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0b7d0c357de8f4f8 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Esiliiga_B', 'title': '2013 Esiliiga B', 'header': ['Team', 'Manager', 'Kit manufacturer'], 'data': [{'value': 'Pärnu Linnameeskond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pärnu_Linnameeskond', 'summary': 'Pärnu Linnameeskond or simply Pärnu , was a football club , based in Pärnu , Estonia . Founded in 2010 as the union of Vaprus , Pärnu JK and Pärnu Kalev . Pärnu Linnameeskond finished 2014 Esiliiga season in third place and was promoted to Meistriliiga . Linnameeskond broke up after second season in the top tier with Vaprus inheriting their league spot for 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Gert Olesk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gert_Olesk', 'summary': 'Gert Olesk ( born 8 August 1973 ) is an Estonian football coach and former professional player . He played the position of defender .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Järve Kohtla-Järve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kohtla-Järve_JK_Järve', 'summary': 'Kohtla-Järve JK Järve is an Estonian football club from Kohtla-Järve . They play in the Esiliiga B , the third highest level of Estonian football league pyramid . The club was created in 2012 , when Kohtla-Järve JK Alko and Kohtla-Järve FC Lootus joined together .'}]}, {'value': 'Andrei Škaleta', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HÜJK Emmaste', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HÜJK_Emmaste', 'summary': 'Viimsi JK , or simply as Viimsi , is a football club based in Haabneeme , Viimsi Parish , Estonia .'}]}, {'value': 'Marko Pärnpuu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hummel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hummel_International', 'summary': 'Hummel International Sport & Leisure A/S is a Danish manufacturing company based in Aarhus . The company was founded in 1923 by Albert Messmer and his brother Michael Ludwig Messmer , with the name Messmer & Co in Hamburg , Germany . Hummel became Danish after being taken over by Bernhard Weckenbrock in 1956 , who moved its base to Kevelaer , North Rhine-Westphalia . Since 1999 , hummel has been a part of the Danish Thornico Group founded by Christian and Thor Stadil . Being one of the oldest sportswear brands in the business with roots in football & handball , hummel has previously been worn by big football teams like Real Madrid , Tottenham Hotspur , Aston Villa and the Denmark national team . Today , hummel continues to sponsor clubs and players within handball and football . The company currently manufactures apparel for football , rugby league , futsal , handball , basketball , shinty and volleyball teams . Moreover , the company also offers apparel and footwear for children alongside its fashion subbrand , hummel HIVE .'}]}, {'value': 'Sillamäe Kalev II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JK_Sillamäe_Kalev_II', 'summary': "JK Sillamäe Kalev U21 is a football club based in Sillamäe , Estonia . It is Sillamäe Kalev 's reserve team . They play their home games at Sillamäe Kalev Stadium . Reserve teams in Estonia play in the same league system as their senior teams rather than a separate league . Reserve teams , however , can not play in the same division as their senior team . Players can switch between senior and reserve teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Algimantas Briaunys Vadym Dobizha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algimantas_Briaunys', 'summary': 'Algimantas Briaunys ( born 3 November 1964 ) is a Lithuanian professional footballer/goalkeeper coach . He played the position of goalkeeper . He won a total of 4 international caps for the Lithuania national football team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vadym_Dobizha', 'summary': 'Vadym Dmytrovych Dobizha ( Ukrainian : Вадим Дмитрович Добіжа ; born 26 February 1941 ) is a Ukrainian football coach and a former player . He manages JK Sillamäe Kalev .'}]}, {'value': 'Uhlsport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uhlsport', 'summary': 'uhlsport GmbH is a German sporting goods manufacturer . Originally established in 1948 as Haase & Uhl OHG and later renamed Karl Uhl GmbH , the company became uhlsport GmbH in 1994 . It is an international company which has its permanent headquarters in Balingen in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . The company manufactures and distributes its products through the brands uhlsport , Kempa , Spalding and BLK .'}]}, {'value': 'Nõmme Kalju II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JK_Nõmme_Kalju_II', 'summary': 'Nõmme Kalju FC U21 , commonly known as Nõmme Kalju U21 , or simply as Kalju U21 , is a football club , based in Nõmme , Tallinn , Estonia . Founded as Nõmme Kalju II , it is the reserve team of Nõmme Kalju , and currently plays in the Esiliiga . Reserve teams in Estonia play in the same league system as the senior team , rather than in a reserve team league . They must play at least one level below their main side , however , so Nõmme Kalju U21 is ineligible for promotion to the Meistriliiga but can play in the Estonian Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Zaur Tšilingarašvili', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Elva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Elva', 'summary': 'FC Elva is a football club , based in Elva , Estonia , that competes in the Esiliiga , the second level of Estonian football .'}]}, {'value': 'Marek Naaris', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nike,_Inc.', 'summary': "Nike , Inc. ( /ˈnaɪki/ ) [ note 1 ] is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is the world 's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US $ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . As of 2017 , the Nike brand is valued at $ 29.6 billion . Nike ranked No . 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike+ , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , Nike CR7 , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) from 1995 to 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro ."}]}, {'value': 'Legion Tallinn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tallinna_JK_Legion', 'summary': 'Tallinna Jalgpalli Klubi Legion or simply TJK Legion is an Estonian football club , based in Tallinn . On 4 January 2008 Tallinna Jalgpalli Klubi and Tallinna SK Legion merged into this club . Legion also has a reserve team . Its name is Tallinna JK Legion II .'}]}, {'value': 'Mikhail Artyukhov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikhail_Artyukhov', 'summary': 'Mikhail Artyukhov ( born 15 September 1943 ) is a Soviet skier . He competed in the Nordic combined at the 1968 Winter Olympics and the 1972 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ararat TTÜ Tallinn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Ararat_Tallinn', 'summary': 'Jalgpalliklubi FC Ararat , commonly known as FC Ararat Tallinn , or simply as Ararat , is a football team based in Tallinn , Estonia , who play in the II liiga North/East . It was founded by a group of Armenian players to promote Armenian identity and named after Mount Ararat .'}]}, {'value': 'Vaagn Arutjunjan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nike,_Inc.', 'summary': "Nike , Inc. ( /ˈnaɪki/ ) [ note 1 ] is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is the world 's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US $ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . As of 2017 , the Nike brand is valued at $ 29.6 billion . Nike ranked No . 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike+ , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , Nike CR7 , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) from 1995 to 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro ."}]}, {'value': 'Dünamo Tallinn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tallinna_Dünamo', 'summary': 'Tallinna Dünamo is an Estonian football club from Tallinn . The club was formed in 1940 and won ten Estonian SSR championships . In 2004 the club won a surprising return to Estonian top flight - Meistriliiga , when Tervis Pärnu turned out to be ineligible for promotion , but then the club suffered two successive relegations , first to the Esiliiga and then to Estonian II Liiga . Originally , the club also played bandy , becoming Estonian champions of this sport in 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'Viktor Nešeretnõi', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flora III Tallinn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Flora_III_Tallinn', 'summary': 'FC Flora U19 Tallinn , commonly known as Flora U19 Tallinn , or simply as Flora U19 , is a football club , based in Tallinn , Estonia . Founded as FC Flora III , it is the reserve team of Flora U21 , and currently plays in the Esiliiga B . Reserve teams in Estonia play in the same league system as the senior team , rather than in a reserve team league . They must play at least one level below their main side , however , so Flora U19 is ineligible for promotion to the Esiliiga but can play in the Estonian Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Dmitri Ustritski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dmitri_Ustritski', 'summary': 'Dmitri Ustritski ( born 8 May 1975 in Tallinn ) is a former Estonian professional footballer . He was playing the position of striker . He spent the prime years of his career playing for JK Viljandi Tulevik . He won a total of 17 international caps for the Estonia national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nike,_Inc.', 'summary': "Nike , Inc. ( /ˈnaɪki/ ) [ note 1 ] is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is the world 's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US $ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . As of 2017 , the Nike brand is valued at $ 29.6 billion . Nike ranked No . 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike+ , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , Nike CR7 , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) from 1995 to 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Teams -- Personnel and kits', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2013_Esiliiga_B_1', 'intro': "The 2013 season of the Esiliiga B, the third level in the Estonian football system, is the first season in the league's history. The season officially began on 3 March 2013 and ended on 10 November 2013. However, on 3 March the Estonian Football Association announced that all matches scheduled for 3 March 2013 would be postponed due to heavy snowfall."} | null | null | Who was the manager of the team who broke up after second season in the top tier , inheriting their league spot for 2017 ? | Gert Olesk |
0b7d18560d6fe2e1 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Chi_Alpha_brothers', 'title': 'List of Lambda Chi Alpha brothers', 'header': ['Name', 'Original chapter', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'James W. Abbott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_W._Abbott', 'summary': 'James W. Abbott ( born June 12 , 1948 ) is an American retired politician and academic , most recently serving as the president of the University of South Dakota from 1997 to 2018 . Abbott was the Democratic nominee in the 2002 South Dakotan gubernatorial election . Abbott is a distinguished alumni of the Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity .'}]}, {'value': 'University of South Dakota', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of the University of South Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_South_Dakota', 'summary': "The University of South Dakota ( USD ) is a public research university in Vermillion , South Dakota . Established by the Dakota Territory legislature in 1862 , 27 years before the establishment of the state of South Dakota , USD is the flagship university for the state of South Dakota and the state 's oldest public university . It occupies a 274 acres ( 1.11 km2 ) campus located in southeastern South Dakota , approximately 63 miles ( 101 km ) southwest of Sioux Falls , 39 miles ( 63 km ) northwest of Sioux City , Iowa , and north of the Missouri River . The university is home to South Dakota 's only medical school and law school . It is also home to the National Music Museum , with over 15,000 American , European , and non-Western instruments . USD is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents , and its president is Sheila Gestring . The university has been accredited by the North Central Association of College and Schools since 1913 . University of South Dakota 's alumni include a total of 17 Truman Scholars , 12 Rhodes Scholars , and 1 Nobel Laureate , ( Ernest Lawrence '22 , 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics . ) The athletic teams compete in the NCAA 's Division I as members of The Summit League , except football , which competes in the Missouri Valley Football Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'John D. Baldeschwieler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_D._Baldeschwieler', 'summary': 'John D. Baldeschwieler ( born 1933 ) is an American chemist who has made significant contributions in molecular structure and spectroscopy . Born on November 14 , 1933 , in Elizabeth , New Jersey , he was an alumnus of Cornell University ( B.S. , 1956 , Chemical Engineering ) and the University of California , Berkeley ( Ph.D. , 1959 ) . He has taught at Harvard University , Stanford University and currently is the J. Stanley Johnson Professor and Professor of Chemistry , Emeritus at Caltech .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornell University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noted chemist and Caltech professor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caltech', 'summary': "The California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) is a private doctorate-granting research university in Pasadena , California . Known for its strength in natural science and engineering , Caltech is often ranked as one of the world 's top-ten universities . Although founded as a preparatory and vocational school by Amos G. Throop in 1891 , the college attracted influential scientists such as George Ellery Hale , Arthur Amos Noyes and Robert Andrews Millikan in the early 20th century . The vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910 and the college assumed its present name in 1920 . In 1934 , Caltech was elected to the Association of American Universities , and the antecedents of NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory , which Caltech continues to manage and operate , were established between 1936 and 1943 under Theodore von Kármán . The university is one among a small group of institutes of technology in the United States which is primarily devoted to the instruction of pure and applied sciences . Caltech has six academic divisions with strong emphasis on science and engineering , managing $ 332 million in 2011 in sponsored research . Its 124-acre ( 50 ha ) primary campus is located approximately 11 mi ( 18 km ) northeast of downtown Los Angeles . First-year students are required to live on campus and 95% of undergraduates remain in the on-campus House System at Caltech . Although Caltech has a strong tradition of practical jokes and pranks , student life is governed by an honor code which allows faculty to assign take-home examinations . The Caltech Beavers compete in 13 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division III 's Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference . As of November 2019 [ update ] , Caltech alumni , faculty and researchers include 74 Nobel Laureates ( chemist Linus Pauling being the only individual in history to win two unshared prizes ) , 4 Fields Medalists , and 6 Turing Award winners ."}]}, {'value': 'Samuel King Allison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_King_Allison', 'summary': "Samuel King Allison ( November 13 , 1900 - September 15 , 1965 ) was an American physicist , most notable for his role in the Manhattan Project , for which he was awarded the Medal for Merit . He was director of the Metallurgical Laboratory from 1943 until 1944 , and later worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory - where he rode herd on the final stages of the project as part of the Cowpuncher Committee , and read the countdown for the detonation of the Trinity nuclear test . After the war , he returned to the University of Chicago to direct the Institute for Nuclear Studies and was involved in the scientists ' movement , lobbying for civilian control of nuclear weapons ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Chicago', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manhattan_Project', 'summary': 'The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons . It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada . From 1942 to 1946 , the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs . The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District ; Manhattan gradually superseded the official codename , Development of Substitute Materials , for the entire project . Along the way , the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart , Tube Alloys . The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939 , but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $ 2 billion ( about $ 23 billion in 2018 dollars ) . Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material , with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons . Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States , the United Kingdom , and Canada . Two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war : a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon . The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium , and therefore a simpler gun-type called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235 , an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium . Chemically identical to the most common isotope , uranium-238 , and with almost the same mass , it proved difficult to separate the two .'}]}, {'value': 'J. Michael Bishop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop', 'summary': 'John Michael Bishop ( born February 22 , 1936 ) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Harold E. Varmus and was co-winner of 1984 Alfred P. Sloan Prize . He serves as an active faculty member at the University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) , where he also served as Chancellor from 1998 to 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Gettysburg College', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Immunologist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David L. Chicoine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_L._Chicoine', 'summary': 'David L. Chicoine is an American university administrator and businessman .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of South Dakota State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Dakota_State_University', 'summary': "South Dakota State University is a public research university in Brookings , South Dakota . Founded in 1881 , it is the state 's largest and most comprehensive university and the oldest continually-operating university in South Dakota . The university is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents , which governs the state 's six public universities and two special schools . South Dakota State University is a land grant , space grant , and sun grant university . It was founded under the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act . This land-grant heritage and mission has led the university to place a special focus on academic programs in agriculture , engineering , nursing , and pharmacy , as well as liberal arts . The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching classifies South Dakota State University as a Research University with high research activity . The graduate program is classified as Doctoral , Science , Technology , Engineering , Math dominant ."}]}, {'value': 'Donald J. Cram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donald_J._Cram', 'summary': 'Donald James Cram ( April 22 , 1919 - June 17 , 2001 ) was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity . They were the founders of the field of host-guest chemistry .'}]}, {'value': 'Rollins College', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chemist ; Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner 1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry', 'summary': "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry . It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 , awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry , physics , literature , peace , and physiology or medicine . This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation , and awarded by Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by Academy . The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10 , the anniversary of Nobel 's death . The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff , of the Netherlands , for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions . From 1901 to 2018 , the award has been bestowed on a total of 180 individuals ."}]}, {'value': 'George Forsythe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Forsythe', 'summary': "George Elmer Forsythe ( January 8 , 1917 - April 9 , 1972 ) was the founder and head of Stanford University 's Computer Science Department . George came to Stanford in the Mathematics Department in 1959 , and served as professor and chairman of the Computer Science department from 1965 until his death . Forsythe served as the president of the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) , and also co-authored four books on computer science and a fifth on meteorology , and edited more than 75 other books on computer science . Forsythe married Alexandra I. Forsythe , who wrote the first published textbook in computer science and actively participated in her husband 's work , while promoting a more active role for women than was common at the time . Between 1950 and 1958 both of them programmed using the SWAC at the National Bureau of Standards ( NBS ) in Los Angeles and later at UCLA after the western division of NBS was closed due to political pressures ( see Oral History cited below ) . With his wife , Forsythe had a daughter and a son . According to Donald Knuth , Forsythe 's greatest contributions were helping to establish computer science as its own academic discipline and starting the field of refereeing and editing algorithms as scholarly work . Professor Forsythe supervised 17 PhD graduates ; many of them went into academic careers . He won a Lester R. Ford Award in 1969 and again in 1971 ."}]}, {'value': 'Brown University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Founder and former head of the computer science department at Stanford University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_University', 'summary': "Stanford University , officially Leland Stanford Junior University , is a private research university in Stanford , California . Stanford is known for its academic achievements , wealth , close proximity to Silicon Valley , and selectivity ; it ranks as one of the world 's top universities . The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child , Leland Stanford Jr. , who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year . Stanford was a U.S . Senator and former Governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon . The school admitted its first students on October 1 , 1891 , as a coeducational and non-denominational institution . Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . Following World War II , Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates ' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley . The university is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country , becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year . The university is organized around three traditional schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate and graduate level and four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law , medicine , education , and business . Students compete in 36 varsity sports , and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference . It has gained 126 NCAA team championships , and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors ' Cup for 24 consecutive years , beginning in 1994-1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'William C. Friday', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_C._Friday', 'summary': "William Clyde Bill Friday ( July 13 , 1920 - October 12 , 2012 ) was an American educator who served as the head of the University of North Carolina system from 1956 to 1986 . He was born in Raphine , Virginia and raised in Dallas , North Carolina . Friday graduated from Dallas High School in Dallas , North Carolina , where he played baseball and basketball . He held a bachelor 's degree in textile manufacturing from North Carolina State University and a law degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . While attending NCSU , Friday was elected president of the senior class of 1941 . He was a member of Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity . Friday served in the United States Navy Reserve during World War II . His entire professional life was spent in higher education . Friday was assistant dean of students at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1948 to 1951 , assistant to the President of the Consolidated University of North Carolina Gordon Gray from 1951 to 1955 , then Secretary of the University of North Carolina system , and acting president of the system from 1956 to 1957 , when he was chosen to take the position permanently . Friday would remain in this position until retiring in 1986 . Friday was the founding co-chairman of the Knight Foundation Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics and served in this role from 1989 to 2005 . After retirement , Friday remained an influential voice in North Carolina and hosted a public television talk show , North Carolina People , which he began while still president of the University system ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina State University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former head of the University of North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina', 'summary': "The University of North Carolina is a multi-campus public university system composed of all 16 of North Carolina 's public universities , as well as the NC School of Science and Mathematics , the nation 's first public residential high school for gifted students . Commonly referred to as the University of North Carolina System or the UNC System to differentiate it from the original campus in Chapel Hill , the university has a total enrollment of over 239,987 students [ when ? ] and in 2008 conferred over 75% of all baccalaureate degrees in North Carolina . UNC campuses conferred 43,686 degrees in 2008-2009 , the bulk of which were at the bachelor 's level , with 31,055 degrees awarded ."}]}, {'value': 'Homer Hitt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Homer_Hitt', 'summary': "Dr. Homer Hitt was the first chief executive of the University of New Orleans , serving from 1958 to 1980 . He was selected in 1957 to be the first dean of the newly created Louisiana State University New Orleans campus . His title was changed to vice president in charge in 1961 and to chancellor in 1968 . A native of Comanche , Texas , Dr. Hitt received his doctorate from Harvard University in 1941 in sociology , after earning master 's degrees from both Harvard and LSU . He died on Sunday , January 27 , 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Founding Chancellor of the University of New Orleans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_New_Orleans', 'summary': 'The University of New Orleans ( UNO ) is public research university in New Orleans , Louisiana . It is a member of the University of Louisiana System and the Urban 13 association . It is part of the University of Louisiana System .'}]}, {'value': 'William Manchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Manchester', 'summary': 'William Raymond Manchester ( April 1 , 1922 - June 1 , 2004 ) was an American author , biographer , and historian . He was the author of 18 books which have been translated into over 20 languages . He was awarded the National Humanities Medal and the Abraham Lincoln Literary Award .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Massachusetts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Historian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. Frank Martin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._Frank_Martin', 'summary': 'Andrew Franklin Martin ( December 7 , 1894 - June 9 , 1982 ) , born in Akins , Oklahoma , was a saxophonist , a bandmaster and an educational administrator and one of ten founding members of Kappa Kappa Psi , National Honorary Band Fraternity . He was an education student at Oklahoma A & M College in the class of 1920 . In 1916 , Martin joined the Chi Alpha social club which was formed explicitly to petition for a charter of Lambda Chi Alpha . The Alpha-Eta Zeta of Lambda Chi Alpha was established on the campus of Oklahoma A & M on September 15 , 1917 . Beyond Kappa Kappa Psi , Martin was the Managing Editor of the 1920 Redskin yearbook , a Lambda Chi Alpha delegate to the local Interfraternity Council , a member of the student senate , the vice president of the education society , a member of the YMCA cabinet , and social editor of the school newspaper Orange and Black .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'One of the ten founding fathers of the Kappa Kappa Psi fraternity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kappa_Kappa_Psi', 'summary': 'Kappa Kappa Psi , National Honorary Band Fraternity ( ΚΚΨ , colloquially referred to as KKPsi ) , is a fraternity for college and university band members in the United States . It was founded on November 27 , 1919 , on Thanksgiving Day , at Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College , now known as Oklahoma State University , in Stillwater , Oklahoma . Kappa Kappa Psi primarily operates as a recognition society providing service , leadership opportunities , and social programming for band members . Tau Beta Sigma , National Honorary Band Sorority , has been recognized as a sister organization since 1947 , and the two organizations share National Headquarters in Stillwater Station , a converted historical Santa Fe rail depot that was purchased by the fraternity and sorority in 1991 . Since 1919 , more than 66,000 men and women have been initiated into Kappa Kappa Psi , with nearly 6,000 collegiate members active today . Members of Kappa Kappa Psi include President Bill Clinton ; chancellor and eleventh president of Indiana University , Herman B Wells ; composers John Williams and John Philip Sousa ; conductor William Revelli ; and jazz pianist and bandleader Count Basie .'}]}, {'value': 'David S. Mason', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_S._Mason', 'summary': "David Stewart Mason ( born November 23 , 1947 ) is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Butler University in Indianapolis . His most recent book , The End of the American Century ( Rowman & Littlefield , 2008 ) explores the interrelated dimensions of America 's domestic and international decline . That book has been translated and published in China , by the Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House . Mason was born in Washington , D.C. in 1947 ; received his B.A . in Government from Cornell University in 1969 ; his M.A . in International Affairs from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in 1971 ; and his Ph.D. in Political Science from Indiana University in 1978 . Mason has received research grants from the National Science Foundation , the Rockefeller Foundation , the American Council of Learned Societies , the National Council for Soviet and East European Research , the International Research and Exchanges Board , and the Social Science Research Council ."}]}, {'value': 'Cornell University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Author of The End of the American Century , professor emeritus at Butler University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Butler_University', 'summary': 'Butler University is a private liberal arts university in Indianapolis , Indiana , United States . Founded in 1855 and named after founder Ovid Butler , the university has over 60 major academic fields of study in six colleges : Lacy School of Business , College of Communication , College of Education , College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , and Jordan College of the Arts . It comprises a 295-acre ( 119 ha ) campus located approximately five miles ( 8.0 km ) from downtown Indianapolis .'}]}, {'value': 'John McCardell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_McCardell', 'summary': 'John Malcolm McCardell Jr. ( born June 17 , 1949 ) is an American historian and academic administrator . He serves as the Vice-Chancellor and President of Sewanee : The University of the South , where he is also a history professor .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former President of Middlebury College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middlebury_College', 'summary': "Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury , Vermont . It was founded in 1800 by Congregationalists . The college currently enrolls 2,526 undergraduates from all 50 states and 74 countries and offers 44 majors in the arts , humanities , literature , foreign languages , social sciences , and natural sciences . The college is the first American institution of higher education to have granted a bachelor 's degree to an African-American , graduating Alexander Twilight in the class of 1823 . Middlebury was also one of the first formerly all-male liberal arts colleges in New England to become a coeducational institution , following the trustees ' decision in 1883 to accept women . In 1886 , May Belle Chellis was the first woman to graduate , and she was the valedictorian ( although she was not allowed to address the graduating class because she was a woman ) . Middlebury was listed as tied for the fifth-best liberal arts college in the U.S. in the 2019 U.S. News & World Report rankings . Middlebury 's 31 varsity teams are known as the Middlebury Panthers and compete in the NCAA Division III 's NESCAC conference . The school is known for its graduate programs that focus on literature , language , political science , and entrepreneurship ."}]}, {'value': 'Abe Mickal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abe_Mickal', 'summary': "Ibrahim Khalil Abe Mickal ( c. 1912/1913 [ a ] - September 20 , 2001 ) was a Lebanese-American college football player and a doctor . He played as a halfback for the LSU Tigers football team of Louisiana State University , where he was notable for his passing skills and play-making ability , which earned him the nickname Miracle Mickal . He was also the team 's primary punter and placekicker . A three-time All-Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) selection , Mickal led LSU to an undefeated season in 1933 and a conference championship and Sugar Bowl in 1935 . In 1936 , Mickal played quarterback for a college all-star team that was the first team of college players to defeat a professional team . Although selected in the 1936 NFL Draft , he did not play professionally . Mickal was a charter member of the LSU Athletic Hall of Fame in 1937 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1967 . In addition to football , Mickal was a cadet in LSU 's Reserve Officers ' Training Corps ( ROTC ) , was a member of the pre-med club and debate team , and as a senior was president of the university 's student body . While a student , he was offered a seat in the Louisiana State Senate by U.S . Senator and noted LSU supporter Huey Long , which he declined . He earned his medical degree in 1940 , and after serving in World War II began a lifelong career in obstetrics and gynecology . He served as head professor of the LSU Medical School OB/GYN department for over twenty years ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former professional football player and chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Louisiana State University Medical Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_State_University', 'summary': "Louisiana State University ( officially Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College , commonly referred to as LSU ) is a public research university in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville , Louisiana , under the name Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy . The current LSU main campus was dedicated in 1926 , consists of more than 250 buildings constructed in the style of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio , and the main campus historic district occupies a 650-acre ( 2.6 km² ) plateau on the banks of the Mississippi River . LSU is the flagship school of the state of Louisiana , as well the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System , and is the most comprehensive university in Louisiana . In 2017 , the university enrolled over 25,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools and colleges . Several of LSU 's graduate schools , such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center , have received national recognition in their respective fields of study . Designated as a land-grant , sea-grant and space-grant institution , LSU is also noted for its extensive research facilities , operating some 800 sponsored research projects funded by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the National Endowment for the Humanities , and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . LSU is one of eight universities in the United States with dental , law , veterinary , medical , and Master of Business Administration programs . The LSU School of Veterinary Medicine is one of only 30 veterinary schools in the country and the only one in Louisiana . LSU 's athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports ( 9 men 's , 12 women 's ) , and is a member of the NCAA ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ) and the SEC ( Southeastern Conference ) . The university is represented by its mascot , Mike the Tiger ."}]}, {'value': 'Perry Miller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perry_Miller', 'summary': 'Perry Gilbert Eddy Miller ( February 25 , 1905 - December 9 , 1963 ) was an American intellectual historian and professor and a co-founder of the field of American Studies . Miller specialized in the history of early America , and took an active role in a revisionist view of the colonial Puritan theocracy that was cultivated at Harvard beginning in the 1920s . Heavy drinking led to a premature death age fifty-eight . Perry Miller was a great historian of Puritanism but the dark conflicts of the Puritan mind eroded his own mental stability .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former Harvard University professor and historian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harvard_University', 'summary': "Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge , Massachusetts , with about 6,800 undergraduate students and about 14,000 postgraduate students . Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor , clergyman John Harvard , Harvard is the United States ' oldest institution of higher learning . Its history , influence , wealth , and academic reputation have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . The Harvard Corporation , chartered in 1650 , is the governing body of Harvard . In its early years , Harvard College primarily trained Congregational and Unitarian clergy , although it has never been formally affiliated with any denomination . Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century , and by the 19th century , Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites . Following the American Civil War , President Charles W. Eliot 's long tenure ( 1869-1909 ) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university ; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900 . A. Lawrence Lowell , who succeeded Eliot , further reformed the undergraduate curriculum and undertook aggressive expansion of Harvard 's land holdings and physical campus . James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II ; he began to liberalize admissions after the war . The university is organized into eleven principal academic units - ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study - with campuses throughout Greater Boston : its 209-acre ( 85 ha ) original undergraduate campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge , approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of Boston ; the business school and many athletics facilities , including Harvard Stadium , are across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston ; and the medical , dental , and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area . Harvard 's endowment is worth $ 40.9 billion , making it the largest of any academic institution . Harvard is a large , highly residential research university ."}]}, {'value': 'Donald Othmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donald_Othmer', 'summary': 'Donald Frederick Othmer ( May 11 , 1904 - November 1 , 1995 ) was an American professor of chemical engineering , an inventor , multi-millionaire and philanthropist , whose most famous work is the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology .'}]}, {'value': '( honorary )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Inventor and philanthropist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Todd Parnell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_Parnell', 'summary': "Ben Todd Parnell III is retired president of Drury University in Springfield , Missouri , co-founder and the retired CEO of THE BANK in Springfield , a community activist , an environmental advocate , an author , and keynote speaker . Parnell was sworn in as interim president at a faculty/staff meeting in Clara Thompson Hall on April 23 , 2007 , upon the resignation of John Sellars , Drury 's fifteenth president . After a number of options were considered for the office , Parnell was formally inaugurated as Drury University 's sixteenth president on April 20 , 2008 , by Drury 's trustee-driven search committee . Parnell retired in 2013 , serving his last day as president on May 31 , 2013 . Parnell graduated from Drury University in 1969 with a bachelor 's degree in business and economics . He then went on to earn an MBA from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College in 1971 . He later received a Masters in history from Missouri State University in 2010 . Prior to his position as president of The Signature Bank , Parnell was president of Truman Bank and executive vice president of First National Bank , both located in Clayton , Missouri . Parnell has served as the Board Chairman of the Springfield , Missouri , Area Chamber of Commerce , member of the Springfield-Branson National Airport board , Board Chairman of the Community Foundation of the Ozarks , member of the Rotary Club of Southeast Springfield , treasurer of the James River Basin Partnership , treasurer of the Upper White River Basin Foundation , and board member for Missouri Bankers Association and Wonders of Wildlife . His father was Ben Parnell Jr. Ben was founder and President of People 's Bank , now Ozark Mountain Bank , in Branson , MO . Parnell is the author of Postcards from Branson : A Century of Family Reminiscence . Parnell has also authored two other books : The Buffalo , Ben , and Me and Mom at War ."}]}, {'value': 'Drury University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of Drury University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drury_University', 'summary': "Drury University , formerly Drury College and originally Springfield College , is a private liberal arts college in Springfield , Missouri . The university enrolls about 1,600 undergraduates , 450 graduate students in six master 's programs , and 3,160 students in the College of Continuing Professional Studies . In 2013 , the Drury Panthers Men 's Basketball team won the NCAA Men 's Division II Basketball Championship . The Drury Men 's and Women 's Panthers have accumulated 22 NCAA Division II National Championships between them , in addition to numerous NAIA titles before moving to the NCAA . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'George Preti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Preti', 'summary': "Dr. George Preti is an analytical organic chemist currently working at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . For more than four decades , his research has focused on the nature , origin , and functional significance of human odors . Dr. Preti 's laboratory has identified characteristic underarm odorants , and his current studies center upon a bioassay-guided approach to the identification of human pheromones , odors diagnostic of human disease , human malodor identification and suppression and examining the odor-print of humans ."}]}, {'value': 'Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Organic chemist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ricardo Romo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricardo_Romo', 'summary': 'Ricardo Romo is an urban historian who served as the fifth President of the University of Texas at San Antonio from May 1999 to March 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of University of Texas at San Antonio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_San_Antonio', 'summary': "The University of Texas at San Antonio ( UTSA ) is a public research university in San Antonio , Texas . With over 30,000 students , it is the largest university in San Antonio and the eighth-largest ( 2018 ) in the state of Texas . It includes three campuses across the San Antonio metropolitan area that span 725 acres of land . UTSA offers 67 bachelor 's , 69 master 's , and 24 doctoral degree programs . Established in 1969 , UTSA has become the third largest institution within the UT System by enrollment . The university has a local economic impact of $ 1.2 billion and the UTSA Institute for Economic Development generates $ 2.9 billion in direct economic impact nationwide . The university 's restricted research expenditures have grown to $ 50.8 million while total research expenditures grew to $ 80.6 million in FY19 . Its football team has competed in Conference USA since 2013 , previously playing a stint in the WAC and as an FCS independent ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Lambda_Chi_Alpha_brothers_0', 'intro': 'The list of Lambda Chi Alpha brothers includes notable initiated and honorary members of Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity.'} | null | null | What is the original chapter of the brother who is a distinguished alumni of the Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity ? | University of South Dakota |
0b7d5cd5bc45aae1 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_O._Selznick_filmography', 'title': 'David O. Selznick filmography', 'header': ['Release date', 'Title', 'Director ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': 'August 5 , 1928', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forgotten Faces', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forgotten_Faces_(1928_film)', 'summary': "Forgotten Faces is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Victor Schertzinger and starring Clive Brook , Mary Brian , and Olga Baclanova . The production was overseen by David O. Selznick , a rising young producer at the time . The film was remade by Paramount in 1936 as a sound film . The film is preserved with copies at the Library of Congress and the Museum of Modern Art . This film is Paramount 's remake of their 1920 film Heliotrope ."}]}, {'value': 'Victor Schertzinger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victor_Schertzinger', 'summary': "Victor L. Schertzinger ( April 8 , 1888 - October 26 , 1941 ) was an American composer , film director , film producer , and screenwriter . His films include Paramount on Parade ( co-director , 1930 ) , Something to Sing About ( 1937 ) with James Cagney , and the first two Road pictures Road to Singapore ( 1940 ) and Road to Zanzibar ( 1941 ) . His two best-known songs are I Remember You and Tangerine , both with lyrics by Johnny Mercer and both featured in Schertzinger 's final film , The Fleet 's In ( 1942 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'March 14 , 1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinatown Nights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chinatown_Nights_(1929_film)', 'summary': 'Chinatown Nights , also known as Tong War , is a 1929 film starring Wallace Beery and begun as a silent film then finished as an all-talking sound one via dubbing . Directed by William A. Wellman and released by Paramount Pictures , Chinatown Nights also stars Florence Vidor , former wife of director King Vidor , who did not dub her own voice and quit the movie business immediately afterward , preferring not to work in sound films ; her voice in Chinatown Nights was supplied by actress Nella Walker . The supporting cast includes Warner Oland as a Chinese gangster and Jack Oakie as a stuttering reporter . The movie was based upon the story Tong War by Samuel Ornitz .'}]}, {'value': 'William A. Wellman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_A._Wellman', 'summary': 'William Augustus Wellman ( February 29 , 1896 - December 9 , 1975 ) was an American film director notable for his work in crime , adventure and action genre films , often focusing on aviation themes , a particular passion . He also directed several well-regarded satirical comedies . Beginning his film career as an actor , he went on to direct over 80 films , at times co-credited as producer and consultant . In 1927 , Wellman famously directed Wings , which became the first film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony . He also won the Academy Award for Best Story for his film A Star Is Born .'}]}, {'value': 'May 27 , 1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Man I Love', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Man_I_Love_(1929_film)', 'summary': "The Man I Love ( 1929 ) is a part-talking sound film from Paramount Pictures produced in parallel silent and sound versions . This film survives in a copy sold to television in the 1950s . The film stars Richard Arlen . Some sources refer to this as Arlen 's first sound film , but he co-starred Nancy Carroll in Dorothy Arzner 's Manhattan Cocktail ( 1928 ) , another part-talking picture released by Paramount ."}]}, {'value': 'William A. Wellman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 12 , 1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Four Feathers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Four_Feathers_(1929_film)', 'summary': 'The Four Feathers is a 1929 American war film directed by Merian C. Cooper and starring William Powell , Richard Arlen , Clive Brook and Fay Wray . The film is the third of numerous film versions of the 1902 novel The Four Feathers written by A. E. W. Mason .'}]}, {'value': 'Merian C. Cooper Ernest B. Schoedsack Lothar Mendes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper', 'summary': "Merian Caldwell Cooper ( October 24 , 1893 - April 21 , 1973 ) was an American aviator , United States Air Force and Polish Air Force officer , adventurer , screenwriter , film director , and producer . Cooper was the founder of the Kościuszko Squadron during the Polish-Soviet War and was a Soviet prisoner of war for a time . He was a notable movie producer , and got his start with film as part of the Explorers Club , traveling the world and documenting adventures . He was a member of the board of directors of Pan American Airways , but his love of film always took priority . During his film career , he worked for companies such as Pioneer Pictures , RKO Pictures , and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . He is also credited as co-inventor of the Cinerama film projection process . Cooper 's most famous film was the 1933 movie King Kong . He was awarded an honorary Oscar for lifetime achievement in 1952 and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ernest_B._Schoedsack', 'summary': 'Ernest Beaumont Schoedsack ( June 8 , 1893 - December 23 , 1979 ) was an American motion picture cinematographer , producer , and director . He worked on several films with Merian C. Cooper including King Kong and Chang : A Drama of the Wilderness .'}]}, {'value': 'August 15 , 1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Dance of Life', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Dance_of_Life', 'summary': "The Dance of Life ( 1929 ) is the first of three film adaptations of the popular Broadway play Burlesque , the others being Swing High , Swing Low ( 1937 ) and When My Baby Smiles at Me ( 1948 ) . The Dance of Life was shot at Paramount 's Astoria Studios in Astoria , Queens , and included Technicolor sequences , directed by John Cromwell and A. Edward Sutherland ."}]}, {'value': 'John Cromwell A. Edward Sutherland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Cromwell_(director)', 'summary': 'Elwood Dager Cromwell ( December 23 , 1886 - September 26 , 1979 ) , known as John Cromwell , was an American film and stage director and actor . His films spanned the early days of sound to 1950s film noir , when his directing career was cut short by the Hollywood blacklist .'}]}, {'value': 'September 14 , 1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fast Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fast_Company_(1929_film)', 'summary': 'Fast Company is a 1929 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by A. Edward Sutherland and starring Jack Oakie and Evelyn Brent . It is based upon the play Elmer the Great by George M. Cohan and Ring Lardner .'}]}, {'value': 'A. Edward Sutherland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._Edward_Sutherland', 'summary': "Albert Edward Sutherland ( January 5 , 1895 - December 31 , 1973 ) was a film director and actor . Born in London , he was from a theatrical family . His father , Al Sutherland , was a theatre manager and producer and his mother , Julie Ring , was a vaudeville performer . He was a nephew of both Blanche Ring and Thomas Meighan , who was married to Frances Ring , another of his mother 's sisters . Sutherland acted in 37 known films early in his career , beginning as a Keystone Cop in Tillie 's Punctured Romance ( 1914 ) , which starred Charles Chaplin , Mabel Normand , and Marie Dressler ."}]}, {'value': 'February 2 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Street of Chance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Street_of_Chance_(1930_film)', 'summary': 'Street of Chance is a 1930 American pre-Code film directed by John Cromwell and starring William Powell , Jean Arthur , Kay Francis and Regis Toomey . Howard Estabrook was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Writing , Achievement .'}]}, {'value': 'John Cromwell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 14 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarah and Son', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarah_and_Son', 'summary': "Sarah and Son is a 1930 pre-Code American drama film directed by Dorothy Arzner . The screenplay by Zoë Akins was adapted from Timothy Shea 's novel of the same name . It stars Ruth Chatterton , Fredric March , Gilbert Emery , and Doris Lloyd . It was filmed at Paramount Studios in Los Angeles and released by Paramount Pictures ."}]}, {'value': 'Dorothy Arzner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dorothy_Arzner', 'summary': 'Dorothy Emma Arzner ( January 3 , 1897 - October 1 , 1979 ) was an American film director whose career in Hollywood spanned from the silent era of the 1920s into the early 1940s . From 1927 until her retirement from feature directing in 1943 , Arzner was the only female director working in Hollywood . Additionally , she was one of a very few number of women able to establish a successful and long career in Hollywood as a film director until the 1970s . Arzner made a total of twenty films between 1927 and 1943 and launched the careers of a number of Hollywood actresses , including Katharine Hepburn , Rosalind Russell , and Lucille Ball . Additionally , Arzner was the first woman to join the Directors Guild of America and the first woman to direct a sound film .'}]}, {'value': 'March 27 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Honey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wesley Ruggles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wesley_Ruggles', 'summary': 'Wesley Ruggles ( June 11 , 1889 - January 8 , 1972 ) was an American film director .'}]}, {'value': 'May 1 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Texan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Texan_(1930_film)', 'summary': 'The Texan is a 1930 American Western film directed by John Cromwell and starring Gary Cooper and Fay Wray . Based on the short story The Double-Dyed Deceiver by O. Henry , the film is about a daring bandit called the Llano Kid who shoots a young gambler in self-defense and is forced to hide from the law . He is helped by a corrupt lawyer who involves the bandit in a scheme to swindle a Mexican aristocrat whose son turns out to be the young gambler killed by the Llano Kid . The screenplay was written by Daniel Nathan Rubin , and the story was adapted for the screen by Oliver H.P . Garrett and Victor Milner . Produced by Hector Turnbull for Paramount Pictures , The Texan was released in the United States on May 10 , 1930 . The film received positive reviews upon its theatrical release .'}]}, {'value': 'John Cromwell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 18 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'For the Defense', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/For_the_Defense_(1930_film)', 'summary': 'For the Defense is a 1930 pre-Code crime drama film starring William Powell as a lawyer whose ethics are challenged when the woman he loves hits and kills a pedestrian while out driving with another suitor .'}]}, {'value': 'John Cromwell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 23 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manslaughter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manslaughter_(1930_film)', 'summary': "Manslaughter is a 1930 American pre-Code drama film directed by George Abbott , and starring Claudette Colbert and Fredric March . An original print of the film is saved in the UCLA Film and Television Archive . This film is a sound remake of Cecil B. DeMille 's 1922 silent classic Manslaughter . Paramount also released a French-language version of this 1930 film as The Indictment , directed by Dimitri Buchowetzki ."}]}, {'value': 'George Abbott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Abbott', 'summary': 'George Francis Abbott ( June 25 , 1887 - January 31 , 1995 ) was an American theater producer and director , playwright , screenwriter , and film director and producer whose career spanned nine decades .'}]}, {'value': 'November 15 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Laughter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laughter_(film)', 'summary': "Laughter is a 1930 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Harry d'Abbadie d'Arrast and starring Nancy Carroll , Fredric March and Frank Morgan . It was shot at the Astoria Studios in New York . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Story . A copy has been preserved at the Library of Congress . In 1931 , a German-language version called Die Männer um Lucie was released starring Liane Haid and Lien Deyers . This film is considered lost ."}]}, {'value': "Harry d'Abbadie d'Arrast", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harry_d'Abbadie_d'Arrast", 'summary': "Harry d'Abbadie d'Arrast ( May 6 , 1897 - March 17 , 1968 ) was an Argentinean born , French screenwriter and director . He was nominated at the 4th Academy Awards for the now defunct category of Best Story for the film Laughter . His nomination was shared with Donald Ogden Stewart and Douglas Z. Doty . He also was in the French army during World War I. d'Abbadie d'Arrast married retired silent-film actress Eleanor Boardman ( 1898-1991 ) in 1940 , and remained married until his death in 1968 ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Paramount Pictures', 'section_text': "In response to my question as to what will happen to Schulberg , he [ Lasky ] said , in effect , that they would be kicking him upstairs . … One of my rows with Paramount … was my insistence that no one man could possibly personally produce more than a few pictures per year . — David O. Selznick [ 23 ] In early 1928 Selznick accepted the position of assistant to producer B. P. Schulberg at Paramount Studios . The professional relationship between the two , however , eventually deteriorated after Schulberg went to Europe for several months in 1929 . During his absence , studio head Jesse L. Lasky placed Selznick into Schulberg 's position and decided to keep him there . Selznick remained with Paramount until his resignation in June 1931 .", 'uid': 'David_O._Selznick_filmography_2', 'intro': "David O. Selznick (1902-1965) was an American motion picture producer whose work consists of three short subjects, 67 feature films, and one television production made between 1923 and 1957. He was the producer of the 1939 epic Gone With the Wind. Selznick was born in Pittsburgh and educated in public schools in Brooklyn and Manhattan. He began working in the film industry in New York while in his teens as an assistant to his father, jeweler-turned-film producer Lewis J. Selznick. In 1923, he began producing films himself, starting with two documentary shorts and then a minor feature, Roulette (1924). Moving to Hollywood in 1926, Selznick became employed at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), where he produced two films before switching to Paramount in early 1928. After helping to guide Paramount into the sound era, Selznick moved to RKO Radio in 1931 where he served as the studio's executive producer. During his time at RKO he oversaw the production of King Kong (1933) and helped to develop Katharine Hepburn and Myrna Loy into major film stars. In 1933 Selznick returned to MGM, this time as a vice-president in charge of his own production unit. During his two years with the studio he produced elaborate versions of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina and Charles Dickens' David Copperfield and A Tale of Two Cities. In 1935, he left MGM to form his own production company, Selznick International Pictures, where he produced adaptations of Robert Smythe Hichens' The Garden of Allah (1936), Frances Hodgson Burnett's Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936), Anthony Hope's The Prisoner of Zenda (1937), and Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938). Selznick also became a pioneer in the use of Technicolor with the first and last of these films and also with his productions of A Star is Born and Nothing Sacred (both 1937)."} | null | null | Which film had a supporting cast that included Warner Oland and with whom had a director that won the Academy Award for Best Story for his film A Star Is Born ? | Chinatown Nights |
0b7d69208542187c | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sports_films', 'title': 'List of sports films', 'header': ['Title', 'Year', 'Genre', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Swim Girl , Swim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swim_Girl,_Swim', 'summary': 'Swim Girl , Swim is a lost 1927 American silent romantic comedy film produced and distributed by Famous Players-Lasky and Paramount Pictures , now amalgamated as Paramount Famous Lasky . It was directed by Clarence Badger and starred Bebe Daniels . English Channel swimmer Gertrude Ederle has a guest appearance .'}]}, {'value': '1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A timid miss ( Bebe Daniels ) swims English Channel and meets Gertrude Ederle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bebe_Daniels', 'summary': 'Phyllis Virginia Bebe Daniels ( January 14 , 1901 - March 16 , 1971 ) was an American actress , singer , dancer , writer and producer . She began her career in Hollywood during the silent film era as a child actress , became a star in musicals such as Rio Rita , and later gained further fame on radio and television in Britain . In a long career , Daniels appeared in 230 films .'}, {'url': '/wiki/English_Channel', 'summary': 'The English Channel , [ a ] also called simply the Channel , is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France and links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end . It is the busiest shipping area in the world . It is about 560 km ( 350 mi ) long and varies in width from 240 km ( 150 mi ) at its widest to 34 km ( 21 mi ) in the Strait of Dover . It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe , covering an area of some 75,000 km2 ( 29,000 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle', 'summary': 'Gertrude Caroline Ederle ( /ˈɛdərli , ˈeɪd-/ ED-ər-lee , AYD- ; October 23 , 1906 - November 30 , 2003 ) was an American competition swimmer , Olympic champion , and former world record-holder in five events . On August 6 , 1926 , she became the first woman to swim across the English Channel . Among other nicknames , the press sometimes called her Queen of the Waves .'}]}, {'value': 'You Said a Mouthful', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/You_Said_a_Mouthful', 'summary': 'You Said a Mouthful is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Lloyd Bacon and written by Robert Lord and Bolton Mallory . The film stars Joe E. Brown , Ginger Rogers , Preston Foster , Allen Hoskins , Harry Gribbon , Edwin Maxwell and Sheila Terry . The film was released by Warner Bros. on December 8 , 1932 .'}]}, {'value': '1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'An unsinkable swimsuit inventor enters a race to impress a girl ( Ginger Rogers )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ginger_Rogers', 'summary': "Ginger Rogers ( born Virginia Katherine McMath ; July 16 , 1911 - April 25 , 1995 ) was an American actress , dancer , and singer . She won an Academy Award for her starring role in Kitty Foyle ( 1940 ) , but is best remembered for performing during the 1930s in RKO 's musical films ( partnered with Fred Astaire ) . Her career continued on stage , radio , and television throughout much of the 20th century . Born in Independence , Missouri , and raised in Kansas City , Rogers and her family moved to Fort Worth , Texas , when she was nine years old . After winning a 1925 Charleston dance contest that launched a successful vaudeville career , she gained recognition as a Broadway actress for her debut stage role in Girl Crazy . This led to a contract with Paramount Pictures , which ended after five films . Rogers had her first successful film role as a supporting actress in 42nd Street ( 1933 ) . Rogers made nine films in the 1930s with Astaire , which were some of her biggest successes such as Swing Time ( 1936 ) and Top Hat ( 1935 ) . After two commercial failures with Astaire , Rogers began to branch out into dramatic and comedy films . Her acting was well received by critics and audiences as she became one of the biggest box-office draws and highest paid actresses of the 1940s . Her performance in Kitty Foyle ( 1940 ) won her the Academy Award for Best Actress . Rogers popularity had peaked by the end of the decade ."}]}, {'value': 'Bathing Beauty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bathing_Beauty', 'summary': "Bathing Beauty is a 1944 musical film starring Red Skelton , Basil Rathbone , and Esther Williams , and directed by George Sidney . Although this was not Williams ' screen debut , it was her first Technicolor musical . The film was initially to be titled Mr. Co-Ed , with Red Skelton having top billing . However , once MGM executives watched the first cut of the film , they realized that Esther Williams ' role should be showcased more , and changed the title to Bathing Beauty , giving her prominent billing and featuring her bathing-suit clad figure on the posters . The film is also Janis Paige 's film debut . After this film , Paige would go to Warner Brothers to make such films as Of Human Bondage , Hollywood Canteen , and Romance on the High Seas . In later years , Paige would return to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in few films ."}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A college swim coach ( Esther Williams ) finds out her husband-to-be is already married', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esther_Williams', 'summary': "Esther Jane Williams ( August 8 , 1921 - June 6 , 2013 ) was an American competitive swimmer and actress . Williams set multiple national and regional swimming records in her late teens as part of the Los Angeles Athletic Club swim team . Unable to compete in the 1940 Summer Olympics because of the outbreak of World War II , she joined Billy Rose 's Aquacade , where she took on the role vacated by Eleanor Holm after the show 's move from New York City to San Francisco . While in the city , she spent five months swimming alongside Olympic gold medal winner and Tarzan star , Johnny Weissmuller . Williams caught the attention of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer scouts at the Aquacade . After appearing in several small roles , alongside Mickey Rooney in an Andy Hardy film , and future five-time co-star Van Johnson in A Guy Named Joe , Williams made a series of films in the 1940s and early 1950s known as aquamusicals , which featured elaborate performances with synchronised swimming and diving . From 1945 to 1949 , Williams had at least one film listed among the 20 highest-grossing films of the year . In 1952 , Williams appeared in her only biographical role , as Australian swimming star Annette Kellerman in Million Dollar Mermaid , which went on to become her nickname while at MGM . Williams left MGM in 1956 and appeared in a handful of unsuccessful feature films , followed by several extremely popular water-themed network television specials , including one from Cypress Gardens , Florida . Williams was also a successful businesswoman . Even before retiring as an actress , she invested in a service station , a metal products plant , a manufacturer of bathing suits , various properties and a successful restaurant chain known as Trails . She lent her name to a line of swimming pools and retro swimwear , instructional swimming videos for children , and served as a commentator for synchronized swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles ."}]}, {'value': 'This Time for Keeps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/This_Time_for_Keeps', 'summary': "This Time for Keeps is a 1947 American romantic musical film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Esther Williams , Jimmy Durante , Johnnie Johnston and opera singer Lauritz Melchior . Produced by MGM , it is about a soldier , returning home from war , who does not wish to work for his father 's opera company or to continue his relationship with his pre-war lover . The film was shot in color and partly on location at the Grand Hotel , on Mackinac Island in Michigan . This Time for Keeps became the second film in which Williams 's name was first billed above the title , after Fiesta ."}]}, {'value': '1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Romance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aquacade performer falls for a young soldier returning from the war', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Million Dollar Mermaid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Million_Dollar_Mermaid', 'summary': 'Million Dollar Mermaid ( also known as The One Piece Bathing Suit in the UK ) is a 1952 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer biographical musical film of the life of Australian swimming star Annette Kellerman . It was directed by Mervyn LeRoy and produced by Arthur Hornblow Jr. from a screenplay by Everett Freeman . The music score was by Adolph Deutsch , the cinematography by George Folsey and the choreography by Busby Berkeley . George Folsey received a 1953 Oscar nomination for Best Cinematography , Color . The film stars Esther Williams , Victor Mature , and Walter Pidgeon , with David Brian and Donna Corcoran .'}]}, {'value': '1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Musical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on true story of Australia swimmer Annette Kellerman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Annette_Kellerman', 'summary': "Annette Marie Sarah Kellermann ( 6 July 1887 - 6 November 1975 ) was an Australian professional swimmer , vaudeville star , film actress , and writer . Kellermann was one of the first women to wear a one-piece bathing costume , instead of the then-accepted pantaloons , and inspired others to follow her example . Kellerman 's swimming costumes became so popular that she started her own fashion line of one-piece bathing suits . Kellermann helped popularize the sport of synchronised swimming , and authored a swimming manual . She appeared in several movies , usually with aquatic themes , and as the star of A Daughter of the Gods was the first major actress to appear nude in a Hollywood production . Kellermann was an advocate of health , fitness , and natural beauty throughout her life ."}]}, {'value': 'Dangerous When Wet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dangerous_When_Wet', 'summary': 'Dangerous When Wet ( 1953 ) is a Technicolor Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musical film starring Esther Williams , Fernando Lamas , and Jack Carson , directed by Charles Walters , and featuring an animated swimming sequence starring Williams with the cat-and-mouse duo , Tom and Jerry .'}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Family', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A dairy farmer 's daughter ( Esther Williams ) tries to swim English Channel", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esther_Williams', 'summary': "Esther Jane Williams ( August 8 , 1921 - June 6 , 2013 ) was an American competitive swimmer and actress . Williams set multiple national and regional swimming records in her late teens as part of the Los Angeles Athletic Club swim team . Unable to compete in the 1940 Summer Olympics because of the outbreak of World War II , she joined Billy Rose 's Aquacade , where she took on the role vacated by Eleanor Holm after the show 's move from New York City to San Francisco . While in the city , she spent five months swimming alongside Olympic gold medal winner and Tarzan star , Johnny Weissmuller . Williams caught the attention of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer scouts at the Aquacade . After appearing in several small roles , alongside Mickey Rooney in an Andy Hardy film , and future five-time co-star Van Johnson in A Guy Named Joe , Williams made a series of films in the 1940s and early 1950s known as aquamusicals , which featured elaborate performances with synchronised swimming and diving . From 1945 to 1949 , Williams had at least one film listed among the 20 highest-grossing films of the year . In 1952 , Williams appeared in her only biographical role , as Australian swimming star Annette Kellerman in Million Dollar Mermaid , which went on to become her nickname while at MGM . Williams left MGM in 1956 and appeared in a handful of unsuccessful feature films , followed by several extremely popular water-themed network television specials , including one from Cypress Gardens , Florida . Williams was also a successful businesswoman . Even before retiring as an actress , she invested in a service station , a metal products plant , a manufacturer of bathing suits , various properties and a successful restaurant chain known as Trails . She lent her name to a line of swimming pools and retro swimwear , instructional swimming videos for children , and served as a commentator for synchronized swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/English_Channel', 'summary': 'The English Channel , [ a ] also called simply the Channel , is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France and links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end . It is the busiest shipping area in the world . It is about 560 km ( 350 mi ) long and varies in width from 240 km ( 150 mi ) at its widest to 34 km ( 21 mi ) in the Strait of Dover . It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe , covering an area of some 75,000 km2 ( 29,000 sq mi ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Star Spangled Girl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Spangled_Girl', 'summary': 'Star Spangled Girl is a 1971 American romantic comedy film directed by Jerry Paris and based on the Neil Simon play The Star-Spangled Girl . It stars Tony Roberts , Todd Susman , and Sandy Duncan .'}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Romance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swimmer training for Olympics ( Sandy Duncan ) reluctantly falls in love', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandy_Duncan', 'summary': 'Sandra Kay Duncan ( born February 20 , 1946 ) is an American singer , dancer , comedian and actress of stage and television . She is known for her performances in the Broadway revival of Peter Pan and in the sitcom The Hogan Family . Duncan has been nominated for three Tony Awards , two Emmy Awards , and two Golden Globe Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Vsyo reshayet mgnoveniye', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dawn !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dawn!', 'summary': 'Dawn ! is a 1979 Australian sports biopic about the three-time Olympic gold medallist swimmer Dawn Fraser , who served as technical adviser for the production , it starring Bronwyn Mackay Payne and Bunney Brooke , written by Joy Cavill and directed by Ken Hannam . The film was entered into the 11th Moscow International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biographical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biopic of Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser , a 3-time Olympic gold medalist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dawn_Fraser', 'summary': "Dawn Fraser , AC , MBE ( born 4 September 1937 ) is an Australian freestyle champion swimmer and former politician . She is one of only three swimmers to have won the same Olympic individual event three times - in her case the women 's 100-metre freestyle . Within Australia , she is often known for her controversial behaviour and larrikin character as much as for her athletic ability ."}]}, {'value': 'Popcorn und Paprika', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Koni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kony_(film)', 'summary': "Koni ( Bengali : কোনি ; sometimes spells as Koney or Kony ) is a national award-winning Bengali movie released in 1984 directed by Saroj Dey , starring Soumitra Chatterjee and Sriparna Banerjee . This film is an adaptation of a Bengali novel by the same name written by Moti Nandi . The film is about a girl living in Calcutta slums , who with help of her coach triumph over poverty and hardships . Film 's lead Sriparna Banerjee was also a professional swimmer herself in the 1970s and at the time of casting a student of Jadavpur University . In a 2012 interview , veteran actor , Soumitra Chatterjee , called Koni one of the best films of his career . He even recalled using film 's catch-phrase Fight-Koni-fight in hard times , as a chant to himself to lift his aging spirits . The phrase had become popular with middle-class Bengalis at the time ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Bengali film based on Moti Nandi 's novel", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moti_Nandi', 'summary': 'Moti Nandi ( Bengali : মতি নন্দী ; 10 July 1931 - 3 January 2010 ) was a Bengali writer based in Kolkata , India . He was born in Kolkata in 1931 . He was an alumnus of the University of Calcutta . He died in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Back to School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Back_to_School', 'summary': "Back to School is a 1986 American comedy film starring Rodney Dangerfield , Keith Gordon , Sally Kellerman , Burt Young , Terry Farrell , William Zabka , Ned Beatty , Sam Kinison , Paxton Whitehead and Robert Downey Jr . It was directed by Alan Metter . The plot centers on a wealthy but uneducated father ( Dangerfield ) who goes to college to show solidarity with his discouraged son Jason ( Gordon ) and learns that he can not buy an education or happiness . Author Kurt Vonnegut has a cameo as himself , as does the band Oingo Boingo , whose frontman Danny Elfman composed the score for the film . The University of Wisconsin-Madison was used as a backdrop for the movie , although it was called Grand Lakes University . The diving scenes were filmed at the since-demolished Industry Hills Aquatic Club in the City of Industry , California . Before the end credits , the message For ESTELLE Thanks For So Much is shown . This is a dedication to Estelle Endler , one of the executive producers of the film , who died during filming . She was Dangerfield 's long-time manager , who helped him get into films such as Caddyshack . The diving competition scene from this film was parodied in the music video for Canadian rock band Sum 41 's 2001 single In Too Deep ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A diver 's rich dad ( Rodney Dangerfield ) returns to college and ends up competing himself", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodney_Dangerfield', 'summary': "Jack Roy ( born Jacob Rodney Cohen ; November 22 , 1921 - October 5 , 2004 ) , popularly known by the stage name Rodney Dangerfield , was an American stand-up comedian , actor , producer , screenwriter , musician and author . He was known for his self-deprecating one-liner humor , his catchphrase I do n't get no respect ! and his monologues on that theme . He began his career working as a stand-up comic in the Borscht Belt resorts of the Catskill Mountains northwest of New York City . His act grew in notoriety as he became a mainstay on late-night talk shows throughout the 1960s and 1970s , eventually developing into a headlining act on the Las Vegas casino circuit . He appeared in a few bit parts in films such as The Projectionist throughout the 1970s , but his breakout film role came in 1980 as a boorish nouveau riche golfer in the ensemble comedy Caddyshack , which was followed by two more successful films in which he starred : 1983 's Easy Money and 1986 's Back to School . Additional film work kept him busy through the rest of his life , mostly in comedies , but with a rare dramatic role in 1994 's Natural Born Killers as an abusive father . Health troubles curtailed his output through the early 2000s before his death in 2004 , following a month in a coma due to complications from heart valve surgery ."}]}, {'value': 'Campus Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campus_Man', 'summary': "Campus Man is a 1987 American comedy film directed by Ron Casden and written by Geoffrey Baere and Matt Dorff . The film stars John Dye , Steven Lyon , Kim Delaney , Kathleen Wilhoite , Miles O'Keeffe and Morgan Fairchild . The film was released on April 10 , 1987 , by Paramount Pictures ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A college business major convinces a diver to pose for a beefcake calendar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diving In', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_In', 'summary': 'Diving In is a 1990 American film directed by Strathford Hamilton and starring Matt Adler .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Olympic coach ( Kristy Swanson ) trains teen diver who 's afraid of heights", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristy_Swanson', 'summary': "Kristen Noel Swanson ( born December 19 , 1969 ) [ citation needed ] is an American actress . She is best known for her portrayal of Buffy Summers in the 1992 cult film Buffy the Vampire Slayer and the 1996 cult film The Phantom . Her first starring role was in Wes Craven 's horror film Deadly Friend ( 1986 ) , followed by her portrayal of Catherine Cathy Dollanganger in the film adaptation of V. C. Andrews 's Flowers in the Attic ( 1987 ) . Swanson also starred in several films , including Hot Shots ! ( 1991 ) , The Program ( 1993 ) , The Chase ( 1994 ) , 8 Heads in a Duffel Bag ( 1997 ) , Big Daddy ( 1999 ) , and Dude , Where 's My Car ? ( 2000 ) , and appeared in Pretty in Pink ( 1986 ) and Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Sarahsarà', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Breaking the Surface : The Greg Louganis Story', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Breaking_the_Surface:_The_Greg_Louganis_Story', 'summary': "Breaking the Surface : The Greg Louganis Story is a 1997 television film about diver Greg Louganis based on the best-selling book Breaking the Surface co-written by Greg Louganis and Eric Marcus that stayed on top of the New York Times Best Seller list for 5 weeks . This was Steven Hilliard Stern 's final directed film before dying in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biographical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Story of Olympic gold-medal diver Greg Louganis , played by Mario Lopez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Louganis', 'summary': 'Gregory Efthimios Louganis ( /luːˈɡeɪnɪs/ ; born January 29 , 1960 ) is an American Olympic diver , LGBT activist , and author who won gold medals at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics , on both the springboard and platform . He is the only man and the second diver in Olympic history to sweep the diving events in consecutive Olympic Games . He has been called both the greatest American diver and probably the greatest diver in history .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario_Lopez', 'summary': "Mario Lopez Jr. ( born October 10 , 1973 ) is an American actor and entertainment journalist . He has appeared on several television series , in films , and on Broadway . He is known for his portrayal of A.C. Slater on Saved by the Bell and Saved by the Bell : The College Years . He has appeared in numerous projects since , including the third season of Dancing with the Stars and as host for the syndicated entertainment news magazine show Extra . He has also hosted America 's Best Dance Crew for MTV . In 2012 , he co-hosted the second season of American version of The X Factor with Khloé Kardashian , and was the sole host for the third and final season ."}]}, {'value': 'The Princess & the Barrio Boy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waterboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waterboys_(film)', 'summary': "Waterboys ( ウォーターボーイズ , Wōtā Bōizu ) is a 2001 Japanese comedy film written and directed by Shinobu Yaguchi , about five boys who start a synchronized swimming team at their high school . The film stars Satoshi Tsumabuki ( Suzuki , the leader of the team ) , Hiroshi Tamaki ( Sato ) , Akifumi Miura ( Ohta ) , Koen Kondo ( Kanazawa ) , Takatoshi Kaneko ( Saotome ) and Naoto Takenaka ( the dolphin trainer ) . The film was a success in Japan , and was nominated for eight prizes at the Japan Academy Prize , winning awards for 'Best Newcomer ' and 'Best Music Score ' . A spin-off television series entered its third season in 2005 ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Japanese film about synchronised swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Synchronised_swimming', 'summary': "Synchronised swimming , referred to by international governing body FINA as artistic swimming since 2017 , is a hybrid form of swimming , dance , and gymnastics , consisting of swimmers performing a synchronised routine ( either solo , duet , trio , mixed duet , free team , free combination , and highlight ) of elaborate moves in the water , accompanied by music . Artistic swimming is governed internationally by FINA , and has been part of the Summer Olympics programme since 1984 . Synchronised swimming demands advanced water skills , requires great strength , endurance , flexibility , grace , artistry and precise timing , as well as exceptional breath control when upside down underwater . Competitors show off their strength , flexibility , and aerobic endurance required to perform difficult routines . Swimmers perform two routines for judges , one technical and one free , as well as age group routines and figures . Synchronized swimming is both an individual and team sport . Swimmers compete individually during figures , and then as a team during the routine . Figures are made up of a combination of skills and positions that often require control , strength , and flexibility . Swimmers are ranked individually for this part of the competition . The routine involves teamwork and synchronisation . It is choreographed to music and often has a theme . Since the 20th century , synchronised swimming has predominantly been considered a women 's sport , with the Summer Olympics only featuring women 's duet and team events ."}]}, {'value': 'Heart : The Marilyn Bell Story', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biographical', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Story of 16-year-old Marilyn Bell 's world-record swim across Lake Ontario ( 50.5 km ) from New York , USA to Ontario , Canada", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swimfan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimfan', 'summary': 'Swimfan , also known as Fanatica , is a 2002 American teen psychological thriller film directed by John Polson and written by Charles Bohl and Phillip Schneider . The film stars Jesse Bradford , Erika Christensen , and Shiri Appleby .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thriller', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A swimmer 's lover ( Erika Christensen ) feels rejected , begins to stalk him", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erika_Christensen', 'summary': "Erika Jane Christensen ( born August 19 , 1982 ) is an American actress and former singer whose filmography includes roles in Traffic ( 2000 ) , Swimfan ( 2002 ) , The Banger Sisters ( 2002 ) , The Perfect Score ( 2004 ) , Flightplan ( 2005 ) , How to Rob a Bank ( 2007 ) , The Tortured ( 2010 ) , and The Case for Christ ( 2017 ) . For her performance in Traffic , she won the MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture along with her co-stars . In 2006 , she starred on the short-lived drama series Six Degrees on ABC . From 2010 until its ending in 2015 , Christensen starred as Julia Braverman-Graham on the NBC family drama series Parenthood . In 2014 , she won a Gracie Award for her performance in the role . Christensen portrayed Betty Beaumontaine on ABC 's short-lived crime drama series Wicked City ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Swimming & diving', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_sports_films_56', 'intro': 'This compilation of films covers all sports activities. Sports films have been made since the era of silent films, such as the 1915 film The Champion starring Charlie Chaplin. Films in this genre can range from serious (Raging Bull) to silly (Horse Feathers). A classic theme for sports films is the triumph of an individual or team who prevail despite the difficulties, standard elements of melodrama.'} | null | null | What is the genre of the film that is directed by Lloyd Bacon and written by Robert Lord and Bolton Mallory ? | Comedy |
