title
string | abstract
string | url
string | arxiv_id
string | date
string | category
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1% VS 100%: Parameter-Efficient Low Rank Adapter for Dense Predictions
|
Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained vision models to downstream tasks is a standard technique for achieving state-of-the-art performance on computer vision benchmarks. However, fine-tuning the whole model with millions of parameters is inefficient as it requires storing a same-sized new model copy for each task. In this work, we propose LoRand, a method for fine-tuning large-scale vision models with a better trade-off between task performance and the number of trainable parameters. LoRand generates tiny adapter structures with low-rank synthesis while keeping the original backbone parameters fixed, resulting in high parameter sharing. To demonstrate LoRand's effectiveness, we implement extensive experiments on object detection, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation tasks. By only training a small percentage (1% to 3%) of the pre-trained backbone parameters, LoRand achieves comparable performance to standard fine-tuning on COCO and ADE20K and outperforms fine-tuning in low-resource PASCAL VOC dataset.
|
http://openaccess.thecvf.com//content/CVPR2023/html/Yin_1_VS_100_Parameter-Efficient_Low_Rank_Adapter_for_Dense_Predictions_CVPR_2023_paper.html
| null |
2023-01-01
|
cybersecurity
|
1-Wasserstein Distance on the Standard Simplex
|
Wasserstein distances provide a metric on a space of probability measures. We
consider the space $\Omega$ of all probability measures on the finite set $\chi
= \{1, \dots ,n\}$ where $n$ is a positive integer. 1-Wasserstein distance,
$W_1(\mu,\nu)$ is a function from $\Omega \times \Omega$ to $[0,\infty)$. This
paper derives closed form expressions for the First and Second moment of $W_1$
on $\Omega \times \Omega$ assuming a uniform distribution on $\Omega \times
\Omega$.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.04945v1
|
1912.04945
|
2019-12-10
|
cybersecurity
|
1-well-covered graphs revisited
|
A graph is well-covered if all its maximal independent sets are of the same
size (M. D. Plummer, 1970). A well-covered graph is 1-well-covered if the
deletion of every vertex leaves a graph which is well-covered as well (J. W.
Staples, 1975). A graph G belongs to class W_{n} if every n pairwise disjoint
independent sets in G are included in $n$ pairwise disjoint maximum independent
sets (J. W. Staples, 1975). Clearly, W_{1} is the family of all well-covered
graphs. It turns out that G belongs to W_{2} if and only if it is a
1-well-covered graph without isolated vertices. We show that deleting a
shedding vertex does not change the maximum size of a maximal independent set
including a given independent set A in a graph G. Specifically, for
well-covered graphs, it means that the vertex v is shedding if and only if G-v
is well-covered. In addition, we provide new characterizations of
1-well-covered graphs, which we further use in building 1-well-covered graphs
by corona, join, and concatenation operations.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03972v3
|
1610.03972
|
2016-12-12
|
cybersecurity
|
1WHSP: an IR-based sample of $\sim$1,000 VHE $\gamma$-ray blazar candidates
|
Blazars are the dominant type of extragalactic sources at microwave and at
$\gamma$-ray energies. In the most energetic part of the electromagnetic
spectrum (E>100GeV) a large fraction of high Galactic latitude sources are
blazars of the High Synchrotron Peaked (HSP) type, that is BL Lac objects with
synchrotron power peaking in the UV or in the X-ray band. HSP blazars are
remarkably rare, with only a few hundreds of them expected to be above the
sensitivity limits of currently available surveys. To find these very uncommon
objects, we have devised a method that combines ALLWISE survey data with
multi-frequency selection criteria. The sample was defined starting from a
primary list of infrared colour-colour selected sources from the ALLWISE all
sky survey database, and applying further restrictions on IR-radio and IR-X-ray
flux ratios. Using a polynomial fit to the multi-frequency data (radio to
X-ray) we estimated synchrotron peak frequencies and fluxes of each object. We
assembled a sample including 992 sources, which is currently the largest
existing list of confirmed and candidates HSP blazars. All objects are expected
to radiate up to the highest $\gamma$-ray photon energies. In fact, 299 of
these are confirmed emitters of GeV $\gamma$-ray photons (based on Fermi-LAT
catalogues), and 36 have already been detected in the TeV band. The majority of
sources in the sample are within reach of the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope
Array (CTA), and many may be detectable even by the current generation of
Cherenkov telescopes during flaring episodes. The sample includes 425
previously known blazars, 151 new identifications, and 416 HSP candidates
(mostly faint sources) for which no optical spectra is available yet. The full
1WHSP catalogue is on-line at http://www.asdc.asi.it/1whsp/ providing a direct
link to the SED building tool where multifrequency data can be easily
visualised.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.02801v1
|
1504.02801
|
2015-04-10
|
cybersecurity
|
1-WL Expressiveness Is (Almost) All You Need
|
It has been shown that a message passing neural networks (MPNNs), a popular family of neural networks for graph-structured data, are at most as expressive as the first-order Weisfeiler-Leman (1-WL) graph isomorphism test, which has motivated the development of more expressive architectures. In this work, we analyze if the limited expressiveness is actually a limiting factor for MPNNs and other WL-based models in standard graph datasets. Interestingly, we find that the expressiveness of WL is sufficient to identify almost all graphs in most datasets. Moreover, we find that the classification accuracy upper bounds are often close to 100\%. Furthermore, we find that simple WL-based neural networks and several MPNNs can be fitted to several datasets. In sum, we conclude that the performance of WL/MPNNs is not limited by their expressiveness in practice.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10156v1
|
2202.10156
|
2022-02-21
|
cybersecurity
|
1 x 1 Rush Hour with Fixed Blocks is PSPACE-complete
|
Consider $n^2-1$ unit-square blocks in an $n \times n$ square board, where each block is labeled as movable horizontally (only), movable vertically (only), or immovable -- a variation of Rush Hour with only $1 \times 1$ cars and fixed blocks. We prove that it is PSPACE-complete to decide whether a given block can reach the left edge of the board, by reduction from Nondeterministic Constraint Logic via 2-color oriented Subway Shuffle. By contrast, polynomial-time algorithms are known for deciding whether a given block can be moved by one space, or when each block either is immovable or can move both horizontally and vertically. Our result answers a 15-year-old open problem by Tromp and Cilibrasi, and strengthens previous PSPACE-completeness results for Rush Hour with vertical $1 \times 2$ and horizontal $2 \times 1$ movable blocks and 4-color Subway Shuffle.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.09914v2
|
2003.09914
|
2020-03-22
|
cybersecurity
|
1xN DWDM channel selective quantum frequency conversion
|
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is a key technology for realizing high-capacity and flexible quantum communication networks. In addition, to realize the emerging quantum internet, quantum frequency conversion is also essential for bridging different quantum systems over optical fiber networks. In this work, we demonstrate a channel-selective quantum frequency conversion (CS-QFC), which allows active selection of the frequency of the converted photon from multiple DWDM channels. The 2.5 THz bandwidth of our CS-QFC system shows the ability to establish a 100-ch DWDM dynamic link from a single quantum system. It promises to increase the diversity of the quantum network.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.08025v1
|
2409.08025
|
2024-09-12
|
cybersecurity
|
1xN Pattern for Pruning Convolutional Neural Networks
|
Though network pruning receives popularity in reducing the complexity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), it remains an open issue to concurrently maintain model accuracy as well as achieve significant speedups on general CPUs. In this paper, we propose a novel 1xN pruning pattern to break this limitation. In particular, consecutive N output kernels with the same input channel index are grouped into one block, which serves as a basic pruning granularity of our pruning pattern. Our 1xN pattern prunes these blocks considered unimportant. We also provide a workflow of filter rearrangement that first rearranges the weight matrix in the output channel dimension to derive more influential blocks for accuracy improvements and then applies similar rearrangement to the next-layer weights in the input channel dimension to ensure correct convolutional operations. Moreover, the output computation after our 1xN pruning can be realized via a parallelized block-wise vectorized operation, leading to significant speedups on general CPUs. The efficacy of our pruning pattern is proved with experiments on ILSVRC-2012. For example, given the pruning rate of 50% and N=4, our pattern obtains about 3.0% improvements over filter pruning in the top-1 accuracy of MobileNet-V2. Meanwhile, it obtains 56.04ms inference savings on Cortex-A7 CPU over weight pruning. Our project is made available at https://github.com/lmbxmu/1xN.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14713v6
|
2105.14713
|
2021-05-31
|
cybersecurity
|
$1/x$ Probability Distribution in a Close Proximity of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld Sandpile
|
The mechanism of self-organized criticality is based on a steady slow loading and a quick huge stress-release. We add the clustering of the events in space and time to the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld cellular automaton and obtain the truncated $1/x$ probability distribution of the events over their sizes.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.04375v1
|
2105.04375
|
2021-05-10
|
cybersecurity
|
1+ XTZ States within QCD Sum Rules
|
We present improved estimates of the couplings, masses and mass ratios of the $X_Q, Z_Q$ and $T_{QQ\bar q\bar q'}$ states using (inverse) QCD Laplace sum rules (LSR), their ratios ${\cal R}$ and double ratios (DRSR), within stability criteria. We conclude that the observed $X_c(3872)$ and $Z_c(3900)$ are tetramoles states (superposition of quasi-degenerated molecule and tetraquark states having similar couplings to the currents) with the predicted masses: $M_{{\cal T}_{X_c}}=3876(44)$ MeV and $M_{{\cal T}_{Z_c}}=3900(42)$ MeV. We also do an extensive analysis of the four-quark nature of different $T_{QQ\bar q\bar q'}$ axial-vector states. Then, combining ${\cal R}$ and DRSR, we reanalyze the observed state $X_c(3872)$ and we obtain a precise prediction of $M_{T_{cc}^{1^+}}$=3886(6) MeV. Extending to the beauty sector, we find the results: $M_{{\cal T}_{Z_b}}=10579(99)$ MeV and $M_{X_b}=10545(131)$ MeV. Finally, we confront our combined LSR $\oplus$ DRSR results with the ones from some other approaches (lattices and quark models).
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.12136v1
|
2212.12136
|
2022-12-23
|
cybersecurity
|
$(1-ε)$-approximate fully dynamic densest subgraph: linear space and faster update time
|
We consider the problem of maintaining a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximation to the densest subgraph (DSG) in an undirected multigraph as it undergoes edge insertions and deletions (the fully dynamic setting). Sawlani and Wang [SW20] developed a data structure that, for any given $\epsilon > 0$, maintains a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximation with $O(\log^4 n/\epsilon^6)$ worst-case update time for edge operations, and $O(1)$ query time for reporting the density value. Their data structure was the first to achieve near-optimal approximation, and improved previous work that maintained a $(1/4 - \epsilon)$ approximation in amortized polylogarithmic update time [BHNT15]. In this paper we develop a data structure for $(1-\epsilon)$-approximate DSG that improves the one from [SW20] in two aspects. First, the data structure uses linear space improving the space bound in [SW20] by a logarithmic factor. Second, the data structure maintains a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximation in amortized $O(\log^2 n/\epsilon^4)$ time per update while simultaneously guaranteeing that the worst case update time is $O(\log^3 n \log \log n/\epsilon^6)$. We believe that the space and update time improvements are valuable for current large scale graph data sets. The data structure extends in a natural fashion to hypergraphs and yields improvements in space and update times over recent work [BBCG22] that builds upon [SW20].
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.02611v1
|
2210.02611
|
2022-10-06
|
cybersecurity
|
$(1-ε)$-Approximate Maximum Weighted Matching in Distributed, Parallel, and Semi-Streaming Settings
|
The maximum weighted matching (MWM) problem is one of the most well-studied combinatorial optimization problems in distributed graph algorithms. Despite a long development on the problem, and the recent progress of Fischer, Mitrovic, and Uitto [FMU22] who gave a $\text{poly}(1/\epsilon, \log n)$-round algorithm for obtaining a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximate solution for unweighted maximum matching, it had been an open problem whether a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximate MWM can be obtained in $\text{poly}(1/\epsilon, \log n)$ rounds in the CONGEST model. Algorithms with such running times were only known for special graph classes such as bipartite graphs [AKO18] and minor-free graphs [CS22]. For general graphs, the previously known algorithms require exponential in $(1/\epsilon)$ rounds for obtaining a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximate solution [FFK21] or achieve an approximation factor of at most 2/3 [AKO18]. In this work, we settle this open problem by giving a deterministic $\text{poly}(1/\epsilon, \log n)$-round algorithm for computing a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximate MWM for general graphs in the CONGEST model. Our proposed solution extends the algorithm of Fischer, Mitrovic, and Uitto [FMU22], blends in the sequential algorithm from Duan and Pettie [DP14] and the work of Faour, Fuchs, and Kuhn [FFK21]. Interestingly, this solution also implies a CREW PRAM algorithm with $\text{poly}(1/\epsilon, \log n)$ span using only $O(m)$ processors. In addition, with the reduction from Gupta and Peng [GP13], we further obtain a semi-streaming algorithm with $\text{poly}(1/\epsilon)$ passes. When $\epsilon$ is smaller than a constant $o(1)$ but at least $1/\log^{o(1)} n$, our algorithm is more efficient than both Ahn and Guha's $\text{poly}(1/\epsilon, \log n)$-passes algorithm [AG13] and Gamlath, Kale, Mitrovic, and Svensson's $(1/\epsilon)^{O(1/\epsilon^2)}$-passes algorithm [GKMS19].
