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2BP: 2-Stage Backpropagation
As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) grow in size and complexity, they often exceed the memory capacity of a single accelerator, necessitating the sharding of model parameters across multiple accelerators. Pipeline parallelism is a commonly used sharding strategy for training large DNNs. However, current implementations of p...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.18047v1
2405.18047
2024-05-28
computer-graphics
2-branes with Arnold-Beltrami Fluxes from Minimal D=7 Supergravity
We describe this paper as a Sentimental Journey from Hydrodynamics to Supergravity. Beltrami equation in three dimensions that plays a key role in the hydrodynamics of incompressible fluids has an unsuspected relation with minimal supergravity in seven dimensions. We show that just D=7 supergravity and no other theory ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.06802v1
1504.06802
2015-04-26
computer-graphics
2by2: Weakly-Supervised Learning for Global Action Segmentation
This paper presents a simple yet effective approach for the poorly investigated task of global action segmentation, aiming at grouping frames capturing the same action across videos of different activities. Unlike the case of videos depicting all the same activity, the temporal order of actions is not roughly shared am...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.12829v1
2412.12829
2024-12-17
computer-graphics
2-Calabi-Yau categories with a directed cluster-tilting subcategory
As a generalization of acyclic 2-Calabi-Yau categories, we consider 2-Calabi-Yau categories with a directed cluster-tilting subcategory; we study their cluster-tilting subcategories and the cluster combinatorics that they encode. We show that such categories have a cluster structure. Triangulated 2-Calabi-Yau categor...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.03836v1
1611.03836
2016-11-11
computer-graphics
2-Cartesian fibrations I: A model for $\infty$-bicategories fibred in $\infty$-bicategories
In this paper, we provide a notion of $\infty$-bicategories fibred in $\infty$-bicategories which we call 2-Cartesian fibrations. Our definition is formulated using the language of marked biscaled simplicial sets: Those are scaled simplicial sets equipped with an additional collection of triangles containing the scaled...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03606v1
2106.03606
2021-06-07
computer-graphics
2-Cartesian fibrations II: A Grothendieck construction for $\infty$-bicategories
In this work, we conclude our study of fibred $\infty$-bicategories by providing a Grothendieck construction in this setting. Given a scaled simplicial set $S$ (which need not be fibrant) we construct a 2-categorical version of Lurie's straightening-unstraightening adjunction, thereby furnishing an equivalence between ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.09589v3
2201.09589
2022-01-24
computer-graphics
2-categorical affine symmetries of quantum enveloping algebras
We produce 2-representations of the positive part of affine quantum enveloping algebras on their finite-dimensional counterparts in type $A_n$. These 2-representations naturally extend the right-multiplication 2-representation of $U_q^+(\mathfrak{sl}_{n+1})$ on itself and are closely related to evaluation morphisms of ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08039v2
2502.08039
2025-02-12
computer-graphics
2-categorical approach to unifying constructions of precoverings and its applications
Throughout this paper $G$ is a fixed group, and $k$ is a fixed field. All categories are assumed to be $k$-linear. First we give a systematic way to induce $G$-precoverings by adjoint functors using a 2-categorical machinery, which unifies many similar constructions of $G$-precoverings. Now let $\mathcal{C}$ be a skele...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.04680v1
2402.04680
2024-02-07
computer-graphics
2-categorical opfibrations, Quillen's Theorem B, and $S^{-1}S$
In this paper we show that the strict and lax pullbacks of a 2-categorical opfibration along an arbitrary 2-functor are homotopy equivalent. We give two applications. First, we show that the strict fibers of an opfibration model the homotopy fibers. This is a version of Quillen's Theorem B amenable to applications. Sec...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11173v2
2010.11173
2020-10-21
computer-graphics
2-categories and cyclic homology
The topic of this thesis is the application of distributive laws between comonads to the theory of cyclic homology. Explicitly, our main aims are: 1) To study how the cyclic homology of associative algebras and of Hopf algebras in the original sense of Connes and Moscovici arises from a distributive law, and to clarify...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.08992v1
1605.08992
2016-05-29
computer-graphics
$2$-Categories from a Gray Perspective
In this paper we present $2$-category theory from the perspective of Gray-categories using the graphical calculus of separated surface diagrams. As an extended example we consider cones and limits of $2$-functors. Then we use the canonical adjunction between $2$-computads and $2$-categories to interpret the comparison ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.08783v1
2203.08783
2022-03-16
computer-graphics
2-categories of symmetric bimodules and their 2-representations
In this article we analyze the structure of $2$-categories of symmetric projective bimodules over a finite dimensional algebra with respect to the action of a finite abelian group. We determine under which condition the resulting $2$-category is fiat (in the sense of \cite{MM1}) and classify simple transitive $2$-repre...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.05798v1
1904.05798
2019-04-11
computer-graphics
2 Category of FRBSU Monoidal Categories and Crossed Modules
In that paper, we prove that the collection of all FRBSU monoidal categories and the collection of all crossed modules form a 2 category.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.06981v1
1512.06981
2015-12-22
computer-graphics
2-Category of Topological Quantum Computation