0b7e8a20372b7ca9 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_17)', 'title': 'Live with Regis and Kelly (season 17)', 'header': ['Date', 'Co-Hosts', 'Guests/Segments'], 'data': [{'value': 'September 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Reese Witherspoon , Andy Richter , Jill Scott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon', 'summary': "Laura Jeanne Reese Witherspoon ( born March 22 , 1976 ) is an American actress , producer , and entrepreneur . The recipient of several accolades , including an Academy Award and a Primetime Emmy Award , she is among the highest-paid actresses in the world , as of 2019 . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2006 and 2015 , and Forbes listed her among the World 's 100 Most Powerful Women in 2019 . Born in New Orleans , Louisiana , and raised in Nashville , Tennessee , Witherspoon began her career as a teenager , making her screen debut in The Man in the Moon ( 1991 ) . Following a leading role opposite Mark Wahlberg in Fear ( 1996 ) , her breakthrough came in 1999 with a supporting role in Cruel Intentions and for her portrayal of Tracy Flick in the black comedy Election . She achieved wider recognition with her role as Elle Woods in the comedy Legally Blonde ( 2001 ) and its 2003 sequel , and for her starring role in the romantic comedy Sweet Home Alabama ( 2002 ) . In 2005 , her portrayal of June Carter Cash in the biographical musical film Walk the Line garnered critical acclaim and won her the Academy Award for Best Actress . Following a career downturn , during which her sole commercial success was the romantic drama Water for Elephants ( 2011 ) , Witherspoon made her career comeback when she produced the thriller Gone Girl and the drama Wild ( both 2014 ) , under her production company Hello Sunshine . She also starred as Cheryl Strayed in the latter , for which she received a second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . Witherspoon ventured into television by producing and starring in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies ( 2017-2019 ) and the Apple TV+ drama series The Morning Show ( 2019 ) . For the former , she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series . Witherspoon also owns a clothing company Draper James , and she is actively involved in children 's and women 's advocacy organizations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Andy_Richter', 'summary': "Paul Andrew Richter ( born October 28 , 1966 ) is an American actor , voice actor , writer , comedian , and late night talk show announcer . He is best known for his role as the sidekick of Conan O'Brien on each of the host 's programs : Late Night , The Tonight Show on NBC , and Conan on TBS . He is also known for his work as the voice of Mort in the Madagascar franchise ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jill_Scott', 'summary': "Jill Scott ( born April 4 , 1972 ) is an American singer-songwriter , model , poet and actress . Her 2000 debut , Who Is Jill Scott ? Words and Sounds Vol . 1 , went platinum , and the follow-ups Beautifully Human : Words and Sounds Vol . 2 ( 2004 ) and The Real Thing : Words and Sounds Vol . 3 ( 2007 ) both achieved gold status . She made her cinematic debut in the films Hounddog and Tyler Perry 's Why Did I Get Married ? in 2007 . After a four-year hiatus from music , Scott released her fourth album , The Light of the Sun , in 2011 . In 2014 , she starred in the film Get On Up as the second wife of James Brown . She also appeared as the lead role in the BBC/HBO series The No . 1 Ladies ' Detective Agency based on the novels of the same name by Alexander McCall Smith ."}]}, {'value': 'September 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Bette Midler , John Edward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bette_Midler', 'summary': "Bette Midler ( /bɛt/ ; born December 1 , 1945 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , comedian , and film producer . Born in Honolulu , Hawaii , Midler began her professional career in several Off-Off-Broadway plays , prior to her engagements in Fiddler on the Roof and Salvation on Broadway in the late 1960s . She came to prominence in 1970 when she began singing in the Continental Baths , a local gay bathhouse where she managed to build up a core following . Since 1970 , Midler has released 14 studio albums as a solo artist . Throughout her career , many of her songs became hits on the record charts , including her renditions of The Rose , Wind Beneath My Wings , Do You Want to Dance , Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy , and From a Distance . Midler made her motion picture debut in 1979 with The Rose , which earned her a Golden Globe for Best Actress , as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . She has since starred in a number of hit films , which include : Down and Out in Beverly Hills ( 1986 ) , Ruthless People ( 1986 ) , Outrageous Fortune ( 1987 ) , Big Business ( 1988 ) , Beaches ( 1988 ) , Hocus Pocus ( 1993 ) , The First Wives Club ( 1996 ) , The Stepford Wives ( 2004 ) , and Parental Guidance ( 2012 ) . She also starred in For the Boys ( 1991 ) and Gypsy ( 1993 ) , winning two additional Golden Globes for these films and receiving a second Academy Award nomination for the former . In 2008 , she signed a contract with Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to perform a show titled Bette Midler : The Showgirl Must Go On , which ended in 2010 . In a career spanning almost half a century , Midler has won three Grammy Awards , four Golden Globes , three Emmy Awards , and a Tony Award . She has sold over 30 million records worldwide , and has received four Gold , three Platinum , and three Multiplatinum albums by RIAA . Midler 's latest work included appearing on Broadway in a revival of Hello , Dolly ! , which began preview performances on March 15 , 2017 and premiered at the Shubert Theatre on April 20 , 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Edward', 'summary': 'John Edward McGee Jr. ( born October 19 , 1969 ) , known professionally as John Edward , is an American television personality , author and purported psychic medium . Born in Glen Cove , New York , Edward says he was convinced at a young age that he could become a psychic . After writing his first book on the subject in 1998 , Edward became a well-known and controversial figure in the United States through his shows broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel beginning in July 2000 and We TV since May 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Rock , Duane Chapman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Rock', 'summary': "Christopher Julius Rock ( born February 7 , 1965 ) is an American comedian , actor , writer , producer , and director . After working as a stand-up comedian and appearing in supporting film roles , Rock came to wider prominence as a cast member of Saturday Night Live in the early 1990s . He went on to more prominent film appearances , with starring roles in Down to Earth ( 2001 ) , Head of State ( 2003 ) , The Longest Yard ( 2005 ) , the Madagascar film series ( 2005-2012 ) , Grown Ups ( 2010 ) , its sequel Grown Ups 2 ( 2013 ) , Top Five ( 2014 ) , and a series of acclaimed stand-up specials for HBO . He developed , wrote , and narrated the sitcom Everybody Hates Chris ( 2005-2009 ) , which was based on his early life . Rock hosted the 77th Academy Awards in 2005 and the 88th in 2016 . He has won four Emmy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He was voted the fifth-greatest stand-up comedian in a poll conducted by Comedy Central . He was also voted in the United Kingdom as the ninth-greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4 's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups in 2007 , and again in the updated 2010 list as the eighth-greatest stand-up comic ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Duane_Chapman', 'summary': "Duane Lee Dog Chapman Sr. ( born February 2 , 1953 ) is an American reality TV star , bounty hunter and former bail bondsman . Chapman achieved international notoriety as a bounty hunter for his successful capture of Max Factor heir Andrew Luster in Mexico in 2003 and , the following year , was given his own series , Dog the Bounty Hunter ( 2004-2012 ) , on A & E . After Dog the Bounty Hunter ended , Chapman appeared in Dog and Beth : On the Hunt ( 2013-2015 ) , a similarly formatted TV show , alongside his wife and business partner , the late Beth Chapman , on CMT . His series Dog 's Most Wanted , debuted on WGN America in late 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Donald Trump , Martin Short , Mase', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donald_Trump', 'summary': "Donald John Trump ( born June 14 , 1946 ) is the 45th and current president of the United States . Before entering politics , he was a businessman and television personality . Trump was born and raised in Queens , a borough of New York City , and received a bachelor 's degree in economics from the Wharton School . He took charge of his family 's real-estate business in 1971 , renamed it The Trump Organization , and expanded its operations from Queens and Brooklyn into Manhattan . The company built or renovated skyscrapers , hotels , casinos , and golf courses . Trump later started various side ventures , mostly by licensing his name . He owned the Miss Universe and Miss USA beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015 and produced and hosted The Apprentice , a reality television show , from 2003 to 2015 . As of 2019 [ update ] , Forbes estimated his net worth to be $ 3.1 billion . [ a ] Trump entered the 2016 presidential race as a Republican and defeated 16 other candidates in the primaries . His political positions have been described as populist , protectionist , and nationalist . Despite not being favored in most forecasts , he was elected over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton , although he lost the popular vote . He became the oldest first-term U.S. president , [ b ] and the first without prior military or government service ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Martin_Short', 'summary': 'Martin Hayter Short OC ( born March 26 , 1950 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian , singer and writer . He is known for his work on the television programs SCTV and Saturday Night Live . He has starred in comedy films such as Three Amigos ( 1986 ) , Innerspace ( 1987 ) , Three Fugitives ( 1989 ) , Father of the Bride ( 1991 ) , Pure Luck ( 1991 ) , Captain Ron ( 1992 ) , Father of the Bride Part II ( 1995 ) , Mars Attacks ! ( 1996 ) , Jungle 2 Jungle ( 1997 ) , and The Santa Clause 3 : The Escape Clause ( 2006 ) . He created the characters Jiminy Glick and Ed Grimley . In 1999 , he won a Tony Award for his lead performance in a Broadway revival of Little Me .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mase', 'summary': 'Mason Durell Betha ( born August 27 , 1975 ) , better known by his mononym Mase ( formerly Murda Mase and stylized as Ma $ e ) , is an American rapper , songwriter and minister . In the late 1990s he recorded at Bad Boy Records alongside Sean Diddy Combs . From 1996 to 1999 , as a lead or featured artist , Mase had six Billboard Hot 100 Top 10 singles and five US Rap No . 1 singles . His 1997 album Harlem World was Grammy nominated and certified quadruple Platinum by RIAA . His two other albums , Double Up and Welcome Back , are both certified Double platinum and Gold by RIAA .'}]}, {'value': 'September 10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Ray Romano , Rupert Boneham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ray_Romano', 'summary': 'Raymond Albert Romano ( born December 21 , 1957 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor and screenwriter . He is best known for his role on the sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond , for which he received an Emmy Award , and as the voice of Manny in the Ice Age film series . He created and starred in the TNT comedy-drama Men of a Certain Age ( 2009-2011 ) . From 2012 to 2015 , Romano had a recurring role as Hank Rizzoli , a love interest of Sarah Braverman in Parenthood . More recently , he co-starred in the romantic comedy The Big Sick ( 2017 ) and portrayed mob lawyer Bill Bufalino in the epic crime film The Irishman ( 2019 ) . Since 2017 , Romano has portrayed Rick Moreweather in the comedy-drama series Get Shorty .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rupert_Boneham', 'summary': "Rupert Boneham ( born January 27 , 1964 ) is an American mentor for troubled teens , who became known to reality television audiences in 2003 as a contestant on Survivor : Pearl Islands where he placed eighth . He later appeared on the All Stars , Heroes vs. Villains , and Blood vs. Water seasons of Survivor , placing fourth , sixth , and 20th , respectively . He was ultimately a fan favorite among Survivor viewers , who voted him a million-dollar winner on Survivor : America 's Tribal Council , a special episode of Survivor : All-Stars . The prize was awarded after a nationwide popular vote in which Boneham received 85% of the votes cast . Boneham and his wife Laura later competed on the 31st season of The Amazing Race and were the second team eliminated . Boneham was the 2012 Libertarian nominee for governor of Indiana , losing to Republican nominee , and future Vice President , Mike Pence ."}]}, {'value': 'September 13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Heather Locklear , Tony Danza , Denise Richards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heather_Locklear', 'summary': "Heather Deen Locklear ( born September 25 , 1961 ) is an American actress . She is perhaps best known for her role as Amanda Woodward on Melrose Place ( 1993-99 ) , for which she received four consecutive Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress - Television Series Drama . She is also known for her role as Sammy Jo Carrington on Dynasty from 1981 to 1989 , her first major television role , which began a longtime collaboration with producer Aaron Spelling . Other notable television roles include Officer Stacy Sheridan on T. J. Hooker ( 1982-86 ) , and Caitlin Moore on Spin City ( 1999-2002 ) , for which she earned two more Golden Globe nominations , this time for Best Actress - Television Series Musical or Comedy . She had a recurring role on the TV Land sitcom Hot in Cleveland and a main role on the TNT drama-comedy television series Franklin & Bash in 2013 . Locklear 's film roles include the science-fiction thriller Firestarter ( 1984 ) , the action comedy Money Talks ( 1997 ) , the live-action/animated comedy Looney Tunes : Back in Action ( 2003 ) , and the romantic comedy The Perfect Man ( 2005 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Danza', 'summary': "Tony Danza ( born Antonio Salvatore Iadanza ; April 21 , 1951 ) is an American actor , television personality , tap dancer , boxer and teacher who starred on the TV series Taxi and Who 's the Boss ? , for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award and four Golden Globe Awards . In 1998 , Danza won the People 's Choice Award for Favorite Male Performer in a New Television Series for his work on the 1997 sitcom The Tony Danza Show ( not to be confused with his 2004-2006 daytime variety talk show of the same name ) . He has also appeared in films such as Don Jon , Angels in the Outfield , The Hollywood Knights , Going Ape ! and Crash ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Denise_Richards', 'summary': "Denise Lee Richards ( born February 17 , 1971 ) is an American actress , former fashion model , and television personality . Her most recognized roles are Carmen Ibanez in Starship Troopers ( 1997 ) , Kelly Van Ryan in Wild Things ( 1998 ) and Bond girl Christmas Jones in The World Is Not Enough ( 1999 ) . She has also appeared in films Drop Dead Gorgeous ( 1999 ) , Valentine ( 2001 ) , Undercover Brother ( 2002 ) , Scary Movie 3 ( 2003 ) and Madea 's Witness Protection ( 2012 ) . Her television roles include Paramount Network 's sitcom Blue Mountain State ( 2010-11 ) , ABC Family 's mystery-thriller series Twisted ( 2013-14 ) and CBS ' soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful ( 2019-present ) . Richards starred on the E ! reality show Denise Richards : It 's Complicated ( 2008-09 ) . She currently stars on the Bravo reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills ( 2019-present ) . In 2011 , Richards published a memoir The Real Girl Next Door , which became a New York Times Best Seller ."}]}, {'value': 'September 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Bernie Mac , Misty May , Kerri Walsh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernie_Mac', 'summary': "Bernard Jeffrey McCullough ( October 5 , 1957 - August 9 , 2008 ) , better known by his stage name Bernie Mac , was an American comedian , actor , and voice actor . Born and raised on Chicago 's South Side , Mac gained popularity as a stand-up comedian . He joined fellow comedians Steve Harvey , Cedric the Entertainer , and D. L. Hughley in the film The Original Kings of Comedy . After briefly hosting the HBO show Midnight Mac , Mac appeared in several films in smaller roles . His most noted film role was as Frank Catton in the remake Ocean 's Eleven and the title character of Mr. 3000 . He was the big star of his eponymous show , which ran from 2001 through 2006 , earning him two Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series . Mac 's other films included starring roles in Booty Call , Friday , B*A*P*S , The Players Club , Head of State , Charlie 's Angels : Full Throttle , Bad Santa , Guess Who , Pride , Soul Men , Transformers , Old Dogs , and Madagascar : Escape 2 Africa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Misty_May', 'summary': 'Misty Elizabeth May-Treanor ( born July 30 , 1977 ) is a retired American professional beach volleyball player . She is a three-time Olympic gold medalist , and as of August 2012 [ update ] , the most successful female beach volleyball player with 112 individual championship wins in domestic and international competition . Misty May-Treanor and teammate Kerri Walsh Jennings were gold medalists in beach volleyball at the 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics . They also won the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships in 2003 , 2005 and 2007 . They have been called the greatest beach volleyball team of all time . May-Treanor retired from competitive play on August 8 , 2012 after she and Walsh Jennings finished first in the 2012 Summer Olympics . She was inducted into the Volleyball Hall of Fame in 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kerri_Walsh', 'summary': 'Kerri Lee Walsh Jennings ( born August 15 , 1978 ) is an American professional beach volleyball player , three-time Olympic gold medalist , and a one-time Olympic bronze medalist . She is the beach volleyball career leader in both career victories and career winnings as of 2016 , with 133 victories and $ 2,542,635 in winnings . Walsh Jennings and teammate Misty May-Treanor were the gold medalists in beach volleyball at the 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics . They also won the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships in 2003 , 2005 and 2007 . They have been called the greatest beach volleyball team of all time .'}]}, {'value': 'September 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Debra Messing , Wayne Brady', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Debra_Messing', 'summary': "Debra Lynn Messing ( born August 15 , 1968 ) is an American actress . After graduating from New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts , Messing received short-lived roles on television series such as Ned and Stacey on Fox ( 1995-1997 ) and Prey on ABC ( 1998 ) . She achieved her breakthrough role as Grace Adler , an interior designer , on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace ( 1998-2006 , 2017-2020 ) , for which she was critically acclaimed , receiving six Golden Globe Award nominations and five Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series , winning once in 2003 . From 2007 to 2008 , Messing starred as Molly Kagan , the ex-wife of a Hollywood film mogul , on the television miniseries The Starter Wife , for which she received two Golden Globe nominations , a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her performance . Thereafter , she appeared as Broadway playwright Julia Houston on the NBC musical drama Smash ( 2012-2013 ) and as homicide detective Laura Diamond on the NBC police-procedural comedy The Mysteries of Laura ( 2014-2016 ) . Since 2017 , Messing has been reprising her role as Grace Adler on NBC 's revival of Will & Grace , garnering a ninth Golden Globe nomination for her performance . Messing 's film work includes A Walk in the Clouds ( 1995 ) , Jesus ( 1999 ) , The Mothman Prophecies ( 2002 ) , Hollywood Ending ( 2002 ) , Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) , The Wedding Date ( 2005 ) , Lucky You ( 2007 ) , The Women ( 2008 ) , Nothing like the Holidays ( 2008 ) , and Searching ( 2018 ) . She has also lent her voice to animated films such as Garfield ( 2004 ) and Open Season ( 2006 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Brady', 'summary': "Wayne Alphonso Brady ( born June 2 , 1972 ) is an American actor , singer , comedian , producer , game show host , television personality and presenter , who is a regular on the American version of the improvisational comedy television series Whose Line Is It Anyway ? He was the host of the daytime talk show The Wayne Brady Show , the original host of Fox 's Do n't Forget the Lyrics ! , and has hosted Let 's Make a Deal since its 2009 revival . Brady also performed in the Tony Award-winning musical Kinky Boots on Broadway as Simon - who is also drag queen Lola - from November 2015 to March 2016 , and as James Stinson on the American TV series How I Met Your Mother ."}]}, {'value': 'September 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Alec Baldwin , Jeff Probst', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alec_Baldwin', 'summary': 'Alexander Rae Baldwin III ( born April 3 , 1958 ) is an American actor , writer , producer , comedian , and political activist . A member of the Baldwin family , he is the eldest of the four Baldwin brothers , all actors . Baldwin first gained recognition appearing on seasons 6 and 7 of the CBS television drama Knots Landing , in the role of Joshua Rush . He has played both leading and supporting roles in films such as the horror comedy fantasy film Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , as Jack Ryan in the action thriller The Hunt for Red October ( 1990 ) , the romantic comedy The Marrying Man ( 1991 ) , the drama Glengarry Glen Ross ( 1992 ) , the superhero film The Shadow ( 1994 ) , and two films directed by Martin Scorsese : the Howard Hughes biopic The Aviator ( 2004 ) and the neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) . His performance in the 2003 romantic drama The Cooler garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has done voice work for The SpongeBob Squarepants Movie ( 2004 ) , Madagascar : Escape 2 Africa ( 2008 ) , Rise of the Guardians ( 2012 ) , and The Boss Baby ( 2017 ) . On television , he narrated the American version of the fifth and sixth series of Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends and played Mr . Conductor in Thomas and the Magic Railroad . From 2006 to 2013 , Baldwin starred as Jack Donaghy on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock , winning two Emmy Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards for his work on the show , making him the male performer with the most SAG Awards . Baldwin co-starred in Mission : Impossible - Rogue Nation and Mission : Impossible - Fallout , the fifth and sixth installments of the Mission : Impossible series , released in 2015 and 2018 , respectively . He is also a columnist for The Huffington Post . Since 2016 , he has been the host of Match Game .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Probst', 'summary': 'Jeff Probst ( born November 4 , 1961 ) is an American game show host and an executive producer . He is best known as the Emmy Award-winning host of the U.S. version of the reality television show Survivor . He was also the host of The Jeff Probst Show , a syndicated daytime talk show produced by CBS Television Distribution from September 2012 to May 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Dennis Franz , Nick Lachey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dennis_Franz', 'summary': 'Dennis Franz Schlachta ( /frɑːnz/ ; born October 28 , 1944 ) , known professionally as Dennis Franz , is a retired American actor best known for his role as Detective Andy Sipowicz in the ABC television series NYPD Blue ( 1993-2005 ) , a role that earned him a Golden Globe Award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards and four Primetime Emmy Awards . He also portrayed Lt. Norman Buntz in the similar NBC series Hill Street Blues ( 1985-1987 ) and its short-lived spinoff , Beverly Hills Buntz ( 1987-1988 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nick_Lachey', 'summary': "Nicholas Scott Lachey ( /ləˈʃeɪ/ lə-SHAY ; born November 9 , 1973 ) is an American actor , singer , and television personality . He rose to fame as the lead singer of the multi-platinum-selling boyband 98 Degrees , and later starred in the reality series Newlyweds : Nick and Jessica with his then-wife , Jessica Simpson . He has released four solo albums : SoulO , What 's Left of Me , A Father 's Lullaby , and Soundtrack of My Life . He also had a recurring role on the television series Charmed ."}]}, {'value': 'September 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Melina Kanakaredes , Lil Romeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melina_Kanakaredes', 'summary': 'Melina Eleni Kanakaredes Constantinides ( Greek : Μελίνα Ελένη Κανακαρίδη Κωνσταντινίδη ; born April 23 , 1967 ) is an American actress . She is widely known for her roles in U.S. primetime television dramas as Dr. Sydney Hansen in Providence ( 1999-2002 ) and as Detective Stella Bonasera in CSI : NY ( 2004-2010 ) , and on the American daytime television drama series Guiding Light as Eleni Andros Cooper ( 1991-1995 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lil_Romeo', 'summary': "Percy Romeo Miller ( born August 19 , 1989 ) , formerly known as Lil ' Romeo , is an American rapper , actor , entrepreneur , and model . Miller gained fame as a rapper in the early 2000s after signing with No Limit Records , then owned by his father , Master P. He soon released his debut single My Baby in 2001 , which went on to be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Later the same year , Miller released his debut album Lil ' Romeo , which charted the US Billboard 200 at number six and went on to be certified gold , selling over 500,000 copies with in a month . In 2002 , Miller released his second album titled Game Time ; it charted the US Billboard 200 at number thirty-three . In 2004 , Miller released his third album Romeoland ; it charted on the US Billboard 200 at number seventy . In 2006 , Miller released his digital album titled Lottery it was his first album released with his name changed to Romeo . In 2006 , Miller released the soundtrack to his film God 's Gift ; it was Miller 's first album to be explicit . In 2007 , Miller was offered and accepted a scholarship to play basketball for the USC Trojans at the University of Southern California . Miller would play for the team until he was let go before his junior season in 2010 . Aside from music , Miller has also worked as an actor , beginning in 2002 , when Nickelodeon offered him his own show titled Romeo ! ; the show was successful on the network and went on to run for three seasons . In 2011 , Miller starred in the film Jumping the Broom , and in 2012 he would also star in Tyler Perry 's film Madea 's Witness Protection ."}]}, {'value': 'September 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'John Kerry , Tiger Woods , Gary Sinise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Kerry', 'summary': 'John Forbes Kerry ( born December 11 , 1943 ) is an American politician who served as the 68th United States Secretary of State from 2013 to 2017 . A member of the Democratic Party , he previously served as a United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1985 until 2013 . He was the Democratic nominee in the 2004 presidential election , losing to Republican incumbent President George W. Bush . Kerry grew up as a military brat , and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire . He graduated from Yale University in 1966 with a major in political science . Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966 , and between 1968 and 1969 , he served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge ( OIC ) of a Swift Boat . For that service , he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal , Bronze Star Medal and three Purple Heart Medals . Securing an early return to the United States , Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization , in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War . He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he described United States war policy in Vietnam as the cause of war crimes . After receiving a Juris Doctor from Boston College Law School , Kerry worked as an Assistant District Attorney in Massachusetts . He served as Lieutenant Governor under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January . On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee , he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran-Contra affair .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tiger_Woods', 'summary': "Eldrick Tont Tiger Woods ( born December 30 , 1975 ) is an American professional golfer . He is tied for first in PGA Tour wins and ranks second in men 's major championships and also holds numerous golf records . Woods is widely regarded as one of the greatest golfers , and one of the most famous athletes of all time . Following an outstanding junior , college , and amateur golf career , Woods turned professional in 1996 at the age of 20 . By the end of April 1997 , he had won three PGA Tour events in addition to his first major , the 1997 Masters , which he won by 12 strokes in a record-breaking performance . He reached number one in the world rankings for the first time in June 1997 , less than a year after turning pro . Throughout the first decade of the 21st century , Woods was the dominant force in golf . He was the top-ranked golfer in the world from August 1999 to September 2004 ( 264 weeks ) and again from June 2005 to October 2010 ( 281 weeks ) . During this time , he won 13 of golf 's major championships . The next decade of Woods ' career was marked by comebacks from personal problems and injuries . He took a self-imposed hiatus from professional golf from December 2009 to early April 2010 in an attempt to resolve marital issues with his then-wife , Elin . Extramarital affairs with Woods had been alleged by several women , and the couple eventually divorced ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gary_Sinise', 'summary': 'Gary Alan Sinise ( /sɪˈniːs/ ; born March 17 , 1955 ) is an American actor , director , musician , producer and philanthropist . Among other awards , he has won an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame and was nominated for an Academy Award . Sinise first starred in a film when he directed , produced , and played George Milton in Of Mice and Men , based on the novel by John Steinbeck . His subsequent roles include Lieutenant Dan Taylor in Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Harry S. Truman in Truman ( 1995 ) , for which he won a Golden Globe , Ken Mattingly in Apollo 13 ( 1995 ) and Detective Jimmy Shaker in Ransom ( 1996 ) . Sinise has appeared in other films including The Green Mile ( 1999 ) and Impostor ( 2002 ) . On television , he has played Detective Mac Taylor in the CBS series CSI : NY ( 2004-13 ) , Sid in Frasier and George C. Wallace in the television film George Wallace ( for which he won an Emmy ) . From 2016 to 2017 , Sinise starred as Special Agent Jack Garrett in Criminal Minds : Beyond Borders . He is a supporter of various veteran organizations and founded the Lt. Dan Band who play at military bases around the world .'}]}, {'value': 'September 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Faith Ford , Ashlee Simpson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faith_Ford', 'summary': 'Faith Alexis Ford ( born September 14 , 1964 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles as Corky Sherwood on the CBS sitcom Murphy Brown , for which she received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations , and as Hope Shanowski on the ABC sitcom Hope & Faith .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ashlee_Simpson', 'summary': "Ashlee Nicolle Ross ( née Simpson ; born October 3 , 1984 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . The younger sister of singer and actress Jessica Simpson , she began her career as a back-up dancer for her sister and appeared in television commercials at the age of 15 . She later pursued a career as an actress and had a recurring role on the family drama 7th Heaven . Her breakout came following her appearance on the reality show Newlyweds : Nick and Jessica , broadcast on MTV between 2003 and 2005 , which focused on Ashlee 's older sister Jessica and Jessica 's then-husband Nick Lachey . While working on her debut studio album , Simpson became the star of a spin-off reality series , The Ashlee Simpson Show , which was broadcast on MTV between 2004 and 2005 . Like her sister before her , Simpson became the center of considerable media attention , much of which focused on her relationship with musician Ryan Cabrera . When Simpson 's debut single , Pieces of Me , was released in 2004 , it became a top-five hit in the United States and topped the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 chart based on radio airplay . The success of the single and her reality show helped propel her debut album , Autobiography , also released in 2004 , to the top of the Billboard 200 albums chart . The project sold over five million copies worldwide , making it her most successful album to date . Simpson had a leading role in the film Undiscovered ( 2005 ) , which became a critical and commercial flop . The failure of the film , along with multiple critically panned performances , led to much media scrutiny towards Simpson . Despite this , Simpson 's second studio album , I Am Me ( 2005 ) , debuted atop the Billboard 200 , becoming her second album to do so ."}]}, {'value': 'September 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Katie Holmes , Elvis Costello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katie_Holmes', 'summary': "Kate Noelle Holmes ( born December 18 , 1978 ) is an American actress , producer , and director . She first achieved fame as Joey Potter on the television series Dawson 's Creek ( 1998-2003 ) . She made her feature film debut in Ang Lee 's The Ice Storm in 1997 . Subsequent film roles include : Go , Teaching Mrs. Tingle ( both 1999 ) , Wonder Boys , The Gift ( both 2000 ) , Abandon , Phone Booth ( both 2002 ) , The Singing Detective , Pieces of April ( both 2003 ) , Batman Begins , Thank You for Smoking ( both 2005 ) , Mad Money ( 2008 ) , Do n't Be Afraid of the Dark ( 2010 ) , Jack and Jill ( 2011 ) , Miss Meadows ( 2014 ) , Woman in Gold , Touched with Fire ( both 2015 ) and Logan Lucky ( 2017 ) . In 2008 , she made her Broadway theatre debut in a production of Arthur Miller 's All My Sons . In 2011 , she played Jacqueline Kennedy in the TV miniseries The Kennedys , a role she reprised in The Kennedys : After Camelot ( 2017 ) . She made her directorial debut with the 2016 film All We Had , in which she also starred . Her marriage to actor Tom Cruise , which lasted from 2006 to 2012 , led to a great deal of media attention , with the pair being called a supercouple and being given the nickname TomKat in various countries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Elvis_Costello', 'summary': "Declan Patrick MacManus , OBE ( born 25 August 1954 ) , better known by his stage name Elvis Costello , is an English post-punk singer-songwriter . He has won multiple awards in his career , including Grammy Awards in 1999 and 2020 , and has twice been nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist . In 2003 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . In 2004 , Rolling Stone ranked Costello number 80 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . Costello began his career as part of London 's pub rock scene in the early 1970s and later became associated with the first wave of the British punk and new wave movement that emerged in the mid-to-late 1970s . His critically acclaimed debut album My Aim Is True was released in 1977 . Shortly after recording it , he formed the Attractions as his backing band . His second album This Year 's Model was released in 1978 , and was ranked number 11 by Rolling Stone on its list of the best albums from 1967 to 1987 . His third album Armed Forces was released in 1979 , and features his highest-charting single , Oliver 's Army ( number 2 in the UK ) . His first three albums all appeared on Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . Costello and the Attractions toured and recorded together for the better part of a decade , though differences between them caused a split by 1986 . Much of Costello 's work since has been as a solo artist , though reunions with members of the Attractions have been credited to the group over the years ."}]}, {'value': 'September 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "LIVE 's 2004 Relly Awards", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'James Belushi , Dean Cain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Belushi', 'summary': 'James Adam Belushi ( /bəˈluːʃi/ ; born June 15 , 1954 ) is an American actor , comedian , singer and musician . He played the role of Jim on the sitcom According to Jim ( 2001-2009 ) . His other television roles include Saturday Night Live ( 1983-1985 ) , Wild Palms ( 1993 ) , Aaahh ! ! ! Real Monsters ( 1994-1997 ) , Show Me a Hero ( 2015 ) and Twin Peaks ( 2017 ) . Belushi has appeared in films such as Thief ( 1981 ) , Trading Places ( 1983 ) , About Last Night ( 1986 ) , Salvador ( 1986 ) , The Principal ( 1987 ) , Red Heat ( 1988 ) , K-9 ( 1989 ) , Mr. Destiny ( 1990 ) , Curly Sue ( 1991 ) , Jingle All the Way ( 1996 ) , Gang Related ( 1997 ) , Underdog ( 2007 ) The Ghost Writer ( 2010 ) and Katie Says Goodbye ( 2019 ) . He is the younger brother of comic actor John Belushi and the father of actor Robert Belushi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_Cain', 'summary': "Dean George Cain ( né Tanaka ; born July 31 , 1966 ) is an American actor , producer , television show host , and former football player , best known for playing the role of Clark Kent/Superman in the TV series Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman . He was also host of Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! and appeared in the soap opera series Hit the Floor ."}]}, {'value': 'September 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Christopher Walken , Eve , Mia Hamm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christopher_Walken', 'summary': "Christopher Walken ( born Ronald Walken , March 31 , 1943 ) is an American actor , singer , comedian , director , producer , screenwriter , and dancer , who has appeared in more than 100 films and television programs , including Annie Hall ( 1977 ) , The Deer Hunter ( 1978 ) , The Dogs of War ( 1980 ) , The Dead Zone ( 1983 ) , A View to a Kill ( 1985 ) , Batman Returns ( 1992 ) , True Romance ( 1993 ) , Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , Antz ( 1998 ) , Vendetta ( 1999 ) , Sleepy Hollow ( 1999 ) , Joe Dirt ( 2001 ) , Catch Me If You Can ( 2002 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , the first three Prophecy films , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and Irreplaceable You ( 2018 ) . He has received a number of awards and nominations , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Deer Hunter . He was nominated for the same award and won BAFTA and Screen Actors Guild Awards for Catch Me If You Can . His films have grossed more than $ 1 billion in the United States . Walken has also played the lead in the Shakespeare plays Hamlet , Macbeth , Romeo and Juliet , and Coriolanus . He is a popular guest-host of Saturday Night Live , hosting seven times . His most notable roles on the show include record producer Bruce Dickinson in the More Cowbell sketch ; the disgraced Confederate officer Colonel Angus ; and multiple appearances in the Continental sketch . He has also appeared in Hallmark Hall of Fame 's Sarah , Plain and Tall ( 1991 ) , which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination . Walken debuted as a film director and screenwriter with the 2001 short film Popcorn Shrimp . He also wrote and played the lead role in the 1995 play Him about his idol Elvis Presley ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Eve_(entertainer)', 'summary': "Eve Jihan Jeffers Cooper ( born November 10 , 1978 ) is an American rapper and actress from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . She has released four studio albums , Let There Be Eve.Ruff Ryders ' First Lady ( 1999 ) , Scorpion ( 2001 ) , Eve-Olution ( 2002 ) and Lip Lock ( 2013 ) . Eve achieved chart success with the singles , Let Me Blow Ya Mind , Who 's That Girl , Gangsta Lovin ' and Tambourine . Besides solo materials , Eve earned chart-topping entries with collaborations , including Rich Girl , 4 My People , Who 's That Girl and Like This . Her accolades include a Grammy Award , BET Award , MTV Video Music Award , Teen Choice Award , and Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Award . Eve ranked at number 46 on VH1 's list of 50 Greatest Hip Hop Artists . As an actress , Eve is known for her role as Terri Jones in the films Barbershop , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business and Barbershop : The Next Cut , as well as Shelley Williams on the UPN television sitcom Eve . She also appeared in films The Woodsman ( 2004 ) , The Cookout ( 2004 ) and Whip It ( 2009 ) . Since 2017 , Eve has been one of the hosts of the CBS Daytime talk show , The Talk . She had a clothing line called Fetish from 2003 to 2009 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mia_Hamm', 'summary': "Mariel Margaret Hamm-Garciaparra ( born March 17 , 1972 ) is an American retired professional soccer player , two-time Olympic gold medalist , and two-time FIFA Women 's World Cup champion . Hailed as a soccer icon , she played as a forward for the United States women 's national soccer team from 1987-2004 . Hamm was the face of the Women 's United Soccer Association ( WUSA ) , the first professional women 's soccer league in the United States , where she played for the Washington Freedom from 2001-2003 . She played college soccer for the North Carolina Tar Heels women 's soccer team and helped the team win four consecutive NCAA Division I Women 's Soccer Championship titles . During her tenure with the national team , Hamm competed in four FIFA Women 's World Cup tournaments : the inaugural 1991 in China , 1995 in Sweden , 1999 and 2003 in the United States . She led the team at three Olympic Games , including : 1996 in Atlanta ( the first time women 's soccer was played ) , 2000 in Sydney , and 2004 in Athens . She completed her international career having played in 42 matches and scored 14 goals at these 7 international tournaments . Hamm held the record for most international goals scored - by a woman or man - until 2013 and remains in third place behind former teammate Abby Wambach and Canadian striker Christine Sinclair as of 2017 . She currently ranks third in the history of the U.S. national team for international caps ( 276 ) and first for career assists ( 144 ) . Twice named FIFA World Player of the Year in 2001 and 2002 , Hamm and her teammate Michelle Akers were hailed by Pelé as two of FIFA 's 125 greatest living players when he included them in the FIFA 100 to celebrate the organization 's 100th anniversary . Hamm was named U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of the Year five years in a row and won three ESPY awards including Soccer Player of the Year and Female Athlete of the Year . The Women 's Sports Foundation named her Sportswoman of the Year in 1997 and 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'John Goodman , Yao Ming , Ciara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Goodman', 'summary': "John Stephen Goodman ( born June 20 , 1952 ) is an American actor . Early in his career , he played Dan Conner on the ABC TV series Roseanne ( 1988-1997 ; 2018 ) , for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in 1993 . Goodman later reprised the role in its sequel series The Conners . He is a regular collaborator with the Coen brothers on such films as Raising Arizona ( 1987 ) , Barton Fink ( 1991 ) , The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , O Brother , Where Art Thou ? ( 2000 ) , and Inside Llewyn Davis ( 2013 ) . His voice roles include Sulley in Pixar 's Monsters , Inc. franchise and Pacha in Disney 's The Emperor 's New Groove franchise . His other film performances include lead roles in Always ( 1989 ) , King Ralph ( 1991 ) , The Babe ( 1992 ) , The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , Blues Brothers 2000 ( 1998 ) , and 10 Cloverfield Lane ( 2016 ) , and supporting roles in True Stories ( 1986 ) , Coyote Ugly ( 2000 ) , The Artist ( 2011 ) , Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close ( 2011 ) , Argo ( 2012 ) , Flight ( 2012 ) , The Hangover Part III ( 2013 ) , Transformers : Age of Extinction ( 2014 ) , Patriots Day ( 2016 ) , Kong : Skull Island ( 2017 ) , and Transformers : The Last Knight ( 2017 ) . On television , Goodman has had regular roles on Amazon Studios 's Alpha House and on the first season of HBO 's Treme and has been a frequent host of Saturday Night Live , as well as playing guest roles on series such as Community . He stars in the HBO comedy The Righteous Gemstones , which premiered in 2019 . John Heilpern of Vanity Fair has called him among our very finest actors ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yao_Ming', 'summary': "Yao Ming ( Chinese : 姚明 ; born September 12 , 1980 ) is a Chinese basketball executive and retired professional basketball player who played for the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association ( CBA ) and the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He was selected to start for the Western Conference in the NBA All-Star Game eight times , and was named to the All-NBA Team five times . At the time of his final season , he was the tallest active player in the NBA , at 2.29 m ( 7 ft 6 in ) . He is the only player from outside of the United States to lead the NBA in All-Star votes . Yao , who was born in Shanghai , started playing for the Shanghai Sharks as a teenager , and played on their senior team for five years in the Chinese Basketball Association ( CBA ) , winning a championship in his final year . After negotiating with the CBA and the Sharks to secure his release , Yao was selected by the Houston Rockets as the first overall pick in the 2002 NBA draft . He reached the NBA Playoffs four times , and the Rockets won the first-round series in the 2009 postseason , their first playoff series victory since 1997 . In July 2011 , Yao announced his retirement from professional basketball because of a series of foot and ankle injuries which forced him to miss 250 games in his last six seasons . In eight seasons with the Rockets , Yao ranks sixth among franchise leaders in total points and total rebounds , and second in total blocks . Yao is one of China 's best-known athletes , with sponsorships with several major companies . His rookie year in the NBA was the subject of a documentary film , The Year of the Yao , and he co-wrote , along with NBA analyst Ric Bucher , an autobiography titled Yao : A Life in Two Worlds . Known in China as the Yao Ming Phenomenon and in the United States as the Ming Dynasty , Yao 's success in the NBA , and his popularity among fans , made him a symbol of a new China that was both more modern and more confident ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ciara', 'summary': "Ciara Princess Harris ( /siˈɛrə/ see-ERR-ə ; born October 25 , 1985 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and model . Born in Austin , Texas , she traveled around the world during her childhood , eventually moving to Atlanta , Georgia where she joined the girl group Hearsay . She later signed a publishing deal , and befriended producer Jazze Pha , who recorded demos that would appear on her debut album . With his help , Ciara signed a record deal with LaFace Records . In 2004 , Ciara released her debut studio album Goodies , which spawned four singles : Goodies , 1 , 2 Step , Oh and And I. Goodies topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The album was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and garnered four nominations at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards . Ciara was also featured on Missy Elliott 's Lose Control and Bow Wow 's Like You , both of which reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . In 2006 , Ciara released her second studio album , Ciara : The Evolution , which spawned the hit singles Get Up , Promise , Like a Boy and Ca n't Leave 'em Alone . The album reached number one in the U.S. and was certified platinum . Ciara 's third studio album , Fantasy Ride ( 2009 ) was less successful than her first two albums . However , it produced the international top-ten single Love Sex Magic , featuring Justin Timberlake , which received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . The following year , Ciara released her fourth studio album Basic Instinct , which included the R & B top-five single Ride , but was met with low sales , continuing a downward trend in her commercial performance ."}]}, {'value': 'September 30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "Joaquin Phoenix , Sara Rue , Shaquille O'Neal", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix', 'summary': 'Joaquin Rafael Phoenix [ a ] ( /hwɑːˈkiːn/ ; né Bottom ; born October 28 , 1974 ) is an American actor and producer . He has received numerous awards and nominations , including an Academy Award , a Grammy Award , and two Golden Globe Awards . As a child , Phoenix started acting in television with his brother River and sister Summer . His first major film role was in SpaceCamp ( 1986 ) . During this period , he was credited as Leaf Phoenix , a name he gave himself . He later went back to his original name and received positive reviews for his supporting work in the comedy-drama film To Die For ( 1995 ) and the period film Quills ( 2000 ) . He received wider attention for his portrayal of Commodus in the historical drama film Gladiator ( 2000 ) , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He subsequently earned Best Actor nominations for portraying musician Johnny Cash in Walk the Line ( 2005 ) , an alcoholic war veteran in The Master ( 2012 ) , and the title character in Joker ( 2019 ) , winning for the latter . His other films include the horror films Signs ( 2002 ) and The Village ( 2004 ) , the historical drama Hotel Rwanda ( 2004 ) , the romantic drama Her ( 2013 ) , the crime satire Inherent Vice ( 2014 ) , and the psychological thriller You Were Never Really Here ( 2017 ) , winning the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor for the latter . Phoenix has also ventured into directing music videos , as well as producing films and television shows . For recording the soundtrack to Walk the Line , he won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media . He is a social activist and has lent his support to several charities and humanitarian organizations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sara_Rue', 'summary': 'Sara Rue ( born January 26 , 1979 ) is an American actress . She is known for her performances as Carmen Ferrara on Popular , and as Claude Casey on Less than Perfect . In 2011 , she hosted The CW reality series Shedding for the Wedding . She had a recurring role in the comedy Rules of Engagement , in which she played Brenda , the softball teammate and good friend of Jeff Bingham . She also had a regular role as Kim on the short-lived ABC sitcom Malibu Country , and appeared in the main cast of the TV Land comedy series Impastor . She is also known for her role as Olivia Caliban in the second season of A Series of Unfortunate Events .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Shaquille_O'Neal", 'summary': "Shaquille Rashaun Shaq O'Neal ( /ʃəˈkiːl/ shə-KEEL ; /ʃæk/ SHAK ; born March 6 , 1972 ) is a retired professional American basketball player who is a sports analyst on the television program Inside the NBA on TNT . He is considered one of the greatest players in National Basketball Association ( NBA ) history . At 7 ft 1 in ( 2.16 m ) tall and 325 pounds ( 147 kg ) , he was one of the tallest and heaviest players ever . O'Neal played for six teams over his 19-year career . Following his time at Louisiana State University , O'Neal was drafted by the Orlando Magic with the first overall pick in the 1992 NBA draft . He quickly became one of the best centers in the league , winning Rookie of the Year in 1992-93 and leading his team to the 1995 NBA Finals . After four years with the Magic , O'Neal signed as a free agent with the Los Angeles Lakers . They won three consecutive championships in 2000 , 2001 , and 2002 . Amid tension between O'Neal and Kobe Bryant , O'Neal was traded to the Miami Heat in 2004 , and his fourth NBA championship followed in 2006 . Midway through the 2007-2008 season he was traded to the Phoenix Suns . After a season-and-a-half with the Suns , O'Neal was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2009-10 season . O'Neal played for the Boston Celtics in the 2010-11 season before retiring ."}]}], 'section_title': 'September 2004', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(Season_17)_0', 'intro': "This is a list of Live with Regis and Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 17th season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of emails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as a Regis and Kelly Inbox segment."} | null | null | What is the date of the guest who was voted the fifth-greatest stand-up comedian by Comedy Central ? | September 8 |
0b7f67eebef24588 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_seventeenth_Knesset', 'title': 'List of members of the seventeenth Knesset', 'header': ['Name', 'Party', 'Replaced by', 'Remarks'], 'data': [{'value': 'Uriel Reichman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uriel_Reichman', 'summary': 'Uriel Reichman ( Hebrew : אוריאל רייכמן , born 4 July 1942 ) is an Israeli legal scholar and former politician . He established the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya in 1994 and remains its president . He also briefly served as a member of the Knesset in 2006 for Kadima .'}]}, {'value': 'Kadima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kadima', 'summary': "Kadima ( Hebrew : קדימה , lit . Forward ) was a centrist and liberal political party in Israel . It was established on 24 November 2005 by moderates from Likud largely to support the issue of Ariel Sharon 's unilateral disengagement plan , and was soon joined by like-minded Labor politicians . With Ehud Olmert as party chairman following Sharon 's stroke , it became the largest party in the Knesset after the 2006 elections , winning 29 of the 120 seats , and led a coalition government . Although Kadima also won the most seats in the 2009 elections under Tzipi Livni 's leadership , it became an opposition party for the first time after a Likud-led government was formed . Livni was defeated in the 2012 leadership election , losing out to the more conservative Shaul Mofaz . Following Livni 's defeat , the party 's progressive wing broke away at the end of 2012 , to form a new centre-left party , Hatnuah , which Livni led from the outset . In the 2013 elections , Kadima became the smallest party in the Knesset , winning only 2 seats and barely passing the electoral threshold . It did not enter the 2015 elections . To date , it is the only party other than Mapai/Labor or Likud to have led a government in Israel ."}]}, {'value': 'Shai Hermesh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shai_Hermesh', 'summary': 'Shai Hermesh ( Hebrew : שי חרמש , born 23 March 1944 ) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Kadima between 2006 and 2013 . As chairman of the Israeli branch of the World Jewish Congress ( WJC ) , Hermesh is also a member of the WJC Executive Committee .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned on 20 April 2006 after the role of Minister of Education , promised to him by Ariel Sharon , was given to Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ariel_Sharon', 'summary': "Ariel Sharon el ʃaˈʁon ] ( listen ) , Ariʼēl Sharōn , also known by his diminutive Arik , אָרִיק , born Ariel Scheinermann , אֲרִיאֵל שַׁיינֶרְמָן ; 26 February 1928 - 11 January 2014 ) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006 . Sharon was a commander in the Israeli Army from its creation in 1948 . As a soldier and then an officer , he participated prominently in the 1948 Palestine war , becoming a platoon commander in the Alexandroni Brigade and taking part in many battles , including Operation Bin Nun Alef . He was an instrumental figure in the creation of Unit 101 and the reprisal operations , as well as in the 1956 Suez Crisis , the Six-Day War of 1967 , the War of Attrition , and the Yom-Kippur War of 1973 . Yitzhak Rabin has called Sharon the greatest field commander in our history . Upon retirement from the military , Sharon entered politics , joining the Likud party , and served in a number of ministerial posts in Likud-led governments in 1977-92 and 1996-99 . As Minister of Defense , he directed the 1982 Lebanon War . An official enquiry found that he bore personal responsibility for the Sabra and Shatila massacre and recommended that he be removed as Defense Minister . His role in the massacre led to him being known as the Butcher of Beirut among Arabs . From the 1970s through to the 1990s , Sharon championed construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip . He became the leader of the Likud in 2000 , and served as Israel 's prime minister from 2001 to 2006 . However , as Prime Minister , in 2004-05 Sharon orchestrated Israel 's unilateral disengagement from the Gaza Strip ."}]}, {'value': 'Natan Sharansky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natan_Sharansky', 'summary': 'Natan Sharansky on 20 January 1948 ) is an Israeli politician , human rights activist and author who , as a refusenik in the Soviet Union during the 1970s and 1980s , spent nine years in Soviet prisons . He served as Chairman of the Executive of the Jewish Agency from June 2009 to August 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Likud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Likud', 'summary': "Likud ( Hebrew : הַלִּיכּוּד , translit . HaLikud , lit. , The Consolidation ) , officially the Likud - National Liberal Movement , is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel . A secular party , it was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon in an alliance with several right-wing parties . Likud 's landslide victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country 's political history , marking the first time the left had lost power . In addition , it was the first time in Israel that a right-wing party won the plurality of the votes . However , after ruling the country for most of the 1980s , the party lost the Knesset election in 1992 . Nevertheless , Likud 's candidate Benjamin Netanyahu did win the vote for Prime Minister in 1996 and was given the task of forming a government after the 1996 elections . Netanyahu 's government fell apart after a vote of no confidence , which led to elections being called in 1999 and Likud losing power to the One Israel coalition led by Ehud Barak . In 2001 , Likud 's Ariel Sharon , who replaced Netanyahu following the 1999 election , defeated Barak in an election called by the Prime Minister following his resignation . After the party recorded a convincing win in the 2003 elections , Likud saw a major split in 2005 when Sharon left to form the Kadima party . This resulted in Likud slumping to fourth place in the 2006 elections and losing 28 seats in the Knesset . Following the 2009 elections , Likud was able to gain 15 seats , and , with Netanyahu back in control of the party , formed a coalition with fellow right-wing parties Yisrael Beiteinu and Shas to take control of the government from Kadima , which earned a plurality , but not a majority ."}]}, {'value': 'Haim Katz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haim_Katz', 'summary': 'Haim Katz is an Israeli politician . He currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Likud , though he resigned as Minister of Welfare and Social Services on 16 August 2019 as he will be indicted on charges of fraud , as well as breach of trust .'}]}, {'value': 'Sharansky retired from politics and left the Knesset on 20 November 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuri Stern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuri_Stern', 'summary': 'Yuri Stern ( Hebrew : יורי שטרן , Russian : Юрий Штерн , romanized : Yuriy Shtern , 29 March 1949 - 16 January 2007 ) was a Russian-Israeli politician and journalist . He was a member of the Knesset from 1996 until his death , first as a member of Yisrael BaAliyah and later on behalf of Yisrael Beiteinu .'}]}, {'value': 'Yisrael Beiteinu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu', 'summary': "Yisrael Beiteinu ( Hebrew : יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּיתֵנוּ , lit . Israel Our Home ) is a secular nationalist political party in Israel . The party 's base was originally secular Russian-speaking Israelis , although support from this demographic is in decline . The party describes itself as a national movement with the clear vision to follow in the bold path of Zev Jabotinsky , the founder of Revisionist Zionism . It has primarily represented immigrants from the former Soviet Union , although it has attempted to expand its appeal to more established Israelis . It takes a hard line towards the peace process and the integration of Israeli Arabs . Its main platform includes a recognition of the two-state solution , the creation of a Palestinian state that would include an exchange of some largely Arab-inhabited parts of Israel for largely Jewish-inhabited parts of the West Bank . Yisrael Beiteinu maintains an anti-clerical mantle , supports drafting the ultra-Orthodox into the military , and encourages socio-economic opportunities for new immigrants , in conjunction with efforts to increase Jewish immigration . The party won 15 seats in the 2009 election , its most to date , making it the third-largest party in the 18th Knesset . In the September 2019 election the party won eight seats ."}]}, {'value': 'David Rotem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Rotem', 'summary': 'David Rotem ( Hebrew : דוד רותם , 11 January 1949 - 8 June 2015 ) was an Israeli politician . He served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2007 and 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Stern died of cancer on 16 January 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dan Naveh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dan_Naveh', 'summary': 'Dan Naveh ( Hebrew : דן נוה , born Dan Mannheim on 21 June 1960 ) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1999 and 2007 , as well as being a government minister from 2001 until 2006 . He is the founder and the managing general partner of Agate Medical Investments and currently the chairman of Clal insurance .'}]}, {'value': 'Likud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Likud', 'summary': "Likud ( Hebrew : הַלִּיכּוּד , translit . HaLikud , lit. , The Consolidation ) , officially the Likud - National Liberal Movement , is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel . A secular party , it was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon in an alliance with several right-wing parties . Likud 's landslide victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country 's political history , marking the first time the left had lost power . In addition , it was the first time in Israel that a right-wing party won the plurality of the votes . However , after ruling the country for most of the 1980s , the party lost the Knesset election in 1992 . Nevertheless , Likud 's candidate Benjamin Netanyahu did win the vote for Prime Minister in 1996 and was given the task of forming a government after the 1996 elections . Netanyahu 's government fell apart after a vote of no confidence , which led to elections being called in 1999 and Likud losing power to the One Israel coalition led by Ehud Barak . In 2001 , Likud 's Ariel Sharon , who replaced Netanyahu following the 1999 election , defeated Barak in an election called by the Prime Minister following his resignation . After the party recorded a convincing win in the 2003 elections , Likud saw a major split in 2005 when Sharon left to form the Kadima party . This resulted in Likud slumping to fourth place in the 2006 elections and losing 28 seats in the Knesset . Following the 2009 elections , Likud was able to gain 15 seats , and , with Netanyahu back in control of the party , formed a coalition with fellow right-wing parties Yisrael Beiteinu and Shas to take control of the government from Kadima , which earned a plurality , but not a majority ."}]}, {'value': 'Yuli-Yoel Edelstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuli-Yoel_Edelstein', 'summary': 'Yuli-Yoel Edelstein is an Israeli politician . One of the most prominent refuseniks in the Soviet Union , he has been Speaker of the Knesset since 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Naveh resigned to go into business on 27 February 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Azmi Bishara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Azmi_Bishara', 'summary': 'Azmi Bishara ( Arabic : عزمي بشارة listen ( help·info ) born 22 July 1956 ) is an Arab public intellectual , political philosopher and author . is presently the General Director of the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies and the Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies . Born in Nazareth in Israel , his political activity began when he founded the National Committee for Arab High School Students in 1974 . He later established the Arab Students Union when at university . In 1995 he formed the Balad party and was elected to the Knesset on its list in 1996 . He was subsequently re-elected in 1999 , 2003 and 2006 . However , after visiting Lebanon and Syria in the aftermath of the 2006 Lebanon War , Bishara became the subject of a criminal investigation for acts of alleged treason and espionage and was suspected of supplying targeting information to Hezbollah . After being stripped of his parliamentary immunity , he fled Israel , denying the allegations and refusing to return , claiming he would not receive a fair trial . Bishara has since established himself in Qatar at the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies as an academic and researcher . He also helped establish the Al-Araby Al-Jadeed media conglomerate . In 2017 he announced his retirement from direct political work at the beginning of 2017 with the aim of dedicating all his time to writing and intellectual production .'}]}, {'value': 'Balad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balad_(political_party)', 'summary': 'Balad ( Hebrew : בָּלַד ) is an Arab political party in Israel led by Mtanes Shehadeh . The party advocates for the rights of Arab citizens and greater democratic freedoms in Israel .'}]}, {'value': 'Said Nafa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Said_Nafa', 'summary': 'Said Nafa is an Israeli Arab politician and lawyer . A Druze citizen of Israel , he served as a member of the Knesset for Balad between 2007 and 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bishara resigned from the Knesset on 22 April 2007 due to a police investigation into his activities during the 2006 Lebanon War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War', 'summary': "The 2006 Lebanon War , also called the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War ( Arabic : حرب تموز , Ḥarb Tammūz ) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War ( Hebrew : מלחמת לבנון השנייה , Milhemet Levanon HaShniya ) , was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon , Northern Israel and the Golan Heights . The principal parties were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) . The conflict started on 12 July 2006 , and continued until a United Nations-brokered ceasefire went into effect in the morning on 14 August 2006 , though it formally ended on 8 September 2006 when Israel lifted its naval blockade of Lebanon . Due to unprecedented Iranian military support to Hezbollah before and during the war , some consider it the first round of the Iran-Israel proxy conflict , rather than a continuation of the Arab-Israeli conflict . The conflict was precipitated by the 2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid . On 12 July 2006 , Hezbollah fighters fired rockets at Israeli border towns as a diversion for an anti-tank missile attack on two armored Humvees patrolling the Israeli side of the border fence . The ambush left three soldiers dead . Two Israeli soldiers were abducted and taken by Hezbollah to Lebanon . Five more were killed in Lebanon , in a failed rescue attempt . Hezbollah demanded the release of Lebanese prisoners held by Israel in exchange for the release of the abducted soldiers . Israel refused and responded with airstrikes and artillery fire on targets in Lebanon . Israel attacked both Hezbollah military targets and Lebanese civilian infrastructure , including Beirut 's Rafic Hariri International Airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimon Peres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shimon_Peres', 'summary': "Shimon Peres ( /ʃiːˌmoʊn ˈpɛrɛs , -ɛz/ ; Hebrew : שמעון פרס [ ʃiˌmon ˈpeʁes ] ( listen ) ; born Szymon Perski ; 1 August 1923 - 28 September 2016 ) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel ( 2007-2014 ) , the Prime Minister of Israel ( twice ) , and the Interim Prime Minister , in the 1970s to the 1990s . He was a member of twelve cabinets and represented five political parties in a political career spanning 70 years . Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006 , was in office continuously until he was elected President in 2007 . At the time of his retirement in 2014 , he was the world 's oldest head of state and was considered the last link to Israel 's founding generation . From a young age , he was renowned for his oratorical brilliance , and was chosen as a protégé by David Ben-Gurion , Israel 's founding father . He began his political career in the late 1940s , holding several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War . His first high-level government position was as Deputy Director-General of Defense in 1952 which he attained at the age of 28 , and Director-General from 1953 until 1959 . In 1956 , he took part in the historic negotiations on the Protocol of Sèvres described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the highest form of statesmanship . In 1963 , he held negotiations with U.S. President John F. Kennedy , which resulted in the sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel , the first sale of U.S. military equipment to Israel . Peres represented Mapai , Rafi , the Alignment , Labor and Kadima in the Knesset , and led Alignment and Labor . Peres first succeeded Yitzhak Rabin as Acting Prime Minister briefly during 1977 , before becoming Prime Minister from 1984 to 1986 . As Foreign Minister under Prime Minister Rabin , Peres engineered the 1994 Israel-Jordan peace treaty , and won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the Oslo Accords peace talks with the Palestinian leadership ."}]}, {'value': 'Kadima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kadima', 'summary': "Kadima ( Hebrew : קדימה , lit . Forward ) was a centrist and liberal political party in Israel . It was established on 24 November 2005 by moderates from Likud largely to support the issue of Ariel Sharon 's unilateral disengagement plan , and was soon joined by like-minded Labor politicians . With Ehud Olmert as party chairman following Sharon 's stroke , it became the largest party in the Knesset after the 2006 elections , winning 29 of the 120 seats , and led a coalition government . Although Kadima also won the most seats in the 2009 elections under Tzipi Livni 's leadership , it became an opposition party for the first time after a Likud-led government was formed . Livni was defeated in the 2012 leadership election , losing out to the more conservative Shaul Mofaz . Following Livni 's defeat , the party 's progressive wing broke away at the end of 2012 , to form a new centre-left party , Hatnuah , which Livni led from the outset . In the 2013 elections , Kadima became the smallest party in the Knesset , winning only 2 seats and barely passing the electoral threshold . It did not enter the 2015 elections . To date , it is the only party other than Mapai/Labor or Likud to have led a government in Israel ."}]}, {'value': 'Yitzhak Ben Yisrael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben_Yisrael', 'summary': "Professor Isaac Ben-Israel ( Hebrew : יצחק בן ישראל , born 26 July 1949 ) is an Israeli military scientist , general and ex-politician . He currently serves as the chairman of the Israeli Space Agency and the National Council for Research and Development , under the auspices of the Ministry of Science , Technology and Space of Israel . He finished his service in the IDF ranked General , serving as head of the military Administration for the Development of Weapons and the Technological Industry . Between 2010-2012 he served as chief Cybernetics adviser to PM Netanyahu , during which period he founded the National Cyber Bureau in the PM office and launched the National Cyber Initiative . Ben Israel is now head of the Security Studies program in Tel Aviv University , where he also heads the annual international Cyber Security conference . Between 2007 and 2009 he served as a member of the Knesset for Kadima . Ben Israel is one of Israel 's top experts on Space , Cyber and technological related security . He holds a PhD in Philosophy and a BSc in Physics and Mathematics from Tel Aviv University ."}]}, {'value': 'Peres resigned from the Knesset following his election as president on 13 June 2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Israeli_presidential_election', 'summary': 'Indirect presidential elections were held in Israel on 13 June 2007 . The Knesset elected Shimon Peres , a former Prime Minister and a member of the Kadima party . His opponents were Reuven Rivlin , a former Knesset speaker , of the Likud Party , and Colette Avital , of the Labor party . After the first round of voting put Peres in a commanding lead , but just short of the absolute majority required for election , Rivlin and Avital bowed out and Peres was elected easily in the second round .'}]}, {'value': 'Shlomo Breznitz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shlomo_Breznitz', 'summary': 'Shlomo Breznitz ( Hebrew : שלמה ברזניץ , born 3 August 1936 ) is an Israeli author , psychologist , former professor of psychology , former rector and president of the University of Haifa , and previous member of the Knesset . He is currently the president and founder of Cognifit , a brain fitness software company .'}]}, {'value': 'Kadima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kadima', 'summary': "Kadima ( Hebrew : קדימה , lit . Forward ) was a centrist and liberal political party in Israel . It was established on 24 November 2005 by moderates from Likud largely to support the issue of Ariel Sharon 's unilateral disengagement plan , and was soon joined by like-minded Labor politicians . With Ehud Olmert as party chairman following Sharon 's stroke , it became the largest party in the Knesset after the 2006 elections , winning 29 of the 120 seats , and led a coalition government . Although Kadima also won the most seats in the 2009 elections under Tzipi Livni 's leadership , it became an opposition party for the first time after a Likud-led government was formed . Livni was defeated in the 2012 leadership election , losing out to the more conservative Shaul Mofaz . Following Livni 's defeat , the party 's progressive wing broke away at the end of 2012 , to form a new centre-left party , Hatnuah , which Livni led from the outset . In the 2013 elections , Kadima became the smallest party in the Knesset , winning only 2 seats and barely passing the electoral threshold . It did not enter the 2015 elections . To date , it is the only party other than Mapai/Labor or Likud to have led a government in Israel ."}]}, {'value': 'Yohanan Plesner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yohanan_Plesner', 'summary': 'Yohanan Plesner ( Hebrew : יוחנן פלסנר ; born January 17 , 1972 ) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Kadima between 2007 and 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Breznitz retired from politics and left the Knesset on 8 October 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avigdor Yitzhaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avigdor_Yitzhaki', 'summary': "Avigdor Yitzhaki ( Hebrew : אביגדור יצחקי , born 13 September 1949 ) is an Israeli politician . He is a former member of the Knesset for Kadima , having been the party 's parliamentary group chairman and head of the coalition . On 2 May 2007 , Yitzhaki requested that Prime Minister Ehud Olmert resign as soon as possible following the Winograd Commission 's first report . On 7 February 2008 he resigned from the Knesset due to serious doubts over Ehud Olmert 's ability to lead the government in the wake of the Winograd Report ."}]}, {'value': 'Kadima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kadima', 'summary': "Kadima ( Hebrew : קדימה , lit . Forward ) was a centrist and liberal political party in Israel . It was established on 24 November 2005 by moderates from Likud largely to support the issue of Ariel Sharon 's unilateral disengagement plan , and was soon joined by like-minded Labor politicians . With Ehud Olmert as party chairman following Sharon 's stroke , it became the largest party in the Knesset after the 2006 elections , winning 29 of the 120 seats , and led a coalition government . Although Kadima also won the most seats in the 2009 elections under Tzipi Livni 's leadership , it became an opposition party for the first time after a Likud-led government was formed . Livni was defeated in the 2012 leadership election , losing out to the more conservative Shaul Mofaz . Following Livni 's defeat , the party 's progressive wing broke away at the end of 2012 , to form a new centre-left party , Hatnuah , which Livni led from the outset . In the 2013 elections , Kadima became the smallest party in the Knesset , winning only 2 seats and barely passing the electoral threshold . It did not enter the 2015 elections . To date , it is the only party other than Mapai/Labor or Likud to have led a government in Israel ."}]}, {'value': 'Shlomo Mula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shlomo_Mula', 'summary': "Shlomo Molla ( Hebrew : שלמה מולה , Amharic : ሰሎሞን ሞላ ; born 21 November 1965 ) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Kadima and Hatnuah between 2008 and 2013 . He became Israel 's second MK of Ethiopian origin ."}]}, {'value': "Yitzhaki resigned from the Knesset on 7 February 2008 due to serious doubts over Ehud Olmert 's ability to lead the government in the wake of the Winograd Report", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ehud_Olmert', 'summary': 'Ehud Olmert ; born 30 September 1945 ) is an Israeli politician and lawyer . He served as the 12th Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009 and before that as a cabinet minister from 1988 to 1992 and from 2003 to 2006 . Between his first and second stints as a cabinet member , he served as mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003 . After serving as PM he was sentenced to serve a prison term over convictions for accepting bribes and for obstruction of justice during his terms as mayor of Jerusalem and as trade minister .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Winograd_Commission', 'summary': "The Winograd Commission ( Hebrew : ועדת וינוגרד ; the commission 's official name is הוועדה לבדיקת ארועי המערכה בלבנון 2006 - The commission of inquiry into the events of military engagement in Lebanon 2006 ) is an Israeli government-appointed commission of inquiry , chaired by retired judge Eliyahu Winograd , which investigated and drew lessons from the 2006 Lebanon War ( or the Second Lebanon War as it is known in Israel ) . The Committee had its first plenary session on 18 September 2006 and began summoning and hearing testimonies from witnesses on 2 November of that year . On 30 April 2007 the Commission released its preliminary report , harshly criticizing key decision-makers . At the same time , it has been praised as testimony to the fortitude of Israel 's democracy and ability to self-criticize , impressing even Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah . The final Winograd Commission report was announced in Binyanei HaUma in Jerusalem on 30 January 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Shlomo Benizri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shlomo_Benizri', 'summary': 'Shlomo Benizri is an Israeli politician and member of the Shas party . He represented Shas in the Knesset between 1992 and 2008 , serving as Deputy Health Minister , Minister of Health , and Labor and Social Welfare Minister during the late 1990s and early 2000s . He was later convicted for accepting bribes , breach of trust , conspiring to commit a crime , and obstruction of justice , and served a prison sentence .'}]}, {'value': 'Shas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shas', 'summary': "Shas ( Hebrew : ש״ס ) is a Haredi religious political party in Israel . Founded in 1984 under the leadership of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef , a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi , who remained its spiritual leader until his death in October 2013 , it primarily represents the interests of Haredi Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews . The party works to end prejudice and discrimination against the Sephardic and Mizrahi community , and highlights economic issues and social justice . Originally a small ethnic political group , Shas is currently [ when ? ] Israel 's fourth-largest party in the Knesset . [ citation needed ] Since 1984 , it has almost always formed a part of the governing coalition , whether the ruling party was Labor or Likud . As of 2019 , Shas members sit with Likud in the government ."}]}, {'value': 'Mazor Bahaina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mazor_Bahaina', 'summary': 'Mazor Mahoy Bahaina is an Israeli kes , Orthodox rabbi , and former politician , who served as a member of the Knesset for Shas between 2008 and 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Benizri resigned from the Knesset on 27 April 2008 after being convicted of bribery', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Efraim Sneh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Efraim_Sneh', 'summary': 'Efraim Sneh ( Hebrew : אפרים סנה , born 19 September 1944 ) is an Israeli politician , physician , and a retired Brigadier General in the Israel Defense Forces . He was a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party between 1992 and 2008 and served in several ministerial posts . He currently heads the Yisrael Hazaka party , which he established in May 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labor_Party_(Israel)', 'summary': "The Israeli Labor Party ( Hebrew : מִפְלֶגֶת הָעֲבוֹדָה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית , translit . Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisrelit ( help·info ) ) , commonly known as HaAvoda ( Hebrew : הָעֲבוֹדָה lit . The Labor ) , is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel . The Israeli Labor Party was established in 1968 by a merger of Mapai , Ahdut HaAvoda and Rafi . Until 1977 , all Israeli Prime Ministers were affiliated with the Labor movement . The current party leader ( since July 2019 ) is Amir Peretz . The Labor Party is associated with supporting the Israeli-Palestinian peace process , pragmatic foreign affairs policies and social democratic economic policies . The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an observer member of the Party of European Socialists . The party was also a member of the Socialist International until suspending its membership in 2018 over the Socialist International 's decision to join the Boycott , Divestment and Sanctions campaign ."}]}, {'value': "Shakhiv Shana'an", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shakhiv_Shana'an", 'summary': 'Shachiv Shnaan ( Arabic : شكيب شنان , Hebrew : שכיב שנאן ; born 20 June 1960 ) is an Israeli-Druze politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Independence .'}]}, {'value': 'Sneh resigned from the Knesset on 28 May 2008 as he left Labour to found his own party', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danny Yatom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danny_Yatom', 'summary': "Danny Yatom ( Hebrew : דני יתום , born 15 March 1945 ) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Labor . In 1996-1998 , Yatom was head of the Mossad security service and between 1999 and 2001 , he served as Prime Minister Ehud Barak 's Chief Of Staff and security advisor ."}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labor_Party_(Israel)', 'summary': "The Israeli Labor Party ( Hebrew : מִפְלֶגֶת הָעֲבוֹדָה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית , translit . Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisrelit ( help·info ) ) , commonly known as HaAvoda ( Hebrew : הָעֲבוֹדָה lit . The Labor ) , is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel . The Israeli Labor Party was established in 1968 by a merger of Mapai , Ahdut HaAvoda and Rafi . Until 1977 , all Israeli Prime Ministers were affiliated with the Labor movement . The current party leader ( since July 2019 ) is Amir Peretz . The Labor Party is associated with supporting the Israeli-Palestinian peace process , pragmatic foreign affairs policies and social democratic economic policies . The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an observer member of the Party of European Socialists . The party was also a member of the Socialist International until suspending its membership in 2018 over the Socialist International 's decision to join the Boycott , Divestment and Sanctions campaign ."}]}, {'value': 'Leon Litinski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leon_Litinski', 'summary': 'Leon Litinetsky is an Israeli politician . He served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party between 2008 and 2009 , and for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2014 and 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Yatom resigned from the Knesset on 30 June 2008 due to a lack of confidence in the government', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Ya'akov Cohen", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ya'akov_Cohen", 'summary': "Ya'akov Cohen ( Hebrew : יעקב כהן , born 13 July 1953 ) is an Israeli rabbi and former politician ."}]}, {'value': 'United Torah Judaism', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism', 'summary': "United Torah Judaism ( Hebrew : יהדות התורה , Yahadut HaTora ) is an alliance of Agudat Yisrael , a Hasidic party , and Degel HaTorah , a Lithuanian Haredi party . Both are ultra-Orthodox political parties in the Israeli Knesset . It was first formed in 1992 . The two parties have not always agreed with each other about policy matters . However , over the years , they have co-operated and united as a voting bloc , in order to win the maximum number of seats in the Knesset , since many extra votes can be wasted if election thresholds are not attained under Israel 's proportional representation parliamentary system . When UTJ joined Ariel Sharon 's coalition in 2004 , it split into its two constituent factions of Degel HaTorah and Agudat Israel . Before the 2006 election , Degel HaTorah and Agudat Israel agreed to revive their alliance under the banner of United Torah Judaism to not waste votes , and to achieve maximum representation in the 17th Knesset . The party won 8 seats in the 21st Knesset elections in 2019 , which was up from 6 seats in the 20th Knesset elections in 2015 . This is , so far , the best result of the party ever , making them the 4th-strongest party in the Knesset . According to The New York Times , UTJ is notable for its embrace of technology and electronic communication systems , including the Internet , in contrast to Haredi tradition ."}]}, {'value': 'Uri Maklev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Maklev', 'summary': 'Rabbi Yisrael Meir Uri Maklev is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for the Haredi party Degel HaTorah , which together with Agudat Yisrael forms the United Torah Judaism list .'}]}, {'value': 'Cohen resigned from the Knesset due to a rotation agreement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yossi Beilin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yossi_Beilin', 'summary': "Dr. Yosef Yossi Beilin is an Israeli politician and scholar who has served in multiple ministerial and leadership positions in the Israeli government . Much of his political career was in the Labour Party . He also served as chairman of the Meretz-Yachad political party . After retiring from political life , Beilin founded 'Beilink ' , a business consultancy company . He also writes opinion pieces in Israeli papers Haaretz and Israel Hayom . Beilin was a significant figure in the 1990s Israeli-Palestinian peace process . He participated in the back-channel negotiations that eventually led to the adoption of the 1993 Oslo Accords , a framework agreement to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict ."}]}, {'value': 'Meretz-Yachad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meretz-Yachad', 'summary': 'Meretz ( Hebrew : מֶרֶצ , lit . Vigour ) is a left-wing , social-democratic and green political party in Israel . The party was originally formed in 1992 with the union of Ratz , Mapam and Shinui , and was at its peak in the 13th Knesset between 1992 and 1996 , during which it held 12 seats . In the April 2019 elections , the party won four seats . In the September 2019 Israeli legislative election , the party ran as part of the Democratic Union alliance , which won five seats , three of them going to its Meretz component . Meretz is a secular party emphasising a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict , social justice , human rights ( especially for religious , ethnic and sexual minorities ) , religious freedom and environmentalism . The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and Socialist International , and is an observer member of the Party of European Socialists .'}]}, {'value': 'Tzvia Greenfeld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tzvia_Greenfeld', 'summary': 'Tzvia Greenfield ( Hebrew : צביה גרינפילד , born 1945 ) is an Israeli politician and a former Member of the Knesset for Meretz . She was the first Haredi women to be an MK .'}]}, {'value': 'Beilin retired from politics and left the Knesset on 4 November 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avraham Ravitz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avraham_Ravitz', 'summary': 'Avraham Ravitz ( Hebrew : אברהם רביץ , 13 January 1934 - 26 January 2009 ) was an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for Degel HaTorah , which forms part of the United Torah Judaism alliance .'}]}, {'value': 'United Torah Judaism', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism', 'summary': "United Torah Judaism ( Hebrew : יהדות התורה , Yahadut HaTora ) is an alliance of Agudat Yisrael , a Hasidic party , and Degel HaTorah , a Lithuanian Haredi party . Both are ultra-Orthodox political parties in the Israeli Knesset . It was first formed in 1992 . The two parties have not always agreed with each other about policy matters . However , over the years , they have co-operated and united as a voting bloc , in order to win the maximum number of seats in the Knesset , since many extra votes can be wasted if election thresholds are not attained under Israel 's proportional representation parliamentary system . When UTJ joined Ariel Sharon 's coalition in 2004 , it split into its two constituent factions of Degel HaTorah and Agudat Israel . Before the 2006 election , Degel HaTorah and Agudat Israel agreed to revive their alliance under the banner of United Torah Judaism to not waste votes , and to achieve maximum representation in the 17th Knesset . The party won 8 seats in the 21st Knesset elections in 2019 , which was up from 6 seats in the 20th Knesset elections in 2015 . This is , so far , the best result of the party ever , making them the 4th-strongest party in the Knesset . According to The New York Times , UTJ is notable for its embrace of technology and electronic communication systems , including the Internet , in contrast to Haredi tradition ."}]}, {'value': 'Yehoshua Menachem Pollack', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yehoshua_Menachem_Pollack', 'summary': 'Yehoshua Menachem Pollack ( Hebrew : יהושע מנחם פולק , born 1948 ) is an Israeli politician and a former member of the Knesset for Agudat Yisrael .'}]}, {'value': 'Ravitz died on 26 January 2009', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Knesset Members -- Replacements', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_members_of_the_seventeenth_Knesset_1', 'intro': 'The following is a list of the Members of the seventeenth Knesset, elected on 28 March 2006 and inaugurated 4 May 2006, and their replacements.'} | null | null | What date was the newest party founded ? | 24 November 2005 |
