuban condor (he placed it in the genus "Sarcoramphus", but it was later identified as "Titanohierax borrasi"), an eagle, several owls, including the giant "Ornimegalonyx" and a Teratorn. He wrote both scientific (nearly 134) and popular science articles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55341779 |
Oscar Arredondo Several species were named after him including "Pulsatrix arredondoi" Brodkorb (1968), "Capromys arroundondoi" Varona (1984), "Cerion (Strophiops) arroundondoi" Jaime (1984) and "Solenodon arredondoi" Morgan & Ottenwalder, (1993). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55341779 |
NGC 4754 is a barred lenticular galaxy located about 53 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. It forms a non-interacting pair with the edge-on lenticular galaxy NGC 4762. is a member of the Virgo Cluster. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55343693 |
Arthur Hollick Charles (February 6, 1857 – March 11, 1933), known widely as Arthur Hollick, was an American paleobotanist. He was curator of fossil plants at Columbia University and the New York Botanical Garden. Born in New Brighton, Staten Island, New York, he received a Bachelor of Philosophy from Columbia School of Mines in 1879 and his doctorate at George Washington University (then known Columbian College) in 1897. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55347924 |
Aquatic sill An aquatic sill (or an oceanic sill) is a sea floor barrier of relatively shallow depth restricting water movement between oceanic basins. A similar barrier can also exist on a lake floor. An aquatic sill can be a biogeographic barrier for species located in deep basins on either side. On top of an aquatic sill, water is often warmer than deeper water. An aquatic sill can restrict movement of water masses in the bottom, and also results in their isolation, which can be partial, and is sometimes near total. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55356987 |
Russeting or russetting is an abnormality of fruit skin which manifests in russet-colored (brownish) patches that are rougher than healthy skin. It is a common feature in apples and pears. is typically an undesirable trait, which reduces the storage life of fruits and makes their appearance unattractive to consumers, although some cultivars, so-called russet apples, are appreciated for the feature. In apples and pears, russet results from micro-cracking of the cuticle, the outer epidermal layer of the fruit. The cuticle is a natural waterproof barrier composed of a polymerized cutin matrix embedded with waxes, which protects the fruit from outside stresses, and helps maintain post-harvest preservation. When the cuticle cracks, a corky suberized layer is formed on the fruit skin. Apples are particularly susceptible to russet. Many naturally-occurring varieties exhibit the feature consistently, while other cultivars may develop russet due to environmental stresses. As a result, cuticular structure is impaired, leading to reduced strength of the peel, which impacts handling and post-harvest processing. and cuticular cracks may accelerate the development of flesh browning due to oxidation, as well as softening of internal tissue due to the loss of an external support. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55377540 |
Metallurgical coal or coking coal is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking. The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand for steel. Primary steelmaking companies often have a division that produces coal for coking, to ensure a stable and low-cost supply. is low in ash, moisture, sulfur and phosphorus content, and its rank is usually bituminous. Some grades of anthracite coal are used for sintering, pulverized coal injection, direct blast furnace charge, pelletizing, and in production of ferro-alloys, silicon-manganese, calcium-carbide and silicon-carbide. produces strong, low-density coke produced when it is heated in a low-oxygen environment. On heating, the coal softens, and volatile components evaporate and escape through pores in the mass. During coking, the material swells and increases in volume. The coking ability of coal is related to its physical properties such as its rank, but laboratory testing is required to completely evaluate the coking ability of a coal. The strength and density of coke are particularly important when it is used in a blast furnace, as the coke supports part of the ore and flux burden inside the furnace. contrasts with thermal coal, which does not produce coke when heated. Because of their different end-uses, prices for the two types of coal are usually quite different. comes mainly from Canada, the United States, and Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55385689 |
Metallurgical coal In the United States, the electric power sector used "93% of total U.S. coal consumption between 2007 and 2018"; only 7% of the total was metallurgical coal and coal for other uses such as heating. The suitability of coal for conversion to coke is also referred to as the "caking ability". There are several types of metallurgical coal: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55385689 |
Gas immersion laser doping (GILD) is a method of doping a semiconductor material such as silicon. In the case of doping silicon with boron to create a P-type semiconductor material, a thin wafer of silicon is placed in a containment chamber and is immersed in boron gas. A pulsed laser is directed at the silicon wafer and this results in localised melting and subsequent recrystalisation of the silicon wafer material, allowing boron atoms in the gas to diffuse into the molten sections of the silicon wafer. The end result of this process is a silicon wafer with boron impurities, creating a P-type semiconductor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55407740 |