Unitary Ribbon Fusion Categories (URFC) formalize anyonic theories. It has been widely assumed that the same category formalizes a topological quantum computing model. However, in previous work, we addressed and resolved this confusion and demonstrated while the former could be any fusion category, the latter is always...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22171v1
2505.22171
2025-05-28
computer-graphics
2-Cats: 2D Copula Approximating Transforms
Copulas are powerful statistical tools for capturing dependencies across data dimensions. Applying Copulas involves estimating independent marginals, a straightforward task, followed by the much more challenging task of determining a single copulating function, $C$, that links these marginals. For bivariate data, a cop...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.16391v5
2309.16391
2023-09-28
computer-graphics
$2\cdot 10^{-13}$ fractional laser frequency stability with a 7-cm unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer
To achieve sub-picometer sensitivities in the millihertz band, laser interferometric inertial sensors rely on some form of reduction of the laser frequency noise, typically by locking the laser to a stable frequency reference, such as the narrow-linewidth resonance of an ultra-stable optical cavity or an atomic or mole...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11325v2
2308.11325
2023-08-22
computer-graphics
2CET-GAN: Pixel-Level GAN Model for Human Facial Expression Transfer
Recent studies have used GAN to transfer expressions between human faces. However, existing models have many flaws: relying on emotion labels, lacking continuous expressions, and failing to capture the expression details. To address these limitations, we propose a novel CycleGAN- and InfoGAN-based network called 2 Cycl...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.11570v1
2211.11570
2022-11-18
computer-graphics
2-chains: an interesting family of posets
We introduce a new family of finite posets which we call 2-chains. These first arose in the study of 0-Hecke algebras, but they admit a variety of different characterisations. We give these characterisations, prove that they are equivalent and derive some numerical results concerning 2-chains.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07574v2
1809.07574
2020-01-29
computer-graphics
2-charge circular fuzz-balls and their perturbations
We perform a detailed study of perturbations around 2-charge circular fuzz-balls and compare the results with the ones obtained in the case of 'small' BHs. In addition to the photon-sphere modes that govern the prompt ring-down, we find a new branch of long-lived QNMs localised inside the photon-sphere at the (meta)sta...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.07504v1
2212.07504
2022-12-14
computer-graphics
$2$-class groups of cyclotomic towers of imaginary biquadratic fields and applications
Let $d$ be a positive square-free integer. In this paper we shall investigate the structure of the $2$-class group of the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_2$-extension of the imaginary biquadratic number field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d},\sqrt{-1})$. Furthermore, we deduce the structure of the $2$-class group of cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.03602v3
2002.03602
2020-06-15
computer-graphics
2-classifiers via dense generators and Hofmann-Streicher universe in stacks
We expand the theory of 2-classifiers, that are a 2-categorical generalization of subobject classifiers introduced by Weber. The idea is to upgrade monomorphisms to discrete opfibrations. We prove that the conditions of 2-classifier can be checked just on a dense generator. The study of what is classified by a 2-classi...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.16900v3
2401.16900
2024-01-30
computer-graphics
2-CLUB is NP-hard for distance to 2-club cluster graphs
We show that 2-CLUB is NP-hard for distance to 2-club cluster graphs.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05425v1
1903.05425
2019-03-13
computer-graphics
2-Cluster Fixed-Point Analysis of Mean-Coupled Stuart-Landau Oscillators in the Center Manifold
We reduce the dynamics of an ensemble of mean-coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators close to the synchronized solution. In particular, we map the system onto the center manifold of the Benjamin-Feir instability, the bifurcation destabilizing the synchronized oscillation. Using symmetry arguments, we describe the structure ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.06221v2
2010.06221
2020-10-13
computer-graphics
2CoBel : An Efficient Belief Function Extension for Two-dimensional Continuous Spaces
This paper introduces an innovative approach for handling 2D compound hypotheses within the Belief Function Theory framework. We propose a polygon-based generic rep- resentation which relies on polygon clipping operators. This approach allows us to account in the computational cost for the precision of the representati...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.08857v1
1803.08857
2018-03-23
computer-graphics
2-coherent and 2-convex Conditional Lower Previsions
In this paper we explore relaxations of (Williams) coherent and convex conditional previsions that form the families of $n$-coherent and $n$-convex conditional previsions, at the varying of $n$. We investigate which such previsions are the most general one may reasonably consider, suggesting (centered) $2$-convex or, i...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06043v1
1606.06043
2016-06-20
computer-graphics
2-Coherent Internal Models of Homotopical Type Theory
The program of internal type theory seeks to develop the categorical model theory of dependent type theory using the language of dependent type theory itself. In the present work we study internal homotopical type theory by relaxing the notion of a category with families (cwf) to that of a wild, or precoherent higher c...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05790v1
2503.05790
2025-02-28
computer-graphics
2-Co-lacunary sequences in noncommutative symmetric Banach spaces