0b80d1459ee0ca23 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Super_Cup', 'title': 'UEFA Super Cup', 'header': ['Club', 'Winners', 'Runners-up', 'Years won', 'Years runners-up'], 'data': [{'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Barcelona', 'summary': "Futbol Club Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə ] ( listen ) ) , commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Barça ( [ ˈbaɾsə ] ) , is a Spanish professional football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , Spanish , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto Més que un club ( More than a club ) . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the fourth-most valuable sports team in the world , worth $ 4.06 billion , and the world 's richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of €840,8 million . The official Barcelona anthem is the Cant del Barça , written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs . Domestically , Barcelona has won a record 74 trophies ; 26 La Liga , 30 Copa del Rey , 13 Supercopa de España , 3 Copa Eva Duarte , and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies , as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions . In international club football , the club has won 20 European and worldwide titles ; 5 UEFA Champions League titles , a record 4 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , a joint record 5 UEFA Super Cup , a record 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup , and 3 FIFA Club World Cup . Barcelona was ranked first in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics Club World Ranking for 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid ; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico . Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world , and the club has one of the largest social media following in the world among sports teams . Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards ( 12 ) , with recipients including Johan Cruyff , as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards ( 7 ) , with winners including Ronaldo , Romário , Ronaldinho , and Rivaldo . In 2010 , three players who came through the club 's youth academy ( Lionel Messi , Andrés Iniesta , and Xavi ) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992 , 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , 2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1992 European Super Cup was played between Barcelona and Werder Bremen , with Barcelona winning 3-2 on aggregate .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1997_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1997 UEFA Super Cup was a two-legged football match played on 8 January 1998 and 11 March 1998 between Borussia Dortmund of Germany , winner of the 1996-97 UEFA Champions League and Barcelona of Spain , winner of the 1996-97 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup . Barcelona won the match 3-1 on aggregate , beating Borussia Dortmund 2-0 at Camp Nou in the first leg and drawing the second leg 1-1 in Westfalenstadion , Dortmund . This was the last Super Cup played over two legs . Since 1998 , it has been played as a single match at a neutral venue ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2009_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2009 UEFA Super Cup was the 34th UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match between the winners of the previous season 's UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions . The match was contested by 2008-09 UEFA Champions League winners , Barcelona , and 2008-09 UEFA Cup winners , Shakhtar Donetsk at the Stade Louis II in Monaco on 28 August 2009 , following the UEFA Champions League and Europa League draws at the Grimaldi Forum . This was the first meeting between the two sides since they met in Group C of the previous season 's Champions League competition ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2011_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2011 UEFA Super Cup was the 36th UEFA Super Cup , between the reigning champions of the two club competitions organised by the European football governing body UEFA : the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . It took place at the Stade Louis II in Monaco on 26 August 2011 . It was contested by the 2010-11 UEFA Champions League winners Barcelona of Spain and the 2010-11 UEFA Europa League winners Porto of Portugal . Barcelona won the title defeating Porto 2-0 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2015_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2015 UEFA Super Cup was a football match between Spanish teams Barcelona and Sevilla on 11 August 2015 at the Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena in Tbilisi , Georgia . It was the 40th UEFA Super Cup , an annual tournament contested by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League . Barcelona were appearing in the Super Cup for the ninth time , they had previously won and lost the competition four times each . Sevilla were appearing in the competition for the fourth time , they had won once and lost twice . The two sides had met before in the competition in 2006 , when Sevilla won 3-0 . The teams had qualified for the competition by winning the two seasonal European competitions . Barcelona won the 2014-15 UEFA Champions League , defeating Italian Juventus 3-1 in the final . Sevilla qualified as winners of the 2014-15 UEFA Europa League . They beat Ukrainian team Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk 3-2 in the final . Barcelona won the game 5-4 after extra time to claim their fifth Super Cup title , tying Milan 's record . Their ninth Super Cup appearance was also a record , two ahead of Milan . Dani Alves 's fourth Super Cup win and fifth appearance matched Paolo Maldini 's records , while Luis Enrique became the fourth man to lift the UEFA Super Cup as coach and player after Pep Guardiola , Carlo Ancelotti and Diego Simeone ."}]}, {'value': '1979 , 1982 , 1989 , 2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1979_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1979 European Super Cup was played between Nottingham Forest and Barcelona , with Nottingham Forest winning 2-1 on aggregate .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1982_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1982 European Super Cup was contested between the European Cup holders Aston Villa and the Cup Winners ' Cup holders Barcelona . The cup took place over two legs in January 1983 . The first leg was won by Barcelona 1-0 at the Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona , but Aston Villa won 3-0 at Villa Park after extra time to take a 3-1 aggregate win ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1989_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1989 European Super Cup was the 14th European Super Cup , an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season 's European Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup competitions . The 1989 Super Cup was played on a home-and-away basis , and was contested by Milan , winners of the 1988-89 European Cup , and Barcelona , who had won the 1988-89 European Cup Winners ' Cup . After a 1-1 draw in the first leg at the Camp Nou in Barcelona , Milan won 1-0 at home to secure a 2-1 aggregate win and their first Super Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2006_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2006 UEFA Super Cup was the 31st edition of the annual UEFA Super Cup , a UEFA-sponsored football club match that pitted the winners of the UEFA Champions League against the winners of the UEFA Cup . It took place at the Stade Louis II in Monaco , on 25 August 2006 , and featured two Spanish clubs : Barcelona , who won the 2005-06 UEFA Champions League , against Sevilla , who took the 2005-06 UEFA Cup title . Sevilla beat Barcelona by 3-0 and added its first UEFA Super Cup trophy to its maiden UEFA Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Milan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A.C._Milan', 'summary': "Associazione Calcio Milan ( Italian pronunciation : [ assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan ] ) , commonly referred to as A.C. Milan or simply Milan , is a professional football club in Milan , Italy , founded in 1899 . The club has spent its entire history , with the exception of the 1980-81 and 1982-83 seasons , in the top flight of Italian football , known as Serie A since 1929-30 . A.C. Milan 's 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies is the fourth highest out of any club ( joint with Boca Juniors ) , and the most out of any Italian club . Milan has won a joint record three Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup , seven European Cup/Champions League titles ( Italian record ) , the UEFA Super Cup a joint record five times and the Cup Winners ' Cup twice . With 18 league titles , Milan is also the joint-second most successful club in Serie A , along with local rivals Internazionale and behind Juventus ( 35 league titles ) . They have also won the Coppa Italia five times , and the Supercoppa Italiana seven . Milan 's home games are played at San Siro , also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . The stadium , which is shared with city rivals Internazionale , is the largest in Italian football , with a total capacity of 80,018 . Inter are considered their biggest rivals , and matches between the two teams are called Derby della Madonnina , which is one of the most followed derbies in football . The club is one of the wealthiest in Italian and world football . It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe 's leading football clubs as well as its replacement , the European Club Association ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 , 1990 , 1994 , 2003 , 2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1989 European Super Cup was the 14th European Super Cup , an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season 's European Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup competitions . The 1989 Super Cup was played on a home-and-away basis , and was contested by Milan , winners of the 1988-89 European Cup , and Barcelona , who had won the 1988-89 European Cup Winners ' Cup . After a 1-1 draw in the first leg at the Camp Nou in Barcelona , Milan won 1-0 at home to secure a 2-1 aggregate win and their first Super Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1990_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1990 European Super Cup was played between 1989-90 European Cup winners Milan and 1989-90 European Cup Winners ' Cup winners Sampdoria , with Milan winning 3-1 on aggregate . Milan chose to play their home leg away from their home city due to the poor condition of the turf at the San Siro Stadium , which had hosted several matches at the recent 1990 FIFA World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1994_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1994 European Super Cup was a football match played over two legs between Arsenal of England and Milan of Italy . It was the 20th staging of the European Super Cup , a fixture between the winners of the UEFA Champions League and European Cup Winners ' Cup . The first leg was played at Highbury , London on 1 February 1995 and at the San Siro , Milan a week later for the second leg . Milan won the Super Cup 2-0 on aggregate . The teams qualified for the competition by separately winning the 1993-94 UEFA Champions League and 1993-94 European Cup Winners ' Cup . Milan won the former , beating Barcelona 4-0 in the final . Arsenal qualified as winners of the Cup Winners ' Cup ; in the final of the competition they defeated Parma by a single goal . This was the first official meeting between both clubs in European football . Milan 's preparations for the Super Cup were blighted by the death of Vincenzo Spagnolo , a Genoa supporter who was stabbed on his way to watch the two teams play . Once news of his death had arrived , the match was abandoned and the Italian football calendar was suspended for a week . Milan and Arsenal paid respect to Spagnolo by observing a minute 's silence before the first leg . A crowd of 38,044 witnessed both clubs play out a goalless draw at Highbury ; the first leg marked the return of Paul Merson , who spent time away from football in order to seek treatment for various addictions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2003_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2003 UEFA Super Cup was played on 29 August 2003 between Milan of Italy and Porto of Portugal . Milan qualified by defeating Juventus in the 2003 UEFA Champions League Final , while Porto qualified by beating Celtic in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final . Milan won the match 1-0 . After the match , defeated Porto manager José Mourinho said , We leave here convinced we can go into the UEFA Champions League with the hope and certainty we can compete with any team . They finished the season as 2003-04 UEFA Champions League winners .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2007_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2007 UEFA Super Cup was the 32nd UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match between the winners of the previous season 's UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions . The match was held at the Stade Louis II in Monaco on 31 August 2007 and contested by Milan , who won the 2006-07 UEFA Champions League , and Sevilla , winners of the 2006-07 UEFA Cup . Sevilla were looking to become only the second team to defend the trophy in its history , the first being their opponents Milan , who had previously won the trophy four times . This was Milan 's seventh appearance in the Super Cup , putting them one ahead of the previous season 's runners-up , Barcelona . The death of Sevilla midfielder Antonio Puerta raised a possibility that the match would be cancelled , but the game was still played , and all players wore the name PUERTA on their shirt , below their number . Milan won the match 3-1 , with goals from Filippo Inzaghi , Marek Jankulovski and the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year , Kaká . All three of Milan 's goals came in the second half after Renato had put Sevilla 1-0 up after only 14 minutes . This was Milan 's fifth Super Cup title , a new record ."}]}, {'value': '1973 , 1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1973_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1973 European Super Cup was played between 1972-73 European Cup winners Ajax and 1972-73 European Cup Winners ' Cup winners Milan , with Ajax winning 6-1 on aggregate , making it the worst defeat for an Italian team in an UEFA competition final . Unlike future Super Cup matches , the 1973 edition took place at the start of the following calendar year rather than the start of the following season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1993_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1993 European Super Cup was contested between Milan ( the 1992-93 UEFA Champions League runners-up ) and Parma ( the 1992-93 European Cup Winners ' Cup champions ) . It was won by Parma , 2-1 on aggregate . The final was contested over two legs with a leg at each of the sides ' home grounds . The first leg took place at Ennio Tardini , Parma , on 12 January 1994 and ended 0-1 . The second leg took place at San Siro , Milan , on 2 February 1994 , where Parma won 2-0 after extra time ."}]}, {'value': 'Real Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_CF', 'summary': "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol ( Spanish pronunciation : [ reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol ] ( listen ) , meaning Royal Madrid Football Club ) , commonly referred to as Real Madrid , is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid . Founded on 6 March 1902 as Madrid Football Club , the club has traditionally worn a white home kit since inception . The word real is Spanish for royal and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem . The team has played its home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947 . Unlike most European sporting entities , Real Madrid 's members ( socios ) have owned and operated the club throughout its history . The club was estimated to be worth €3.8 billion ( $ 4.2 billion ) in 2019 , and it was the second highest-earning football club in the world , with an annual revenue of €757,3 million in 2019 . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world . Real Madrid is one of three founding members of La Liga that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929 , along with Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably El Clásico with Barcelona and El Derbi with Atlético Madrid . Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s , winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times . This success was replicated in the league , which the club won five times in the space of seven years . This team , which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano , Ferenc Puskás , Francisco Gento , and Raymond Kopa , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002 , 2014 , 2016 , 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2002 UEFA Super Cup was played on 30 August 2002 between Real Madrid of Spain and Feyenoord of the Netherlands . Real Madrid qualified by beating Bayer Leverkusen in the 2002 UEFA Champions League Final . Feyenoord had made it to the Super Cup after beating Borussia Dortmund in the 2002 UEFA Cup Final . Real Madrid won the match 3-1 , securing their first Super Cup win .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2014 UEFA Super Cup was the 39th edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured two Spanish teams Real Madrid and Sevilla , the winners of the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League and the 2013-14 UEFA Europa League respectively . It was played at the Cardiff City Stadium in Cardiff , Wales , on 12 August 2014 . The date was moved from Friday in late August in previous years , to mid-August starting this year , following the removal of the August international friendly date in the new FIFA International Match Calendar . Real Madrid won 2-0 to win their second UEFA Super Cup , with both goals by Cristiano Ronaldo . [ deprecated source ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2016 UEFA Super Cup was the 41st edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured Real Madrid , the winners of the 2015-16 UEFA Champions League , and Sevilla , the winners of the 2015-16 UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Lerkendal Stadion in Trondheim , Norway , on 9 August 2016 . Real Madrid won the match 3-2 after extra time for their third UEFA Super Cup title .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2017 UEFA Super Cup was the 42nd edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured Spanish side Real Madrid , the title holders and winners of the 2016-17 UEFA Champions League , and English side Manchester United , the winners of the 2016-17 UEFA Europa League . The match was played at the Philip II Arena in Skopje , Macedonia , on 8 August 2017 , and was the first UEFA final staged in the country . Real Madrid won the match 2-1 for their second consecutive and fourth overall UEFA Super Cup title .'}]}, {'value': '1998 , 2000 , 2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1998 UEFA Super Cup was a football match that was played on 28 August 1998 at Stade Louis II , Monaco , contested between Champions League winners Real Madrid and Cup Winners ' Cup holders Chelsea . Neither team had previously won the trophy . Chelsea won the match 1-0 with a late goal from Gus Poyet . This was the first Super Cup to be played as a one-off match at a neutral venue . Previously it was played over two legs , although on some occasions , only one match was played , due to special circumstances ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2000_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2000 UEFA Super Cup was a football match played on 25 August 2000 between Real Madrid of Spain and Galatasaray of Turkey . Real Madrid qualified by beating Valencia in the 2000 UEFA Champions League Final , while Galatasaray had made it to the Super Cup after beating Arsenal in the 2000 UEFA Cup Final . Galatasaray won the match 2-1 , both goals scored by Mário Jardel , the latter a golden goal . This was the first Super Cup contested by the winners of the UEFA Cup ( now the UEFA Europa League ) . Until 1999 , it was contested by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the winners of the UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , but the Cup Winners ' Cup was discontinued after the 1998-99 season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2018_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2018 UEFA Super Cup was the 43rd edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured two Spanish sides , Real Madrid , the winners of the 2017-18 UEFA Champions League and the defending champions having won the previous two editions , and Atlético Madrid , the winners of the 2017-18 UEFA Europa League . It was played at the A . Le Coq Arena in Tallinn , Estonia , on 15 August 2018 , and was the first European club final held in Estonia . In March 2018 , UEFA announced that a fourth substitution would be allowed in extra time and that the number of substitutes had been increased from 7 to 12 . The kick-off time was also changed from 20:45 CEST to 21:00 CEST . Atlético Madrid won the match 4-2 after extra time for their third UEFA Super Cup title .'}]}, {'value': 'Liverpool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liverpool_F.C.', 'summary': "Liverpool Football Club is a professional football club in Liverpool , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club has won six European Cups , more than any other English club , three UEFA Cups , four UEFA Super Cups ( both also English records ) , one FIFA Club World Cup , eighteen League titles , seven FA Cups , a record eight League Cups , fifteen FA Community Shields and one Football League Super Cup . Founded in 1892 , the club joined the Football League the following year and has played at Anfield since its formation . Liverpool established itself as a major force in English and European football in the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly , Bob Paisley , Joe Fagan and Kenny Dalglish led the club to a combined eleven League titles and four European Cups . Under the management of Rafael Benítez and captained by homegrown player Steven Gerrard , Liverpool became European champions for the fifth time in 2005 , before a sixth title was added under Jürgen Klopp in 2019 . Liverpool was the seventh highest-earning football club in the world in 2019 , with an annual revenue of €513.7 million , and the world 's eighth most valuable football club in 2019 , valued at $ 2.183 billion . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world . Liverpool has long-standing rivalries with Manchester United and Everton . The club 's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies : the Heysel Stadium disaster , where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall at the 1985 European Cup Final in Brussels , with 39 people - mostly Italians and Juventus fans - dying , after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition , and the Hillsborough disaster in 1989 , where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing . The team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since . Red has been the main shirt colour ever since 1896 . The club 's anthem is You 'll Never Walk Alone ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1977 , 2001 , 2005 , 2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1977_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1977 European Super Cup was an association football match played over two-legs between German team Hamburger SV and English team Liverpool . The first leg was played at the Volksparkstadion , Hamburg on 22 November 1977 and the second leg was played on 6 December 1977 at Anfield , Liverpool . It was the annual the European Super Cup contested between the winners of the European Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup . Both team were appearing in the competition for the first time . The teams qualified for the competition by winning the European Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup . Hamburg won the 1976-77 European Cup Winners ' Cup beating Belgian team Anderlecht 2-0 in the final . Liverpool qualified by winning the 1976-77 European Cup . They beat German team Borussia Mönchengladbach 3-1 in the final . Watched by a crowd of 16,000 at the Volksparkstadion , Hamburg took the lead in the first half of the first leg when Ferdinand Keller scored . A David Fairclough goal in the second half levelled the match at 1-1 , which remained the score when the match finished . A crowd of 34,391 saw Liverpool take the lead in the second leg when Phil Thompson scored in the 21st minute . A hat-trick from Terry McDermott and goal each from Kenny Dalglish and Fairclough secured a 6-0 win for Liverpool ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2001_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2001 UEFA Super Cup was a football match between German team Bayern Munich and English team Liverpool on 24 August 2001 at Stade Louis II , the annual UEFA Super Cup contested between the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup . Bayern were appearing in the Super Cup for the third time , their two previous appearances in 1975 and 1976 had ended in defeat . Liverpool were appearing in their fourth Super Cup , they won the competition in 1977 , and lost twice in 1978 and 1984 . The teams had qualified for the competition by winning the two seasonal European competitions . Both Bayern and Liverpool beat Spanish teams in the finals of the competitions . Bayern won the 2000-01 UEFA Champions League , defeating Valencia 5-4 in a penalty shoot-out after the match had finished 1-1 . Liverpool won the 2000-01 UEFA Cup , beating Alavés 5-4 . Watched by a crowd of 13,824 , Liverpool took the lead in the first half when John Arne Riise scored . Liverpool extended their lead before half-time when Emile Heskey scored . Liverpool scored immediately after the start of the second half to lead the match 3-0 after Michael Owen scored . Hasan Salihamidžić and Carsten Jancker scored in the second half , but Liverpool held out until the end of the match to win 3-2 , their second Super Cup win .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2005_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2005 UEFA Super Cup was an association football match between Liverpool of England and CSKA Moscow of Russia on 26 August 2005 at Stade Louis II , Monaco , the annual UEFA Super Cup contested between the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup . Liverpool were appearing in the Super Cup for the fifth time , having won the competition in 1977 and 2001 . CSKA Moscow were appearing in the Super Cup for the first time , the first Russian team to appear in the competition . The teams had qualified for the competition by winning the two seasonal European competitions . Liverpool won the 2004-05 UEFA Champions League , defeating Italian team A.C. Milan 3-2 in a penalty shootout after the match had finished 3-3 . CSKA Moscow won the 2004-05 UEFA Cup , beating Portuguese team Sporting CP 3-1 . Watched by a crowd of 17,042 , CSKA took the lead in the first half when Daniel Carvalho scored . Liverpool did not respond until the 82nd minute when substitute Djibril Cissé scored . The score remained 1-1 until the end of the 90 minutes to send the match into extra-time . Cissé scored again in the 103rd minute to give Liverpool the lead , which was later extended by Luis García . Liverpool held out until the end of extra-time to win the match 3-1 , their third Super Cup win .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2019_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 UEFA Super Cup was the 44th edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured two English sides , Liverpool , the winners of the 2018-19 UEFA Champions League , and Chelsea , the winners of the 2018-19 UEFA Europa League . The match was played at Vodafone Park in Istanbul , Turkey on 14 August 2019 . The match was the first all-English UEFA Super Cup , and the eighth overall Super Cup to feature two teams from the same country . For the first time , the video assistant referee ( VAR ) system was used in the competition . Liverpool won the match 5-4 on penalties following a 2-2 draw after extra time for their fourth UEFA Super Cup title . As winners , Liverpool were rewarded £4 million in prize money .'}]}, {'value': '1978 , 1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1978_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1978 European Super Cup was a football match played over two legs between Liverpool of England and Anderlecht of Belgium . The first leg was played at the Emile Versé Stadium , Brussels on 4 December 1978 and the second leg was played on 19 December 1978 at Anfield , Liverpool . It was the annual European Super Cup contested between the winners of the European Cup and the European Cup Winners ' Cup . Liverpool were the reigning champions , while Anderlecht were appearing in the competition for the second time after winning the 1976 edition . The teams qualified for the competition by winning the European Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup . Anderlecht won the 1977-78 European Cup Winners ' Cup beating Austrian team Austria Wien 4-0 in the final . Liverpool qualified by winning the 1977-78 European Cup . They beat Belgian team Club Brugge 1-0 in the final . Watched by a crowd of 35,000 at the Emile Versé Stadium , Anderlecht took an early lead in the first half of the first leg when Franky Vercauteren and François Van der Elst scored . Liverpool midfielder Jimmy Case scored in between the Anderlecht goals . Anderlecht extended their lead in the second half courtesy of a Rob Rensenbrink goal to secure a 3-1 victory . A crowd of 23,598 saw Liverpool take the lead in the second leg at Anfield , when Emlyn Hughes scored ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1984_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1984 European Super Cup was an association football match between Italian team Juventus and English team Liverpool , which took place on 16 January 1985 at the Stadio Comunale . The match was the annual European Super Cup contested between the winners of the European Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup . At the time , the European Super Cup was generally a two-legged fixture , but only the first leg ( in Turin ) was played , due to fixture congestion . Juventus were appearing in the Super Cup for the first time . Liverpool were appearing in the competition for the third time , they had won the competition in 1977 , and lost in 1978 to Belgian team Anderlecht . Juventus won the 1983-84 European Cup Winners ' Cup , beating Portuguese team Porto 2-1 in the final . Liverpool qualified by winning the 1983-84 European Cup . They beat Italian team Roma 4-2 in a penalty shootout after the final had finished 1-1 . Watched by a crowd of 55,384 , Juventus took the lead in the first half when Zbigniew Boniek scored in the 39th minute . Boniek scored again in the second half to give Juventus a 2-0 lead which they held on to until the end of the match to win their first Super Cup . The two clubs met later in the season in the 1985 European Cup Final , which resulted in the death of 39 spectators due to a disaster that occurred prior to kick-off . Juventus won the match 1-0 ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlético Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlético_Madrid', 'summary': "Club Atlético de Madrid ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkluβ aˈtletiko ðe maˈðɾið ] ; meaning Athletic Club of Madrid ) , commonly referred to as Atlético de Madrid or simply as Atlético or Atleti , is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid , that play in La Liga . The club play their home games at the Metropolitano Stadium , which has a capacity of 68,456 . In terms of league titles won , Atlético Madrid are the third most successful club in Spanish football - behind Real Madrid and Barcelona . Atlético have won La Liga on 10 occasions , including a league and cup double in 1996 ; the Copa del Rey on 10 occasions ; two Supercopas de España and one Copa Eva Duarte ; in Europe , they won the European Cup Winners ' Cup in 1962 , were runners-up in 1963 and 1986 , were Champions League runners-up in 1974 , 2014 and 2016 , won the Europa League in 2010 , 2012 and 2018 , and won the UEFA Super Cup in 2010 , 2012 and 2018 as well as the 1974 Intercontinental Cup . Atlético 's home kit is red and white vertical striped shirts , with blue shorts , and blue and red socks . This combination has been used since 1911 . Throughout their history the club has been known by a number of nicknames , including Los Colchoneros ( The Mattress Makers ) , due to their first team stripes being the same colours as traditional mattresses . During the 1970s , they became known as Los Indios , which some attribute to the club 's signing several South American players after the restrictions on signing foreign players were lifted . However , there are a number of alternative theories which claim they were named so because their stadium is camped on the river bank , or because Los Indios ( The Indians ) were the traditional enemy of Los Blancos ( The Whites ) , which is the nickname of the club 's city rivals , Real Madrid . Felipe VI , the king of Spain , has been the honorary president of the club since 2003 . The club co-owned the Indian Super League franchise in Kolkata , formerly named Atlético de Kolkata , which won the competition twice , but in 2017 Atlético decided to end its franchise partnership with the ISL club due to broken commitments . Atlético also co-owns Liga MX club Atlético San Luis , and the Canadian Premier League side Atlético Ottawa ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 , 2012 , 2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2010 UEFA Super Cup was the 35th UEFA Super Cup , between the reigning champions of the two club competitions organised by the European football governing body UEFA : the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . It took place at the Stade Louis II in Monaco on 27 August 2010 . It was contested by Internazionale , who won the 2009-10 UEFA Champions League , and Atlético Madrid , who won the 2009-10 UEFA Europa League . Neither side had previously competed in the UEFA Super Cup . As part of a trial that started in the 2009-10 UEFA Europa League , two extra officials - one on each goal line - were used in this match .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2012_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2012 UEFA Super Cup was the 37th UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Stade Louis II in Monaco on 31 August 2012 , between the 2011-12 UEFA Champions League winners Chelsea of England and the 2011-12 UEFA Europa League winners Atlético Madrid of Spain . This was the last Super Cup to be played at the Stade Louis II , which has hosted the match since 1998 , as future editions will be hosted at different venues , starting from the 2013 edition , which will be played at Eden Arena in Prague . Atlético Madrid defeated Chelsea 4-1 , winning their second UEFA Super Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2018_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2018 UEFA Super Cup was the 43rd edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured two Spanish sides , Real Madrid , the winners of the 2017-18 UEFA Champions League and the defending champions having won the previous two editions , and Atlético Madrid , the winners of the 2017-18 UEFA Europa League . It was played at the A . Le Coq Arena in Tallinn , Estonia , on 15 August 2018 , and was the first European club final held in Estonia . In March 2018 , UEFA announced that a fourth substitution would be allowed in extra time and that the number of substitutes had been increased from 7 to 12 . The kick-off time was also changed from 20:45 CEST to 21:00 CEST . Atlético Madrid won the match 4-2 after extra time for their third UEFA Super Cup title .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ajax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AFC_Ajax', 'summary': "Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈaːjɑks ] ) , also known as AFC Ajax , Ajax Amsterdam , or simply Ajax , is a Dutch professional football club based in Amsterdam , that plays in the Eredivisie , the top tier in Dutch football . Historically , Ajax ( named after the legendary Greek hero ) has been the most successful club in the Netherlands , with 34 Eredivisie titles and 19 KNVB Cups . It has continuously played in the Eredivisie , since the league 's inception in 1956 and , along with Feyenoord and PSV Eindhoven , it is one of the country 's big three clubs that have dominated that competition . Ajax has historically been one of the most successful clubs in the world . According to the IFFHS , Ajax were the seventh-most successful European club of the 20th century and The World 's Club Team of the Year in 1992 . According to German magazine Kicker , Ajax were the second-most successful European club of the 20th century . The club is one of the five teams that has earned the right to keep the European Cup and to wear a multiple-winner badge ; they won consecutively in 1971-1973 . In 1972 , they completed the continental treble by winning the Eredivisie , KNVB Cup , and the European Cup . It also won the first organized UEFA Super Cup in 1972 against Glasgow Rangers ( played in 1973 ) . Ajax 's last international trophies were the 1995 Intercontinental Cup , 1995 UEFA Super Cup and the 1995 Champions League , where they defeated Milan in the final ; they lost the 1996 Champions League final on penalties to Juventus . In 1995 , Ajax was crowned as World Team of the Year by World Soccer magazine . Ajax is also one of four teams to win the continental treble and the Intercontinental Cup or Club World Cup in the same season/calendar year ; This was achieved in the 1971-72 season ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973 , 1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1973_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1973 European Super Cup was played between 1972-73 European Cup winners Ajax and 1972-73 European Cup Winners ' Cup winners Milan , with Ajax winning 6-1 on aggregate , making it the worst defeat for an Italian team in an UEFA competition final . Unlike future Super Cup matches , the 1973 edition took place at the start of the following calendar year rather than the start of the following season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1995_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1995 UEFA Super Cup was a two-legged match contested between the UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup holders Zaragoza and the UEFA Champions League holders Ajax . The cup was played later than usual , the two legs taking place in February 1996 . The first leg was drawn 1-1 at the La Romareda stadium in Zaragoza . The second leg was won 4-0 by Ajax at the Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam . Ajax won 5-1 on aggregate ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1987 UEFA Super Cup was played between Porto and Ajax , with Porto winning 2-0 .'}]}, {'value': 'Anderlecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R.S.C._Anderlecht', 'summary': 'Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht , usually known as Anderlecht ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈɑndərlɛxt ] , French : [ ɑ̃dəʁlɛkt ] , German : [ ˈandɐlɛçt ] ) or RSCA ( Dutch : [ ˌɛrɛseːˈjaː , -seːˈʔaː ] , French : [ ɛʁɛsse.ɑ ] , German : [ ˌɛɐ̯ʔɛs.tseːˈʔaː ] ) , is a Belgian professional football club based in Anderlecht , Brussels Capital-Region . Anderlecht plays in the Belgian First Division A and is the most successful Belgian football team in European competitions , with five trophies , as well as in the Belgian domestic league , with 34 championship wins . They have also won nine Belgian Cups and hold the record for most consecutive Belgian championship titles , winning five between the 1963-64 and 1967-68 seasons . Founded in 1908 , the club first reached the highest level in Belgian football in 1921-22 and have been playing in the first division continuously since 1935-36 and in Europe since 1964-65 . They won their first major trophy after World War II with a championship win in 1946-47 . Since then , they have never finished outside the top six of the Belgian first division . They are ranked 14th amongst all-time UEFA club competition winners , tenth in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics continental Clubs of the 20th Century European ranking and were 41st in the 2012 UEFA team rankings . In 1986 , they achieved their best UEFA ranking with a joint first place with Juventus . Anderlecht have been playing their matches in the Astrid Park in the municipality of Anderlecht since 1917 . Their current stadium , Constant Vanden Stock Stadium , was first opened in 1983 , and replaced the former Emile Versé Stadium . They play in purple and white outfits . They have long-standing rivalries with Club Brugge and Standard Liège .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 , 1978', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1976 European Super Cup was played between RSC Anderlecht of Belgium and Bayern Munich of West Germany , with Anderlecht winning 5-3 on aggregate .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1978_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1978 European Super Cup was a football match played over two legs between Liverpool of England and Anderlecht of Belgium . The first leg was played at the Emile Versé Stadium , Brussels on 4 December 1978 and the second leg was played on 19 December 1978 at Anfield , Liverpool . It was the annual European Super Cup contested between the winners of the European Cup and the European Cup Winners ' Cup . Liverpool were the reigning champions , while Anderlecht were appearing in the competition for the second time after winning the 1976 edition . The teams qualified for the competition by winning the European Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup . Anderlecht won the 1977-78 European Cup Winners ' Cup beating Austrian team Austria Wien 4-0 in the final . Liverpool qualified by winning the 1977-78 European Cup . They beat Belgian team Club Brugge 1-0 in the final . Watched by a crowd of 35,000 at the Emile Versé Stadium , Anderlecht took an early lead in the first half of the first leg when Franky Vercauteren and François Van der Elst scored . Liverpool midfielder Jimmy Case scored in between the Anderlecht goals . Anderlecht extended their lead in the second half courtesy of a Rob Rensenbrink goal to secure a 3-1 victory . A crowd of 23,598 saw Liverpool take the lead in the second leg at Anfield , when Emlyn Hughes scored ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valencia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valencia_CF', 'summary': "Valencia Club de Fútbol ( Spanish : [ baˈlenθja ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol ] , Valencian : València Club de Futbol [ vaˈlensia ˈklub de fubˈbɔl ] ) , commonly referred to as Valencia CF or simply Valencia , is a Spanish professional football club based in Valencia . They play in La Liga . Valencia have won six La Liga titles , eight Copa del Rey titles , one Supercopa de España and one Copa Eva Duarte . In European competitions , they 've won two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups ( the predecessor to the UEFA Cup ) , one UEFA Cup , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , two UEFA Super Cups and one UEFA Intertoto Cup . They also reached two UEFA Champions League finals in a row , losing to La Liga rivals Real Madrid in 2000 and German club Bayern Munich on penalties after a 1-1 draw in 2001 . Valencia were also members of the G-14 group of leading European football clubs and since its end has been part of the original members of the European Club Association . In total , Valencia have reached seven major European finals , winning four of them . Valencia were founded in 1919 and have played their home games at the 55,000-seater Mestalla since 1923 . They were due to move into the new 75,000-seater Nou Mestalla in the northwest of the city in 2013 , but the final move date has been postponed while the stadium remains under construction . Valencia is the third-most supported football club in Spain , behind heavyweights Real Madrid and Barcelona . It is also one of the biggest clubs in the world in terms of number of associates ( registered paying supporters ) , with more than 50,000 season ticket holders and another 20,000+ season ticket holders on the waiting list , who can be accommodated in the new 75,000-seater stadium . Over the years , the club has achieved a global reputation for their prolific youth academy , or Acàdemia ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980 , 2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1980 European Super Cup was played between Nottingham Forest and Valencia , with Valencia winning on the away goals rule . Forest won the home leg 2-1 , with both goals coming from Ian Bowyer . They however lost the second leg 1-0 . This was the only occasion that the Super Cup was decided using the away goals rule .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2004_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2004 UEFA Super Cup was an association football match between Porto of Portugal and Valencia of Spain on 27 August 2004 , held at the Stade Louis II in Monaco . The match was the 29th annual UEFA Super Cup contested between the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup . Porto were appearing in the Super Cup for the third time ; they won the competition in 1987 and lost in 2003 . Valencia were appearing in the competition for the second time ; their previous appearance in 1980 resulted in a victory . The teams had qualified for the Super Cup match by winning the two seasonal European competitions . Porto had qualified by winning the 2003-04 UEFA Champions League , they defeated French team AS Monaco 3-0 in the final . Valencia won the 2003-04 UEFA Cup , beating French team , Marseille 2-0 . Watched by a crowd of 17,292 , Valencia took the lead in the first half when Rubén Baraja scored . They extended their lead in the second half when Marco Di Vaio scored in the 67th minute to give them a 2-0 lead . Porto scored in the 78th minute courtesy of Ricardo Quaresma , but they were unable to score the second goal they needed to level the game . As a result , Valencia won the match 2-1 to win their second Super Cup .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juventus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juventus_F.C.', 'summary': "Juventus Football Club ( from Latin : iuventūs , youth ; Italian pronunciation : [ juˈvɛntus ] ) , colloquially known as Juve ( pronounced [ ˈjuːve ] ) , is an Italian professional association football club based in Turin , Piedmont . Founded in 1897 by a group of Torinese students , the club has worn a black and white striped home kit since 1903 and has played home matches in different grounds around its city , the latest being the 41,507-capacity Juventus Stadium . Nicknamed Vecchia Signora ( the Old Lady ) , the club has won 35 official league titles , 13 Coppa Italia titles and eight Supercoppa Italiana titles , being the record holder for all these competitions ; two Intercontinental Cups , two European Cups / UEFA Champions Leagues , one European Cup Winners ' Cup , a joint national record of three UEFA Cups , two UEFA Super Cups and a joint national record of one UEFA Intertoto Cup . Consequently , the side leads the historical Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio ( FIGC ) ranking [ a ] whilst on the international stage occupies the 5th position in Europe and the eleventh in the world for most confederation titles won with eleven trophies , having led the UEFA ranking during seven seasons since its inception in 1979 , the most for an Italian team and joint second overall . Founded with the name of Sport-Club Juventus , initially as an athletics club , it is the second oldest of its kind still active in the country after Genoa 's football section ( 1893 ) and has competed uninterruptedly in the top flight league ( reformulated as Serie A from 1929 ) since its debut in 1900 after changing its name to Foot-Ball Club Juventus , with the exception of the 2006-07 season , being managed by the industrial Agnelli family almost continuously since 1923 . [ b ] The relationship between the club and that dynasty is the oldest and longest in national sports , making Juventus the first professional sporting club ante litteram in the country , having established itself as a major force in the national stage since the 1930s and at confederation level since the mid-1970s and becoming one of the first ten wealthiest in world football in terms of value , revenue and profit since the mid-1990s , being listed on the Borsa italiana since 2001 . Under the management of Giovanni Trapattoni , the club won 13 trophies in the ten years before 1986 , including six league titles and five international titles , and became the first to win all three seasonal competitions organised by the Union of European Football Associations : the 1976-77 UEFA Cup ( first Southern European side to do so ) , the 1983-84 Cup Winners ' Cup and the 1984-85 European Champions ' Cup . With successive triumphs in the 1984 European Super Cup and 1985 Intercontinental Cup , it became the first and thus far only in the world to complete a clean sweep of all confederation trophies ; an achievement that they revalidated with the title won in the 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup after another successful era led by Marcello Lippi , becoming in addition the only professional Italian club to have won every ongoing honour available to the first team and organised by a national or international football association . In December 2000 , Juventus was ranked seventh in the FIFA 's historic ranking of the best clubs in the world and nine years later was ranked second best club in Europe during the 20th Century based on a statistical study series by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics ( IFFHS ) , the highest for an Italian club in both . The club 's fan base is the largest at national level and one of the largest worldwide . Unlike most European sporting supporters ' groups , which are often concentrated around their own club 's city of origin , it is widespread throughout the whole country and the Italian diaspora , making Juventus a symbol of anticampanilismo ( anti-parochialism ) and italianità ( Italianness ) . Juventus players have won eight Ballon d'Or awards , four of these in consecutive years ( 1982-1985 , an overall record ) , among these the first player representing Serie A , Omar Sívori , as well as Michel Platini and three of the five recipients with Italian nationality as the former member of the youth sector Paolo Rossi ; they have also won four FIFA World Player of the Year awards , with winners as Roberto Baggio and Zinédine Zidane , a national record and third and joint second highest overall , respectively , in the cited prizes ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984 , 1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1984 European Super Cup was an association football match between Italian team Juventus and English team Liverpool , which took place on 16 January 1985 at the Stadio Comunale . The match was the annual European Super Cup contested between the winners of the European Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup . At the time , the European Super Cup was generally a two-legged fixture , but only the first leg ( in Turin ) was played , due to fixture congestion . Juventus were appearing in the Super Cup for the first time . Liverpool were appearing in the competition for the third time , they had won the competition in 1977 , and lost in 1978 to Belgian team Anderlecht . Juventus won the 1983-84 European Cup Winners ' Cup , beating Portuguese team Porto 2-1 in the final . Liverpool qualified by winning the 1983-84 European Cup . They beat Italian team Roma 4-2 in a penalty shootout after the final had finished 1-1 . Watched by a crowd of 55,384 , Juventus took the lead in the first half when Zbigniew Boniek scored in the 39th minute . Boniek scored again in the second half to give Juventus a 2-0 lead which they held on to until the end of the match to win their first Super Cup . The two clubs met later in the season in the 1985 European Cup Final , which resulted in the death of 39 spectators due to a disaster that occurred prior to kick-off . Juventus won the match 1-0 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1996_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1996 UEFA Super Cup was a two-legged match that took place on 15 January 1997 and 5 February 1997 between Paris Saint-Germain of France , champions of the 1995-96 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup and Juventus of Italy as winners of the 1995-96 UEFA Champions League . Juventus won the tie 9-2 on aggregate ( record in the history of the cup ) , humiliating PSG at the Parc des Princes 6-1 , with goals from Sergio Porrini , Michele Padovano , Ciro Ferrara , Attilio Lombardo and Nicola Amoruso in the first leg ( also a record ) and winning the second leg 3-1 at Stadio La Favorita in Palermo after goals from Alessandro Del Piero and Christian Vieri . As in the 1994-95 UEFA Cup , Juventus chose to play their home leg away from Turin due to poor attendances at the Stadio delle Alpi , in contrast to the big crowds they attracted playing in other cities ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sevilla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sevilla_FC', 'summary': "Sevilla Fútbol Club ( Spanish pronunciation : [ seˈβiʎa ˈfuðβol ˈkluβ ] ) , commonly referred to as Sevilla , is a professional football club based in Seville , the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia , Spain . It plays in Spanish football 's top flight , La Liga . It is Spain 's oldest sporting club solely devoted to football . The club was formed on 25 January 1890 , with the Scottish born Edward Farquharson Johnston as their first president . On 14 October 1905 , the club 's articles of association were registered in the Civil Government of Seville under the presidency of the Jerez-born José Luis Gallegos Arnosa . Sevilla FC is also the most successful club in Andalusia , winning a national league title in 1945-46 , five Spanish Cups ( 1935 , 1939 , 1948 , 2007 and 2010 ) , one Spanish Super Cup ( 2007 ) , a record five UEFA Cups/UEFA Europa Leagues ( 2006 , 2007 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 ) and the 2006 UEFA Super Cup . They were also designated by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics as the World 's best club in 2006 and 2007 , thus being the first club to achieve this distinction in two consecutive years . Its youth team Sevilla Atlético , founded in 1958 , currently play in Segunda División B . The club are affiliated to a side in Puerto Rico of the same name . Other clubs related to Sevilla FC include their women 's team , futsal team and former Superleague Formula team . The Club 's home ground is the 43,883-seat Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium . It is located in the neighborhood of Nervión , Seville and owes its name to Ramón Sánchez Pizjuan , who was Sevilla FC 's President for 17 years ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2006 UEFA Super Cup was the 31st edition of the annual UEFA Super Cup , a UEFA-sponsored football club match that pitted the winners of the UEFA Champions League against the winners of the UEFA Cup . It took place at the Stade Louis II in Monaco , on 25 August 2006 , and featured two Spanish clubs : Barcelona , who won the 2005-06 UEFA Champions League , against Sevilla , who took the 2005-06 UEFA Cup title . Sevilla beat Barcelona by 3-0 and added its first UEFA Super Cup trophy to its maiden UEFA Cup .'}]}, {'value': '2007 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2007 UEFA Super Cup was the 32nd UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match between the winners of the previous season 's UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions . The match was held at the Stade Louis II in Monaco on 31 August 2007 and contested by Milan , who won the 2006-07 UEFA Champions League , and Sevilla , winners of the 2006-07 UEFA Cup . Sevilla were looking to become only the second team to defend the trophy in its history , the first being their opponents Milan , who had previously won the trophy four times . This was Milan 's seventh appearance in the Super Cup , putting them one ahead of the previous season 's runners-up , Barcelona . The death of Sevilla midfielder Antonio Puerta raised a possibility that the match would be cancelled , but the game was still played , and all players wore the name PUERTA on their shirt , below their number . Milan won the match 3-1 , with goals from Filippo Inzaghi , Marek Jankulovski and the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year , Kaká . All three of Milan 's goals came in the second half after Renato had put Sevilla 1-0 up after only 14 minutes . This was Milan 's fifth Super Cup title , a new record ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2014 UEFA Super Cup was the 39th edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured two Spanish teams Real Madrid and Sevilla , the winners of the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League and the 2013-14 UEFA Europa League respectively . It was played at the Cardiff City Stadium in Cardiff , Wales , on 12 August 2014 . The date was moved from Friday in late August in previous years , to mid-August starting this year , following the removal of the August international friendly date in the new FIFA International Match Calendar . Real Madrid won 2-0 to win their second UEFA Super Cup , with both goals by Cristiano Ronaldo . [ deprecated source ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/2015_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2015 UEFA Super Cup was a football match between Spanish teams Barcelona and Sevilla on 11 August 2015 at the Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena in Tbilisi , Georgia . It was the 40th UEFA Super Cup , an annual tournament contested by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League . Barcelona were appearing in the Super Cup for the ninth time , they had previously won and lost the competition four times each . Sevilla were appearing in the competition for the fourth time , they had won once and lost twice . The two sides had met before in the competition in 2006 , when Sevilla won 3-0 . The teams had qualified for the competition by winning the two seasonal European competitions . Barcelona won the 2014-15 UEFA Champions League , defeating Italian Juventus 3-1 in the final . Sevilla qualified as winners of the 2014-15 UEFA Europa League . They beat Ukrainian team Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk 3-2 in the final . Barcelona won the game 5-4 after extra time to claim their fifth Super Cup title , tying Milan 's record . Their ninth Super Cup appearance was also a record , two ahead of Milan . Dani Alves 's fourth Super Cup win and fifth appearance matched Paolo Maldini 's records , while Luis Enrique became the fourth man to lift the UEFA Super Cup as coach and player after Pep Guardiola , Carlo Ancelotti and Diego Simeone ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2016 UEFA Super Cup was the 41st edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured Real Madrid , the winners of the 2015-16 UEFA Champions League , and Sevilla , the winners of the 2015-16 UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Lerkendal Stadion in Trondheim , Norway , on 9 August 2016 . Real Madrid won the match 3-2 after extra time for their third UEFA Super Cup title .'}]}, {'value': 'Porto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Porto', 'summary': "Futebol Clube do Porto , MHIH , OM ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ futɨˈβɔl ˈkluβ ( ɨ ) ðu ˈpoɾtu ] ) , commonly known as FC Porto or simply Porto , is a Portuguese professional sports club based in Porto . It is best known for the professional football team playing in the Primeira Liga , the top flight of Portuguese football , Founded on 28 September 1893 , Porto is one of the Big Three ( Portuguese : Os Três Grandes ) teams in Portugal - together with Lisbon-based rivals Benfica and Sporting CP - that have appeared in every season of the Primeira Liga since its establishment in 1934 . They are nicknamed Dragões ( Dragons ) , for the mythical creature atop the club 's crest , and Azuis e brancos ( Blue-and-whites ) , for the shirt colours . The club supporters are called Portistas . Since 2003 , Porto have played their home matches at the Estádio do Dragão , which replaced the previous 103-year-old ground , the Estádio das Antas . Porto is the second most decorated team in Portugal , with 76 major trophies , of which 69 were achieved in domestic competitions . These comprise 28 Primeira Liga titles ( five of which were won consecutively between 1994-95 and 1998-99 , a Portuguese football record ) , 16 Taça de Portugal , 4 Campeonato de Portugal , and a record 21 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira . Porto is the second team in Portuguese league history to have won two titles without any defeat , namely in the 2010-11 and 2012-13 seasons . In the former , Porto achieved the largest-ever difference of points between champion and runner-up in a three-points-per-win system ( 21 points ) , on their way to a second quadruple . In international competitions , Porto is the most decorated Portuguese team , with seven trophies . They won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League in 1987 and 2004 , the UEFA Cup/Europa League in 2003 and 2011 , the UEFA Super Cup in 1987 , and the Intercontinental Cup in 1987 and 2004 . In addition , they were runners-up in the 1983-84 European Cup Winners ' Cup and in the 2003 , 2004 and 2011 editions of the UEFA Super Cup ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1987 UEFA Super Cup was played between Porto and Ajax , with Porto winning 2-0 .'}]}, {'value': '2003 , 2004 , 2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2003 UEFA Super Cup was played on 29 August 2003 between Milan of Italy and Porto of Portugal . Milan qualified by defeating Juventus in the 2003 UEFA Champions League Final , while Porto qualified by beating Celtic in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final . Milan won the match 1-0 . After the match , defeated Porto manager José Mourinho said , We leave here convinced we can go into the UEFA Champions League with the hope and certainty we can compete with any team . They finished the season as 2003-04 UEFA Champions League winners .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2004_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2004 UEFA Super Cup was an association football match between Porto of Portugal and Valencia of Spain on 27 August 2004 , held at the Stade Louis II in Monaco . The match was the 29th annual UEFA Super Cup contested between the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup . Porto were appearing in the Super Cup for the third time ; they won the competition in 1987 and lost in 2003 . Valencia were appearing in the competition for the second time ; their previous appearance in 1980 resulted in a victory . The teams had qualified for the Super Cup match by winning the two seasonal European competitions . Porto had qualified by winning the 2003-04 UEFA Champions League , they defeated French team AS Monaco 3-0 in the final . Valencia won the 2003-04 UEFA Cup , beating French team , Marseille 2-0 . Watched by a crowd of 17,292 , Valencia took the lead in the first half when Rubén Baraja scored . They extended their lead in the second half when Marco Di Vaio scored in the 67th minute to give them a 2-0 lead . Porto scored in the 78th minute courtesy of Ricardo Quaresma , but they were unable to score the second goal they needed to level the game . As a result , Valencia won the match 2-1 to win their second Super Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2011_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2011 UEFA Super Cup was the 36th UEFA Super Cup , between the reigning champions of the two club competitions organised by the European football governing body UEFA : the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . It took place at the Stade Louis II in Monaco on 26 August 2011 . It was contested by the 2010-11 UEFA Champions League winners Barcelona of Spain and the 2010-11 UEFA Europa League winners Porto of Portugal . Barcelona won the title defeating Porto 2-0 .'}]}, {'value': 'Manchester United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C.', 'summary': "Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Nicknamed the Red Devils , the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 , changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium , Old Trafford , in 1910 . Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football , with a record 20 League titles , 12 FA Cups , five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields . United have also won three UEFA Champions Leagues , one UEFA Europa League , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . In 1998-99 , the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the continental European treble . By winning the UEFA Europa League in 2016-17 , they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions . The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players . In 1968 , under the management of Matt Busby , Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup . Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager , including 13 Premier League titles , 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues , between 1986 and 2013 , when he announced his retirement . Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2016-17 , with an annual revenue of €676.3 million , and the world 's third most valuable football club in 2019 , valued at £3.15 billion ( $ 3.81 billion ) . As of June 2015 , it is the world 's most valuable football brand , estimated to be worth $ 1.2 billion . After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 , the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost £800 million , after which the company was taken private again , before going public once more in August 2012 , when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1991 European Super Cup was the 16th UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season 's European Cup and Cup Winners ' Cup competitions . The match was played on 19 November 1991 and featured the 1990-91 European Cup winners , Red Star Belgrade , and Manchester United , winners of the 1990-91 Cup Winners ' Cup . It was meant to be played over two legs , but due to the political unrest in Yugoslavia at the time , UEFA decided that only the Old Trafford leg would be played . Manchester United won the match 1-0 , with Brian McClair scoring the winning goal in the 67th minute ."}]}, {'value': '1999 , 2008 , 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1999_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1999 UEFA Super Cup was a football match played on 27 August 1999 between the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League winners , Manchester United , and Lazio , winners of the 1998-99 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup . Against the odds , Lazio won the match 1-0 , the winning goal coming from Chilean striker Marcelo Salas in the 35th minute . The match was played at a neutral venue , the Stade Louis II in Monaco , in front of 14,461 spectators . This was the last Super Cup contested by the winners of the UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , as the tournament was discontinued after the 1998-99 season . Since 2000 , it has been contested by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the winners of the UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2008_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2008 UEFA Super Cup was the 33rd UEFA Super Cup , a football match played between the winners of the previous season 's UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions . The 2008 competition was contested by Manchester United of England , who won the 2007-08 UEFA Champions League , and Zenit Saint Petersburg of Russia , the winners of the 2007-08 UEFA Cup . The match was played on 29 August 2008 at the Stade Louis II in Monaco . Zenit won the match 2-1 , Pavel Pogrebnyak scoring just before half-time , before Danny doubled the Russians ' lead just before the hour mark . Nemanja Vidić reduced the deficit to one goal in the 73rd minute , but it was not enough to wrest the trophy from Zenit 's grasp , as they became the first Russian team to win the competition . The sending-off of Paul Scholes for handball in the 90th minute resulted in him missing Manchester United 's opening game in their defence of the Champions League , a home tie against Villarreal . This was Zenit 's first appearance in the competition , while Manchester United had appeared twice before , in 1991 and 1999 ; their first appearance finished in a 1-0 win over Red Star Belgrade , while their most recent appearance was a 1-0 loss to Lazio , the last winners of the UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup to compete in the UEFA Super Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2017 UEFA Super Cup was the 42nd edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured Spanish side Real Madrid , the title holders and winners of the 2016-17 UEFA Champions League , and English side Manchester United , the winners of the 2016-17 UEFA Europa League . The match was played at the Philip II Arena in Skopje , Macedonia , on 8 August 2017 , and was the first UEFA final staged in the country . Real Madrid won the match 2-1 for their second consecutive and fourth overall UEFA Super Cup title .'}]}, {'value': 'Chelsea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chelsea_F.C.', 'summary': "Chelsea Football Club are an English professional football club based in Fulham , London . Founded in 1905 , they compete in the Premier League , the top division of English football . Chelsea are among England 's most successful clubs ; they have been league champions six times and won over thirty competitive honours , including six European trophies . Their home ground is Stamford Bridge . Chelsea won their first major honour , the League Championship , in 1955 . They won the FA Cup for the first time in 1970 and their first European honour , the UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , in 1971 . After a period of decline in the late 1970s and 1980s , the club enjoyed a revival in the 1990s and had more success in cup competitions . The past two decades have been the most successful in Chelsea 's history : they won five of their six league titles and the UEFA Champions League during this period . Chelsea are one of five clubs to have won all three of UEFA 's main club competitions , and the only London club to have won the Champions League . Chelsea 's home kit colours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks . The club 's crest features a ceremonial lion rampant regardant holding a staff . The club have rivalries with neighbouring teams Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur , and a historic rivalry with Leeds United ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1998 UEFA Super Cup was a football match that was played on 28 August 1998 at Stade Louis II , Monaco , contested between Champions League winners Real Madrid and Cup Winners ' Cup holders Chelsea . Neither team had previously won the trophy . Chelsea won the match 1-0 with a late goal from Gus Poyet . This was the first Super Cup to be played as a one-off match at a neutral venue . Previously it was played over two legs , although on some occasions , only one match was played , due to special circumstances ."}]}, {'value': '2012 , 2013 , 2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2012 UEFA Super Cup was the 37th UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Stade Louis II in Monaco on 31 August 2012 , between the 2011-12 UEFA Champions League winners Chelsea of England and the 2011-12 UEFA Europa League winners Atlético Madrid of Spain . This was the last Super Cup to be played at the Stade Louis II , which has hosted the match since 1998 , as future editions will be hosted at different venues , starting from the 2013 edition , which will be played at Eden Arena in Prague . Atlético Madrid defeated Chelsea 4-1 , winning their second UEFA Super Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2013 UEFA Super Cup was the 38th UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . In a repeat of the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final , the match featured Bayern Munich , the winners of the 2012-13 UEFA Champions League , and Chelsea , the winners of the 2012-13 UEFA Europa League . Having beaten Bayern in the 2012 Champions League Final , it was Chelsea 's second consecutive appearance in the Super Cup . It was played at the Eden Arena in Prague , Czech Republic , on 30 August 2013 , and was the first to be held away from the Stade Louis II in Monaco since it became a one-legged match in 1998 . Bayern Munich became the first German team to win the UEFA Super Cup , beating Chelsea on penalties after extra time . It was also the first time the winner of the Super Cup was determined by a penalty shoot-out . Chelsea 's defeat made them the first team to lose consecutive Super Cups since Porto in 2004 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2019_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 UEFA Super Cup was the 44th edition of the UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . The match featured two English sides , Liverpool , the winners of the 2018-19 UEFA Champions League , and Chelsea , the winners of the 2018-19 UEFA Europa League . The match was played at Vodafone Park in Istanbul , Turkey on 14 August 2019 . The match was the first all-English UEFA Super Cup , and the eighth overall Super Cup to feature two teams from the same country . For the first time , the video assistant referee ( VAR ) system was used in the competition . Liverpool won the match 5-4 on penalties following a 2-2 draw after extra time for their fourth UEFA Super Cup title . As winners , Liverpool were rewarded £4 million in prize money .'}]}, {'value': 'Bayern Munich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Bayern_Munich', 'summary': "Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V. , commonly known as FC Bayern München ( German pronunciation : [ ʔɛf tseː ˈbaɪɐn ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ) , FCB , Bayern Munich , or FC Bayern , is a German sports club based in Munich , Bavaria . It is best known for its professional football team , which plays in the Bundesliga , the top tier of the German football league system , and is the most successful club in German football history , having won a record 29 national titles and 19 national cups . FC Bayern was founded in 1900 by 11 football players , led by Franz John . Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932 , the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963 . The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when , under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer , it won the European Cup three consecutive times ( 1974-1976 ) . Overall , Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals , most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble . Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup , one European Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups , making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally and the only German club to have won both international titles . Since the formation of the Bundesliga , Bayern has been the dominant club in German football , winning 29 titles , including seven consecutively since 2013 . They have traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1 . FC Nürnberg , as well as with Borussia Dortmund since the mid-1990s . Since the beginning of the 2005-06 season , Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena . Previously the team had played at Munich 's Olympiastadion for 33 years ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 2013 UEFA Super Cup was the 38th UEFA Super Cup , an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League . In a repeat of the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final , the match featured Bayern Munich , the winners of the 2012-13 UEFA Champions League , and Chelsea , the winners of the 2012-13 UEFA Europa League . Having beaten Bayern in the 2012 Champions League Final , it was Chelsea 's second consecutive appearance in the Super Cup . It was played at the Eden Arena in Prague , Czech Republic , on 30 August 2013 , and was the first to be held away from the Stade Louis II in Monaco since it became a one-legged match in 1998 . Bayern Munich became the first German team to win the UEFA Super Cup , beating Chelsea on penalties after extra time . It was also the first time the winner of the Super Cup was determined by a penalty shoot-out . Chelsea 's defeat made them the first team to lose consecutive Super Cups since Porto in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': '1975 , 1976 , 2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1975 European Super Cup was played on 9 September and 6 October 1975 , between Bayern Munich of West Germany and Dynamo Kyiv of USSR . Dynamo won 3-0 on aggregate .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1976_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1976 European Super Cup was played between RSC Anderlecht of Belgium and Bayern Munich of West Germany , with Anderlecht winning 5-3 on aggregate .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2001_UEFA_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2001 UEFA Super Cup was a football match between German team Bayern Munich and English team Liverpool on 24 August 2001 at Stade Louis II , the annual UEFA Super Cup contested between the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup . Bayern were appearing in the Super Cup for the third time , their two previous appearances in 1975 and 1976 had ended in defeat . Liverpool were appearing in their fourth Super Cup , they won the competition in 1977 , and lost twice in 1978 and 1984 . The teams had qualified for the competition by winning the two seasonal European competitions . Both Bayern and Liverpool beat Spanish teams in the finals of the competitions . Bayern won the 2000-01 UEFA Champions League , defeating Valencia 5-4 in a penalty shoot-out after the match had finished 1-1 . Liverpool won the 2000-01 UEFA Cup , beating Alavés 5-4 . Watched by a crowd of 13,824 , Liverpool took the lead in the first half when John Arne Riise scored . Liverpool extended their lead before half-time when Emile Heskey scored . Liverpool scored immediately after the start of the second half to lead the match 3-0 after Michael Owen scored . Hasan Salihamidžić and Carsten Jancker scored in the second half , but Liverpool held out until the end of the match to win 3-2 , their second Super Cup win .'}]}, {'value': 'Dynamo Kyiv', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dynamo_Kyiv', 'summary': "Football Club Dynamo Kyiv ( Ukrainian : Футбольний клуб « Динамо » Київ , pronounced [ dɪˈnɑmo ˈkɪjiu̯ ] ) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kiev . Founded in 1927 as part of the Soviet Dynamo Sports Society , the club plays in the Ukrainian Premier League , and has never been relegated to a lower division . Their home is the 70,050 capacity Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex . Since 1936 , Dynamo has spent its entire history in the top league of Soviet and later Ukrainian football . Its most successful periods are associated with Valeriy Lobanovskyi , who coached the team during three stints , leading them to numerous domestic and European titles . In 1961 , the club became first ever in the history of Soviet football that managed to overcome the total hegemony of Moscow-based clubs in the Soviet Top League . The Spartak Moscow-Dynamo Kyiv rivalry that began in the mid 1970s , is widely considered to have been one of the most exciting football rivalries in the Soviet Union . Since the late 1960s , the club has participated in the UEFA continental competitions almost every year . It was the first Soviet football club to participate in the UEFA European competitions , starting to do so in 1965 . Over its history , Dynamo Kyiv has won 15 Ukrainian national titles , 13 Soviet national titles , 11 Ukrainian national cup competitions , 9 Soviet national cup competitions , and three continental titles ( including two UEFA Cup Winners ' Cups ) . Along with Dinamo Tbilisi , they were the only two Soviet clubs that succeeded in the UEFA competitions . The first team of Dynamo became a base team for the Soviet Union national football team in the 1970-1980s and the Ukraine national football team in the 1990-2000s ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1975 European Super Cup was played on 9 September and 6 October 1975 , between Bayern Munich of West Germany and Dynamo Kyiv of USSR . Dynamo won 3-0 on aggregate .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1986 European Super Cup was played between Steaua București and Dynamo Kyiv , with Steaua winning 1-0 . The winning goal was scored by Gheorghe Hagi .'}]}, {'value': 'Nottingham Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C.', 'summary': "Nottingham Forest Football Club , often referred to as Forest , is a professional football club based in West Bridgford , Nottinghamshire , England . Since 1898 Forest have played their home matches at the City Ground . They currently compete in the EFL Championship , the second tier of the English football league system . Forest have won 1 League title , 2 FA Cups , 4 League Cups , 1 FA Charity Shield , 2 European Cups , and 1 UEFA Super Cup . The club has competed in the top two tiers of English football since their admission to the Football League , except for five seasons spent in the third tier . Their most successful period was under the management of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in the late 1970s and early 1980s . In Clough 's last decade at the club , Forest won the 1989 and 1990 League Cups and were losing finalists in the 1991 FA Cup Final , before relegation from the Premier League in 1993 . Upon an immediate return Forest finished third in the Premier League in 1995 , before the club suffered relegation again in 1997 and , after a brief return , once more in 1999 . Forest have not been back in the Premier League since . Forest contest the Nottingham derby with city rivals Notts County , however as Forest have predominantly played in higher leagues than their neighbours fixtures between the two clubs have been rare in recent history . As such their main rivalry is with Derby County , and matches between the two clubs are known as the East Midlands derby ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1979_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1979 European Super Cup was played between Nottingham Forest and Barcelona , with Nottingham Forest winning 2-1 on aggregate .'}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1980 European Super Cup was played between Nottingham Forest and Valencia , with Valencia winning on the away goals rule . Forest won the home leg 2-1 , with both goals coming from Ian Bowyer . They however lost the second leg 1-0 . This was the only occasion that the Super Cup was decided using the away goals rule .'}]}, {'value': 'Aston Villa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C.', 'summary': "Aston Villa Football Club ( nicknamed Villa ) is an English professional football club based in Aston , Birmingham . The club competes in the Premier League , the top tier of the English football league system . Founded in 1874 , they have played at their home ground , Villa Park , since 1897 . Aston Villa were one of the founder members of the Football League in 1888 and of the Premier League in 1992 . Villa are one of only five English clubs to have won the European Cup , in 1981-82 . They have also won the Football League First Division seven times , the FA Cup seven times , the League Cup five times , and the UEFA Super Cup once . Villa have a fierce local rivalry with Birmingham City and the Second City derby between the teams has been played since 1879 . The club 's traditional kit colours are claret shirts with sky blue sleeves , white shorts and sky blue socks . Their traditional club badge is of a rampant lion . The club is currently owned by the NSWE group , a company owned by the Egyptian billionaire Nassef Sawiris and the American billionaire Wes Edens ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1982 European Super Cup was contested between the European Cup holders Aston Villa and the Cup Winners ' Cup holders Barcelona . The cup took place over two legs in January 1983 . The first leg was won by Barcelona 1-0 at the Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona , but Aston Villa won 3-0 at Villa Park after extra time to take a 3-1 aggregate win ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aberdeen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aberdeen_F.C.', 'summary': "Aberdeen Football Club ( also known as The Dons ) is a Scottish professional football club based in Aberdeen , Scotland . They compete in the Scottish Premiership and have never been relegated from the top division of the Scottish football league system since they were promoted in 1905 , despite twice finishing within the relegation zone . Aberdeen have won four Scottish league titles , seven Scottish Cups and six Scottish League Cups . They are also the only Scottish team to have won two European trophies , having won the European Cup Winners ' Cup and the European Super Cup in 1983 . Formed in 1903 as a result of the amalgamation of three clubs from Aberdeen , they rarely challenged for honours until the post war decade , when they won each of the major Scottish trophies under manager Dave Halliday . This level of success was surpassed in the 1980s , when , under the management of Alex Ferguson , they won three league titles , four Scottish Cups and a Scottish League Cup , alongside the two European trophies . Aberdeen were the last club outside the Old Firm to win a league title , in 1984-85 , and also the last Scottish team to win a European trophy . The team has enjoyed less success since this golden era , though a 19-year wait for a major trophy was ended by winning the 2013-14 Scottish League Cup , followed up by multiple second-place finishes behind Celtic in the league during the 2010s . Aberdeen have played at Pittodrie Stadium since their inception . The ground currently has a capacity of 20,866 and was the first all-seated and all-covered stadium in the United Kingdom . Pittodrie was also the first football stadium to feature a dug-out , an invention of player and coach Donald Colman . The club 's colours have been primarily red and white since 1939 ; before this , they played in black and gold vertical stripes ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1983_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': "The 1983 UEFA Super Cup was a two-legged match contested between the European Cup champions Hamburger SV , and the European Cup Winners ' Cup champions Aberdeen . The match was tied at 0-0 in the first leg at the Volksparkstadion in Hamburg . In the second leg at Pittodrie Stadium , Aberdeen added their second ever European trophy with a 2-0 victory over the Germans with goals coming from Mark McGhee and Neil Simpson . Aberdeen are the only Scottish team to win the UEFA Super Cup so far ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steaua București', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FCSB', 'summary': "Fotbal Club FCSB ( Romanian pronunciation : [ fet͡ʃeseˌbe ] ) , formerly Fotbal Club Steaua București ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈste̯awa bukuˈreʃtʲ ] ) and sometimes colloquially known simply as Steaua , [ note 1 ] is a Romanian professional football club based in Bucharest . Founded in 1947 as Asociația Sportivă a Armatei București , it has spent its entire history in the Liga I , the top tier of the Romanian football league system . The team was initially part of the CSA Steaua București sports club and belonged to the Romanian Army . In 1998 , the club and facilities were separated from the armed forces and sold to a group of shareholders in a post-Ceaușescu privatization scheme , subsequently leading to one of the shareholders acquiring full ownership five years later . However , the same Army sued the football club in 2011 ; the club has since been in a legal conflict regarding the ownership of the Steaua brand and honours , which resulted in multiple court cases and the change of the name to FCSB in early 2017 . Domestically , the club have won Liga I 26 times , Cupa României 22 times , Cupa Ligii 2 times and Supercupa României 6 times - all competition records . Internationally , they have won the European Cup and European Super Cup , both in 1986 . They reached the European Cup final once again in 1989 , when they were defeated by A.C. Milan . Throughout its history , Steaua also played the final of the Intercontinental Cup , the quarter-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup and the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup . Their home ground is Arena Națională , having moved here from the Ministry of National Defence-owned Stadionul Ghencea . Initially , the club played in the colours of the Romanian tricolour - blue , yellow and red - but yellow soon lost its importance and the team became associated with the red and blue colours . Recently , some kits have begun reintegrating the yellow colour ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1986 European Super Cup was played between Steaua București and Dynamo Kyiv , with Steaua winning 1-0 . The winning goal was scored by Gheorghe Hagi .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mechelen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KV_Mechelen', 'summary': "Yellow Red Koninklijke Voetbalclub Mechelen ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˌjɛloː ˈrɛt ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌvudbɑlklʏp ˈmɛxələ ( n ) ] ) , often simply called KV Mechelen ( Dutch pronunciation : [ kaːˌveː ˈmɛxələ ( n ) ] ) or KVM , or by their former French name FC Malinois , is a Belgian professional football club based in Mechelen in the Antwerp province . KV Mechelen plays in the Belgian First Division A . They have won four Belgian championships and twice the Belgian Cup , as well as the 1987-88 European Cup Winners ' Cup and the 1988 European Super Cup . They collected most of their honours in the 1940s and in the 1980s . KV Mechelen was founded in 1904 and , in 1921-22 , promoted to the first division . After two successive relegation and promotion , they were back for good between 1928-29 and 1955-56 . In the 1960s and 1970s , the club had several promotions and relegations between the first and second division . From 1983-84 to 1996-97 , they had a successful first division spell , with a title and several second- and third-place finishes . During that period , they also won a European Cup Winners ' Cup and they reached the same competition semi-finals as well as the European Cup quarter-finals . KV Mechelen declined in the late 1990s though they had two more spells at the highest level from 1999-2000 to 2000-01 and in 2002-03 . At the end of that season , the club did not receive their Belgian professional football license . They were therefore relegated to the third division with a nine-point penalty ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_European_Super_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1988 UEFA Super Cup was played between KV Mechelen and PSV Eindhoven , with Mechelen winning 3-1 on aggregate .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Records and statistics -- Winners', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'UEFA_Super_Cup_0', 'intro': "The UEFA Super Cup is an annual super cup football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. It is not recognised as one of UEFA's 'major' competitions. From 1972 to 1999, the UEFA Super Cup was contested between the winners of the European Cup/UEFA Champions League and the winners of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. After the discontinuation of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, it has been contested by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the winners of the UEFA Cup, which was renamed the UEFA Europa League in 2009. The current holders are Liverpool, who won 5-4 after penalties against Chelsea in the 2019 edition. The most successful teams in the competition are Barcelona and A.C. Milan, who have won the trophy five times each."} | null | null | The winner of the 31st edition of the UEFA Super Cup is a club from what country ? | Spain |
