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Given the background: Making these healthy lifestyle choices can also help prevent some types of cancer. In addition, you can lower the risk of cancer by avoiding carcinogens , which are substances that cause cancer. For example, you can reduce your risk of lung cancer by not smoking. You can reduce your risk of skin c... | Black | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: The classical explanation of gravity is that a force of attraction acts at a distance between two objects and the magnitude of the force is directly proportional to each of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. The objects move toward each ot... | planet X | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: In many ways, bacterial metabolism provides traits that are useful for ecological stability and for human society. One example is that some bacteria have the ability to fix nitrogen gas using the enzyme nitrogenase. This environmentally important trait can be found in bacteria of most met... | precocial | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Since AM fungi are biotrophic, they are dependent on plants for the growth of their hyphal networks. Growing a cover crop extends the time for AM growth into the autumn, winter, and spring. Promotion of hyphal growth creates a more extensive hyphal network. The ... | Ben | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: In nature, when the population size is small, there is usually plenty of food and other resources for each individual. When there is plenty of food and other resources, organisms can easily reproduce, so the birth rate is high. As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another... | Ans: Sarah | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Huge amounts of chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides, are applied to farm fields (see Figure below ). Some of the chemicals are picked up by rainwater. Runoff then carries the chemicals to nearby rivers or lakes. Dissolved fertilizer causes too much growth of water plants and alg... | group A | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: In nature, when the population size is small, there is usually plenty of food and other resources for each individual. When there is plenty of food and other resources, organisms can easily reproduce, so the birth rate is high. As the population increases, the f... | normal | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: Since AM fungi are biotrophic, they are dependent on plants for the growth of their hyphal networks. Growing a cover crop extends the time for AM growth into the autumn, winter, and spring. Promotion of hyphal growth creates a more extensive hyphal network. The mycorrh... | Mud | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ). Most researchers believe that the HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century. HIV is transmitted by sexual contact and by contact with infected bodil... | case B | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Common foodborne viruses include norovirus and hepatitis A virus. Norovirus, which causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines, has been a recent issue on cruise ships, infecting hundreds of passengers and crew on certain voyages. Hepatitis A causes inflam... | group N | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of UV ... | Rockies | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Wildfires occur when all the necessary elements of a fire triangle come together in a susceptible area: an ignition source is brought into contact with a combustible material such as vegetation, that is subjected to enough heat and has an adequate supply of oxyg... | Red | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: One reason radiation is dangerous is that it can’t be detected with the senses. You normally can’t see it, smell it, hear it, or feel it. Fortunately, there are devices such as Geiger counters that can detect radiation. A Geiger counter, like the one in Figure below , has a tub... | Hank | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter. In everyday usage, temperature indicates a measure of how hot or cold an object is. Temperature is an important parameter in chemistry. When a substance changes from solid to liquid, it is because there was an incre... | Ans: Jarmel | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of ... | Barbara | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: One of the most common chromosome abnormalities is Down syndrome , due to nondisjunction of chromosome 21 resulting in an extra complete chromosome 21, or part of chromosome 21 ( Figure below ). Down syndrome is the only autosomal trisomy where an affected individual may survive to adult... | Jeff | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: During May, June, and July, the Northern Hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight because the hemisphere faces the Sun. The same is true of the Southern Hemisphere in November, December, and January. It is Earth's axial tilt that causes the Sun to be higher in the sky during the summ... | Corn | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Many mutations have no effect on the proteins they encode. These mutations are considered neutral. Occasionally, a mutation may make a protein even better than it was before. Or the protein might help the organism adapt to a new environment. These mutations are considered beneficial. An e... | higher | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Evidence from seismology, heat flow at the surface, and mineral physics is combined with the Earth's mass and moment of inertia to infer models of the Earth's interior – its composition, density, temperature, pressure. For example, the Earth's mean specific gravity (5.515) is far higher t... | Ben | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: During May, June, and July, the Northern Hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight because the hemisphere faces the Sun. The same is true of the Southern Hemisphere in November, December, and January. It is Earth's axial tilt that causes the Sun to be higher... | compound A | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: No doubt you already have a good idea of what temperature is. You might say that it’s how warm or cool something feels. In physics, temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles of matter. When particles of matter move more quickly, they have more kinetic energy, ... | group B | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: If a solution has a higher concentration of hydronium ions than pure water, it has a pH lower than 7. A solution with a pH lower than 7 is called an acid . As the hydronium ion concentration increases, the pH value decreases. Therefore, the