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.14425v2
|
2212.14425
|
2022-12-29
|
cybersecurity
|
$(1+ε)$-Approximate Shortest Paths in Dynamic Streams
|
Computing approximate shortest paths in the dynamic streaming setting is a fundamental challenge that has been intensively studied during the last decade. Currently existing solutions for this problem either build a sparse multiplicative spanner of the input graph and compute shortest paths in the spanner offline, or compute an exact single source BFS tree. Solutions of the first type are doomed to incur a stretch-space tradeoff of $2\kappa-1$ versus $n^{1+1/\kappa}$, for an integer parameter $\kappa$. (In fact, existing solutions also incur an extra factor of $1+\epsilon$ in the stretch for weighted graphs, and an additional factor of $\log^{O(1)}n$ in the space.) The only existing solution of the second type uses $n^{1/2 - O(1/\kappa)}$ passes over the stream (for space $O(n^{1+1/\kappa})$), and applies only to unweighted graphs. In this paper we show that $(1+\epsilon)$-approximate single-source shortest paths can be computed in this setting with $\tilde{O}(n^{1+1/\kappa})$ space using just \emph{constantly} many passes in unweighted graphs, and polylogarithmically many passes in weighted graphs (assuming $\epsilon$ and $\kappa$ are constant). Moreover, in fact, the same result applies for multi-source shortest paths, as long as the number of sources is $O(n^{1/\kappa})$. We achieve these results by devising efficient dynamic streaming constructions of $(1 + \epsilon, \beta)$-spanners and hopsets. We believe that these constructions are of independent interest.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13309v2
|
2107.13309
|
2021-07-28
|
cybersecurity
|
$(1-ε)$-Approximation of Knapsack in Nearly Quadratic Time
|
Knapsack is one of the most fundamental problems in theoretical computer science. In the $(1 - \epsilon)$-approximation setting, although there is a fine-grained lower bound of $(n + 1 / \epsilon) ^ {2 - o(1)}$ based on the $(\min, +)$-convolution hypothesis ([K{\"u}nnemann, Paturi and Stefan Schneider, ICALP 2017] and [Cygan, Mucha, Wegrzycki and Wlodarczyk, 2017]), the best algorithm is randomized and runs in $\tilde O\left(n + (\frac{1}{\epsilon})^{11/5}/2^{\Omega(\sqrt{\log(1/\epsilon)})}\right)$ time [Deng, Jin and Mao, SODA 2023], and it remains an important open problem whether an algorithm with a running time that matches the lower bound (up to a sub-polynomial factor) exists. We answer the question positively by showing a deterministic $(1 - \epsilon)$-approximation scheme for knapsack that runs in $\tilde O(n + (1 / \epsilon) ^ {2})$ time. We first extend a known lemma in a recursive way to reduce the problem to $n \epsilon$-additive approximation for $n$ items with profits in $[1, 2)$. Then we give a simple efficient geometry-based algorithm for the reduced problem.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07004v3
|
2308.07004
|
2023-08-14
|
cybersecurity
|
200,000 Candidate Very Metal-poor Stars in Gaia DR3 XP Spectra
|
Very metal-poor stars ($\rm[Fe/H] < -2$) in the Milky Way are fossil records of early chemical evolution and the assembly and structure of the Galaxy. However, they are rare and hard to find. Gaia DR3 has provided over 200 million low-resolution ($R \approx 50$) XP spectra, which provides an opportunity to greatly increase the number of candidate metal-poor stars. In this work, we utilise the \texttt{XGBoost} classification algorithm to identify $\sim$200,000 very metal-poor star candidates. Compared to past work, we increase the candidate metal-poor sample by about an order of magnitude, with comparable or better purity than past studies. Firstly, we develop three classifiers for bright stars ($BP$ $<$ 16). They are Classifier-T (for Turn-off stars), Classifier-GC (for Giant stars with high completeness), and Classifier-GP (for Giant stars with high purity) with expected purity of 52\%/45\%/76\% and completeness of 32\%/93\%/66\% respectively. These three classifiers obtained a total of 11,000/111,000/44,000 bright metal-poor candidates. We apply model-T and model-GP on faint stars ($BP$ $>$ 16) and obtain 38,000/41,000 additional metal-poor candidates with purity 29\%/52\%, respectively. We make our metal-poor star catalogs publicly available, for further exploration of the metal-poor Milky Way.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17676v2
|
2303.17676
|
2023-03-30
|
cybersecurity
|
2000-times repeated imaging of strontium atoms in clock-magic tweezer arrays
|
We demonstrate single-atom resolved imaging with a survival probability of
$0.99932(8)$ and a fidelity of $0.99991(1)$, enabling us to perform repeated
high-fidelity imaging of single atoms in tweezers for thousands of times. We
further observe lifetimes under laser cooling of more than seven minutes, an
order of magnitude longer than in previous tweezer studies. Experiments are
performed with strontium atoms in $813.4~\text{nm}$ tweezer arrays, which is at
a magic wavelength for the clock transition. Tuning to this wavelength is
enabled by off-magic Sisyphus cooling on the intercombination line, which lets
us choose the tweezer wavelength almost arbitrarily. We find that a single not
retro-reflected cooling beam in the radial direction is sufficient for
mitigating recoil heating during imaging. Moreover, this cooling technique
yields temperatures below $5~\mu$K, as measured by release and recapture.
Finally, we demonstrate clock-state resolved detection with average survival
probability of $0.996(1)$ and average state detection fidelity of $0.981(1)$.
Our work paves the way for atom-by-atom assembly of large defect-free arrays of
alkaline-earth atoms, in which repeated interrogation of the clock transition
is an imminent possibility.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.06014v3
|
1811.06014
|
2018-12-11
|
cybersecurity
|
2001 SN263 -- the contribution of their irregular shapes on the neighborhood dynamics
|
The first proposed Brazilian mission to deep space, the ASTER mission, has the triple asteroid system (153591) 2001 SN263 as a target. One of the mission's main goals is to analyze the physical and dynamical structures of the system to understand its origin and evolution. The present work aims to analyze how the asteroid's irregular shape interferes with the stability around the system. The results show that the irregular shape of the bodies plays an important role in the dynamics nearby the system. For instance, the perturbation due to the (153591) 2001 SN263 Alpha's shape affects the stability in the (153591) 2001 SN263 Gamma's vicinity. Similarly, the (153591) 2001 SN263 Beta's irregularity causes a significant instability in its nearby environment. As expected, the prograde case is the most unstable, while the retrograde scenario presents more stability. Additionally, we investigate how the solar radiation pressure perturbs particles of different sizes orbiting the triple system. We found that particles with a 10-50 cm radius could survive the radiation pressure for the retrograde case. Meanwhile, to resist solar radiation, the particles in prograde orbit must be larger than the particles in retrograde orbits, at least one order of magnitude.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.01726v1
|
2207.01726
|
2022-07-04
|
cybersecurity
|
2003-2018 Monitoring of the Crab Nebula Polarization in hard X-rays with INTEGRAL SPI
|
We have analyzed 16 years of observations dedicated to the Crab (pulsar +
nebula) with the INTEGRAL SPI instrument to investigate its polarization
properties. We find that the source presents a substantially polarized emission
(PF = 24%) in the hard X-ray domain, with the electric vector aligned with the
pulsar spin axis, in agreement with other results at various wavelengths. The
stability of the polarization characteristics with energy and over the 16 years
covered by the data is remarkable, completing the standard candle status of the
source in the spectral domain. The polarization measurements imply that the
synchrotron emission is the dominant mechanism of photon production from radio
to hard X-rays. The high level of polarized emission points out the steadiness
of the source, in particular of the magnetic field configuration and geometry.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.09341v1
|
1907.09341
|
2019-07-22
|
cybersecurity
|
2003-2019 Monitoring of the Crab emission through INTEGRAL SPI, or vice versa
|
The Crab Nebula is used by many instruments as a calibration source, in
particular at high energy, where it is one of the brightest celestial object.
The spectrometer INTEGRAL SPI (20 keV - 8 MeV), in operation since October
2002, offers a large dataset dedicated to this source, with regular campaigns
planned twice per year. We have analyzed the available data to quantify the
source behavior on a long term scale and examine the stability level on
timescales from hour to years. As a result, the source flux variability appears
to be contained within less than +/- 5% around a ~ 20 yr mean value, for broad
bands covering the 20 keV - 400 keV energy domain, above which statistic limits
any firm conclusion. In term of spectral shape, the Band model provides a good
description of the observed emission between 20 keV and 2.2 MeV. The averaged
spectrum best fit parameters correspond to a low energy slope of 1.99 +/- 0.01,
a high energy slope of -2.32 +/- 0.02 and a characteristic energy E c of 531
+/- 50 keV to describe the curvature joining both power laws. The spectral
parameters have then been determined on the revolution timescale (~ 1 to 2
days) and their steadiness confirms the source emission stability.
As a complementary result, this study demonstrates that the SPI instrument
efficiency remains within 5% of its initial value, after 17 years of operation.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.11519v1
|
2007.11519
|
2020-07-22
|
cybersecurity
|
2004 EW95: A phyllosilicate bearing carbonaceous asteroid in the Kuiper Belt
|
Models of the Solar System's dynamical evolution predict the dispersal of
primitive planetesimals from their formative regions amongst the gas-giant
planets due to the early phases of planetary migration. Consequently,
carbonaceous objects were scattered both into the outer asteroid belt and out
to the Kuiper Belt. These models predict that the Kuiper Belt should contain a
small fraction of objects with carbonaceous surfaces, though to date, all
reported visible reflectance spectra of small Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) are
linear and featureless. We report the unusual reflectance spectrum of a small
KBO, (120216) 2004 EW95, exhibiting a large drop in its near-UV reflectance and
a broad shallow optical absorption feature centered at ~700 nm which is
detected at greater than 4-sigma significance. These features, confirmed
through multiple epochs of spectral photometry and spectroscopy, have
respectively been associated with ferric oxides and phyllosilicates. The
spectrum bears striking resemblance to those of some C-type asteroids,
suggesting that 2004 EW95 may share a common origin with those objects. 2004
EW95 orbits the Sun in a stable mean motion resonance with Neptune, at
relatively high eccentricity and inclination, suggesting it may have been
emplaced there by some past dynamical instability. These results appear
consistent with the aforementioned model predictions and are the first to show
a reliably confirmed detection of silicate material on a small KBO.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.10163v3
|
1801.10163
|
2018-03-12
|
cybersecurity
|
2004 TT357: A potential contact binary in the Trans-Neptunian belt
|
We report photometric observations of the trans-Neptunian object
2004~TT$_{357}$ obtained in 2015 and 2017 using the 4.3~m Lowell's Discovery
Channel Telescope. We derive a rotational period of 7.79$\pm$0.01~h and a
peak-to-peak lightcurve amplitude of 0.76$\pm$0.03~mag. 2004 TT$_{357}$
displays a large variability that can be explained by a very elongated single
object or can be due to a contact/close binary. The most likely scenario is
that 2004 TT$_{357}$ is a contact binary. If it is in hydrostatic equilibrium,
we find that the lightcurve can be explained by a system with a mass ratio
q$_{min}$=0.45$\pm$0.05, and a density of $\rho_{min}$=2g cm$^{-3}$, or less
likely a system with q$_{max}$=0.8$\pm$0.05, and $\rho_{max}$=5g cm$^{-3}$.