0b838f77ebab9b36 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONCACAF_Champions_League', 'title': 'CONCACAF Champions League', 'header': ['Rank', 'Date', 'Hosts', 'Visitors', 'Venue', 'Attendance'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 27 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'América', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_América', 'summary': 'Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V. , commonly known as Club América or simply América , is a professional football club based in Mexico City , Mexico . Nicknamed Las Águilas ( The Eagles ) , it competes in Liga MX , the top tier of Mexican football . The club was founded in 1916 , and since 1959 has been owned by media company Grupo Televisa . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca , the largest stadium in Mexico and Latin America , and the seventh largest association football-specific stadium in the world . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Guadalajara , as both are the most successful and most popular clubs in the country , and are the only clubs to have never been relegated to the second division . Matches between them are known as El Súper Clásico , considered to be the biggest rivalry in Mexico , and one of the biggest in the world . América also play local derbies against Cruz Azul and Club Universidad Nacional . The club has won a record thirteen league titles , as well as a record six Copa México titles , and six Campeón de Campeones cups . In international competitions , América has won ten FIFA recognized club trophies , the most for a club from the CONCACAF region . It has won a record seven CONCACAF Champions Cup/Champions League titles , two Copa Interamericana cups and one CONCACAF Giants Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'UANL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tigres_UANL', 'summary': "Club de Fútbol Tigres de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , simply known as Tigres UANL or Tigres , is a Mexican professional football club based in San Nicolás de los Garza , a city in the Monterrey metropolitan area . Founded in 1960 , the club has spent 60 years in Liga MX , the top tier of the Mexican football league system . The club had their first major success in the 1975-76 season , becoming the first team from Nuevo León to win a trophy by conquering the Copa MX against Club América . Tigres have been Mexican champions 7 times , and have won the Copa MX three times . The team was the 2015 Copa Libertadores Finals runner-up to River Plate . Tigres is the official team of the University of the state of Nuevo León . Their home is the 41,615 capacity Estadio Universitario , located inside the University complex in San Nicolás de los Garza . The team 's traditional kit colours are gold and blue . Tigres is one of the two professional football teams of Nuevo León , along with rival CF Monterrey ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Azteca , Mexico City , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Azteca', 'summary': "The Estadio Azteca ( Spanish pronunciation : [ esˈtaðjo asˈteka ] ) is a multi purpose stadium located in Mexico City . It is the official home of football club Club América and the Mexico national football team . The stadium sits at an altitude of 7,200 feet ( 2195 meters ) above sea level . With an official capacity of 87,523 , it is the largest stadium in Mexico . As of 2018 , the stadium also serves as the home of Cruz Azul . The National Football League ( NFL ) features one game at Estadio Azteca per season as a part of their International Series . Regarded as one of the most famous and iconic football stadiums in the world , it is the first to have hosted two FIFA World Cup Finals ; in the 1970 World Cup Final , Brazil defeated Italy 4-1 , and in the 1986 World Cup Final , Argentina defeated West Germany 3-2 . It also hosted the 1986 quarter-final match between Argentina and England in which Diego Maradona scored both the Hand of God goal and the Goal of the Century . The stadium also hosted the Game of the Century , when Italy defeated West Germany 4-3 in extra time in one of the 1970 semifinal matches . Additionally , it is scheduled to host games in the 2026 FIFA World Cup . The stadium was also the principal venue for the football tournament of the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1971 Women 's World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City,_Mexico', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': '80,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 8 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'América', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_América', 'summary': 'Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V. , commonly known as Club América or simply América , is a professional football club based in Mexico City , Mexico . Nicknamed Las Águilas ( The Eagles ) , it competes in Liga MX , the top tier of Mexican football . The club was founded in 1916 , and since 1959 has been owned by media company Grupo Televisa . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca , the largest stadium in Mexico and Latin America , and the seventh largest association football-specific stadium in the world . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Guadalajara , as both are the most successful and most popular clubs in the country , and are the only clubs to have never been relegated to the second division . Matches between them are known as El Súper Clásico , considered to be the biggest rivalry in Mexico , and one of the biggest in the world . América also play local derbies against Cruz Azul and Club Universidad Nacional . The club has won a record thirteen league titles , as well as a record six Copa México titles , and six Campeón de Campeones cups . In international competitions , América has won ten FIFA recognized club trophies , the most for a club from the CONCACAF region . It has won a record seven CONCACAF Champions Cup/Champions League titles , two Copa Interamericana cups and one CONCACAF Giants Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Herediano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.S._Herediano', 'summary': "Club Sport Herediano ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kluβ ( e ) spoɾt eɾeˈðjano ] ) , commonly known as Herediano and nicknamed El Team , is a Costa Rican multisport club based in the district of San Francisco , Heredia . Although they compete in a number of different sports , Herediano is mostly known for its association football team . It plays in the Primera División de Costa Rica , the top tier of the Costa Rican football league system . Herediano are one of two clubs to have never been relegated , along with Alajuelense . Herediano has its origins in 1918 . The framework for Asociación Deportiva Club Sport Herediano was simmering since June 1920 , with the appointment of an interim board with iconic figures like Manuel Joaquín Gutiérrez , Eladio Rosabal , Víctor Manuel Ruiz , Claudio Arguedas and Luis Valerio , but it was not until June 12 , 1921 that the Herediano Charter was signed . In that same year , Eladio Rosabal Cordero became the first manager of the Costa Rica national football team , and Herediano player Manuel Joaquín Gutiérrez became the first scorer of the national team . The club 's first season resulted in Herediano winning the national championship in 1921 , the first edition of Costa Rica 's top-flight league . Herediano established itself as a major force in Costa Rican football by winning 28 First Division titles through 2019 . El Team plays its home matches at the Estadio Eladio Rosabal Cordero . Herediano 's home kit is composed of red and yellow vertical striped shirts , with red shorts , accompanied by yellow and red socks . This combination has been used since 1929 ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Azteca , Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Azteca', 'summary': "The Estadio Azteca ( Spanish pronunciation : [ esˈtaðjo asˈteka ] ) is a multi purpose stadium located in Mexico City . It is the official home of football club Club América and the Mexico national football team . The stadium sits at an altitude of 7,200 feet ( 2195 meters ) above sea level . With an official capacity of 87,523 , it is the largest stadium in Mexico . As of 2018 , the stadium also serves as the home of Cruz Azul . The National Football League ( NFL ) features one game at Estadio Azteca per season as a part of their International Series . Regarded as one of the most famous and iconic football stadiums in the world , it is the first to have hosted two FIFA World Cup Finals ; in the 1970 World Cup Final , Brazil defeated Italy 4-1 , and in the 1986 World Cup Final , Argentina defeated West Germany 3-2 . It also hosted the 1986 quarter-final match between Argentina and England in which Diego Maradona scored both the Hand of God goal and the Goal of the Century . The stadium also hosted the Game of the Century , when Italy defeated West Germany 4-3 in extra time in one of the 1970 semifinal matches . Additionally , it is scheduled to host games in the 2026 FIFA World Cup . The stadium was also the principal venue for the football tournament of the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1971 Women 's World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': '66,208', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 29 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Impact', 'summary': "The Montreal Impact ( French : Impact de Montréal ) is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league , being the league 's third Canadian club , and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name . In 2015 , the Impact became the second MLS club , and first Canadian club , to advance to the final of the CONCACAF Champions League , in its current name since 2008 , where they had finished runners up in the two game aggregate goal series against Club América . The Impact had won the Canadian Championship in 2013 , 2014 and 2019 . The club plays its home games at Saputo Stadium and is coached by Thierry Henry ."}]}, {'value': 'América', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_América', 'summary': 'Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V. , commonly known as Club América or simply América , is a professional football club based in Mexico City , Mexico . Nicknamed Las Águilas ( The Eagles ) , it competes in Liga MX , the top tier of Mexican football . The club was founded in 1916 , and since 1959 has been owned by media company Grupo Televisa . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca , the largest stadium in Mexico and Latin America , and the seventh largest association football-specific stadium in the world . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Guadalajara , as both are the most successful and most popular clubs in the country , and are the only clubs to have never been relegated to the second division . Matches between them are known as El Súper Clásico , considered to be the biggest rivalry in Mexico , and one of the biggest in the world . América also play local derbies against Cruz Azul and Club Universidad Nacional . The club has won a record thirteen league titles , as well as a record six Copa México titles , and six Campeón de Campeones cups . In international competitions , América has won ten FIFA recognized club trophies , the most for a club from the CONCACAF region . It has won a record seven CONCACAF Champions Cup/Champions League titles , two Copa Interamericana cups and one CONCACAF Giants Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Stade Olympique , Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)', 'summary': "Olympic Stadium ( French : Stade olympique ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Montreal , Canada , located at Olympic Park in the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of the city . Built in the mid-1970s as the main venue for the 1976 Summer Olympics , it is nicknamed The Big O , a reference to both its name and to the doughnut-shape of the permanent component of the stadium 's roof . It is also called The Big Owe to reference the astronomical cost of the stadium and the 1976 Olympics as a whole . The stadium is the largest by seating capacity in Canada . After the Olympics , artificial turf was installed and it became the home of Montreal 's professional baseball and football teams . The Montreal Alouettes of the CFL returned to their previous home of Molson Stadium in 1998 for regular season games , but continued to use Olympic Stadium for playoff and Grey Cup games until 2014 when they returned to Molson Stadium for all of their games . Following the 2004 baseball season , the Expos relocated to Washington , D.C. , to become the Washington Nationals . The stadium currently serves as a multipurpose facility for special events ( e.g . concerts , trade shows ) with a permanent seating capacity of 56,040 . The capacity is expandable with temporary seating . The Montreal Impact of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) use the venue on occasion , when demand for tickets justifies the large capacity or when the weather restricts outdoor play at nearby Saputo Stadium in the spring months . The stadium has not had a main tenant since the Expos left in 2004 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': '61,004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 22 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'América', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_América', 'summary': 'Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V. , commonly known as Club América or simply América , is a professional football club based in Mexico City , Mexico . Nicknamed Las Águilas ( The Eagles ) , it competes in Liga MX , the top tier of Mexican football . The club was founded in 1916 , and since 1959 has been owned by media company Grupo Televisa . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca , the largest stadium in Mexico and Latin America , and the seventh largest association football-specific stadium in the world . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Guadalajara , as both are the most successful and most popular clubs in the country , and are the only clubs to have never been relegated to the second division . Matches between them are known as El Súper Clásico , considered to be the biggest rivalry in Mexico , and one of the biggest in the world . América also play local derbies against Cruz Azul and Club Universidad Nacional . The club has won a record thirteen league titles , as well as a record six Copa México titles , and six Campeón de Campeones cups . In international competitions , América has won ten FIFA recognized club trophies , the most for a club from the CONCACAF region . It has won a record seven CONCACAF Champions Cup/Champions League titles , two Copa Interamericana cups and one CONCACAF Giants Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Impact', 'summary': "The Montreal Impact ( French : Impact de Montréal ) is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league , being the league 's third Canadian club , and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name . In 2015 , the Impact became the second MLS club , and first Canadian club , to advance to the final of the CONCACAF Champions League , in its current name since 2008 , where they had finished runners up in the two game aggregate goal series against Club América . The Impact had won the Canadian Championship in 2013 , 2014 and 2019 . The club plays its home games at Saputo Stadium and is coached by Thierry Henry ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Azteca , Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Azteca', 'summary': "The Estadio Azteca ( Spanish pronunciation : [ esˈtaðjo asˈteka ] ) is a multi purpose stadium located in Mexico City . It is the official home of football club Club América and the Mexico national football team . The stadium sits at an altitude of 7,200 feet ( 2195 meters ) above sea level . With an official capacity of 87,523 , it is the largest stadium in Mexico . As of 2018 , the stadium also serves as the home of Cruz Azul . The National Football League ( NFL ) features one game at Estadio Azteca per season as a part of their International Series . Regarded as one of the most famous and iconic football stadiums in the world , it is the first to have hosted two FIFA World Cup Finals ; in the 1970 World Cup Final , Brazil defeated Italy 4-1 , and in the 1986 World Cup Final , Argentina defeated West Germany 3-2 . It also hosted the 1986 quarter-final match between Argentina and England in which Diego Maradona scored both the Hand of God goal and the Goal of the Century . The stadium also hosted the Game of the Century , when Italy defeated West Germany 4-3 in extra time in one of the 1970 semifinal matches . Additionally , it is scheduled to host games in the 2026 FIFA World Cup . The stadium was also the principal venue for the football tournament of the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1971 Women 's World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': '56,783', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 23 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Impact_(1992–2011)', 'summary': "The Montreal Impact ( French : Impact de Montréal ) was a Canadian professional soccer club based in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . Founded in 1992 , the team played in the United Soccer League . Later , the Impact played in the North American Soccer League ( NASL ) , the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid until the 2011 season . The owner Joey Saputo now operates the MLS team Montreal Impact . The team played its home games at Complexe Sportif Claude-Robillard until 2008 when it moved to the new Saputo Stadium where it played until its move to MLS . The team 's colours were blue and white . The Impact had 11 different head coaches during these years . The Impact also operated a reserve team , the Trois-Rivières Attak , from 2006 until 2010 which played in the Canadian Soccer League until 2010 when the Impact created their own Montreal Impact Academy . They also used to operate an indoor team ( of the same name ) in the NPSL ( at the Bell Centre , then at Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard ) with many of the same players , from 1997-1998 to 1999-2000 . On May 7 , 2010 , Impact owner Joey Saputo was granted a Major League Soccer expansion franchise set to begin play in Saputo Stadium in 2012 . Although , in a legal sense , the Montreal MLS expansion team is an entirely separate legal entity , the new team carries the Impact name and maintains the team 's legacy in the MLS ."}]}, {'value': 'Santos Laguna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santos_Laguna', 'summary': "Club Santos Laguna S.A. de C.V. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈsantos laˈɣuna ] ) , commonly known as Santos Laguna or Santos , is a Mexican professional football club who were the champions of the Liga MX Clausura . Located in northern Mexico and representing the urban area of La Comarca Lagunera , made up of Torreón , Gómez Palacio and Lerdo Municipalities , Santos Laguna plays in Liga MX . Santos Laguna was founded in 1983 and reached Mexico 's top division after buying the Ángeles de Puebla club . The club debuted in Mexico 's top division in the 1988-89 tournament . They have won six tournaments : Invierno 1996 , Verano 2001 , Clausura 2008 , Clausura 2012 , Clausura 2015 , Clausura 2018 . The club reached the finals in the 1993-94 season , Verano 2000 , Bicentenario 2010 , Apertura 2010 and Apertura 2011 . Santos Laguna won the Apertura 2014 Copa MX . Santos is the third football club formed in the Laguna region , after the unsuccessful Laguna Football Club and Football Club Torreon ( which formed the Black Lions of the University Deportivo Guadalajara and Neza , respectively ) . In 2018 , the club celebrated its 35th anniversary with a change in their logo . In a February 17 , 2013 poll , by Consulta Mitofsky , it was the fifth-most-popular team in Mexico ."}]}, {'value': 'Stade Olympique , Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)', 'summary': "Olympic Stadium ( French : Stade olympique ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Montreal , Canada , located at Olympic Park in the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of the city . Built in the mid-1970s as the main venue for the 1976 Summer Olympics , it is nicknamed The Big O , a reference to both its name and to the doughnut-shape of the permanent component of the stadium 's roof . It is also called The Big Owe to reference the astronomical cost of the stadium and the 1976 Olympics as a whole . The stadium is the largest by seating capacity in Canada . After the Olympics , artificial turf was installed and it became the home of Montreal 's professional baseball and football teams . The Montreal Alouettes of the CFL returned to their previous home of Molson Stadium in 1998 for regular season games , but continued to use Olympic Stadium for playoff and Grey Cup games until 2014 when they returned to Molson Stadium for all of their games . Following the 2004 baseball season , the Expos relocated to Washington , D.C. , to become the Washington Nationals . The stadium currently serves as a multipurpose facility for special events ( e.g . concerts , trade shows ) with a permanent seating capacity of 56,040 . The capacity is expandable with temporary seating . The Montreal Impact of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) use the venue on occasion , when demand for tickets justifies the large capacity or when the weather restricts outdoor play at nearby Saputo Stadium in the spring months . The stadium has not had a main tenant since the Expos left in 2004 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': '55,571', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 1 , 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C.F . Monterrey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.F._Monterrey', 'summary': "Club de Fútbol Monterrey is a Mexican football club from Monterrey , Nuevo León which currently plays in the Liga MX . Founded on 28 June 1945 , it is the oldest active team in the professional division from the northern part of Mexico . The club is owned by FEMSA , Latin America 's largest bottling company . Its home games have been played in the Estadio BBVA since 2015 . Monterrey has won five league titles , two domestic cups , and four CONCACAF Champions League titles ( notably , three consecutive tournaments in 2011 , 2012 and 2013 ) . The team is commonly known as the Rayados ( the striped ones ) , due to the club 's traditional navy blue striped uniform . The uniform is reflected in the club 's current crest , which is also decorated with stars above the crest representing the club 's league titles and stars below the crest representing continental titles . In terms of overall performance , it is the strongest club from Mexico and all of CONCACAF at the FIFA Club World Cup , with a third-place ranking in the all-time table . The club 's oldest rival is Tigres UANL of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León . The local derby , known as the Clásico Regiomontano , is known for being one of the most intensely competed derbies in Mexican football and is regarded by people in the city of Monterrey as the most important Mexican derby ."}]}, {'value': 'UANL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tigres_UANL', 'summary': "Club de Fútbol Tigres de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , simply known as Tigres UANL or Tigres , is a Mexican professional football club based in San Nicolás de los Garza , a city in the Monterrey metropolitan area . Founded in 1960 , the club has spent 60 years in Liga MX , the top tier of the Mexican football league system . The club had their first major success in the 1975-76 season , becoming the first team from Nuevo León to win a trophy by conquering the Copa MX against Club América . Tigres have been Mexican champions 7 times , and have won the Copa MX three times . The team was the 2015 Copa Libertadores Finals runner-up to River Plate . Tigres is the official team of the University of the state of Nuevo León . Their home is the 41,615 capacity Estadio Universitario , located inside the University complex in San Nicolás de los Garza . The team 's traditional kit colours are gold and blue . Tigres is one of the two professional football teams of Nuevo León , along with rival CF Monterrey ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio BBVA Bancomer , Monterrey , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_BBVA_Bancomer', 'summary': 'The Estadio BBVA , nicknamed El Gigante de Acero ( Spanish for The Steel Giant ) , is a stadium developed by FEMSA and C.F . Monterrey in Guadalupe , Greater Monterrey . The stadium replaced the Estadio Tecnológico as the home of Monterrey , ending 63 years of residency at that stadium . The project was met with much controversy , stemming from multiple accusations of the construction as an apparent impediment to wildlife growth on a local scale. [ why ? ] It was inaugurated on 2 August 2015 with the eighth edition of the Eusébio Cup , where Monterrey defeated Benfica 3-0 .'}]}, {'value': '53,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 7 , 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seattle Sounders FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Sounders_FC', 'summary': "Seattle Sounders FC is an American professional soccer club based in Seattle , Washington . The Sounders compete as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established on November 13 , 2007 , and began play in 2009 as an MLS expansion team . The Sounders are a phoenix club , carrying the same name as the original franchise that competed in the North American Soccer League from 1974 to 1983 . The club 's majority owner is Adrian Hanauer , and its minority owners are the estate of Paul Allen , Drew Carey , and 11 families from the Seattle area . Former USL Sounders coach and assistant coach Brian Schmetzer took over as head coach in July 2016 after the departure of Sigi Schmid . The Sounders play their home league matches at CenturyLink Field , with a reduced capacity of 37,722 seats for most matches . Along with several organized groups , a 53-member marching band called 'Sound Wave ' supports the club at each home match . Seattle competes with rival MLS clubs Portland and Vancouver for the Cascadia Cup . The Sounders played their inaugural match on March 19 , 2009 , winning 3-0 over the New York Red Bulls . Seattle has been among the league 's most successful teams , winning the U.S. Open Cup four times , the Supporters ' Shield in 2014 , and the MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . The team has qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs in each of its eleven seasons , making the final three times , and competed in the CONCACAF Champions League five times , advancing to the semifinal round once ."}]}, {'value': 'Guadalajara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.D._Guadalajara', 'summary': "Club Deportivo Guadalajara S.A. de C.V. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkluβ ðepoɾˈtiβo ɣwaðalaˈxaɾa ] ) ; often simply known as Guadalajara ( [ ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa ] ) and Chivas ( [ ˈtʃiβas ] ) , is a Mexican professional football club based in Guadalajara , Jalisco . Guadalajara is one of the ten founding members of the Mexican First Division and along with Club América is one of only two teams that have never been relegated to the second-tier division . Guadalajara is the only football club in Mexico that does n't allow foreign players to play in their club . The team has constantly emphasized home-grown ( cantera ) players and has been the launching pad of a few internationally successful players , including Omar Bravo , Javier Hernández , Francisco Javier Rodríguez , and Marco Fabián . The team 's three colors ( red , white , and blue ) symbolize Fraternity , Union , and Sports . The founders of the team adopted the colors that linked them back to their home country , France . Chivas supporters use a flag identical to the French flag to support their team . The team mascot , as well as their nickname , is the goat or chiva . Chivas was one Mexico 's most successful teams and holds the Mexican league record for the longest winning streak at the beginning of a season , with 8 consecutive wins . Internationally , Guadalajara is the best Mexican side to compete in Copa Libertadores having reached the semifinals twice ( 2005 and 2006 ) and being runner-ups in the 2010 edition . According to a study of preferred football clubs published in April 2016 by Euroamericas Sport Marketing Spain , Guadalajara is the most popular team in Mexico , with 44.2% of supporters in the country ."}]}, {'value': 'CenturyLink Field , Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CenturyLink_Field', 'summary': "CenturyLink Field is a multi-purpose stadium located in Seattle , Washington , United States . It is the home field for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League ( NFL ) , Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , and the Seattle Dragons of XFL . Originally called Seahawks Stadium , it became Qwest Field in June 2004 , when telecommunications carrier Qwest acquired the naming rights . It received its current name in June 2011 after Qwest 's acquisition by CenturyLink . It is a modern facility with views of the Downtown Seattle skyline and can seat 68,740 people for NFL games and 37,722 for most MLS matches and XFL games . The complex also includes the Event Center with the Washington Music Theater ( WaMu Theater ) , a parking garage , and a public plaza . The venue hosts concerts , trade shows , and consumer shows along with sporting events . Located within a mile ( 1.6 km ) of Downtown Seattle , the stadium is accessible by multiple freeways and forms of mass transit . The stadium was built between 2000 and 2002 on the site of the Kingdome after voters approved funding for the construction in a statewide election held in June 1997 . This vote created the Washington State Public Stadium Authority to oversee public ownership of the venue . The owner of the Seahawks , Paul Allen , formed First & Goal Inc. to develop and operate the new facilities . Allen was closely involved in the design process and emphasized the importance of an open-air venue with an intimate atmosphere ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Seattle', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}]}, {'value': '42,885', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 24 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seattle Sounders FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Sounders_FC', 'summary': "Seattle Sounders FC is an American professional soccer club based in Seattle , Washington . The Sounders compete as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established on November 13 , 2007 , and began play in 2009 as an MLS expansion team . The Sounders are a phoenix club , carrying the same name as the original franchise that competed in the North American Soccer League from 1974 to 1983 . The club 's majority owner is Adrian Hanauer , and its minority owners are the estate of Paul Allen , Drew Carey , and 11 families from the Seattle area . Former USL Sounders coach and assistant coach Brian Schmetzer took over as head coach in July 2016 after the departure of Sigi Schmid . The Sounders play their home league matches at CenturyLink Field , with a reduced capacity of 37,722 seats for most matches . Along with several organized groups , a 53-member marching band called 'Sound Wave ' supports the club at each home match . Seattle competes with rival MLS clubs Portland and Vancouver for the Cascadia Cup . The Sounders played their inaugural match on March 19 , 2009 , winning 3-0 over the New York Red Bulls . Seattle has been among the league 's most successful teams , winning the U.S. Open Cup four times , the Supporters ' Shield in 2014 , and the MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . The team has qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs in each of its eleven seasons , making the final three times , and competed in the CONCACAF Champions League five times , advancing to the semifinal round once ."}]}, {'value': 'América', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_América', 'summary': 'Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V. , commonly known as Club América or simply América , is a professional football club based in Mexico City , Mexico . Nicknamed Las Águilas ( The Eagles ) , it competes in Liga MX , the top tier of Mexican football . The club was founded in 1916 , and since 1959 has been owned by media company Grupo Televisa . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca , the largest stadium in Mexico and Latin America , and the seventh largest association football-specific stadium in the world . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Guadalajara , as both are the most successful and most popular clubs in the country , and are the only clubs to have never been relegated to the second division . Matches between them are known as El Súper Clásico , considered to be the biggest rivalry in Mexico , and one of the biggest in the world . América also play local derbies against Cruz Azul and Club Universidad Nacional . The club has won a record thirteen league titles , as well as a record six Copa México titles , and six Campeón de Campeones cups . In international competitions , América has won ten FIFA recognized club trophies , the most for a club from the CONCACAF region . It has won a record seven CONCACAF Champions Cup/Champions League titles , two Copa Interamericana cups and one CONCACAF Giants Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'CenturyLink Field , Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CenturyLink_Field', 'summary': "CenturyLink Field is a multi-purpose stadium located in Seattle , Washington , United States . It is the home field for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League ( NFL ) , Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , and the Seattle Dragons of XFL . Originally called Seahawks Stadium , it became Qwest Field in June 2004 , when telecommunications carrier Qwest acquired the naming rights . It received its current name in June 2011 after Qwest 's acquisition by CenturyLink . It is a modern facility with views of the Downtown Seattle skyline and can seat 68,740 people for NFL games and 37,722 for most MLS matches and XFL games . The complex also includes the Event Center with the Washington Music Theater ( WaMu Theater ) , a parking garage , and a public plaza . The venue hosts concerts , trade shows , and consumer shows along with sporting events . Located within a mile ( 1.6 km ) of Downtown Seattle , the stadium is accessible by multiple freeways and forms of mass transit . The stadium was built between 2000 and 2002 on the site of the Kingdome after voters approved funding for the construction in a statewide election held in June 1997 . This vote created the Washington State Public Stadium Authority to oversee public ownership of the venue . The owner of the Seahawks , Paul Allen , formed First & Goal Inc. to develop and operate the new facilities . Allen was closely involved in the design process and emphasized the importance of an open-air venue with an intimate atmosphere ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Seattle', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}]}, {'value': '42,836', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 19 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UANL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tigres_UANL', 'summary': "Club de Fútbol Tigres de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , simply known as Tigres UANL or Tigres , is a Mexican professional football club based in San Nicolás de los Garza , a city in the Monterrey metropolitan area . Founded in 1960 , the club has spent 60 years in Liga MX , the top tier of the Mexican football league system . The club had their first major success in the 1975-76 season , becoming the first team from Nuevo León to win a trophy by conquering the Copa MX against Club América . Tigres have been Mexican champions 7 times , and have won the Copa MX three times . The team was the 2015 Copa Libertadores Finals runner-up to River Plate . Tigres is the official team of the University of the state of Nuevo León . Their home is the 41,615 capacity Estadio Universitario , located inside the University complex in San Nicolás de los Garza . The team 's traditional kit colours are gold and blue . Tigres is one of the two professional football teams of Nuevo León , along with rival CF Monterrey ."}]}, {'value': 'América', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_América', 'summary': 'Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V. , commonly known as Club América or simply América , is a professional football club based in Mexico City , Mexico . Nicknamed Las Águilas ( The Eagles ) , it competes in Liga MX , the top tier of Mexican football . The club was founded in 1916 , and since 1959 has been owned by media company Grupo Televisa . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca , the largest stadium in Mexico and Latin America , and the seventh largest association football-specific stadium in the world . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Guadalajara , as both are the most successful and most popular clubs in the country , and are the only clubs to have never been relegated to the second division . Matches between them are known as El Súper Clásico , considered to be the biggest rivalry in Mexico , and one of the biggest in the world . América also play local derbies against Cruz Azul and Club Universidad Nacional . The club has won a record thirteen league titles , as well as a record six Copa México titles , and six Campeón de Campeones cups . In international competitions , América has won ten FIFA recognized club trophies , the most for a club from the CONCACAF region . It has won a record seven CONCACAF Champions Cup/Champions League titles , two Copa Interamericana cups and one CONCACAF Giants Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Universitario ( UANL ) , Monterrey , Nuevo Leon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Universitario_(UANL)', 'summary': 'The Estadio Universitario ( University Stadium ) - nicknamed El Volcán ( Spanish for The Volcano ) is a football stadium located on the campus of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León in San Nicolás de los Garza , Nuevo León , Mexico .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monterrey,_Nuevo_Leon', 'summary': "Monterrey ( /ˌmɒntəˈreɪ/ ; Spanish pronunciation : [ monteˈrei ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León , Mexico . The city is anchor to the Monterrey metropolitan area , the second most productive in Mexico with a GDP ( PPP ) of US $ 123 billion , and the third largest with an estimated population of 4,689,601 people as of 2015 . Monterrey is also considered the city with the best quality of life in the country [ citation needed ] , and serves as a commercial center of northern Mexico and is the base of many significant international corporations . Its purchasing power parity-adjusted GDP per capita is considerably higher than the rest of Mexico 's at around US $ 35,500 , compared to the country 's US $ 18,800 . It is considered a Beta World City , cosmopolitan and competitive . Rich in history and culture , it is one of the most developed cities in Mexico . As an important industrial and business center , the city is also home to many Mexican companies , including Grupo Avante , Lanix Electronics , Ocresa , CEMEX , Vitro , OXXO , FEMSA , DINA S.A. , Gamesa , Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery , and Grupo ALFA . Monterrey is also home to international companies such as Cognizant , Siemens , Accenture , MSCI , Ternium , Sony , Toshiba , Carrier , Whirlpool , Samsung , Toyota , Babcock & Wilcox , Daewoo , British American Tobacco , Nokia , Dell , Boeing , HTC , General Electric , Johnson Controls , LG , SAS Institute , Grundfos , Danfoss , Qualfon and Teleperformance , among others . Monterrey is in northeastern Mexico , at the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental . The uninterrupted settlement of Monterrey was founded by Diego de Montemayor in 1596 . In the years after the Mexican War of Independence , Monterrey became an important business center . With the establishment of Fundidora Monterrey , the city has experienced great industrial growth ."}]}, {'value': '41,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 4 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'América', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_América', 'summary': 'Club de Fútbol América S.A. de C.V. , commonly known as Club América or simply América , is a professional football club based in Mexico City , Mexico . Nicknamed Las Águilas ( The Eagles ) , it competes in Liga MX , the top tier of Mexican football . The club was founded in 1916 , and since 1959 has been owned by media company Grupo Televisa . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca , the largest stadium in Mexico and Latin America , and the seventh largest association football-specific stadium in the world . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Guadalajara , as both are the most successful and most popular clubs in the country , and are the only clubs to have never been relegated to the second division . Matches between them are known as El Súper Clásico , considered to be the biggest rivalry in Mexico , and one of the biggest in the world . América also play local derbies against Cruz Azul and Club Universidad Nacional . The club has won a record thirteen league titles , as well as a record six Copa México titles , and six Campeón de Campeones cups . In international competitions , América has won ten FIFA recognized club trophies , the most for a club from the CONCACAF region . It has won a record seven CONCACAF Champions Cup/Champions League titles , two Copa Interamericana cups and one CONCACAF Giants Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Saprissa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deportivo_Saprissa', 'summary': "Deportivo Saprissa is a Costa Rican sports club , mostly known for its football team . The club is located in San Juan de Tibás , San José , and play their home games at the Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá . The team 's signature colours are purple ( burgundy ) and white . The club was founded in 1935 and has competed in the Costa Rican first division since 1949 . The name of the team comes from one of the club 's main founders , Ricardo Saprissa . One of the most popular nicknames for the team El Monstruo Morado ( The Purple Monster ) can be traced back to 1987 , when the Costa Rican newspaper Diario Extra gave the team the nickname during a derby , because of the club 's enormous following . A reporter commented that the sea of fans in the stands at the Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá in Tibás wearing purple , and the tremendous noise they were generating , made him feel like he was in the presence of a thousand headed monster . Saprissa immediately adopted the nickname El Monstruo Morado . Saprissa won 34 Primera División de Costa Rica championships , including six consecutive national titles in the 70s . It stands as one of the more successful teams in the CONCACAF region as well , having won the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup three times - in 1993 , 1995 , and 2005 . Saprissa has also won five Central American crowns in 1972 , 1973 , 1978 , 1998 , and 2003 . For the period 1 September 2007 to 31 August 2008 the club was ranked the 106th best team in the world by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics , an organization recognized by FIFA ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Azteca , Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Azteca', 'summary': "The Estadio Azteca ( Spanish pronunciation : [ esˈtaðjo asˈteka ] ) is a multi purpose stadium located in Mexico City . It is the official home of football club Club América and the Mexico national football team . The stadium sits at an altitude of 7,200 feet ( 2195 meters ) above sea level . With an official capacity of 87,523 , it is the largest stadium in Mexico . As of 2018 , the stadium also serves as the home of Cruz Azul . The National Football League ( NFL ) features one game at Estadio Azteca per season as a part of their International Series . Regarded as one of the most famous and iconic football stadiums in the world , it is the first to have hosted two FIFA World Cup Finals ; in the 1970 World Cup Final , Brazil defeated Italy 4-1 , and in the 1986 World Cup Final , Argentina defeated West Germany 3-2 . It also hosted the 1986 quarter-final match between Argentina and England in which Diego Maradona scored both the Hand of God goal and the Goal of the Century . The stadium also hosted the Game of the Century , when Italy defeated West Germany 4-3 in extra time in one of the 1970 semifinal matches . Additionally , it is scheduled to host games in the 2026 FIFA World Cup . The stadium was also the principal venue for the football tournament of the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1971 Women 's World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': '40,688', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Stadium standards -- Attendance records', 'section_text': 'During Champions League era :', 'uid': 'CONCACAF_Champions_League_0', 'intro': "The CONCACAF Champions League (also known as CONCACAF Champions Cup) is an annual continental club football competition organized by CONCACAF for the top football clubs in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The winner of the CONCACAF Champions League automatically qualifies for the quarter-finals of the FIFA Club World Cup. The tournament has officially been known as the Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League since February 2015 to reflect Scotiabank's sponsorship. The competition has been completed 54 times through the 2019 event, with 56 champions due to a three-way shared title in the 1978 competition. The tournament currently uses a knockout format, though the tournament had a group stage prior to the 2018 tournament. Unlike its European and South American counterparts, the winners of the CONCACAF Champions League do not automatically qualify for the following season's competition. The competition was originally known as the CONCACAF Champions' Cup when it was first organized in 1962. The title has been won by 28 clubs, 17 of which have won the title more than once. Mexican clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories, with 34 titles in total. The second most successful league has been Costa Rica's Primera División with six titles in total. Mexican side Club América are the most successful club in the competition's history with seven titles, followed by fellow Mexican-side Cruz Azul with six titles. The most successful non-Mexican club is Saprissa of Costa Rica with three titles."} | null | null | What anniversary was celebrated in 2018 by the team who hosted the North American team whose colours were blue and white six years before that North American team hosted América for a CONCACAF Champions League match on April 29th ? | 35th |
0b83cf0b23b4975f | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_International_Cross_Country_Championships', 'title': '1959 International Cross Country Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Athlete', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fred Norris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fred_Norris_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Frederick Fred Norris ( 4 September 1921 - 13 December 2006 ) was a British long-distance runner .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '42:44.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Sando', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Sando', 'summary': 'Frank Dennis Sando ( 14 March 1931 - 13 October 2012 ) was a British long-distance runner . A two-time winner at the International Cross Country Championships ( 1955 , 1957 ) , Sando represented Great Britain in two consecutive Summer Olympic Games .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '42:52.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salah Beddiaf', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '43:01.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Basil Heatley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basil_Heatley', 'summary': "Benjamin Basil Heatley ( 25 December 1933 - 3 August 2019 ) was a British competitive long-distance runner , who was an Olympic marathon silver medallist and former world marathon record-holder . Although he favoured cross country running , he was also a skilled marathon runner and , despite running shoe technology being in its infancy , he was able to adapt easily to the change of conditions underfoot . Heatley was a three-time winner of the English National Cross Country title ( 1960 , 1961 , 1963 ) . He competed in the International Cross Country Championships seven times between 1957 and 1964 , winning the world title in 1961 . In the early 1960s , he set a British record and a world record for the 10-mile run , then on 13 June 1964 he broke the record for the world 's fastest marathon . Four months later , he won a silver medal for Great Britain at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics when he finished second in the Olympic marathon ( defending champion Abebe Bikila broke Heatley 's world record on winning his second gold medal ) . The 1964 Olympics marked the end of Heatley 's international career ."}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '43:10.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanley Eldon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_Eldon', 'summary': 'Stanley Edward Eldon ( born 1 May 1936 in Windsor , Berkshire ) is a retired British cross country runner . Eldon is most notable for winning the International Cross Country Championships held in Cardiff in 1958 . Eldon was inspired to become a runner after viewing a film of the 1948 Olympics and joined Eton Athletics Club . In 1956 he ran a junior World Best of 14 minutes 19 seconds over 3 miles . As an adult he came to note as an aggressive front runner . In 1958 he won the International Cross Country Championships in a time of 46 minutes 29 seconds beating Alain Mimoun and Frank Sando into second and third respectively . That same year Eldon won the inaugural Nos Galan road race , and was the mystery runner in the race in 1964 .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '43:10.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alain Mimoun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alain_Mimoun', 'summary': 'Alain Mimoun ( 1 January 1921 - 27 June 2013 ) was an Algerian-born French long-distance runner who competed in track events , cross-country running and the marathon . He was the 1956 Olympic champion in the marathon . He is the most bemedalled French athletics sportsperson in history . In 1999 , readers of the French athletics magazine Athlétisme Magazine voted him as the French Athlete of the 20th Century . On the track Mimoun won three Olympic silver medals , finishing second behind Emil Zátopek in the 10,000 metres final in 1948 and again second behind him in both the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres finals in 1952 . He was also the silver medallist in both events behind Zátopek at the 1950 European Athletics Championships . From 1949 to 1958 , he won four individual gold medals and two individual silver medals at the International Cross Country Championships . He was a four-time gold medallist at the Mediterranean Games , completing the 5,000 m/10,000 m double in both 1951 and 1955 . Born in Algeria , Mimoun fought military battles for France and the Western Allies during World War II . He settled in metropolitan France shortly after leaving the French army . Overall , he represented France in four consecutive Olympic Games from 1948 to 1960 . He competed internationally for France on 86 occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '43:15.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antonio Amoros', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '43:18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhadi Ben Abdesselam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhadi_Ben_Abdesselam', 'summary': "Rhadi Ben Abdesselam ( Arabic : راضي بن عبد السلام ; 28 February 1929 - 4 October 2000 ) was a Moroccan long-distance runner . He competed at the 1960 Olympics in the marathon and 10,000 meters events . He also ran in the International Cross Country Championships in 1958-1963 . In March 1960 , he and Belgium 's Gaston Roelants quickly broke away from the field , and he became the first African athlete to win the individual gold medal in that event , defeating Roelants by 40 yards . On September 8 , 1960 , he finished in 14th place in the finals-only 10,000 meters , in 29:32.0 , almost a minute behind the winner , the Soviet Union 's Pyotr Bolotnikov , who broke the Olympic record for the event . Just two days later , the blazing pace through the first 20 kilometers in the marathon helped result in an eventual world record for the barefoot winner , Ethiopia 's Abebe Bikila . After they dispatched the rest of the field by 25 kilometers , the leading pair stayed stride-for-stride until the final 500 meters , with Ben Abdesselam finishing a close second in 2:15:41.6 , 25.4 seconds behind Abebe 's new world record . Abebe 's mark trimmed 8/10ths of a second off Sergei Popov 's world record of 2:15:17.0 , set in 1958 . Ironically , Abebe had been advised to watch out for Ben Abdesselam , but the latter wore his 10,000 meter competition number , so Abebe was unaware of the identity of his pursuer . Popov finished 5th in Rome , two minutes behind New Zealand 's Barry Magee , who took the bronze medal ."}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '43:20.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcel Vandewattyne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcel_Vandewattyne', 'summary': 'Marcel Vandewattyne ( 7 July 1924 - 18 September 2009 ) was a Belgian long-distance runner who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '43:25.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henri Clerckx', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '43:46.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bakir Benaissa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': '43:50.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Pérez', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '43:53.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alan Perkins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '43:57.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdallah Ould Lamine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '44:02.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Maynard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '44:09.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luis García', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '44:13.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hamoud Ameur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamoud_Ameur', 'summary': 'Hamoud Ameur ( born 6 January 1932 in Algeria ) is a French former long-distance runner who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '44:17.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohamed Said', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': '44:18.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aurèle Vandendriessche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aurèle_Vandendriessche', 'summary': 'Aurèle Vandendriessche ( born 4 July 1932 ) is a retired Belgian marathon runner , who won silver medals at the 1962 and 1966 European Championships . He competed at the 1956 , 1960 and 1964 Olympics with the best result of seventh place in 1964 . Twice winner of the Boston Marathon ( 1963 and 1964 ) , he recorded his best time there , 2:17:44 in 1965 , while finishing fourth . At the 1960 Olympics , Abebe Bikila , followed barefoot at the rear of the lead pack , which was moving at a scorching pace and included Arthur Keily , Bakir Benaïssa , Rhadi Ben Abdesselam who was the reigning world cross-country champion , Bertie Messitt , the marathon world record holder Sergey Popov , and Vandendriessche . Bikila won , setting a world record at 2:15:16.2 . After they dispatched the rest of the field by 25 kilometers , Abdesselam stayed with Bikila until the final 500 meters , finishing second at in 2:15:41.6 . Vandendriessche abandoned the race . He placed seventh at the 1964 Olympics , where Bikila won again with a new worlds record .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '44:27.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alastair Wood', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '44:28', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Individual Race Results -- Men 's ( 9 mi / 14.5 km )", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1959_International_Cross_Country_Championships_0', 'intro': 'The 1959 International Cross Country Championships was held in Lisbon, Portugal, at the National Stadium on March 21, 1959. Morocco entered a team for the first time after gaining independence. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald. Complete results, medallists, \n and the results of British athletes were published.'} | null | null | Which Olympics inspired the fifth place finisher at the 1959 International Cross Country Championships to become a runner ? | 1948 Olympics |
0b83f008b5eae43d | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_shows_set_in_New_York_City', 'title': 'List of television shows set in New York City', 'header': ['Title', 'Start', 'End'], 'data': [{'value': 'The $ treet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_$treet', 'summary': 'The Street ( stylized as The $ treet ) is an American drama series that aired on Fox in 2000 . It was created by Jeff Rake and Darren Star . Only 12 episodes were produced , and the series was pulled from U.S. airwaves after seven episodes aired . All 12 episodes aired overseas , and are currently available for viewing on YouTube .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The 10th Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_10th_Kingdom', 'summary': "The 10th Kingdom is an American fairytale fantasy miniseries written by Simon Moore and produced by Britain 's Carnival Films , Germany 's Babelsberg Film und Fernsehen , and the US 's Hallmark Entertainment . It depicts the adventures of a young woman and her father after they are transported from New York City , through a magical mirror into a parallel world of fairy tales . The miniseries was initially broadcast over five nights in two-hour episodes on NBC , beginning February 27 , 2000 . It won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Design in 2000 . The premiere had over 14.04 million viewers ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Welcome to New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Welcome_to_New_York_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Welcome to New York is an American sitcom television series created by Barbara Wallace and Thomas R. Wolfe , that aired on CBS . The show premiered October 11 , 2000 , and aired until January 17 , 2001 . CBS canceled the show due to low ratings . Looking back , Gaffigan said , I dont think I had the maturity to take the authority I should have , and as he was not a contributing writer he felt the team would dismiss his ideas .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Law & Order : Criminal Intent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Law_&_Order:_Criminal_Intent', 'summary': "Law & Order : Criminal Intent is an American police procedural drama television series set in New York City , where it was also primarily produced . Created and produced by Dick Wolf and René Balcer , the series premiered on September 30 , 2001 , as the third series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . Criminal Intent focuses on the investigations of the Major Case Squad in a fictionalized version of the New York City Police Department set in New York City 's One Police Plaza . In the style of the original Law & Order , episodes are often ripped from the headlines or loosely based on a real crime that received media attention . The series aired on NBC for the first six seasons but was moved to the NBCUniversal-owned USA Network starting with the seventh season to share costs and due to declining ratings . During its NBC run , each episode aired on USA the week after its original NBC airing . The 10th and final season premiered on Sunday , May 1 , 2011 , at 9 p.m. EDT with original cast members Vincent D'Onofrio and Kathryn Erbe starring as Detectives Robert Goren and Alexandra Eames , respectively , and featuring Jay O. Sanders as Captain Joseph Hannah . The series ended on June 26 , 2011 , after 10 seasons comprising 195 episodes ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grounded for Life', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grounded_for_Life', 'summary': "Grounded for Life is an American sitcom television series that debuted on January 10 , 2001 , as a mid-season replacement on the Fox Network . It was created by Mike Schiff and Bill Martin . It ran for two seasons on the network until being cancelled only two episodes into its third season . It was immediately picked up for the rest of the third season by The WB , where it aired for two additional seasons until the series ended on January 28 , 2005 . The show starred Donal Logue and Megyn Price as Sean and Claudia Finnerty , an Irish Catholic couple living on Staten Island , New York with their three children : Lily ( Lynsey Bartilson ) , Jimmy ( Griffin Frazen ) , and Henry ( Jake Burbage ) . The show also stars Kevin Corrigan , Bret Harrison , and Richard Riehle . The show has featured guest stars such as Ashton Kutcher , Danny Masterson , Mila Kunis , Wilmer Valderrama ( cast of That '70s Show ) , Dave Foley , Kevin McDonald , Scott Thompson ( cast of The Kids in the Hall ) , Mike Vogel , Natasha Lyonne , Vincent Pastore , Miriam Flynn , Stephen Root , and Elizabeth Berridge ( Kevin Corrigan 's real-life wife ) ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Job', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Job_(2001_TV_series)', 'summary': "The Job is an American single-camera sitcom that aired on ABC between March 14 , 2001 and April 24 , 2002 . Many of the principal actors went on to either star or guest star in the FX network 's Denis Leary-produced Rescue Me . In Rescue Me , the lead character ( played by Leary ) is very similar to Mike McNeil , but is a fireman rather than a police officer ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Animal Precinct', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Animal_Precinct', 'summary': "Animal Precinct is an American documentary reality television series that originally aired from June 26 , 2001 , to February 4 , 2008 , on Animal Planet . Set in New York City , the series follows the animal cruelty agents of the ASPCA 's Humane Law Enforcement Division as they work as advocates for the five million pets and other animals in New York City , sometimes removing them from dangerous situations and pursuing arrests of those who have been accused of being cruel to animals . The show was filmed locally by crews from Anglia Television , edited in the UK and shown on Discovery Channel networks worldwide ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/24_(TV_series)', 'summary': "24 is an American action drama television series created by Joel Surnow and Robert Cochran for Fox . The series stars Kiefer Sutherland as counter-terrorist agent Jack Bauer . Each season , comprising 24 episodes , covers 24 hours in Bauer 's life using the real time method of narration . Premiering on November 6 , 2001 , the show spanned 192 episodes over eight seasons ; the series finale broadcast on May 24 , 2010 . In addition , a television film , 24 : Redemption , was broadcast between seasons six and seven , on November 23 , 2008 . 24 returned with a ninth season titled 24 : Live Another Day , which aired from May 5 to July 14 , 2014 . 24 : Legacy , a spin-off series featuring new characters , premiered on February 5 , 2017 . After the cancellation of Legacy in June 2017 , Fox announced its plan to develop a new incarnation of the franchise . 24 is a joint production by Imagine Television and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television . The series begins with Bauer working for the Los Angeles-based Counter Terrorist Unit , in which he is a highly proficient agent with an ends justify the means approach , regardless of the perceived morality of some of his actions . Throughout the series most of the main plot elements unfold like a political thriller . A typical plot has Bauer racing against the clock as he attempts to thwart multiple terrorist plots , including presidential assassination attempts , weapons of mass destruction detonations , bioterrorism , cyber attacks , as well as conspiracies that deal with government and corporate corruption ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Family Affair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Family_Affair_(2002)', 'summary': "Family Affair is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from September 12 , 1966 , to March 4 , 1971 . The series explored the trials of well-to-do engineer and bachelor Bill Davis ( Brian Keith ) as he attempted to raise his brother 's orphaned children in his luxury New York City apartment . Davis ' traditional English gentleman 's gentleman , Mr. Giles French ( Sebastian Cabot ) , also had adjustments to make as he became saddled with the responsibility of caring for 15-year-old Cissy ( Kathy Garver ) and the five-year-old twins , Jody ( Johnny Whitaker ) and Buffy ( Anissa Jones ) . Family Affair ran for 138 episodes in five seasons . The show was created and produced by Edmund Hartmann and Don Fedderson , also known for My Three Sons and The Millionaire ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Less Than Perfect', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Less_Than_Perfect', 'summary': 'Less Than Perfect is an American sitcom created by Terri Minsky and starring Sara Rue and Sherri Shepherd which originally aired on ABC from October 1 , 2002 , to June 27 , 2006 . It follows Claude ( Rue ) , who works at a television network named GNB , as well as her friends and colleagues .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'What I Like About You', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/What_I_Like_About_You_(TV_series)', 'summary': "What I Like About You is an American sitcom television series set mainly in New York City , following the lives of two sisters : responsible older sister Val ( Jennie Garth ) and her vivacious teenaged sister Holly ( Amanda Bynes ) . The series ran on The WB from September 20 , 2002 , to March 24 , 2006 , with a total of 86 episodes produced . With the exception of a brief period early in the second season , What I Like About You was a headline on The WB 's Friday Night Comedy Lineup . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Without a Trace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Without_a_Trace', 'summary': 'Without a Trace is an American police procedural drama television series that originally aired on CBS from September 26 , 2002 to May 19 , 2009 , following the cases of a Missing Persons Unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) in New York City . On May 19 , 2009 , CBS announced the cancellation of the series after seven seasons .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': "America 's Next Top Model", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/America's_Next_Top_Model", 'summary': "America 's Next Top Model ( abbreviated ANTM and Top Model ) is an American reality television series and interactive competition in which a number of aspiring models compete for the title of America 's Next Top Model and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry . Created by Tyra Banks , who also serves as an executive producer , and developed by Ken Mok and Kenya Barris , the series premiered in May 2003 , and aired semiannually until 2012 , then annually from 2013 . The first six seasons ( referred to as cycles ) aired on UPN , before UPN merged with The WB to create The CW in 2006 . The following sixteen cycles aired on The CW until the series was first cancelled in October 2015 . The series was revived in 2016 and has been airing on VH1 ever since . The series was among the highest-rated programs on UPN and was the highest-rated show on The CW from 2007 to 2010 . Advertisers paid $ 61,315 per 30-second slot during the 2011-12 television season , the highest of any series on The CW . The first 22 cycles of the series and cycle 24 were presented by Banks , while cycle 23 was presented by Rita Ora . The series also employs a panel of two or three additional judges , a creative director and a runway coach . Cycles 1-16 , 19 and 23-24 each consisted of a cast of 10-15 female contestants with no previous participation on the series . Cycle 17 's cast consisted entirely of previous participants , while cycle 18 's had seven new contestants and seven former Britain 's Next Top Model participants . Cycles 20-22 featured male contestants in the contest , including two male winners ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tarzan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tarzan_(2003_TV_series)', 'summary': "Tarzan is an American adventure-drama television series that premiered on The WB on October 5 , 2003 , and ended on November 23 , 2003 . Based on the Tarzan series by Edgar Rice Burroughs and developed by Eric Kripke , Mike Werb and Michael Colleary , the show was set in New York City and depicted modern-day adaptations of Burroughs ' characters . In December 2003 , the series was canceled after eight episodes ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spider-Man : The New Animated Series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spider-Man:_The_New_Animated_Series', 'summary': 'Spider-Man : The New Animated Series ( also known as MTV Spider-Man ) is an American-Canadian animated television series based on the Marvel comic book superhero character Spider-Man . The show was made using computer generated imagery ( CGI ) rendered in cel shading . It ran for only one season of 13 episodes , premiering on July 11 , 2003 , and was broadcast on MTV and YTV . As of October 13 , 2018 , Viceland picked up the series for syndication , making it the first time the series has been aired on television in fifteen years .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_(2003_cartoon)', 'summary': "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( also known as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles : The Animated Series , TMNT : Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles or TMNT 2003 ) is an American animated television series , based on the fictional superhero team of the same name . The series is a first reboot of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . The series is mainly set in New York City . It first aired on February 8 , 2003 and ended on March 27 , 2010 . The series marked the revival of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles as a Saturday-morning cartoon . It first aired on Fox 's Fox Box programming block ( later known as 4Kids TV ) , before moving to The CW 's The CW4Kids for its last season . Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles was announced in May 2002 and produced by 4Kids Entertainment and Mirage Studios , which co-owned rights to the show and animated by Dong Woo Animation . After buying the TMNT franchise in October 2009 , Viacom now owns the rights to the 2003 series . Reruns of the series began airing on the Pluto TV channel May 2 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tru Calling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tru_Calling', 'summary': 'Tru Calling is an American television supernatural drama series that aired on Fox . Original episodes aired between October 30 , 2003 , and March 11 , 2005 ; however , the final episode was shown in other territories before it was aired in the U.S. due to lower than anticipated ratings . The show starred Eliza Dushku as Tru Davies , a twenty-two-year-old medical school student who takes a job at the city morgue when her internship falls through . When the corpse of a deceased woman seems to awaken and asks for her help , Tru discovers that she has the incredible power to relive that day in order to try to prevent that death . Over the course of the series , Tru struggles to keep her secret , juggle her responsibilities with her complicated personal life , and learn to control her power . Created by Jon Harmon Feldman , the show was produced by Original Film , Oh That Gus ! , Inc. , and 20th Century Fox Television .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Apprentice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Apprentice_(U.S._TV_Series)', 'summary': "The Apprentice is an American documentary reality television program that judges the business skills of a group of contestants . It has run in various formats across fifteen seasons since January 2004 on NBC , with the most recent season having run in 2015 . The Apprentice was created by British-born American television producer Mark Burnett . Billed as The Ultimate Job Interview , the show features fourteen to eighteen business people who compete over the course of a season , with usually one contestant eliminated per episode . Contestants are split into two corporations ( teams ) , with one member from each volunteering as a project manager on each new task . The corporations complete business-related tasks such as selling products , raising money for charity , or creating an advertising campaign , with one corporation selected as the winner based on objective measures and subjective opinions of the host and his advisors who monitor the teams ' performance on tasks . The losing corporation attends a boardroom meeting with the show 's host and their advisors to break down why they lost and determine who contributed the least to the team . Episodes ended with the host eliminating one contestant from the competition , with the words You 're fired ! Seven of the show 's seasons featured aspiring , but otherwise unknown , businesspersons who would vie for the show 's prize , a one-year $ 250,000 starting contract to promote one of Donald Trump 's properties . There have also been eight seasons of The Celebrity Apprentice since 2008 . In this format , several celebrities would participate to win money for their chosen charities , with the final prize being a large donation to the celebrity 's charity and the title of Apprentice . A reboot of this format , The New Celebrity Apprentice , aired in January 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Jury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Jury_(TV_series)', 'summary': "The Jury is an American legal drama television series that was broadcast on Fox in 2004 . Each week , in the same New York City courtroom , a new 12-person jury deliberates over a criminal case . Each episode begins at the start of jury deliberations ; the trial is recounted through flashbacks . Fox announced the series ' cancellation in July 2004 due to low ratings , but all ten episodes were aired ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CSI : NY', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CSI:_NY', 'summary': 'CSI : NY ( Crime Scene Investigation : New York , stylized as CSI : NY/Crime Scene Investigation ) is an American police procedural television series that ran on CBS from September 22 , 2004 , to February 22 , 2013 , for a total of nine seasons and 197 original episodes . The show follows the investigations of a team of NYPD forensic scientists and police officers identified as Crime Scene Investigators ( instead of the actual title of Crime Scene Unit Forensic Technicians ( CSU ) ) as they unveil the circumstances behind mysterious and unusual deaths , as well as other crimes . The series is an indirect spin-off from the veteran series CSI : Crime Scene Investigation and a direct spin-off from CSI : Miami , during an episode in which several of the CSI : NY characters made their first appearances . It is the third series in the CSI franchise . Originally in 2004 , CSI : NY was produced in partnership with the Canadian media company Alliance Atlantis . The company dissolved after season three in 2007 , and all production after that was done under the purview of CBS Paramount Television . The show was filmed at the CBS Studio Center , with many of the outside scenes shot in and around Los Angeles . Occasionally , scenes were filmed on location in New York City . The series ended its ninth and final season on February 22 , 2013 . It was canceled by CBS on May 10 , 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Shows set primarily in the five boroughs -- 2000s', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_television_shows_set_in_New_York_City_4', 'intro': 'This page provides a partial list of television shows set in New York City.'} | null | null | Who is the central character of the series that only lasted a season and was picked up by Viceland in 2018 ? | Spider-Man |
0b8433213c1fe1cf | hybridqa | {'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women's_wrestling_promotions_in_the_United_States", 'title': "List of women's wrestling promotions in the United States", 'header': ['Promotion name', 'Location', 'Promoter ( s )', 'Years active'], 'data': [{'value': 'ChickFight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ChickFight', 'summary': "ChickFight was a women 's professional wrestling promotion based in San Francisco , California ."}]}, {'value': 'San Francisco , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco,_California', 'summary': "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ."}]}, {'value': 'Jason Deadrich', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gorgeous_Ladies_of_Wrestling', 'summary': "Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling ( also known by its initials as GLOW or G.L.O.W . ) is a women 's professional wrestling promotion that began in 1986 ( the pilot was filmed in December 1985 ) and has continued in various forms after it left television . Colorful characters , strong women , and over-the-top comedy sketches were integral to the series ' success . Most of the performers were actresses , models , dancers or stunt women hoping to enter show business . While the Bleacher Report ranked GLOW at # 15 on its list of the 25 worst wrestling promotions in 2011 , a Netflix series based on the show that premiered in 2017 has since revived interest ."}]}, {'value': 'Las Vegas , Nevada ( 1986-1992 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip', 'summary': "The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of South Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County , Nevada that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos . The Strip , about 4.2 miles ( 6.8 km ) long , sits immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester but is often referred to as being in Las Vegas . Many of the largest hotel , casino , and resort properties in the world are located on the Strip , known for its contemporary architecture , lights , and wide variety of attractions . Its hotels , casinos , restaurants , residential high-rises , entertainment offerings , and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas ' economy . Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road and is considered a scenic route at night ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nevada', 'summary': "Nevada ( /nɪˈvædə/ or /nɪˈvɑːdə/ ) is a state in the Western United States . It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest , Idaho to the northeast , California to the west , Arizona to the southeast , and Utah to the east . Nevada is the 7th most extensive , the 32nd most populous , and the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states . Nearly three-quarters of Nevada 's people live in Clark County , which contains the Las Vegas-Paradise metropolitan area , including three of the state 's four largest incorporated cities . Nevada 's capital is Carson City . Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy . It is also known as the Battle Born State because it achieved statehood during the Civil War ( the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag ) ; as the Sagebrush State , for the native plant of the same name ; and as the Sage-hen State . Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid , much of it within the Great Basin . Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert , while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge . About 86% of the state 's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government , both civilian and military . Before European contact , American Indians of the Paiute , Shoshone , and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada . The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish ."}]}, {'value': 'Meshulam Riklis ( 1986-2001 ) Ursula Hayden ( 2001-present )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meshulam_Riklis', 'summary': 'Meshulam Riklis ( Hebrew : משולם ריקליס ; 2 December 1923 - 25 January 2019 ) was a Turkish-born Israeli businessman .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ursula_Hayden', 'summary': "Ursula Hayden ( born Ursa Bamby Hayden ; March 8 , 1966 ) is an American professional wrestler , actress , and business woman . She is best known for her character Babe the Farmer 's Daughter on the 1980s television show Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling ( also known as GLOW ) and being the owner of the company since 2001 . She is also a series consultant on the Netflix original web series GLOW ."}]}, {'value': '1986-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ladies Major League Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ladies_Major_League_Wrestling', 'summary': "Ladies Major League Wrestling ( LMLW ) was a women 's professional wrestling company that operated from 1989-1992 . Their cards were promoted under the Wild Women of Wrestling ( WWOW ) name ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Howard Brody', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989-1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ladies Professional Wrestling Association', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ladies_Professional_Wrestling_Association', 'summary': "The Ladies Professional Wrestling Association ( LPWA ) was a women 's professional wrestling promotion which operated in the early 1990s ( ca . 1989-1992 ) . It was considered a successor to such women 's promotions as Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling ( GLOW ) , but it differed in that , while GLOW slanted more toward WWF-style sports entertainment ( with wrestling playing a secondary role to music video clips and comedy skits ) , the LPWA treated its product seriously and put its primary emphasis on in-ring athletics ."}]}, {'value': 'Laughlin , Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laughlin,_Nevada', 'summary': "Laughlin /ˈlɔːf.lɪn/ is an unincorporated town and census-designated place in Clark County , Nevada , United States . It is located on the Colorado River , directly across from the much larger Bullhead City , Arizona . Laughlin lies 90 miles ( 140 km ) south of Las Vegas , in the far southern tip of Nevada , and is known for its gaming and water recreation . As of the 2010 census , the population was 7,323 . The nearby communities of Bullhead City , Arizona ; Needles , California ; Fort Mohave , Arizona ; and Mohave Valley , Arizona , bring the area 's total population to about 100,000 . Laughlin is also 286 miles ( 460 km ) northeast of Los Angeles . Laughlin was named for Don Laughlin , an Owatonna , Minnesota native who purchased the southern tip of Nevada in 1964 ( informally called South Pointe ) . At the time , Don Laughlin operated the 101 Club in Las Vegas . He opened what would become the Riverside Resort , and later wanted to call the community Riverside or Casino , but the post office opted for Laughlin instead ."}]}, {'value': 'Tor Berg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989-1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Naked Women 's Wrestling League", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Naked_Women's_Wrestling_League", 'summary': "The Naked Women 's Wrestling League , also known as NWWL , is a defunct erotic women 's professional wrestling promotion which featured naked females battling in the ring . Carmen Electra acted as hostess for the organization until 2007 , when she sued the company for breach of contract . The NWWL broadcast shows around the world , and its wrestlers were featured in magazines such as Penthouse , Playboy , and Maxim ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Howard Mann', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Powerful Women of Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerful_Women_of_Wrestling', 'summary': "Powerful Women of Wrestling ( also known as POWW ) was a women 's professional wrestling promotion based out of Indianapolis , Indiana founded by David McLane , founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling and Women of Wrestling ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis , Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana', 'summary': "Indianapolis ( /ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs/ ) , often shortened to Indy , is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County . According to 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County was 876,862 . The balance population , which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County , was 867,125 . It is the 17th most populous city in the U.S . The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. , with 2,048,703 residents . Its combined statistical area ranks 28th , with a population of 2,431,361 . Indianapolis covers 368 square miles ( 950 km2 ) , making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S. Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to approximately 2000 BC . In 1818 , the Delaware relinquished their tribal lands in the Treaty of St. Mary 's . In 1821 , Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana 's state government . The city was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1-square-mile ( 2.6 km2 ) grid next to the White River . Completion of the National and Michigan roads and arrival of rail later solidified the city 's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub . Two of the city 's nicknames reflect its historical ties to transportation - the Crossroads of America and Railroad City ."}]}, {'value': 'David McLane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_McLane', 'summary': 'David B. McLane is an American businessman , known primarily as a wrestling promoter and television producer . He was the creator of the GLOW-Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling and WOW-Women Of Wrestling ( recognized as WOW ! and WOW ) , both nationally syndicated series . He also created the ESPN series of the World Roller Hockey League , Pro Beach Hockey and the Triple Crown of Polo . All of these programs are termed properties under his company banner David McLane Enterprises , Inc .'}]}, {'value': '1987-1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Professional Girl Wrestling Association', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Professional_Girl_Wrestling_Association', 'summary': "The Professional Girl Wrestling Association ( PGWA ) is an America women 's professional wrestling promotion . The aim of the PGWA is to preserve and promote Old School Women 's professional wrestling . Based in North Carolina , the organization frequently sponsors matches and whole cards in the Mid-Atlantic and Mid-South states , as well as in Mexico and the United Kingdom through partnerships with other regional promotions . From its founding in 1992 until her death in mid-2008 , the Commissioner of the PGWA was Penny Banner ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Randolph', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rise Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rise_Wrestling', 'summary': "Rise Wrestling ( stylized as RiSE Wrestling or RISE Wrestling and often referred to simply as RiSE ) is an American , independent women 's professional wrestling promotion . It airs events on Internet pay-per-view ( iPPV by subscription ) and hosts live events around the US ."}]}, {'value': 'Naperville , Illinois', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Harvey', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shimmer Women Athletes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shimmer_Women_Athletes', 'summary': "Shimmer Women Athletes ( often referred to and stylized as SHIMMER ) is an American , Chicago-based independent women 's professional wrestling promotion which held its first event on November 6 , 2005 . Established by Dave Prazak and run by both him and Allison Danger , the promotion was created to give female wrestling talent from North America and beyond a serious , non-objectifying platform on which to display their skills . The company takes a unique approach to staging its live events : Shimmer runs one large show every three months ( on average ) at the Eagles Club in Berwyn , Illinois . Two DVDs worth of material are taped at each of these super-shows , and are sold as single volumes - initially through Ring of Honor 's online store , before being nationally distributed through retail outlets . Due to Prazak 's prior work with Ring of Honor , the two companies are closely affiliated , with ROH promoting Shimmer by periodically featuring its performers on ROH pre- and main-show cards . In September 2008 , Shimmer announced it would start its own wrestling school for female athletes . Ring of Honor previously recognized the Shimmer Championship and the Shimmer Tag Team Championship ; both of which have even been defended at ROH events . Its former sister promotion Full Impact Pro also recognized the titles and had defenses of them at its events . Shimmer 's sister promotions include Shine Wrestling , a WWNLive brand which debuted on July 20 , 2012 , and Rise Wrestling , which was originally founded in 2016 as a developmental program ."}]}, {'value': 'Berwyn , Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berwyn,_Illinois', 'summary': 'Berwyn /ˈbɜːrwɪn/ is a suburban city in Cook County , Illinois , coterminous with Berwyn Township , which was formed in 1908 after breaking off from Cicero Township . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 56,657 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dave Prazak and Allison Danger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allison_Danger', 'summary': 'Cathy Allison Corino ( born March 31 , 1977 ) is a Canadian retired professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager , better known by her ring name , Allison Danger .'}]}, {'value': '2005-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shine Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shine_Wrestling', 'summary': "Shine Wrestling ( stylized as SHINE Wrestling and often referred to simply as SHINE ) is an American , New York based independent women 's professional wrestling promotion . It is the sister promotion to Shimmer Women Athletes and airs events on Internet pay-per-view ( iPPV ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Ybor City , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ybor_City,_Florida', 'summary': "Ybor City ( /ˈiːbɔːr/ EE-bor ) is a historic neighborhood in Tampa , Florida , United States , located just northeast of downtown . It was founded in the 1880s by Vicente Martinez-Ybor and other cigar manufacturers and was populated by thousands of immigrants , mainly from Cuba , Spain , and Italy . For the next 50 years , workers in Ybor City 's cigar factories rolled hundreds of millions of cigars annually . Ybor City was unique in the American South as a successful town almost entirely populated and owned by immigrants . The neighborhood had features unusual among contemporary communities in the south , most notably its multi-ethnic and multi-racial population and their many mutual aid societies . The cigar industry employed thousands of well-paid workers , helping Tampa grow from an economically depressed village to a bustling city in about 20 years and giving it the nickname Cigar City . Ybor City grew and flourished from the 1890s until the Great Depression of the 1930s , when a drop in demand for fine cigars reduced the number of cigar factories and mechanization in the cigar industry greatly reduced employment opportunities in the neighborhood . This process accelerated after World War II , and a steady exodus of residents and businesses continued until large areas of the formerly vibrant neighborhood were virtually abandoned by the late 1970s . Attempts at redevelopment failed until the 1980s , when an influx of artists began a slow process of gentrification . In the 1990s and early 2000s , a portion of the original neighborhood around 7th Avenue developed into a night club and entertainment district , and many old buildings were renovated for new uses . Since then , the area 's economy has diversified with more offices and residences , and the population has shown notable growth for the first time in over half a century . Ybor City has been designated as a National Historic Landmark District , and several structures in the area are listed in the National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'Dave Prazak and Lexie Fyfe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lexie_Fyfe', 'summary': "Mary Beth Bentley ( born May 30 , 1969 ) , better known by her ring name Lexie Fyfe , is an American professional wrestler . She has wrestled in various independent wrestling promotions , most notably for Shimmer Women Athletes . She is a one-time NWA World Women 's Championship also appeared on WWE RAW as the fake Hillary Clinton ."}]}, {'value': '2012-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Women 's Extreme Wrestling", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia , Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ."}]}, {'value': 'Dan Kowal , Greg Bagarozy , Steve Karel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002-2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Women of Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Women_of_Wrestling', 'summary': "WOW - Women Of Wrestling , aka WOW ! , is a women 's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane , previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling . It is based in Los Angeles , California , and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss . The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers , with names befitting a comic book series , such as Jungle Grrrl , an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat , a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star , and the Persian Princess . WOW programs were able to stand out from other wrestling programs by offering television viewers and live event audience an all female troupe of performers who played campy villains and heroines in all sizes and nationalities . By being the only entertainment source of its kind , WOW captured a strong adult demographic following with its primary audience , the male television audience ( 18-49 years of age ) generating 25% higher ratings than its secondary audience of young women ( 18-24 ) , teens , and tweens ( 7-12 ) . After a long hiatus , in December 2014 , WOW ! announced their launch into digital media in 2015 . Marketed as WOW Superheroes , its characters are empowered women from all different backgrounds and professions . Season 2 of the show premiered on March 1 , 2016 , on YouTube . Its fourth season premiered February 28 , 2017 . On April 20 , 2017 , MGM Television announced that Mark Burnett , MGM 's President , Television Group & Digital , and Jeanie Buss formed a partnership to develop new content across a range of unscripted programming and digital formats for WOW ! . Beginning with season 5 , WOW will be broadcast on AXS TV ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': 'David McLane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_McLane', 'summary': 'David B. McLane is an American businessman , known primarily as a wrestling promoter and television producer . He was the creator of the GLOW-Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling and WOW-Women Of Wrestling ( recognized as WOW ! and WOW ) , both nationally syndicated series . He also created the ESPN series of the World Roller Hockey League , Pro Beach Hockey and the Triple Crown of Polo . All of these programs are termed properties under his company banner David McLane Enterprises , Inc .'}]}, {'value': '2000-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Women Superstars Uncensored', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Women_Superstars_Uncensored', 'summary': "Women Superstars United ( WSU ; formerly Women Superstars Uncensored ) is an American , New Jersey based women 's professional wrestling promotion which held its first event in 2006 . Shows combine wrestling interspersed with both serious and comedic storylines . The company tapes two DVDs worth of material during weekend shows . Although many of the shows are promoted solely by WSU , they have also worked with National Wrestling Superstars . As of October 2009 , the promotion has a working agreement with Dragon Gate USA . WSU is considered one of the top women 's wrestling organizations in the United States . The company claims to be the leader in women 's wrestling in the northeast and to promote more cards than any other women 's wrestling company in the country . In 2019 , WSU rebranded from Women Superstars Uncensored to Women Superstars United ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jac Sabboth ( 2006-2007 ) Sean McCaffrey ( 2007-2012 ) Drew Cordeiro ( 2012-2014 ) DJ Hyde ( 2013-present )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DJ_Hyde', 'summary': 'David John Markland ( born March 1 , 1978 ) is an American professional wrestler and promoter , better known as DJ Hyde .'}]}, {'value': '2006-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': "World Women 's Wrestling", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/World_Women's_Wrestling", 'summary': "World Women 's Wrestling ( WWW or Triple W ) was a New England based women 's professional wrestling promotion . New England Championship Wrestling ( NECW ) recognized the World Women 's Wrestling Championship , and it was defended at NECW events ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamaica Plain , Massachusetts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamaica_Plain,_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Jamaica Plain is a neighborhood of 4.4 square miles ( 11 km2 ) in the city of Boston , Massachusetts , USA . Founded by Boston Puritans seeking farm land to the south , it was originally part of the town of Roxbury . The community seceded from Roxbury as a part of the new town of West Roxbury in 1851 , and became part of Boston when West Roxbury was annexed in 1874 . In the 19th century , Jamaica Plain became one of the first streetcar suburbs in America and home to a significant portion of Boston 's Emerald Necklace of parks , designed by Frederick Law Olmsted . In 2010 , Jamaica Plain had a population of 37,468 according to the United States Census ."}]}, {'value': 'Sheldon Goldberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006-2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wrestlicious', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestlicious', 'summary': "Wrestlicious was an American women 's professional wrestling promotion based in Tampa , Florida . The company was founded by Jonathan Vargas , who won a Powerball jackpot of $ 35.3 million in 2008 . It is known for its sketch comedy and has been often compared to Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling . In 2011 , Bleacher Report ranked Wrestlicious # 11 on its list of the 25 worst wrestling promotions ."}]}, {'value': 'Tampa , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampa,_Florida', 'summary': "Tampa is a major city in , and the county seat of , Hillsborough County , Florida , United States . It is on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay , near the Gulf of Mexico . Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay Area . With a population of 392,890 in 2018 , Tampa is the third-largest city in Florida , after Miami and Jacksonville . The bay 's port is the largest in the state , near downtown 's Channel District . Bayshore Boulevard runs along the bay , and is east of the historic Hyde Park neighborhood . Today , Tampa is part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area . For U.S. Census purposes , Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . The four-county area is composed of roughly 3.1 million residents , making it the second largest metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) in the state , and the fourth largest in the Southeastern United States , behind Washington , D.C. ; Miami ; and Atlanta . The Greater Tampa Bay area , has over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas . The city had a population of 335,709 at the 2010 census , and an estimated population of 392,890 in 2018 . As of 2018 , Tampa 's annual growth rate is 1.63% ."}]}, {'value': 'Jonathan Vargas Johnny Cafarella Jimmy Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Hart', 'summary': 'James Ray Hart ( born January 1 , 1943 ) is an American professional wrestling manager , executive , composer , and musician currently signed with WWE in a Legends deal . He is best known for his work in the World Wrestling Federation and World Championship Wrestling , where he used the nickname The Mouth of the South . He has managed many professional wrestlers , including Hulk Hogan , Bret Hart ( no relation ) and Jim Neidhart ( The Hart Foundation ) , Greg The Hammer Valentine , Jerry The King Lawler , The Million Dollar Man Ted DiBiase , Irwin R. Schyster , The Mountie , Earthquake , Typhoon , Dino Bravo , the Nasty Boys , The Giant , and The Honky Tonk Man . He was at one time AWA Southern Heavyweight Champion . Before becoming involved with professional wrestling , Hart was a member of rock band The Gentrys , best known for their 1965 top five Billboard Hot 100 hit , Keep on Dancing .'}]}, {'value': '2009-2010', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': "This article is about women 's professional wrestling promotions in the United States . For an international listing , see List of women 's wrestling promotions . This is a list of women 's professional wrestling promotions in the United States , both active and defunct women 's promotions from the 1980s through the present .", 'uid': 'WILD_World_Championship_0', 'intro': "This is a list of women's professional wrestling promotions in the United States, both active and defunct women's promotions from the 1980s through the present."} | null | null | Producing one show every three months , the female wrestling event was a non-objectifying platform on which to display the athlete 's skills , which was promoted by Dave Prazak and a retired , Canadian wrestler that has what real name ? | Cathy Allison Corino |