We characterize noncommutative symmetric Banach spaces for which every bounded sequence admits either a convergent subsequence, or a $2$-co-lacunary subsequence. This extends the classical characterization, due to R\"abiger.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.04258v1
1909.04258
2019-09-10
computer-graphics
2-Colorable Perfect Matching is NP-complete in 2-Connected 3-Regular Planar Graphs
The 2-colorable perfect matching problem asks whether a graph can be colored with two colors so that each node has exactly one neighbor with the same color as itself. We prove that this problem is NP-complete, even when restricted to 2-connected 3-regular planar graphs. In 1978, Schaefer proved that this problem is NP-...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.09786v1
2309.09786
2023-09-18
computer-graphics
2-colored Rogers-Ramanujan partition identities
In this paper, we combined two types of partitions and introduced 2-colored Rogers-Ramanujan partitions. By finding some functional equations and using a constructive method, some identities have been found. Some Overpartition identities coincide with our findings. A correspondence between colored partitions and overpa...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.15378v1
2203.15378
2022-03-29
computer-graphics
2-complexes with large 2-girth
The 2-girth of a 2-dimensional simplicial complex $X$ is the minimum size of a non-zero 2-cycle in $H_2(X, \mathbb{Z}/2)$. We consider the maximum possible girth of a complex with $n$ vertices and $m$ 2-faces. If $m = n^{2 + \alpha}$ for $\alpha < 1/2$, then we show that the 2-girth is at most $4 n^{2 - 2 \alpha}$ and ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.03871v2
1509.03871
2017-07-10
computer-graphics
$2$-complexes with unique embeddings in 3-space
A well-known theorem of Whitney states that a 3-connected planar graph admits an essentially unique embedding into the 2-sphere. We prove a 3-dimensional analogue: a simply-connected $2$-complex every link graph of which is 3-connected admits an essentially unique locally flat embedding into the 3-sphere, if it admits ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.04085v1
2109.04085
2021-09-09
computer-graphics
2-complex symmetric composition operators on $H^2$
In this paper, we study 2-complex symmetric composition operators with the conjugation $J$ on the Hardy space $H^2$. More precisely, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the composition operator $C_\phi$ to be 2-complex symmetric when the symbols $\phi$ is an automorphism of $\mathbb D$. We also charact...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.11184v1
2110.11184
2021-10-21
computer-graphics
2-connected claw-free chordal graphs are cycle extendable
A cycle $C$ of length $k$ in graph $G$ is extendable if there is another cycle $C'$ in $G$ with $V(C) \subset V(C')$ and length $k+1$. A graph is cycle extendable if every non-Hamiltonian cycle is extendable. In 1990 Hendry conjectured that any Hamiltonian chordal graph (a Hamiltonian graph with no induced cycle of len...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.2901v4
1310.2901
2016-02-28
computer-graphics
2-Coupon Coloring of Cubic Graphs Containing 3-Cycle or 4-Cycle
Let $G$ be a graph. A total dominating set in a graph $G$ is a set $S$ of vertices of $G$ such that every vertex in $G$ is adjacent to a vertex in $S$. Recently, the following question was proposed: "Is it true that every connected cubic graph containing a $3$-cycle has two vertex disjoint total dominating sets?" In th...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.15114v1
2308.15114
2023-08-29
computer-graphics
2-covers of wide Young diagrams
A Young diagram $Y$ is called wide if every sub-diagram $Z$ formed by a subset of the rows of $Y$ dominates $Z'$, the conjugate of $Z$. A Young diagram $Y$ is called Latin if its squares can be assigned numbers so that for each $i$, the $i$th row is filled injectively with the numbers $1, \ldots ,a_i$, where $a_i$ is t...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.17670v2
2311.17670
2023-11-29
computer-graphics
2CP: Decentralized Protocols to Transparently Evaluate Contributivity in Blockchain Federated Learning Environments
Federated Learning harnesses data from multiple sources to build a single model. While the initial model might belong solely to the actor bringing it to the network for training, determining the ownership of the trained model resulting from Federated Learning remains an open question. In this paper we explore how Block...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.07516v1
2011.07516
2020-11-15
computer-graphics
2-Cycles on Higher Fano Hypersurfaces
Let F(X_d) be a smooth Fano variety of lines of a hypersurface X_d of degree d. In this paper, we prove the Griffiths group Griff_1(F(X_d)) is trivial if the hypersurface X_d is of 2-Fano type. As a result, we give a positive answer to a question of Professor Voisin about the first Griffiths groups of Fano varieties in...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.01721v3
1512.01721
2016-10-12
computer-graphics
2d (0,2) Gauge Theories from Branes: Recent Progress in Brane Brick Models
We discuss the realization of $2d$ $(0,2)$ gauge theories in terms of branes focusing on Brane Brick Models, which are T-dual to D1-branes probing toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds. These brane setups fully encode the infinite class of $2d$ $(0,2)$ quiver gauge theories on the worldvolume of the D1-branes and substantially stre...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06993v1
2402.06993
2024-02-10
computer-graphics
2d (0,2) Quiver Gauge Theories and D-Branes
We initiate a systematic study of 2d (0,2) quiver gauge theories on the worldvolume of D1-branes probing singular toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds. We present an algorithm for efficiently calculating the classical mesonic moduli spaces of these theories, which correspond to the probed geometries. We also introduce a systematic...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.03818v2
1506.03818
2015-06-30
computer-graphics
2D, 2.5D, or 3D? An Exploratory Study on Multilayer Network Visualisations in Virtual Reality