Considering a single triaxial ellipsoid in hydrostatic equilibrium, we derive a
lower limit to the density of 0.78g cm$^{-3}$, and an elongation (a/b) of 2.01
assuming an equatorial view. From Hubble Space Telescope data, we report no
resolved companion orbiting 2004 TT$_{357}$. Despite an expected high fraction
of contact binaries in the trans-Neptunian belt, 2001 QG$_{298}$ is the unique
confirmed contact binary in the trans-Neptunian belt, and 2004 TT$_{357}$ is
only the second candidate to this class of systems, with 2003 SQ$_{317}$.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.09927v1
|
1707.09927
|
2017-07-31
|
cybersecurity
|
2005 VL1 is not Venera-2
|
The solar system object 2005 VL1 passed close to Earth in late 1965. It has been suggested that it is actually the space probe Venera-2. However, a comparison of the orbits presented in this note demonstrates that the proposed association is incorrect.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07972v2
|
2503.07972
|
2025-03-11
|
cybersecurity
|
2008 OG$_{19}$: A highly elongated Trans-Neptunian Object
|
From two observing runs during the 2014 summer at Calar Alto Observatory in
Almer\'ia (Spain) and at Sierra Nevada Observatory in Granada (Spain), we were
able to derive CCD photometry of the Trans-Neptunian Object 2008 OG$_{19}$. We
analyzed the time series and obtained a double-peaked light curve with a peak
to valley amplitude of (0.437 $\pm$ 0.011) mag and a rotational period of
(8.727$\pm$ 0.003) h. This implies that this object is very elongated, closely
resembling Varuna's case. The photometry also allowed us to obtain an absolute
magnitude in R-band of (4.39 $\pm$ 0.07) mag. From this result we estimated an
equivalent diameter of 2008 OG$_{19}$ which is 619$^{+56}_{-113}$ km using an
average albedo for Scattered Disk Objects. Finally we interpreted the results
under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium and found a lower limit for the
density of 544$^{+42}_{-4}$ kg$\,$m$^{-3}$. However, a more likely density is
(609 $\pm$ 4) kg$\,$m$^{-3}$ using an aspect angle of 60$^\circ$, which
corresponds to the most likely configuration for the spin axis with respect to
the observer assuming random orientations.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06584v1
|
1511.06584
|
2015-11-20
|
cybersecurity
|
200Gb/s VCSEL transmission using 60m OM4 MMF and KP4 FEC for AI computing clusters
|
We show a beyond 200Gb/s VCSEL transmission experiment. Results are based on 35GHz VCSEL and advanced DSP. We show an AIR of 245Gb/s PAM-6 back-to-back, and 200Gb/s PAM-4 over 60m OM4 fiber assuming KP4-FEC.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17275v1
|
2403.17275
|
2024-03-25
|
cybersecurity
|
200K+ Crowdsourced Political Arguments for a New Chilean Constitution
|
In this paper we present the dataset of 200,000+ political arguments produced in the local phase of the 2016 Chilean constitutional process. We describe the human processing of this data by the government officials, and the manual tagging of arguments performed by members of our research group. Afterwards we focus on classification tasks that mimic the human processes, comparing linear methods with neural network architectures. The experiments show that some of the manual tasks are suitable for automatization. In particular, the best methods achieve a 90{\%} top-5 accuracy in a multi-class classification of arguments, and 65{\%} macro-averaged F1-score for tagging arguments according to a three-part argumentation model.
|
https://aclanthology.org/W17-5101
| null |
2017-09-01
|
cybersecurity
|
200mm Optical synthetic aperture imaging over 120 meters distance via Macroscopic Fourier ptychography
|
Fourier ptychography (FP) imaging, drawing on the idea of synthetic aperture, has been demonstrated as a potential approach for remote sub-diffraction-limited imaging. Nevertheless, the farthest imaging distance is still limited around 10 m even though there has been a significant improvement in macroscopic FP. The most severely issue in increasing the imaging distance is field of view (FoV) limitation caused by far-field condition for diffraction. Here, we propose to modify the Fourier far-field condition for rough reflective objects, aiming to overcome the small FoV limitation by using a divergent beam to illuminate objects. A joint optimization of pupil function and target image is utilized to attain the aberration-free image while estimating the pupil function simultaneously. Benefiting from the optimized reconstruction algorithm which effectively expands the camera's effective aperture, we experimentally implement several FP systems suited for imaging distance of 12 m, 65 m and 120m with the maximum synthetic aperture of 200 mm. The maximum synthetic aperture is thus improved by more than one order of magnitude of the state-of-the-art works from the furthest distance, with an over fourfold improvement in the resolution compare to single aperture. Our findings demonstrate significant potential for advancing the field of macroscopic FP, propelling it into a new stage of development.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.14515v2
|
2310.14515
|
2023-10-23
|
cybersecurity
|
200 MV Record Voltage Of vCM And LCLS-II-HE Cryomodules Production Start At Fermilab
|
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is an X-ray science facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The LCLS-II project (an upgrade to LCLS) is in the commissioning phase; the LCLS-II-HE (High Energy) project is another upgrade to the facility, enabling higher energy operation. An electron beam is accelerated using superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities built into cryomodules. It is planned to build 24 1.3 GHz standard cryomodules and one 1.3 GHz single-cavity Buncher Capture Cavity (BCC) cryomodule for the LCLS-II-HE project. Fourteen of these standard cryomodules and the BCC are planned to be assembled and tested at Fermilab. Procurements for standard cryomodule components are nearing completion. The first LCLS-II-HE cryomodule, referred to as the verification cryomodule (vCM) was assembled and tested at Fermilab. Fermilab has completed the assembly of the second cryomodule. This paper presents LCLS-II-HE cryomodule production status at Fermilab, emphasizing the changes done based on the successes, challenges, mitigations, and lessons learned from LCLS-II; validation of the changes with the excellent vCM results.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.12780v1
|
2208.12780
|
2022-08-26
|
cybersecurity
|
200x Low-dose PET Reconstruction using Deep Learning
|
Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in various clinical
applications, including cancer diagnosis, heart disease and neuro disorders.
The use of radioactive tracer in PET imaging raises concerns due to the risk of
radiation exposure. To minimize this potential risk in PET imaging, efforts
have been made to reduce the amount of radio-tracer usage. However, lowing dose
results in low Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) and loss of information, both of
which will heavily affect clinical diagnosis. Besides, the ill-conditioning of
low-dose PET image reconstruction makes it a difficult problem for iterative
reconstruction algorithms. Previous methods proposed are typically complicated
and slow, yet still cannot yield satisfactory results at significantly low
dose. Here, we propose a deep learning method to resolve this issue with an
encoder-decoder residual deep network with concatenate skip connections.
Experiments shows the proposed method can reconstruct low-dose PET image to a
standard-dose quality with only two-hundredth dose. Different cost functions
for training model are explored. Multi-slice input strategy is introduced to
provide the network with more structural information and make it more robust to
noise. Evaluation on ultra-low-dose clinical data shows that the proposed
method can achieve better result than the state-of-the-art methods and
reconstruct images with comparable quality using only 0.5% of the original
regular dose.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1712.04119v1
|
1712.04119
|
2017-12-12
|
cybersecurity
|
200 Years of the Navier-Stokes Equation
|
The year 2022 marked the 200th anniversary of the first appearance of the Navier-Stokes equation, a landmark in Fluid Dynamics introduced by Claude-Louis Navier in 1822. This equation revolutionized the understanding of fluid motion by incorporating viscosity and friction into the equations, expanding their applicability beyond idealized fluids. In this manuscript, we explore the historical development of the Navier-Stokes equation and its profound impact on Fluid Dynamics over the past two centuries. From Navier's initial insights to George Stokes' experimental validations and subsequent contributions by other scientists, we trace the evolution of this equation. We also delve into its practical applications, including its role in the development of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The Navier-Stokes equation has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of fluid behavior, making it a cornerstone of modern science and engineering.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13669v1
|
2401.13669
|
2023-10-14
|
cybersecurity
|
2010 August 1-2 sympathetic eruptions: II. Magnetic topology of the MHD background field
|
Using a potential field source surface (PFSS) model, we recently analyzed the
global topology of the background coronal magnetic field for a sequence of
coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that occurred on 2010 August 1-2. Here we repeat
this analysis for the background field reproduced by a magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD) model that incorporates plasma thermodynamics. As for the PFSS model, we
find that all three CME source regions contain a coronal hole that is separated
from neighboring coronal holes by topologically very similar pseudo-streamer
structures. However, the two models yield very different results for the size,
shape, and flux of the coronal holes. We find that the helmet-streamer cusp
line, which corresponds to a source-surface null line in the PFSS model, is
structurally unstable and does not form in the MHD model. Our analysis
indicates that generally, in MHD configurations, this line rather consists of a
multiple-null separator passing along the edge of disconnected flux regions.
Some of these regions are transient and may be the origin of so-called streamer
blobs. We show that the core topological structure of such blobs is a
three-dimensional "plasmoid", consisting of two conjoined flux ropes of
opposite handedness, which connect at a spiral null point of the magnetic
field. Our analysis reveals that such plasmoids appear also in pseudo-streamers
on much smaller scales. These new insights into the coronal magnetic topology
provide some intriguing implications for solar energetic particle events and
for the properties of the slow solar wind.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.07773v1
|
1707.07773
|
2017-07-24
|
cybersecurity
|
2013-2016 review: HE Neutrino and UHECR Astronomy?
|
The last few years, 2013-2016, the high energy neutrino events in ICECUBE and
the last rich UHECR maps by AUGER and TA were hopefully opening a new High
Energy astronomy age. Unfortunately the foreseen correlation between neutrino
with best gamma X sources has not (yet) been found. The most celebrated GRB
gamma sources do not correlate to any neutrino events. The expected Local Group
anisotropy in UHECR within the nuleon GZK cut off, has just fade away. UHECR
events from Virgo are almost absent. Above two hundred TeV energy tau neutrino
might shine by double bang in detectable way in ICECUBE. Within a dozen of
events no tau neutrino arised (yet) in ICECUBE. Finally GRBs Fireball models
calling since decades for HE neutrinos correlated imprint at TeVs energy are
not (yet) found. So many absences are making a huge question mark: is there a
new reading key?
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.00021v1
|
1702.00021
|
2017-01-31
|
cybersecurity
|
2014 Update of the Discoveries of Nuclides
|
The 2014 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Only six
new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2014 while the assignments of
seventeen other nuclides were revised. In addition, for another fourteen
nuclides the laboratories where they were discovered were reassigned.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06761v1
|
1501.06761
|
2015-01-27
|
cybersecurity
|
2015 Southern Taurid fireballs and asteroids 2005 UR and 2005 TF50
|
On the night of Oct 31, 2015 two bright Southern Taurid fireballs occurred
over Poland, being one of the most spectacular bolides of this shower in recent
years. The first fireball - PF311015a Okonek - was detected by six video
stations of Polish Fireball Network (PFN) and photographed by several
bystanders, allowing for precise determination of the trajectory and orbit of
the event. The PF311015a Okonek entered Earth's atmosphere with the velocity of
33.2 +\- 0.1 km/s and started to shine at height of 117.88 +\- 0.05 km. The
maximum brightness of -16.0 +\- 0.4 mag was reached at height of 82.5 +\- 0.1
km. The trajectory of the fireball ended at height of 60.2 +\- 0.2 km with
terminal velocity of 30.2 +\- 1.0 km/s.
The second fireball - PF311015b Ostrowite - was detected by six video
stations of PFN. It started with velocity of 33.2 +\- 0.1 km/s at height of
108.05 +\- 0.02 km. The peak brightness of -14.8 +\- 0.5 mag was recorded at
height of 82.2 +\- 0.1 km. The terminal velocity was 31.8 +\- 0.5 km/s and was
observed at height of 57.86 +\- 0.03 km.
The orbits of both fireballs are similar not only to orbits of Southern
Taurids and comet 2P/Encke, but even closer resemblance was noticed for orbits
of 2005 UR and 2005 TF50 asteroids. Especially the former object is interesting
because of its close flyby during spectacular Taurid maximum in 2005. We
carried out a further search to investigate the possible genetic relationship
of Okonek and Ostrowite fireballs with both asteroids, that are considered to
be associated with Taurid complex. Although, we could not have confirmed
unequivocally the relation between fireballs and these objects, we showed that
both asteroids could be associated, having the same origin in a disruption
process that separates them.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.06283v1
|
1605.06283
|
2016-05-20
|
cybersecurity
|
2016 Google Scholar Metrics released: a matter of languages... and something else
|
The 2016 edition of Google Scholar Metrics was released on July 15th 2016.
