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Given the background: Cholesterol can't dissolve in the blood. It has to be transported to and from the cells by carriers called lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is known as "bad" cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as good cholesterol. When too much LDL cholesterol circulates in the bloo... | Ben | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Scientists think that the earliest flowers attracted insects and other animals, which spread pollen from flower to flower. This greatly increased the efficiency of fertilization over wind-spread pollen, which might or might not actually land on another flower. To take better advantage of... | Frank | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Soil is well developed in the forest as suggested by the thick humus layers, rich diversity of large trees and animals that live there. In forests, precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration which results in an excess of water that percolates downward through the soil layers. Slow ra... | Danny | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Ants communicate with each other using pheromones, sounds, and touch. The use of pheromones as chemical signals is more developed in ants, such as the red harvester ant, than in other hymenopteran groups. Like other insects, ants perceive smells with their long, thin, and mobile antennae. The... | John | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: When the Moon is at first quarter or third quarter, the Sun and Moon are separated by 90° when viewed from the Earth, and the solar tidal force partially cancels the Moon's tidal force. At these points in the lunar cycle, the tide's range is at its minimum; this is called the neap tide, or neap... | unbalanced | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: The Mercator projection is best within 15 degrees north or south of the equator. Landmasses or countries outside that zone get stretched out of shape. The further the feature is from the equator, the more out of shape it is stretched. For example, if you look at Greenland on a globe, you... | increase | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered by genetic engineering techniques generally known as recombinant DNA technology. Genetic engineering has expanded the genes available to breeders to utilize in creating desired germlines for new crops. Incre... | Ans: atom S | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: Air pollution is harmful to human beings and other living things. About 22 million people die from air pollution each year. Breathing polluted air increases the risk of developing lung diseases such as asthma and lung cancer. Breathing bad air also increases the chance... | Seattle | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher lev... | Bill | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Cancer is a disease that causes cells to divide out of control. Normally, the body has systems that prevent cells from dividing out of control. But in the case of cancer, these systems fail. Cancer is usually caused by mutations. Mutations are random errors in genes. Mutations that lead ... | David | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: The Gaia hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism. The hypothesis suggests that the Earth is self-regulating and tends to achieve a stable state, known as homeostasis . For example the composition of our atmosphere stays fairly consistent, providing the ideal... | Mort | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: Noble gases are also used to fill the glass tubes of lighted signs like the one in the Figure below . Although noble gases are chemically nonreactive, their electrons can be energized by sending an electric current through them. When this happens, the electrons jump to... | Zack | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Marine pollution is a generic term for the entry into the ocean of potentially hazardous chemicals or particles. The biggest culprits are rivers and with them many agriculture fertilizer chemicals as well as livestock and human waste. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals leads to hypoxia and t... | slower | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Often, foreign exchange controls can result in the creation of black markets to exchange the weaker currency for stronger currencies. This leads to a situation where the exchange rate for the foreign currency is much higher than the rate set by the government, and therefore creates a shadow curren... | Ans: Boncho | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Weather conditions include air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and precipitation. Weather is temporary. People in many states have the joke, "if you don't like the weather, wait five minutes and it will change." One way to change the weather is to have a different air mass move... | surface B | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Making these healthy lifestyle choices can also help prevent some types of cancer. In addition, you can lower the risk of cancer by avoiding carcinogens , which are substances that cause cancer. For example, you can reduce your risk of lung cancer by not smoking. You can reduce your risk of ski... | Mimi | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: However, when going across a period from left to right, the atomic radius actually tends to decrease. Why is this so? Each successive electron is going into the same principal energy level as the previous one, so the total amount of occupied space does not really go up significantly. Addition... | Dean | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: An allergy is a disease in which the immune system makes an inflammatory response to a harmless antigen . Any antigen that causes an allergy is called an allergen. Allergens may be inhaled or ingested, or they may come into contact with the skin. Two common causes of allergies are shown in Figure ... | Ans: Nirvania | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: During the Cold War, the Arctic became a place where the United States, Canada, and the Soviet Union performed significant research that has been essential to the study of climate change in recent years. A major reason why research in the Arctic is essential for the study of climate change is b... | forest B | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Hepatitis viruses can develop into a chronic viral infection that leads to liver cancer. Infection by human T-lymphotropic virus can lead to tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukaemia. Human