more acidic a solution is, the lower ... | Bill | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: A mycorrhiza (Greek for "fungus roots") is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus may colonize the roots of a host plant by either growing directly into the root cells, or by growing around the root cells. This association p... | higher | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: While the Grants were on the Galápagos, a drought occurred. As a result, fewer seeds were available for finches to eat. Birds with smaller beaks could crack open and eat only the smaller seeds. Birds with bigger beaks could crack and eat seeds of all sizes. As a result, many of the small-beaked bi... | Jim | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: Making these healthy lifestyle choices can also help prevent some types of cancer. In addition, you can lower the risk of cancer by avoiding carcinogens , which are substances that cause cancer. For example, you can reduce your risk of lung cancer by not smoking. You can reduce... | single reduced pigment | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Making these healthy lifestyle choices can also help prevent some types of cancer. In addition, you can lower the risk of cancer by avoiding carcinogens , which are substances that cause cancer. For example, you can reduce your risk of lung cancer by not smoking. You can reduce your risk of s... | Matt | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Insecticide control of aphids is difficult, as they breed rapidly, so even small areas missed may enable the population to recover promptly. Aphids may occupy the undersides of leaves where spray misses them, while systemic insecticides do not move satisfactorily into flower petals. Finally, some ... | Ans: Sean | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Declines in population size can result in a loss of genetic diversity, and owing to genetic variation's role in the evolutionary potential of a species, this could in turn result in an observable Allee effect. As a species' population becomes smaller, its gene p... | balloon A | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: While people have been able to prevent certain viral diseases by vaccinations for many hundreds of years, the development of antiviral drugs to treat viral diseases is a relatively recent development. Antiviral drugs are medications used specifically for treating the symptoms of viral inf... | Plant A | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Saturated hydrocarbons are given the general name of alkanes . The name of specific alkanes always ends in - ane . The first part of the name indicates how many carbon atoms each molecule of the alkane has. The smallest alkane is methane. It has just one carbon atom. The next largest is ethan... | Bill | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Sodium and potassium are two of the most important elements in living things. They are present mainly as positively charged ions dissolved in water. The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions (Na + ) out of the cell and potassium ions (K + ) into the cell. In both cases, the ions are moving from ... | Ans: Iraq | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Allergy symptoms can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms might include itchy eyes, sneezing, and a runny nose. Severe symptoms can cause difficulty breathing, which may be life threatening. Keep in mind that it is the immune system and not the allergen that... | higher | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: During sexual reproduction, mating with a close relative (inbreeding) often leads to inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression is considered to be largely due to expression of deleterious recessive mutations. The effects of inbreeding have been studied in many vertebrate species. and the si... | retain | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: While people have been able to prevent certain viral diseases by vaccinations for many hundreds of years, the development of antiviral drugs to treat viral diseases is a relatively recent development. Antiviral drugs are medications used specifically for treating the s... | process B | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Sugaring is a food preservation method similar to pickling. Sugaring is the process of desiccating a food by first dehydrating it, then packing it with pure sugar. This sugar can be crystalline in the form of table or raw sugar, or it can be a high sugar density liquid such as honey, syrup or... | Red | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Quicksand forms in saturated loose sand when the sand is suddenly agitated. When water in the sand cannot escape, it creates a liquefied soil that loses strength and cannot support weight. Quicksand can form in standing water or in upwards flowing water (as from an artesian spring). In the ca... | Canada | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Just as there are good-quality grasses for putting greens, there are good-quality grasses for the fairway and rough. The quality of grass influences the roll of the ball as well as the ability of the player to "take a divot" (effectively, the ability to hit down into the ball, hitting the bal... | era A | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: Given the background: If a zone undergoes dramatic changes in temperature with depth, it contains a thermocline. The tropical thermocline is typically deeper than the thermocline at higher latitudes. Polar waters, which receive relatively little solar energy, are not stratified by temperatu... | Joe | 8 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Machines make work easier by increasing the amount of force that is applied, increasing the distance over which the force is applied, or changing the direction in which the force is applied. Contrary to popular belief, machines do not increase the amount of work that is done. They just ch... | Dan | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: Animals may avoid becoming prey by living out of sight of predators, whether in caves, burrows, or by being nocturnal. Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by activity during the night and sleeping during the day. This is a behavioral form of detection avoidance cal... | case D | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Old age begins in the mid-60s and lasts until the end of life. Most people over 65 have retired from work, freeing up their time for hobbies, grandchildren, and other interests. Stamina, strength, reflex time, and the senses all decline during old age, and the number of brain cells decreases as... | more | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: The body's second line of defense against pathogens includes the inflammatory response. If bacteria enter the skin through a scrape, the area may become red, warm, and painful. These are signs of inflammation. Inflammation is one way the body reacts to infections or injuries. Inflammation is cause... | Red | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Predators play an important role in an ecosystem. For example, if they did not exist, then a single species could become dominant over others. Grazers on a grassland keep grass from growing out of control. Predators can be keystone species . These are species that can have a large effect on t... | Green | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Natural resources include energy, minerals and other materials. Natural resources may be renewable or non-renewable. Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced. When they're gone, they're gone. Renewable resources can be replaced. They can supply human activitie... | more | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Cholesterol has been implicated in heart disease for decades. Atherosclerosis is a disorder of the arteries in which cholesterol and other materials are deposited on the interior of the arterial wall. These deposits lead to the formation of plaques that can restrict or even block the flow... | Bend | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object. The basic SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg), but smaller masses may be measured in grams (g). To measure mass, you would use a balance. In the lab, mass may be measured with a triple beam balance or an electronic balance, b... | Hank | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: In the U.S., the majority of electricity is produced by burning coal or other fossil fuels. This causes air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. Fossil fuels are also limited and may eventually run out. Like fossil fuels, radioactive elements are limited. In fact, they are relatively rare, so... | Nate | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.[2] By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expr... | comp A | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Rain dissolves fertilizer in the soil. Runoff carries it away. The fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, from ponds to oceans. Nitrogen is a fertilizer in the water. Since there is a lot of nitrogen, it causes algae to grow out of control. Pictured below is a pond covered with alg... | Tom | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: One interesting thing that has been found in plants that are consistently exposed to drought, is their ability to form a sort of "memory". In a study by Tombesi et al., they found plants who had previously been exposed to drought were able to come up with a sort of strategy to minimize wa... | Red | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: As time passes, the number of HIV copies keeps increasing, while the number of helper T cells keeps decreasing. The graph in Figure below shows how the number of T cells typically declines over a period of many years following the initial HIV infection. As the n... | sample A | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Pollutants also affect the atmosphere through their contribution to global warming. Global warming is an increase in the Earth’s temperature. It is thought to be caused mostly by the increase of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases can be released by factories that burn fossil fu... | Ans: Creek | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: This individual monetary gain creates an increase in the overall economic productivity of a country. Girls are underrepresented in schooling, meaning that investments aimed specifically at educating women should produce bigger dividends.[9] Although investment in women's education is not... | more | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Some fungi take on different shapes, depending on their environmental conditions. These fungi are called dimorphic fungi , because they have “two forms.” For example, the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum , which causes the disease histoplasmosis, is thermally dimorphic; it has two forms that are... | Niles | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Making these healthy lifestyle choices can also help prevent some types of cancer. In addition, you can lower the risk of cancer by avoiding carcinogens , which are substances that cause cancer. For example, you can reduce your risk of lung cancer by not smoking. You can reduce your risk of skin c... | Ans: Bay | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Ocean acidification occurs when excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the oceans to become acidic. Burning fossil fuels has led to an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by the oceans, which lowers the pH of the water. Ocean acidific... | less | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver. It is caused by a virus called hepatitis B, which can be passed through sexual activity. Hepatitis B causes vomiting. It also causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. The disease goes away on its own in some people. Other people are sick for the rest of thei... | Ned | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: The Figure below shows decibel levels of several different sounds. As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder. For every 10-decibel increase in the intensity of sound, loudness is 10 times greater. Therefore, a 30-decibel “quiet” room... | Dan | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Hypertension , which is also called "high blood pressure," occurs when a person’s blood pressure is always high. Hypertension is said to be present when a person's systolic blood pressure is always 140 or higher, and/or if the person's diastolic blood pressure i... | Danube | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ). Most researchers believe that the HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century. HIV is transmitted by sexual contact and by contact with infected bodily fluids, such as bl... | Ben | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: In many ways, bacterial metabolism provides traits that are useful for ecological stability and for human society. One example is that some bacteria have the ability to fix nitrogen gas using the enzyme nitrogenase. This environmentally important trait can be fo... | experiment A | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Beginning in the late 1970’s, ozone depletion was recognized as a significant environmental issue. The most dramatic decrease in ozone occurs seasonally over the continent of Antarctica. The size and duration of the ozone hole steadily increased, with the largest hole recorded in 