There haven't been any structural changes respect to previous versions, which
means that most of its limitations still persist. The biggest changes are the
addition of five new language rankings (Russian, Korean, Polish, Ukrainian, and
Indonesian) and elimination of two other language rankings (Italian and Dutch).
In addition, for reasons still unknown, this new edition doesn't include as
many working paper and discussion paper series as previous editions.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06260v1
|
1607.06260
|
2016-07-21
|
cybersecurity
|
2016 outburst of H~1743--322: \textit{XMM-Newton} and \textit{NuSTAR} view
|
We report the detection of type C QPO along with the upper harmonic in the
commensurate ratio of 1:2 in the two observations of the low-mass black hole
transient H~1743--322 jointly observed by \textit{XMM-Newton} and
\textit{NuSTAR} during the 2016 outburst. We find that the QPO and the upper
harmonic exhibit shifts in their centroid frequencies in the second observation
with respect to the first one. The hardness intensity diagram implies that in
contrast to 2008 and 2014 failed outbursts, 2016 outburst was a successful one.
We also detect the presence of a broad iron K$\alpha$ line at $\sim$6.5 keV and
reflection hump in the energy range of 15--30 keV in both the observations.
Along with the shape of the power density spectra, the nature of the
characteristic frequencies and the fractional rms amplitude of the timing
features imply that the source stayed in the low/hard state during these
observations. Moreover, photon index and other spectral parameters also
indicate the low/hard state behavior of the source. Unlike the soft lag
detected in this source during the 2008 and 2014 failed outbursts, we observe
hard time-lag of $0.40\pm0.15$ and $0.32\pm0.07$ s in the 0.07--0.4 Hz
frequency range in the two observations during the 2016 outburst. The
correlation between the photon index and the centroid frequency of the QPO is
consistent with the previous results. Furthermore, the high value of the
Comptonized fraction and the weak thermal component indicate that the QPO is
being modulated by the Comptonization process.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.09245v1
|
2003.09245
|
2020-03-20
|
cybersecurity
|
2016 Update of the discovery of nuclides
|
The 2016 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Only twelve
new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2016. A large number of
isotopes is still only published in conference proceedings or internal reports.
No changes to earlier assignments were made.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.07169v1
|
1704.07169
|
2017-04-24
|
cybersecurity
|
2016 Update of the $\mathrm{t\bar{t}H}$ Multilepton Analysis at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV
|
The latest results from the search for a Standard Model Higgs boson produced
in association with a top quark pair ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}H}$) at $\sqrt{s} = 13$
TeV decaying to final states with multiple leptons is presented using the 2016
dataset from the CMS experiment. The Higgs decays into either WW*, ZZ*, or
$\tau\tau$, and the top quark pair decays considered are either fully leptonic,
or semi-leptonic. The leptons defining the final states are muons and/or
electrons. The overall analysis strategy, as well as new techniques with
respect to the 2015 results are outlined.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.07812v1
|
1612.07812
|
2016-12-22
|
cybersecurity
|
2017 Outburst of H 1743-322: AstroSat and Swift View
|
We perform a comprehensive timing and broadband spectral analysis using an AstroSat observation of the low-mass black hole X-ray binary H~1743--322 during 2017 outburst. Additionally, we use two Swift/XRT observations, one of which is simultaneous with AstroSat and the other taken three days earlier, for timing analysis. The hardness-intensity diagram indicates that the 2017 outburst was a failed one unlike the previous successful outburst in 2016. We detect type C quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the simultaneous AstroSat and Swift/XRT observations at $\sim0.4$ Hz, whereas an upper harmonic is noticed at $\sim0.9$ Hz in the AstroSat data only. Although these features are found to be energy independent, we notice a shift of $\sim0.08$ Hz in the QPO frequency over the interval of three days. We also investigate the nature of variability in the two consecutive failed outbursts in 2017 and 2018. We detect soft time lags of $23.2\pm12.2$ ms and $140\pm80$ ms at the type C QPO frequencies in 2017 Astrosat and 2018 XMM-Newton data, respectively. The lag-energy spectra from both the outbursts suggest that the soft lags may be associated with the reflection features. The broadband spectral analysis indicates that the source was in the low/hard state during our AstroSat observation. Modeling of the disk and reflection continuum suggests the presence of a significantly truncated accretion disk by at least $27.4~r_{\rm{g}}$ from the ISCO when the source luminosity is $\sim1.6\%$ of the Eddington luminosity.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10253v1
|
2409.10253
|
2024-09-16
|
cybersecurity
|
2017 Robotic Instrument Segmentation Challenge
|
In mainstream computer vision and machine learning, public datasets such as
ImageNet, COCO and KITTI have helped drive enormous improvements by enabling
researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of different algorithms
via performance comparison. However, this type of approach has had limited
translation to problems in robotic assisted surgery as this field has never
established the same level of common datasets and benchmarking methods. In 2015
a sub-challenge was introduced at the EndoVis workshop where a set of robotic
images were provided with automatically generated annotations from robot
forward kinematics. However, there were issues with this dataset due to the
limited background variation, lack of complex motion and inaccuracies in the
annotation. In this work we present the results of the 2017 challenge on
robotic instrument segmentation which involved 10 teams participating in
binary, parts and type based segmentation of articulated da Vinci robotic
instruments.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.06426v2
|
1902.06426
|
2019-02-18
|
cybersecurity
|
2017 Update of the Discoveries of Nuclides
|
The 2017 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. 34 new
nuclides were observed for the first time in 2017. However, the assignment of
six previously identified nuclides had to be retracted.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.03612v1
|
1802.03612
|
2018-02-10
|
cybersecurity
|
2018 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules
|
To date, 204 individual molecular species, comprised of 16 different
elements, have been detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by
astronomical observations. These molecules range in size from two atoms to
seventy, and have been detected across the electromagnetic spectrum from
cm-wavelengths to the ultraviolet. This census presents a summary of the first
detection of each molecular species, including the observational facility,
wavelength range, transitions, and enabling laboratory spectroscopic work, as
well as listing tentative and disputed detections. Tables of molecules detected
in interstellar ices, external galaxies, protoplanetary disks, and exoplanetary
atmospheres are provided. A number of visual representations of this aggregate
data are presented and briefly discussed in context.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.09132v1
|
1809.09132
|
2018-09-24
|
cybersecurity
|
2018 Low-Power Image Recognition Challenge
|
The Low-Power Image Recognition Challenge (LPIRC,
https://rebootingcomputing.ieee.org/lpirc) is an annual competition started in
2015. The competition identifies the best technologies that can classify and
detect objects in images efficiently (short execution time and low energy
consumption) and accurately (high precision). Over the four years, the winners'
scores have improved more than 24 times. As computer vision is widely used in
many battery-powered systems (such as drones and mobile phones), the need for
low-power computer vision will become increasingly important. This paper
summarizes LPIRC 2018 by describing the three different tracks and the winners'
solutions.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.01732v1
|
1810.01732
|
2018-10-03
|
cybersecurity
|
2018 NASA Laboratory Astrophysics Workshop: Scientific Organizing Committee Report
|
This report provides detailed findings on the critical laboratory
astrophysics data needs that are required to maximize the scientific return for
NASA's current and near-term planned astrophysics missions. It also provides
prioritized rankings on said laboratory astrophysics data, generally by
waveband. The Report is based on community input gathered at the 2018 NASA
Laboratory Astrophysics Workshop (LAW) from presentations, from discussions
during workshop breakout sessions, and from other solicited input deemed
appropriate by the Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) obtained prior to and
after the meeting. Hence, the Report is a direct reflection of the spirit and
participant make-up of LAW 2018. The Report also outlines specific
opportunities and threats facing NASA's Laboratory Astrophysics Program, and
articulates concrete actions by which the Agency can capitalize on the
opportunities and mitigate the challenges. The Report was prepared by the SOC,
with help from some invited speakers, and input and review from community
members.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.11361v1
|
2001.11361
|
2020-01-29
|
cybersecurity
|
2018 Robotic Scene Segmentation Challenge
|
In 2015 we began a sub-challenge at the EndoVis workshop at MICCAI in Munich using endoscope images of ex-vivo tissue with automatically generated annotations from robot forward kinematics and instrument CAD models. However, the limited background variation and simple motion rendered the dataset uninformative in learning about which techniques would be suitable for segmentation in real surgery. In 2017, at the same workshop in Quebec we introduced the robotic instrument segmentation dataset with 10 teams participating in the challenge to perform binary, articulating parts and type segmentation of da Vinci instruments. This challenge included realistic instrument motion and more complex porcine tissue as background and was widely addressed with modifications on U-Nets and other popular CNN architectures. In 2018 we added to the complexity by introducing a set of anatomical objects and medical devices to the segmented classes. To avoid over-complicating the challenge, we continued with porcine data which is dramatically simpler than human tissue due to the lack of fatty tissue occluding many organs.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.11190v3
|
2001.11190
|
2020-01-30
|
cybersecurity
|
2018 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
|
We present updated results for $\varepsilon_K$ determined directly from the
standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$,
$|V_{us}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $F_K$, and $m_c$. We find that
the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and other lattice QCD inputs
describes only 70% of the experimental value of $|\varepsilon_K|$ and does not
explain its remaining 30%, which leads to a strong tension in $|\varepsilon_K|$
at the $4\sigma$ level between the SM theory and experiment. We also find that
this tension disappears when we use the inclusive value of $|V_{cb}|$ obtained
using the heavy quark expansion based on QCD sum rules.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.09761v1
|
1810.09761
|
2018-10-23
|
cybersecurity
|
2019/20 Lessons from $\tau (\Omega_c^0)$ \& $\tau (\Xi_c^0)$ and {\bf CP} asymmetry in charm decays
|
Our 2003 "Cicerone" had discussed charm dynamics with different directions
and levels \cite{CICERONE}. Here we focus on two items, where the `landscape'
has changed sizably. (A) The lifetimes \& semi-leptonic decays of charm hadrons
show the impact of non-perturbative QCD and to which degree one can apply Heavy
Quark Expansion (HQE) for charm hadrons. It is more complex as we have learnt
from 2019/20 data. (B) {\bf CP} asymmetry has been established in 2019
\cite{LHCbGuy}: $\Delta A_{\bf CP} \equiv A_{\bf CP}(D^0 \to K^+K^-) - A_{\bf
CP}(D^0 \to \pi^+\pi^-) $=$\, -\, (1.54 \pm 0.29 ) \cdot 10^{-3}$ is quite an
achievement by the LHCb collaboration! Our community is at the beginning of a
long travel for fundamental dynamics. Can the SM account for these? We discuss
the assumptions that were made up to 2018 data and new conclusions from 2019/20
ones. We need more data; however, one has to discuss correlations between
different transitions. We give an {\bf Appendix} what we have learnt for large
{\bf CP} asymmetry in $K_L \to \pi^+\pi^-e^+e^-$.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.06908v3
|
2001.06908
|
2020-07-28
|
cybersecurity
|
2019 Evolutionary Algorithms Review
|
Evolutionary algorithm research and applications began over 50 years ago. Like other artificial intelligence techniques, evolutionary algorithms will likely see increased use and development due to the increased availability of computation, more robust and available open source software libraries, and the increasing demand for artificial intelligence techniques. As these techniques become more adopted and capable, it is the right time to take a perspective of their ability to integrate into society and the human processes they intend to augment. In this review, we explore a new taxonomy of evolutionary algorithms and resulting classifications that look at five main areas: the ability to manage the control of the environment with limiters, the ability to explain and repeat the search process, the ability to understand input and output causality within a solution, the ability to manage algorithm bias due to data or user design, and lastly, the ability to add corrective measures. These areas are motivated by today's pressures on industry to conform to both societies concerns and new government regulatory rules. As many reviews of evolutionary algorithms exist, after motivating this new taxonomy, we briefly classify a broad range of algorithms and identify areas of future research.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08870v1