papillomaviruses are an established cause of cancers of cervix, skin, anus, and penis. Wi... | group V | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: During late adulthood, the risk of developing diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer continues to rise. Most people also have a decline in strength and stamina. Their senses may start failing, and their reflex time typically increases. Their immune system also doesn’t ... | West | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Electronic ear protectors work differently. They identify high-amplitude sound waves and send sound waves through them in the opposite direction. This causes destructive interference with the waves, which reduces their amplitude to zero or nearly zero. This changes even the loudest sounds to just ... | Nate | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Cholesterol can't dissolve in the blood. It has to be transported to and from the cells by carriers called lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is known as "bad" cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as good cholesterol. When too much LDL cholesterol circul... | camp B | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: When waves travel into areas of shallow water, they begin to be affected by the ocean bottom. The free orbital motion of the water is disrupted, and water particles in orbital motion no longer return to their original position. As the water becomes shallower, the swell becomes higher and ... | group B | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Serpentine soils (media with low concentrations of nutrients and high concentrations of heavy metals) can be a source of abiotic stress. Initially, the absorption of toxic metal ions is limited by cell membrane exclusion. Ions that are absorbed into tissues are sequestered in cell ... | stage A | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: As a cell grows, its volume increases more quickly than its surface area. If a cell was to get very large, the small surface area would not allow enough nutrients to enter the cell quickly enough for the cell’s needs. This idea is explained in Figure below . How... | Sand | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: Parallel slowdown is a phenomenon in parallel computing where parallelization of a parallel algorithm beyond a certain point causes the program to run slower (take more time to run to completion).[1] Parallel slowdown is typically the result of a communications bottle... | Group J | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Species go extinct constantly as environments change, as organisms compete for environmental niches, and as genetic mutation leads to the rise of new species from older ones. Occasionally biodiversity on Earth takes a hit in the form of a mass extinction in which the extinction rate is much hig... | Jennifer | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in high... | in March | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Fish reproduce sexually. They lay eggs that can be fertilized either inside or outside of the body. In most fish, the eggs develop outside of the mother's body. In the majority of these species, fertilization also takes place outside the mother's body. The male and female fish release their gamete... | Ans: Tom | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (... | increase | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: Tropical forests (rainforests) receive more insolation and rainfall over longer growing seasons than any other environment on earth. With these elevated temperatures, insolation and rainfall, biomass is extremely productive leading to the production of as much as 800 g... | Italy | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: The brains of all mammals have a unique layer of nerve cells covering the cerebrum. This layer is called the neocortex (the pink region of the brains in Figure above ). The neocortex plays an important role in many complex brain functions. In some mammals, such as rats, the neo... | Northern | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: As time passes, the number of HIV copies keeps increasing, while the number of helper T cells keeps decreasing. The graph in Figure below shows how the number of T cells typically declines over a period of many years following the initial HIV infection. As the number of T cells decreases, so does ... | Ans: Rick | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: The Hawaiian Islands ( Figure above ) are in the central Pacific Ocean. The islands are volcanoes that increase in age from southeast to northwest. The youngest island is the Big Island of Hawaii at the southeast end of the chain. The volcanoes get older through Maui, ... | Keith | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: In Windows 2000 and later the threads in the System Idle Process are also used to implement CPU power saving. The exact power saving scheme depends on the operating system version and on the hardware and firmware capabilities of the system in question. For instance, on x86 processors unde... | not spongy texture | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: A major use for petroleum products is fuel for cars, trucks, airplanes, trains, and other vehicles. The chemical used are usually a mixture of compounds containing several carbon atoms in a chain. When the material is ignited, a massive amount of gas is created almost instantaneously. Thi... | Greece | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Figure B above shows an important relationship between the wavelength and frequency of a wave. The top wave clearly has a shorter wavelength than the second wave. However, if you picture yourself at a stationary point watching these waves pass by, more waves of the first kind would pass by in... | Ann | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere. The motivating force for seafloor spreading ridges is tectonic plate pull rather than magma pressure, although there i... | Kathy | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Declines in population size can result in a loss of genetic diversity, and owing to genetic variation's role in the evolutionary potential of a species, this could in turn result in an observable Allee effect. As a species' population becomes smaller, its gene pool will be reduced in size as well.... | higher | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: Hemophilia is the name of a group of hereditary diseases that affect the body's ability to control blood clotting. Hemophilia is caused by a lack of clotting factors in the blood. Clotting factors are normally released by platelets. Since people with hemophilia cannot ... | higher | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Alcoholic beverages do not make the entire body warmer.