0b84c997732ded08 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_International_Cross_Country_Championships', 'title': '1960 International Cross Country Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Country', 'Team', 'Points'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Basil Heatley Fred Norris Frank Sando Harry Minshall Stanley Eldon Gerry North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basil_Heatley', 'summary': "Benjamin Basil Heatley ( 25 December 1933 - 3 August 2019 ) was a British competitive long-distance runner , who was an Olympic marathon silver medallist and former world marathon record-holder . Although he favoured cross country running , he was also a skilled marathon runner and , despite running shoe technology being in its infancy , he was able to adapt easily to the change of conditions underfoot . Heatley was a three-time winner of the English National Cross Country title ( 1960 , 1961 , 1963 ) . He competed in the International Cross Country Championships seven times between 1957 and 1964 , winning the world title in 1961 . In the early 1960s , he set a British record and a world record for the 10-mile run , then on 13 June 1964 he broke the record for the world 's fastest marathon . Four months later , he won a silver medal for Great Britain at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics when he finished second in the Olympic marathon ( defending champion Abebe Bikila broke Heatley 's world record on winning his second gold medal ) . The 1964 Olympics marked the end of Heatley 's international career ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fred_Norris_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Frederick Fred Norris ( 4 September 1921 - 13 December 2006 ) was a British long-distance runner .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frank_Sando', 'summary': 'Frank Dennis Sando ( 14 March 1931 - 13 October 2012 ) was a British long-distance runner . A two-time winner at the International Cross Country Championships ( 1955 , 1957 ) , Sando represented Great Britain in two consecutive Summer Olympic Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stan_Eldon', 'summary': 'Stanley Edward Eldon ( born 1 May 1936 in Windsor , Berkshire ) is a retired British cross country runner . Eldon is most notable for winning the International Cross Country Championships held in Cardiff in 1958 . Eldon was inspired to become a runner after viewing a film of the 1948 Olympics and joined Eton Athletics Club . In 1956 he ran a junior World Best of 14 minutes 19 seconds over 3 miles . As an adult he came to note as an aggressive front runner . In 1958 he won the International Cross Country Championships in a time of 46 minutes 29 seconds beating Alain Mimoun and Frank Sando into second and third respectively . That same year Eldon won the inaugural Nos Galan road race , and was the mystery runner in the race in 1964 .'}]}, {'value': '52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Gaston Roelants Henri Clerckx Hedwig Leenaert Eugène Allonsius Georges Fromont Marcel Vandewattyne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaston_Roelants', 'summary': 'Gaston , Baron Roelants ( born 5 February 1937 ) , a Belgian former elite steeplechaser and cross country runner . He won the 1962 European and 1964 Olympic titles in the 3000 m steeplechase and twice broke the world record .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hedwig_Leenaert', 'summary': "Hedwig Leenaert ( 28 November 1931 - 19 June 2017 ) was a Belgian long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 5000 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Eugène_Allonsius', 'summary': 'Eugène Allonsius ( born 12 December 1937 ) is a retired Belgian middle- and long-distance runner . He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres events , but failed to reach the finals . During his career Allonsius set five national records . He was a two-time Belgian champion in the 1500 m , won the 5000 m national title at nine times , and was also the 1968 national champion in the 10,000 metres . In addition to this , he competed as a guest athlete in the mile run at the 1966 South African championships and won that race . He won the long race at the 1963 World Military Cross Country Championships . He was the victor at the 1966 Volkscross in Brussels . In 1966 he established Allonsius Sport , a company specializing in athletics training and supplies .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marcel_Vandewattyne', 'summary': 'Marcel Vandewattyne ( 7 July 1924 - 18 September 2009 ) was a Belgian long-distance runner who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '61', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamoud Ameur Salah Beddiaf Alain Mimoun Francis Duleau Paul Genève Henri Lucas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamoud_Ameur', 'summary': 'Hamoud Ameur ( born 6 January 1932 in Algeria ) is a French former long-distance runner who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alain_Mimoun', 'summary': 'Alain Mimoun ( 1 January 1921 - 27 June 2013 ) was an Algerian-born French long-distance runner who competed in track events , cross-country running and the marathon . He was the 1956 Olympic champion in the marathon . He is the most bemedalled French athletics sportsperson in history . In 1999 , readers of the French athletics magazine Athlétisme Magazine voted him as the French Athlete of the 20th Century . On the track Mimoun won three Olympic silver medals , finishing second behind Emil Zátopek in the 10,000 metres final in 1948 and again second behind him in both the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres finals in 1952 . He was also the silver medallist in both events behind Zátopek at the 1950 European Athletics Championships . From 1949 to 1958 , he won four individual gold medals and two individual silver medals at the International Cross Country Championships . He was a four-time gold medallist at the Mediterranean Games , completing the 5,000 m/10,000 m double in both 1951 and 1955 . Born in Algeria , Mimoun fought military battles for France and the Western Allies during World War II . He settled in metropolitan France shortly after leaving the French army . Overall , he represented France in four consecutive Olympic Games from 1948 to 1960 . He competed internationally for France on 86 occasions .'}]}, {'value': '125', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'Rhadi Ben Abdesselam Abdallah Ould Lamine Mohamed Ben Hassan Bakir Benaissa Abdeslem Bouchta Lahcen Benaissa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhadi_Ben_Abdesselam', 'summary': "Rhadi Ben Abdesselam ( Arabic : راضي بن عبد السلام ; 28 February 1929 - 4 October 2000 ) was a Moroccan long-distance runner . He competed at the 1960 Olympics in the marathon and 10,000 meters events . He also ran in the International Cross Country Championships in 1958-1963 . In March 1960 , he and Belgium 's Gaston Roelants quickly broke away from the field , and he became the first African athlete to win the individual gold medal in that event , defeating Roelants by 40 yards . On September 8 , 1960 , he finished in 14th place in the finals-only 10,000 meters , in 29:32.0 , almost a minute behind the winner , the Soviet Union 's Pyotr Bolotnikov , who broke the Olympic record for the event . Just two days later , the blazing pace through the first 20 kilometers in the marathon helped result in an eventual world record for the barefoot winner , Ethiopia 's Abebe Bikila . After they dispatched the rest of the field by 25 kilometers , the leading pair stayed stride-for-stride until the final 500 meters , with Ben Abdesselam finishing a close second in 2:15:41.6 , 25.4 seconds behind Abebe 's new world record . Abebe 's mark trimmed 8/10ths of a second off Sergei Popov 's world record of 2:15:17.0 , set in 1958 . Ironically , Abebe had been advised to watch out for Ben Abdesselam , but the latter wore his 10,000 meter competition number , so Abebe was unaware of the identity of his pursuer . Popov finished 5th in Rome , two minutes behind New Zealand 's Barry Magee , who took the bronze medal ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ould_Lamine_Abdallah', 'summary': 'Ould Lamine Fares Abdallah ( born 1929 ) is a retired French long-distance runner who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '159', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Alastair Wood Graham Everett Bruce Tulloh Andy Brown Bert Irving Joe Connolly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Tulloh', 'summary': 'Michael Swinton Bruce Tulloh ( 29 September 1935 - 28 April 2018 ) was an athlete and long-distance runner from England .'}]}, {'value': '171', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': 'Carlos Pérez Alfonso Vidal Luis García José Fernández Enrique Moreno Antonio Amoros', 'urls': []}, {'value': '243', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Bertie Messitt Willie Dunne Peter Good Tommy Dunne Gerald McIntyre Mick Connolly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bertie_Messitt', 'summary': "Bertie Messitt ( 28 September 1930 - 18 February 2012 ) was an Irish long-distance runner . He was educated in Saint Cronan 's Boys ' National School in Bray . A bus conductor , he won his fourth Irish cross country title in 1961 . By the time he had ended his competitive career in 1966 , he had recorded 16 Irish records , nine in 1958 alone : 13:44 for three miles , 14:14.8 for 5,000m , 49:33 for 10 miles . He finished 13th in the European Marathon Championships in Belgrade in 1962 . His best marathon time , 2:25.39 , was set in 1963 . He won the Irish marathon championship in 1960 , running 2:28:40 , qualifying him for the Irish team in the marathon at the 1960 Summer Olympics . For 12 miles , Bertie led the Olympic 's lead pack at a blistering pace . It included Ethiopia 's Abebe Bikila , running barefoot , who became the world record-breaking winner , Moroccans Rhadi Ben Abdesselam , the eventual runner up , and Bakir Benaïssa ( 8th place ) , as well as Belgium 's Aurèle Vandendriessche , the Soviet Union 's Sergey Popov , who lost his world record while finishing fifth , and Great Britain 's Arthur Keily , who faded to 25th . Messitt , spent from his gallant effort , dropped out at 20 miles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gerry_McIntyre', 'summary': 'Gerald McIntyre ( 22 May 1929 - 27 January 2008 ) was a long distance and cross country runner . He represented both Clonliffe Harriers and Ponders End AC , London . He ran the marathon at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , finishing 22nd with a time of 2:26:03 . He competed at both the 1960 International Cross Country and 1961 International Cross Country championships .'}]}, {'value': '279', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wales', 'summary': "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ."}]}, {'value': 'John Merriman David Richards Jun . Tony Pumfrey Harry Wilson Bob Roath Roger Harrison-Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Merriman_(athlete)', 'summary': "John Linden Merriman ( 27 June 1936 - 30 September 1999 ) was a British long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 10,000 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '279', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Team Results -- Men 's", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1960_International_Cross_Country_Championships_1', 'intro': 'The 1960 International Cross Country Championships was held in Hamilton, Scotland, at the Hamilton Park on 26 March 1960. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald. Complete results, medallists, \n and the results of British athletes were published.'} | null | null | What is the capital city of the country that this athlete who competed in the marathon and 10,000 meters events represented ? | Rabat |
0b86647b0c2e8aba | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Recording_Registry', 'title': 'National Recording Registry', 'header': ['Recording or collection', 'Performer or agent', 'Year'], 'data': [{'value': "The Lord 's Prayer and Twinkle Twinkle Little Star", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lord's_Prayer", 'summary': "The Lord 's Prayer , also called the Our Father ( Latin , Pater Noster ) , is a venerated Christian prayer which , according to the New Testament , Jesus taught as the way to pray :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Twinkle_Twinkle_Little_Star', 'summary': 'Twinkle , Twinkle , Little Star is a popular English lullaby . The lyrics are from an early-19th-century English poem by Jane Taylor , The Star . The poem , which is in couplet form , was first published in 1806 in Rhymes for the Nursery , a collection of poems by Taylor and her sister Ann . It is sung to the tune of the French melody Ah ! vous dirai-je , maman , which was published in 1761 and later arranged by several composers , including Mozart with Twelve Variations on Ah vous dirai-je , Maman . The English lyrics have five stanzas , although only the first is widely known . It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7666 . This song is usually performed in the key of C major . The song is in the public domain , and has many adaptations around the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Emile Berliner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emile_Berliner', 'summary': 'Emile Berliner ( May 20 , 1851 - August 3 , 1929 ) , originally Emil Berliner , was a German-born American inventor . He is best known for inventing the flat disc record ( called a gramophone record in British and American English ) and the Gramophone . He founded the United States Gramophone Company in 1894 , The Gramophone Company in London , England , in 1897 , Deutsche Grammophon in Hanover , Germany , in 1898 , Berliner Gram-o-phone Company of Canada in Montreal in 1899 ( chartered in 1904 ) , and Victor Talking Machine Company in 1901 with Eldridge Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'c. 1890', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Honolulu Cake Walk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vess Ossman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vess_Ossman', 'summary': 'Sylvester Louis Vess Ossman ( August 21 , 1868 - December 7 , 1923 ) was a leading five-string banjoist and popular recording artist of the early 20th century .'}]}, {'value': '1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victor Releases', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company', 'summary': "The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American record company and phonograph manufacturer headquartered in Camden , New Jersey . The company was founded by engineer Eldridge R. Johnson , who had previously made gramophones to play Emile Berliner 's disc records . After a series of legal wranglings between Berliner , Johnson and their former business partners , the two joined to form the Consolidated Talking Machine Co. in order to combine the patents for the record with Johnson 's patents improving its fidelity . Victor Talking Machine Co. was incorporated officially in 1901 shortly before agreeing to allow Columbia Records use of its disc record patent ."}]}, {'value': 'Bert Williams and George Walker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bert_Williams', 'summary': 'Bert Williams ( November 12 , 1874 - March 4 , 1922 ) was a Bahamian-American entertainer , one of the pre-eminent entertainers of the Vaudeville era and one of the most popular comedians for all audiences of his time . He was by far the best-selling black recording artist before 1920 . In 1918 , the New York Dramatic Mirror called Williams one of the great comedians of the world . Williams was a key figure in the development of African-American entertainment . In an age when racial inequality and stereotyping were commonplace , he became the first black American to take a lead role on the Broadway stage , and did much to push back racial barriers during his three-decade-long career . Fellow vaudevillian W. C. Fields , who appeared in productions with Williams , described him as the funniest man I ever saw - and the saddest man I ever knew .'}]}, {'value': '1901', 'urls': []}, {'value': "You 're a Grand Old Rag [ Flag ]", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/You're_a_Grand_Old_Flag", 'summary': "You 're a Grand Old Flag is an American patriotic march . The song , a spirited march written by George M. Cohan , is a tribute to the U.S. flag . In addition to obvious references to the flag , it incorporates snippets of other popular songs , including one of his own . Cohan wrote it in 1906 for his stage musical George Washington , Jr . The chorus is also used ( with the words changed ) as the team song for the Melbourne Football Club ."}]}, {'value': 'Billy Murray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Murray_(singer)', 'summary': 'William Thomas Billy Murray ( May 25 , 1877 - August 17 , 1954 ) was one of the most popular singers in the United States in the early 20th century . While he received star billing in vaudeville , he was best known for his prolific work in the recording studio , making records for almost every record label of the era .'}]}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa/Ojibwe Cylinder Collection', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ojibwa', 'summary': 'The Ojibwe , Ojibwa , Chippewa , or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people of Canada and the northern Midwestern United States . They are one of the most numerous indigenous peoples north of the Rio Grande . In Canada , they are the second-largest First Nations population , surpassed only by the Cree . In the United States , they have the fifth-largest population among Native American peoples , surpassed in number only by the Navajo , Cherokee , Choctaw and Sioux . The Ojibwe people traditionally speak the Ojibwe language , a branch of the Algonquian language family . They are part of the Council of Three Fires and the Anishinaabeg , which include the Algonquin , Nipissing , Oji-Cree , Odawa and the Potawatomi . Historically , through the Saulteaux branch , they were a part of the Iron Confederacy , joining the Cree , Assiniboine , and Metis . The majority of the Ojibwe people live in the United States . There are 77,940 mainline Ojibwe ; 76,760 Saulteaux ; and 8,770 Mississauga , organized in 125 bands . They live from western Quebec to eastern British Columbia . As of 2010 [ update ] , Ojibwe in the U.S. census population is 170,742 . The Ojibwe are known for their birch bark canoes , birch bark scrolls , mining and trade in copper , as well as their cultivation of wild rice and maple syrup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder', 'summary': 'Phonograph cylinders are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound . Commonly known simply as records in their era of greatest popularity ( c. 1896-1915 ) , these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface , which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph . In the 1910s , the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium .'}]}, {'value': 'Frances Densmore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frances_Densmore', 'summary': 'Frances Theresa Densmore ( May 21 , 1867 - June 5 , 1957 ) was an American anthropologist and ethnographer born in Red Wing , Minnesota . Densmore is known for her studies of Native American music and culture , and in modern terms , she may be described as an ethnomusicologist .'}]}, {'value': '1907-1910', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Bubble Book ( the first Bubble Book )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1917', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cylinder recordings of African-American music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder', 'summary': 'Phonograph cylinders are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound . Commonly known simply as records in their era of greatest popularity ( c. 1896-1915 ) , these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface , which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph . In the 1910s , the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium .'}, {'url': '/wiki/African-American_music', 'summary': 'African-American music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of music and musical genres largely developed by African Americans . Their origins are in musical forms that arose out of the historical condition of slavery that characterized the lives of African Americans prior to the American Civil War . Following the Civil War , black Americans , through employment as musicians playing European music in military bands , developed a new style of music called ragtime which gradually evolved into jazz . In developing this latter musical form , African Americans contributed knowledge of the sophisticated polyrhythmic structure of the dance and folk music of peoples across western and sub-Saharan Africa . These musical forms had a wide-ranging influence on the development of music within the United States and around the world during the 20th century . The modern genres of blues and ragtime were developed during the late 19th century by fusing West African vocalizations - which employed the natural harmonic series , and blue notes . The earliest jazz and blues recordings were made in the 1920s . African-American musicians developed related styles such as rhythm and blues in the 1940s . In the 1960s , soul performers had a major influence on white US and UK singers . In the mid-1960s , Black musicians developed funk and they were many of the leading figures in late 1960s and 1970s genre of jazz-rock fusion . In the 1970s and 1980s , Black artists developed hip-hop , and in the 1980s introduced the disco-infused dance style known as house music . In the 2000s , hip-hop attained significant mainstream popularity .'}]}, {'value': 'Guy B. Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guy_Benton_Johnson', 'summary': 'Guy B. Johnson ( February 28 , 1901 - March 23 , 1991 ) was an American sociologist and social anthropologist . He was a distinguished student of black culture in the rural South and a pioneer advocate of racial equality .'}]}, {'value': '1920s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cross of Gold speech Speech re-enactment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross_of_Gold_speech', 'summary': "The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan , a former United States Representative from Nebraska , at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9 , 1896 . In the address , Bryan supported bimetallism or free silver , which he believed would bring the nation prosperity . He decried the gold standard , concluding the speech , you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold . Bryan 's address helped catapult him to the Democratic Party 's presidential nomination ; it is considered one of the greatest political speeches in American history . For twenty years , Americans had been bitterly divided over the nation 's monetary standard . The gold standard , which the United States had effectively been on since 1873 , limited the money supply but eased trade with other nations , such as the United Kingdom , whose currency was also based on gold . Many Americans , however , believed that bimetallism ( making both gold and silver legal tender ) was necessary for the nation 's economic health . The financial Panic of 1893 intensified the debates , and when Democratic President Grover Cleveland continued to support the gold standard against the will of much of his party , activists became determined to take over the Democratic Party organization and nominate a silver-supporting candidate in 1896 . Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention . His speech , delivered at the close of the debate on the party platform , electrified the convention and is generally credited with getting him the nomination for president . However , he lost the general election to William McKinley , and the United States formally adopted the gold standard in 1900 ."}]}, {'value': 'William Jennings Bryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan', 'summary': "William Jennings Bryan ( March 19 , 1860 - July 26 , 1925 ) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska . Beginning in 1896 , he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party , running three times as the party 's nominee for President of the United States in the 1896 , 1900 , and 1908 elections . He also served in the United States House of Representatives and as the United States Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson . Just before his death , he gained national attention for attacking the teaching of evolution in the Scopes Trial . Because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people , he was often called The Great Commoner . Born and raised in Illinois , Bryan moved to Nebraska in the 1880s . He won election to the House of Representatives in the 1890 elections , serving two terms before making an unsuccessful run for the Senate in 1894 . At the 1896 Democratic National Convention , Bryan delivered his Cross of Gold speech which attacked the gold standard and the eastern moneyed interests and crusaded for inflationary policies built around the expanded coinage of silver coins . In a repudiation of incumbent President Grover Cleveland and his conservative Bourbon Democrats , the Democratic convention nominated Bryan for president , making Bryan the youngest major party presidential nominee in U.S. history . Subsequently , Bryan was also nominated for president by the left-wing Populist Party , and many Populists would eventually follow Bryan into the Democratic Party . In the intensely fought 1896 presidential election , Republican nominee William McKinley emerged triumphant . Bryan gained fame as an orator , as he invented the national stumping tour when he reached an audience of 5 million people in 27 states in 1896 ."}]}, {'value': '1921', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The OKeh Laughing Record', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Okeh_Records', 'summary': 'Okeh Records is an American record label founded by the Otto Heinemann Phonograph Corporation , a phonograph supplier established in 1916 , which branched out into phonograph records in 1918 . The name was spelled OkeH from the initials of Otto K. E. Heinemann but later changed to OKeh . Since 1926 , Okeh has been a subsidiary of Columbia Records , a subsidiary of Sony Music . Okeh is a Jazz imprint distributed by Sony Masterworks , a specialty label of Columbia .'}]}, {'value': 'Lucie Bernardo and Otto Rathke', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1922', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adeste Fideles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adeste_Fideles', 'summary': 'O Come , All Ye Faithful ( originally written in Latin as Adeste Fideles ) is a Christmas carol that has been attributed to various authors , including John Francis Wade ( 1711-1786 ) , John Reading ( 1645-1692 ) , King John IV of Portugal ( 1604-1656 ) , and anonymous Cistercian monks . The earliest printed version is in a book published by Wade , but the earliest manuscript bears the name of King John IV , and is located in the library of the Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa . A manuscript by Wade , dating to 1751 , is held by Stonyhurst College in Lancashire . The original four verses of the hymn were extended to a total of eight , and these have been translated into many languages . The English translation of O Come , All Ye Faithful by the English Catholic priest Frederick Oakeley , written in 1841 , is widespread in most English-speaking countries .'}]}, {'value': 'Associated Glee Clubs of America', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cajun - Creole Columbia releases', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cajun', 'summary': "The Cajuns ( /ˈkeɪdʒən/ ; Louisiana French : les Cadiens ) , also known as Acadians ( Louisiana French : les Acadiens ) , Spanish : el Acadianos ) , are an ethnic group mainly living in the U.S. state of Louisiana , and in the Canadian maritimes provinces as well as Quebec consisting in part of the descendants of the original Acadian exiles - French-speakers from Acadia ( L'Acadie ) in what are now the Maritimes of Eastern Canada . In Louisiana , Acadian and Cajun are often used as broad cultural terms without reference to actual descent from the deported Acadians . Historically , Louisianians of Acadian descent were also considered to be Louisiana Creoles , although Cajun and Creole are often portrayed as separate identities today . The Cajuns make up a significant portion of south Louisiana 's population and have had an enormous impact on the state 's culture . While Lower Louisiana had been settled by French colonists since the late 17th century , the Cajuns trace their roots to the influx of Acadian settlers after the Great Expulsion from their homeland during the French and British hostilities prior to the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 to 1763 ) . The Acadia region to which modern Cajuns trace their origin consisted largely of what are now Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island plus parts of eastern Quebec and northern Maine . Since their establishment in Louisiana , the Cajuns have become famous for their unique French dialect , Louisiana French ( also called Cajun French , although the dialect predates the Acadians ' arrival in Louisiana ) , and have developed a vibrant culture including folkways , music , and cuisine . The Acadiana region is heavily associated with them ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people', 'summary': "Louisiana Creole people ( French : Créoles de la Louisiane , Spanish : Criollos de Luisiana ) , are persons descended from the inhabitants of colonial Louisiana during the period of both French and Spanish rule . Louisiana Creoles share cultural ties such as the traditional use of the French , Spanish and Louisiana Creole languages [ note 1 ] and predominant practice of Catholicism . The term créole was originally used by French settlers to distinguish persons born in Louisiana from those born in the mother country or elsewhere . As in many other colonial societies around the world , creole was a term used to mean those who were native-born , especially native-born Europeans such as the French and Spanish . It also came to be applied to African-descended slaves and Native Americans who were born in Louisiana . The word is not a racial or ethnic label , and people of fully European descent , fully African descent , or of any mixture therein ( including Native American admixture ) may identify as Creoles . Starting with the native-born children of the French Ratatat sauvage , as well as native-born African slaves , 'Creole ' came to be used to describe Louisiana-born people to differentiate them from European immigrants and imported slaves . People of any race or ethnicity can and have identified as Creoles , and it is a misconception that créolité - the quality of being Creole - implies mixed racial origins . In the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries , the class of free people of color in Louisiana became associated with the term Creole , and further identification with mixed race took place during the interwar period in the 20th century . One historian has described this period as the Americanization of Creoles , including an acceptance of the American binary racial system that divided Creoles into those who identified as mostly white and others as mostly black . ( See Creoles of color . ) Créole was used casually as an identity in the 1700s in Louisiana ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Columbia_Records', 'summary': "Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony . It was founded in 1887 , evolving from the American Graphophone Company , the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company . Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business , and the second major company to produce records . From 1961 to 1990 , Columbia recordings were released outside North America under the name CBS Records to avoid confusion with EMI 's Columbia Graphophone Company . Columbia is one of Sony Music 's four flagship record labels , alongside former longtime rival RCA Records , as well as Arista Records and Epic Records . Artists who have recorded for Columbia include AC/DC , Adele , Aerosmith , Louis Armstrong , Gene Autry , Count Basie , Nora Bayes , Bix Beiderbecke , Tony Bennett , Leonard Bernstein , Beyoncé , Blue Öyster Cult , Dave Brubeck , The Byrds , Mariah Carey , Pablo Casals , Johnny Cash , The Clash , The Cleveland Orchestra , Rosemary Clooney , Leonard Cohen , Ornette Coleman , Elvis Costello , Miles Davis , Neil Diamond , Celine Dion , Bob Dylan , Earth , Wind & Fire , Duke Ellington , 50 Cent , Flatt and Scruggs , Erroll Garner , Benny Goodman , Glenn Gould , Adelaide Hall , Herbie Hancock , Lauryn Hill , Billie Holiday , Vladimir Horowitz , Billy Joel , Blind Willie Johnson , Robert Johnson , Al Jolson , Janis Joplin , Andre Kostelanetz , Yo-Yo Ma , Johnny Mathis , John Mayer , George Michael , Mitch Miller , Charles Mingus , Thelonious Monk , Billy Murray , Willie Nelson , The New York Philharmonic , The Philadelphia Orchestra , Pink Floyd , Santana , Frank Sinatra , Simon and Garfunkel , Bessie Smith , John Philip Sousa , Bruce Springsteen , Igor Stravinsky , Barbra Streisand , System of a Down , James Taylor , Bonnie Tyler , Ethel Waters , Weather Report , Paul Whiteman , Andy Williams , Bert Williams , Pharrell Williams , Bob Wills , and Bill Withers ."}]}, {'value': 'Amédé Ardoin and Dennis McGee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amédé_Ardoin', 'summary': 'Amédé Ardoin ( March 11 , 1898 - November 3 , 1942 ) was an American Louisiana Creole musician , known for his high singing voice and virtuosity on the Cajun accordion . He is credited by Louisiana music scholars with laying the groundwork for Creole music in the early 20th century , and wrote several songs now regarded as zydeco standards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dennis_McGee', 'summary': "Dennis ( Denus ) McGee ( born January 26 , 1893 , Eunice , Louisiana , USA - October 3 , 1989 ) was one of the earliest recorded Cajun musicians . A fiddle player , he recorded and performed with Creole accordionist and vocalist Amédé Ardoin , with accordionist Angelas LeJeune , and with fiddlers Sady Courville and Ernest Frugé . The recordings with Courville and Frugé are among the few surviving examples of Cajun music as it existed before the influence of the accordion became prominent . McGee 's repertoire included not only the waltz and the two-step common to Cajun music but also such dances as the one-step , polka , mazurka , reel , cotillion , the varsovienne , and others ."}]}, {'value': '1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goodnight , Irene', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goodnight,_Irene', 'summary': "Goodnight , Irene or Irene , Goodnight , is a 20th-century American folk standard , written in 3/4 time , first recorded by American blues musician Huddie 'Lead Belly ' Ledbetter in 1933 . The lyrics tell of the singer 's troubled past with his love , Irene , and express his sadness and frustration . Several verses refer explicitly to suicidal fantasies , most famously in the line sometimes I take a great notion to jump in the river and drown , which was the inspiration for the 1964 Ken Kesey novel Sometimes a Great Notion and a song of the same name from John Mellencamp 's 1989 album , Big Daddy , itself strongly informed by traditional American folk music ."}]}, {'value': 'Lead Belly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lead_Belly', 'summary': "Huddie William Ledbetter ( /ˈhjuːdi/ ; January 20 , 1888 - December 6 , 1949 ) , better known by the stage name Lead Belly , was an American folk and blues singer , musician and songwriter notable for his strong vocals , virtuosity on the twelve-string guitar , and the folk standards he introduced , including his renditions of Goodnight , Irene , Midnight Special , Cotton Fields , and Boll Weevil . Lead Belly usually played a twelve-string guitar , but he also played the piano , mandolin , harmonica , violin , and windjammer . In some of his recordings , he sang while clapping his hands or stomping his foot . Lead Belly 's songs covered a wide range of genres and topics including gospel music ; blues about women , liquor , prison life , and racism ; and folk songs about cowboys , prison , work , sailors , cattle herding , and dancing . He also wrote songs about people in the news , such as Franklin D. Roosevelt , Adolf Hitler , Jean Harlow , Jack Johnson , the Scottsboro Boys and Howard Hughes . Lead Belly was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2008 . Though many releases credit him as Leadbelly , he himself wrote it as Lead Belly , which is also the spelling on his tombstone and the spelling used by the Lead Belly Foundation ."}]}, {'value': '1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Every Man a King speech', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huey P. Long', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huey_Long', 'summary': "Huey Pierce Long Jr. ( August 30 , 1893 - September 10 , 1935 ) , nicknamed The Kingfish , was an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and was a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935 . As the political leader of Louisiana , he commanded wide networks of supporters and was willing to take forceful and dictatorial action . He established the long-term political dominance and dynasty of the Long family . During Long 's years in power , large expansions were made in infrastructure , education and health care . Long was notable among southern politicians for avoiding race baiting and white supremacy , and he sought to improve the conditions of impoverished blacks as well as impoverished whites . Under Long 's leadership , hospitals and educational institutions were expanded , a system of charity hospitals was set up that provided health care for the poor , and massive highway construction and free bridges brought an end to rural isolation . A Democrat and an outspoken left-leaning populist , Long denounced the wealthy urban Baton Rouge and D.C. elites , oligarchs and the banks . Initially a supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt during his first 100 days in office , Long eventually came to believe that Roosevelt 's New Deal policies were an insufficient compromise and did not do enough to alleviate the issues of the poor or tackle the Depression . As a result , he developed his own solution called the Share Our Wealth program , which would establish a net asset tax , the earnings of which would be redistributed so as to curb the poverty and homelessness epidemic nationwide during the Great Depression . Long 's Share Our Wealth plan was established on February 23 , 1934 , with the motto Every Man a King . To stimulate the economy , Long advocated extensive federal spending on public works , schools and colleges , and old age pensions . Long argued that his plan would enable everyone to have at least a car , a radio , and a home worth $ 5,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'February 23 , 1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': "He 's Got the Whole World in His Hands", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/He's_Got_the_Whole_World_in_His_Hands", 'summary': "He 's Got the Whole World in His Hands is a traditional African American spiritual , first published in 1927 . It became an international pop hit in 1957-58 in a recording by English singer Laurie London , and has been recorded by many other singers and choirs ."}]}, {'value': 'Marian Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian_Anderson', 'summary': 'Marian Anderson ( February 27 , 1897 - April 8 , 1993 ) was an American singer of classical music and spirituals . Music critic Alan Blyth said : Her voice was a rich , vibrant contralto of intrinsic beauty . She performed in concert and recital in major music venues and with famous orchestras throughout the United States and Europe between 1925 and 1965 . Although offered roles with many important European opera companies , Anderson declined , as she had no training in acting . She preferred to perform in concert and recital only . She did , however , perform opera arias within her concerts and recitals . She made many recordings that reflected her broad performance repertoire , which ranged from concert literature to lieder to opera to traditional American songs and spirituals . Between 1940 and 1965 the German-American pianist Franz Rupp was her permanent accompanist . Anderson became an important figure in the struggle for black artists to overcome racial prejudice in the United States during the mid-twentieth century . In 1939 , the Daughters of the American Revolution ( DAR ) refused permission for Anderson to sing to an integrated audience in Constitution Hall in Washington , DC . The incident placed Anderson into the spotlight of the international community on a level unusual for a classical musician . With the aid of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt , Anderson performed a critically acclaimed open-air concert on Easter Sunday , April 9 , 1939 , on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in the capital .'}]}, {'value': '1936', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Complete Recordings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Complete_Recordings_(Robert_Johnson_album)', 'summary': "The Complete Recordings is a compilation album by American Delta blues musician Robert Johnson . The 41 songs were recorded in two sessions in Dallas and San Antonio , Texas for the American Record Company ( ARC ) during 1936 and 1937 . Most were first released on 78 rpm records in 1937 . The Complete Recordings , released August 28 , 1990 , by Columbia Records , contains every recording Johnson is known to have made , with the exception of an alternate take of Travelling Riverside Blues . The Complete Recordings peaked at number 80 on the Billboard 200 chart . The album sold more than a million copies , and won a Grammy Award in 1991 for Best Historical Album . In 1992 , the Blues Foundation inducted the album into the Blues Hall of Fame . It also was included by the National Recording Preservation Board in the Library of Congress ' National Recording Registry in 2003 . Eric Clapton and Keith Richards contributed to the album liner notes with essays on Johnson 's influence on their music ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Johnson', 'summary': "Robert Leroy Johnson ( May 8 , 1911 - August 16 , 1938 ) was an American blues singer , songwriter and musician . His landmark recordings in 1936 and 1937 display a combination of singing , guitar skills , and songwriting talent that has influenced later generations of musicians . Johnson 's poorly documented life and death have given rise to much legend . The one most closely associated with his life is that he sold his soul to the devil at a local crossroads to achieve musical success . He is now recognized as a master of the blues , particularly the Delta blues style . As an itinerant performer who played mostly on street corners , in juke joints , and at Saturday night dances , Johnson had little commercial success or public recognition in his lifetime . He participated in only two recording sessions , one in San Antonio in 1936 , and one in Dallas in 1937 , that produced 29 distinct songs ( with 13 surviving alternate takes ) recorded by famed Country Music Hall of Fame producer Don Law . These songs , recorded at low fidelity in improvised studios , were the totality of his recorded output . Most were released as 10-inch , 78 rpm singles from 1937-1938 , with a few released after his death . Other than these recordings , very little was known of him during his life outside of the small musical circuit in the Mississippi Delta where he spent most of his life ; much of his story has been reconstructed after his death by researchers . His music had a small , but influential , following during his life and in the two decades after his death . In late 1938 John Hammond sought him out for a concert at Carnegie Hall , From Spirituals to Swing , only to discover that Johnson had died ."}]}, {'value': '1936-1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Interviews conducted by Alan Lomax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_Lomax', 'summary': "Alan Lomax ( /ˈloʊmæks/ ; January 31 , 1915 - July 19 , 2002 ) was an American ethnomusicologist , best known for his numerous field recordings of folk music of the 20th century . He was also a musician himself , as well as a folklorist , archivist , writer , scholar , political activist , oral historian , and film-maker . Lomax produced recordings , concerts , and radio shows in the US and in England , which played an important role in preserving folk music traditions in both countries , and helped start both the American and British folk revivals of the 1940s , 1950s and early 1960s . He collected material first with his father , folklorist and collector John A. Lomax , and later alone and with others , Lomax recorded thousands of songs and interviews for the Archive of American Folk Song , of which he was the director , at the Library of Congress on aluminum and acetate discs . After 1942 , when Congress cut off the Library of Congress 's funding for folk song collecting , Lomax continued to collect independently in Britain , Ireland , the Caribbean , Italy , and Spain , as well as the United States , using the latest recording technology , assembling an enormous collection of American and international culture . In March 2004 the material captured and produced without Library of Congress funding was acquired by the Library , which brings the entire seventy years of Alan Lomax 's work together under one roof at the Library of Congress , where it has found a permanent home . With the start of the Cold War , Lomax continued to speak out for a public role for folklore , even as academic folklorists turned inward . He devoted much of the latter part of his life to advocating what he called Cultural Equity , which he sought to put on a solid theoretical foundation through to his Cantometrics research ( which included a prototype Cantometrics-based educational program , the Global Jukebox ) . In the 1970s and 1980s Lomax advised the Smithsonian Institution 's Folklife Festival and produced a series of films about folk music , American Patchwork , which aired on PBS in 1991 . In his late seventies , Lomax completed a long-deferred memoir , The Land Where the Blues Began ( 1995 ) , linking the birth of the blues to debt peonage , segregation , and forced labor in the American South . Lomax 's greatest legacy is in preserving and publishing recordings of musicians in many folk and blues traditions around the US and Europe . Among the artists Lomax is credited with discovering and bringing to a wider audience include blues guitarist Robert Johnson , protest singer Woody Guthrie , folk artist Pete Seeger , country musician Burl Ives , and country blues singer Lead Belly , among many others ."}]}, {'value': 'Jelly Roll Morton , Alan Lomax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton', 'summary': "Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe ( October 20 , 1890 - July 10 , 1941 ) , known professionally as Jelly Roll Morton , was an American ragtime and early jazz pianist , bandleader and composer who started his career in New Orleans , Louisiana . Widely recognized as a pivotal figure in early jazz , Morton was jazz 's first arranger , proving that a genre rooted in improvisation could retain its essential spirit and characteristics when notated . His composition Jelly Roll Blues , published in 1915 , was the first published jazz composition . Morton also wrote the standards King Porter Stomp , Wolverine Blues , Black Bottom Stomp , and I Thought I Heard Buddy Bolden Say , the last a tribute to New Orleans musicians from the turn of the 20th century . Morton 's claim to have invented jazz in 1902 aroused resentment . The jazz historian , musician , and composer Gunther Schuller says of Morton 's hyperbolic assertions that there is no proof to the contrary and that Morton 's considerable accomplishments in themselves provide reasonable substantiation . Alan Lomax , who recorded extensive biographical interviews of Morton at the Library of Congress in 1938 , did not agree that Morton was an egotist :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Alan_Lomax', 'summary': "Alan Lomax ( /ˈloʊmæks/ ; January 31 , 1915 - July 19 , 2002 ) was an American ethnomusicologist , best known for his numerous field recordings of folk music of the 20th century . He was also a musician himself , as well as a folklorist , archivist , writer , scholar , political activist , oral historian , and film-maker . Lomax produced recordings , concerts , and radio shows in the US and in England , which played an important role in preserving folk music traditions in both countries , and helped start both the American and British folk revivals of the 1940s , 1950s and early 1960s . He collected material first with his father , folklorist and collector John A. Lomax , and later alone and with others , Lomax recorded thousands of songs and interviews for the Archive of American Folk Song , of which he was the director , at the Library of Congress on aluminum and acetate discs . After 1942 , when Congress cut off the Library of Congress 's funding for folk song collecting , Lomax continued to collect independently in Britain , Ireland , the Caribbean , Italy , and Spain , as well as the United States , using the latest recording technology , assembling an enormous collection of American and international culture . In March 2004 the material captured and produced without Library of Congress funding was acquired by the Library , which brings the entire seventy years of Alan Lomax 's work together under one roof at the Library of Congress , where it has found a permanent home . With the start of the Cold War , Lomax continued to speak out for a public role for folklore , even as academic folklorists turned inward . He devoted much of the latter part of his life to advocating what he called Cultural Equity , which he sought to put on a solid theoretical foundation through to his Cantometrics research ( which included a prototype Cantometrics-based educational program , the Global Jukebox ) . In the 1970s and 1980s Lomax advised the Smithsonian Institution 's Folklife Festival and produced a series of films about folk music , American Patchwork , which aired on PBS in 1991 . In his late seventies , Lomax completed a long-deferred memoir , The Land Where the Blues Began ( 1995 ) , linking the birth of the blues to debt peonage , segregation , and forced labor in the American South . Lomax 's greatest legacy is in preserving and publishing recordings of musicians in many folk and blues traditions around the US and Europe . Among the artists Lomax is credited with discovering and bringing to a wider audience include blues guitarist Robert Johnson , protest singer Woody Guthrie , folk artist Pete Seeger , country musician Burl Ives , and country blues singer Lead Belly , among many others ."}]}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Famous_1938_Carnegie_Hall_Jazz_Concert', 'summary': "The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert by Benny Goodman , Columbia Records catalogue item SL-160 , is a two-disc LP of swing and jazz music recorded at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16 , 1938 . First issued in 1950 , the landmark recording captured the premiere performance given by a big band in the famed concert venue . The event has been described as the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history : jazz 's 'coming out ' party to the world of 'respectable ' music . Both critical and public reception of the performances was outstanding . The title , mastered from preserved acetates , [ c ] was among jazz 's first double albums , first live recordings , and first to sell over a million copies . One of the earliest records of Benny Goodman music issued on the new long-playing format , the concert recording was also sold in a set of nine 45 rpm records in 1950 by Columbia . The subsequent discovery of the aluminum studio masters made from the original recording resulted in several high-quality CD reissues beginning in 1998 . [ d ]"}]}, {'value': 'Benny Goodman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benny_Goodman', 'summary': "Benjamin David Goodman ( May 30 , 1909 - June 13 , 1986 ) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader known as the King of Swing . In the mid-1930s , Goodman led one of the most popular musical groups in the United States . His concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16 , 1938 is described by critic Bruce Eder as the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history : jazz 's 'coming out ' party to the world of 'respectable ' music . Goodman 's bands started the careers of many jazz musicians . During an era of racial segregation , he led one of the first integrated jazz groups . He performed nearly to the end of his life while exploring an interest in classical music ."}]}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Complete day of radio broadcasting , WJSV ( Washington , D.C . )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WJSV_broadcast_day', 'summary': 'On September 21 , 1939 radio station WJSV in Washington , D.C. made an audio recording of its entire 19-hour broadcast day . This undertaking was a collaboration between the station and the National Archives , and it was the first time that such a comprehensive recording of a radio broadcast had been made . The station then donated its original set of recording discs to the National Archives , giving it a rare and complete artifact from an era frequently called the Golden Age of Radio . Due to their historical significance , the United States Library of Congress has since added these sound recordings to its National Recording Registry .'}]}, {'value': 'WJSV , Washington , D.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WJSV', 'summary': "WJSV is a student-run radio station in Morristown , New Jersey . WJSV is run by students of Morristown High School and owned by the Morris School District . WJSV , first bought by the Morris School District in 1971 , generally broadcasts Monday through Friday from 7:30 am to 8:30 pm while school is in session . WJSV 's main transmitter is located at Mountain Way School in Morris Plains , New Jersey . Currently , the station is completely run by members and an executive staff composed totally of students . The executive staff is mainly an emulation of the above the line positions at a commercial radio station , including Program Director , Music Director , News Director , and obviously , Station Manager . Usually the station is supervised only by two staff members , one being the Station Advisor , currently Michael Butler ; the other is the Chief Engineer , formerly Steven Woodruff . Before the station was bought by the Morris School District , Morristown High School had already had a TV station , which upon purchasing WJSV , was renamed JSV-TV . For many years it was used for a weekly show named Colonial Corner . However , in the 2013-2014 school year , Colonial Corner moved to an online-only format , with episodes hosted on YouTube ."}]}, {'value': 'September 21 , 1939', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New San Antonio Rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_San_Antonio_Rose', 'summary': 'New San Antonio Rose ( originally and often referred to as just San Antonio Rose ) was the signature song of Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys . San Antonio Rose was an instrumental song written by Bob Wills , who first recorded it with the Playboys on November 28 , 1938 . Band members added lyrics and it was retitled New San Antonio Rose . A fresh recording was made on April 16 , 1940 ( Okeh 05694 ) with a vocal by Tommy Duncan . The song opens with the refrain :'}]}, {'value': 'Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Wills', 'summary': "James Robert Wills ( March 6 , 1905 - May 13 , 1975 ) was an American Western swing musician , songwriter , and bandleader . Considered by music authorities as the co-founder of Western swing , he was known widely as the King of Western Swing ( although Spade Cooley self-promoted the moniker King of Western Swing from 1942 to 1969 ) . Wills formed several bands and played radio stations around the South and West until he formed the Texas Playboys in 1934 with Wills on fiddle , Tommy Duncan on piano and vocals , rhythm guitarist June Whalin , tenor banjoist Johnnie Lee Wills , and Kermit Whalin , who played steel guitar and bass . The band played regularly on Tulsa , Oklahoma radio station KVOO and added Leon McAuliffe on steel guitar , pianist Al Stricklin , drummer Smokey Dacus , and a horn section that expanded the band 's sound . Wills favored jazz-like arrangements and the band found national popularity into the 1940s with such hits as Steel Guitar Rag , New San Antonio Rose , Smoke On The Water , Stars And Stripes On Iwo Jima , and New Spanish Two Step . Wills and the Texas Playboys recorded with several publishers and companies , including Vocalion , Okeh , Columbia , and MGM , frequently moving . In 1950 , he had two top 10 hits , Ida Red Likes the Boogie and Faded Love , which were his last hits for a decade . Throughout the 1950s , he struggled with poor health and tenuous finances , but continued to perform frequently despite the decline in popularity of his earlier music as rock and roll took over . Wills had a heart attack in 1962 and a second one the next year , which forced him to disband the Playboys , although Wills continued to perform solo . The Country Music Hall of Fame inducted Wills in 1968 and the Texas State Legislature honored him for his contribution to American music . In 1972 , Wills accepted a citation from the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers in Nashville . He was recording an album with fan Merle Haggard in 1973 when a stroke left him comatose until his death in 1975 ."}]}, {'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Porgy and Bess ( George Gershwin )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess', 'summary': "Porgy and Bess ( /ˈpɔːrɡi/ ) is an English-language opera by the American composer George Gershwin , with a libretto written by author DuBose Heyward and lyricist Ira Gershwin . It was adapted from Dorothy Heyward and DuBose Heyward 's play Porgy , itself an adaptation of DuBose Heyward 's 1925 novel of the same name . Porgy and Bess was first performed in Boston on September 30 , 1935 , before it moved to Broadway in New York City . It featured a cast of classically trained African-American singers - a daring artistic choice at the time . After an initially unpopular public reception , a 1976 Houston Grand Opera production gained it new popularity , and it is now one of the best-known and most frequently performed operas . The libretto of Porgy and Bess tells the story of Porgy , a disabled black street-beggar living in the slums of Charleston . It deals with his attempts to rescue Bess from the clutches of Crown , her violent and possessive lover , and Sportin ' Life , her drug dealer . The opera plot generally follows the stage play . In the years following Gershwin 's death , Porgy and Bess was adapted for smaller scale performances . It was adapted as a film in 1959 . Some of the songs in the opera , such as Summertime , became popular and are frequently recorded . In the late 20th and early 21st centuries , the trend has been toward productions with greater fidelity to Gershwin 's original intentions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Gershwin', 'summary': 'George Gershwin ( /ˈɡɜːrʃ.wɪn/ ; born Jacob Bruskin Gershowitz , September 26 , 1898 - July 11 , 1937 ) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres . Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue ( 1924 ) and An American in Paris ( 1928 ) , the songs Swanee ( 1919 ) and Fascinating Rhythm ( 1924 ) , the jazz standard I Got Rhythm ( 1930 ) , and the opera Porgy and Bess ( 1935 ) which spawned the hit Summertime . Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark , Henry Cowell , and Joseph Brody . He began his career as a song plugger but soon started composing Broadway theater works with his brother Ira Gershwin and with Buddy DeSylva . He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger , but she refused him . He subsequently composed An American in Paris , returned to New York City and wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and DuBose Heyward . Initially a commercial failure , it came to be considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century and an American cultural classic . Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores . He died in 1937 of a malignant brain tumor . His compositions have been adapted for use in film and television , with several becoming jazz standards recorded and covered in many variations .'}]}, {'value': 'Original cast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1940 , 1942', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2003', 'section_text': "In March 2004 , the following 50 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board . [ 7 ] `` He 's Got the Whole World in His Hands '' was one of Marian Anderson 's favorite spirituals , and she often performed it at the conclusion of her recitals . [ 7 ] The Cole Porter Songbook was the first of Ella Fitzgerald 's many anthologies involving the Great American Songbook earning the nickname `` First Lady of Song '' . Chuck Berry- widely considered to have `` laid the groundwork for not only a rock and roll sound but a rock and roll stance '' . O. Winston Link 's recordings of the sounds produced by a variety of locomotive models capture `` the unique and now-lost sounds of the engines which united the United States . `` [ 7 ] The Beatles ' album Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band is arguably one of the most important albums in popular music . Marvin Gaye has been covered by artists from The Who to Alicia Keys .", 'uid': 'National_Recording_Registry_1', 'intro': "The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States. The registry was established by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, which created the National Recording Preservation Board, whose members are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. The recordings preserved in the United States National Recording Registry form a registry of recordings selected yearly by the National Recording Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress. The National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 established a national program to guard America's sound recording heritage. The Act created the National Recording Registry, The National Recording Preservation Board and a fund-raising foundation. The purpose of the Registry is to maintain and preserve sound recordings and collections of sound recordings that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Beginning in 2002, the National Recording Preservation Board has selected recordings nominated each year to be preserved. The first four yearly lists each had 50 selections. Since 2006, 25 recordings have been selected annually. As of 2018[update], a total of 525 recordings have been preserved in the Registry. Each calendar year, public nominations are accepted for inclusion in that year's list of selections, which are announced the following spring. Each yearly list typically includes a few recordings that have also been selected for inclusion in the holdings of the National Archives' audiovisual collection."} | null | null | Who wrote the song that is recorded by an artist who died August 17 , 1954 ? | George M. Cohan |
0b87daca2d41c45e | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Dons_F.C.', 'title': 'Milton Keynes Dons F.C.', 'header': ['Name', 'Nationality', 'Position', 'Milton Keynes Dons career', 'Apps', 'Goals'], 'data': [{'value': 'Dele Alli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dele_Alli', 'summary': 'Bamidele Jermaine Alli ( born 11 April 1996 ; /ˈdɛli ˈæli/ DEL-ee AL-ee ; ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur and the England national team . Born and raised in Milton Keynes , he joined the youth system at Milton Keynes Dons aged 11 and broke into the first team five years later , during the 2012-13 season . Over the next two-and-a-half years he made 88 official appearances for the team , scoring 24 goals . He signed for Tottenham Hotspur in February 2015 for an initial fee of £5 million , being loaned back to the Dons for the remainder of the season . In each of his first two campaigns at White Hart Lane , Alli was voted the PFA Young Player of the Year and made the PFA Team of the Year . Alli played for the England U17 , U18 and U19 teams , before making his senior debut in 2015 . He was selected for UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , helping England to the semi-finals of the latter .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011-2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sam Baldock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sam_Baldock', 'summary': 'Samuel Edward Thomas Baldock ( born 15 March 1989 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Reading . He grew up in the village of Steeple Claydon , Buckinghamshire , while attending the Royal Latin School in Buckingham . His younger brother , George Baldock , is contracted to Sheffield United .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006-2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dean Bowditch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dean_Bowditch', 'summary': 'Dean Peter Bowditch ( born 15 June 1986 ) is an English former professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or striker . He currently plays for Stowmarket Town in the Eastern Counties League Premier Division .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Winger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '185', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samir Carruthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samir_Carruthers', 'summary': 'Samir Badre Carruthers ( born 4 April 1993 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cambridge United . He has represented the Republic of Ireland at under-19 and under-21 level . He played as a youth for Cambridge United and Arsenal before making his professional debut for Aston Villa in the Premier League in April 2012 . In 2013 he was loaned to Milton Keynes Dons , and a year later joined the club for an undisclosed fee . He helped them win promotion to the Championship in 2015 . In January 2017 he joined Sheffield United for an estimated £250,000 , winning League One in his first season . After a loan at Oxford United , he joined Cambridge United in 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '117', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luke Chadwick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luke_Chadwick', 'summary': 'Luke Harry Chadwick ( born 18 November 1980 ) is an English former professional footballer who last played for Soham Town Rangers as a midfielder . He now works as a coach in the Cambridge United academy , a position he took up in June 2016 . Chadwick began his career at Manchester United where he made 25 Premier League appearances in four seasons . While at Old Trafford he spent time out on loan at Reading and Burnley before joining West Ham United on a permanent basis in the summer of 2004 . He spent a season with the Hammers before joining Stoke City on loan in August 2005 before making the move permanent in January 2006 . He remained at Stoke until November 2006 making 55 appearances before joining Norwich City . Injuries restricted his time at Carrow Road and he moved to Milton Keynes Dons in October 2008 . In March 2014 , Chadwick joined Cambridge United , the club he supported as a child . He was released at the end of the 2014-15 season .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '210', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gareth Edds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gareth_Edds', 'summary': 'Gareth James Edds ( born 3 February 1981 ) is an Australian former professional footballer who played as a defender or midfielder . He was last employed as the head coach at Northern Fury in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '122', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen Gleeson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Gleeson', 'summary': 'Stephen Michael Gleeson ( born 3 August 1988 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder . Gleeson played youth football in his native Dublin before coming to England at the age of 15 to join Wolverhampton Wanderers . He rarely played first-team football for them , but spent time on loan to lower-league clubs Stockport County ( three separate spells ) , Hereford United and Milton Keynes Dons , before signing a three-year contract with the latter club in 2009 . After five years , during which time he made more than 200 appearances in all competitions , Gleeson moved on to Birmingham City . He spent three-and-a-half seasons at Birmingham , making more than 100 appearances in the Championship . He has since played for Ipswich Town and Aberdeen . At international level , Gleeson was capped twice for the Republic of Ireland in 2007 , and was not capped again for nearly ten years . He also represented his country at under-age levels , and made 16 appearances for the under-21 team .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '174', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Willy Guéret', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willy_Guéret', 'summary': 'Willy July Guéret ( born 3 August 1973 ) is a French former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Goalkeeper', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007-2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '135', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antony Kay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antony_Kay', 'summary': "Antony Roland Kay ( born 21 October 1982 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder for National League side Chorley . He began his career with hometown club Barnsley , and made his first-team debut in August 2000 . Established as a first-team regular by the age of 20 , he was voted as the club 's Player of the Season in 2003-04 , and helped Barnsley to win promotion out of League One via the play-offs in 2006 after scoring the winning penalty in the shoot-out victory over Swansea City . He signed with Tranmere Rovers in June 2007 , and was voted the club 's Player of the Season for 2008-09 , before moving on to Huddersfield Town in May 2009 . He was again promoted into the Championship after victory in the 2012 League One play-off final . However he stayed in League One after joining Milton Keynes Dons in August 2012 , and won his third promotion out of the division after helping the club to secure runners-up spot in 2014-15 . He signed with Bury in June 2016 , and played 47 matches as club captain , before moving on to Port Vale a year later . Released after two years in the Vale first-team , he went on to join non-league Chorley in January 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012-2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '142', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mathias Kouo-Doumbé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mathias_Kouo-Doumbé', 'summary': 'Mathias Kouo-Doumbé ( born 28 October 1979 ) , often known simply as Mat or Mathias Doumbé , is a French former footballer . He began his career in his native France , where he was on the books of Paris Saint-Germain and was capped by the French under-21 team . He moved to Scotland in 2001 to play for Premier League club Hibernian , and went on to spend three years with the club , playing in the 2004 Scottish League Cup Final . He switched to English club Plymouth Argyle in May 2004 , and spent five seasons playing in the Championship . He dropped down a division when he joined Milton Keynes Dons for a four-year spell in August 2009 . After a four-year spell with the Dons , he signed with League Two side Northampton Town in September 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009-2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '121', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter Leven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Leven', 'summary': 'Peter McDonald Leven ( born 27 September 1983 ) is a Scottish professional football player and coach .'}]}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '113', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dean Lewington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dean_Lewington', 'summary': "Dean Scott Lewington ( born 18 May 1984 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a left-back for League One club Milton Keynes Dons where he is currently club captain . He is the club 's longest serving player ."}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '539', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Martin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Martin_(footballer_born_1986)', 'summary': 'David Edward Martin ( born 22 January 1986 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Premier League club West Ham United . He has played for the England under-17 , England under-19 and England under-20 teams .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Goalkeeper', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-2006 2010-17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '274', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Izale McLeod', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Izale_McLeod', 'summary': 'Izale Michael McLeod ( born 15 October 1984 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Kempston Rovers . He has played in The Football League for Derby County , Milton Keynes Dons , Charlton Athletic , Barnet , Portsmouth , Crawley Town , Notts County , Yeovil Town and Wrexham . He also played for England U21 .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-2007 2013-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '165', 'urls': []}, {'value': '62', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Sean O'Hanlon", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Sean_O'Hanlon", 'summary': "Sean Philip O'Hanlon ( born 2 January 1983 ) is a retired English footballer . O'Hanlon played for Swindon Town , Milton Keynes Dons , Hibernian , Carlisle United and Stockport County ."}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006-2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '157', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clive Platt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clive_Platt', 'summary': 'Clive Linton Platt ( born 27 October 1977 ) is an English former professional footballer . A forward , he has made 618 appearances in the Football League , including 164 for Rochdale . In his 19-year-long playing career , Platt had played for Walsall , Notts County , Peterborough United , Milton Keynes Dons , Colchester United , Coventry City , Northampton Town and Bury .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005-2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darren Potter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darren_Potter', 'summary': 'Darren Michael Potter ( born 21 December 1984 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Tranmere Rovers . He is a former Liverpool schoolboy captain who hails from the Scotland Road area of the city and is a full Irish international .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '228', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Powell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Powell', 'summary': 'Daniel Vendrys Powell ( born 12 March 1991 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger or a striker for League Two club Crewe Alexandra . Powell started his career with Milton Keynes Dons , and made his first-team debut aged 17 in 2008 . He had loan spells with Crawley Town , Forest Green Rovers and Darlington . In both 2010-11 ( during which he scored 10 goals ) and 2011-12 ( 11 goals ) , he helped Milton Keynes Dons reach the play-offs . Powell was a member of the Milton Keynes Dons team that won promotion to the Championship in 2015 . Released by Milton Keynes Dons in 2017 , he joined Northampton Town before moving to Crewe two years later .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '228', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Reeves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Reeves', 'summary': 'Benjamin Neil Reeves ( born 19 November 1991 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for League One club Milton Keynes Dons . He has previously been capped twice for the Northern Ireland national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Northern Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Ireland', 'summary': "Northern Ireland ( Irish : Tuaisceart Éireann [ ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Norlin Airlann ) is variously described as a country , province or region which is part of the United Kingdom . Located in the northeast of the island of Ireland , Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland . In 2011 , its population was 1,810,863 , constituting about 30% of the island 's total population and about 3% of the UK 's population . Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement , the Northern Ireland Assembly ( colloquially referred to as Stormont after its location ) holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters , while other areas are reserved for the British government . Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in several areas , and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to put forward views and proposals with determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments . On 11 January 2020 , legislators in Northern Ireland formed a government for the first time since the Executive of the 5th Northern Ireland Assembly collapsed in January 2017 , following the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal . Northern Ireland was created in 1921 , when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920 . Unlike Southern Ireland , which would become the Irish Free State in 1922 , the majority of Northern Ireland 's population were unionists , who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom . Most of these were the Protestant descendants of colonists from Great Britain . However , a significant minority , mostly Catholics , were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland independent of British rule . Today , the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish , while a distinct Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed both by a large minority of Catholics and Protestants and by many of those who are non-aligned . For most of the 20th century , when it came into existence , Northern Ireland was marked by discrimination and hostility between these two sides in what First Minister of Northern Ireland , David Trimble , called a cold house for Catholics ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jordan Spence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Spence', 'summary': 'Jordan James Spence ( born 24 May 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who currently plays for ADO Den Haag in the Eredivisie . Predominantly as a right-back , Spence can also operate as a centre-back . He has represented and captained England at various youth levels . He has previously played for West Ham United , Leyton Orient , Scunthorpe United , Bristol City , Sheffield Wednesday , Milton Keynes Dons and Ipswich Town .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Players -- Notable players', 'section_text': "For a list of all Milton Keynes Dons players , past or present , see Category : Milton Keynes Dons F.C . players . Dean Lewington , the present captain of MK Dons , has played more matches for the team than any other player . Pictured in 2011 , he is , as of October 2017 , the only former Wimbledon player left in the club 's squad . Mark Wright finished the 2007/08 season as the club 's top goalscorer , helping the Dons win both the League Two title and the Football League Trophy . Jon Otsemobor made 44 appearances for the club and scored the winning goal in the first match against AFC Wimbledon with a back-heel that was later dubbed the `` Heel of God '' . [ 130 ] Milton Keynes Dons were former Premier League player Jimmy Bullard 's last club before his retirement from football , making only three appearances for the club . [ 131 ] Similarly Dietmar Hamman made 12 appearances as a player-coach before retiring . [ 132 ] Notable players loaned from other clubs were strikers Patrick Bamford , who scored 18 goals in 37 games , Benik Afobe , who became the league 's top scorer in just six months , and Ángelo Balanta , whose loan spell lasted three years . [ 133 ] Former Ireland international Clinton Morrison [ 134 ] and former Premiership players Paul Rachubka and James Tavernier also had short loan spells with the club . Alan Smith , most known for his time at Leeds United and Manchester United , joined the club on loan , signing from Newcastle United before making the move permanent totalling 67 appearances for the club . Other international players who have worn the Dons shirt include Tore André Flo , Ali Gerba , Michel Pensée , Cristian Benavente , Richard Pacquette , Keith Andrews , Russell Martin , Tom Flanagan , Drissa Diallo , Pelé and Ousseynou Cissé . Joe Walsh , Brendan Galloway , Jordan Houghton , Connor Furlong , Gboly Ariyibi , Gareth Edds all represented their countries at youth level . Statistics are correct as of 26 August 2017 . [ 135 ]", 'uid': 'Milton_Keynes_Dons_F.C._0', 'intro': "Milton Keynes Dons Football Club (/ˌmɪltən ˈkiːnz ˈdɒnz/), usually abbreviated to MK Dons, is a professional association football club based in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The team competes in League One, the third tier of the English football league system, after gaining promotion at the end of the 2018-19 season. The club was founded in 2004, following Wimbledon F.C. 's controversial relocation to Milton Keynes from south London, when it adopted its present name, badge and home colours. [n 2]\n Initially based at the National Hockey Stadium, the club competed as Milton Keynes Dons from the start of the 2004-05 season. After two seasons in League One, they were relegated to League Two in 2006. The club moved to their current ground, Stadium MK, for the 2007-08 season, in which they won the League Two title and the Football League Trophy under the management of Paul Ince. After seven further seasons in League One, the club won promotion to the Championship in 2015 under the management of Karl Robinson; however, they were relegated back to League One after one season. Milton Keynes Dons have built a reputation for youth development, run 16 disability teams and their football trust engages around 60,000 people; between 2012 and 2013 the club produced 11 young players who have been called into age group national teams and between 2004 and 2014 the club gave first-team debuts to 14 local academy graduates, including the England international midfielder Dele Alli. The club also run a women's association football side, Milton Keynes Dons Women."} | null | null | What British born midfielder was released from Cambridge United at the end of the 2104-15 season ? | Luke Chadwick |