|
1906.08870
|
2019-06-03
|
cybersecurity
|
2019 UO$_{14}$: A Transient Trojan of Saturn
|
Saturn has long been the only giant planet in our solar system without any known Trojan members. In this paper, with serendipitous archival observations and refined orbit determination, we report that 2019 UO$_{14}$ is a Trojan of the gas giant. However, the object is only a transient Trojan currently librating around the leading Lagrange point $L_4$ of the Sun-Saturn system in a period of $\sim\!0.7$ kyr. Our N-body numerical simulation shows that 2019 UO$_{14}$ was likely captured as a Centaur and became trapped around $L_4$ $\sim\!2$ kyr ago from a horseshoe coorbital. The current Trojan state will be maintained for another millennium or thereabouts before transitioning back to a horseshoe state. Additionally, we characterize the physical properties of 2019 UO$_{14}$. Assuming a linear phase slope of $0.06 \pm 0.01$ mag/deg, the mean $r$-band absolute magnitude of the object was determined to be $H_r = 13.11 \pm 0.07$, with its color measured to be consistent with those of Jupiter and Neptune Trojans and not statistically different from Centaurs. Although the short-lived Saturn Trojan exhibited no compelling evidence of activity in the observations, we favour the possibility that it could be an active Trojan. If confirmed, 2019 UO$_{14}$ would be marked as the first active Trojan in our solar system. We conservatively determine the optical depth of dust within our photometric aperture to be $\lesssim\!10^{-7}$, corresponding to a dust mass-loss rate to be $\lesssim\!1$ kg s$^{-1}$, provided that the physical properties of dust grains resemble Centaur 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19725v1
|
2409.19725
|
2024-09-29
|
cybersecurity
|
2019 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
|
We present updated results for $\varepsilon_K$ determined directly from the
standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$,
$|V_{us}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that
the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and other lattice QCD inputs
describes only 65\% of the experimental value of $|\varepsilon_K|$ and does not
explain its remaining 35\%, which leads to a strong tension in
$|\varepsilon_K|$ at the $4.6\sigma \sim 4.2\sigma$ level between the SM theory
and experiment. We also find that this tension disappears when we use the
inclusive value of $|V_{cb}|$ obtained using the heavy quark expansion based on
QCD sum rules.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03024v2
|
1912.03024
|
2019-12-11
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 CATARACTS Semantic Segmentation Challenge
|
Surgical scene segmentation is essential for anatomy and instrument localization which can be further used to assess tissue-instrument interactions during a surgical procedure. In 2017, the Challenge on Automatic Tool Annotation for cataRACT Surgery (CATARACTS) released 50 cataract surgery videos accompanied by instrument usage annotations. These annotations included frame-level instrument presence information. In 2020, we released pixel-wise semantic annotations for anatomy and instruments for 4670 images sampled from 25 videos of the CATARACTS training set. The 2020 CATARACTS Semantic Segmentation Challenge, which was a sub-challenge of the 2020 MICCAI Endoscopic Vision (EndoVis) Challenge, presented three sub-tasks to assess participating solutions on anatomical structure and instrument segmentation. Their performance was assessed on a hidden test set of 531 images from 10 videos of the CATARACTS test set.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10965v2
|
2110.10965
|
2021-10-21
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 Global reassessment of the neutrino oscillation picture
|
We present an updated global fit of neutrino oscillation data in the simplest
three-neutrino framework. In the present study we include up-to-date analyses
from a number of experiments. Namely, we have included all T2K measurements as
of December 2019, the most recent NO$\nu$A antineutrino statistics, and data
collected by the Daya Bay and RENO reactor experiments. Concerning the
atmospheric and solar sectors, we have also updated our analyses of DeepCore
and SNO data, respectively. All in all, these new analyses result in more
accurate measurements of $\theta_{13}$, $\theta_{12}$, $\Delta m_{21}^2$ and
$|\Delta m_{31}^2|$. The best fit value for the atmospheric angle $\theta_{23}$
lies in the second octant, but first octant solutions remain allowed at
$\sim2\sigma$. Regarding CP violation measurements, the preferred value of
$\delta$ we obtain is 1.20$\pi$ (1.54$\pi$) for normal (inverted) neutrino mass
ordering. These new results should be regarded as extremely robust due to the
excellent agreement found between our Bayesian and frequentist approaches.
Taking into account only oscillation data, there is a preference for the normal
neutrino mass ordering at the $2.7\sigma$ level. While adding neutrinoless
double beta decay from the latest Gerda, CUORE and KamLAND-Zen results barely
modifies this picture, cosmological measurements raise the significance to
$3.1\sigma$ within a conservative approach. A more aggressive data set
combination of cosmological observations leads to a stronger preference for
normal with respect to inverted mass ordering, at the $3.3\sigma$ level. This
cosmological data set provides $2\sigma$ upper limits on the total neutrino
mass corresponding to $\sum m_\nu<0.13$ ($0.15$)~eV in the normal (inverted)
neutrino mass ordering scenario. These bounds are among the most complete ones
in the literature, as they include all currently available neutrino physics
inputs.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11237v1
|
2006.11237
|
2020-06-19
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 Ian Snook Prize Problem : Three Routes to the Information Dimensions for a One-Dimensional Stochastic Random Walk and for an Equivalent Prototypical Two-Dimensional Baker Map
|
The \$1000 Ian Snook Prize for 2020 will be awarded to the author(s) of the
most interesting paper exploring a pair of relatively simple, but fractal,
models of nonequilibrium systems, a dissipative time-reversible Baker Map and
an equivalent stochastic random walk. The two-dimensional deterministic,
time-reversible, chaotic, fractal, and dissipative Baker map is equivalent to
the stochastic one-dimensional random walk model for which three distinct
estimates for the information dimension, $\{ \ 0.7897,\ 0.741_5, \ 0.7337 \ \}$
have all been put forward. So far there is no cogent explanation for the
differences among them. We describe the three routes to the information
dimension, $D_I$: [ 1 ] iterated Cantor-like mappings, [ 2 ] mesh-based
analyses of single-point iterations, and [ 3 ] the Kaplan-Yorke Lyapunov
dimension, thought by many to be exact for these models. We encourage
colleagues to address this Prize Problem by suggesting, testing, and analyzing
mechanisms underlying these differing results.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.12642v3
|
1910.12642
|
2019-11-10
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 NDSA Agenda for Digital Stewardship
|
The NDSA Agenda is a comprehensive overview of the state of global digital
preservation. It casts its eye over current research trends, grants, projects,
and various efforts spanning the preservation ecosystem. The agenda identifies
successes and ongoing challenges in addition to providing some tangible
recommendations to both researcher and practitioner alike. As both an overview
and comprehensive dive into digital preservation issues, the audience ranges
from high level to hands on experts. Funders can use this report as a signpost
for the overall state of the profession.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05474v1
|
2005.05474
|
2020-05-11
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 Nobel Prize for Physics: Black holes and the Milky Way's darkest secret
|
This article was written at the invitation of Current Science to explain the history and Science behind this year's Nobel prize in Physics. The article is aimed at a general audience and provides a popular account and perspective on the subject of black holes.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.06656v1
|
2011.06656
|
2020-11-12
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 Physics Critique: Can a muon collider be operational within the next 30 years?
|
A 2020 physics critique report for Year 4 MSci Physics with Particle Physics & Cosmology with the University of Birmingham, School of Physics & Astronomy. Muon colliders are a proposed next-generation particle accelerator which benefit from the muon's fundamentality and relatively high mass to perform simultaneous high precision, high energy experiments. This critique reviews their physics potential and technological feasibility, then proposes a roadmap for how a 3 TeV muon collider could be built, concluding that it is experimentally possible for a muon collider to be operational in 30 years.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13781v1
|
2502.13781
|
2025-02-19
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 State of the Octoverse: Finding Balance Between Work and Play
|
Over the past year, many developers and other technology professionals have transitioned to a remote-first world, as COVID-19 pressed organizations to support working from home whenever possible. This shift quickly changed the routines and environments where we work and learn, redrawing the lines between personal and professional lives. How does this affect the ways we develop and deliver software, both at work and in our open source projects?
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10248v1
|
2110.10248
|
2021-10-19
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 State of the Octoverse: Securing the World's Software
|
Open source is the connective tissue for much of the information economy. You would be hard-pressed to find a scenario where your data does not pass through at least one open source component. Many of the services and technology we all rely on, from banking to healthcare, also rely on open source software. The artifacts of open source code serve as critical i infrastructure for much of the global economy, making the security of open source software mission-critical to the world.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10246v1
|
2110.10246
|
2021-10-19
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 UK Lockdown Cyber Narratives: the Secure, the Insecure and the Worrying
|
On the 23rd March 2020, the UK entered a period of lockdown in the face of a
deadly pandemic. While some were unable to work from home, many organisations
were forced to move their activities online. Here, we discuss the technologies
they used, from a privacy and security perspective. We also mention the
communication failures that have exacerbated uncertainty and anxiety during the
crisis. An organisation could be driven to move their activities online by a
range of disasters, of which a global pandemic is only one. We seek, in this
paper, to highlight the need for organisations to have contingency plans in
place for this kind of eventuality. The insecure usages and poor communications
we highlight are a symptom of a lack of advance pre-pandemic planning. We hope
that this paper will help organisations to plan more effectively for the
future.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06340v2
|
2006.06340
|
2020-06-19
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 U.S. presidential election in swing states: Gender differences in Twitter conversations
|
Social media is commonly used by the public during election campaigns to express their opinions regarding different issues. Among various social media channels, Twitter provides an efficient platform for researchers and politicians to explore public opinion regarding a wide range of topics such as the economy and foreign policy. Current literature mainly focuses on analyzing the content of tweets without considering the gender of users. This research collects and analyzes a large number of tweets and uses computational, human coding, and statistical analyses to identify topics in more than 300,000 tweets posted during the 2020 U.S. presidential election and to compare female and male users regarding the average weight of the discussed topics. Our findings are based upon a wide range of topics, such as tax, climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of the topics, there exists a significant difference between female and male users for more than 70% of topics.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.09416v2
|
2108.09416
|
2021-08-21
|
cybersecurity
|
2020 Vision: Towards a Sustainable OIR System
|
Open-access telescopes of all apertures are needed to operate a competitive
and efficient national science program. While larger facilities contribute
light-gathering power and angular resolution, smaller ones dominate for field
of view, time-resolution, and especially, total available observing time,
thereby enabling our entire, diversely-expert community. Smaller aperture
telescopes therefore play a critical and indispensable role in advancing
science. Thus, the divestment of NSF support for modest-aperture (1 - 4 m)
public telescopes poses a serious threat to U.S. scientific leadership, which
is compounded by the unknown consequences of the shift from observations driven
by individual investigators to survey-driven science. Given the much higher
cost efficiency and dramatic science returns for investments in modest aperture
telescopes, it is hard to justify funding only the most expensive facilities.