[361] The reason that alcoholic drinks create the sensation of warmth is that they cause blood vessels to dilate and stimulate nerve endings near the surface of the skin with an influx of warm blood. This can actually result in... | Jerry | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Cavitation is, in many cases, an undesirable occurrence. In devices such as propellers and pumps, cavitation causes a great deal of noise, damage to components, vibrations, and a loss of efficiency. Cavitation has also become a concern in the renewable energy se... | case B | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Catalytic converters in cars increase the rates of several important reactions. Unburned hydrocarbons can more easily be converted to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of a catalyst. Additionally, carbon monoxide (a harmful gas produced by incomplete combustion of fuel) is further ... | Hop | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: The epidermis also contains melanocytes , which are cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the brownish pigment that gives skin much of its color. Everyone has about the same number of melanocytes, but the melanocytes of people with darker skin produce more melanin. The amount of melanin produced ... | France | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Another obvious change that occurs during puberty is rapid growth. This is called the adolescent growth spurt . In boys, it is controlled by testosterone. The rate of growth usually starts to increase relatively early in puberty. At its peak rate, growth in height is about 10 centimeters (almost 4... | group G | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: Fish mortality is a parameter used in fisheries population dynamics to account for the loss of fish in a fish stock through death. The mortality can be divided into two types: Natural mortality: the removal of fish from the stock due to causes not associated with fishing. Such... | Germany | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the pressure on the surface of Venus is very h... | increase | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: The quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north-east Pacific Ocean increased a hundredfold between 1972 and 2012.Marine pollution is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. The main culprits are those using the rivers for disposing of t... | time A | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: When you add sugar to a cold drink, you may stir it to help the sugar dissolve. If you don’t stir, the sugar may eventually dissolve, but it will take much longer. Stirring is one of several factors that affect how fast a solute dissolves in a solvent. Temperature is another factor. A solid solute... | Liam | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Habitat destruction has played a key role in extinctions, especially in relation to tropical forest destruction. Factors contributing to habitat loss include: overconsumption, overpopulation, land use change, deforestation, pollution (air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination) and global ... | Thomas | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Air pollution can also indirectly cause other health issues and even deaths. Air pollutants can cause an increase in cancer including lung cancer, eye problems, and other conditions. For example, using certain chemicals on farms, such as the insecticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and to... | time B | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by the presence of one or more extra copies of the X chromosome in a male's cells. Extra genetic material from the X chromosome interferes with male sexual development, preventing the testicles from functioning normally and reducing the levels of testosterone. Trip... | village A | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: The temperature of a body of water directly affects the amount of dissolved oxygen it can hold. Following Henry's law, as water becomes warmer, oxygen becomes less soluble in it. This property leads to daily anoxic cycles on small geographic scales and seasonal cycles of anoxia on the larger sc... | less likely | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: Insecticide control of aphids is difficult, as they breed rapidly, so even small areas missed may enable the population to recover promptly. Aphids may occupy the undersides of leaves where spray misses them, while systemic insecticides do not move satisfactorily into ... | Andy | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Electromagnetic radiation is energy that travels in waves across space as well as through matter. Most of the electromagnetic radiation on Earth comes from the sun. Like other waves, electromagnetic waves are characterized by certain wavelengths and wave frequencies. Wavelength is the dis... | Fluffy | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by the presence of one or more extra copies of the X chromosome in a male's cells. Extra genetic material from the X chromosome interferes with male sexual development, preventing the testicles from functioning normally and reducing the levels of testosterone. T... | Jerry | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Any unused energy in food, whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids, is stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they need may be... | Ans: Hammond | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: When humans dig up and use fossil fuels, we have an impact on the carbon cycle ( Figure below ). This carbon is not recycled until it is used by humans. The burning of fossil fuels releases more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than is used by photosynthesis. So, there is more carbon di... | weaker | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Greenhouse Effect: The solar energy reaching the surface of the Earth is concentrated in short wavelengths, which can easily penetrate the greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. The Earth, however, is cooler than the sun and it radiates its heat in the form of energy in the far infr... | Ans: normal | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: Protozoa generally feed by engulfing and digesting other organisms. As consumers, they have various roles in food chains and webs. Some are predators. They prey upon other