0b881e89b92f95d6 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield_transmitting_station', 'title': 'Sutton Coldfield transmitting station', 'header': ['Frequency', 'kW', 'Service'], 'data': [{'value': '88.3 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MHz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '250', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Radio 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_2', 'summary': "BBC Radio 2 is one of the BBC 's two flagship national radio stations ( the other being BBC Radio 1 ) and the most popular station in the United Kingdom with over 15 million weekly listeners . Much of its daytime playlist-based programming is adult contemporary or AOR , although the station also broadcasts other specialist musical genres . Radio 2 broadcasts throughout the UK on FM between 88.1 and 90.2 MHz from studios in Wogan House , adjacent to Broadcasting House in central London . Programmes are relayed on digital radio via DAB , Sky , Cable TV , IPTV , Freeview , Freesat and the Internet ."}]}, {'value': '90.5 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '250', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Radio 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_3', 'summary': "BBC Radio 3 is a British radio station operated by the BBC . Its output centres on classical music and opera , but jazz , world music , drama , culture and the arts also feature . The station describes itself as 'the world 's most significant commissioner of new music ' , and through its New Generation Artists scheme promotes young musicians of all nationalities . The station broadcasts the BBC Proms concerts , live and in full , each summer in addition to performances by the BBC Orchestras and Singers . There are regular productions of both classic plays and newly commissioned drama . Radio 3 won the Sony Radio Academy UK Station of the Year Gold Award for 2009 and was nominated again in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '92.7 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '250', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Radio 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_4', 'summary': "BBC Radio 4 , part of BBC Radio , is owned and operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation . It broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes including news , drama , comedy , science and history from the BBC 's headquarters at Broadcasting House , London . It replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967 . The station controller is Mohit Bakaya . It is the second-most-popular domestic radio station in the UK , broadcast throughout the UK , the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands on FM , LW and DAB , and can be received in eastern and south eastern counties of Ireland , the north of France and Northern Europe . It is also available through Freeview , Sky , Virgin Media and on the Internet . Its sister station , BBC Radio 4 Extra ( formerly BBC Radio 7 ) , complements the main channel by broadcasting repeats from the Radio 4 archive , extended versions of Radio 4 programmes and supplements to series such as The Archers and Desert Island Discs . It is notable for its news bulletins and programmes such as Today and The World at One , heralded on air by the Greenwich Time Signal pips or the chimes of Big Ben . Radio 4 broadcasts the Shipping Forecast , which reached 150 years old in August 2017 . The pips are only accurate on FM , LW , and MW as there is a delay on DAB and digital radio of approximately 3 to 5 seconds , even longer online ( up to 23 seconds ) ."}]}, {'value': '95.6 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC WM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_WM', 'summary': 'BBC WM 95.6 ( previously BBC Radio WM ) is the BBC Local Radio service serving the West Midlands conurbation , operated by BBC Birmingham . Launched on 9 November 1970 as BBC Radio Birmingham , it broadcasts from central Birmingham on 95.6 FM , DAB , Freeview and online .'}]}, {'value': '96.4 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free Radio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Free_Radio_(network)', 'summary': 'The Free group of radio stations is owned and operated by Bauer . The group launched on Monday 26 March 2012 as a result of the rebranding of four FM stations - BRMB , Beacon , Mercia and Wyvern . On Tuesday 4 September 2012 , a secondary AM station broadcasting 1980s chart music , Free 80s , was launched . The four FM stations are now subsumed into the Hits Radio network whilst the single AM station is part of the Greatest Hits Radio network .'}]}, {'value': '97.9 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '250', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Radio 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_1', 'summary': "BBC Radio 1 is one of the BBC 's two flagship radio stations ( the other being BBC Radio 2 ) , specialising in modern popular music and current chart hits throughout the day . Radio 1 provides alternative genres at night , including electronica , dance , hip hop and indie . The choice of music and presenting style is entirely that of programme hosts , however those who present in the daytime have to rotate a number of songs a specific number of times ( 8 , 13 or 15 ) per week . It was launched in 1967 to meet the demand for music generated by pirate radio stations , when the average age of the UK population was 27 . The BBC claim that they target the 15-29 age group , and the average age of its UK audience since 2009 is 30 . BBC Radio 1 started 24-hour broadcasting on 1 May 1991 ."}]}, {'value': '100.1 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '125', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Classic FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)', 'summary': "Classic FM ( stylised as Classic fM ) is one of the United Kingdom 's three Independent National Radio stations . The station broadcasts classical music . Classic FM was the first national classical music station to have been launched since the opening of BBC Radio 3 , 25 years earlier , in September 1967 , and 46 years since the opening of Radio 3 's predecessor , The Third Programme , in September 1946 ."}]}, {'value': '100.7 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heart West Midlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heart_West_Midlands', 'summary': 'Heart West Midlands is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global as part of the Heart network . It broadcasts to the West Midlands from studios in Birmingham .'}]}, {'value': '105.2 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greatest Hits West Midlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Network', 'summary': 'Greatest Hits Radio is a network of radio stations in the United Kingdom , owned and operated by Bauer Radio . The stations air a mainly networked schedule of classic hits music , alongside local news and travel . The network launched on 5 January 2015 as the Bauer City 2 Network , and rebranded on 7 January 2019 . The network consists of 18 local radio stations in Northern England , the West Midlands and Scotland , as well as a national DAB station in areas not served by a local Bauer-owned station .'}]}, {'value': '105.7 MHz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Smooth Radio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smooth_Radio', 'summary': 'Smooth Radio is a network of adult contemporary local radio stations broadcasting on FM and MW stations in the United Kingdom . Launched in March 2014 , they replaced the national Smooth Radio that had launched in 2010 on FM , and most outlets of Gold on MW . Each FM station broadcasts localised breakfast and drivetime programming on weekdays , with networked shows simulcast from London at all other times . Three of the six FM stations , and all eighteen AM frequencies , are owned and operated by Global , with the remaining three FM licences owned by Communicorp and run as a franchise .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Services -- Radio', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Sutton_Coldfield_transmitting_station_0', 'intro': 'The Sutton Coldfield transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located in Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. In terms of population covered, it is the third most important transmitter in the UK, after Crystal Palace in London and Winter Hill near Bolton.'} | null | null | Between the kilowatt of 99 and 150 what kind of music does the service broadcast ? | Classical |
0b884d9a3b8b6842 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1962', 'title': 'List of French films of 1962', 'header': ['Title', 'Director', 'Cast', 'Genre', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Adorable Liar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adorable_Liar', 'summary': 'Adorable Liar ( French : Adorable Menteuse ) is a 1962 French romantic comedy film directed by Michel Deville and starring Marina Vlady , Macha Méril and Jean-Marc Bory .'}]}, {'value': 'Michel Deville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michel_Deville', 'summary': "Michel Deville ( born 13 April 1931 ) is a French film director and screenwriter . Deville started his filmmaking career in the late 1950s , paralleling the emergence of the French New Wave directors . He never achieved the level of critical and international recognition of some of his contemporaries such as François Truffaut , Jean-Luc Godard and Claude Chabrol , possibly because of his more conventional filmmaking style . Nevertheless , his films , especially his comedies from the 1970s and 1980s , were popular in his native France . [ citation needed ] One of Deville 's comedies , La Lectrice ( The Reader ) was probably his biggest success with international audiences . La Lectrice is about a woman ( played by Miou-Miou ) , who finds work reading novels for the blind but gradually finds herself unwittingly attracting a clientele of fetishists who enjoyed being read to . At one time his films were difficult to find in North America but presently ( 2007 ) seven of his films are available in DVD in the U.S. His 1980 film Le Voyage en douce was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival . Five years later , his film Death in a French Garden was entered into the 35th Berlin International Film Festival . A clip from his 1968 film Benjamin is included in Robert Bressons Une Femme Douce ( 1969 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Marina Vlady , Macha Méril', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marina_Vlady', 'summary': 'Marina Vlady ( born Marina Catherine de Poliakoff-Baydaroff ; 10 May 1938 ) is a French actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Macha_Méril', 'summary': 'Macha Méril ( born Princess Maria-Magdalena Vladimirovna Gagarina on 3 September 1940 ) is a French actress and writer .'}]}, {'value': 'Romantic comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Awful Dr. Orloff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Awful_Dr._Orloff', 'summary': "The Awful Dr. Orloff ( Spanish : Gritos en la noche , lit . 'Screams in the Night ' ) is a 1962 horror film , directed by Jesús Franco . It stars Howard Vernon as the mad Dr. Orloff ( sometimes spelled Orlof ) who wants to repair his disfigured daughter 's face with skin grafts from other women with the aid of a slavish , blind henchman named Morpho . The film is considered to be the earliest Spanish horror film . Howard Vernon continued to appear in a number of Franco 's horror films up until his death . Franco would later feature a number of blind or disfigured henchmen also named Morpho in many of his later horror films , such as Vampyros Lesbos and Revenge in the House of Usher ."}]}, {'value': 'Jesús Franco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jesús_Franco', 'summary': 'Jesús Franco Manera ( 12 May 1930 - 2 April 2013 ) was a Spanish filmmaker , composer , and actor , best known for his stylish exploitation films , directing around 160 feature films .'}]}, {'value': 'Perla Cristal , Howard Vernon , Riccardo Valle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perla_Cristal', 'summary': "Perla Cristal ( born September 29 , 1937 ) is an Argentine actress and vedette and singer who began her career in her native country , with incursions into Hollywood and Spanish and Italian cinema . She settled in Spain in the early 1960s and continued her career in film . Cristal 's first starring role was in the 1950 film Arroz con leche under director Carlos Schlieper . Other notable films include The Black Tulip ( 1964 ) , starring Alain Delon and Virna Lisi , and The Corruption of Chris Miller ( 1972 ) , with Jean Seberg and Marisol . She also appeared in Jess Franco 's The Awful Dr. Orloff ( 1962 ) and starred opposite Paul Naschy in The Fury of the Wolfman ( 1972 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Howard_Vernon', 'summary': 'Howard Vernon ( 15 July 1908 - 25 July 1996 ) was a Swiss actor . In the 1960s , he became a favourite actor of Spanish horror director Jesús Franco and began starring in many low-budget horror films produced in Spain or France , often portraying a mad doctor named Dr. Orloff .'}]}, {'value': 'Horror', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spanish-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Boccaccio '70", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boccaccio_'70", 'summary': "Boccaccio '70 is a 1962 Italian film produced by Carlo Ponti and directed by Mario Monicelli , Federico Fellini , Luchino Visconti and Vittorio De Sica from an idea by Cesare Zavattini . It is an anthology of four episodes , each by one of the directors , all about a different aspect of morality and love in modern times in the style of Giovanni Boccaccio ."}]}, {'value': 'Vittorio De Sica , Federico Fellini , Mario Monicelli , Luchino Visconti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica', 'summary': "Vittorio De Sica ( /də ˈsiːkə/ də SEE-kə , Italian : [ vitˈtɔːrjo de ˈsiːka ] ; 7 July 1901 - 13 November 1974 ) was an Italian director and actor , a leading figure in the neorealist movement . Four of the films he directed won Academy Awards : Sciuscià and Bicycle Thieves ( honorary ) , while Yesterday , Today and Tomorrow and Il giardino dei Finzi Contini won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Indeed , the great critical success of Sciuscià ( the first foreign film to be so recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ) and Bicycle Thieves helped establish the permanent Best Foreign Film Award . These two films are considered part of the canon of classic cinema . Bicycle Thieves was cited by Turner Classic Movies as one of the 15 most influential films in cinema history . De Sica was also nominated for the 1957 Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for playing Major Rinaldi in American director Charles Vidor 's 1957 adaptation of Ernest Hemingway 's A Farewell to Arms , a movie that was panned by critics and proved a box office flop . De Sica 's acting was considered the highlight of the film ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Federico_Fellini', 'summary': "Federico Fellini , Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( Italian : [ fedeˈriːko felˈliːni ] ; 20 January 1920 - 31 October 1993 ) was an Italian film director and screenwriter . Known for his distinct style that blends fantasy and baroque images with earthiness , he is recognized as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time . His films have ranked , in polls such as Cahiers du cinéma and Sight & Sound , as some of the greatest films of all time . Sight & Sound lists his 1963 film 8½ as the 10th-greatest film of all time . In a career spanning almost fifty years , Fellini won the Palme d'Or for La Dolce Vita , was nominated for twelve Academy Awards and won four in the category of Best Foreign Language Film , the most for any director in the history of the Academy . At the 65th Annual Academy Awards in Los Angeles , he received an honorary award for Lifetime Achievement . Besides La Dolce Vita and 8½ , his other well-known films include La Strada , Nights of Cabiria , Juliet of the Spirits , Satyricon , Amarcord and Fellini 's Casanova ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario_Monicelli', 'summary': "Mario Monicelli ( Italian : [ ˈmaːrjo moniˈtʃɛlli ] ; 16 May 1915 - 29 November 2010 ) was an Italian director and screenwriter and one of the masters of the Commedia all'Italiana ( Comedy Italian style ) . He was nominated six times for an Oscar ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Luchino_Visconti', 'summary': 'Luchino Visconti di Modrone , Count of Lonate Pozzolo ( Italian : [ luˈkiːno visˈkonti di moˈdroːne ] ; 2 November 1906 - 17 March 1976 ) , was an Italian theatre , opera and cinema director , as well as a screenwriter . He is best known for his films Ossessione ( 1943 ) , Senso ( 1954 ) , Rocco and His Brothers ( 1960 ) , The Leopard ( 1963 ) and Death in Venice ( 1971 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Romy Schneider , Sophia Loren , Anita Ekberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romy_Schneider', 'summary': "Romy Schneider ( born Rosemarie Magdalena Albach , 23 September 1938 - 29 May 1982 ) was a German-French film actress and voice actress . She started her career in the German Heimatfilm genre in the early 1950s when she was 15 . From 1955 to 1957 , she played the central character of Empress Elisabeth of Austria in the Austrian Sissi trilogy , and later reprised the role in a more mature version in Visconti 's Ludwig . Schneider moved to France , where she made successful and critically acclaimed films with some of the most notable film directors of that era ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sophia_Loren', 'summary': "Sofia Villani Scicolone Dame Grand Cross OMRI ( Italian : [ soˈfiːa vilˈlaːni ʃikoˈloːne ] ; born 20 September 1934 ) , known professionally as Sophia Loren ( Italian : [ ˈlɔːren ] , English : /ləˈrɛn/ ) , is an Italian film actress . She is one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood . Encouraged to enroll in acting lessons after entering a beauty pageant , Loren began her film career at age 16 in 1950 . She appeared in several bit parts and minor roles in the early part of the decade , until her five-picture contract with Paramount in 1956 launched her international career . Notable film appearances around this time include The Pride and the Passion , Houseboat , and It Started in Naples . Her talents as an actress were not recognized until her performance as Cesira in Vittorio De Sica 's Two Women ( 1961 ) ; Loren 's performance earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the first actor or actress to win an Oscar for a foreign-language performance . She holds the record for having earned six David di Donatello Awards for Best Actress : Two Women ; Yesterday , Today and Tomorrow ( 1963 ) ; Marriage Italian Style ( 1964 ) ( for which she was nominated for a second Oscar ) ; Sunflower ( 1970 ) ; The Voyage ( 1974 ) ; and A Special Day ( 1977 ) . After starting a family in the early 1970s , Loren chose to make only occasional film appearances . Most recently , she has appeared in American films such as Grumpier Old Men ( 1995 ) and Nine ( 2009 ) . Aside from the Academy Award , she has won a Grammy Award , five special Golden Globes ( including the Cecil B. DeMille Award ) , a BAFTA Award , a Laurel Award , the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival , the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival and the Honorary Academy Award in 1991 . In 1995 , she received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievements , one of many such awards . In 1999 , Loren was named by the American Film Institute the 21st greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anita_Ekberg', 'summary': 'Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg ( Swedish pronunciation : [ aˈnîːta ˈêːkbærj ] ( listen ) ; 29 September 1931 - 11 January 2015 ) was a Swedish actress active in American and European films . She is best known for her role as Sylvia in the Federico Fellini film La Dolce Vita ( 1960 ) . Ekberg worked primarily in Italy , where she became a permanent resident in 1964 .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy , fantasy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italian-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cartouche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cartouche_(film)', 'summary': 'Cartouche is a 1962 French adventurer film directed by Philippe de Broca and starring Jean-Paul Belmondo and Claudia Cardinale .'}]}, {'value': 'Philippe de Broca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippe_de_Broca', 'summary': "Philippe de Broca ( French : [ də bʁɔka ] ; 15 March 1933 - 26 November 2004 ) was a French movie director . He directed 30 full-length feature films , including the highly successful That Man from Rio ( L'Homme de Rio ) , The Man from Acapulco ( Le Magnifique ) and On Guard ( Le Bossu ) . His works include historical , romantic epics such as Chouans ! and King of Hearts ( Le Roi de cœur ) , as well as comedies with a charismatic , breezy hero ready to embark upon any adventure which comes his way , so long as it means escaping everyday modern life : Practice Makes Perfect ( Le Cavaleur ) , The Devil by the Tail ( Le Diable par la queue ) , The African ( L'Africain ) . He had links with the actor Jean-Paul Belmondo , with whom he made six films , as well as with Jean-Pierre Cassel , Philippe Noiret and Jean Rochefort ."}]}, {'value': 'Jean-Paul Belmondo , Claudia Cardinale , Jean Rochefort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo', 'summary': 'Jean-Paul Belmondo ( French : [ ʒɑ̃pɔl bɛlmɔ̃do ] ; born 9 April 1933 ) is a French actor initially associated with the New Wave of the 1960s and one of the biggest French film stars of the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s . His best known credits include Breathless ( 1960 ) and That Man from Rio ( 1964 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale', 'summary': "Claudia Cardinale ( born Claude Joséphine Rose Cardinale , 15 April 1938 ) is an Italian Tunisian film actress who appeared in some of the most acclaimed European films of the 1960s and 1970s , mainly Italian or French , but also in many English-language films . Born and raised in La Goulette , a neighbourhood of Tunis , Cardinale won the Most Beautiful Italian Girl in Tunisia competition in 1957 , the prize being a trip to Italy , which quickly led to film contracts , due above all to the involvement of Franco Cristaldi , who acted as her mentor for a number of years and later married her . After making her debut in a minor role with Omar Sharif in Goha ( 1958 ) , Cardinale became one of the best-known actresses in Italy after roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers ( 1960 ) , Girl with a Suitcase ( 1961 ) , Cartouche ( 1962 ) , The Leopard ( 1963 ) , and Fellini 's 8½ ( 1963 ) . [ a ] From 1963 , Cardinale became known in the United States and Britain following her role in The Pink Panther opposite David Niven . For several years , she appeared in Hollywood films such as Blindfold ( 1965 ) , Lost Command ( 1966 ) , The Professionals ( 1966 ) , The Hell with Heroes ( 1968 ) , and the Sergio Leone epic Western Once Upon a Time in the West ( 1968 ) , a joint US-Italian production , in which she was praised for her role as a former prostitute opposite Jason Robards , Charles Bronson , and Henry Fonda . Jaded with the Hollywood film industry and not wanting to become a cliché , Cardinale returned to Italian and French cinema , and garnered the David di Donatello for Best Actress award for her roles in Il giorno della civetta ( 1968 ) and as a prostitute alongside Alberto Sordi in A Girl in Australia ( 1971 ) . In 1974 , Cardinale met director Pasquale Squitieri , who would become her husband , and she frequently featured in his films , including I guappi ( 1974 ) , Corleone ( 1978 ) and Claretta ( 1984 ) , the last of which won her the Nastro d'Argento Award for Best Actress . In 1982 , she starred in Werner Herzog 's Fitzcarraldo as the love interest of Klaus Kinski , who raises the funds to buy a steamship in Peru . In 2010 , Cardinale received the Best Actress Award at the 47th Antalya Golden Orange International Film Festival for her performance as an elderly Italian woman who takes in a young Turkish exchange student in Signora Enrica . Outspoken on women 's rights causes over the years , Cardinale has been a UNESCO goodwill ambassador for the Defense of Women 's Rights since March 2000 . In February 2011 , the Los Angeles Times Magazine named Cardinale among the 50 most beautiful women in film history ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jean_Rochefort', 'summary': 'Jean Raoul Robert Rochefort ( French : [ ʒã ʁɔʃ.fɔʁ ] ; 29 April 1930 - 9 October 2017 ) was a French stage and screen actor . He received many accolades during his career , including an Honorary César in 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'Adventure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cléo from 5 to 7', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cléo_from_5_to_7', 'summary': "Cléo from 5 to 7 ( French : Cléo de 5 à 7 [ kle.o də sɛ̃k a sɛt ] ) is a 1962 French Left Bank film by Agnès Varda . The story starts with a young singer , Florence Cléo Victoire , at 5pm on June 21 , as she waits until 6:30pm to hear the results of a medical test that will possibly confirm a diagnosis of cancer . The film is noted for its handling of several of the themes of existentialism , including discussions of mortality , the idea of despair , and leading a meaningful life . The film also has a strong feminine viewpoint belonging to French feminism and raises questions about how women are perceived , especially in French society . Mirrors appear frequently to symbolize self-obsession , which Cléo embodies . The film includes cameos by Jean-Luc Godard , Anna Karina , Eddie Constantine and Jean-Claude Brialy as characters in the silent film Raoul shows Cléo and Dorothée , while composer Michel Legrand , who wrote the film 's score , plays Bob the pianist . It was entered into the 1962 Cannes Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Agnès Varda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agnès_Varda', 'summary': "Agnès Varda ( French : [ aɲɛs vaʁda ] ; 30 May 1928 - 29 March 2019 ) was a Belgian-born French film director , photographer , and artist . Her work was pioneering for , and central to , the development of the widely influential French New Wave film movement of the 1950s and 1960s . Her films focused on achieving documentary realism , addressing feminist issues , and producing other social commentary , with a distinctive experimental style . Varda 's work employed location shooting in an era when the limitations of sound technology made it easier and more common to film indoors , with constructed sets and painted backdrops of landscapes , rather than outdoors , on location . Her use of non-professional actors was also unconventional for 1950s French cinema . Among several other awards and nominations , Varda received an honorary Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival , a Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival , an Academy Honorary Award , and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature ."}]}, {'value': 'Corinne Marchand , Antoine Bourseiller , Dominique Davray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corinne_Marchand', 'summary': 'Corinne Marchand ( born 4 December 1931 in Paris ) is a French actress . She is best known for playing the pop singer Cléo in Cléo from 5 to 7 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Antoine_Bourseiller', 'summary': "Antoine Bourseiller ( 8 July 1930 - 21 May 2013 ) was a French comedian and opera and theatre director . Born in Paris in 1930 , from 1960 to 1963 Bourseiller headed the Studio des Champs-Elysées . In 1966 , he was named director of the Centre dramatique national d'Aix-en-Provence . He also directed the Théâtre Récamier . From 1982 until 1996 he was director of the Opéra de Nancy et de Lorraine . Bourseiller won the Prix du Concours des Jeunes compagnies in 1960 and the Grand Prix du théâtre du Syndicat de la critique in 1963 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dominique_Davray', 'summary': 'Dominique Davray ( born Marie-Louise Gournay ; 27 January 1919 in Paris - 16 August 1998 in Paris ) was a French actress . She performed in more than ninety films from 1942 to 1983 .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Douce violence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douce_violence_(film)', 'summary': 'Douce violence is a 1962 French drama film directed by Max Pécas and starring Elke Sommer , Pierre Brice , Christian Pezey and Vittoria Prada .'}]}, {'value': 'Max Pécas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Max_Pécas', 'summary': "Max Pécas ( 25 April 1925 in Lyon - 10 February 2003 in Paris ) was a French filmmaker , writer and producer . Pécas was assistant director to Jacques Daroy and others from 1948 to 1957 . After making erotic movies and thrillers through the 1960s and 1970s , he shot several teen comedies , including the popular three-film Saint-Tropez series . Many of his films are considered camp B-movies . Some of Pécas 's softcore films were imported to the U.S. by Radley Metzger ."}]}, {'value': 'Elke Sommer , Pierre Brice , Christian Pezy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elke_Sommer', 'summary': 'Elke Sommer ( born 5 November 1940 ) , [ citation needed ] born Elke Baronesse von Schletz , is a German actress , entertainer and artist who starred in many Hollywood films .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Brice', 'summary': 'Pierre-Louis Le Bris ( 6 February 1929 - 6 June 2015 ) , known as Pierre Brice , was a French actor , best known as portraying fictional Apache-chief Winnetou in German films based on Karl May novels .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eclipse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eclipse_(1962_film)', 'summary': "L'Eclisse ( English : The Eclipse ) is a 1962 Italian drama film written and directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Alain Delon and Monica Vitti . Filmed on location in Rome and Verona , the story follows a young woman ( Vitti ) who pursues an affair with a confident young stockbroker ( Delon ) . The film is considered the last part of a trilogy , and is preceded by L'Avventura ( 1960 ) and La Notte ( 1961 ) . L'Eclisse won the Special Jury Prize at the 1962 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Palme d'Or . Described by Martin Scorsese as the boldest film in the trilogy , it is one of the director 's more acclaimed works ."}]}, {'value': 'Michelangelo Antonioni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni', 'summary': "Michelangelo Antonioni Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( /ænˌtoʊniˈoʊni/ , Italian : [ mikeˈlandʒelo antoˈnjoːni ] ; 29 September 1912 - 30 July 2007 ) , was an Italian film director , screenwriter , editor , painter , and short story author . He is best known for his trilogy on modernity and its discontents - L'Avventura ( 1960 ) , La Notte ( 1961 ) , and L'Eclisse ( 1962 ) - as well as the English-language films Blowup ( 1966 ) and The Passenger ( 1975 ) . His films have been described as enigmatic and intricate mood pieces that feature elusive plots , striking visuals , and a preoccupation with modern landscapes . His work would substantially influence subsequent art films . Antonioni received numerous awards and nominations throughout his career , including the Cannes Film Festival Jury Prize ( 1960 , 1962 ) , Palme d'Or ( 1966 ) , and 35th Anniversary Prize ( 1982 ) ; the Venice Film Festival Silver Lion ( 1955 ) , Golden Lion ( 1964 ) , FIPRESCI Prize ( 1964 , 1995 ) , and Pietro Bianchi Award ( 1998 ) ; the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon eight times ; and an honorary Academy Award in 1995 . He is one of three directors to have won the Palme d'Or , the Golden Lion and the Golden Bear , and the only director to have won these three and the Golden Leopard ."}]}, {'value': 'Monica Vitti , Alain Delon , Lilla Brignone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monica_Vitti', 'summary': 'Monica Vitti ( born 3 November 1931 ) is an Italian actress best known for her starring roles in films directed by Michelangelo Antonioni during the early 1960s . After working with Antonioni , Vitti changed focus and began making comedies , working with director Mario Monicelli on many films . She has appeared with Marcello Mastroianni , Richard Harris , Terence Stamp , Michael Caine , and Dirk Bogarde . Vitti won five David di Donatello Awards for Best Actress , seven Italian Golden Globes for Best Actress , the Career Golden Globe , and the Venice Film Festival Career Golden Lion Award .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alain_Delon', 'summary': "Alain Fabien Maurice Marcel Delon ( French : [ alɛ̃ dəlɔ̃ ] ; born 8 November 1935 ) is a French actor and businessman . He is known as one of Europe 's most prominent actors and screen sex symbols from the 1960s . He achieved critical acclaim for roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers ( 1960 ) , Plein Soleil ( 1960 ) , L'Eclisse ( 1962 ) , The Leopard ( 1963 ) , The Yellow Rolls-Royce ( 1965 ) , Lost Command ( 1966 ) and Le Samouraï ( 1967 ) . Over the course of his career Delon worked with many well known directors , including Luchino Visconti , Jean-Luc Godard , Jean-Pierre Melville , Michelangelo Antonioni and Louis Malle . He acquired Swiss citizenship in 1999 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lilla_Brignone', 'summary': 'Lilla Brignone ( 23 August 1913 - 24 March 1984 ) was an Italian film and theater actress . She appeared in 40 films between 1930 and 1982 . Her father was film director and actor Guido Brignone and her aunt was actress Mercedes Brignone .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italian-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Elusive Corporal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Elusive_Corporal', 'summary': "The Elusive Corporal ( French : Le Caporal épinglé ) is a 1962 French comedy film directed by Jean Renoir and starring Jean-Pierre Cassel . It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival . Renoir shot his film in Austria in 1961 from Jacques Perret 's book based on his own prisoner of war experiences . Renoir 's friend and assistant director Guy Lefranc had also been a World War II prisoner of war and had developed the project for seven years . The story serves as a companion piece to the director 's 1937 film , Grand Illusion , once more bringing together men from across the broad social spectrum of French society to depict one man 's Sisyphean efforts to escape captivity in a German POW camp ."}]}, {'value': 'Jean Renoir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Renoir', 'summary': "Jean Renoir ( French : [ ʁənwaʁ ] ; 15 September 1894 - 12 February 1979 ) was a French film director , screenwriter , actor , producer and author . As a film director and actor , he made more than forty films from the silent era to the end of the 1960s . His films La Grande Illusion ( 1937 ) and The Rules of the Game ( 1939 ) are often cited by critics as among the greatest films ever made . He was ranked by the BFI 's Sight & Sound poll of critics in 2002 as the fourth greatest director of all time . Among numerous honors accrued during his lifetime , he received a Lifetime Achievement Academy Award in 1975 for his contribution to the motion picture industry . Renoir was the son of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir . He was one of the first filmmakers to be known as an auteur ."}]}, {'value': 'Jean-Pierre Cassel , Claude Brasseur , Claude Rich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Cassel', 'summary': 'Jean-Pierre Cassel ( 27 October 1932 - 19 April 2007 ) was a French actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Claude_Brasseur', 'summary': 'Claude Brasseur ( born 15 June 1936 ) is a French actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Claude_Rich', 'summary': 'Claude Rich ( 8 February 1929 - 20 July 2017 ) was a French stage and screen actor . He began his career in the theater before his film debut in 1955 .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy-drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Eye of Evil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Eye_of_Evil', 'summary': "The Third Lover ( original title : L'Œil du malin ) , also known as The Eye of Evil , is a 1962 drama directed by Claude Chabrol . It is one of Chabrol 's first films to include social criticism on bourgeoisie lifestyles that would become one of his trademarks in later films . It tells the story of a journalist in southern Germany who is befriended by a novelist and his wife and gradually begins to destroy the couple 's lives ."}]}, {'value': 'Claude Chabrol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claude_Chabrol', 'summary': "Claude Henri Jean Chabrol ( French : [ klod ʃabʁɔl ] ; 24 June 1930 - 12 September 2010 ) was a French film director and a member of the French New Wave ( nouvelle vague ) group of filmmakers who first came to prominence at the end of the 1950s . Like his colleagues and contemporaries Jean-Luc Godard , François Truffaut , Éric Rohmer and Jacques Rivette , Chabrol was a critic for the influential film magazine Cahiers du cinéma before beginning his career as a film maker . Chabrol 's career began with Le Beau Serge ( 1958 ) , inspired by Hitchcock 's Shadow of a Doubt ( 1943 ) . Thrillers became something of a trademark for Chabrol , with an approach characterized by a distanced objectivity . This is especially apparent in Les Biches ( 1968 ) , La Femme infidèle ( 1969 ) , and Le Boucher ( 1970 ) - all featuring Stéphane Audran , who was his wife at the time . Sometimes characterized as a mainstream New Wave director , Chabrol remained prolific and popular throughout his half-century career . In 1978 , he cast Isabelle Huppert as the lead in Violette Nozière . On the strength of that effort , the pair went on to others including the successful Madame Bovary ( 1991 ) and La Cérémonie ( 1996 ) . Film critic John Russell Taylor has stated that there are few directors whose films are more difficult to explain or evoke on paper , if only because so much of the overall effect turns on Chabrol 's sheer hedonistic relish for the medium.Some of his films become almost private jokes , made to amuse himself . James Monaco has called Chabrol the craftsman par excellence of the New Wave , and his variations upon a theme give us an understanding of the explicitness and precision of the language of the film that we do n't get from the more varied experiments in genre of Truffaut or Godard ."}]}, {'value': 'Jacques Charrier , Stéphane Audran , Walther Reyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacques_Charrier', 'summary': 'Jacques Charrier ( born 6 November 1936 in Metz ) is a French actor in both film and the theater , a film producer , and an artist in painting and ceramics . He was formerly married to film actress Brigitte Bardot .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stéphane_Audran', 'summary': "Stéphane Audran ( born Colette Suzanne Dacheville ; 8 November 1932 - 27 March 2018 ) was a French film and television actress , known for her performances in award-winning movies such as The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie ( 1972 ) and Babette 's Feast ( 1987 ) and in critically acclaimed films like The Big Red One ( 1980 ) and Violette Nozière ( 1978 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Walther_Reyer', 'summary': 'Walther Reyer ( 4 September 1922 - 8 September 1999 ) was an Austrian actor . He appeared in more than 50 films and television shows between 1954 and 1997 .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Give Me Ten Desperate Men', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Give_Me_Ten_Desperate_Men', 'summary': 'Give Me Ten Desperate Men ( French : Donnez-moi dix hommes désespérés ) is a 1962 French drama film directed by Pierre Zimmer . It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Pierre Zimmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Zimmer', 'summary': 'Pierre Zimmer ( 15 December 1927 - 22 May 2010 ) was a French actor and film director . He appeared in 31 films and television shows between 1966 and 2001 . In 1962 he directed the film Give Me Ten Desperate Men , which was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Pascale Audret , Jacques Riberolles , Maurice Sarfati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pascale_Audret', 'summary': 'Pascale Audret ( 12 October 1935 , Neuilly-sur-Seine - 17 July 2000 ) was a French actress who was most active during the 1950s through the 1960s .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Israeli production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jules and Jim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jules_and_Jim', 'summary': "Jules and Jim ( French : Jules et Jim [ ʒyl e dʒim ] ) is a 1962 French New Wave romantic drama film , directed , produced and written by François Truffaut . Set around the time of World War I , it describes a tragic love triangle involving French Bohemian Jim ( Henri Serre ) , his shy Austrian friend Jules ( Oskar Werner ) , and Jules 's girlfriend and later wife Catherine ( Jeanne Moreau ) . The film is based on Henri-Pierre Roché 's 1953 semi-autobiographical novel describing his relationship with young writer Franz Hessel and Helen Grund , whom Hessel married . Truffaut came across the book in the mid-1950s whilst browsing through some secondhand books at a shop along the Seine in Paris . Later he befriended the elderly Roché , who had published his first novel at the age of 74 . The author approved of the young director 's interest to adapt his work to another medium . The film won the 1962 Grand Prix of French film prizes , the Étoile de Cristal , and Jeanne Moreau won that year 's prize for best actress . The film ranked 46 in Empire magazine 's The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema in 2010 . The soundtrack by Georges Delerue was named as one of the 10 best soundtracks by Time magazine in its All Time 100 Movies list ."}]}, {'value': 'François Truffaut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/François_Truffaut', 'summary': "François Roland Truffaut ( UK : /ˈtruːfoʊ , ˈtrʊfoʊ/ TROO-foh , TRUUF-oh , US : /truːˈfoʊ/ troo-FOH , French : [ fʁɑ̃swa ʁɔlɑ̃ tʁyfo ] ; 6 February 1932 - 21 October 1984 ) was a French film director , screenwriter , producer , actor , and film critic . He is widely regarded as one of the founders of the French New Wave . In a film career lasting over a quarter of a century , he remains an icon of the French film industry , having worked on over 25 films . Truffaut 's film The 400 Blows came to be a defining film of the French New Wave movement , and was followed by four sequels , Antoine et Colette , Stolen Kisses , Bed and Board , and Love on the Run , between 1958 and 1979 . Truffaut 's 1973 film Day for Night earned him critical acclaim and several accolades , including the BAFTA Award for Best Film and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . His other notable films include Shoot the Piano Player ( 1960 ) , Jules and Jim ( 1961 ) , The Soft Skin ( 1964 ) , The Wild Child ( 1970 ) , Two English Girls ( 1971 ) , The Last Metro ( 1980 ) , and The Woman Next Door ( 1981 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Jeanne Moreau , Oskar Werner , Henri Serre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau', 'summary': "Jeanne Moreau ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒan mɔʁo ] ; 23 January 1928 - 31 July 2017 ) was a French actress , singer , screenwriter and director . She won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for Seven Days . Seven Nights ( 1960 ) ( which she shared with Melina Mercouri for her role in Never on Sunday ) , the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress for Viva Maria ! ( 1965 ) , and the César Award for Best Actress for The Old Lady Who Walked in the Sea ( 1992 ) . She was also the recipient of several lifetime awards , including a BAFTA Fellowship in 1996 , Cannes Golden Palm in 2003 and César Award in 2008 . Moreau made her theatrical debut in 1947 , and established herself as one of the leading actresses of the Comédie-Française . She began playing small roles in films in 1949 , with impressive performances in the Fernandel vehicle Meurtres ? ( Three Sinners , 1950 ) and alongside Jean Gabin as a showgirl/gangster 's moll in the film Touchez pas au grisbi ( 1954 ) . She achieved prominence as the star of Elevator to the Gallows ( 1958 ) , directed by Louis Malle , and Jules et Jim ( 1962 ) , directed by François Truffaut . Most prolific during the 1960s , Moreau continued to appear in films into her 80s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oskar_Werner', 'summary': 'Oskar Werner ( 13 November 1922 - 23 October 1984 ) was an Austrian stage and cinema actor whose prominent roles include two 1965 films , The Spy Who Came in from the Cold and Ship of Fools . Other notable films include Decision Before Dawn ( 1951 ) , Jules and Jim ( 1962 ) , Fahrenheit 451 ( 1966 ) , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 1968 ) and Voyage of the Damned ( 1976 ) . Werner accepted both stage and film roles throughout his career . He won a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor , and had been nominated several times for the Golden Globe , the Academy Award as well as the BAFTA Award .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Henri_Serre', 'summary': "Henri Serre ( born 26 February 1931 ) is a French actor who is best known as Jim , a vivid , melancholy , and finally tragic figure in François Truffaut 's Jules and Jim . Other appearances include The Fire Within , Section spéciale and Mister Frost ."}]}, {'value': 'Drama , romance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Konga Yo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konga_Yo', 'summary': 'Konga Yo is a 1962 French adventure film directed by Yves Allégret . It was entered into the 1962 Cannes Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Yves Allégret', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yves_Allégret', 'summary': 'Yves Allégret ( 13 October 1905 - 31 January 1987 ) was a French film director , often working in the film noir genre . He was born in Asnières-sur-Seine , Hauts-de-Seine and died in Paris . He was an assistant to film directors such as his brother Marc Allégret , Augusto Genina , and Jean Renoir .'}]}, {'value': 'Nicole Courcel , Jean Lefebvre , Nicole Courcel , Roger Pigaut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicole_Courcel', 'summary': "Nicole Marie Jeanne Andrieu ( 21 October 1931 - 25 June 2016 ) , better known as Nicole Courcel , was a French actress who achieved popularity through the 1950s and 1960s , though she is mostly unknown outside of France . Born in Saint-Cloud , in the western suburbs of Paris , she appeared in 43 films between 1947 and 1979 . After working as an extra in a few films , she won a major role in Rendez-vous de juillet ( 1949 ) , with Brigitte Auber . In 1970 she turned to television , appearing in different television films and miniseries , in which she continued to work until 2004 . Courcel is best known for her role in Serge Bourguignon 's Sundays and Cybele ( 1962 ) . She had notable parts in : La Marie du port ( 1950 , opposite Jean Gabin ) , Sacha Guitry 's Royal Affairs in Versailles ( 1954 ) , and La Sorcière ( 1956 , opposite Marina Vlady ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jean_Lefebvre', 'summary': 'Jean Marcel Lefebvre ( October 3 , 1919 in Valenciennes , Nord , France [ note 1 ] - July 9 , 2004 in Marrakesh , Morocco ) was a French film actor . His erratic studies were interrupted by World War II . Taken prisoner and then requisitioned as a laborer , he escaped to join his family evacuated near Châteauroux and Neuvy-Saint-Sépulcre . He was a tram driver time in Limoges and seller of underwear . At the end of the war he returned to his home , in his house in Valenciennes , where he worked briefly for his father , and then entered the Conservatoire in Paris in 1948 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nicole_Courcel', 'summary': "Nicole Marie Jeanne Andrieu ( 21 October 1931 - 25 June 2016 ) , better known as Nicole Courcel , was a French actress who achieved popularity through the 1950s and 1960s , though she is mostly unknown outside of France . Born in Saint-Cloud , in the western suburbs of Paris , she appeared in 43 films between 1947 and 1979 . After working as an extra in a few films , she won a major role in Rendez-vous de juillet ( 1949 ) , with Brigitte Auber . In 1970 she turned to television , appearing in different television films and miniseries , in which she continued to work until 2004 . Courcel is best known for her role in Serge Bourguignon 's Sundays and Cybele ( 1962 ) . She had notable parts in : La Marie du port ( 1950 , opposite Jean Gabin ) , Sacha Guitry 's Royal Affairs in Versailles ( 1954 ) , and La Sorcière ( 1956 , opposite Marina Vlady ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roger_Pigaut', 'summary': 'Roger Pigaut ( birth name Roger Paul Louis Pigot ) ( 8 April 1919 - 24 December 1989 ) was a French actor and film director . He appeared in 40 films between 1943 and 1980 .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Jetée', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Jetée', 'summary': 'La Jetée ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ la ʒəte ] ) ( The Jetty , here referring to the publicly accessible top of an infrastructural pier or jetty at an airport ) is a 1962 French science fiction featurette directed by Chris Marker and associated with the Left Bank artistic movement . Constructed almost entirely from still photos , it tells the story of a post-nuclear war experiment in time travel . It is 28 minutes long and shot in black and white . It won the Prix Jean Vigo for short film . The 1995 science fiction film 12 Monkeys was inspired by and borrows several concepts directly from La Jetée , as does the 2015 12 Monkeys television series developed from the film .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Marker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Marker', 'summary': 'Chris Marker ( French : [ maʁkɛʁ ] ; 29 July 1921 - 29 July 2012 ) was a French writer , photographer , documentary film director , multimedia artist and film essayist . His best known films are La Jetée ( 1962 ) , A Grin Without a Cat ( 1977 ) and Sans Soleil ( 1983 ) . Marker is usually associated with the Left Bank subset of the French New Wave , that occurred in the late 1950s and 1960s , and included such other filmmakers as Alain Resnais , Agnès Varda and Jacques Demy . His friend and sometime collaborator Alain Resnais called him the prototype of the twenty-first-century man . Film theorist Roy Armes has said of him : Marker is unclassifiable because he is unique.The French Cinema has its dramatists and its poets , its technicians , and its autobiographers , but only has one true essayist : Chris Marker .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean Négroni , Jacques Ledoux , Hélène Chatelain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Négroni', 'summary': 'Jean Négroni ( 4 December 1920 - 28 May 2005 ) was a French actor and theatre director particularly known for his voice work , such as his role as the narrator in La Jetée ( 1962 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jacques_Ledoux', 'summary': 'Jacques Ledoux ( 1921 in Warsaw - 6 June 1988 in Brussels ) was a Belgian cinema specialist , curator of the Royal Film Archive of Belgium ( Cinémathèque royale de Belgique ) from 1948 to 1988 and the founder of the Cinema Museum in Brussels ( Musée du cinéma de Bruxelles ) in 1962 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hélène_Chatelain', 'summary': "Hélène Châtelain is a French actress who appeared as the woman in Chris Marker 's La Jetée ( 1962 ) , and later worked with playwright Armand Gatti and Iossif Pasternak . She also is a writer , translator , and filmmaker ( Goulag ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Avant-garde , science fiction', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La poupée', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_poupée_(film)', 'summary': 'La poupée is a 1962 French-Italian science fiction film directed by Jacques Baratier . It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Jacques Baratier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacques_Baratier', 'summary': 'Jacques Baratier ( 8 March 1918 - 27 November 2009 ) was a French film director and screenwriter . He directed 21 films . His film Goha won the Jury Prize at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival . His 1962 film La poupée was entered for the 12th Berlin International Film Festival . Goha was also shown as part of the Cannes Classics section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Zbigniew Cybulski , Sonne Teal , László Szabó', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zbigniew_Cybulski', 'summary': 'Zbigniew Hubert Cybulski ( Polish pronunciation : [ ˈzbiɡɲɛf tsɨˈbulskʲi ] ; 3 November 1927 - 8 January 1967 ) was a Polish actor , one of the best-known and most popular personalities of the post-World War II history of Poland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/László_Szabó_(actor)', 'summary': 'László Szabó ( born 24 March 1936 ) is a Hungarian actor , film director and screenwriter . He has appeared in more than 120 films since 1952 , including seven films that have been screened at the Cannes Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Science fiction', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Crime ne paie pas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Crime_ne_paie_pas', 'summary': 'Le Crime ne paie pas ( US title : Crime Does Not Pay , UK title : Gentle Art of Murder ) is a 1962 French drama portmanteau film directed and partly written by Gérard Oury . It consists of four separate episodes , each with its own cast and writers but sharing common themes of beautiful women , jealousy , revenge and death . From these dark tales centred on leading actresses , Oury switched to buddy comedies which remain among the most-loved and successful films in the history of French cinema . Louis de Funès , here playing a barman whose English is incomprehensible , starred in them , as did English male leads like David Niven and Terry-Thomas . The writing team of Pierre Boileau and Thomas Narcejac , behind the third episode , had provided the stories for two 1950s masterpieces , Les Diaboliques ( 1955 ) and Vertigo ( 1958 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Gérard Oury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gérard_Oury', 'summary': 'Gérard Oury ( born Max-Gérard Houry Tannenbaum ; 29 April 1919 - 20 July 2006 ) was a French film director , actor and writer .'}]}, {'value': 'Pierre Brasseur , Edwige Feuillère , Gabriele Ferzetti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Brasseur', 'summary': "Pierre Brasseur ( 22 December 1905 - 16 August 1972 ) , born Pierre-Albert Espinasse , was a French actor . The son of actors Georges Espinasse and Germaine Brasseur , while the latter was married to Albert Brasseur , his grandfather , Jules Brasseur , was an actor as well . The family tradition of using the name Brasseur was continued by his son Claude and his grandson Alexandre . Renowned for playing outsized characters , Brasseur is best remembered for his ( semi-fictionalised ) portrayal of the actor Frédérick Lemaître in Les Enfants du Paradis ( Children of Paradise , 1945 ) and as Docteur Génessier ( more subdued ) in the horror film Eyes Without a Face ( Les Yeux sans visage , 1960 ) co-starring Alida Valli . On 30 May 1927 , he performed the spoken role of the Narrator in the world premiere of Igor Stravinsky 's opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Edwige_Feuillère', 'summary': 'Edwige Feuillère ( 29 October 1907 - 13 November 1998 ) was a distinguished French stage and film actress . She was born Edwige Louise Caroline Cunatti to an Italian architect father and an Alsace-born mother . She was raised primarily in Dijon . In 1931 she married actor Pierre Feuillère , from whom she separated two years later ( 1933 ) , but kept his surname . They had no children . She acted from 1931 until 1995 . She died of natural causes , aged 91 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gabriele_Ferzetti', 'summary': "Gabriele Ferzetti ( born Pasquale Ferzetti ; 17 March 1925 - 2 December 2015 ) was an Italian actor with more than 160 credits across film , television , and stage . His career was at its peak in the 1950s and 1960s . Ferzetti 's first leading role was in the film Lo Zappatore ( 1950 ) . He portrayed Puccini twice in the films Puccini ( 1953 ) and Casa Ricordi ( 1954 ) . He made his international breakthrough in Michelangelo Antonioni 's once controversial L'Avventura ( 1960 ) as a restless playboy . After a series of romantic performances , he acquired a reputation in Italy as an elegant , debonair , and somewhat aristocratic looking leading man . Ferzetti starred as Lot in John Huston 's biblical epic , The Bible : In the Beginning . ( 1966 ) , and played railroad baron Morton in Sergio Leone 's Once Upon a Time in the West ( 1968 ) . Perhaps his best known role , internationally , was in the James Bond movie On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( 1969 ) as Marc Ange Draco , although his voice was dubbed by British actor David de Keyser . He was perhaps best known to non-mainstream audiences for his role as the psychiatrist , Hans , in Liliana Cavani 's The Night Porter ( 1974 ) . In the 1970s , he appeared in a significant number of crime films , often as an inspector . He appeared in Julia and Julia , opposite Laurence Olivier in Inchon ( 1982 ) , and the cult film , First Action Hero ."}]}, {'value': 'Crime , historical film', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Doulos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Doulos', 'summary': 'Le Doulos ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ lə dulos ] ) is a 1963 French crime film written and directed by Jean-Pierre Melville , adapted from the novel of the same name by Pierre Lesou . It was released theatrically as The Finger Man in the English-speaking world , but all video and DVD releases have used the French title . Intertitles at the beginning of the film explain that its title refers both to a kind of hat and to the slang term for a police informant .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean-Pierre Melville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Melville', 'summary': 'Jean-Pierre Melville ( French : [ mɛlvil ] ; born Jean-Pierre Grumbach ; 20 October 1917 - 2 August 1973 ) was a French filmmaker . While with the French Resistance during World War II , he adopted the nom de guerre Melville as a tribute to his favorite American author , Herman Melville . He kept it as his stage name once the war was over . Spiritual father of the French New Wave , he influenced the new generation of filmmakers in Asia ( John Woo , Ringo Lam , Johnnie To , Takeshi Kitano ) , in Europe ( Aki Kaurismäki , Rainer Werner Fassbinder ) , and in America ( Michael Mann , Walter Hill , Quentin Tarantino , William Friedkin , Jim Jarmusch ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Belmondo , Serge Reggiani , Monique Hennessy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo', 'summary': 'Jean-Paul Belmondo ( French : [ ʒɑ̃pɔl bɛlmɔ̃do ] ; born 9 April 1933 ) is a French actor initially associated with the New Wave of the 1960s and one of the biggest French film stars of the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s . His best known credits include Breathless ( 1960 ) and That Man from Rio ( 1964 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Serge_Reggiani', 'summary': "Serge Reggiani ( 2 May 1922 - 23 July 2004 ) was an Italian-French singer and actor . He was born in Reggio Emilia , Italy and moved to France with his parents at the age of eight . After studying acting at the Conservatoire des arts cinématographiques , he was discovered by Jean Cocteau and appeared in the wartime production of Les Parents terribles . He then left Paris to join the French Resistance . His first feature film was Les portes de la nuit ( Gates of the Night ) , released in 1946 . He went on to perform in 80 films in total , including Casque d'or , Les Misérables ( 1958 ) , Tutti a casa , Le Doulos , Il Gattopardo , La terrazza , The Pianist ( 1998 ) . Reggiani also triumphed in the theatre in 1959 with his performance in Jean-Paul Sartres play Les Séquestrés d'Altona . In 1961 , Reggiani co-starred with Paul Newman and Sidney Poitier in the film Paris Blues filmed on location in Paris . In 1965 , at the age of 43 , he began a second career as a singer , with the help of Simone Signoret and her husband Yves Montand , and later with the assistance of the French singer Barbara . Reggiani became one of the most acclaimed performers of French chanson and although he was in his 40s , his rugged image made him popular with both younger and older listeners . His best-known songs include Les loups sont entrés dans Paris ( The Wolves Have Entered Paris ) and Sarah ( La femme qui est dans mon lit ) ( The Woman Who Is In My Bed ) , the latter written by Georges Moustaki . He regularly sang songs by Boris Vian ( Le Déserteur , Arthur où t'as mis le corps , La Java des bombes atomiques ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Crime', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Masque de fer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Masque_de_fer', 'summary': 'Le Masque de fer is a French film directed by Henri Decoin , released in 1962 and inspired by the story of the Man in the Iron Mask , as well as the novels by Alexandre Dumas : The Three Musketeers and Le Vicomte de Bragelonne .'}]}, {'value': 'Henri Decoin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henri_Decoin', 'summary': 'Henri Decoin ( 18 March 1890 - 4 July 1969 ) was a French film director and screenwriter , who directed more than 50 films between 1933 and 1964 . He was also a swimmer who won the national title in 1911 and held the national record in the 500 m freestyle . He competed in the 400 m freestyle at the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the water polo tournament at the 1912 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean Marais , Jean-François Poron , Claudine Auger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Marais', 'summary': 'Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais ( French : [ ʒɑ̃ maʁɛ ] ; 11 December 1913 - 8 November 1998 ) , known professionally as Jean Marais , was a French actor , writer , director and sculptor . He performed in over 100 films and was the muse of acclaimed director Jean Cocteau . In 1996 , he was awarded the French Legion of Honor for his contributions to French Cinema .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Claudine_Auger', 'summary': 'Claudine Auger ( born Claudine Oger ; 26 April 1941 - 18 December 2019 ) was a French actress best known for her role as Bond girl , Dominique Domino Derval , in the James Bond film Thunderball ( 1965 ) . She earned the title of Miss France Monde ( the French representative of Miss World ) and was also the first runner-up in the 1958 Miss World contest .'}]}, {'value': 'Adventure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Septième juré', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Septième_juré', 'summary': "The Seventh Juror ( French : Le septième juré ) is a 1962 French crime drama directed by Georges Lautner , starring Bernard Blier , Maurice Biraud , Francis Blanche and Danièle Delorme . It tells the story of a man who murders a young woman ; when the woman 's boyfriend is wrongly accused of the murder , the actual killer is chosen to serve in the jury , but does not want an innocent man to be convicted . The film is based on the novel The Seventh Juror by Francis Didelot . Principal photography took place from 14 November to 23 December 1961 . The film had 1,171,911 admissions in France ."}]}, {'value': 'Georges Lautner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georges_Lautner', 'summary': "Georges Lautner ( French : [ lotnɛʁ ] ; 24 January 1926 - 22 November 2013 ) was a French film director and screenwriter , known primarily for his comedies created in collaboration with screenwriter Michel Audiard . Lautner 's ventures into other genres were less successful though the thriller Le Professionnel starring Jean-Paul Belmondo was a big commercial hit in France in 1981 . He was born in Nice , the son of actress Renée Saint-Cyr ."}]}, {'value': 'Bernard Blier , Danièle Delorme , Francis Blanche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernard_Blier', 'summary': 'Bernard Blier ( 11 January 1916 - 29 March 1989 ) was a French character actor . He was born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , where his father , a researcher at the Pasteur Institute , was posted at the time .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Danièle_Delorme', 'summary': 'Gabrielle Danièle Marguerite Andrée Girard ( 9 October 1926 - 17 October 2015 ) , known by her stage name Danièle Delorme , was a French actress and film producer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Francis_Blanche', 'summary': 'Francis-Jean Blanche , known as Francis Blanche ( 20 July 1921 - 6 July 1974 ) was a French actor , singer , humorist and author . He was a very popular figure on stage , radio and in films , during the 1950s and 1960s . His two daughters , Barbara & Dominique , are artists with their studios in Eze .'}]}, {'value': 'Crime', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Les Mystères de Paris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Les_Mystères_de_Paris_(1962_film)', 'summary': 'The Mysteries of Paris ( French : Les Mystères de Paris ) is a French-Italian film from 1962 , set in Paris . It was directed by André Hunebelle , written by Diego Fabbri and Pierre Foucaud , starring Jean Marais . The scenario was written on the basis of the novel Les Mystères de Paris . It has several precursors including The Mysteries of Paris ( 1912 ) , The Mysteries of Paris ( 1935 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'André Hunebelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/André_Hunebelle', 'summary': 'André Hunebelle was a French maître verrier ( master glassmaker ) and film director . He was born on 1 September 1896 in Meudon ( Hauts-de-Seine ) , and died on 27 November 1985 in Nice ( Alpes-Maritimes ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean Marais , Jill Haworth , Dany Robin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Marais', 'summary': 'Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais ( French : [ ʒɑ̃ maʁɛ ] ; 11 December 1913 - 8 November 1998 ) , known professionally as Jean Marais , was a French actor , writer , director and sculptor . He performed in over 100 films and was the muse of acclaimed director Jean Cocteau . In 1996 , he was awarded the French Legion of Honor for his contributions to French Cinema .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jill_Haworth', 'summary': 'Valerie Jill Haworth ( 15 August 1945 - 3 January 2011 ) was an English actress . She appeared in films throughout the 1960s , and started making guest appearances on television in 1963 . She originated the role of Sally Bowles in the musical Cabaret on Broadway in 1966 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dany_Robin', 'summary': 'Dany Robin ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ dani ʁɔbɛ̃ ] ; 14 April 1927 - 25 May 1995 ) was a French actress of the 1950s and the 1960s .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberté I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberté_I', 'summary': 'Liberté I is a 1962 French-Senegalese film directed by Yves Ciampi . It was entered into the 1962 Cannes Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Yves Ciampi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yves_Ciampi', 'summary': "Yves Ciampi ( French : [ sjɑ̃pi ] ; 9 February 1921 - 5 November 1982 ) was a French film director . He was married to Japanese actress Kishi Keiko from 1957 to 1975 . His 1965 film Heaven on One 's Head was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Golden Prize . In 1969 he was a member of the jury at the 6th Moscow International Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Maurice Ronet , Corinne Marchand , Assan Fail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maurice_Ronet', 'summary': 'Maurice Ronet ( 13 April 1927 - 14 March 1983 ) was a French film actor , director , and writer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Corinne_Marchand', 'summary': 'Corinne Marchand ( born 4 December 1931 in Paris ) is a French actress . She is best known for playing the pop singer Cléo in Cléo from 5 to 7 .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy-drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Senegal co-production', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Cinema ofFrance 1892–1909 1910s 1910 1911 1912 1913 19141915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920s 1920 1921 1922 1923 19241925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930s 1930 1931 1932 1933 19341935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940s 1940 1941 1942 1943 19441945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 20142015 2016 2017 2018 2019 vte A list of films produced in France in 1962 .', 'uid': 'List_of_French_films_of_1962_0', 'intro': 'A list of films produced in France in 1962.'} | null | null | What is the title of the film by the director born 13 April 1931 ? | Adorable Liar |
0b88614befe0a9d2 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_conference_realignments_(2000–present)', 'title': 'List of NCAA Division I conference realignments (2000–present)', 'header': ['School', 'Sport ( s )', 'Former Conference', 'New Conference'], 'data': [{'value': 'Abilene Christian Wildcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abilene_Christian_University', 'summary': 'Abilene Christian University ( ACU ) is a private Christian university in Abilene , Texas . It was founded in 1906 as Childers Classical Institute .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Abilene_Christian_Wildcats_football', 'summary': "The Abilene Christian Wildcats football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Abilene Christian University located in the U.S. state of Texas . The team is a member of the Southland Conference . The school 's first football team was fielded in 1919 . The team plays its home games at the on-campus Anthony Field at Wildcat Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Division I FCS independent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FCS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions in the United States whose football programs are not part of a football conference . This means that FCS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition as conference schools do . As of the next college football season of 2020 , three schools will play as FCS independents . Presbyterian will spend only the 2020 season as an independent . It began a transition to non-scholarship FCS football in 2017 and will play the final season of that transition as an FCS independent before joining the Pioneer Football League in 2021 . ( Presbyterian will remain a full but non-football Big South member . ) Also in 2020 , Dixie State and Tarleton State will move up from Division II , with both joining the non-football Western Athletic Conference . Both schools have announced they will play as FCS independents for the foreseeable future . The only school that had played as an FCS independent in the most recently completed 2019 season , North Dakota , will join the Missouri Valley Football Conference in July 2020 . The Fighting Hawks left the Big Sky Conference for the non-football Summit League in July 2018 , but agreed to honor existing contracts to play Big Sky members in football , and thus played a full Big Sky football schedule in both 2018 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Southland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southland_Conference', 'summary': "The Southland Conference , abbreviated to SLC , is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the South Central United States ( specifically Texas , Louisiana , and Arkansas ) . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I for all sports ; for football , it participates in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . The Southland sponsors 18 sports , 10 for women and eight for men , and is governed by a presidential Board of Directors and an Advisory Council of athletic and academic administrators . Tom Burnett was named the Southland 's sixth commissioner on Dec. 23 , 2002 . From 1996 to 2002 , for football only , the Southland Conference was known as the Southland Football League . The conference 's offices are located in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'Alabama Crimson Tide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Alabama', 'summary': "The University of Alabama ( Alabama or UA ) is a public research university in Tuscaloosa , Alabama . Established in 1820 , the University of Alabama is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama as well as the flagship of the University of Alabama System . The university offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor 's , master 's , education specialist , and doctoral degrees . The only publicly supported law school in the state is at UA . Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology , communication and information sciences , metallurgical engineering , music , Romance languages , and social work . As one of the first public universities established in the early 19th century southwestern frontier of the United States , the University of Alabama has left a cultural imprint on the state , region and nation over the past two centuries . The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement . The University of Alabama varsity football program ( nicknamed the Crimson Tide ) , which was inaugurated in 1892 , ranks as one of the ten most winningest programs in US history . In a 1913 speech then-president George H. Denny extolled the university as the capstone of the public school system in the state [ of Alabama ] , lending the university its current nickname , The Capstone . In addition , The University of Alabama has produced a total of 56 Goldwater Scholars , 15 Rhodes Scholars , 16 Truman Scholars , 33 Hollings Scholars and 11 Boren Scholars ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide', 'summary': "The Alabama Crimson Tide refers to the 21 men and women varsity teams that represent The University of Alabama . The Crimson Tide teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I as a member of the Southeastern Conference ( with the exception of rowing , which competes in the Big 12 Conference ) . The Spirit Squads compete in the UCA and UDA College National Championships . In 2002 , Sports Illustrated named Alabama the No . 26 best collegiate sports program in America . Athletics facilities on the campus include the 101,821-seat Bryant-Denny Stadium , named after football coach Paul Bear Bryant and former University President George Denny , 15,316-seat Coleman Coliseum , Foster Auditorium , Sewell-Thomas Stadium , the Alabama Soccer Stadium , the Sam Bailey Track Stadium , the Ol ' Colony Golf Complex , the Alabama Aquatic Center , and the Alabama Tennis Stadium ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's rowing", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C-USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conference_USA', 'summary': "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'Big 12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_12_Conference', 'summary': "The Big 12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving , Texas . The conference consists of ten full-member universities . It is a member of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) for all sports . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition . Its ten members , in the states of Iowa , Kansas , Oklahoma , Texas , and West Virginia , include eight public and two private , Christian schools . Additionally , the Big 12 has 11 affiliate members - eight for the sport of wrestling , one of which is also a member in women 's equestrianism ; one for women 's gymnastics ; and two for women 's rowing . The Big 12 Conference is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware . The Big 12 Conference was founded on February 25 , 1994 . The eight members of the former Big Eight Conference joined with Southwest Conference schools Texas , Texas A & M , Baylor , and Texas Tech to form the new Big 12 Conference , which commenced competition on August 31 , 1996 . The conference 's current 10-campus makeup resulted from the 2010-13 Big 12 Conference realignment , in which Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference , Colorado joined the Pac-12 , and Missouri and Texas A & M joined the Southeastern Conference . TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools , bringing the conference to its current strength . The Big 12 Conference , like others involved in the realignment , has kept its name primarily for marketing purposes ; the conference has high name recognition and remains one of the Power Five conferences which are considered the primary contenders to produce a College Football Playoff champion team in any given year ."}]}, {'value': 'Appalachian State Mountaineers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Appalachian_State_University', 'summary': "Appalachian State University /ˌæpəˈlætʃən/ ( Appalachian , App State , App , or ASU ) is a public university in Boone , North Carolina . It was founded as a teachers college in 1899 by brothers B.B . and D.D . Dougherty and D.D.s wife , Lillie Shull Dougherty . The university expanded to include other programs in 1967 and joined the University of North Carolina System in 1971 . The university is part of the University of North Carolina System and enrolls more than 19,000 students . It offers more than 150 bachelor 's degrees and 70 graduate degree programs , including two doctoral programs ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Appalachian_State_Mountaineers', 'summary': "The Appalachian State Mountaineers are the athletic teams that represent Appalachian State University in Boone , North Carolina , United States . The Mountaineers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and were a member of the Southern Conference ( SoCon ) between 1972 and 2014 . On July 1 , 2014 , Appalachian State moved to the Sun Belt Conference . Appalachian State fields varsity teams in 20 sports , 10 for men and 10 for women . The football team competes in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly I-A , as a result of the transition to the Sun Belt . The wrestling team remains in the Southern Conference because the Sun Belt does not sponsor the sport . In field hockey , another sport not sponsored by the Sun Belt , Appalachian State joined the Mid-American Conference for the 2017 season after playing two seasons as an independent following the demise of its former league , the Northern Pacific Field Hockey Conference ( NorPac ) . Appalachian State has Sun Belt rivalries with all of the East Division schools ( Coastal Carolina , Georgia Southern , Georgia State , Troy , and South Alabama ) . Appalachian State 's main Sun Belt rivals are Coastal Carolina and Georgia Southern . Appalachian 's football program has been successful with the Mountaineers winning three straight national championships in 2005 , 2006 , and 2007 . They are the only team in North Carolina , public or private , to win an NCAA national championship in football . The Mountaineers are the first FCS team to win three straight national championships since the creation of Division I-AA in 1978 , and are the first Division I program to win three consecutive national championships since Army accomplished the feat in 1944 , 1945 , and 1946 ."}]}, {'value': 'Full membership', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SoCon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southern Conference ( SoCon ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-AA ) . Member institutions are located in the states of Alabama , Georgia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee , and Virginia . Established in 1921 , the Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college athletic conference in the United States , and either the third- or fourth-oldest in continuous operation , depending on definitions . Among conferences currently in operation , the Big Ten ( 1896 ) and Missouri Valley ( 1907 ) are indisputably older . The Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959 , but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference , founded in 1915 , as its own . The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was founded in 1914 , but ceased operation in 1996 . The Big Eight Conference claimed the same history as the Missouri Valley from 1907 to 1928 during its existence ; though it essentially merged with four SWC members to form the Big 12 Conference in 1996 , the Big 12 does not claim the Big Eight 's legacy . The Ivy League was formally organized in 1954 with athletic competition starting in 1955 , but claims the history of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League , which competed from 1901 to 1955 , as its own . The SoCon was the first conference to use the three-point field goal in basketball in a November 29 , 1980 game at Western Carolina against Middle Tennessee State University ( MTSU ) , where Ronnie Carr shot the historic shot from 22 feet ( 6.7 m ) away and the Catamounts won 77-70 . The Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball . It has also garnered considerable national attention from its recent success in these sports : in particular , former member , three-time Division I NCAA Football champion Appalachian State Mountaineers , who stunned the fifth-ranked Michigan Wolverines 34-32 on September 1 , 2007 ; from the Davidson Wildcats , who reached the Elite Eight in the 2008 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament by upsetting power programs Gonzaga ( a mid-major school which became a power program in the 2000s ) , Georgetown , and Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Sun Belt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sun_Belt_Conference', 'summary': "The Sun Belt Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that has been affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I since 1976 . Originally a non-football conference , the Sun Belt began sponsoring football in 2001 . Its football teams participate in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) . The 12 member institutions of the Sun Belt are distributed primarily across the southern United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Arkansas State Red Wolves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_State_University', 'summary': "Arkansas State University ( A-State ) is a public research university in Jonesboro , Arkansas . It is the flagship campus of the Arkansas State University System and the second largest university in Arkansas by enrollment . It was founded in 1909 and is located atop 1,376 acres ( 5.6 km2 ) on Crowley 's Ridge ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_State_Red_Wolves', 'summary': "The Arkansas State Red Wolves are the athletic teams of Arkansas State University . They are a member of the Sun Belt Conference in all sports except women 's bowling , a sport not sponsored by that league , competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level . The bowling team competes in the single-sport Southland Bowling League ."}]}, {'value': 'Bowling', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southland Bowling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southland_Bowling_League', 'summary': "The Southland Bowling League ( SBL ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) bowling-only conference . The SBL was founded in 2015 for schools that sponsor women 's bowling teams , but do not have bowling sponsored by their primary conferences . The SBL champion has received an automatic bid to the NCAA Bowling Championship since the NCAA first awarded such bids in 2018 . While the conference operates independently , administrative services are provided by the Southland Conference . The SBL has received at least three bids to the NCAA Championship in each season since it began play in 2015 . Following the inaugural SBL Championship , four league teams ( Arkansas State , Sam Houston State , Stephen F. Austin , and Vanderbilt ) received at-large bids to the 2015 NCAA Championships , filling half of the eight available spots . The same four teams would receive at-large bids to the 2016 NCAA Bowling Championships and 2017 NCAA Bowling Championships . In 2018 , the first year for automatic bids to the NCAA Championship and also the first year for a 10-team championship event , Vanderbilt earned the automatic bid and Arkansas State and Sam Houston State received at-large bids . In 2019 , Sam Houston State earned the automatic bid , while Arkansas State , Stephen F. Austin , and Vanderbilt received at-large bids ."}]}, {'value': 'Bellarmine Knights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bellarmine_University', 'summary': "Bellarmine University ( BU ; /ˈbɛlərmɪn/ BEL-ər-min ) is a private Catholic university in Louisville , Kentucky . The liberal arts institution opened on October 3 , 1950 , as Bellarmine College , established by Archbishop John A. Floersh of the Archdiocese of Louisville and named after the Cardinal Saint Robert Bellarmine . In 2000 the Board of Trustees changed the name to Bellarmine University . The university is organized into seven colleges and schools and confers bachelor 's and master 's degrees in more than 50 academic majors , along with five doctoral degrees ; it is classified under the Carnegie system as a larger Master 's university . The university has an enrollment of over 3,900 students on its main 135-acre ( 0.55 km2 ) academic and residential campus in Louisville 's Belknap neighborhood . At its 2011 commencement , the school graduated 482 undergraduate and graduate students , contributing to a total of 780 graduates for the school year , up from 700 the previous year . Bellarmine offers a large number of extracurricular activities to its students , including athletics , honor societies , clubs and student organizations . Its athletic teams are known as the Knights . Bellarmine is a member of NCAA Division II and competes in the Great Lakes Valley Conference , except in men 's lacrosse , which competes at the Division I level in the Southern Conference . Bellarmine 's men 's basketball team won the 2011 NCAA Men 's Division II Basketball Tournament , the first athletic national championship in school history . Alumni and former students have gone on to prominent careers in government , business , science , medicine , education , sports , and entertainment ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bellarmine_Knights', 'summary': "The Bellarmine Knights are the athletic teams that represent Bellarmine University , located in Louisville , Kentucky , in NCAA intercollegiate sporting competitions . The majority of Bellarmine 's 22 athletic teams compete at the Division II level , although the men 's lacrosse program belongs to Division I . The Knights are members of the Great Lakes Valley Conference for most sports ; in the six GLVC sports in which the conference conducts divisional play ( baseball , men 's and women 's basketball , men 's and women 's tennis , and women 's volleyball ) , Bellarmine is part of the conference 's East Division . The Knights have separate memberships in two sports that are not sponsored by the GLVC . Men 's lacrosse competes in the Southern Conference ( SoCon ) , and field hockey plays in the Eastern College Athletic Conference . Bellarmine originally joined the GLVC in 1978 . On June 18 , 2019 , it was officially announced that the Belarmine Knights would join the Atlantic Sun Conference ( ASUN ) beginning in the 2020-21 season and begin the transition to NCAA Division I . The men 's lacrosse team will remain a SoCon member . The school 's other four sports that are not sponsored by the ASUN will have varied homes upon the Knights ' arrival in Division I . Men 's and women 's swimming and diving will join the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association , a league in which the ASUN is a partner . Field hockey and wrestling will become Division I independents ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's lacrosse", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ECAC Lacrosse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ECAC_Lacrosse_League', 'summary': "The ECAC Lacrosse League was an American NCAA Division I college athletic conference and part of the Eastern College Athletic Conference . Founded in 1999 with play beginning in 2000 , this part of the conference only sponsored men 's lacrosse . It disbanded at the end of the 2014 season as an indirect result of the early-2010s NCAA conference realignment ."