We therefore urge the Astro2020 panel to explicitly make the case for modest
aperture facilities, and to recommend enhancing this funding stream to support
and grow this critical component of the OIR System. Further study is urgently
needed to prioritize the numerous exciting potential capabilities of smaller
facilities,and to establish sustainable, long-term planning for the System.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06715v1
|
1907.06715
|
2019-07-15
|
cybersecurity
|
2020福爾摩沙臺語語音辨識比賽之初步實驗 (A Preliminary Study of Formosa Speech Recognition Challenge 2020 – Taiwanese ASR)
|
https://aclanthology.org/2021.ijclclp-1.3
| null | null |
cybersecurity
|
|
2021 BEETL Competition: Advancing Transfer Learning for Subject Independence & Heterogenous EEG Data Sets
|
Transfer learning and meta-learning offer some of the most promising avenues to unlock the scalability of healthcare and consumer technologies driven by biosignal data. This is because current methods cannot generalise well across human subjects' data and handle learning from different heterogeneously collected data sets, thus limiting the scale of training data. On the other side, developments in transfer learning would benefit significantly from a real-world benchmark with immediate practical application. Therefore, we pick electroencephalography (EEG) as an exemplar for what makes biosignal machine learning hard. We design two transfer learning challenges around diagnostics and Brain-Computer-Interfacing (BCI), that have to be solved in the face of low signal-to-noise ratios, major variability among subjects, differences in the data recording sessions and techniques, and even between the specific BCI tasks recorded in the dataset. Task 1 is centred on the field of medical diagnostics, addressing automatic sleep stage annotation across subjects. Task 2 is centred on Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI), addressing motor imagery decoding across both subjects and data sets. The BEETL competition with its over 30 competing teams and its 3 winning entries brought attention to the potential of deep transfer learning and combinations of set theory and conventional machine learning techniques to overcome the challenges. The results set a new state-of-the-art for the real-world BEETL benchmark.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.12950v1
|
2202.12950
|
2022-02-14
|
cybersecurity
|
2021 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules
|
To date, 241 individual molecular species, comprised of 19 different elements, have been detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These molecules range in size from two atoms to seventy, and have been detected across the electromagnetic spectrum from cm-wavelengths to the ultraviolet. This census presents a summary of the first detection of each molecular species, including the observational facility, wavelength range, transitions, and enabling laboratory spectroscopic work, as well as listing tentative and disputed detections. Tables of molecules detected in interstellar ices, external galaxies, protoplanetary disks, and exoplanetary atmospheres are provided. A number of visual representations of this aggregate data are presented and briefly discussed in context.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.13848v2
|
2109.13848
|
2021-09-27
|
cybersecurity
|
2021 Drexel Society of Artificial Intelligence Research Conference
|
The 2021 Drexel Society of Artificial Intelligence Research Conference highlights papers focused on a broad set of papers in machine learning. This was our organizations' first annual conference. It was conducted virtually via Zoom. The highlights are currently posted on YouTube.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.05263v3
|
2110.05263
|
2021-08-25
|
cybersecurity
|
2021 Effective Area calibration of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR)
|
We present here the updated calibration of The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray NuSTAR, which was performed using data on the Crab accumulated over the last 9 years in orbit. The basis for this new calibration contains over 250ks of focused Crab (imaged through the optics) and over 500ks of stray-light Crab (not imaged through optics). We measured an epoch averaged Crab spectrum of the stray-light Crab data and define a canonical Crab spectrum of Gamma = 2.103 +- 0.001 and N = 9.69 +- 0.02 keV-1 cm-2 s-1 at 1 keV, which we use as our calibration standard. The new calibration, released in the CALDB update 20211020, provides significant updates to: 1) the detector absorption component, 2) the detector response function, and 3) the effective area vignetting function. The calibration improves agreement between FPMA and FPMB across detectors with a standard deviation of 1.7% for repeat observations between off-axis angles of 1-4 arcmin, and the measured flux has increased by 5-15%, with 5% below 1 arcmin off-axis angle, 10% between 1-2 arcmin, and 15 above 4arcmin.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.11522v1
|
2110.11522
|
2021-10-21
|
cybersecurity
|
2021-$H_0$ Odyssey: Closed, Phantom and Interacting Dark Energy Cosmologies
|
Up-to-date cosmological data analyses have shown that \textit{(a)} a closed universe is preferred by the Planck data at more than $99\%$ CL, and \textit{(b)} interacting scenarios offer a very compelling solution to the Hubble constant tension. In light of these two recent appealing scenarios, we consider here an interacting dark matter-dark energy model with a non-zero spatial curvature component and a freely varying dark energy equation of state in both the quintessential and phantom regimes. When considering Cosmic Microwave Background data only, a phantom and closed universe can perfectly alleviate the Hubble tension, without the necessity of a coupling among the dark sectors. Accounting for other possible cosmological observations compromises the viability of this very attractive scenario as a global solution to current cosmological tensions, either by spoiling its effectiveness concerning the $H_0$ problem, as in the case of Supernovae Ia data, or by introducing a strong disagreement in the preferred value of the spatial curvature, as in the case of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03129v3
|
2101.03129
|
2021-01-08
|
cybersecurity
|
2021 occultations and transits of Linus orbiting (22) Kalliope: I. Polygonal and `cliptracing' algorithm
|
The satellite Linus orbiting the main-belt asteroid (22) Kalliope exhibited occultation and transit events in late 2021. A photometric campaign was organized and observations were taken by the TRAPPIST-South, SPECULOOS-Artemis, OWL-Net, and BOAO telescopes, with the goal to constrain models of this system. Our dynamical model is complex, with multipoles (up to the order $\ell = 2$), internal tides, and external tides. The model was constrained by astrometry (spanning 2001--2021), occultations, adaptive-optics imaging, calibrated photometry, as well as relative photometry. Our photometric model was substantially improved. A new precise (${<}\,0.1\,{\rm mmag}$) light curve algorithm was implemented, based on polygon intersections, which are computed exactly -- by including partial eclipses and partial visibility of polygons. Moreover, we implemented a `cliptracing' algorithm, based again on polygon intersections, in which partial contributions to individual pixels are computed exactly. Both synthetic light curves and synthetic images are then very smooth. Based on our combined solution, we confirmed the size of Linus, $(28\pm 1)\,{\rm km}$. However, this solution exhibits some tension between the light curves and the PISCO speckle-interferometry dataset. In most solutions, Linus is darker than Kalliope, with the albedos $A_{\rm w} = 0.40$ vs. $0.44$. This is confirmed on deconvolved images. A~detailed revision of astrometric data allowed us to revise also the $J_2 \equiv -C_{20}$ value of Kalliope. Most importantly, a~homogeneous body is excluded. For a differentiated body, two solutions exist: low-oblateness ($C_{20} \simeq -0.12$), with a~spherical iron core, and alternatively, high-oblateness ($C_{20} \simeq -0.22$) with an elongated iron core. These correspond to the low- and high-energy collisions, respectively, studied by means of SPH simulations in our previous work.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.04768v1
|
2306.04768
|
2023-06-07
|
cybersecurity
|
2021 superoutburst of WZ Sge-type dwarf nova V627 Pegasi lacks an early superhump phase
|
Superoutbursts in WZ Sge-type dwarf novae (DNe) are characterized by both early superhumps and ordinary superhumps originating from the 2:1 and 3:1 resonances, respectively. However, some WZ Sge-type DNe show a superoutburst lacking early superhumps; it is not well established how these differ from superoutbursts with an early superhump phase. We report time-resolved photometric observations of the WZ Sge-type DN V627 Peg during its 2021 superoutburst. The detection of ordinary superhumps before the superoutburst peak highlights that this 2021 superoutburst of V627 Peg, like that {in} 2014, did not feature an early superhump phase. The duration of stage B superhumps was slightly longer in the 2010 superoutburst accompanying early superhumps than that in the 2014 and 2021 superoutbursts which lacked early superhumps. This result suggests that an accretion disk experiencing the 2:1 resonance may have a larger mass at the inner part of the disk and hence take more time for the inner disk to become eccentric. The presence of a precursor outburst in the 2021 superoutburst suggests that the maximum disk radius should be smaller than that of the 2014 superoutburst, even though the duration of quiescence was longer than that before the 2021 superoutburst. This could be accomplished if the 2021 superoutburst was triggered as an inside-out outburst or if the mass transfer rate in quiescence changes by a factor of two, suggesting that the outburst mechanism and quiescence state of WZ Sge-type DNe may have more variety than ever thought.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17960v1
|
2303.17960
|
2023-03-31
|
cybersecurity
|
2021 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
|
We present recent updates for $\varepsilon_K$ determined directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and other lattice QCD inputs describes only 66\% of the experimental value of $|\varepsilon_K|$ and does not explain its remaining 34\%, which leads to a strong tension in $|\varepsilon_K|$ at the $4.5\sigma \sim 3.7\sigma$ level between the SM theory and experiment. We also find that this tension disappears when we use the inclusive value of $|V_{cb}|$ obtained using the heavy quark expansion based on the QCD sum rule approach.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.11473v2
|
2202.11473
|
2022-02-23
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 Flood Impact in Pakistan: Remote Sensing Assessment of Agricultural and Urban Damage
|
Pakistan was hit by the world's deadliest flood in June 2022, causing agriculture and infrastructure damage across the country. Remote sensing technology offers a cost-effective and efficient method for flood impact assessment. This study is aimed to assess the impact of flooding on crops and built-up areas. Landsat 9 imagery, European Space Agency-Land Use/Land Cover (ESA-LULC) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data are used to identify and quantify the extent of flood-affected areas, crop damage, and built-up area destruction. The findings indicate that Sindh, a province in Pakistan, suffered the most. This impact destroyed most Kharif season crops, typically cultivated from March to November. Using the SMAP satellite data, it is assessed that the high amount of soil moisture after flood also caused a significant delay in the cultivation of Rabi crops. The findings of this study provide valuable information for decision-makers and stakeholders involved in flood risk management and disaster response.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07126v1
|
2410.07126
|
2024-09-21
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 Nobel Prize in Physics and the End of Mechanistic Materialism
|
The ideas and results that are in the background of the 2022 Nobel Prize in physics had an immense impact on our understanding of reality. Therefore, it is crucial that these implications reach also the general public, not only the scientists in the related fields of quantum mechanics. The purpose of this review is to attempt to elucidate these revolutionary changes in our worldview that were eventually acknowledged also by the Nobel's committee, and to do it with very few references to mathematical details (which could be even ignored without undermining the take-away essence of the text). We first look into the foundational disputes between Einstein and Bohr about the nature of quantum mechanics, which culminated in the so-called EPR paradox -- the main impetus for all the research that would ensue in this context. Next, we try to explain the statement of the famous Bell's theorem -- the theorem that relocated the Einstain-Bohr discussions from the realm of philosophy and metaphysics to hard-core physics verifiable by experiments (we also give a brief derivation of the theorem's proof). Then we overview the experimental work of the last year's laureates, that had the final say about who was right in the debate. The outcome of these experiments forced us to profoundly revise our understanding of the universe. Finally, we discuss in more detail the implications of such outcomes, and what are the possible ways that our worldviews can be modified to account for the experimental facts. As we will see, the standard mechanist picture of the universe is no longer a viable option, and can be never again. Nowadays, we know this with certainty unusual for physics, that only a strict mathematical theorem could provide.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.12297v2
|
2308.12297
|
2023-08-11
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 report from the Auger-TA working group on UHECR arrival directions
|
After over 60 years, the powerful engines that accelerate ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) to the formidable energies at which we observe them from Earth remain mysterious. Assuming standard physics, we expect UHECR sources to lie within the local Universe (up to a few hundred~Mpc). The distribution of matter in the local Universe is anisotropic, and we expect this anisotropy to be imprinted on the distribution of UHECR arrival directions. Even though intervening intergalactic and Galactic magnetic fields deflect charged UHECRs and can distort these anisotropies, some amount of information on the distribution of the sources is preserved. In this proceedings contribution, we present the results of the joint Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array searches for (a) the largest-scale anisotropies (the harmonic dipole and quadrupole) and (b) correlations with a sample of nearby starburst galaxies and the 2MRS catalogue tracing stellar mass within~250~Mpc. This analysis updates our previous results with the most recent available data, notably with the addition of 3~years of new Telescope Array data. The main finding is a correlation between the arrival directions of $12.1\%_{-3.1\%}^{+4.5\%}$~of UHECRs detected with $E \geq 38$~EeV by~Auger or with~$E \gtrsim 49$~EeV by~TA and the positions of nearby starburst galaxies on a ${15.1\text{deg}}_{-3.0\text{deg}}^{+4.6\text{deg}}$~angular scale, with a $4.7\sigma$~post-trial significance, up from $4.2\sigma$ obtained in our previous study.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04502v1
|
2302.04502
|
2023-02-09
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 Review of Data-Driven Plasma Science
|
Data science and technology offer transformative tools and methods to science. This review article highlights latest development and progress in the interdisciplinary field of data-driven plasma science (DDPS). A large amount of data and machine learning algorithms go hand in hand. Most plasma data, whether experimental, observational or computational, are generated or collected by machines today. It is now becoming impractical for humans to analyze all the data manually. Therefore, it is imperative to train machines to analyze and interpret (eventually) such data as intelligently as humans but far more efficiently in quantity. Despite the recent impressive progress in applications of data science to plasma science and technology, the emerging field of DDPS is still in its infancy. Fueled by some of the most challenging problems such as fusion energy, plasma processing of materials, and fundamental understanding of the universe through observable plasma phenomena, it is expected that DDPS continues to benefit significantly from the interdisciplinary marriage between plasma science and data science into the foreseeable future.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15832v1
|
2205.15832
|
2022-05-31
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 Roadmap for Materials for Quantum Technologies
|
Quantum technologies are poised to move the foundational principles of quantum physics to the forefront of applications. This roadmap identifies some of the key challenges and provides insights on materials innovations underlying a range of exciting quantum technology frontiers. Over the past decades, hardware platforms enabling different quantum technologies have reached varying levels of maturity. This has allowed for first proof-of-principle demonstrations of quantum supremacy, for example quantum computers surpassing their classical counterparts, quantum communication with reliable security guaranteed by laws of quantum mechanics, and quantum sensors uniting the advantages of high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and small footprints. In all cases, however, advancing these technologies to the next level of applications in relevant environments requires further development and innovations in the underlying materials. From a wealth of hardware platforms, we select representative and promising material systems in currently investigated quantum technologies. These include both the inherent quantum bit systems as well as materials playing supportive or enabling roles, and cover trapped ions, neutral atom arrays, rare earth ion systems, donors in silicon, color centers and defects in wide-band gap materials, two-dimensional materials and superconducting materials for single-photon detectors. Advancing these materials frontiers will require innovations from a diverse community of scientific expertise, and hence this roadmap will be of interest to a broad spectrum of disciplines.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.07309v1
|
2202.07309
|
2022-02-15
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 Roadmap on Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering
|