single-celled organisms, such as bacteria. In fact, protozoa predators keep many bacterial populations in ... | Jeff | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: In the U.S., the majority of electricity is produced by burning coal or other fossil fuels. This causes air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. Fossil fuels are also limited and may eventually run out. Like fossil fuels, radioactive elements are limited. In fact, they are... | Nigeria | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: There was no additional air in the tire the second time Lawrence checked the air pressure, but something did change between the two measurements. The tires had rolled over 10 miles of road on the trip to school. Any time one surface moves over another, it causes friction. Friction is a force that ... | Ans: study A | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Another example of incomplete dominance is with sickle cell anemia, a disease in which a blood protein called hemoglobin is produced incorrectly. This causes the red blood cells to have a sickle shape, making it difficult for these misshapen cells to pass through the smallest blood vessel... | Mike | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: The body's second line of defense against pathogens includes the inflammatory response. If bacteria enter the skin through a scrape, the area may become red, warm, and painful. These are signs of inflammation. Inflammation is one way the body reacts to infections or injuries. Inflammation... | Gill | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Excess intake of calcium may cause hypercalcaemia. However, because calcium is absorbed rather inefficiently by the intestines, high serum calcium is more likely caused by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or possibly by excessive intake of vitamin D, both which facilitate... | Reed | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: In the U.S., the majority of electricity is produced by burning coal or other fossil fuels. This causes air pollution that harms the health of living things. The air pollution also causes acid rain and contributes to global warming. In addition, fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources, so if ... | Darlene | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Currently, millions of individuals with high cholesterol take a similar type of drug, known as a statin. The drug, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase), the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, decreases blood levels of cholesterol by induce... | pilot B | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Active transport occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane with the help of extra energy. This happens when a substance moves from an area where it is less concentrated to an area where it is more concentrated. This is the opposite of diffusion. The substance moves up, inst... | Team one | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Once again, a mutation is the change in the DNA or RNA sequence. In multicellular organisms, mutations can be subdivided into germline mutations and somatic mutations. Germline mutations occur in the DNA of sex cells, or gametes, and are therefore potentially very serious. These mutations... | fresh apples | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: Many people enjoy riding in hot air balloons. Some use them for romantic picnics and marriage proposals. Others race in competitions. Being above the earth gives a whole new perspective on the world around us. As the beginning of a hot air balloon ride, the balloon is flat beca... | Caribu | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: Emission is the opposite of absorption, it is when an object emits radiation. Objects tend to emit amounts and wavelengths of radiation depending on their "black body" emission curves, therefore hotter objects tend to emit more radiation, with shorter wavelengths. Colder object... | Brown | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Collision theory tells us that molecules need to collide in order for a reaction to take place. All else being equal, anything that increases the frequency of collisions would also increase the rate of reaction. One way to do this is to increase the concentrations of one or more of the reactant... | Tim | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver. It is caused by a virus called hepatitis B, which can be passed through sexual activity. Hepatitis B causes vomiting. It also causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. The disease goes away on its own in some people. Other people are sick for the rest of th... | Mark Hampton | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: A period of very low rainfall occurred while the Grants were on the islands. The drought resulted in fewer seeds for the finches to eat. Birds with smaller beaks could eat only the smaller seeds. Birds with bigger beaks were better off. They could eat seeds of all sizes. Theref... | Brett | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Cholesterol can't dissolve in the blood. It has to be transported to and from the cells by carriers called lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is known as "bad" cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as good cholesterol. When too much LDL cholesterol circulates in the... | increase | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: The Hawaiian Islands ( Figure above ) are in the central Pacific Ocean. The islands are volcanoes that increase in age from southeast to northwest. The youngest island is the Big Island of Hawaii at the southeast end of the chain. The volcanoes get older through Maui, Kahoolawe, La... | Nigel | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: Another example of incomplete dominance is with sickle cell anemia, a disease in which a blood protein called hemoglobin is produced incorrectly. This causes the red blood cells to have a sickle shape, making it difficult for these misshapen cells to pass through the smallest b... | the first | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the pressure on the surface of Venus is very high. In fact, it is 90 times gr... | point D | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Huge amounts of chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides, are applied to farm fields (see Figure below ). Some of the chemicals are picked up by rainwater. Runoff then carries the chemicals to nearby rivers or lakes. Dissolved fertilizer causes too much growth of water plants and al... | Lake's | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Any