2006. Fortun... | less | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Cholesterol can't dissolve in the blood. It has to be transported to and from the cells by carriers called lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is known as "bad" cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as good cholesterol. When too much LDL cholesterol circulates in the b... | Finch | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: In the long term, the greatest changes in the Solar System will come from changes in the Sun itself as it ages. As the Sun burns through its supply of hydrogen fuel, it gets hotter and burns the remaining fuel even faster. As a result, the Sun is growing brighte... | Jake | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: As shown here, pressure decreases to less than 25% of ground-level atmospheric pressure when we get to an altitude of about six miles. Since this is a common cruising altitude for commercial airplanes, pressurized cabins are needed for the comfort and survival of the passengers. Th... | Sam | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Some species of ants farm aphids, protecting them on the plants where they are feeding, and consuming the honeydew the aphids release from the terminations of their alimentary canals. This is a mutualistic relationship, with these dairying ants milking the aphids by stroking them with their antenn... | Ans: Group A | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: One interesting thing that has been found in plants that are consistently exposed to drought, is their ability to form a sort of "memory". In a study by Tombesi et al., they found plants who had previously been exposed to drought were able to come up with a sort of strategy to minimize wa... | Galapagos 1 | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: With shade applications, crops are purposely raised under tree canopies within the shady environment. The understory crops are shade tolerant or the overstory trees have fairly open canopies. A conspicuous example is shade-grown coffee. This practice reduces weeding costs and improves coffee qu... | char A | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed at about the same time by both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, shown in Figure below , and was set out in detail in Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species . Natural selection is a process that causes heritable trait... | team Alpha | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Alpine tundra occurs at high enough altitude at any latitude. Portions of montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregions worldwide include alpine tundra. Large regions of alpine tundra occur in the North American Cordillera, the Alps and Pyrenees of Europe, the Himalaya and Karakoram of Asia, the... | group K | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: Given the background: The lungs of mammals are unique in having alveoli . These are tiny, sac-like structures. Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of very small blood vessels (see Figure below ). Because there are millions of alveoli in each lung, they greatly increase the surfa... | higher | 5 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Marine pollution is a generic term for the entry into the ocean of potentially hazardous chemicals or particles. The biggest culprits are rivers and with them many agriculture fertilizer chemicals as well as livestock and human waste. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals leads to hyp... | Marco | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Candied fruit, also known as crystallized fruit or glacé fruit, has existed since the 14th century. Whole fruit, smaller pieces of fruit, or pieces of peel, are placed in heated sugar syrup, which absorbs the moisture from within the fruit and eventually preserves it. Depending on ... | Robert | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: It would be very unadvisable to place a can of soup over a campfire without venting the can. As the can heats up, it may explode. The kinetic-molecular theory explains why. The air inside the rigid can of soup is given more kinetic energy by the heat coming from the campfire. The kinetic energy... | Ben | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Millions of people in the world jog for exercise. For the most part, jogging can be a healthy way to stay fit. However, problems can also develop for those who jog in the heat. Excessive sweating can lead to electrolyte loss that could be life-threatening. Early symptoms of electrolyte deficien... | Group O | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: The quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north-east Pacific Ocean increased a hundredfold between 1972 and 2012.Marine pollution is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. The main culprits are those using the rivers for disposing of their w... | Timon | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver. It is caused by a virus called hepatitis B, which can be passed through sexual activity. Hepatitis B causes vomiting. It also causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. The disease goes away on its own in some people. Other people are sick for the rest of thei... | Group Beta | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Collision theory tells us that molecules need to collide in order for a reaction to take place. All else being equal, anything that increases the frequency of collisions would also increase the rate of reaction. One way to do this is to increase the concentrations of one or more of the reacta... | higher | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: A comet tail—and coma—are features visible in comets when they are illuminated by the Sun and may become visible from Earth when a comet passes through the inner Solar System. As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, solar radiation causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize a... | lower | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Hypertension , which is also called "high blood pressure," occurs when a person’s blood pressure is always high. Hypertension is said to be present when a person's systolic blood pressure is always 140 or higher, and/or if the person's diastolic blood pressure is always 90 or higher. Hav... | Qatar | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ). Most researchers believe that the HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century. HIV is transmitted by sexual contact and by contact with infected bodily fl... | Pat | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Marine pollution is a generic term for the entry into the ocean of potentially hazardous chemicals or particles. The biggest culprits are rivers and with them many agriculture fertilizer chemicals as well as livestock and human waste. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals leads to hypoxia and t... | Ans: group B | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: As time passes, the number of HIV copies keeps increasing, while the number of helper T cells keeps decreasing. The graph in Figure below shows how the number of T cells typically declines over a period of many years following the initial HIV infection. As the number of T cells decreases, so ... | live on dead woods | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: A vapor light also produces visible light by electroluminescence The bulb contains a small amount of solid sodium or mercury as well as a mixture of neon and argon gases. When an electric current passes through the gases, it causes the solid sodium or mercury to change to a gas and... | Panama | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: New species develop naturally through the process of natural selection . Due to natural selection, organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers. Natural selection causes beneficial heritable traits to become ... | umpala | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: A major use for petroleum products is fuel for cars, trucks, airplanes, trains, and other vehicles. The chemical used are usually a mixture of compounds containing several carbon atoms in a chain. When the material is ignited, a massive amount of gas is created almost instantaneously. Th... | South | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Sand mining is a direct cause of erosion, and impacts the local wildlife.[2] Various animals depend on sandy beaches for nesting clutches, and mining has led to the near extinction of gharials (a species of crocodile) in India. Disturbance of underwater and coastal sand causes turbidity in the ... | Cook | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: One result of air pollution is acid rain. Acid rain is precipitation with a low (acidic) pH. This rain can be very destructive to wildlife. When acid rain falls in forests, freshwater habitats, or soils, it can kill insects and aquatic life. It causes this damage because of its very low ... | Moon | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: Earthquakes may take place every day near a volcano. But before an eruption, the number and size of earthquakes increases. This is the result of magma pushing upward into the magma chamber. This motion causes stresses on neighboring rock to build up. Eventually the ground shakes. A continuous s... | Ann | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: Given the background: Mantle melting can come about three ways: (1) when the temperature rises, (2) if the pressure lowers (which lowers the melting point), and (3) if water is added, which lowers the melting point. Two of these (1 and 3) might explain why there are volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries the tem... | Bob | 4 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: Given the background: River deltas form when a river carrying sediment reaches either (1) a body of water, such as a lake, ocean, or reservoir, (2) another river that cannot remove the sediment quickly enough to stop delta formation, or (3) an inland region where the water spreads out and deposits s... | less | 6 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Liquid water is a fluid. The hydrogen bonds in liquid water constantly break and reform as the water molecules tumble past one another. As water cools, its molecular motion slows and the molecules move gradually closer to one another. The density of any liquid increases as its temperature decrease... | program B | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the background: Reptiles are a class of animals comprising turtles, tuataras, lizards, snakes and crocodiles. They are tetrapods, but the snakes and a few species of lizard either have no limbs or their limbs are much reduced in size. Their bones are better ossified and their skeletons stronger than thos... | plums | 7 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Candied fruit, also known as crystallized fruit or glacé fruit, has existed since the 14th century. Whole fruit, smaller pieces of fruit, or pieces of peel, are placed in heated sugar syrup, which absorbs the moisture from within the fruit and eventually preserves it. Depending on size and type of... | Group A | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: Given the background: Ionizing radiation has many practical uses in medicine, research and construction, but presents a health hazard if used improperly. Exposure to radiation causes damage to living tissue; high doses result in Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), with skin burns, hair loss, internal organ ... | New | 9 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Sugaring is a food preservation method similar to pickling. Sugaring is the process of desiccating a food by first dehydrating it, then packing it with pure sugar. This sugar can be crystalline in the form of table or raw sugar, or it can be a high sugar density liquid such as honey, syrup or mola... | Ans: Ann | 0 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: Fish reproduce sexually. They lay eggs that can be fertilized either inside or outside of the body. In most fish, the eggs develop outside of the mother's body. In the majority of these species, fertilization also takes place outside the mother's body. The male and female fish release their gamete... | group W | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Given the background: One interesting thing that has been found in plants that are consistently exposed to drought, is their ability to form a sort of "memory". In a study by Tombesi et al., they found plants who had previously been exposed to drought were able to come up with a sort of strategy to minimize water loss ... | decrease | 1 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: Given the background: No doubt you already have a good idea of what temperature is. You might say that it’s how warm or cool something feels. In physics, temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles of matter. When particles of matter move more quickly, they have more kinetic energy, so thei... | US | 2 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: Given the background: Human beings invented agriculture about 10,000 years ago. This provided a bigger, more dependable food supply. It also allowed people to settle down in villages and cities for the first time. Birth rates went up because there was more food and settled life had other advantages. Death rat... | Dapperton | 3 | P3 | ropes_given_background_situation | fs_noopt |
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