Modern computation based on the von Neumann architecture is today a mature cutting-edge science. In the Von Neumann architecture, processing and memory units are implemented as separate blocks interchanging data intensively and continuously. This data transfer is responsible for a large part of the power consumption. The next generation computer technology is expected to solve problems at the exascale with 1018 calculations each second. Even though these future computers will be incredibly powerful, if they are based on von Neumann type architectures, they will consume between 20 and 30 megawatts of power and will not have intrinsic physically built-in capabilities to learn or deal with complex data as our brain does. These needs can be addressed by neuromorphic computing systems which are inspired by the biological concepts of the human brain. This new generation of computers has the potential to be used for the storage and processing of large amounts of digital information with much lower power consumption than conventional processors. Among their potential future applications, an important niche is moving the control from data centers to edge devices. The aim of this Roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of neuromorphic technology and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds in the major areas of neuromorphic technology, namely materials, devices, neuromorphic circuits, neuromorphic algorithms, applications, and ethics. The Roadmap is a collection of perspectives where leading researchers in the neuromorphic community provide their own view about the current state and the future challenges. We hope that this Roadmap will be a useful resource to readers outside this field, for those who are just entering the field, and for those who are well established in the neuromorphic community. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac4a83
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.05956v3
|
2105.05956
|
2021-05-12
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 Update of the discoveries of nuclides
|
The 2022 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. It is the first update in four years, and 36 new nuclides were observed for the first time during 2019-2022. Isotopes that have so far only been published in conference proceedings or internal reports are also listed.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.01958v1
|
2303.01958
|
2023-03-03
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
|
We present recent updates for $\varepsilon_K$ determined directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and other lattice QCD inputs describes only 65% of the experimental value of $|\varepsilon_K|$ and does not explain its remaining 35%, which leads to a strong tension in $|\varepsilon_K|$ at the $5.1\sigma \sim 3.9\sigma$ level between the SM theory and experiment. We also find that this tension disappears when we use the inclusive value of $|V_{cb}|$ obtained using the heavy quark expansion based on the QCD sum rule approach, although this inclusive tension is small ($\approx 1.4\sigma$) but keeps increasing as time goes on.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.12375v2
|
2301.12375
|
2023-01-29
|
cybersecurity
|
2022 Upgrade and Improved Low Frequency Camera Sensitivity for CMB Observation at the South Pole
|
Constraining the Galactic foregrounds with multi-frequency Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations is an essential step towards ultimately reaching the sensitivity to measure primordial gravitational waves (PGWs), the sign of inflation after the Big-Bang that would be imprinted on the CMB. The BICEP Array telescope is a set of multi-frequency cameras designed to constrain the energy scale of inflation through CMB B-mode searches while also controlling the polarized galactic foregrounds. The lowest frequency BICEP Array receiver (BA1) has been observing from the South Pole since 2020 and provides 30 GHz and 40 GHz data to characterize the Galactic synchrotron in our CMB maps. In this paper, we present the design of the BA1 detectors and the full optical characterization of the camera including the on-sky performance at the South Pole. The paper also introduces the design challenges during the first observing season including the effect of out-of-band photons on detectors performance. It also describes the tests done to diagnose that effect and the new upgrade to minimize these photons, as well as installing more dichroic detectors during the 2022 deployment season to improve the BA1 sensitivity. We finally report background noise measurements of the detectors with the goal of having photon noise dominated detectors in both optical channels. BA1 achieves an improvement in mapping speed compared to the previous deployment season.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01080v1
|
2208.01080
|
2022-08-01
|
cybersecurity
|
2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments
|
Photonics offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile. Integrated astrophotonic devices stand to offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization, as well as integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including for example the development of photonic lanterns, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings, complex beam combiners to enable long baseline interferometry, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of (1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc, (2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and (3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors, to name a few. In this roadmap, we identify 24 areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with industrial partners who have more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With the advances described herein, multi-functional instruments will be realized leading to novel observing capabilities for both ground and space platforms.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.00615v1
|
2311.00615
|
2023-11-01
|
cybersecurity
|
2023 Low-Power Computer Vision Challenge (LPCVC) Summary
|
This article describes the 2023 IEEE Low-Power Computer Vision Challenge (LPCVC). Since 2015, LPCVC has been an international competition devoted to tackling the challenge of computer vision (CV) on edge devices. Most CV researchers focus on improving accuracy, at the expense of ever-growing sizes of machine models. LPCVC balances accuracy with resource requirements. Winners must achieve high accuracy with short execution time when their CV solutions run on an embedded device, such as Raspberry PI or Nvidia Jetson Nano. The vision problem for 2023 LPCVC is segmentation of images acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, also called drones) after disasters. The 2023 LPCVC attracted 60 international teams that submitted 676 solutions during the submission window of one month. This article explains the setup of the competition and highlights the winners' methods that improve accuracy and shorten execution time.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07153v1
|
2403.07153
|
2024-03-11
|
cybersecurity
|
2023 Update of the Discovery of Nuclides
|
The 2023 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented when thirteen nuclides were observed for the first time. In addition, a major update and revision of the isotope discovery project is described.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17750v1
|
2403.17750
|
2024-03-26
|
cybersecurity
|
2023 update of the extraction of the CKM matrix elements
|
I discuss the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements under the Standard Model (SM) framework from a global fit combining observables that satisfy the double requirement of being precisely known both experimentally and theoretically. The analysis shown here relies on the CKMfitter package, consisting of a frequentist approach that employs the Range fit (Rfit) scheme to handle theoretical uncertainties.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08046v1
|
2405.08046
|
2024-05-13
|
cybersecurity
|
2023 Update of $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
|
We report recent progress on $\varepsilon_K$ evaluated directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $|V_{ud}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and lattice QCD inputs describes only 66\% of the experimental value of $|\varepsilon_K|$ and does not explain its remaining 34\%, which corresponds to a strong tension in $|\varepsilon_K|$ at the $4.9\sigma \sim 3.9\sigma$ level between the SM theory and experiment. We also find that this tension disappears when we use the inclusive value of $|V_{cb}|$ obtained using the heavy quark expansion based on the QCD sum rule approach.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02986v2
|
2312.02986
|
2023-11-20
|
cybersecurity
|
2024 California Community Earth Models for Seismic Hazard Assessments Workshop Report
|
The California Community Earth Models for Seismic Hazard Assessments Workshop (https://www.scec.org/workshops/2024/california-community-models, accessed December 16, 2024) was held online on March 4-5, 2024, with more than 200 participants over two days. In this report, we provide a summary of the key points from the presentations and discussions. We highlight three use cases that drive the development of community Earth models, present an inventory of existing community Earth models in California, summarize a few techniques for integrating and merging models, discuss potential connections with the Cascadia Region Earthquake Science Center (CRESCENT), and discuss what "community" means in community Earth models. Appendix B contains the workshop agenda and Appendix C contains a list of participants.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11545v1
|
2503.11545
|
2025-03-14
|
cybersecurity
|
2024 Google Scholar Research Interest Ranking for Top 3260 Computer Science Authors
|
Computer science research spans a diverse array of topics, with scholars exploring numerous subfields. This paper examines the self-reported research interests of the top 3,260 most cited computer science authors on Google Scholar. Using the scholarly Python library, we systematically retrieved and classified their interests into predefined categories based on the Computer Science Ontology (CSO). The analysis highlights a hierarchy of primary research areas, including Artificial Intelligence, Software Engineering, Data Mining, and Computer Systems. Additionally, it investigates the distribution of these interests, identifying emerging trends, established fields, and areas with relatively less attention. These findings provide a current snapshot of research priorities and serve as a foundation for guiding future studies in computer science.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13451v1
|
2503.13451
|
2024-12-31
|
cybersecurity
|
2024 'Key Reflections' on the 1824 Sadi Carnot's 'Reflexions' and 200 Year Legacy
|
This author is not a philosopher nor historian of science, but an engineering thermodynamicist. In that regard and in addition to various philosophical "why & how" treatises and existing historical analyses, the physical and logical "what it is" reflections, as sequential Key Points, where a key Sadi Carnot's reasoning infers the next one, along with novel contributions and original generalizations, are presented. We need to keep in mind that in Sadi Carnot's time (early 1800s) the steam engines were inefficient (below 5%, so the heat in and out were comparable within experimental uncertainty, as if caloric were conserved), the conservation of caloric flourished (might be a fortunate misconception leading to the critical analogy with the waterwheel), and many critical thermal-concepts, including the conservation of energy (The First Law) were not even established. Since Clausius and Kelvin earned to be "Fathers of thermodynamics," then Sadi Carnot was 'the ingenious' "Forefather of thermodynamics-to-become".
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15787v1
|
2501.15787
|
2025-01-27
|
cybersecurity
|
2024 roadmap on 2D topological insulators
|
2D topological insulators promise novel approaches towards electronic, spintronic, and quantum device applications. This is owing to unique features of their electronic band structure, in which bulk-boundary correspondences enforces the existence of 1D spin-momentum locked metallic edge states - both helical and chiral - surrounding an electrically insulating bulk. Forty years since the first discoveries of topological phases in condensed matter, the abstract concept of band topology has sprung into realization with several materials now available in which sizable bulk energy gaps - up to a few hundred meV - promise to enable topology for applications even at room-temperature. Further, the possibility of combining 2D TIs in heterostructures with functional materials such as multiferroics, ferromagnets, and superconductors, vastly extends the range of applicability beyond their intrinsic properties. While 2D TIs remain a unique testbed for questions of fundamental condensed matter physics, proposals seek to control the topologically protected bulk or boundary states electrically, or even induce topological phase transitions to engender switching functionality. Induction of superconducting pairing in 2D TIs strives to realize non-Abelian quasiparticles, promising avenues towards fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. This roadmap aims to present a status update of the field, reviewing recent advances and remaining challenges in theoretical understanding, materials synthesis, physical characterization and, ultimately, device perspectives.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.14209v1
|
2406.14209
|
2024-06-20
|
cybersecurity
|
2024 Roadmap on Magnetic Microscopy Techniques and Their Applications in Materials Science
|
Considering the growing interest in magnetic materials for unconventional computing, data storage, and sensor applications, there is active research not only on material synthesis but also characterisation of their properties. In addition to structural and integral magnetic characterisations, imaging of magnetization patterns, current distributions and magnetic fields at nano- and microscale is of major importance to understand the material responses and qualify them for specific applications. In this roadmap, we aim to cover a broad portfolio of techniques to perform nano- and microscale magnetic imaging using SQUIDs, spin center and Hall effect magnetometries, scanning probe microscopies, x-ray- and electron-based methods as well as magnetooptics and nanoMRI. The roadmap is aimed as a single access point of information for experts in the field as well as the young generation of students outlining prospects of the development of magnetic imaging technologies for the upcoming decade with a focus on physics, materials science, and chemistry of planar, 3D and geometrically curved objects of different material classes including 2D materials, complex oxides, semi-metals, multiferroics, skyrmions, antiferromagnets, frustrated magnets, magnetic molecules/nanoparticles, ionic conductors, superconductors, spintronic and spinorbitronic materials.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04793v1
|
2401.04793
|
2024-01-09
|
cybersecurity
|
2024 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
|
We report recent progress on $\varepsilon_K$ evaluated directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, exclusive $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $|V_{ud}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $\xi_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and lattice QCD inputs describes only $2/3 \cong 65\%$ of the experimental value of $|\varepsilon_K|$ and does not explain its remaining 35\%, which represents a strong tension in $|\varepsilon_K|$ at the $5.1\sigma \sim 4.1\sigma$ level between the SM theory and experiment. We also find that this tension disappears when we use the inclusive value of $|V_{cb}|$ obtained using the heavy quark expansion based on the QCD sum rule approach. We also report results for $|\varepsilon_K|$ obtained using the Brod-Gorbahn-Stamou (BGS) method for $\eta_i$ of $u-t$ unitarity, which leads to even a stronger tension of $5.7\sigma \sim 4.2\sigma$ with lattice QCD inputs.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.00215v2
|
2501.00215
|
2024-12-31
|
cybersecurity
|
2025 Santorini-Amorgos crisis triggered by a transition from volcanic to regular tectonic activity
|
Fluid movement beneath volcanic regions can influence earthquake activity, but the processes linking seismic and volcanic systems are not fully understood. In early 2025, an unusual seismic sequence occurred close to Santorini, providing new insight into these interactions. Here we show that the sequence was likely initiated by the accumulation and migration of fluids beneath the volcanic complex. Seismic and ground deformation data reveal a progression from deep fluid buildup and microfracturing to the concentration of shallow earthquakes beneath Columbo volcano. This culminated in a four-day seismic episode that behaved like a single, slow-propagating rupture along a 16-kilometer fault, releasing energy equivalent to a magnitude 6.2 earthquake. The rupture was followed by a typical aftershock sequence. These observations suggest that fluid-driven processes can generate large earthquakes and redistribute stress in ways similar to tectonic mainshocks. This challenges conventional views on how seismic and volcanic hazards are connected and assessed.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21371v1
|
2504.21371
|
2025-04-30
|
cybersecurity
|
2025 TGRS A Self-Supervised Method for Seismic Random Noise Attenuation under Non-Pixelwise Independent Assumption
|
The attenuation of seismic field noise using self-supervised deep learning has gained attention due to its label-free training process. However, common self-supervised methods are limited by the pixelwise independence assumption, which does not align with field seismic noise characteristics, and suffer from signal leakage due to receptive fields containing inherent blind spots or traces. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised random noise attenuation method based on the non-pixelwise independence assumption. By considering the spatial correlation map of field noise, we extend the blind spot to a generalized blind neighborhood, ensuring that the prediction pixel is not influenced by neighboring pixels with noise correlation greater than zero. The blind neighborhood size controls how much spatial correlation is disrupted, allowing our method to handle random noise with varying spatial correlation. Since larger blind neighborhoods may lead to signal loss, we introduce an automatic trade-off between noise correlation disruption and signal preservation during training. Experiments on real seismic noise attenuation (including random and tracewise coherent noise) demonstrate the superiority of our method in destroying the spatial coherence of noise and preventing useful signal leakage.