}]}, {'value': 'SoCon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southern Conference ( SoCon ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-AA ) . Member institutions are located in the states of Alabama , Georgia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee , and Virginia . Established in 1921 , the Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college athletic conference in the United States , and either the third- or fourth-oldest in continuous operation , depending on definitions . Among conferences currently in operation , the Big Ten ( 1896 ) and Missouri Valley ( 1907 ) are indisputably older . The Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959 , but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference , founded in 1915 , as its own . The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was founded in 1914 , but ceased operation in 1996 . The Big Eight Conference claimed the same history as the Missouri Valley from 1907 to 1928 during its existence ; though it essentially merged with four SWC members to form the Big 12 Conference in 1996 , the Big 12 does not claim the Big Eight 's legacy . The Ivy League was formally organized in 1954 with athletic competition starting in 1955 , but claims the history of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League , which competed from 1901 to 1955 , as its own . The SoCon was the first conference to use the three-point field goal in basketball in a November 29 , 1980 game at Western Carolina against Middle Tennessee State University ( MTSU ) , where Ronnie Carr shot the historic shot from 22 feet ( 6.7 m ) away and the Catamounts won 77-70 . The Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball . It has also garnered considerable national attention from its recent success in these sports : in particular , former member , three-time Division I NCAA Football champion Appalachian State Mountaineers , who stunned the fifth-ranked Michigan Wolverines 34-32 on September 1 , 2007 ; from the Davidson Wildcats , who reached the Elite Eight in the 2008 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament by upsetting power programs Gonzaga ( a mid-major school which became a power program in the 2000s ) , Georgetown , and Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Belmont Bruins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belmont_University', 'summary': 'Belmont University is a private Christian university in Nashville , Tennessee . Although the university cut its ties with the Tennessee Baptist Convention in 2007 , it continues to emphasize a Christian identity .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Belmont_Bruins_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Belmont Bruins men 's soccer team represents Belmont University in NCAA Division I soccer . The Bruins currently play in the Southern Conference ( SoCon ) , having moved from the Horizon League in July 2018 . The Bruins play their home matches at the soccer stadium in the sports complex located at the city of Nashville 's E. S. Rose Park . A former Division II All-American and long-time collegiate assistant coach , Bryan Green has been the Bruins ' head coach since 2014 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's soccer", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_independent_schools_(soccer)', 'summary': 'In American college sports , NCAA Division I independent schools are four-year institutions that do not belong to a conference for a particular sport .'}]}, {'value': 'Horizon League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horizon_League', 'summary': "The Horizon League is a 10-school collegiate athletic conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I , whose members are located in and near the Midwestern United States . The Horizon League was founded in 1979 as the Midwestern City Conference . In 1985 , the conference changed its name to Midwestern Collegiate Conference and then the Horizon League in 2001 . The conference started with a membership of six teams and has fluctuated in size with 24 different schools as members at different times . Currently , the League has 10 members , following Valparaiso leaving to join the Missouri Valley Conference and IUPUI joining the league on July 1 , 2017 . The conference 's next membership change will occur on July 1 , 2020 with the arrival of Purdue University Fort Wayne ( PFW ) . The Horizon League does not sponsor football ."}]}, {'value': 'Binghamton Bearcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Binghamton_University', 'summary': "The State University of New York at Binghamton ( also known as Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton ) , is a public research university with campuses in Binghamton , Vestal , and Johnson City , New York . It is one of the four university centers in the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system . As of Fall 2018 , 17,768 undergraduate and graduate students attend the university . The Vestal campus is listed as a census-designated place , with a residential population of 6,177 as of the 2010 Census . Since its establishment in 1946 , the school has evolved from a small liberal arts college to a large research university that ranks among the top public universities in the United States . Greene 's Guides names Binghamton University as one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . The university is designated an R1 Doctoral University with very high research activity according to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . Binghamton 's athletic teams are the Bearcats and they compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Bearcats are members of the America East Conference ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Binghamton_Bearcats', 'summary': "The Binghamton Bearcats are the NCAA Division I athletics teams at Binghamton University located in Binghamton , New York . United States . They are one of four Division I programs in the SUNY system . A member of the America East Conference , Binghamton University , SUNY sponsors teams in eleven men 's and ten women 's NCAA sanctioned sports , men 's golf is an affiliate member of the Big Sky Conference , men 's tennis is an affiliate member of the Mid-American Conference , and the wrestling team is a member of the Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's golf", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'America Sky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Big Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Sky Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I , with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision . Member institutions are located in the western United States in the nine states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . Four affiliate members each participate in one sport . Two schools from California are football-only participants , and two schools from the Northeast participate only in men 's golf ."}]}, {'value': 'Binghamton Bearcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Binghamton_University', 'summary': "The State University of New York at Binghamton ( also known as Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton ) , is a public research university with campuses in Binghamton , Vestal , and Johnson City , New York . It is one of the four university centers in the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system . As of Fall 2018 , 17,768 undergraduate and graduate students attend the university . The Vestal campus is listed as a census-designated place , with a residential population of 6,177 as of the 2010 Census . Since its establishment in 1946 , the school has evolved from a small liberal arts college to a large research university that ranks among the top public universities in the United States . Greene 's Guides names Binghamton University as one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . The university is designated an R1 Doctoral University with very high research activity according to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . Binghamton 's athletic teams are the Bearcats and they compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Bearcats are members of the America East Conference ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Binghamton_Bearcats', 'summary': "The Binghamton Bearcats are the NCAA Division I athletics teams at Binghamton University located in Binghamton , New York . United States . They are one of four Division I programs in the SUNY system . A member of the America East Conference , Binghamton University , SUNY sponsors teams in eleven men 's and ten women 's NCAA sanctioned sports , men 's golf is an affiliate member of the Big Sky Conference , men 's tennis is an affiliate member of the Mid-American Conference , and the wrestling team is a member of the Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's tennis", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'America East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/America_East_Conference', 'summary': 'The America East Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA Division I , whose members are located mainly in the Northeastern United States , specifically New England . Its nine members include the public flagship universities of three states , and one private university .'}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston College Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_College', 'summary': "Boston College ( BC ) is a private Jesuit research university in the Chestnut Hill and Brighton neighborhoods of Boston , Massachusetts and the city of Newton , Massachusetts . It was founded in 1863 and although it is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity its name reflects its historical position as a small liberal arts college . The university has more than 9,300 full-time undergraduates and nearly 5,000 graduate students . It has historical ties to Boston College High School in Dorchester , as both the high school and the college were once on one campus in the South End of Boston . Its main campus is a historic district and features some of the earliest examples of collegiate gothic architecture in North America . Boston College offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , and doctoral degrees through its nine schools and colleges : Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences , Graduate School of Arts & Sciences , Carroll School of Management , Lynch School of Education and Human Development , Connell School of Nursing , Graduate School of Social Work , Boston College Law School , Boston College School of Theology and Ministry , Woods College of Advancing Studies . Boston College athletic teams are known as the Eagles , their colors are maroon and gold , and mascot is Baldwin the Eagle . The Eagles compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference in all sports offered by the ACC . The men 's and women 's ice hockey teams compete in Hockey East . Boston College 's men 's ice hockey team has won five national championships . As of January 2020 , alumni and affiliates of the university include governors , ambassadors , senators , House representatives , Hollywood actors , and professional athletes . Boston College has graduated several Rhodes , Fulbright , and Goldwater scholars ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles', 'summary': 'The Boston College Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Boston College , located in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) sub-level for football ) , primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IFA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Intercollegiate_Fencing_Association', 'summary': 'The Intercollegiate Fencing Association ( IFA ) is the oldest collegiate fencing conference in the United States . It is affiliated with the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) .'}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston University Terriers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_University', 'summary': "Boston University ( BU ) is a private research university in Boston , Massachusetts . The university is nonsectarian , but has been historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church . The university has more than 3,900 faculty members and nearly 33,000 students , and is one of Boston 's largest employers . It offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , doctorates , and medical , dental , business , and law degrees through 18 schools and colleges on two urban campuses . The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston 's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods , while the Boston University Medical Campus is located in Boston 's South End neighborhood . BU is categorized as an R1 : Doctoral University ( very high research activity ) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education and the Association of American Universities . The university is ranked 40th among undergraduate programs at national universities , and 46th among global universities by U.S. News & World Report in its 2020 rankings . Among its alumni and current or past faculty , the university counts eight Nobel Laureates , 23 Pulitzer Prize winners , 10 Rhodes Scholars , six Marshall Scholars , 48 Sloan Fellows , nine Academy Award winners , and several Emmy and Tony Award winners . BU also has MacArthur , Fulbright , Truman and Guggenheim Fellowship holders as well as American Academy of Arts and Sciences and National Academy of Sciences members among its past and present graduates and faculty . In 1876 , BU professor Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in a BU lab . The Boston University Terriers compete in the NCAA Division I. BU athletic teams compete in the Patriot League , and Hockey East conferences , and their mascot is Rhett the Boston Terrier ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers', 'summary': "The Boston University Terriers are the ten men 's and fourteen women 's varsity athletic teams representing Boston University in NCAA Division I competition . Boston University 's team nickname is the Terriers , and the official mascot is Rhett the Boston Terrier . The school colors are Scarlet and White . The mascot is named Rhett after Rhett Butler from Gone With the Wind , because no one loves Scarlet more than Rhett . The majority of BU 's teams compete as members of the Patriot League , with the ice hockey teams competing in Hockey East and rowing competing in the EARC ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EIWA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Intercollegiate_Wrestling_Association', 'summary': 'The Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association ( EIWA ) is an NCAA Division I collegiate wrestling conference . It held its first championship tournament in 1905 , making it the oldest wrestling conference in the NCAA ; the charter members were Columbia , Pennsylvania , Princeton , and Yale . Thirty-two different schools have been members of the EIWA during its history , all schools from the Eastern United States . Its current members are schools in the Northeast whose main conferences do not sponsor wrestling , including the Patriot League , America East Conference , Northeast Conference , and Colonial Athletic Association , as well as all of the Ivy League schools that sponsor wrestling . Franklin & Marshall is the only Division III school that competes in Division I wrestling .'}]}, {'value': 'Dropped wrestling', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_State_University,_San_Bernardino', 'summary': "California State University , San Bernardino ( Cal State San Bernardino or CSUSB ) is a public university in San Bernardino , California . It is one of the 23 general campuses of the California State University system . The main campus sits on 441 acres ( 178 ha ) in the University District of San Bernardino , with a branch campus of 40 acres ( 16 ha ) in Palm Desert , California , opened in 1986 . Founded in 1965 , Cal State San Bernardino 's Fall 2016 enrollment was 20,767 . In Fall of 2013 , it had 864 faculty , of which 362 ( or 42 percent ) were on the tenure track . The university offers Bachelor 's degrees in 138 programs , Master 's degrees in 67 programs , the Doctor of Education , and 23 teaching credentials . CSUSB 's sports teams are known as the Coyotes and play in the California Collegiate Athletic Association in the Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . The nickname was inspired by the coyotes that inhabit the area around the campus , which lies in the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains . The CSUSB women 's volleyball team has won thirteen CCAA titles , eight West Region titles and a national title . The men 's soccer team went to the NCAA Division II national semifinals , capturing the university 's first California Collegiate Athletic Association title ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cal_State_San_Bernardino_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes are the men 's and women 's intercollegiate athletic squads of California State University , San Bernardino . The athletic department was established in 1984 and the school 's athletic mascot is the Coyote . The school 's official colors are blue and black . The Coyotes play in the California Collegiate Athletic Association ( CCAA ) in the NCAA 's Division II ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's water polo", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WWPA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Water_Polo_Association', 'summary': "The Western Water Polo Association ( WWPA ) is a single sport intercollegiate college athletic conference sponsoring men 's and women 's water polo . The WWPA is affiliated with the NCAA , and includes 15 member institutions , mostly in California , with one institution each in Colorado , Illinois , and West Virginia and two in Erie , Pennsylvania . The league has eight teams in its men 's league and nine in its women 's league , with only Fresno Pacific and UC San Diego fielding teams for both sexes in the WWPA . The three easternmost schools , Gannon , Mercyhurst , and Salem , also field teams for both men and women , but only the women 's teams are in the WWPA , with the men 's teams instead playing in the Collegiate Water Polo Association . The WWPA members play a regular season of conference and non-conference games , followed by a championship tournament at the conclusion of both the mens and womens seasons , with the winner earning the leagues automatic bid to the NCAAs ."}]}, {'value': "Dropped women 's water polo", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charleston ( WV ) Golden Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Charleston', 'summary': 'The University of Charleston ( UC ) is a private university with its main campus in Charleston , West Virginia . The university also has locations in Beckley , West Virginia , and Martinsburg , West Virginia , known as UC-Beckley and UC-Martinsburg , respectively .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charleston_Golden_Eagles', 'summary': "The Charleston Golden Eagles are the athletic teams that represent the University of Charleston , located in Charleston , West Virginia , in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports . The Golden Eagles compete as members of the Mountain East Conference for all varsity sports except men 's volleyball . Charleston was a founding member of the Mountain East following the 2013 demise of the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference , of which Charleston had been a member since 1924 . Prior to 1978 , the university was called Morris Harvey College . Charleston 's main rivals are the West Virginia State University Yellow Jackets ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's volleyball", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Club team', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago State Cougars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_State_University', 'summary': 'Chicago State University ( CSU ) is a public university in Chicago , Illinois . It is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . CSU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission ( HLC ) . CSU extends in-state tuition to undergraduate students from all U.S. states . Founded in 1867 as the Cook County Normal School , it was an innovative teachers college . Eventually it was taken over by the Chicago Public Schools and became Chicago Teachers College ( CTC ) . Northeastern Illinois University began as a branch campus of CTC . In 1951 , the State of Illinois began funding the college , and took it over in 1965 , transforming it into a comprehensive state college . In 1967 , it became Chicago State University .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chicago_State_Cougars', 'summary': 'The Chicago State Cougars are the varsity athletic teams representing Chicago State University of Chicago , Illinois in intercollegiate athletics . The university currently sponsors fifteen varsity teams . The Cougars compete in NCAA Division I and are members of the Western Athletic Conference , joining that conference on July 1 , 2013 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's soccer", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'No team', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado College Tigers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_College', 'summary': "The Colorado College ( CC ) is a private liberal arts college in Colorado Springs , Colorado . It was founded in 1874 by Reverend Thomas Nelson Haskell in his daughter 's memory . The college enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduates at its 90-acre ( 36 ha ) campus , 70 miles ( 110 km ) south of Denver . The college offers 42 majors and 33 minors , and has a student-faculty ratio of 10:1 . Famous alumni include James Heckman , Ken Salazar , Lynne Cheney , Thomas Hornsby Ferril , Marc Webb , and Steve Sabol . Colorado College has an acceptance rate of 13.5% for the Class of 2023 , was ranked as the best private college in Colorado by Forbes , and was listed as tied for the 23rd-best National Liberal Arts College , and as the No . 1 Most Innovative Liberal Arts School , in the 2018 U.S. News & World Report rankings . In addition , Kiplinger 's Personal Finance ranked Colorado College 16th in its 2018 rating of best value liberal arts colleges in the U.S. Colorado College is affiliated with the Associated Colleges of the Midwest . Most sports teams are in the NCAA Division III , with the exception of Division I teams in men 's hockey and women 's soccer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado_College', 'summary': "The Colorado College ( CC ) is a private liberal arts college in Colorado Springs , Colorado . It was founded in 1874 by Reverend Thomas Nelson Haskell in his daughter 's memory . The college enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduates at its 90-acre ( 36 ha ) campus , 70 miles ( 110 km ) south of Denver . The college offers 42 majors and 33 minors , and has a student-faculty ratio of 10:1 . Famous alumni include James Heckman , Ken Salazar , Lynne Cheney , Thomas Hornsby Ferril , Marc Webb , and Steve Sabol . Colorado College has an acceptance rate of 13.5% for the Class of 2023 , was ranked as the best private college in Colorado by Forbes , and was listed as tied for the 23rd-best National Liberal Arts College , and as the No . 1 Most Innovative Liberal Arts School , in the 2018 U.S. News & World Report rankings . In addition , Kiplinger 's Personal Finance ranked Colorado College 16th in its 2018 rating of best value liberal arts colleges in the U.S. Colorado College is affiliated with the Associated Colleges of the Midwest . Most sports teams are in the NCAA Division III , with the exception of Division I teams in men 's hockey and women 's soccer ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's soccer", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C-USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conference_USA', 'summary': "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'Mountain West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference', 'summary': 'The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West .'}]}, {'value': 'Connecticut Huskies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Connecticut', 'summary': "The University of Connecticut ( UConn ) is a public land grant , National Sea Grant and National Space Grant research university in Storrs , Connecticut . It was founded in 1881 . The primary 4,400-acre ( 17.8 km2 ) campus is in Storrs , Connecticut , approximately a half hour 's drive from Hartford and 90 minutes from Boston . It is a flagship university that is ranked as tied for the best public national university in New England and is tied for 24th in top public schools and tied for 64th best national university in the 2020 U.S. News & World Report rankings . UConn has been ranked by Money Magazine and Princeton Review top 18th in value . The university is designated R-1 : Doctoral Universities - Highest Research Activity with the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education classifying the student body as More Selective , its most selective admissions category . The university has been recognized as a Public Ivy , defined as a select group of publicly funded universities considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . UConn is one of the founding institutions of the Hartford , Connecticut/Springfield , Massachusetts regional economic and cultural partnership alliance known as New England 's Knowledge Corridor . UConn was the second U.S. university invited into Universitas 21 , an elite international network of 24 research-intensive universities , who work together to foster global citizenship . UConn is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges . UConn was founded in 1881 as the Storrs Agricultural School , named after two brothers who donated the land for the school . In 1893 , the school became a land grant college ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Connecticut_Huskies_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The UConn Huskies men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of Connecticut . The Huskies are a member of Hockey East . They play at the XL Center in Hartford , Connecticut ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's ice hockey", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlantic Hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Hockey', 'summary': "The Atlantic Hockey Association ( AHA ) is an NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey conference which operates primarily in the northeastern United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I as an ice hockey-only conference . Unlike several other college athletic conferences , Atlantic Hockey has no women 's division , though it shares some organizational and administrative roles ( and three universities ) with the women's-only College Hockey America . It was formed in 1997 and began play in the 1998-1999 season as the hockey division of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) . Within three years , it was granted an automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament . However , in 2003 , Iona and Fairfield dropped hockey , leaving Canisius as the only full MAAC member that sponsored hockey . This proved somewhat problematic for MAAC Hockey , since conference bylaws only allowed full members to vote . On June 30 , 2003 , MAAC Hockey broke off from the MAAC and reorganized as Atlantic Hockey ."}]}, {'value': 'Hockey East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hockey_East', 'summary': "The Hockey East Association , also known as Hockey East , is a college ice hockey conference which operates entirely in New England . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I as a hockey-only conference . Hockey East came into existence in 1984 for men 's hockey when most of its current members split from what is today known as ECAC Hockey , after disagreements with the Ivy League members . The women 's league , the WHEA , began play in 2002 . On October 5 , 2011 , the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish ( an ACC member outside football ) announced they would be joining Hockey East as the conference 's first non-New England school in 2013 after the CCHA folded . On March 22 , 2016 , Notre Dame subsequently announced their men 's hockey team would leave Hockey East for the Big Ten Conference at the start of the 2017-2018 season . The University of Connecticut ( UConn ) and Hockey East jointly announced on June 21 , 2012 that UConn 's men 's team , then in Atlantic Hockey , would join the school 's women 's team in Hockey East in 2014 . On October 24 , 2013 , Merrimack College , already a member of the Hockey East men 's league , announced that it would upgrade its women 's team from club level to full varsity status effective in 2015 and join the Hockey East women 's league . On May 2 , 2017 , the College of the Holy Cross announced that it would join Hockey East for women 's hockey only starting in 2018-19 ."}]}, {'value': 'Davidson Wildcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davidson_College', 'summary': 'Davidson College is a private liberal arts college in Davidson , North Carolina . Davidson enrolls 1,843 students from 48 states and 47 countries . Of those students , 95 percent live on campus , 73 percent study abroad and about 25 percent participate in 21 NCAA Division I sports . The college has graduated 23 Rhodes Scholars . Students may choose from 29 majors and 40 minors , as well as other interdisciplinary studies . The college is governed by an honor code .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Davidson_Wildcats', 'summary': "The Davidson Wildcats are the NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics teams representing Davidson College of Davidson , North Carolina , United States . A member of the Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) , Davidson College sponsors teams in ten men 's and nine women 's NCAA sanctioned sports . The Wildcats previously competed in the Southern Conference , and the wrestling team retains associate membership in that league since the sport is not sponsored by the A-10 . The football team is a member of the Pioneer Football League , a Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) conference of schools that do not offer athletic scholarships for football ."}]}, {'value': 'Full membership', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SoCon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southern Conference ( SoCon ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-AA ) . Member institutions are located in the states of Alabama , Georgia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee , and Virginia . Established in 1921 , the Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college athletic conference in the United States , and either the third- or fourth-oldest in continuous operation , depending on definitions . Among conferences currently in operation , the Big Ten ( 1896 ) and Missouri Valley ( 1907 ) are indisputably older . The Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959 , but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference , founded in 1915 , as its own . The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was founded in 1914 , but ceased operation in 1996 . The Big Eight Conference claimed the same history as the Missouri Valley from 1907 to 1928 during its existence ; though it essentially merged with four SWC members to form the Big 12 Conference in 1996 , the Big 12 does not claim the Big Eight 's legacy . The Ivy League was formally organized in 1954 with athletic competition starting in 1955 , but claims the history of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League , which competed from 1901 to 1955 , as its own . The SoCon was the first conference to use the three-point field goal in basketball in a November 29 , 1980 game at Western Carolina against Middle Tennessee State University ( MTSU ) , where Ronnie Carr shot the historic shot from 22 feet ( 6.7 m ) away and the Catamounts won 77-70 . The Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball . It has also garnered considerable national attention from its recent success in these sports : in particular , former member , three-time Division I NCAA Football champion Appalachian State Mountaineers , who stunned the fifth-ranked Michigan Wolverines 34-32 on September 1 , 2007 ; from the Davidson Wildcats , who reached the Elite Eight in the 2008 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament by upsetting power programs Gonzaga ( a mid-major school which became a power program in the 2000s ) , Georgetown , and Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlantic 10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_10_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) Division I . The A-10 's member schools are located in states mostly on the United States Eastern Seaboard , as well as some in the Midwest - Massachusetts , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Virginia , Ohio , and Missouri as well as in the District of Columbia . Although some of its members are state-funded , half of its membership is made up of private , Catholic institutions . Despite the name , there are 14 full-time members , and two affiliate members that participate in women 's field hockey only . The current commissioner is Bernadette McGlade , who began her tenure in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Davidson Wildcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davidson_College', 'summary': 'Davidson College is a private liberal arts college in Davidson , North Carolina . Davidson enrolls 1,843 students from 48 states and 47 countries . Of those students , 95 percent live on campus , 73 percent study abroad and about 25 percent participate in 21 NCAA Division I sports . The college has graduated 23 Rhodes Scholars . Students may choose from 29 majors and 40 minors , as well as other interdisciplinary studies . The college is governed by an honor code .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Davidson_Wildcats', 'summary': "The Davidson Wildcats are the NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics teams representing Davidson College of Davidson , North Carolina , United States . A member of the Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) , Davidson College sponsors teams in ten men 's and nine women 's NCAA sanctioned sports . The Wildcats previously competed in the Southern Conference , and the wrestling team retains associate membership in that league since the sport is not sponsored by the A-10 . The football team is a member of the Pioneer Football League , a Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) conference of schools that do not offer athletic scholarships for football ."}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NorPac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Field_Hockey_Conference', 'summary': "The Northern Pacific Field Hockey Conference ( NorPac ) was an NCAA Division I conference that only sponsored womens field hockey . Founded in 1982 , it began as a California-based conference , but expanded over time to include schools across the United States . Over time , most of the NorPac 's eastern schools left the conference for various reasons . The conference played its last season in 2014 and formally disbanded at the end of the 2014-15 school year . The four founding members , all from California , became single-sport members of the America East Conference . The two remaining eastern schools , Appalachian State and Liberty , became Division I field hockey independents . Both would join conferences in the coming years ; Liberty became a single-sport member of the Big East Conference in 2016 , and Appalachian State became a single-sport member of the Mid-American Conference in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlantic 10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_10_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) Division I . The A-10 's member schools are located in states mostly on the United States Eastern Seaboard , as well as some in the Midwest - Massachusetts , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Virginia , Ohio , and Missouri as well as in the District of Columbia . Although some of its members are state-funded , half of its membership is made up of private , Catholic institutions . Despite the name , there are 14 full-time members , and two affiliate members that participate in women 's field hockey only . The current commissioner is Bernadette McGlade , who began her tenure in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Davidson Wildcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davidson_College', 'summary': 'Davidson College is a private liberal arts college in Davidson , North Carolina . Davidson enrolls 1,843 students from 48 states and 47 countries . Of those students , 95 percent live on campus , 73 percent study abroad and about 25 percent participate in 21 NCAA Division I sports . The college has graduated 23 Rhodes Scholars . Students may choose from 29 majors and 40 minors , as well as other interdisciplinary studies . The college is governed by an honor code .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Davidson_Wildcats', 'summary': "The Davidson Wildcats are the NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics teams representing Davidson College of Davidson , North Carolina , United States . A member of the Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) , Davidson College sponsors teams in ten men 's and nine women 's NCAA sanctioned sports . The Wildcats previously competed in the Southern Conference , and the wrestling team retains associate membership in that league since the sport is not sponsored by the A-10 . The football team is a member of the Pioneer Football League , a Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) conference of schools that do not offer athletic scholarships for football ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's and women 's swimming and diving", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CCSA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coastal_Collegiate_Sports_Association', 'summary': 'The Coastal Collegiate Sports Association is an NCAA Division I college athletic conference . Established in 2008 , the Coastal Collegiate Swimming Association ( CCSA ) was originally developed by four regional Division I conferences - the Atlantic Sun Conference , Big South Conference , Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference , and the Southern Conference - to create a centralized home for their members with swimming and diving programs . In October 2015 , the CCSA added the newly recognized NCAA sport of beach volleyball and rebranded itself the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association . The CCSA now has 24 member schools , representing 11 states ( Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Louisiana , Maryland , Mississippi , New Jersey , North Carolina , South Carolina , Texas , and Virginia ) and the District of Columbia .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlantic 10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_10_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) Division I . The A-10 's member schools are located in states mostly on the United States Eastern Seaboard , as well as some in the Midwest - Massachusetts , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Virginia , Ohio , and Missouri as well as in the District of Columbia . Although some of its members are state-funded , half of its membership is made up of private , Catholic institutions . Despite the name , there are 14 full-time members , and two affiliate members that participate in women 's field hockey only . The current commissioner is Bernadette McGlade , who began her tenure in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Davidson Wildcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davidson_College', 'summary': 'Davidson College is a private liberal arts college in Davidson , North Carolina . Davidson enrolls 1,843 students from 48 states and 47 countries . Of those students , 95 percent live on campus , 73 percent study abroad and about 25 percent participate in 21 NCAA Division I sports . The college has graduated 23 Rhodes Scholars . Students may choose from 29 majors and 40 minors , as well as other interdisciplinary studies . The college is governed by an honor code .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Davidson_Wildcats', 'summary': "The Davidson Wildcats are the NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics teams representing Davidson College of Davidson , North Carolina , United States . A member of the Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) , Davidson College sponsors teams in ten men 's and nine women 's NCAA sanctioned sports . The Wildcats previously competed in the Southern Conference , and the wrestling team retains associate membership in that league since the sport is not sponsored by the A-10 . The football team is a member of the Pioneer Football League , a Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) conference of schools that do not offer athletic scholarships for football ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's lacrosse", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Big South', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_South_Conference', 'summary': "The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I . Originally a non-football conference , the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 . Its football teams are part of the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . The Big South , founded in 1983 , is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States , with full member institutions located in North Carolina , South Carolina , and Virginia . Associate members are located in Alabama , Georgia , and New Jersey ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlantic 10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_10_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) Division I . The A-10 's member schools are located in states mostly on the United States Eastern Seaboard , as well as some in the Midwest - Massachusetts , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Virginia , Ohio , and Missouri as well as in the District of Columbia . Although some of its members are state-funded , half of its membership is made up of private , Catholic institutions . Despite the name , there are 14 full-time members , and two affiliate members that participate in women 's field hockey only . The current commissioner is Bernadette McGlade , who began her tenure in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Duke Blue Devils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_University', 'summary': "Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils', 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Duke University , located in Durham , North Carolina . Duke 's athletics department features 27 varsity teams that all compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level . The name comes from the French les Diables Bleus or the Blue Devils , which was the nickname given during World War I to the Chasseurs Alpins , the French Alpine light infantry battalion . Duke joined the Southern Conference in 1929 , and left in 1953 to become a founder of the Atlantic Coast Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}], 'section_title': 'History -- 2014–2015', 'section_text': 'Main article : 2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment', 'uid': 'NCAA_Division_I_conference_realignment_6', 'intro': 'N/A'} | null | null | In which city is this public research university , founded in 1909 , located that participates in this conference established in 2015 for schools that sponsor women 's bowling teams ? | Jonesboro , Arkansas |
0b8909b67b991a80 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French-language_films', 'title': 'List of French-language films', 'header': ['Year', 'French title', 'English title', 'Directed by'], 'data': [{'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Copie conforme', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Certified_Copy_(film)', 'summary': 'Certified Copy ( French : Copie conforme , Italian : Copia conforme ) is a 2010 art film by Iranian writer and director Abbas Kiarostami , starring Juliette Binoche and the British opera singer William Shimell , in his first film role . The film is set in Tuscany , and focuses on a British writer and a French antiques dealer , whose relationship undergoes an odd transformation over the course of a day . The film was a French-majority production , with co-producers in Italy and Belgium . The dialogue is in French , English and Italian . The film premiered at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival , where Binoche won the Best Actress Award for her performance .'}]}, {'value': 'Certified Copy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Certified_Copy_(film)', 'summary': 'Certified Copy ( French : Copie conforme , Italian : Copia conforme ) is a 2010 art film by Iranian writer and director Abbas Kiarostami , starring Juliette Binoche and the British opera singer William Shimell , in his first film role . The film is set in Tuscany , and focuses on a British writer and a French antiques dealer , whose relationship undergoes an odd transformation over the course of a day . The film was a French-majority production , with co-producers in Italy and Belgium . The dialogue is in French , English and Italian . The film premiered at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival , where Binoche won the Best Actress Award for her performance .'}]}, {'value': 'Abbas Kiarostami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami', 'summary': "Abbas Kiarostami ( Persian : عباس کیارستمی [ ʔæbˌbɒːs kijɒːɾostæˈmi ] ( listen ) ; 22 June 1940 - 4 July 2016 ) was an Iranian film director , screenwriter , poet , photographer , and film producer . An active film-maker from 1970 , Kiarostami had been involved in the production of over forty films , including shorts and documentaries . Kiarostami attained critical acclaim for directing the Koker trilogy ( 1987-1994 ) , Close-Up ( 1990 ) , The Wind Will Carry Us ( 1999 ) , and Taste of Cherry ( 1997 ) , which was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival that year . In later works , Certified Copy ( 2010 ) and Like Someone in Love ( 2012 ) , he filmed for the first time outside Iran : in Italy and Japan , respectively . His films Where Is the Friends Home ? , Close-Up , and The Wind Will Carry Us were ranked among the 100 best foreign films in a 2018 critics ' poll by BBC Culture . Close-Up was also ranked one of the 50 greatest movies of all time in the famous decennial Sight & Sound poll conducted in 2012 . Kiarostami had worked extensively as a screenwriter , film editor , art director and producer and had designed credit titles and publicity material . He was also a poet , photographer , painter , illustrator , and graphic designer . He was part of a generation of filmmakers in the Iranian New Wave , a Persian cinema movement that started in the late 1960s and includes pioneering directors such as Bahram Beyzai , Nasser Taghvai , Ali Hatami , Masoud Kimiai , Dariush Mehrjui , Sohrab Shahid-Saless and Parviz Kimiavi . These filmmakers share many common techniques including the use of poetic dialogue and allegorical storytelling dealing with political and philosophical issues . Kiarostami had a reputation for using child protagonists , for documentary-style narrative films , for stories that take place in rural villages , and for conversations that unfold inside cars , using stationary mounted cameras . He is also known for his use of Persian poetry in the dialogue , titles , and themes of his films ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Incendies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Incendies', 'summary': "Incendies ( French : [ ɛ̃.sɑ̃.di ] , Fires ) is a 2010 Canadian war film directed by Denis Villeneuve , who co-wrote the screenplay with Valérie Beaugrand-Champagne . Adapted from Wajdi Mouawad 's play of the same name , Incendies stars Lubna Azabal , Mélissa Désormeaux-Poulin , Maxim Gaudette , and Rémy Girard . The story concerns Canadian twins who travel to their mother 's native country in the Middle East to uncover her hidden past amidst a bloody civil war . While the country is unnamed , the events in the film are heavily influenced by the Lebanese Civil War and particularly the story of prisoner Souha Bechara . The film was shot mainly in Montreal , with a few days spent in Jordan . It premiered at the Venice and Toronto Film Festivals in September 2010 and was released in Quebec on 17 September 2010 . It met with critical acclaim in Canada and abroad and won numerous awards . In 2011 , it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Incendies also won eight Genie Awards , including Best Motion Picture ."}]}, {'value': 'Incendies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Incendies', 'summary': "Incendies ( French : [ ɛ̃.sɑ̃.di ] , Fires ) is a 2010 Canadian war film directed by Denis Villeneuve , who co-wrote the screenplay with Valérie Beaugrand-Champagne . Adapted from Wajdi Mouawad 's play of the same name , Incendies stars Lubna Azabal , Mélissa Désormeaux-Poulin , Maxim Gaudette , and Rémy Girard . The story concerns Canadian twins who travel to their mother 's native country in the Middle East to uncover her hidden past amidst a bloody civil war . While the country is unnamed , the events in the film are heavily influenced by the Lebanese Civil War and particularly the story of prisoner Souha Bechara . The film was shot mainly in Montreal , with a few days spent in Jordan . It premiered at the Venice and Toronto Film Festivals in September 2010 and was released in Quebec on 17 September 2010 . It met with critical acclaim in Canada and abroad and won numerous awards . In 2011 , it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Incendies also won eight Genie Awards , including Best Motion Picture ."}]}, {'value': 'Denis Villeneuve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denis_Villeneuve', 'summary': 'Denis Villeneuve OC CQ ( French : [ dəni vilnœv ] ; born October 3 , 1967 ) is a French Canadian film director , writer , and producer . He is a four-time recipient of the Canadian Screen Award ( formerly Genie Award ) for Best Direction , for Maelström in 2001 , Polytechnique in 2009 , Incendies in 2011 and Enemy in 2014 . The first three of these films also won the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television Award for Best Motion Picture , while the latter was awarded the prize for best Canadian film of the year by the Toronto Film Critics Association . Internationally , he is known for directing several critically acclaimed films , such as the thriller films Prisoners ( 2013 ) and Sicario ( 2015 ) , as well as the science fiction films Arrival ( 2016 ) and Blade Runner 2049 ( 2017 ) . For his work on Arrival , he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Director . He was awarded the prize of Filmmaker of the Decade by the Hollywood Critics Association in December 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Elle s'appelait Sarah", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Elle_s'appelait_Sarah", 'summary': "Sarah 's Key ( French : Elle s'appelait Sarah ) is a 2010 French drama directed and co-written by Gilles Paquet-Brenner . The film is an adaptation of the novel with the same title by Tatiana de Rosnay . The film alternates between Sarah ( Mélusine Mayance ) in 1942 and Julia ( Kristin Scott Thomas ) in 2002 who is researching Sarah 's story . It tells the story of a young girl 's experiences during and after the Vel ' d'Hiv Roundup of Jews in German-occupied Paris in 1942 and the participation of bureaucracy in Vichy France and French citizens hiding and protecting Sarah from the French authorities ."}]}, {'value': "Sarah 's Key", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Sarah's_Key", 'summary': "Sarah 's Key ( French : Elle s'appelait Sarah ) is a 2010 French drama directed and co-written by Gilles Paquet-Brenner . The film is an adaptation of the novel with the same title by Tatiana de Rosnay . The film alternates between Sarah ( Mélusine Mayance ) in 1942 and Julia ( Kristin Scott Thomas ) in 2002 who is researching Sarah 's story . It tells the story of a young girl 's experiences during and after the Vel ' d'Hiv Roundup of Jews in German-occupied Paris in 1942 and the participation of bureaucracy in Vichy France and French citizens hiding and protecting Sarah from the French authorities ."}]}, {'value': 'Gilles Paquet-Brenner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gilles_Paquet-Brenner', 'summary': "Gilles Paquet-Brenner ( born 14 September 1974 ) is a French director and screenwriter . He is the son of the opera singer Ève Brenner . Paquet-Brenner 's first feature film in 2001 , Pretty Things , won an award at the Deauville American Film Festival . In 2009 , Paquet-Brenner directed the low-budget and direct-to-DVD but generally positively received film , Walled In ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Polisse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polisse', 'summary': "Polisse ( released at some film festivals as Poliss , French pronunciation : \u200b [ pɔˈlis ] ) is a 2011 French drama film written , directed by and starring Maïwenn . It also stars Joeystarr , Karin Viard , Marina Foïs , Nicolas Duvauchelle , Emmanuelle Bercot and Riccardo Scamarcio . The film centres on the Child Protection Unit ( Brigade de Protection des Mineurs ) of the Paris Police , and a photographer who is assigned to cover the unit . The title is derived from Maïwenn 's son 's misspelling of the word police . The film won the Jury Prize at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and in 2012 , was nominated for thirteen César Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Poliss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polisse', 'summary': "Polisse ( released at some film festivals as Poliss , French pronunciation : \u200b [ pɔˈlis ] ) is a 2011 French drama film written , directed by and starring Maïwenn . It also stars Joeystarr , Karin Viard , Marina Foïs , Nicolas Duvauchelle , Emmanuelle Bercot and Riccardo Scamarcio . The film centres on the Child Protection Unit ( Brigade de Protection des Mineurs ) of the Paris Police , and a photographer who is assigned to cover the unit . The title is derived from Maïwenn 's son 's misspelling of the word police . The film won the Jury Prize at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and in 2012 , was nominated for thirteen César Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Maïwenn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maïwenn', 'summary': 'Maïwenn ( sometimes credited as Maïwenn Besco or her birth name Maïwenn Le Besco , French : [ majwɛn lə bɛsko ] ; born 17 April 1976 ) is a French actress , film director and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intouchables', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Intouchables', 'summary': 'The Intouchables ( French : Intouchables , pronounced [ ɛ̃tuʃabl ] ) , also known as Untouchable ( UK ) , is a 2011 French buddy comedy-drama film directed by Olivier Nakache & Éric Toledano . It stars François Cluzet and Omar Sy . Nine weeks after its release in France on 2 November 2011 , it became the second biggest box office hit in France , just behind the 2008 film Welcome to the Sticks . The film was voted the cultural event of 2011 in France with 52% of votes in a poll by Fnac . It also became the most viewed French film in the world with 51.5 million tickets up to 2014 and the success of Lucy . The film has received several award nominations . In France , the film won the César Award for Best Actor for Omar Sy , and garnered seven further nominations for the César Awards , including the César Award for Best Film .'}]}, {'value': 'Untouchable', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Intouchables', 'summary': 'The Intouchables ( French : Intouchables , pronounced [ ɛ̃tuʃabl ] ) , also known as Untouchable ( UK ) , is a 2011 French buddy comedy-drama film directed by Olivier Nakache & Éric Toledano . It stars François Cluzet and Omar Sy . Nine weeks after its release in France on 2 November 2011 , it became the second biggest box office hit in France , just behind the 2008 film Welcome to the Sticks . The film was voted the cultural event of 2011 in France with 52% of votes in a poll by Fnac . It also became the most viewed French film in the world with 51.5 million tickets up to 2014 and the success of Lucy . The film has received several award nominations . In France , the film won the César Award for Best Actor for Omar Sy , and garnered seven further nominations for the César Awards , including the César Award for Best Film .'}]}, {'value': 'Eric Toledano , Olivier Nakache', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monsieur Lazhar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monsieur_Lazhar', 'summary': 'Monsieur Lazhar is a 2011 Canadian French-language drama film directed by Philippe Falardeau and starring Mohamed Saïd Fellag , Sophie Nélisse and Danielle Proulx . Based on Bashir Lazhar , a one-character play by Évelyne de la Chenelière , it tells the story of an Algerian refugee in Montreal who steps in to teach at an elementary school after the former full-time teacher commits suicide . Falardeau opted to film the story for the Canadian company micro_scope , despite the challenges of adapting a play with only one character . De la Cheneliere advised Falardeau and recommended casting Algerian comedian Fellag . It was filmed in Montreal . After premiering at the Locarno International Film Festival , where it won the Audience Award and the Variety Piazza Grande Award , it received critical acclaim . The film was subsequently nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , and also won six Genie Awards , including Best Motion Picture .'}]}, {'value': 'Monsieur Lazhar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monsieur_Lazhar', 'summary': 'Monsieur Lazhar is a 2011 Canadian French-language drama film directed by Philippe Falardeau and starring Mohamed Saïd Fellag , Sophie Nélisse and Danielle Proulx . Based on Bashir Lazhar , a one-character play by Évelyne de la Chenelière , it tells the story of an Algerian refugee in Montreal who steps in to teach at an elementary school after the former full-time teacher commits suicide . Falardeau opted to film the story for the Canadian company micro_scope , despite the challenges of adapting a play with only one character . De la Cheneliere advised Falardeau and recommended casting Algerian comedian Fellag . It was filmed in Montreal . After premiering at the Locarno International Film Festival , where it won the Audience Award and the Variety Piazza Grande Award , it received critical acclaim . The film was subsequently nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , and also won six Genie Awards , including Best Motion Picture .'}]}, {'value': 'Philippe Falardeau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippe_Falardeau', 'summary': 'Philippe Falardeau ( born February 1 , 1968 in Hull , Quebec ) is a French-Canadian film director and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amour_(2012_film)', 'summary': "Amour ( pronounced [ a.muʁ ] ; French : Love ) is a 2012 French-language romantic tragedy film written and directed by the Austrian filmmaker Michael Haneke , starring Jean-Louis Trintignant , Emmanuelle Riva and Isabelle Huppert . The narrative focuses on an elderly couple , Anne and Georges , who are retired music teachers with a daughter who lives abroad . Anne suffers a stroke that paralyses the right side of her body . The film is a co-production among the French , German , and Austrian companies Les Films du Losange , X-Filme Creative Pool , and Wega Film . Amour was screened at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival , where it won the Palme d'Or . It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 85th Academy Awards and was nominated in four other categories : Best Picture , Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Emmanuelle Riva ) , Best Original Screenplay ( Michael Haneke ) and Best Director ( Michael Haneke ) . At 85 , Riva is the oldest nominee for Best Actress in a Leading Role . At the 25th European Film Awards , Amour was nominated in six categories , winning in four , including Best Film and Best Director . At the 47th National Society of Film Critics Awards it won Best Film , Best Director and Best Actress . At the 66th British Academy Film Awards it was nominated in four categories , winning for Best Leading Actress and Best Film Not in the English Language . Riva became the oldest person to win a BAFTA . At the 38th César Awards it was nominated in ten categories , winning in five , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Actress ."}]}, {'value': 'Amour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amour_(2012_film)', 'summary': "Amour ( pronounced [ a.muʁ ] ; French : Love ) is a 2012 French-language romantic tragedy film written and directed by the Austrian filmmaker Michael Haneke , starring Jean-Louis Trintignant , Emmanuelle Riva and Isabelle Huppert . The narrative focuses on an elderly couple , Anne and Georges , who are retired music teachers with a daughter who lives abroad . Anne suffers a stroke that paralyses the right side of her body . The film is a co-production among the French , German , and Austrian companies Les Films du Losange , X-Filme Creative Pool , and Wega Film . Amour was screened at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival , where it won the Palme d'Or . It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 85th Academy Awards and was nominated in four other categories : Best Picture , Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Emmanuelle Riva ) , Best Original Screenplay ( Michael Haneke ) and Best Director ( Michael Haneke ) . At 85 , Riva is the oldest nominee for Best Actress in a Leading Role . At the 25th European Film Awards , Amour was nominated in six categories , winning in four , including Best Film and Best Director . At the 47th National Society of Film Critics Awards it won Best Film , Best Director and Best Actress . At the 66th British Academy Film Awards it was nominated in four categories , winning for Best Leading Actress and Best Film Not in the English Language . Riva became the oldest person to win a BAFTA . At the 38th César Awards it was nominated in ten categories , winning in five , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Actress ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Haneke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Haneke', 'summary': "Michael Haneke ( German : [ ˈhaːnəkə ] ; born 23 March 1942 ) is an Austrian film director and screenwriter . His work often examines social issues and depicts the feelings of estrangement experienced by individuals in modern society . Haneke has made films in French , German , and English and has worked in television‚ theatre , and cinema . He also teaches film direction at the Film Academy Vienna . His directorial debut , The Seventh Continent , won the Bronze Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival in 1989 . He later won the Grand Prix at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival for The Piano Teacher and the Best Director Award for Caché at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . He subsequently directed the 2007 remake of his controversial 1997 film Funny Games . At the 2009 Cannes Film Festival , his film The White Ribbon won the Palme d'Or , and at the 67th Golden Globe Awards the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film . In 2012 , his film Amour premiered and competed at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival . The film would go on to win the Palme d'Or , making it his second win of the prestigious award in three years ; this made him the seventh director ( at the time ) to have won it twice and the only Austrian director to have accomplished this . The film received five Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Actress in a Leading Role for Emmanuelle Riva ; it won in the category of Best Foreign Language Film . In 2013 , Haneke won the Prince of Asturias Award for the arts ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Prénom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Prénom', 'summary': "What 's in a Name ? ( original title : Le Prénom , literally The Name ) is a French-Belgian comedy film , written and directed by Alexandre de La Patellière and Matthieu Delaporte and released in 2012 . It is adapted from the play Le Prénom by the same authors . The film was a box office success in France , selling 3,340,231 tickets ."}]}, {'value': "What 's in a Name ?", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/What's_in_a_Name?_(2012_film)", 'summary': "What 's in a Name ? ( original title : Le Prénom , literally The Name ) is a French-Belgian comedy film , written and directed by Alexandre de La Patellière and Matthieu Delaporte and released in 2012 . It is adapted from the play Le Prénom by the same authors . The film was a box office success in France , selling 3,340,231 tickets ."}]}, {'value': 'Alexandre de La Patellière Matthieu Delaporte', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ce que le jour doit à la nuit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ce_que_le_jour_doit_à_la_nuit', 'summary': 'What the Day Owes the Night ( French : Ce que le jour doit à la nuit ) is a 2012 French romantic drama film based on the novel of the same name by Yasmina Khadra . It was directed and produced by Alexandre Arcady , who also wrote the screenplay with Blandine Stintzy and Daniel Saint-Hamont .'}]}, {'value': 'What the Day Owes the Night', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/What_the_Day_Owes_the_Night_(film)', 'summary': 'What the Day Owes the Night ( French : Ce que le jour doit à la nuit ) is a 2012 French romantic drama film based on the novel of the same name by Yasmina Khadra . It was directed and produced by Alexandre Arcady , who also wrote the screenplay with Blandine Stintzy and Daniel Saint-Hamont .'}]}, {'value': 'Alexandre Arcady', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexandre_Arcady', 'summary': 'Alexandre Arcady ( born March 17 , 1947 ) is a French actor , film director , producer and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': "BoOzy ' OS et la Gemme de Cristal", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/BoOzy'_OS_et_la_Gemme_de_Cristal", 'summary': "BoOzy ' OS and the Cristal Gem ( also known as The Cristal Gem ) ( French : BoOzy ' OS et la Gemme de Cristal , also known as La Gemme de Cristal ) is a 2013 French animation short film based on the French animated television series BoOzy ' OS , and directed , written , scored by and starring its creator Julien K. d'Arsyn , going by the name of Ken Arsyn . It was produced by CreaSyn Studio and Red 3ye Productions . The film was first released at Annecy International Animated Film Festival on April 14 , 2013 . It was presented during the Dailymotion , Cartoon Network Studios and Annecy international event + de courts ! Online animation film contest by Annecy , and arrived first . The film title refers to the Annecy award internationally named Cristal d'Annecy ."}]}, {'value': "BoOzy ' OS and the Cristal Gem", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/BoOzy'_OS_and_the_Cristal_Gem", 'summary': "BoOzy ' OS and the Cristal Gem ( also known as The Cristal Gem ) ( French : BoOzy ' OS et la Gemme de Cristal , also known as La Gemme de Cristal ) is a 2013 French animation short film based on the French animated television series BoOzy ' OS , and directed , written , scored by and starring its creator Julien K. d'Arsyn , going by the name of Ken Arsyn . It was produced by CreaSyn Studio and Red 3ye Productions . The film was first released at Annecy International Animated Film Festival on April 14 , 2013 . It was presented during the Dailymotion , Cartoon Network Studios and Annecy international event + de courts ! Online animation film contest by Annecy , and arrived first . The film title refers to the Annecy award internationally named Cristal d'Annecy ."}]}, {'value': 'Julien Rocca-Darcin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': "La Vie d'Adèle - Chapitres 1 & 2", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/La_Vie_d'Adèle_–_Chapitres_1_&_2", 'summary': "Blue Is the Warmest Colour ( French : La Vie d'Adèle - Chapitres 1 & 2 ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ la vi d‿adɛl ʃa.pitʁ œ̃‿ne dø ] ) is a 2013 French romance film co-written , co-produced , and directed by Abdellatif Kechiche , and starring Léa Seydoux and Adèle Exarchopoulos . The film follows Adèle ( Exarchopoulos ) , a French teenager who discovers desire and freedom as an aspiring female painter Emma ( Seydoux ) enters her life . The film charts their relationship from Adèle 's high school years to her early adult life and career as a school teacher . The premise of Blue Is the Warmest Colour is based on the 2010 graphic novel of the same name by Julie Maroh . Production began in March 2012 and lasted six months . Approximately 800 hours of footage was shot , including extensive B-roll footage , with Kechiche ultimately trimming the final cut of the film down to 179 minutes . The film generated controversy upon its premiere at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and before its release . Much of the controversy was about claims of poor working conditions on set by the crew and the lead actresses , and also the film 's raw depiction of sexuality . At the 2013 Cannes Film Festival , the film unanimously won the Palme d'Or from the official jury and the FIPRESCI Prize . It is the first film to have the Palme d'Or awarded to both the director and the lead actresses , with Seydoux and Exarchopoulos joining Jane Campion ( The Piano ) as the only women to have won the award . The film had its North American premiere at the 2013 Telluride Film Festival . The film received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language ."}]}, {'value': 'Blue Is the Warmest Colour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blue_Is_the_Warmest_Colour', 'summary': "Blue Is the Warmest Colour ( French : La Vie d'Adèle - Chapitres 1 & 2 ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ la vi d‿adɛl ʃa.pitʁ œ̃‿ne dø ] ) is a 2013 French romance film co-written , co-produced , and directed by Abdellatif Kechiche , and starring Léa Seydoux and Adèle Exarchopoulos . The film follows Adèle ( Exarchopoulos ) , a French teenager who discovers desire and freedom as an aspiring female painter Emma ( Seydoux ) enters her life . The film charts their relationship from Adèle 's high school years to her early adult life and career as a school teacher . The premise of Blue Is the Warmest Colour is based on the 2010 graphic novel of the same name by Julie Maroh . Production began in March 2012 and lasted six months . Approximately 800 hours of footage was shot , including extensive B-roll footage , with Kechiche ultimately trimming the final cut of the film down to 179 minutes . The film generated controversy upon its premiere at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and before its release . Much of the controversy was about claims of poor working conditions on set by the crew and the lead actresses , and also the film 's raw depiction of sexuality . At the 2013 Cannes Film Festival , the film unanimously won the Palme d'Or from the official jury and the FIPRESCI Prize . It is the first film to have the Palme d'Or awarded to both the director and the lead actresses , with Seydoux and Exarchopoulos joining Jane Campion ( The Piano ) as the only women to have won the award . The film had its North American premiere at the 2013 Telluride Film Festival . The film received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language ."}]}, {'value': 'Abdellatif Kechiche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdellatif_Kechiche', 'summary': "Abdellatif Kechiche ( French : [ abdɛlatif keʃiʃ ] ; Tunisian Arabic : عبد اللطيف كشيش , born 7 December 1960 ) is a Tunisian-French actor , film director and screenwriter . He made his directorial debut in 2000 with La Faute à Voltaire , which he also wrote . His film Blue Is the Warmest Colour won the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Les Grandes Ondes ( à l'ouest )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Les_Grandes_Ondes_(à_l'ouest)", 'summary': "Longwave ( French : Les Grandes Ondes ( à l'ouest ) , Portuguese : As Ondas de Abril ) is a 2013 Swiss-French-Portuguese comedy-drama film directed by Lionel Baier . The film 's principal cast are Valérie Donzelli , Michel Vuillermoz , Patrick Lapp , and Francisco Belard ."}]}, {'value': 'Longwave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Longwave_(film)', 'summary': "Longwave ( French : Les Grandes Ondes ( à l'ouest ) , Portuguese : As Ondas de Abril ) is a 2013 Swiss-French-Portuguese comedy-drama film directed by Lionel Baier . The film 's principal cast are Valérie Donzelli , Michel Vuillermoz , Patrick Lapp , and Francisco Belard ."}]}, {'value': 'Lionel Baier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lionel_Baier', 'summary': 'Lionel Baier ( born 13 December 1976 ) is a Swiss film director . He directed more than ten films since 2003 .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Qu'est-ce qu'on a fait au Bon Dieu ?", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Qu'est-ce_qu'on_a_fait_au_Bon_Dieu_?", 'summary': "Serial ( Bad ) Weddings ( French : Qu'est-ce qu'on a fait au Bon Dieu ? ) is a French comedy film directed by Philippe de Chauveron released in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Serial ( Bad ) Weddings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serial_(Bad)_Weddings', 'summary': "Serial ( Bad ) Weddings ( French : Qu'est-ce qu'on a fait au Bon Dieu ? ) is a French comedy film directed by Philippe de Chauveron released in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Philippe de Chauveron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippe_de_Chauveron', 'summary': 'Philippe de Chauveron ( born 15 November 1965 ) is a French film director , and writer . He is best known for his 2014 film Serial ( Bad ) Weddings .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Famille Bélier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Famille_Bélier', 'summary': 'La Famille Bélier ( released as The Bélier Family in Australia ) is a 2014 French comedy-drama film directed by Éric Lartigau . The film received six nominations at the 40th César Awards , winning Most Promising Actress for Louane Emera .'}]}, {'value': 'The Bélier Family', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Bélier_Family', 'summary': 'La Famille Bélier ( released as The Bélier Family in Australia ) is a 2014 French comedy-drama film directed by Éric Lartigau . The film received six nominations at the 40th César Awards , winning Most Promising Actress for Louane Emera .'}]}, {'value': 'Éric Lartigau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Éric_Lartigau', 'summary': 'Eric Lartigau ( born 20 June 1964 ) is a French director and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Respire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Respire_(film)', 'summary': "Respire ( also known as Breathe ) is a 2014 French drama film based on the novel of the same name by Anne-Sophie Brasme . The film was directed by Mélanie Laurent and stars Joséphine Japy , Lou de Laâge , Isabelle Carré and Claire Keim . It was screened in the International Critics ' Week section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival . It was also screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . In January 2015 , the film received three nominations at the 20th Lumières Awards and also two nominations at the 40th César Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Breathe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Breathe_(2014_film)', 'summary': "Respire ( also known as Breathe ) is a 2014 French drama film based on the novel of the same name by Anne-Sophie Brasme . The film was directed by Mélanie Laurent and stars Joséphine Japy , Lou de Laâge , Isabelle Carré and Claire Keim . It was screened in the International Critics ' Week section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival . It was also screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . In January 2015 , the film received three nominations at the 20th Lumières Awards and also two nominations at the 40th César Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Mélanie Laurent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mélanie_Laurent', 'summary': "Mélanie Laurent ( French pronunciation : [ melani loʁɑ̃ ] ( listen ) ; born 21 February 1983 ) is a French actress , singer , pianist , screenwriter and director . The recipient of two César Awards , an Étoiles d'or du cinéma français and a Lumières Award , she has established herself as an accomplished actress in the French film industry . Born in Paris to a Jewish family , Laurent was introduced to acting at the age of sixteen by Gérard Depardieu , who cast her in a minor role in the romantic drama The Bridge ( 1999 ) . She gained wider recognition for her supporting work in several French films , most notably the 2006 comedy Dikkenek , for which she won Étoiles d'Or for Best Female Newcomer . Her breakthrough role came in the 2006 drama film Do n't Worry , I 'm Fine , for which she later won the César Award for Most Promising Actress and the Prix Romy Schneider . Laurent made her Hollywood debut in 2009 with the starring role as Shosanna Dreyfus in Quentin Tarantino 's blockbuster war film Inglourious Basterds . Her performance won the Online Film Critics Society and the Austin Film Critics Association Best Actress Awards . While she has worked mainly in independent films , including Paris ( 2008 ) and Enemy ( 2013 ) , Laurent also appeared in commercially successful Hollywood films , including the comedy drama Beginners ( 2011 ) , and the caper film Now You See Me ( 2013 ) , the former earning her a nomination at the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress . Laurent 's other notable works include the art-house drama The Round Up ( 2010 ) , the comedy drama Et soudain , tout le monde me manque ( 2011 ) , and the mystery thriller Night Train to Lisbon ( 2013 ) . She is also known for voicing Mary Katherine and Disgust in the French dubs of Epic ( 2013 ) and Inside Out ( 2015 ) respectively . Additionally , she starred in Chris Weitz 's 2018 drama Operation Finale with Oscar Isaac and Ben Kingsley , telling the story of the capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann . In addition to her film career , Laurent has appeared in stage productions in France ."}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nous trois ou rien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nous_trois_ou_rien', 'summary': 'All Three of Us ( original title : Nous trois ou rien ; also known as The Three of Us ) is a 2015 French comedy-drama film written , directed by and starring Kheiron in his directorial debut . The film also stars Leïla Bekhti , Gérard Darmon and Zabou Breitman . It was screened at the Tokyo International Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize . The film was nominated for the César Award for Best First Feature Film at the 41st César Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'All Three of Us', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All_Three_of_Us', 'summary': 'All Three of Us ( original title : Nous trois ou rien ; also known as The Three of Us ) is a 2015 French comedy-drama film written , directed by and starring Kheiron in his directorial debut . The film also stars Leïla Bekhti , Gérard Darmon and Zabou Breitman . It was screened at the Tokyo International Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize . The film was nominated for the César Award for Best First Feature Film at the 41st César Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Kheiron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kheiron', 'summary': 'Kheiron ( born Manouchehr Tabib , 21 November 1982 ) is a French comedian , actor and film director of Iranian origin . He is best known for directing All Three of Us which was nominated for the César Award for Best First Feature Film . His subsequent film Bad Seeds ( French title : Mauvaises Herbes ) was released in English-speaking countries through Netflix .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frantz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frantz_(film)', 'summary': "Frantz is a 2016 drama film directed and co-written by François Ozon and starring Paula Beer and Pierre Niney . It is about a young German woman whose fiancé has been killed in World War I and the remorse of the French soldier who killed him . It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival , where Beer won the Marcello Mastroianni Award . At the 42nd César Awards , Frantz was nominated in eleven categories , winning one for Best Cinematography . Édouard Manet 's painting Le Suicidé is referenced and shown several times in the story . Frantz is a loose adaptation of the 1932 Ernst Lubitsch film Broken Lullaby , which in turn was based on Maurice Rostand 's 1930 French play L'homme que j'ai tué ."}]}, {'value': 'Frantz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frantz_(film)', 'summary': "Frantz is a 2016 drama film directed and co-written by François Ozon and starring Paula Beer and Pierre Niney . It is about a young German woman whose fiancé has been killed in World War I and the remorse of the French soldier who killed him . It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival , where Beer won the Marcello Mastroianni Award . At the 42nd César Awards , Frantz was nominated in eleven categories , winning one for Best Cinematography . Édouard Manet 's painting Le Suicidé is referenced and shown several times in the story . Frantz is a loose adaptation of the 1932 Ernst Lubitsch film Broken Lullaby , which in turn was based on Maurice Rostand 's 1930 French play L'homme que j'ai tué ."}]}, {'value': 'François Ozon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/François_Ozon', 'summary': 'François Ozon ( French : [ fʁɑ̃.swa o.zɔ̃ ] ; born 15 November 1967 ) is a French film director and screenwriter whose films are usually characterized by sharp satirical wit and a freewheeling view on human sexuality . He has achieved international acclaim for his films 8 femmes ( 2002 ) and Swimming Pool ( 2003 ) . Ozon is considered to be one of the most important French film directors in the new New Wave in French cinema such as Jean-Paul Civeyrac , Philippe Ramos , and Yves Caumon , as well as a group of French filmmakers associated with a cinema du corps/cinema of the body .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demain tout commence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Demain_tout_commence', 'summary': 'Two Is a Family ( French : Demain tout commence ) is a 2016 French comedy-drama film remake of the Mexican film Instructions Not Included ( No se Aceptan Devoluciones ) , directed by Hugo Gélin and starring Omar Sy .'}]}, {'value': 'Two Is a Family', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Two_Is_a_Family', 'summary': 'Two Is a Family ( French : Demain tout commence ) is a 2016 French comedy-drama film remake of the Mexican film Instructions Not Included ( No se Aceptan Devoluciones ) , directed by Hugo Gélin and starring Omar Sy .'}]}, {'value': 'Hugo Gélin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hugo_Gélin', 'summary': 'Hugo Gélin ( born 4 May 1980 ) is a French film director , producer and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '120 battements par seconde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/120_BPM', 'summary': 'BPM ( Beats per Minute ) , also known as 120 BPM ( Beats per Minute ) , [ a ] ( French : 120 battements par minute ) is a 2017 French drama film directed by Robin Campillo and starring Nahuel Pérez Biscayart , Arnaud Valois and Adèle Haenel . The film is about homosexuality and the AIDS epidemic , set in France in the 1990s . Campillo and co-screenwriter Philippe Mangeot drew on their personal experiences with ACT UP in developing the story . It had its world premiere at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival , followed by screenings at other festivals . At Cannes it won critical acclaim and four awards , including the Grand Prix . It went on to win six César Awards , including Best Film , and other honours .'}]}, {'value': 'BPM ( Beats per Minute )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BPM_(Beats_per_Minute)', 'summary': 'BPM ( Beats per Minute ) , also known as 120 BPM ( Beats per Minute ) , [ a ] ( French : 120 battements par minute ) is a 2017 French drama film directed by Robin Campillo and starring Nahuel Pérez Biscayart , Arnaud Valois and Adèle Haenel . The film is about homosexuality and the AIDS epidemic , set in France in the 1990s . Campillo and co-screenwriter Philippe Mangeot drew on their personal experiences with ACT UP in developing the story . It had its world premiere at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival , followed by screenings at other festivals . At Cannes it won critical acclaim and four awards , including the Grand Prix . It went on to win six César Awards , including Best Film , and other honours .'}]}, {'value': 'Robin Campillo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robin_Campillo', 'summary': "Robin Campillo ( born 16 August 1962 ) is a Moroccan-born French screenwriter , editor and film director . He is known for his work on films such as The Class ( 2008 ) , Heading South ( 2005 ) , the French zombie film They Came Back ( 2004 ) , Eastern Boys ( 2013 ) , and Time Out ( 2001 ) , the latter of which was placed at ninety-nine on Slant Magazine 's best films of the 2000s , number nine of The Guardian 's Best Films of the noughties , and number eleven at The A.V . Club 's top fifty films of the 2000s . In 2017 , he released 120 BPM ( Beats per Minute ) which received mass acclaim and went on to garner many awards , including the Grand Prix and 2017 César Award for Best Film ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Call Me by Your Name', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Call_Me_by_Your_Name_(film)', 'summary': "Call Me by Your Name ( Italian : Chiamami col tuo nome ) is a 2017 coming-of-age romantic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino . Its screenplay , by James Ivory , who also co-produced , is based on the 2007 novel of the same name by André Aciman . The film is the final installment in Guadagnino 's thematic Desire trilogy , after I Am Love ( 2009 ) , and A Bigger Splash ( 2015 ) . Set in 1983 in northern Italy , Call Me by Your Name chronicles the romantic relationship between a 17-year-old , Elio Perlman ( Timothée Chalamet ) , and Oliver ( Armie Hammer ) , a 24-year-old graduate-student assistant to Elio 's father ( Michael Stuhlbarg ) , an archaeology professor . The film also stars the French actresses Amira Casar , Esther Garrel , and Victoire Du Bois . Development began in 2007 when producers Peter Spears and Howard Rosenman optioned the rights to Aciman 's novel . Ivory had been chosen to co-direct with Guadagnino , but stepped down in 2016 . Guadagnino had joined the project as a location scout , and eventually became sole director , and co-producer . Call Me by Your Name was financed by several international companies , and its principal photography took place mainly in the city and comune of Crema , Lombardy , between May and June 2016 . Cinematographer Sayombhu Mukdeeprom used 35 mm film , as opposed to employing digital cinematography . The filmmakers spent weeks decorating Villa Albergoni , one of the main shooting locations . Guadagnino curated the film 's soundtrack , which features two original songs by American singer-songwriter Sufjan Stevens ."}]}, {'value': 'Call Me by Your Name', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Call_Me_by_Your_Name_(film)', 'summary': "Call Me by Your Name ( Italian : Chiamami col tuo nome ) is a 2017 coming-of-age romantic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino . Its screenplay , by James Ivory , who also co-produced , is based on the 2007 novel of the same name by André Aciman . The film is the final installment in Guadagnino 's thematic Desire trilogy , after I Am Love ( 2009 ) , and A Bigger Splash ( 2015 ) . Set in 1983 in northern Italy , Call Me by Your Name chronicles the romantic relationship between a 17-year-old , Elio Perlman ( Timothée Chalamet ) , and Oliver ( Armie Hammer ) , a 24-year-old graduate-student assistant to Elio 's father ( Michael Stuhlbarg ) , an archaeology professor . The film also stars the French actresses Amira Casar , Esther Garrel , and Victoire Du Bois . Development began in 2007 when producers Peter Spears and Howard Rosenman optioned the rights to Aciman 's novel . Ivory had been chosen to co-direct with Guadagnino , but stepped down in 2016 . Guadagnino had joined the project as a location scout , and eventually became sole director , and co-producer . Call Me by Your Name was financed by several international companies , and its principal photography took place mainly in the city and comune of Crema , Lombardy , between May and June 2016 . Cinematographer Sayombhu Mukdeeprom used 35 mm film , as opposed to employing digital cinematography . The filmmakers spent weeks decorating Villa Albergoni , one of the main shooting locations . Guadagnino curated the film 's soundtrack , which features two original songs by American singer-songwriter Sufjan Stevens ."}]}, {'value': 'Luca Guadagnino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luca_Guadagnino', 'summary': "Luca Guadagnino ( Italian : [ ˈluːka ɡwadaˈɲiːno ] ; born 10 August 1971 ) is an Italian film director , producer , and screenwriter . He has collaborated a number of times with actress Tilda Swinton , including on the films The Protagonists ( 1999 ) , I Am Love ( 2010 ) , A Bigger Splash ( 2015 ) and Suspiria ( 2018 ) . For directing and producing Call Me by Your Name ( 2017 ) , Guadagnino received widespread critical acclaim and several accolades , including nominations for an Academy Award for Best Picture , Nastro d'Argento for Best Director , and BAFTA Award for Best Direction ."}]}], 'section_title': '2010s', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_French-language_films_11', 'intro': 'The following is a list of French-language films, films mostly spoken in the French language.'} | null | null | How many César Award nominations did the 2011 film directed by Maïwenn receive ? | thirteen |