Relational information between different types of entities is often modelled by a multilayer network (MLN) -- a network with subnetworks represented by layers. The layers of an MLN can be arranged in different ways in a visual representation, however, the impact of the arrangement on the readability of the network is a...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.10674v2
2307.10674
2023-07-20
computer-graphics
2D2C, 2D3C, 2C2Dcw1C3D, 3D3C, rotating turbulence, thin-layer flows, quasi-static magnetohydrodynamics (QSMHD), and beyond
More serious works on 2D2C, 2D3C, 2C2Dcw1C3D, 3D3C, rotating turbulence, thin-layer flows, quasi-static magnetohydrodynamics (QSMHD), and all that are wanted, but we report timely here some studies on locally and globally 2C2Dcw1C3D flows, with the hope to promote smarter and deeper works.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.1503v5
1408.1503
2018-03-30
computer-graphics
2D-2FA: A New Dimension in Two-Factor Authentication
We propose a two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism called 2D-2FA to address security and usability issues in existing methods. 2D-2FA has three distinguishing features: First, after a user enters a username and password on a login terminal, a unique $\textit{identifier}$ is displayed to her. She $\textit{inputs}$ t...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.15872v1
2110.15872
2021-10-29
computer-graphics
2D-3D Attention and Entropy for Pose Robust 2D Facial Recognition
Despite recent advances in facial recognition, there remains a fundamental issue concerning degradations in performance due to substantial perspective (pose) differences between enrollment and query (probe) imagery. Therefore, we propose a novel domain adaptive framework to facilitate improved performances across large...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09073v1
2505.09073
2025-05-14
computer-graphics
2D-3D crossover in a dense electron liquid in silicon
Doping of silicon via phosphene exposures alternating with molecular beam epitaxy overgrowth is a path to Si:P substrates for conventional microelectronics and quantum information technologies. The technique also provides a new and well-controlled material for systematic studies of two-dimensional lattices with a half-...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.05208v2
1802.05208
2018-02-15
computer-graphics
2D/3D Deep Image Registration by Learning 3D Displacement Fields for Abdominal Organs
Deformable registration of two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) images of abdominal organs is a complicated task because the abdominal organs deform significantly and their contours are not detected in two-dimensional X-ray images. We propose a supervised deep learning framework that achieves 2D/3D deformable imag...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.05445v1
2212.05445
2022-12-11
computer-graphics
2D-3D Deformable Image Registration of Histology Slide and Micro-CT with ML-based Initialization
Recent developments in the registration of histology and micro-computed tomography ({\mu}CT) have broadened the perspective of pathological applications such as virtual histology based on {\mu}CT. This topic remains challenging because of the low image quality of soft tissue CT. Additionally, soft tissue samples usuall...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14343v1
2410.14343
2024-10-18
computer-graphics
2D+3D Facial Expression Recognition via Discriminative Dynamic Range Enhancement and Multi-Scale Learning
In 2D+3D facial expression recognition (FER), existing methods generate multi-view geometry maps to enhance the depth feature representation. However, this may introduce false estimations due to local plane fitting from incomplete point clouds. In this paper, we propose a novel Map Generation technique from the viewpoi...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.08333v1
2011.08333
2020-11-16
computer-graphics
2D+3D facial expression recognition via embedded tensor manifold regularization
In this paper, a novel approach via embedded tensor manifold regularization for 2D+3D facial expression recognition (FERETMR) is proposed. Firstly, 3D tensors are constructed from 2D face images and 3D face shape models to keep the structural information and correlations. To maintain the local structure (geometric info...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.12506v1
2201.12506
2022-01-29
computer-graphics
2D-3D Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Cardiac MR Segmentation
In this paper, we develop a 2D and 3D segmentation pipelines for fully automated cardiac MR image segmentation using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Our models are trained end-to-end from scratch using the ACD Challenge 2017 dataset comprising of 100 studies, each containing Cardiac MR images in End Diastole ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.09813v1
1707.09813
2017-07-31
computer-graphics
2D-3D Geometric Fusion Network using Multi-Neighbourhood Graph Convolution for RGB-D Indoor Scene Classification
Multi-modal fusion has been proved to help enhance the performance of scene classification tasks. This paper presents a 2D-3D Fusion stage that combines 3D Geometric Features with 2D Texture Features obtained by 2D Convolutional Neural Networks. To get a robust 3D Geometric embedding, a network that uses two novel laye...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11154v3
2009.11154
2020-09-23
computer-graphics
2D-3D Interlaced Transformer for Point Cloud Segmentation with Scene-Level Supervision
We present a Multimodal Interlaced Transformer (MIT) that jointly considers 2D and 3D data for weakly supervised point cloud segmentation. Research studies have shown that 2D and 3D features are complementary for point cloud segmentation. However, existing methods require extra 2D annotations to achieve 2D-3D informati...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.12817v2
2310.12817
2023-10-19
computer-graphics
2D3D-MatchNet: Learning to Match Keypoints Across 2D Image and 3D Point Cloud