|
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11007646
| null |
2025-05-11
|
cybersecurity
|
2025 update on $\varepsilon_K$ in the Standard Model with lattice QCD inputs
|
We present theoretical results for the indirect CP violation parameter, $|\varepsilon_K|$ calculated directly from the standard model using lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $|V_{ud}|$, $\xi_0$, $\xi_2$, $F_K$, and $m_c$ (charm quark mass). We find a strong tension in $|\varepsilon_K|$ at the $\approx 5\sigma$ ($5.2\sigma \sim 4.6\sigma$) level between the experimental value and the theoretical value calculated directly from the standard model using lattice QCD inputs. The standard model with lattice QCD inputs describes only 65\% of the experimental value of $|\varepsilon_K|$, and does not explain its remaining 35\%. We also find that this tension disappears when we use inclusive $|V_{cb}|$ which comes from the heavy quark expansion and QCD sum rules. This tension is highly correlated with the discrepancy between exclusive $|V_{cb}|$, and inclusive $|V_{cb}|$. We also present results for $|\varepsilon_K|$ obtained using the Brod-Gorbahn-Stamou (BGS) method of $u-t$ unitarity, which leads to even a stronger tension at the $5.5\sigma \sim 4.9\sigma$ level with lattice QCD inputs.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00351v3
|
2503.00351
|
2025-03-01
|
cybersecurity
|
2026 ESPPU input from the ANUBIS Collaboration
|
It is imperative for us as a particle physics community to fully exploit the physics potential of the High-Luminosity LHC. This calls for us not to leave any stone unturned in the search for Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics. Many BSM models that address fundamental questions of physics like the particulate nature of dark matter, the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe, small but non-zero neutrino masses etc, predict Long-Lived Particles (LLPs) with macroscopic lifetimes of $\tau>10^{-10}$ s. The challenge in searching for BSM models with LLP signatures at the HL-LHC is that it requires the complementary interplay of general purpose detectors like ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb; dedicated detectors situated close to the beamline including the proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF); and dedicated detectors covering a large decay volume at a reasonable solid angle transverse to the beamline, i.e., a Transverse Physics Facility (TPF). Hence, it is of vital importance to realise a TPF in order to expand dramatically the physics coverage within long-lived particle searches to harvest the physics at the HL-LHC fully. A TPF may be composed of several experiments based at the HL-LHC. In this document, we propose that the community realise the ANUBIS experiment as part of a TPF.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03195v1
|
2504.03195
|
2025-04-04
|
cybersecurity
|
2048 is (PSPACE) Hard, but Sometimes Easy
|
We prove that a variant of 2048, a popular online puzzle game, is PSPACE-Complete. Our hardness result holds for a version of the problem where the player has oracle access to the computer player's moves. Specifically, we show that for an $n \times n$ game board $\mathcal{G}$, computing a sequence of moves to reach a particular configuration $\mathbb{C}$ from an initial configuration $\mathbb{C}_0$ is PSPACE-Complete. Our reduction is from Nondeterministic Constraint Logic (NCL). We also show that determining whether or not there exists a fixed sequence of moves $\mathcal{S} \in \{\Uparrow, \Downarrow, \Leftarrow, \Rightarrow\}^k$ of length $k$ that results in a winning configuration for an $n \times n$ game board is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT). We describe an algorithm to solve this problem in $O(4^k n^2)$ time.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.6315v1
|
1408.6315
|
2014-08-27
|
cybersecurity
|
2060: Civilization, Energy, and Progression of Mankind on the Kardashev Scale
|
Energy has been propelling the development of human civilization for millennia, and technologies acquiring energy beyond human and animal power have been continuously advanced and transformed. In 1964, the Kardashev Scale was proposed to quantify the relationship between energy consumption and the development of civilizations. Human civilization presently stands at Type 0.7276 on this scale. Projecting the future energy consumption, estimating the change of its constituting structure, and evaluating the influence of possible technological revolutions are critical in the context of civilization development. In this study, we use two machine learning models, random forest (RF) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), to simulate and predict energy consumption on a global scale. We further project the position of human civilization on the Kardashev Scale in 2060. The result shows that the global energy consumption is expected to reach 928-940 EJ in 2060, with a total growth of over 50% in the coming 40 years, and our civilization is expected to achieve Type 0.7474 on the Kardashev Scale, still far away from a Type 1 civilization. Additionally, we discuss the potential energy segmentation change before 2060 and present the influence of the advent of nuclear fusion in this context.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.12617v1
|
2208.12617
|
2022-08-10
|
cybersecurity
|
2064 global population crisis scenario predicted by the most general dynamic model
|
There is currently no consensus on how the global population will evolve in the next decades and in the next century. The reason for this uncertainty is the absence of reliable population dynamic models. In this paper, we remedy to this situation by reporting on a population dynamic model, a single nonlinear differential equation adapted from the physics of disordered systems, which is able to mathematically describe all the various regimes encountered in the global population recorded as a function of time, over the past 12000 years until now. Regimes of simple exponential growth (Malthus), logistic (Verhulst) plateaus as well as stretched-exponential and compressed-exponential growth regimes are all reliably described by this mathematical equation in its various limits. Besides showing that this is, indeed, the most general population dynamic model, we use it to explore its solutions projected into the future. In particular, two different scenarios are predicted. In one of them, which assumes that the future evolution would continue along a similar pattern as the past decades (hence without any major global ecological crisis affecting the resource exploitation), a von Foerster-type doomsday scenario with a sudden rise of the global population to unsustainable levels could appear as early as 2078. In the opposite scenario, if a global ecological crisis were to set in today, affecting the ability to exploit resources, given the current estimates of the Earth's carrying capacity, the global population is forecasted to reduce by half by 2064. Furthermore, the proposed dynamic model provides with a new aggregated parameter (K, in the model) that can be monitored and controlled so as to avoid the doomsday scenarios.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19063v2
|
2502.19063
|
2025-02-26
|
cybersecurity
|
20736-node Weighted Max-Cut Problem Solving by Quadrature Photonic Spatial Ising Machine
|
To tackle challenging combinatorial optimization problems, analog computing machines based on the nature-inspired Ising model are attracting increasing attentions in order to disruptively overcome the impending limitations on conventional electronic computers. Photonic spatial Ising machine has become an unique and primitive solution with all-to-all connections to solve large-scale Max-cut problems. However, spin configuration and flipping requires two independent sets of spatial light modulators (SLMs) for amplitude and phase modulation, which will lead to tremendous engineering difficulty of optical alignment and coupling. We report a novel quadrature photonic spatial-Euler Ising machine to realize large-scale and flexible spin-interaction configuration and spin-flip in a single spatial light modulator, and develop a noise enhancement approach by adding digital white noise onto detected optical signals. We experimentally show that such proposal accelerates solving (un)weighted, (non)fully connected, 20736-node Max-cut problems, which offers obvious advantages over simulation and heuristic algorithm results in digital computers.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.04651v2
|
2301.04651
|
2023-01-11
|
cybersecurity
|
207 New Open Star Clusters within 1 kpc from Gaia Data Release 2
|
We conducted a survey of open clusters within 1 kpc from the Sun using the
astrometric and photometric data of the Gaia Data Release 2. We found 655
cluster candidates by visual inspection of the stellar distributions in proper
motion space and spatial distributions in l-b space. All of the 655 cluster
candidates have a well defined main-sequence except for two candidates if we
consider that the main sequence of very young clusters is somewhat broad due to
differential extinction. Cross-matching of our 653 open clusters with known
open clusters in various catalogs resulted in 207 new open clusters. We present
the physical properties of the newly discovered open clusters. The majority of
the newly discovered open clusters are of young to intermediate age and have
less than ~50 member stars.
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06872v3
|
1907.06872
|
2019-10-15
|
cybersecurity
|
(208) Lacrimosa: A case that missed the Slivan state?
|
The largest asteroids in the Koronis family (sizes $\geq 25$ km) have very peculiar rotation state properties, with the retrograde- and prograde-rotating objects being distinctly different. A recent e-analysis of observations suggests that one of the asteroids formerly thought to be retrograde-rotating, 208~Lacrimosa, in reality exhibits prograde rotation, yet other properties of this object are discrepant with other members this group. We seek to understand whether the new spin solution of Lacrimosa invalidates the previously proposed model of the Koronis large members or simply reveals more possibilities for the long-term evolutionary paths, including some that have not yet been explored. We confirm and substantiate the previously suggested prograde rotation of Lacrimosa. Its spin vector has an ecliptic longitude and latitude of $(\lambda,\beta)=(15^\circ \pm 2^\circ, 67^\circ\pm 2^\circ)$ and a sidereal rotation period $P=14.085734\pm 0.000007$ hr. The thermal and occultation data allow us to calibrate a volume equivalent size of $D=44\pm 2$ km of Lacrimosa. The observations also constrain the shape model relatively well. Assuming uniform density, the dynamical ellipticity is $\Delta=0.35\pm 0.05$. Unlike other large prograde-rotating Koronis members, Lacrimosa spin is not captured in the Slivan state. We propose that Lacrimosa differed from this group in that it had initially slightly larger obliquity and longer rotation period. With those parameters, it jumped over the Slivan state instead of being captured and slowly evolved into the present spin configuration. In the future, it is likely to be captured in the Slivan state corresponding to the proper (instead of forced) mode of the orbital plane precession in the inertial space.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.12480v1
|
2103.12480
|
2021-03-23
|
cybersecurity
|
$^{208}$Pb nuclear charge radius revisited: closing the fine-structure-anomaly gap
|
A comprehensive reevaluation of the root-mean-square nuclear charge radius is presented for the doubly magic $^{208}$Pb extracted from muonic spectroscopy measurements. By integrating rigorous theoretical quantum electrodynamics calculations, state-of-the-art numerical methods, and a systematic reanalysis of the uncertainties, we reduced the long-standing muonic fine-structure anomaly and improved the goodness of fit by a factor of twenty. The resulting value of 5.5062(5) fm is fairly consistent with the previously reported muonic spectroscopy value, and three standard deviations larger than the commonly used compilation data, which indicates that the current value and its uncertainty could be significantly underestimated. Our study paves a new path for systematic reevaluation of all rms radii based on muonic spectroscopy.
|
https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19977v1
|
2504.19977
|
2025-04-28
|
cybersecurity
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.