Carina M. Schlebusch Carina Maria Schlebusch is an evolutionary biologist at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. She is a specialist in the population history of Africa. In 2017 she was the co-author of a paper that suggested that modern humans emerged more than 300,000 years ago. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55409585 |
Alison Kellow is a botanist and research scientist from Australia, and a lecturer at La Trobe University. Kellow completed a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Melbourne, and postgraduate studies in environmental science at Monash University. She completed her doctoral degree in Natural Resource Sciences at the University of Adelaide. Kellow is the joint author, with Michael Bayly, of "An Illustrated Guide to New Zealand Hebes", which was a finalist in the 2007 Montana New Zealand Book Awards. The pair worked on the project while both were researchers for the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Kellow also held a position at Industrial Research Ltd, working on flavonoid chemistry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55426658 |
NGC 479 (also known as UGC 893, MCG 1-4-31, ZWG 411.31, ARP 8, PGC 4905) is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered by German astronomer Albert Marth on October 27, 1864. It is about 234 million light years away from Earth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55475986 |
Ellsworth Dougherty Ellsworth C. Dougherty (1921-1965) was a biologist who was first to study the nematode worm "Caenorhabditis elegans" in the laboratory, with Victor Nigon, in the 1940s. Mount Dougherty is a mountain range in Antarctica named after Ellsworth Dougherty. The specific epithet given to the nematode species "Caenorhabditis doughertyi" is also a tribute to E. Dougherty. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55477212 |
Anaerolinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55479466 |
Herbert T. Ueda (born 1929) is a retired American ice drilling engineer. Ueda was born and raised in the Puyallup Valley in Washington. His parents were farm laborers, and were of Japanese descent. The Ueda family was interned in Idaho's Minidoka War Relocation Center for three years, beginning in the summer of 1942, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He was drafted into the Army in 1951 for two years, and attended the University of Illinois, first at Navy Pier and then at Champaign-Urbana, graduating as a mechanical engineer in 1958. Later that year he was hired by Lyle Hansen to work at the Snow, Ice, and Permafrost Research Establishment (SIPRE). Ueda worked on the development of a thermal drill for SIPRE, initially under Fred Pollack; when Pollack left Ueda took over the project. It was tested in Greenland, at Camp Tuto and Camp Century. in the later 1950s and early 1960s, reaching over 500 feet in 1961, over 700 feet depth in 1962, and almost 900 feet in 1963. At that point they began working on adapting a cable-suspended electromechanical drill, designed by Armais Arutunoff for mineral drilling, to be used in ice. A secondhand drill was acquired in 1963, and in 1964, when the thermal drill reached 1800 feet, they switched to using the electromechanical drill, and it worked well. After two more seasons of drilling it finally reached bedrock at about 4,550 ft. Ueda later described it as "the most satisfying moment of my life, or of my career" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55485954 |
Herbert T. Ueda In 1966 and 1967 he was at Byrd Station in the Antarctic, where the drill was used to reach 7102 feet at bedrock. After this he worked on building drills for other organizations, including Ohio State and the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE). He worked on the Ross Ice Shelf Project with John Rand in the 1970s, and then worked on the DYE sites in Greenland. He retired from SIPRE (by this time renamed to Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory) in 1987, and worked for the Polar Ice Coring Office (PICO) for a while as technical director of operations, working for John Kelle. In 1989 he visited Greenland to work on the GISP 2 program. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55485954 |
Roman Wojtusiak Roman Józef Wojtusiak (1906-5 December 1987) was a Polish zoologist and professor at the Jagiellonian University who specialized in sensory ecology, animal psychology and behaviour. Along with his students and collaborators he established a laboratory that conducted extensive experimentation on the ability of animals to see colour, sense geomagnetism, and radio waves. He was also a pioneer of underwater biological studies. Born to Roman, an official of the Polish Railways, and his wife Karolina, who worked in the armed forces, he studied in his home town of Kraków. He studied at the Faculty of Philosophy at the Jagiellonian University from 1925 to 1929. He then studied pedagogy and became a high school teacher at the Gymnasium at St Anna in Kraków. In 1930-35 he received a doctorate in zoology on the basis of a dissertation on vision in turtles. In 1939 he was arrested by the Nazis and deported to Wrocław and later to the concentration camps at Dachau and Sachsenhausen. His wife Halina Wojtusiakova née Franckiewicz (who was a researcher on plant ecology) wrote to Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn to intervene. When Kühn was in Göttingen, Wojtusiak had met a student named Walter Greite who later became an officer in the SS in the Ahnenerbe. Greite helped release Wojtusiak (on 8 September 1940) at the behest of Karl von Frisch. He worked from 1941 to 1952 as curator of the museum at Kraków | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55496908 |
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