Large-scale point cloud generated from 3D sensors is more accurate than its image-based counterpart. However, it is seldom used in visual pose estimation due to the difficulty in obtaining 2D-3D image to point cloud correspondences. In this paper, we propose the 2D3D-MatchNet - an end-to-end deep network architecture t...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09742v1
1904.09742
2019-04-22
computer-graphics
2D3D-MATR: 2D-3D Matching Transformer for Detection-free Registration between Images and Point Clouds
The commonly adopted detect-then-match approach to registration finds difficulties in the cross-modality cases due to the incompatible keypoint detection and inconsistent feature description. We propose, 2D3D-MATR, a detection-free method for accurate and robust registration between images and point clouds. Our method ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05667v2
2308.05667
2023-08-10
computer-graphics
2D/3D Megavoltage Image Registration Using Convolutional Neural Networks
We presented a 2D/3D MV image registration method based on a Convolutional Neural Network. Most of the traditional image registration method intensity-based, which use optimization algorithms to maximize the similarity between to images. Although these methods can achieve good results for kilovoltage images, the same d...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.11816v1
1811.11816
2018-11-28
computer-graphics
2D-3D Pose Consistency-based Conditional Random Fields for 3D Human Pose Estimation
This study considers the 3D human pose estimation problem in a single RGB image by proposing a conditional random field (CRF) model over 2D poses, in which the 3D pose is obtained as a byproduct of the inference process. The unary term of the proposed CRF model is defined based on a powerful heat-map regression network...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03986v2
1704.03986
2017-04-13
computer-graphics
2D/3D Pose Estimation and Action Recognition using Multitask Deep Learning
Action recognition and human pose estimation are closely related but both problems are generally handled as distinct tasks in the literature. In this work, we propose a multitask framework for jointly 2D and 3D pose estimation from still images and human action recognition from video sequences. We show that a single ar...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.09232v2
1802.09232
2018-02-26
computer-graphics
2D-3D Pose Tracking with Multi-View Constraints
Camera localization in 3D LiDAR maps has gained increasing attention due to its promising ability to handle complex scenarios, surpassing the limitations of visual-only localization methods. However, existing methods mostly focus on addressing the cross-modal gaps, estimating camera poses frame by frame without conside...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.11335v1
2309.11335
2023-09-20
computer-graphics
2D Active Brownian run-and-tumble particles moment analysis
We study an active Brownian run-and-tumble particle (ABRTP) model, that consists of an active Brownian run state during which the active velocity of the particle diffuses on the unit circle, and a tumble state during which the active velocity is zero, both with exponentially distributed time. Additionally we add a harm...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20352v1
2504.20352
2025-04-29
computer-graphics
2D additive small-world network with distance-dependent interactions
In this work, we have employed Monte Carlo calculations to study the Ising model on a 2D additive small-world network with long-range interactions depending on the geometric distance between interacting sites. The network is initially defined by a regular square lattice and with probability $p$ each site is tested for ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.02033v1
2409.02033
2024-09-03
computer-graphics
2D Ambipolar Vertical Transistors as Control-free Reconfigurable Logic Devices
As transistor footprint scales down to sub-10 nm regime, the process development for advancing to further technology nodes has encountered slowdowns. Achieving greater functionality within a single chip requires concurrent development at the device, circuit, and system levels. Reconfigurable transistors possess the cap...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.08746v1
2309.08746
2023-09-15
computer-graphics
2D Amodal Instance Segmentation Guided by 3D Shape Prior
Amodal instance segmentation aims to predict the complete mask of the occluded instance, including both visible and invisible regions. Existing 2D AIS methods learn and predict the complete silhouettes of target instances in 2D space. However, masks in 2D space are only some observations and samples from the 3D model i...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-19818-2_10
null
2022-06-01
computer-graphics
2D and 3D CNN-Based Fusion Approach for COVID-19 Severity Prediction from 3D CT-Scans
Since the appearance of Covid-19 in late 2019, Covid-19 has become an active research topic for the artificial intelligence (AI) community. One of the most interesting AI topics is Covid-19 analysis of medical imaging. CT-scan imaging is the most informative tool about this disease. This work is part of the 3nd COV19D ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08740v1
2303.08740
2023-03-15
computer-graphics
2D and 3D Computer Graphics Algorithms under MorphoSys
This paper presents new mappings of 2D and 3D geometrical transformation on the MorphoSys (M1) reconfigurable computing (RC) prototype [2]. This improves the system performance as a graphics accelerator [1-5]. Three algorithms are mapped including two for calculating 2D transformations, and one for 3D transformations. ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12609v1
1904.12609
2019-04-11
computer-graphics
2D and 3D convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations perturbed by a subdifferential and applications to control problems
The following convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (CBF) equations (or damped Navier-Stokes equations) with potential \begin{equation*} \frac{\partial \boldsymbol{y}}{\partial t}-\mu \Delta\boldsymbol{y}+(\boldsymbol{y}\cdot\nabla)\boldsymbol{y}+\alpha\boldsymbol{y}+\beta|\boldsymbol{y}|^{r-1}\boldsymbol{y}+\nabla p+\Psi(\b...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.01527v2
2301.01527
2023-01-04