unused energy in food—whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids—is stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they nee... | experiment A | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Cavitation is, in many cases, an undesirable occurrence. In devices such as propellers and pumps, cavitation causes a great deal of noise, damage to components, vibrations, and a loss of efficiency. Cavitation has also become a concern in the renewable energy sector as it may occur... | less likely | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels o... | increase | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Beginning in September 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will require larger, more prominent cigarette health warnings on all cigarette packaging and advertisements in the United States. These warnings are a significant advancement in communicating the dangers of smoking. These... | Berry | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Hemophilia is the name of a group of hereditary diseases that affect the body's ability to control blood clotting. Hemophilia is caused by a lack of clotting factors in the blood. Clotting factors are normally released by platelets. Since people with hemophilia cannot produce clots, any cut can... | fourth day | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: Some individuals have a specific mutation in the primary sequence of their hemoglobin molecules that causes them to aggregate, resulting in a deformation of their red blood cells. This abnormality is genetic in nature. A person may inherit the gene from one parent and ... | large quantities | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Sand mining is a direct cause of erosion, and impacts the local wildlife.[2] Various animals depend on sandy beaches for nesting clutches, and mining has led to the near extinction of gharials (a species of crocodile) in India. Disturbance of underwater and coastal sand causes turbidity in the wat... | Ans: Big | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Carbon dioxide is the most significant long-lived greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere. Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. ... | Eastern | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: The lungs of mammals are unique in having alveoli . These are tiny, sac-like structures. Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of very small blood vessels (see Figure below ). Because there are millions of alveoli in each lung, they greatly increase the surfa... | Zaxon | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: Depleted soils can be protected from soil erosion by groundcover plants such as naturally growing grasses in agroforestry systems. These help to stabilise the soil as they increase cover compared to short-cycle cropping systems. Soil cover is a crucial factor in preventing eros... | blueberries | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: In the U.S., the majority of electricity is produced by burning coal or other fossil fuels. This causes air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. Fossil fuels are also limited and may eventually run out. Like fossil fuels, radioactive elements are limited. In fact, they are relatively rare, so... | Group B | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: For comparison, sunlight on Saturn is slightly brighter than Earth sunlight at the average sunset or sunrise (see daylight for comparison table). Even on Pluto, the sunlight would still be bright enough to almost match the average living room. To see sunlight as dim as full moonlight on Eart... | less | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: One result of air pollution is acid rain. Acid rain is precipitation with a low (acidic) pH. This rain can be very destructive to wildlife. When acid rain falls in forests, freshwater habitats, or soils, it can kill insects and aquatic life. It causes this damage because of its very low pH. S... | deteriorate | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: A thermometer is a device used to measure temperature. It is placed in contact with an object and allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the object (they will have the same temperature). The operation of a thermometer is based on some property, such as volume, that varies with tempera... | group B | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Human beings invented agriculture about 10,000 years ago. This provided a bigger, more dependable food supply. It also allowed people to settle down in villages and cities for the first time. Birth rates went up because there was more food and settled life had other advantages. Death rate... | North | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Beginning in September 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will require larger, more prominent cigarette health warnings on all cigarette packaging and advertisements in the United States. These warnings are a significant advancement in communicating the dangers of smoking. These new ci... | Bess | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Since AM fungi are biotrophic, they are dependent on plants for the growth of their hyphal networks. Growing a cover crop extends the time for AM growth into the autumn, winter, and spring. Promotion of hyphal growth creates a more extensive hyphal network. The mycorrhizal colonization increase fo... | Ans: Big | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: All fluids exert pressure like the air inside a tire. The particles of fluids are constantly moving in all directions at random. As the particles move, they keep bumping into each other and into anything else in their path. These collisions cause pressure, and the pressure is exerted equally ... | Barbara | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: When wind waves approach to coast area from deep water, the waves change their heights and lengths. The wave height becomes higher and the wavelength becomes shorter as the wave velocity is slowed when ocean waves approach to the shore. If the water depth is sufficiently shallo... | less | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Tropical forests (rainforests) receive more insolation and rainfall over longer growing seasons than any other environment on earth. With these elevated temperatures, insolation and rainfall, biomass is extremely productive leading to the production of as much as 800 grams of carbon per squar... | state B | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
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