computer-graphics
2D and 3D CT Radiomic Features Performance Comparison in Characterization of Gastric Cancer: A Multi-center Study
Objective: Radiomics, an emerging tool for medical image analysis, is potential towards precisely characterizing gastric cancer (GC). Whether using one-slice 2D annotation or whole-volume 3D annotation remains a long-time debate, especially for heterogeneous GC. We comprehensively compared 2D and 3D radiomic features' ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.16640v1
2210.16640
2022-10-29
computer-graphics
2D and 3D Deep Learning Models for MRI-based Parkinson's Disease Classification: A Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Graph Convolutional Networks
Parkinson's Disease (PD) diagnosis remains challenging. This study applies Convolutional Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (ConvKANs), integrating learnable spline-based activation functions into convolutional layers, for PD classification using structural MRI. The first 3D implementation of ConvKANs for medical imaging is pr...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17380v2
2407.17380
2024-07-24
computer-graphics
2-D and 3-D Models of Convective Turbulence and Oscillations in Intermediate-Mass Main-Sequence Stars
We present multidimensional modeling of convection and oscillations in main-sequence stars somewhat more massive than the Sun, using three separate approaches: 1) Using the 3-D planar StellarBox radiation hydrodynamics code to model the envelope convection zone and part of the radiative zone. Our goals are to examine t...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04455v1
1605.04455
2016-05-14
computer-graphics
2D and 3D Segmentation of uncertain local collagen fiber orientations in SHG microscopy
Collagen fiber orientations in bones, visible with Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, represent the inner structure and its alteration due to influences like cancer. While analyses of these orientations are valuable for medical research, it is not feasible to analyze the needed large amounts of local orientat...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.12868v1
1907.12868
2019-07-30
computer-graphics
2D and 3D topological phases in BiTe$X$ compounds
Recently, it was shown that quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) phase with a gap wide enough for practical applications can be realized in the ultra thin films constructed from two inversely stacked structural elements of trivial band insulator BiTeI. Here, we study the edge states in the free-standing Bi$_2$Te$_2$I$_2$...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.08127v1
1706.08127
2017-06-25
computer-graphics
2D and 3D Vascular Structures Enhancement via Multiscale Fractional Anisotropy Tensor
The detection of vascular structures from noisy images is a fundamental process for extracting meaningful information in many applications. Most well-known vascular enhancing techniques often rely on Hessian-based filters. This paper investigates the feasibility and deficiencies of detecting curve-like structures using...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00550v1
1902.00550
2019-02-01
computer-graphics
2D Anderson Localization and KPZ sub-Universality Classes : sensitivity to boundary conditions and insensitivity to symmetry classes
We challenge two foundational principles of localization physics by analyzing conductance fluctuations in two dimensions with unprecedented precision: (i) the Thouless criterion, which defines localization as insensitivity to boundary conditions, and (ii) that symmetry determines the universality class of Anderson loca...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17010v1
2504.17010
2025-04-23
computer-graphics
2D antiscatter grid and scatter sampling based CBCT pipeline for image guided radiation therapy
Poor tissue visualization and quantitative accuracy in CBCT is a major barrier in expanding the role of CBCT imaging from target localization to quantitative treatment monitoring and plan adaptations in radiation therapy sessions. To further improve image quality in CBCT, 2D antiscatter grid based scatter rejection was...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.09095v1
2308.09095
2023-08-17
computer-graphics
2D-AoI: Age-of-Information of Distributed Sensors for Spatio-Temporal Processes
The freshness of sensor data is critical for all types of cyber-physical systems. An established measure for quantifying data freshness is the Age-of-Information (AoI), which has been the subject of extensive research. Recently, there has been increased interest in multi-sensor systems: redundant sensors producing samp...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.12789v1
2412.12789
2024-12-17
computer-graphics
2D Attentional Irregular Scene Text Recognizer
Irregular scene text, which has complex layout in 2D space, is challenging to most previous scene text recognizers. Recently, some irregular scene text recognizers either rectify the irregular text to regular text image with approximate 1D layout or transform the 2D image feature map to 1D feature sequence. Though thes...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05708v1
1906.05708
2019-06-13
computer-graphics
2D attractive almost-bosonic anyon gases
In two-dimensional space, we consider a system of $N$ anyons interacts via a short range attractive two-body interaction. In the stable regime, we derive the average-field Pauli functional as the mean-field limit of many-body quantum mechanics. Furthermore, we investigate the collapse phenomenon in the collapse regime ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.00409v1
2409.00409
2024-08-31
computer-graphics
2D Azimuthal Space for Au + Au Mid-Central Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 200 GeV
In this paper we will show that one can summarize the major two particle reaction plane azimuthal correlations for Au + Au mid-central collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 200 GeV by defining a 2D azimuthal space which is a summary of the event by event average.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07597v1
1910.07597
2019-10-16
computer-graphics
2D BAO vs 3D BAO: Hints for new physics?
In the era of tensions, when precision cosmology is blooming, numerous new theoretical models are emerging. However, it's crucial to pause and question the extent to which the observational data we rely on are model-dependent. In this work, we study the comoving position of the acoustic peak, a cornerstone standard rul...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.05453v1
2406.05453
2024-06-08
computer-graphics
2D BAO vs 3D BAO: solving the Hubble tension with an alternative cosmological model
Ordinary 3D Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data are model-dependent, requiring the assumption of a cosmological model to calculate comoving distances during data reduction. Throughout the present-day literature, the assumed model is $\Lambda$CDM. However, it has been pointed out in several recent works that this as...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.04322v3
2407.04322
2024-07-05
computer-graphics
2D Basement Relief Inversion using Sparse Regularization
Basement relief gravimetry is crucial in geophysics, especially for oil exploration and mineral prospecting. It involves solving an inverse problem to infer geological model parameters from observed data. The model represents basement relief with constant-density prisms, and the data reflect gravitational anomalies fro...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14942v1
2410.14942
2024-10-19
computer-graphics
2D Bayesian automated tilted-ring fitting of disk galaxies in large HI galaxy surveys: 2DBAT
We present a novel algorithm based on a Bayesian method for 2D tilted-ring analysis of disk galaxy velocity fields. Compared to the conventional algorithms based on a chi-squared minimisation procedure, this new Bayesian-based algorithm suffers less from local minima of the model parameters even with highly multi-modal...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.02049v1
1709.02049
2017-09-07
computer-graphics
2D Beam Domain Statistical CSI Estimation for Massive MIMO Uplink
In this paper, we investigate the beam domain statistical channel state information (CSI) estimation for the two dimensional (2D) beam based statistical channel model (BSCM) in massive MIMO systems.The problem is to estimate the beam domain channel power matrices (BDCPMs) based on multiple receive pilot signals. A rece...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04695v1
2207.04695
2022-07-11
computer-graphics
2D beam shaping via 1D spatial light modulation
Many emerging reconfigurable optical systems are limited by routing complexity when producing dynamic, two-dimensional (2D) electric fields. Using a gradient-based inverse designed, static phase-mask doublet, we propose an optical system to produce 2D intensity wavefronts using a one-dimensional (1D) intensity Spatial ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.04085v1
2101.04085
2021-01-11
computer-graphics
2D BEM modeling of a singular thermal diffusion free boundary problem with phase change
We report a 2D Boundary Element Method (BEM) modeling of the thermal diffusion-controlled growth of a vapor bubble attached to a heating surface during saturated pool boiling. The transient heat conduction problem is solved in a liquid that surrounds a bubble with a free boundary and in a semi-infinite solid heater. Th...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.07196v1
1601.07196
2016-01-25
computer-graphics
2D bidirectional gated recurrent unit convolutional Neural networks for end-to-end violence detection In videos
Abnormal behavior detection, action recognition, fight and violence detection in videos is an area that has attracted a lot of interest in recent years. In this work, we propose an architecture that combines a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) and a 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect violence in v...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07588v1
2409.07588
2024-09-11
computer-graphics
2D Black Holes, Bianchi I Cosmologies, and $α'$
We report two surprising results on $\alpha'$ corrections in string theory restricted to massless fields. First, for critical dimension Bianchi type I cosmologies with $q$ scale factors only $q-1$ of them have non-trivial $\alpha'$ corrections. In particular, for FRW backgrounds all $\alpha'$ corrections are trivial. S...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06763v2
2304.06763
2023-04-13
computer-graphics
2D Black Phosphorus Carbide: Rippling and Formation of Nanotubes
The allotropes of a new layered material, phosphorus carbide (PC), have been predicted recently and a few of these predicted structures have already been successfully fabricated. Herein, by using first-principles calculations we investigated the effects of rippling a PC monolayer, one of the most stable modifications o...
http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.08093v1
2002.08093
2020-02-19
computer-graphics
2D-Block Geminals: a non 1-orthogonal and non 0-seniority model with reduced computational complexity
We present a new geminal product wave function ansatz where the geminals are not constrained to be strongly orthogonal nor to be of seniority zero. Instead, we introduce weaker orthogonality constraints between geminals which significantly lower the computational effort, without sacrificing the indistinguishability of ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00834v4
2209.00834
2022-09-02
computer-graphics
2D capsid formation within an oscillatory energy landscape: orderly self-assembly depends on the interplay between a dynamic potential and intrinsic relaxation times
Multiple dissipative self-assembly protocols designed to create novel structures or to reduce kinetic traps have recently emerged. Specifically, temporal oscillations of particle interactions have been shown effective at both aims, but investigations thus far have focused on systems of simple colloids or their binary m...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.11765v2
2404.11765
2024-04-17
computer-graphics
2D Car Detection in Radar Data with PointNets
For many automated driving functions, a highly accurate perception of the vehicle environment is a crucial prerequisite. Modern high-resolution radar sensors generate multiple radar targets per object, which makes these sensors particularly suitable for the 2D object detection task. This work presents an approach to de...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.08414v3
1904.08414
2019-04-17
computer-graphics
2d Cardy-Rabinovici model with the modified Villain lattice: Exact dualities and symmetries
The Cardy-Rabinovici model is a toy model of the lattice $U(1)$ gauge theories to study various oblique confinement states associated with the nonzero $\theta$ angles. We reformulate the $2$d version of this model using the modified Villain lattice formalism, and we establish the exact $\theta$ periodicity for the Witt...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19412v1
2505.19412
2025-05-26
computer-graphics
2D cellular automaton model for the evolution of active region coronal plasmas
We study a 2D cellular automaton (CA) model for the evolution of coronal loop plasmas. The model is based on the idea that coronal loops are made of elementary magnetic strands that are tangled and stressed by the displacement of their footpoints by photospheric motions. The magnetic stress accumulated between neighbor...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.03883v1
1607.03883
2016-07-13
computer-graphics
2D CFT Partition Functions at Late Times
We consider the late time behavior of the analytically continued partition function $Z(\beta + it) Z(\beta - it)$ in holographic $2d$ CFTs. This is a probe of information loss in such theories and in their holographic duals. We show that each Virasoro character decays in time, and so information is not restored at the ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.04592v1
1611.04592
2016-11-14
computer-graphics
2D CFTs - Large Charge is not enough
In this note we study two-dimensional CFTs at large global charge. Since the large-charge sector decouples from the dynamics, it does not control the dynamics and an EFT construction that works in higher-dimensional theories fails. It is however possible to use large charge in a double-scaling limit when another contro...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.03286v2
2112.03286
2021-12-06
computer-graphics
2D chemical evolution models II. Effects of multiple spiral arm patterns on O, Eu, Fe and Ba abundance gradients
According to observations and numerical simulations, the Milky Way could exhibit several spiral arm modes with multiple pattern speeds, wherein the slower patterns are located at larger Galactocentric distances. Our aim is to quantify the effects of the spiral arms on the azimuthal variations of the chemical abundances...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.11504v1
2310.11504
2023-10-17
computer-graphics
2D chemical evolution model: the impact of galactic disc asymmetries on azimuthal chemical abundance variations
Galactic disc chemical evolution models generally ignore azimuthal surface density variation that can introduce chemical abundance azimuthal gradients. Recent observations, however, have revealed chemical abundance changes with azimuth in the gas and stellar components of both the Milky Way and external galaxies. To qu...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.11196v3
1811.11196
2019-06-24
computer-graphics
2-D Cluster Variation Method Free Energy: Fundamentals and Pragmatics
Despite being invented in 1951 by R. Kikuchi, the 2-D Cluster Variation Method (CVM), has not yet received attention. Nevertheless, this method can usefully characterize 2-D topographies using just two parameters; the activation enthalpy and the interaction enthalpy. This Technical Report presents 2-D CVM details, incl...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.09366v1
1909.09366
2019-09-20
computer-graphics
2-D Coherence Factor for Sidelobe and Ghost Suppressions in Radar Imaging
The coherence factor (CF) is defined as the ratio of coherent power to incoherent power received by the radar aperture. The incoherent power is computed by the multi-antenna receiver based on only the spatial variable. In this respect, it is a one-dimensional (1-D) CF, and thereby the image sidelobes in down-range cann...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10119v1
1903.10119
2019-03-25
computer-graphics
2-D Compass Codes
The compass model on a square lattice provides a natural template for building subsystem stabilizer codes. The surface code and the Bacon-Shor code represent two extremes of possible codes depending on how many gauge qubits are fixed. We explore threshold behavior in this broad class of local codes by trading locality ...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.01193v2
1809.01193
2018-11-19
computer-graphics
2D condensate of electrons and holes in ultrathin MoTe$_2$ photocells
The electron-hole liquid, which features a macroscopic population of correlated electrons and holes, may offer a path to room temperature semiconductor devices that harness collective electronic phenomena. We report on the gas-to-liquid phase transition of electrons and holes in ultrathin molybdenum ditelluride photoce...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06917v1
1711.06917
2017-11-18
computer-graphics
2D Constrained Navier-Stokes Equations
We study 2D Navier-Stokes equations with a constraint on $L^2$ energy of the solution. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a global solution for the constrained Navier-Stokes equation on $\R^2$ and $\T$, by a fixed point argument. We also show that the solution of constrained Navier-Stokes converges to the solutio...
http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08360v1
1606.08360
2016-06-27
computer-graphics