0b893e56584ec7e9 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_films_of_1961', 'title': 'List of French films of 1961', 'header': ['Title', 'Director', 'Cast', 'Genre', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Amelie or The Time to Love', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amelie_or_The_Time_to_Love', 'summary': "Amelie or The Time to Love ( French : Amélie ou le temps d'aimer ) is a 1961 French drama film directed by Michel Drach . It was entered into the 11th Berlin International Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Michel Drach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michel_Drach', 'summary': 'Michel Drach ( 18 October 1930 in Paris - 15 February 1990 in Paris ) was a French film director , writer , producer and actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Marie-José Nat , Clotilde Joano , Jean Sorel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marie-José_Nat', 'summary': 'Marie-José Benhalassa ( 22 April 1940 - 10 October 2019 ) , known professionally as Marie-José Nat , was a French actress . Among her notable works in cinema were the sequel films Anatomy of a Marriage : My Days with Jean-Marc and Anatomy of a Marriage : My Days with Françoise ( 1963 ) , directed by André Cayatte . In 1974 , she received a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film Violins at the Ball .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jean_Sorel', 'summary': 'Jean Sorel ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒɑ̃ sɔʁɛl ] ; born 25 September 1934 ) is a French actor . Born Jean Bernard de Chieusses de Combaud de Roquebrune , he worked extensively in European cinema during the 1960s and 1970s with directors such as Luis Buñuel and Luchino Visconti . However , since 1980 he has worked mostly in television . He was married to Italian actress Anna Maria Ferrero from 1962 until her death in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cocagne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cocagne_(film)', 'summary': "Cocagne is a 1961 French-Italian comedy film directed by Maurice Cloche and starring Fernandel , Dora Doll and Leda Gloria . A simple man unexpectedly gains enormous fame as a celebrated artist , to the scepticism of his family and friends . It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris with location shooting in Arles and the Camargue . The film 's sets were designed by the art director Jacques Paris ."}]}, {'value': 'Maurice Cloche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maurice_Cloche', 'summary': "Maurice Cloche ( 17 June 1907 , Commercy , Meuse - 23 March 1990 , Bordeaux , France ) was a French film director , screenwriter , photographer and film producer . Best known for his Oscar-winning film Monsieur Vincent ( 1947 ) he won a 1948 Special Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . ''Monsieur Vincent , '' a dramatization of the life of St. Vincent de Paul that starred Pierre Fresnay , won the Academy Award in 1947 for best foreign film . It also was honored as the best film in France that year . Mr. Cloche , whose career spanned more than a half-century , also made spy thrillers and films with religious and social themes . His best-known films include `` La Cage aux Oiseaux '' ( `` The Bird Cage '' ) ; `` Le Docteur Laennec , '' the story of the inventor of the stethoscope ; `` Ne de Pere Inconnu '' ( `` Father Unknown '' ) and `` La Cage aux Filles ( `` The Girl Cage '' ) . In 1940 , Mr. Cloche founded a film society for young talent . It later became France 's leading film school , the Institute of Advanced Film Studies . He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts , then at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs , before going to the cinema as an actor in 1933 . He became artistic director and became director by shooting several short films . He created a production company and made his first feature film in 1937 . After the Second World War , he is best known as a writer of films about great figures of Christian charity , hence his reputation in the profession of official Catholic filmmaker ."}]}, {'value': 'Fernandel , Dora Doll , Leda Gloria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fernandel', 'summary': "Fernand Joseph Désiré Contandin ( 8 May 1903 - 26 February 1971 ) , better known as Fernandel , was a French actor and singer . Born in Marseille , France , to Désirée Bedouin and Denis Contandin , originating in Perosa Argentina , an Occitan town located in the province of Turin . He was a comedy star who first gained popularity in French vaudeville , operettas , and music-hall revues . His stage name originated from his marriage to Henriette Manse , the sister of his best friend and frequent cinematic collaborator Jean Manse . So attentive was he to his wife that his mother-in-law amusingly referred to him as Fernand d'elle ( Fernand of her ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dora_Doll', 'summary': 'Dora Doll ( born Dorothea Hermina Feinberg ; 19 May 1922 - 15 November 2015 ) was a German-born French actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leda_Gloria', 'summary': "Leda Gloria ( 30 August 1908 - 16 March 1997 ) was an Italian film actress . She appeared in 66 films between 1929 and 1965 . During the expansion of Italian cinema of the Fascist Era of the 1930s and early 1940s she appeared in starring roles , later transitioning into character parts after the Second World War . She appeared in the Don Camillo series of films , playing the wife of Gino Cervi 's Giuseppe Bottazzi ."}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-production with Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Colossus of Rhodes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Colossus_of_Rhodes_(film)', 'summary': "The Colossus of Rhodes ( Italian : Il Colosso di Rodi ) is a 1961 Italian sword and sandal film co-written and directed by Sergio Leone . Starring Rory Calhoun , it is a fictional account of the island of Rhodes during its Classical period in the late third century before coming under Roman control , using the Colossus of Rhodes as a backdrop for the story of a war hero who becomes involved in two different plots to overthrow a tyrannical king : one by Rhodian patriots and the other by Phoenician agents . The film was Leone 's first work as a credited director , in a genre where he already had worked before ( as the replacement director for The Last Days of Pompeii and as a secondary director for both Ben-Hur and Quo Vadis ) . It is perhaps the least known of the seven films he officially directed , and is notable for being the only one without an Ennio Morricone score . The film is also notable for its unusual time period : The time following Alexander the Greats death ( 323 BC ) but before the rise of the Roman empire ( 27 BC ) , known as the Hellenistic era . Most sword-and-sandal epics of the 1950s and 1960s were set in either classical Greece or even earlier ( Hercules , Ulysses , The Giant of Marathon ) or the later Roman period ( Ben Hur , The Magnificent Gladiator , Quo Vadis ) . The only other films made during the peplum era to use a Hellenistic setting are Hannibal ( 1959 ) , Revak the Rebel and Siege of Syracuse ( both 1960 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Sergio Leone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergio_Leone', 'summary': "Sergio Leone ( Italian : [ ˈsɛrdʒo leˈoːne ] ; January 3 , 1929 - April 30 , 1989 ) was an Italian film director , producer and screenwriter , credited as the inventor of the Spaghetti Western genre and widely regarded as one of the most influential directors in the history of cinema . Leone 's film-making style includes juxtaposing extreme close-up shots with lengthy long shots . His movies include the Dollars Trilogy of Westerns featuring Clint Eastwood : A Fistful of Dollars ( 1964 ) , For a Few Dollars More ( 1965 ) and The Good , the Bad and the Ugly ( 1966 ) ; and the Once Upon a Time films : Once Upon a Time in the West ( 1968 ) , Duck , You Sucker ! ( 1971 ) and Once Upon a Time in America ( 1984 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Rory Calhoun , Lea Massari , Georges Marchal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rory_Calhoun', 'summary': 'Rory Calhoun ( born Francis Timothy McCown , August 8 , 1922 - April 28 , 1999 ) was an American film and television actor , screenwriter and producer . He starred in numerous Westerns in the 1950s and 1960s , and appeared in supporting roles in films such as How to Marry a Millionaire ( 1953 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lea_Massari', 'summary': "Lea Massari , born Anna Maria Massetani ( born 30 June 1933 ) is an actress and singer from Italy . She was born Anna Maria Massetani in Rome , but changed her name to Lea Massari when she was 22 after the death of her fiancé Leo . She studied architecture in Switzerland . Massari become known in art cinema for two roles : the missing girl Anna in Michelangelo Antonioni 's L'avventura ( 1960 ) , and as Clara , the mother of a sexually precocious 14-year-old boy named Laurent ( Benoît Ferreux ) in Louis Malle 's Murmur of the Heart ( 1971 ) . She worked both in Italian and French cinema . Her career includes Sergio Leone 's debut The Colossus of Rhodes ( Il Colosso di Rodi , 1961 ) and international commercial films such as The Things of Life ( Les choses de la vie , 1970 ) . She was member of the jury at the Cannes Film Festival in 1975 . After appearing in Francesco Rosi 's Christ Stopped at Eboli ( Cristo si è fermato a Eboli , 1979 ) , she won the Nastro d'Argento Best supporting Actress award ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Georges_Marchal', 'summary': "Georges Marchal ( 10 January 1920 - 28 November 1997 ) was a French actor . Born Georges Louis Lucot in Nancy , Meurthe-et-Moselle , France , the strikingly handsome Marchal was discovered in the early-1940s by director Jean Grémillon . By the early 1950s , he had become one of the top male stars of French cinema , second only , perhaps , to actor Jean Marais . He was also a favorite leading man of filmmaker Luis Buñuel , appearing in the director 's films La voie lactée , Belle de jour , Cela s'appelle l'aurore , and La mort en ce jardin . In 1951 , Marchal married French actress Dany Robin and together they were a popular couple , playing in the movies La Passagère ( 1949 ) , La Voyageuse inattendue , Le plus joli péché du monde , Jupiter directed by Gilles Grangier ( 1952 ) , and Quand sonnera midi directed by Edmond T. Gréville ( 1958 ) . On television , Marchal played Claude Jade 's father in the TV-series The Island of Thirty Coffins , and appeared as Richelieu , and Philippe IV , and in adaptations of Balzac , Hugo , George Sand and Colette . Divorced from Dany Robin since 1969 , Marchal married Michele Heyberger in 1983 . He had two children , Robin and Frédérique . Marchal retired in 1989 and died , age 77 , on 28 November 1997 in Maurens , Dordogne , France ."}]}, {'value': 'Adventure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italian-Spanish-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Count of Monte Cristo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo_(1961_film)', 'summary': 'The Count of Monte Cristo is a 1961 French-Italian film version of the eponymous novel directed by Claude Autant-Lara .'}]}, {'value': 'Claude Autant-Lara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claude_Autant-Lara', 'summary': 'Claude Autant-Lara ( French : [ otɑ̃ laʁa ] ; 5 August 1901 - 5 February 2000 ) was a French film director and later Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Louis Jourdan , Yvonne Furneaux , Pierre Mondy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Jourdan', 'summary': "Louis Jourdan ( born Louis Robert Gendre ; 19 June 1921 - 14 February 2015 ) was a French film and television actor . He was known for his suave roles in several Hollywood films , including Alfred Hitchcock 's The Paradine Case ( 1947 ) , Letter from an Unknown Woman ( 1948 ) , Gigi ( 1958 ) , The Best of Everything ( 1959 ) , The V.I.P.s ( 1963 ) and Octopussy ( 1983 ) . He played Dracula in the 1977 BBC television production Count Dracula ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yvonne_Furneaux', 'summary': 'Yvonne Furneaux ( born 11 May 1928 ) is a retired French film actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Mondy', 'summary': 'Pierre Mondy ( born Pierre Cuq ; 10 February 1925 in Neuilly-sur-Seine - 15 September 2012 in Paris ) was a French film and theatre actor and director .'}]}, {'value': 'Adventure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enclosure', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enclosure_(film)', 'summary': "Enclosure ( French : L'Enclos ) is a 1961 French-Yugoslav drama film directed by Armand Gatti . It was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival where Gatti won the Silver Prize for Best Director ."}]}, {'value': 'Armand Gatti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Armand_Gatti', 'summary': "Armand Gatti ( French : [ gati ] ; 26 January 1924 - 6 April 2017 ) was a French playwright , poet , journalist , screenwriter , filmmaker and World War II resistance fighter . His debut film Enclosure was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival where he won the Silver Prize for Best Director . Two years later , his film El Otro Cristóbal was entered into the 1963 Cannes Film Festival . In 2013 he was awarded the Grand prix du théâtre de l'Académie française ."}]}, {'value': 'Jean Négroni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Négroni', 'summary': 'Jean Négroni ( 4 December 1920 - 28 May 2005 ) was a French actor and theatre director particularly known for his voice work , such as his role as the narrator in La Jetée ( 1962 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Yugoslavian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erik the Conqueror', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erik_the_Conqueror', 'summary': 'Erik the Conqueror ( Italian : Gli invasori , lit . The invaders ) is a 1961 Italian-French epic swashbuckling film directed by Mario Bava and starring George Ardisson and Cameron Mitchell as long-lost Viking brothers in the 9th century , one of whom is raised in England , the other in Scandinavia . They finally meet after almost 20 years , as rivals on opposite sides of an English-Viking war . It is a loose remake of the American film The Vikings .'}]}, {'value': 'Mario Bava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_Bava', 'summary': "Mario Bava ( 31 July 1914 - 27 April 1980 ) was an Italian filmmaker who worked variously as a director , screenwriter , cinematographer , and special effects artist . He is frequently referred to as the Master of Italian Horror and the Master of the Macabre . His low-budget genre films , known for their distinctive visual flair and stylish technical ingenuity , feature recurring themes and imagery concerning the conflict between illusion and reality , and the destructive capacity of human nature . Born to sculptor , cinematographer and special effects pioneer Eugenio Bava , the younger Bava followed his father into the film industry , and eventually earned a reputation as one of Italy 's foremost cameramen , lighting and providing the special effects for such films as Hercules ( 1958 ) and its sequel Hercules Unchained ( 1959 ) ( each were lampooned on Mystery Science Theater 3000 ) . During the late 1950s , his eventual career trajectory as a director began when he was relied upon to complete projects begun by or credited to his colleague Riccardo Freda and other filmmakers , including I Vampiri ( 1957 ) ( the first Italian horror film of the sound era ) , The Day the Sky Exploded ( 1958 ) ( the first Italian science fiction film ) , Caltiki - The Immortal Monster ( 1959 ) and The Giant of Marathon ( 1959 ) . Although most of Bava 's films as director failed to achieve major commercial success upon release , many of them would eventually find acclaim as cult classics , with their content and production values being favourably compared to the works of Alfred Hitchcock . Several of them have been noted for their revolutionary impact on their respective genres : Black Sunday ( 1960 ) , his official directorial debut , was the forerunner of the Italian gothic horror film cycle ; The Girl Who Knew Too Much ( 1963 ) is considered to be the first giallo film ; Kill , Baby , Kill ( 1966 ) heavily influenced the iconography of modern J-Horror ; Roy Colt & Winchester Jack ( 1970 ) is regarded as one of the earliest self-parodying Spaghetti Westerns ; Four Times That Night ( 1971 ) was an early Italian sex comedy ; and A Bay of Blood ( 1971 ) was a precursor to slasher films . His other notable films include Hercules in the Haunted World ( 1961 ) , Erik the Conqueror ( 1961 ) , Black Sabbath ( 1963 ) , The Whip and the Body ( 1963 ) , Blood and Black Lace ( 1964 ) , Planet of the Vampires ( 1965 ) , Knives of the Avenger ( 1966 ) , Danger : Diabolik ( 1968 ) , Hatchet for the Honeymoon ( 1970 ) , Five Dolls for an August Moon ( 1970 ) , Baron Blood ( 1972 ) , Lisa and the Devil ( 1974 ) , Rabid Dogs ( 1974 ) and Shock ( 1977 ) . Despite his reputation as a talented artist during his lifetime , Bava 's shy , self-deprecating demeanour prevented him from taking advantage of opportunities that would have furthered his international standing within the film industry , and he turned down multiple opportunities to work in Hollywood . Among the filmmakers Bava and his work have influenced include Dario Argento , Lucio Fulci , Federico Fellini , John Carpenter , Nicolas Winding Refn , Martin Scorsese , Tim Burton , Joe Dante , John Landis , Francis Ford Coppola , Roger Corman , Edgar Wright , Jennifer Kent and Quentin Tarantino . His son and frequent assistant director , Lamberto Bava , later became a noted fantasy and horror film director in his own right ."}]}, {'value': 'Cameron Mitchell , Andrea Checchi , Françoise Christophe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameron_Mitchell_(actor)', 'summary': "Cameron Mitchell ( born Cameron McDowell Mitzell ; November 4 , 1918 - July 6 , 1994 ) was an American film , television , and stage actor . He began his career on Broadway before transitioning into feature films in the 1950s , appearing in several major motion pictures . He later became known for his roles in numerous exploitation films in the 1970s and 1980s . A native of Pennsylvania , Mitchell began acting on Broadway in the late 1930s before signing a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , after which he appeared in several films with Lana Turner and Clark Gable , such as Cass Timberlane ( 1945 ) and Homecoming ( 1948 ) . He subsequently originated the role of Happy Loman in the Broadway production of Arthur Miller 's Death of a Salesman ( 1949 ) , a role he reprised in the 1951 film adaptation . He subsequently signed a contract with 20th Century Fox , which cast in him in lead roles in Les Misérables ( 1952 ) and How to Marry a Millionaire ( 1953 ) , opposite Lauren Bacall and Marilyn Monroe . He then co-starred opposite Doris Day and James Cagney in the musical Love Me or Leave Me ( 1955 ) . Throughout the 1960s , Mitchell transitioned to roles in spaghetti Westerns and Italian films , including several collaborations with Mario Bava , namely Erik the Conqueror ( 1961 ) , Blood and Black Lace ( 1964 ) , and Knives of the Avenger ( 1966 ) . From 1967-71 , Mitchell appeared in the Western television series The High Chaparral . From the mid-1970s , Mitchell appeared in numerous exploitation and horror films , such as Slaughter ( 1972 ) , Haunts ( 1976 ) , and The Toolbox Murders ( 1978 ) . Mitchell continued to appear in film and television throughout the 1980s , including in supporting parts in the anthology horror films Night Train to Terror ( 1985 ) and From a Whisper to a Scream ( 1987 ) , and the science-fiction film Space Mutiny ( 1988 ) , which was featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000 . He died in 1994 of lung cancer , aged 75 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Checchi', 'summary': 'Andrea Checchi ( 21 October 1916 - 29 March 1974 ) was a prolific Italian film actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Françoise_Christophe', 'summary': 'Françoise Christophe ( 1923-2012 ) was a French film and television actress .'}]}, {'value': 'Adventure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italian-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Girl with a Suitcase', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Girl_with_a_Suitcase', 'summary': 'Girl with a Suitcase ( Italian : La ragazza con la valigia ) is a 1961 Italian romantic drama film by Valerio Zurlini starring Claudia Cardinale as a naive nightclub singer who lives on the good will of others . It was entered into the 1961 Cannes Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Valerio Zurlini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valerio_Zurlini', 'summary': 'Valerio Zurlini ( 19 March 1926 - 26 October 1982 ) was an Italian film director , stage director and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': 'Claudia Cardinale , Jacques Perrin , Corrado Pani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale', 'summary': "Claudia Cardinale ( born Claude Joséphine Rose Cardinale , 15 April 1938 ) is an Italian Tunisian film actress who appeared in some of the most acclaimed European films of the 1960s and 1970s , mainly Italian or French , but also in many English-language films . Born and raised in La Goulette , a neighbourhood of Tunis , Cardinale won the Most Beautiful Italian Girl in Tunisia competition in 1957 , the prize being a trip to Italy , which quickly led to film contracts , due above all to the involvement of Franco Cristaldi , who acted as her mentor for a number of years and later married her . After making her debut in a minor role with Omar Sharif in Goha ( 1958 ) , Cardinale became one of the best-known actresses in Italy after roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers ( 1960 ) , Girl with a Suitcase ( 1961 ) , Cartouche ( 1962 ) , The Leopard ( 1963 ) , and Fellini 's 8½ ( 1963 ) . [ a ] From 1963 , Cardinale became known in the United States and Britain following her role in The Pink Panther opposite David Niven . For several years , she appeared in Hollywood films such as Blindfold ( 1965 ) , Lost Command ( 1966 ) , The Professionals ( 1966 ) , The Hell with Heroes ( 1968 ) , and the Sergio Leone epic Western Once Upon a Time in the West ( 1968 ) , a joint US-Italian production , in which she was praised for her role as a former prostitute opposite Jason Robards , Charles Bronson , and Henry Fonda . Jaded with the Hollywood film industry and not wanting to become a cliché , Cardinale returned to Italian and French cinema , and garnered the David di Donatello for Best Actress award for her roles in Il giorno della civetta ( 1968 ) and as a prostitute alongside Alberto Sordi in A Girl in Australia ( 1971 ) . In 1974 , Cardinale met director Pasquale Squitieri , who would become her husband , and she frequently featured in his films , including I guappi ( 1974 ) , Corleone ( 1978 ) and Claretta ( 1984 ) , the last of which won her the Nastro d'Argento Award for Best Actress . In 1982 , she starred in Werner Herzog 's Fitzcarraldo as the love interest of Klaus Kinski , who raises the funds to buy a steamship in Peru . In 2010 , Cardinale received the Best Actress Award at the 47th Antalya Golden Orange International Film Festival for her performance as an elderly Italian woman who takes in a young Turkish exchange student in Signora Enrica . Outspoken on women 's rights causes over the years , Cardinale has been a UNESCO goodwill ambassador for the Defense of Women 's Rights since March 2000 . In February 2011 , the Los Angeles Times Magazine named Cardinale among the 50 most beautiful women in film history ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jacques_Perrin', 'summary': "Jacques Perrin ( born Jacques André Simonet ; 13 July 1941 ) is a French actor and filmmaker . He is occasionally credited as Jacques Simonet . Simonet was his father 's name and Perrin his mother 's ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Corrado_Pani', 'summary': 'Corrado Pani ( 4 March 1936 - 2 March 2005 ) was an Italian actor and voice actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama , romance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italian-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goodbye Again', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goodbye_Again_(1961_film)', 'summary': 'Goodbye Again ( released in Europe as Aimez-vous Brahms ? ) is a 1961 American romantic drama film produced and directed by Anatole Litvak . The screenplay was written by Samuel A. Taylor , based on the novel Aimez-vous Brahms ? by Françoise Sagan . The film , released by United Artists , stars Ingrid Bergman , Anthony Perkins , Yves Montand , and Jessie Royce Landis .'}]}, {'value': 'Anatole Litvak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatole_Litvak', 'summary': "Anatole Litvak ( Russian : Анато́ль Литва́к ; May 21 , 1902 - December 15 , 1974 ) was a Ukrainian-born , Lithuanian-American filmmaker who wrote , directed , and produced films in various countries and languages . He began his theatrical training at age 13 in Petrograd . Litvak was notable for directing little-known foreign actors to early fame , often winning them Academy Awards . In 1936 he directed Mayerling , a film which made Charles Boyer and Danielle Darrieux international stars . He returned Swedish star Ingrid Bergman to popularity with American audiences in 1956 with Anastasia , which won her an Oscar . He directed Olivia de Havilland to an Academy Award nomination for The Snake Pit in 1948 . He also directed Jean Gabin in his screen debut , and directed Elia Kazan in his earliest acting role , City for Conquest . Litvak directed Confessions of a Nazi Spy in 1939 starring Edward G. Robinson , which used actual newsreel footage from U.S. Nazi rallies . As a refugee from Nazi Germany , Litvak was among the few directors who tried to open Hollywood 's eyes to the threat Germany posed to Europe and the world . During World War II , he enlisted and co-directed documentaries with Frank Capra , including Why We Fight films . His solo-directed , The Battle of Russia , in 1943 , won numerous awards and was nominated for an Oscar . Because of Litvak 's ability to speak Russian , German , and French , he supervised the filming of the D-Day Normandy landings ."}]}, {'value': 'Ingrid Bergman , Yves Montand , Anthony Perkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman', 'summary': "Ingrid Bergman [ a ] ( 29 August 1915 - 29 August 1982 ) was a Swedish-American actress who starred in a variety of European and American films , television movies , and plays . She won many accolades , including three Academy Awards , two Primetime Emmy Awards , a Tony Award , four Golden Globe Awards , and a BAFTA Award . Bergman was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German mother , and started her acting career in Swedish and German films . Her introduction to Americans came in the English-language remake of Intermezzo ( 1939 ) . In addition to the classic and Best-Picture-Academy-Award winning Casablanca ( 1942 ) opposite Humphrey Bogart , her notable performances from the 1940s include the dramas For Whom the Bell Tolls ( 1943 ) , Gaslight ( 1944 ) , The Bells of St. Mary 's ( 1945 ) , and Joan of Arc ( 1948 ) , all of which earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress ; she won the award for Gaslight . She made three films with Alfred Hitchcock including Spellbound ( 1945 ) , with Gregory Peck , and Notorious ( 1946 ) , opposite Cary Grant . In 1950 she starred in Roberto Rossellini 's Stromboli , following the revelation that she was having an extramarital affair with the director . The affair and then marriage to Rossellini created a scandal in the U.S. that forced her to remain in Europe for several years , during which she starred in Rossellini 's Journey to Italy ( 1954 ) , now critically acclaimed . She made a successful return to working for a Hollywood studio in Anastasia ( 1956 ) , winning her second Academy Award for Best Actress . In 1958 , she starred for a second time with Cary Grant , this time in the popular romantic comedy Indiscreet . In her later years , she won her third Academy Award , this one for Best Supporting Actress , for her small performance in Murder on the Orient Express ( 1974 ) . In 1978 she worked with director Ingmar Bergman ( no relation ) in Autumn Sonata , for which she received her sixth Academy Award nomination for Best Actress ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yves_Montand', 'summary': 'Ivo Livi , better known as Yves Montand ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ iv mɔ̃tɑ̃ ] ; 13 October 1921 - 9 November 1991 ) , was an Italian-French actor and singer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Perkins', 'summary': "Anthony Perkins ( April 4 , 1932 - September 12 , 1992 ) was an American actor and singer . He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his second film , Friendly Persuasion ( 1956 ) , but is best remembered for playing Norman Bates in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho ( 1960 ) and its three sequels . His other films include Fear Strikes Out ( 1957 ) , The Matchmaker ( 1958 ) , On the Beach ( 1959 ) , Tall Story ( 1960 ) , The Trial ( 1962 ) , Phaedra ( 1962 ) , Five Miles to Midnight ( 1962 ) , Pretty Poison ( 1968 ) , Murder on the Orient Express ( 1974 ) , Mahogany ( 1975 ) , North Sea Hijack ( 1979 ) , The Black Hole ( 1979 ) , and Crimes of Passion ( 1984 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Drama , romance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hercules_and_the_Conquest_of_Atlantis', 'summary': "Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis ( Italian : Ercole alla conquista di Atlantide , lit . 'Hercules at the Conquest of Atlantis ' ) is a 1961 film directed by Vittorio Cottafavi and starring Reg Park in his film debut as Ercole/Hercules . It was originally released in Super Technirama 70 . The film is also known as Hercules Conquers Atlantis in the United Kingdom , and Hercules and the Captive Women in the United States where the film was not only retitled but edited , rescored and given a title design by Filmation ."}]}, {'value': 'Vittorio Cottafavi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vittorio_Cottafavi', 'summary': 'Vittorio Cottafavi ( 30 January 1914 - 14 December 1998 ) was an Italian film director and screenwriter . He directed 70 films between 1943 and 1985 . His film Il diavolo sulle colline was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Reg Park , Alessandro Sperli , Fay Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reg_Park', 'summary': 'Roy Reg Park ( 7 June 1928 - 22 November 2007 ) was an English bodybuilder , businessman , and actor . His first title was Mr Britain in 1946 . He then won the Mr Universe in 1951 , 1958 and 1965 . He also starred in five films , four featured as Hercules and in one , Hercules in the Haunted World ( 1961 ) , he co-starred with Christopher Lee . Besides his own career and titles , he is probably best known as an idol and mentor to Arnold Schwarzenegger .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fay_Spain', 'summary': 'Fay Spain ( October 6 , 1932 - May 8 , 1983 ) was an American actress in motion pictures and television .'}]}, {'value': 'Adventure , fantasy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italian-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Joy of Living', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Joy_of_Living', 'summary': 'The Joy of Living ( Italian : Che gioia vivere , French : Quelle joie de vivre ) is a 1961 Italian-French comedy film directed by René Clément . It was entered into the 1961 Cannes Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'René Clément', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/René_Clément', 'summary': 'René Clément ( French : [ klemɑ̃ ] ; 18 March 1913 - 17 March 1996 ) was a French film director and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': 'Barbara Lass , Alain Delon , Gino Cervi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barbara_Lass', 'summary': 'Barbara Kwiatkowska-Lass ( 1 June 1940 - 6 March 1995 ) was a Polish actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alain_Delon', 'summary': "Alain Fabien Maurice Marcel Delon ( French : [ alɛ̃ dəlɔ̃ ] ; born 8 November 1935 ) is a French actor and businessman . He is known as one of Europe 's most prominent actors and screen sex symbols from the 1960s . He achieved critical acclaim for roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers ( 1960 ) , Plein Soleil ( 1960 ) , L'Eclisse ( 1962 ) , The Leopard ( 1963 ) , The Yellow Rolls-Royce ( 1965 ) , Lost Command ( 1966 ) and Le Samouraï ( 1967 ) . Over the course of his career Delon worked with many well known directors , including Luchino Visconti , Jean-Luc Godard , Jean-Pierre Melville , Michelangelo Antonioni and Louis Malle . He acquired Swiss citizenship in 1999 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gino_Cervi', 'summary': 'Gino Cervi ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈdʒiːno ˈtʃɛrvi ] ; 3 May 1901 - 3 January 1974 ) was an Italian actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': "L'Amant de cinq jours", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/L'Amant_de_cinq_jours", 'summary': "Five Day Lover ( French : L'Amant de Cinq Jours ) is a 1961 French sex comedy film directed by Philippe de Broca , starring Jean Seberg and Micheline Presle . It is based on the 1959 novel L'amant de cinq jours by Françoise Parturier . The film was entered into the 11th Berlin International Film Festival and nominated for the Golden Bear ."}]}, {'value': 'Philippe de Broca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippe_de_Broca', 'summary': "Philippe de Broca ( French : [ də bʁɔka ] ; 15 March 1933 - 26 November 2004 ) was a French movie director . He directed 30 full-length feature films , including the highly successful That Man from Rio ( L'Homme de Rio ) , The Man from Acapulco ( Le Magnifique ) and On Guard ( Le Bossu ) . His works include historical , romantic epics such as Chouans ! and King of Hearts ( Le Roi de cœur ) , as well as comedies with a charismatic , breezy hero ready to embark upon any adventure which comes his way , so long as it means escaping everyday modern life : Practice Makes Perfect ( Le Cavaleur ) , The Devil by the Tail ( Le Diable par la queue ) , The African ( L'Africain ) . He had links with the actor Jean-Paul Belmondo , with whom he made six films , as well as with Jean-Pierre Cassel , Philippe Noiret and Jean Rochefort ."}]}, {'value': 'Jean Seberg , Jean-Pierre Cassel , Micheline Presle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Seberg', 'summary': "Jean Dorothy Seberg ( /ˈsiːbɜːrɡ/ ; French : [ ʒin sebɛʁɡ ] ; November 13 , 1938 - August 30 , 1979 ) was an American actress who lived half her life in France . Her performance in Jean-Luc Godard 's 1960 film Breathless immortalized her as an icon of French New Wave cinema . She appeared in 34 films in Hollywood and in Europe , including Saint Joan , Bonjour Tristesse , Lilith , The Mouse That Roared , Moment to Moment , A Fine Madness , Paint Your Wagon , Airport , Macho Callahan , and Gang War in Naples . She was also one of the best-known targets of the FBI COINTELPRO project . Her targeting was a well-documented retaliation for her support of the Black Panther Party in the 1960s . Seberg died at the age of 40 in Paris , with police ruling her death a probable suicide . Romain Gary , Seberg 's second husband , called a press conference shortly after her death where he publicly blamed the FBI 's campaign against Seberg for her deteriorating mental health . Gary claimed that Seberg became psychotic after the media reported a false story that the FBI planted about her pregnancy in 1970 being with a Black Panther 's child . Romain Gary stated that Seberg had attempted suicide on numerous anniversaries of the child 's death , August 25 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Cassel', 'summary': 'Jean-Pierre Cassel ( 27 October 1932 - 19 April 2007 ) was a French actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Micheline_Presle', 'summary': 'Micheline Presle ( born Micheline Nicole Julia Émilienne Chassagne , 22 August 1922 ) is a French actress .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy , romance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Capitaine Fracasse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Captain_Fracasse_(1961_film)', 'summary': 'Captain Fracasse ( French : Le Capitaine Fracasse ) is a French adventure film from 1961 , written and directed by Pierre Gaspard-Huit , starring Jean Marais and Louis de Funès . The film is also known under the titles : Capitan Fracassa ( Italy ) , Captain Fracasse ( English title ) , Fracasse , der freche Kavalier ( West Germany ) . the scenario was based on the 1863 novel Captain Fracasse by Théophile Gautier .'}]}, {'value': 'Pierre Gaspard-Huit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard-Huit', 'summary': 'Pierre Gaspard-Huit ( 29 November 1917 - 1 May 2017 ) was a French film director and screenwriter . He directed the 1963 film Shéhérazade , which starred Anna Karina . He was once married to actress Claudine Auger when she was 18 , and he was 41 years old . She acted in several of his films .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean Marais , Geneviève Grad , Gérard Barray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Marais', 'summary': 'Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais ( French : [ ʒɑ̃ maʁɛ ] ; 11 December 1913 - 8 November 1998 ) , known professionally as Jean Marais , was a French actor , writer , director and sculptor . He performed in over 100 films and was the muse of acclaimed director Jean Cocteau . In 1996 , he was awarded the French Legion of Honor for his contributions to French Cinema .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Geneviève_Grad', 'summary': 'Geneviève Gabrielle Grad ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒənvjɛv ɡabʁijɛl ɡʁad ] ; born 5 July 1944 in Paris ) is a French actress . She played Nicole Cruchot , the daughter of police officer Ludovic Cruchot ( Louis de Funès ) in the first three films of the Gendarme of Saint-Tropez series from 1964 to 1968 . She has , among others , played in two films with Paul Guers as his partner : Flash Love ( 1972 ) and Libertés sexuelles ( 1977 ) . She has also appeared in several made for TV films and TV series in the 1960s and 1970s . She had a son with Igor Bogdanoff . She has been married to Jean René André Yvon Guillaume since March 19 , 1993 . She lives in Vendôme in the Loir-et-Cher .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gérard_Barray', 'summary': 'Gérard Barray ( born 2 November 1931 in Toulouse ) is a French comedian and film and television actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Adventure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le cave se rebiffe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_cave_se_rebiffe', 'summary': 'Le cave se rebiffe is a 1961 French comedy film directed by Gilles Grangier , written by Michel Audiard and starring Jean Gabin , Bernard Blier and Martine Carol . The film was retitled The Counterfeiters of Paris for English-speaking countries . Le cave se rebiffe is the second in the Max le Menteur trilogy , following Touchez pas au grisbi and preceding Les tontons flingueurs . The film trilogy is an adaptation of three novels written by Albert Simonin .'}]}, {'value': 'Gilles Grangier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gilles_Grangier', 'summary': 'Gilles Grangier ( 5 May 1911 - 27 April 1996 ) was a French film director and screenwriter . He directed 55 films and several TV series between 1943 and 1985 . His film Archimède le clochard was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival , where Jean Gabin won the Silver Bear for Best Actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean Gabin , Martine Carol , Bernard Blier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Gabin', 'summary': "Jean Gabin ( French : [ ʒɑ̃ gabɛ̃ ] ; 17 May 1904 - 15 November 1976 ) was a French actor and sometime singer . Considered a key figure in French cinema , he starred in several classic films including Pépé le Moko ( 1937 ) , La grande illusion ( 1937 ) , Le Quai des brumes ( 1938 ) , La bête humaine ( 1938 ) , Le jour se lève ( 1939 ) , and Le plaisir ( 1952 ) . Gabin was made a member of the Légion d'honneur in recognition of the important role he played in French cinema ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Martine_Carol', 'summary': 'Martine Carol ( 16 May 1920 - 6 February 1967 ) was a French film actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bernard_Blier', 'summary': 'Bernard Blier ( 11 January 1916 - 29 March 1989 ) was a French character actor . He was born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , where his father , a researcher at the Pasteur Institute , was posted at the time .'}]}, {'value': 'Crime', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Morte Saison des Amours', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pierre Kast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Kast', 'summary': 'Pierre Kast ( French : [ kast ] ; 22 September 1920 , Paris - 20 October 1984 , Rome ) was a French screenwriter and film and television director .'}]}, {'value': 'Françoise Arnoul , Daniel Gélin , Françoise Prevost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Françoise_Arnoul', 'summary': "Françoise Arnoul ( born 3 June 1931 ) is a French actress , who achieved popularity during the 1950s . Born Françoise Annette Marie Mathilde Gautsch in Constantine , France ( now Algeria ) , as the daughter of stage actress Janine Henry and artillery general Charles Gautsch , she has two brothers . While her father continued military service in Morocco , the rest of family moved to Paris in 1945 . After learning drama there , she was noticed by director Willy Rozier , who offered her a major role in the film L'Épave ( 1949 ) . Arnoul starred in such films as Henri Verneuil 's Forbidden Fruit ( 1952 ) , Jean Renoir 's French Can-Can ( 1954 ) , Des gens sans importance ( 1956 ) with Jean Gabin , Henri Decoin 's La Chatte ( 1958 ) , Le Chemin des écoliers ( 1959 ) with Bourvil , and Jean Cocteau 's Testament of Orpheus ( 1960 ) . Her American film debut came in Companions of the Night ( 1954 ) . Later in life , she moved into television , appearing in different TV movies and mini-series and also turning to character parts . She published her autobiography entitled Animal doué de bonheur in 1995 . In 1956 , Arnoul was married to publicity agent Georges Cravenne whom she had met two years previously , but they separated in 1960 . From 1964 , she became the companion of French director/scriptwriter Bernard Paul , a relationship which lasted until his death in 1980 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Gélin', 'summary': 'Daniel Yves Alfred Gélin ( 19 May 1921 - 29 November 2002 ) was a French film and television actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Françoise_Prévost_(actress)', 'summary': 'Françoise Prévost ( 13 January 1930 - 30 November 1997 ) was a French actress , journalist and author . She was the daughter of writer Marcelle Auclair . She appeared in more than 70 films between 1949 and 1985 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Notte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Notte', 'summary': "La Notte ( [ la ˈnɔtːe ] ; English : The Night ) is a 1961 Italian drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Marcello Mastroianni , Jeanne Moreau and Monica Vitti ( with Umberto Eco appearing in a cameo ) . Filmed on location in Milan , the film is about a day in the life of an unfaithful married couple and their deteriorating relationship . In 1961 La Notte received the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival ( first time for Italian film ) , as well as the David di Donatello Award for Best Director . La Notte is considered the central film of a trilogy beginning with L'Avventura ( 1960 ) and ending with L'Eclisse ( 1962 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Michelangelo Antonioni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni', 'summary': "Michelangelo Antonioni Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( /ænˌtoʊniˈoʊni/ , Italian : [ mikeˈlandʒelo antoˈnjoːni ] ; 29 September 1912 - 30 July 2007 ) , was an Italian film director , screenwriter , editor , painter , and short story author . He is best known for his trilogy on modernity and its discontents - L'Avventura ( 1960 ) , La Notte ( 1961 ) , and L'Eclisse ( 1962 ) - as well as the English-language films Blowup ( 1966 ) and The Passenger ( 1975 ) . His films have been described as enigmatic and intricate mood pieces that feature elusive plots , striking visuals , and a preoccupation with modern landscapes . His work would substantially influence subsequent art films . Antonioni received numerous awards and nominations throughout his career , including the Cannes Film Festival Jury Prize ( 1960 , 1962 ) , Palme d'Or ( 1966 ) , and 35th Anniversary Prize ( 1982 ) ; the Venice Film Festival Silver Lion ( 1955 ) , Golden Lion ( 1964 ) , FIPRESCI Prize ( 1964 , 1995 ) , and Pietro Bianchi Award ( 1998 ) ; the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon eight times ; and an honorary Academy Award in 1995 . He is one of three directors to have won the Palme d'Or , the Golden Lion and the Golden Bear , and the only director to have won these three and the Golden Leopard ."}]}, {'value': 'Marcello Mastroianni , Jeanne Moreau , Monica Vitti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni', 'summary': "Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni ( Italian pronunciation : [ marˈtʃɛllo mastroˈjanni ] ; 28 September 1924 - 19 December 1996 ) was an Italian film actor . His prominent films include : La Dolce Vita ; 8½ ; La Notte ; Divorce Italian Style ; Yesterday , Today and Tomorrow ; Marriage Italian Style ; The 10th Victim ; A Special Day ; City of Women ; Henry IV ; Dark Eyes ; and Everybody 's Fine . His honours included British Film Academy Awards , Best Actor awards at the Cannes Film Festival and two Golden Globe Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau', 'summary': "Jeanne Moreau ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒan mɔʁo ] ; 23 January 1928 - 31 July 2017 ) was a French actress , singer , screenwriter and director . She won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for Seven Days . Seven Nights ( 1960 ) ( which she shared with Melina Mercouri for her role in Never on Sunday ) , the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress for Viva Maria ! ( 1965 ) , and the César Award for Best Actress for The Old Lady Who Walked in the Sea ( 1992 ) . She was also the recipient of several lifetime awards , including a BAFTA Fellowship in 1996 , Cannes Golden Palm in 2003 and César Award in 2008 . Moreau made her theatrical debut in 1947 , and established herself as one of the leading actresses of the Comédie-Française . She began playing small roles in films in 1949 , with impressive performances in the Fernandel vehicle Meurtres ? ( Three Sinners , 1950 ) and alongside Jean Gabin as a showgirl/gangster 's moll in the film Touchez pas au grisbi ( 1954 ) . She achieved prominence as the star of Elevator to the Gallows ( 1958 ) , directed by Louis Malle , and Jules et Jim ( 1962 ) , directed by François Truffaut . Most prolific during the 1960s , Moreau continued to appear in films into her 80s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Monica_Vitti', 'summary': 'Monica Vitti ( born 3 November 1931 ) is an Italian actress best known for her starring roles in films directed by Michelangelo Antonioni during the early 1960s . After working with Antonioni , Vitti changed focus and began making comedies , working with director Mario Monicelli on many films . She has appeared with Marcello Mastroianni , Richard Harris , Terence Stamp , Michael Caine , and Dirk Bogarde . Vitti won five David di Donatello Awards for Best Actress , seven Italian Golden Globes for Best Actress , the Career Golden Globe , and the Venice Film Festival Career Golden Lion Award .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italian-French co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Last of Mrs. Cheyney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Last_of_Mrs._Cheyney_(1961_film)', 'summary': "The Last of Mrs. Cheyney ( German : Frau Cheneys Ende ) is a 1961 comedy film directed by Franz Josef Wild [ de ] and starring Lilli Palmer , Carlos Thompson and Martin Held . The film was made as a co-production between France , Switzerland and West Germany . It is based on the 1925 play of the same title by the British writer Frederick Lonsdale which has been adapted into films on several occasions . The film 's sets were designed by the art directors Wolf Englert and Bruno Monden ."}]}, {'value': 'Franz Josef Wild [ de ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lilli Palmer , Carlos Thompson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lilli_Palmer', 'summary': 'Lilli Palmer ( born Lilli Marie Peiser ; 24 May 1914 - 27 January 1986 ) was a German actress and writer . After beginning her career in British films in the 1930s , she would later transition to major Hollywood productions , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance in But Not for Me ( 1959 ) . Other notable roles include in the comedy The Pleasure of His Company ( 1961 ) , the Spanish horror film The House That Screamed ( 1969 ) , and in the miniseries Peter the Great ( 1986 ) , which earned her another Golden Globe Award nomination . For her career in European films , Palmer won the Volpi Cup , and the Deutscher Filmpreis three times .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Thompson', 'summary': 'Juan Carlos Mundin-Schaffter , known as Carlos Thompson , ( 7 June 1923 - 10 October 1990 ) was an Argentine actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-production with West Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Last Year at Marienbad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Last_Year_at_Marienbad', 'summary': "L'Année dernière à Marienbad ( released in the US as Last Year at Marienbad and in the UK as Last Year in Marienbad ) is a 1961 French-Italian Left Bank film directed by Alain Resnais from a screenplay by Alain Robbe-Grillet . [ a ] Set in a palace in a park that has been converted into a luxury hotel , it stars Delphine Seyrig and Giorgio Albertazzi as a woman and a man who may have met the year before and may have contemplated or started an affair , with Sacha Pitoëff as a second man who may be the woman 's husband . The characters are unnamed . The film is famous for its enigmatic narrative structure , in which time and space are fluid , with no certainty over what is happening to the characters , what they are remembering , and what they are imagining . Its dreamlike nature has both fascinated and baffled viewers ; many have hailed the work as a masterpiece , although others have found it incomprehensible ."}]}, {'value': 'Alain Resnais', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alain_Resnais', 'summary': 'Alain Resnais ( French : [ alɛ̃ ʁɛnɛ ] ; 3 June 1922 - 1 March 2014 ) was a French film director and screenwriter whose career extended over more than six decades . After training as a film editor in the mid-1940s , he went on to direct a number of short films which included Night and Fog ( 1956 ) , an influential documentary about the Nazi concentration camps . Resnais began making feature films in the late 1950s and consolidated his early reputation with Hiroshima mon amour ( 1959 ) , Last Year at Marienbad ( 1961 ) , and Muriel ( 1963 ) , all of which adopted unconventional narrative techniques to deal with themes of troubled memory and the imagined past . These films were contemporary with , and associated with , the French New Wave ( la nouvelle vague ) , though Resnais did not regard himself as being fully part of that movement . He had closer links to the Left Bank group of authors and filmmakers who shared a commitment to modernism and an interest in left-wing politics . He also established a regular practice of working on his films in collaboration with writers previously unconnected with the cinema such as Jean Cayrol , Marguerite Duras , Alain Robbe-Grillet , Jorge Semprún and Jacques Sternberg . In later films , Resnais moved away from the overtly political topics of some previous works and developed his interests in an interaction between cinema and other cultural forms , including theatre , music , and comic books . This led to imaginative adaptations of plays by Alan Ayckbourn , Henri Bernstein and Jean Anouilh , as well as films featuring various kinds of popular song . His films frequently explore the relationship between consciousness , memory , and the imagination , and he was noted for devising innovative formal structures for his narratives . Throughout his career , he won many awards from international film festivals and academies .'}]}, {'value': 'Delphine Seyrig , Giorgio Albertazzi , Sacha Pitoeff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delphine_Seyrig', 'summary': 'Delphine Claire Beltiane Seyrig ( French : [ sɛʁiɡ ] ; 10 April 1932 - 15 October 1990 ) was a Lebanese-born French stage and film actress , a film director and a feminist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Giorgio_Albertazzi', 'summary': 'Giorgio Albertazzi ( 20 August 1923 - 28 May 2016 ) was an Italian actor and film director .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sacha_Pitoeff', 'summary': "Sacha Pitoëff ( 11 March 1920 - 21 July 1990 ) was a Swiss film actor and theatre director . Born in Geneva , Switzerland , the son of Georges and Ludmilla Pitoëff , Sacha Pitoëff played his first film role in 1952 . Appearing in over 50 films , he is probably best known for his performance in Alain Resnais 's enigmatic Last Year at Marienbad ( 1960 ) , as a character known simply as M. He was also featured in roles of various sizes in such films as René Clément 's Is Paris Burning ? ( 1967 ) and Jacques Demy 's Donkey Skin ( 1970 ) . Toward the end of his career , he began appearing in horror films , including Dario Argento 's Inferno ( 1980 ) and the low budget Patrick Still Lives ( 1980 ) . His height , face and hands suggest he may have Marfan 's Syndrome ."}]}, {'value': 'Avant-garde', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Goût de la Violence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Hossein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Hossein', 'summary': "Robert Hossein ( born 30 December 1927 ) is a French film actor , director , and writer . He directed the 1982 adaptation of Les Misérables , and appeared in Vice and Virtue , Le Casse , Les Uns et les Autres and Venus Beauty Institute . His other roles include Michèle Mercier 's husband in the Angélique series , a gunfighter in the Spaghetti Western Cemetery Without Crosses ( which he also directed and co-wrote ) , and a Catholic priest who falls in love with Claude Jade and becomes a communist in Forbidden Priests ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert Hossein , Giovanna Ralli , Mario Adorf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Hossein', 'summary': "Robert Hossein ( born 30 December 1927 ) is a French film actor , director , and writer . He directed the 1982 adaptation of Les Misérables , and appeared in Vice and Virtue , Le Casse , Les Uns et les Autres and Venus Beauty Institute . His other roles include Michèle Mercier 's husband in the Angélique series , a gunfighter in the Spaghetti Western Cemetery Without Crosses ( which he also directed and co-wrote ) , and a Catholic priest who falls in love with Claude Jade and becomes a communist in Forbidden Priests ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Giovanna_Ralli', 'summary': 'Giovanna Ralli ( born 2 January 1935 ) is an Italian stage , film and television actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario_Adorf', 'summary': 'Mario Adorf ( born 8 September 1930 ) is a German actor , considered to be one of the great veteran character actors of European cinema . Since 1954 , he has played both leading and supporting roles in over 200 film and television productions , among them the 1979 Oscar-winning film The Tin Drum . He is also the author of several successful mostly autobiographical books .'}]}, {'value': 'Western', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-West German-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Miracle des loups', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Miracle_des_loups_(1961_film)', 'summary': 'Le Miracle des loups ( English : The Miracle of the Wolves ) , aka Blood on his Sword , is a French / Italian swashbuckler film from 1961 , directed by André Hunebelle , written by Henry Dupuis-Mazuel , starring Jean Marais . The scenario was based on a novel by Maria Luisa Linarès . The film was known under the title Im Zeichen der Lilie ( West Germany ) , Blood on His Sword or The Miracle of the Wolves ( USA ) . Numerous scenes were filmed at the Cité de Carcassonne .'}]}, {'value': 'André Hunebelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/André_Hunebelle', 'summary': 'André Hunebelle was a French maître verrier ( master glassmaker ) and film director . He was born on 1 September 1896 in Meudon ( Hauts-de-Seine ) , and died on 27 November 1985 in Nice ( Alpes-Maritimes ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean Marais , Rosanna Schiaffino , Roger Hanin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Marais', 'summary': 'Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais ( French : [ ʒɑ̃ maʁɛ ] ; 11 December 1913 - 8 November 1998 ) , known professionally as Jean Marais , was a French actor , writer , director and sculptor . He performed in over 100 films and was the muse of acclaimed director Jean Cocteau . In 1996 , he was awarded the French Legion of Honor for his contributions to French Cinema .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rosanna_Schiaffino', 'summary': 'Rosanna Schiaffino ( 25 November 1939 - 17 October 2009 ) was an Italian film actress . She appeared on the covers of Italian , German , French , British and American magazines .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roger_Hanin', 'summary': 'Roger Hanin ( born Roger Levy , 20 October 1925 - 11 February 2015 ) was a French actor and film director , best known for playing the title role in the 1989-2006 TV police drama , Navarro .'}]}, {'value': 'Historical film', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Léon Morin , Priest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Léon_Morin,_Priest', 'summary': 'Léon Morin , Priest ( French : Léon Morin , prêtre ) is a 1961 film directed and scripted by Jean-Pierre Melville , and starring Jean-Paul Belmondo and Emmanuelle Riva . Belmondo was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor . It is based on the 1952 Prix Goncourt-winning novel The Passionate Heart ( French : Léon Morin , prêtre ) by Béatrix Beck .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean-Pierre Melville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Melville', 'summary': 'Jean-Pierre Melville ( French : [ mɛlvil ] ; born Jean-Pierre Grumbach ; 20 October 1917 - 2 August 1973 ) was a French filmmaker . While with the French Resistance during World War II , he adopted the nom de guerre Melville as a tribute to his favorite American author , Herman Melville . He kept it as his stage name once the war was over . Spiritual father of the French New Wave , he influenced the new generation of filmmakers in Asia ( John Woo , Ringo Lam , Johnnie To , Takeshi Kitano ) , in Europe ( Aki Kaurismäki , Rainer Werner Fassbinder ) , and in America ( Michael Mann , Walter Hill , Quentin Tarantino , William Friedkin , Jim Jarmusch ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean-Paul Belmondo , Emmanuelle Riva , Irène Tunc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo', 'summary': 'Jean-Paul Belmondo ( French : [ ʒɑ̃pɔl bɛlmɔ̃do ] ; born 9 April 1933 ) is a French actor initially associated with the New Wave of the 1960s and one of the biggest French film stars of the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s . His best known credits include Breathless ( 1960 ) and That Man from Rio ( 1964 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Emmanuelle_Riva', 'summary': "Emmanuelle Riva ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ɛmanɥɛl ʁiva ] ; 24 February 1927 - 27 January 2017 ) was a French actress , best known for her roles in the films Hiroshima mon amour ( 1959 ) and Amour ( 2012 ) . Riva was nominated for a BAFTA Award for her role in Hiroshima mon amour , and won Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival for Thérèse Desqueyroux ( 1962 ) . For her lead role in Michael Haneke 's Amour , she won a BAFTA Award and the César Award , and was nominated for an Academy Award ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Irène_Tunc', 'summary': 'Irène Tunc ( 25 September 1935 - 16 January 1972 ) was a French actress and model . She was crowned Miss France in 1954 . She was the wife of film director Alain Cavalier and she died in a car crash in 1972 . She appeared in 35 films and television shows between 1955 and 1971 .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-Italian co-production', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Cinema ofFrance 1892–1909 1910s 1910 1911 1912 1913 19141915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920s 1920 1921 1922 1923 19241925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930s 1930 1931 1932 1933 19341935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940s 1940 1941 1942 1943 19441945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 20142015 2016 2017 2018 2019 vte A list of films produced in France in 1961 .', 'uid': 'List_of_French_films_of_1961_0', 'intro': 'A list of films produced in France in 1961.'} | null | null | Which drama film did the director win a Silver Prize for best director at the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival ? | Enclosure |
0b89df269ccbdef0 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Indonesia_Super_League', 'title': '2014 Indonesia Super League', 'header': ['Player', 'Nationality', 'For', 'Result', 'Against', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ilija Spasojević', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ilija_Spasojević', 'summary': 'Ilija Spasojević ( born 11 September 1987 ) , is a Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a striker for Liga 1 club Bali United and the Indonesia national team . Spasojević is known for his goalscoring ability . During his senior career he scored 180 goals in 344 official matches and earned himself a nickname Spasogoal .'}]}, {'value': 'Montenegro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montenegro', 'summary': "Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɪˈneɪɡroʊ , -ˈniːɡroʊ , -ˈnɛɡroʊ/ ( listen ) ; Montenegrin : Црна Гора , romanized : Crna Gora , [ tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡǒra ] ) is a country of South and Southeast Europe on the coast of the Balkans . It borders Bosnia-Herzegovina to the northwest , Serbia to the northeast , Kosovo [ a ] to the east , Albania to the southeast , the Adriatic Sea to the southwest , and Croatia to the west . Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 620,079 ( 2011 census ) . Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country . Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital . During the Early Medieval period , three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro : Duklja , roughly corresponding to the southern half ; Travunia , the west ; and Rascia proper , the north . In 1042 , archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty . After being ruled by the Nemanjić dynasty for two centuries , the independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries , ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421 , and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498 , when the name Montenegro started being used for the country . After falling under Ottoman rule , Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš , first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops , before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852 . Montenegro 's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 , following the Montenegrin-Ottoman War . In 1905 , the country became a kingdom . After World War I , it became part of Yugoslavia ."}]}, {'value': 'Putra Samarinda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Putra_Samarinda_F.C.', 'summary': 'Putra Samarinda Football Club , is an Indonesian football club located in Samarinda , East Kalimantan . Nicknamed Pesut Mahakam , they won Liga Indonesia Premier Division titles in 2008-09 season .'}]}, {'value': '5-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perseru Serui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perseru_Serui', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepakbola Serui , commonly known as Perseru Serui , or Perseru , was an Indonesian football club based in Yapen Islands Regency , Papua . Their nickname is The Orange Cendrawasih . The traditional team home kit is black and orange striped shirt , similar to Hull City or Shakhtar Donetsk . They play in the Liga 1 in the Indonesian Football League . Their home stadium is Marora Stadium .'}]}, {'value': '9 February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bijahil Chalwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bijahil_Chalwa', 'summary': 'Bijahil Chalwa ( born 30 November 1990 ) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays as a forward for Sulut United in the Liga 2 .'}]}, {'value': 'Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indonesia', 'summary': "Indonesia ( /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) IN-də-NEE-zhə ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia [ reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia ] ( listen ) ) , [ a ] is a country in Southeast Asia , between the Indian and Pacific oceans . It is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands , and at 1,904,569 square kilometres ( 735,358 square miles ) , the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area . With over 267 million people , it is the world 's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . Java , the world 's most populous island , is home to more than half of the country 's population . The country 's capital , Jakarta , is the second-most populous urban area in the world . The sovereign state is a presidential , constitutional republic with an elected legislature . It has 34 provinces , of which five have special status . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , coal , tin , copper , gold , and nickel , while agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices , and rubber . China , the United States , Japan , Singapore , and India are Indonesia 's major trading partners ."}]}, {'value': 'Persela Lamongan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persela_Lamongan', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepakbola Lamongan , or commonly known as Persela , is an Indonesian football club based in Lamongan , East Java . Currently the club plays in Liga 1 , the top-flight football league in the country .'}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Persebaya ISL ( Bhayangkara )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhayangkara_F.C.', 'summary': 'Bhayangkara Football Club , is an Indonesian professional football club based in Jakarta , Indonesia . They currently compete in the Liga 1 .'}]}, {'value': '10 February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Herman Dzumafo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herman_Dzumafo_Epandi', 'summary': 'Herman Dzumafo Epandi ( born 21 February 1980 ) is a professional footballer who currently plays as a striker for Bhayangkara in the Liga 1 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cameroon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameroon', 'summary': "Cameroon ( /ˌkæməˈruːn/ ( listen ) ; French : Cameroun ) , officially the Republic of Cameroon ( French : République du Cameroun ) , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south . Cameroon 's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra , part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean . Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state , it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history . The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa . Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people . The official languages of the country are English and French . Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest . Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ( Shrimp River ) , which became Cameroon in English . Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century , and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms . Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun . After World War I , the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates ."}]}, {'value': 'Mitra Kukar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mitra_Kukar_F.C.', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepakbola Mitra Kukar is an Indonesian association football club based in Tenggarong , Kutai Kartanegara , East Kalimantan . They currently compete in the Liga 2 .'}]}, {'value': '5-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Persela Lamongan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persela_Lamongan', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepakbola Lamongan , or commonly known as Persela , is an Indonesian football club based in Lamongan , East Java . Currently the club plays in Liga 1 , the top-flight football league in the country .'}]}, {'value': '20 February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Srđan Lopičić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Srđan_Lopičić', 'summary': 'Srđan Lopičić ( born 23 November 1983 ) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who currently plays as a attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'Montenegro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montenegro', 'summary': "Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɪˈneɪɡroʊ , -ˈniːɡroʊ , -ˈnɛɡroʊ/ ( listen ) ; Montenegrin : Црна Гора , romanized : Crna Gora , [ tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡǒra ] ) is a country of South and Southeast Europe on the coast of the Balkans . It borders Bosnia-Herzegovina to the northwest , Serbia to the northeast , Kosovo [ a ] to the east , Albania to the southeast , the Adriatic Sea to the southwest , and Croatia to the west . Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 620,079 ( 2011 census ) . Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country . Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital . During the Early Medieval period , three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro : Duklja , roughly corresponding to the southern half ; Travunia , the west ; and Rascia proper , the north . In 1042 , archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty . After being ruled by the Nemanjić dynasty for two centuries , the independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries , ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421 , and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498 , when the name Montenegro started being used for the country . After falling under Ottoman rule , Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš , first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops , before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852 . Montenegro 's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 , following the Montenegrin-Ottoman War . In 1905 , the country became a kingdom . After World War I , it became part of Yugoslavia ."}]}, {'value': 'Persela Lamongan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persela_Lamongan', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepakbola Lamongan , or commonly known as Persela , is an Indonesian football club based in Lamongan , East Java . Currently the club plays in Liga 1 , the top-flight football league in the country .'}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madura United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madura_United', 'summary': 'Madura United Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club . The club is based in Pamekasan , Madura , East Java . They currently play in the Liga 1 . Established in 10 January 2016 , Madura United FC is one of few professional clubs that succeeded in obtaining a license from AFC ( Asian Football Confederation ) for two years in a row . Madura United FC currently plays in two stadiums ; Gelora Madura Stadium and Gelora Bangkalan Stadium .'}]}, {'value': '10 March 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pacho Kenmogne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmanuel_Kenmogne', 'summary': 'Emmanuel Kenmogne ( born September 2 , 1980 ) is a Belgian-Cameroonian football striker who lastly played for Persija Jakarta . He previously played for Malaysia Super League side , Kelantan FA .'}]}, {'value': 'Cameroon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameroon', 'summary': "Cameroon ( /ˌkæməˈruːn/ ( listen ) ; French : Cameroun ) , officially the Republic of Cameroon ( French : République du Cameroun ) , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south . Cameroon 's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra , part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean . Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state , it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history . The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa . Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people . The official languages of the country are English and French . Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest . Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ( Shrimp River ) , which became Cameroon in English . Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century , and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms . Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun . After World War I , the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates ."}]}, {'value': 'Persebaya ISL ( Bhayangkara )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhayangkara_F.C.', 'summary': 'Bhayangkara Football Club , is an Indonesian professional football club based in Jakarta , Indonesia . They currently compete in the Liga 1 .'}]}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madura United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madura_United', 'summary': 'Madura United Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club . The club is based in Pamekasan , Madura , East Java . They currently play in the Liga 1 . Established in 10 January 2016 , Madura United FC is one of few professional clubs that succeeded in obtaining a license from AFC ( Asian Football Confederation ) for two years in a row . Madura United FC currently plays in two stadiums ; Gelora Madura Stadium and Gelora Bangkalan Stadium .'}]}, {'value': '14 March 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boaz Solossa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boaz_Solossa', 'summary': 'Boaz Theofilius Erwin Solossa ( born 16 March 1986 ) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays for Liga 1 club Persipura Jayapura and the Indonesia national team . He is known for his high leveled dribbling technique , his shooting accuracy , and left-foot passing . In 2011 , Boaz received an offer to play at the Dutch club VVV-Venlo , but rejected the offer and remains with Persipura in Jayapura . In 2017 he was chosen as the first Indonesian footballer to be entered the list of 50 Asian best footballers by fourfourtwo magazine .'}]}, {'value': 'Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indonesia', 'summary': "Indonesia ( /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) IN-də-NEE-zhə ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia [ reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia ] ( listen ) ) , [ a ] is a country in Southeast Asia , between the Indian and Pacific oceans . It is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands , and at 1,904,569 square kilometres ( 735,358 square miles ) , the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area . With over 267 million people , it is the world 's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . Java , the world 's most populous island , is home to more than half of the country 's population . The country 's capital , Jakarta , is the second-most populous urban area in the world . The sovereign state is a presidential , constitutional republic with an elected legislature . It has 34 provinces , of which five have special status . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , coal , tin , copper , gold , and nickel , while agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices , and rubber . China , the United States , Japan , Singapore , and India are Indonesia 's major trading partners ."}]}, {'value': 'Persipura Jayapura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persipura_Jayapura', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jayapura , or Persipura , is an Indonesian football club based in Jayapura , Papua . The club was founded in 1963 and currently competes in the Liga 1 . Persipura plays their home matches in Mandala Stadium . Persipura is one of the giants of modern football in Indonesia with various league and tournament titles . Persipura is also known as the producer of great footballers from the land of Papua such as Rully Nere , Jack Komboy , Eduard Ivakdalam , Boaz Solossa , Ian Louis Kabes and Imanuel Wanggai . They are known for playing style relying on the abilities of individual players .'}]}, {'value': '5-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Persiba Bantul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persiba_Bantul', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepak Bola Indonesia Bantul , commonly known as Persiba Bantul , is a semi-professional Indonesian football club based in Bantul , Yogyakarta . They currently compete in the Liga 3 .'}]}, {'value': '2 May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samsul Arif', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samsul_Arif', 'summary': 'Samsul Arif Munip ( born January 14 , 1986 ) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays for Persita Tangerang in the Liga 1 . He made his debut for Indonesia national football team in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification against Iran on November 15 , 2011 and gave one assist on the match .'}]}, {'value': 'Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indonesia', 'summary': "Indonesia ( /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) IN-də-NEE-zhə ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia [ reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia ] ( listen ) ) , [ a ] is a country in Southeast Asia , between the Indian and Pacific oceans . It is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands , and at 1,904,569 square kilometres ( 735,358 square miles ) , the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area . With over 267 million people , it is the world 's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . Java , the world 's most populous island , is home to more than half of the country 's population . The country 's capital , Jakarta , is the second-most populous urban area in the world . The sovereign state is a presidential , constitutional republic with an elected legislature . It has 34 provinces , of which five have special status . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , coal , tin , copper , gold , and nickel , while agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices , and rubber . China , the United States , Japan , Singapore , and India are Indonesia 's major trading partners ."}]}, {'value': 'Arema Cronus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arema_Cronus_F.C.', 'summary': "Arema Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club based in Malang , Jawa Timur . The club plays in the Liga 1 . Arema 's nickname is Singo Edan ( The Mad Lions ) ."}]}, {'value': '5-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gresik United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gresik_United', 'summary': 'Gresik United Football Club , commonly known as GUFC is an Indonesian football club based in Gresik , East Java . Having relegated from Liga 2 , They currently play in Liga 3 .'}]}, {'value': '8 May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greg Nwokolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Nwokolo', 'summary': 'Gregory Junior Nwokolo ( born 3 January 1986 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Madura United in the Liga 1 and the Indonesia national team . Born in Nigeria , Greg represents Indonesia internationally .'}]}, {'value': 'Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indonesia', 'summary': "Indonesia ( /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) IN-də-NEE-zhə ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia [ reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia ] ( listen ) ) , [ a ] is a country in Southeast Asia , between the Indian and Pacific oceans . It is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands , and at 1,904,569 square kilometres ( 735,358 square miles ) , the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area . With over 267 million people , it is the world 's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . Java , the world 's most populous island , is home to more than half of the country 's population . The country 's capital , Jakarta , is the second-most populous urban area in the world . The sovereign state is a presidential , constitutional republic with an elected legislature . It has 34 provinces , of which five have special status . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , coal , tin , copper , gold , and nickel , while agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices , and rubber . China , the United States , Japan , Singapore , and India are Indonesia 's major trading partners ."}]}, {'value': 'Persebaya ISL ( Bhayangkara )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhayangkara_F.C.', 'summary': 'Bhayangkara Football Club , is an Indonesian professional football club based in Jakarta , Indonesia . They currently compete in the Liga 1 .'}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Persiba Balikpapan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persiba_Balikpapan', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Balikpapan , commonly known as Persiba Balikpapan , is an Indonesian football club based in Balikpapan , East Kalimantan . Nicknamed Beruang Madu ( The Sun Bear ) , taken from the city mascot of Balikpapan , the club was founded in 1950 and play their home games in the 40,000-capacity Batakan Stadium . In media , the tautology is often used and to distinguish the club with another club with the same acronym , Persiba Bantul . Another nickname given is Selicin Minyak ( slippery as oil ) because Balikpapan is the center for oil and gas industry of Indonesia . Persiba plays in the Liga 2 , second caste football competition in Indonesia .'}]}, {'value': '8 June 2014', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Season statistics -- Hat-tricks', 'section_text': 'Main article : List of Indonesia Super League hat-tricks', 'uid': '2014_Indonesia_Super_League_2', 'intro': 'The 2014 Indonesia Super League season is the sixth season of the Indonesia Super League (ISL), a fully professional football competition as the top tier of the football league pyramid in Indonesia. The season is scheduled to begin on January 2014, but in the end PSSI decided that the competition will begin on 1 February 2014 and possibly ends on 7 November 2014. Competition schedule was released on 17 January 2014 by PT Liga Indonesia in Jakarta. Persipura are the defending champions, having won their fourth league title in 2013. This season saw the merging of the two professional leagues in Indonesia - Indonesian Premier League (IPL) and Indonesian Super League (ISL) - after the two competitions had run since 2011. It was decided that only four teams from the Premier League would join the new Super League. The 22 clubs will be divided into two groups (regions) so each group contains eleven participating teams, this is due to the many political agenda in Indonesia in 2014 such as the parliamentary election on 9 April 2014 and the Presidential election on 9 July 2014.'} | null | null | A club founded in 1963 played against what semi-professional team based in Yogyakarta ? | Persiba Bantul |
0b8a7b8c52fe1294 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Greater_Western_Sydney', 'title': 'List of schools in Greater Western Sydney', 'header': ['Name', 'Suburb/town', 'LGA', 'Opened', 'Closed'], 'data': [{'value': 'Agnes Banks Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agnes Banks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agnes_Banks,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Agnes Banks is a suburb of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Agnes Banks is 68 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district , in the local government areas of the City of Penrith and City of Hawkesbury . It is part of the Greater Western Sydney region . Agnes Banks is connected to Penrith by Castlereagh Road which runs alongside the Nepean River between Richmond and Penrith . Natural woodlands and sandy deposits make up the higher landscape of this suburb . Agnes Banks is a rural outpost of the City of Penrith which has kept its intrinsic agricultural value and rural lifestyle .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawkesbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Hawkesbury', 'summary': 'The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area of New South Wales , Australia , part of which is at the fringe of the Sydney metropolitan area , about 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) north-west of the Sydney central business district . Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River . The Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr . Barry Calvert , a member of the Australian Labor Party , and the first Labor Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury .'}]}, {'value': '1875', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bankstown Boys High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bankstown_Boys_High_School', 'summary': 'Bankstown Senior College , previously known as Bankstown Boys High school , is a coeducational senior college located in the suburb of Bankstown , in the City of Bankstown , New South Wales , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Bankstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bankstown,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Bankstown is a suburb south west of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . It is 16 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is located in the local government area of Canterbury-Bankstown Council , having previously been the administrive centre of the City of Bankstown prior to 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bankstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Bankstown', 'summary': "The City of Bankstown was a local government area in the south-west region of Sydney , Australia , centred on the suburb of Bankstown . In 2006 , the NSW government released a planning strategy for Metropolitan Sydney , known as the City of Cities plan for Sydney . The plan identified Bankstown as a 'major centre ' for the south west Sydney region . Bankstown Airport was also identified as a 'specialist centre ' and the Hume Highway as part of a potential transport corridor . Under the most recent Draft Metropolitan Strategy for Sydney released in 2013 , the NSW Government has reaffirmed Bankstown as a major centre , and Bankstown Airport as a specialised centre . The last Mayor of the City of Bankstown Council was Clr Khal Asfour , a member of the Labor Party . A 2015 review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal recommended that the City of Bankstown merge with the City of Canterbury to form a new council with an area of 110 square kilometres ( 42 sq mi ) and support a population of approximately 351,000 . On 12 May 2016 , the NSW Government announced that Bankstown would merge with neighbour City of Canterbury to be known as Canterbury-Bankstown Council ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baulkham Hills Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baulkham Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baulkham_Hills,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Baulkham Hills /bɔːˈkʌm/ is a suburb of Greater Western Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . It is 31 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district within the local government area of The Hills Shire , with a small portion south of the M2 Motorway in the City of Parramatta . Baulkham Hills is the administrative seat of The Hills Shire , an outer metropolitan shire within Greater Sydney . The suburb is also the most populous within the Hills Shire . It is known colloquially as Baulko .'}]}, {'value': 'The Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hills_Shire', 'summary': "The Hills Shire ( from 1906-2008 as Baulkham Hills Shire ) is a local government area in the Greater Western Sydney region of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . The suburb is north-west of the Sydney central business district , and encompasses 401 square kilometres ( 155 sq mi ) stretching from the M2 Hills Motorway in the south to Wiseman 's Ferry on the Hawkesbury River in the north . The Hills Shire had a population of 157,243 as at the 2016 census . The current Mayor of The Hills Shire is Cr . Michelle Byrne ( Liberal ) , who was elected on 9 September 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '1868', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bensley Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Macquarie Fields', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macquarie_Fields,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Macquarie Fields is a suburb of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Macquarie Fields is located 38 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district , in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region . Macquarie Fields is surrounded by bushland . Nearby Macquarie Links , is a high-security housing estate beside an international standard golf course . The suburb has multiple high schools including Macquarie Fields High School and James Meehan High School .'}]}, {'value': 'Campbelltown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Campbelltown_(New_South_Wales)', 'summary': 'The City of Campbelltown is a local government area in the Macarthur region of south-western Sydney , in New South Wales , Australia . The area is located about 55 kilometres ( 34 mi ) south west of the Sydney central business district and comprises 312 square kilometres ( 120 sq mi ) . The Mayor of the City of Campbelltown for 2016-18 is Cr . George Brticevic , a member of the Labor Party .'}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blacktown High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blacktown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blacktown,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Blacktown is a suburb in the City of Blacktown , in Greater Western Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Blacktown is located 34 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district . Blacktown is the largest of any township in New South Wales and is one of the most multicultural places within Greater Sydney . There have been discussions about changing the name of the City to Western Sydney City due to the belief that the name Blacktown is racist . However , this was voted against and the name has remained Blacktown .'}]}, {'value': 'Blacktown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Blacktown', 'summary': 'Blacktown City Council is a local government area in Western Sydney , situated on the Cumberland Plain , approximately 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) west of the Sydney central business district , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1906 as the Blacktown Shire and becoming the Municipality of Blacktown in 1961 before gaining city status in 1979 , the City occupies an area of 246.9 square kilometres ( 95.3 sq mi ) and had a population of 336,962 as at the 2016 census , making it the second most populous LGA in Sydney . The Mayor of the Blacktown City Council is Cr . Tony Bleasdale OAM a member of the Australian Labor Party .'}]}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blacktown Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blacktown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blacktown,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Blacktown is a suburb in the City of Blacktown , in Greater Western Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Blacktown is located 34 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district . Blacktown is the largest of any township in New South Wales and is one of the most multicultural places within Greater Sydney . There have been discussions about changing the name of the City to Western Sydney City due to the belief that the name Blacktown is racist . However , this was voted against and the name has remained Blacktown .'}]}, {'value': 'Blacktown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Blacktown', 'summary': 'Blacktown City Council is a local government area in Western Sydney , situated on the Cumberland Plain , approximately 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) west of the Sydney central business district , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1906 as the Blacktown Shire and becoming the Municipality of Blacktown in 1961 before gaining city status in 1979 , the City occupies an area of 246.9 square kilometres ( 95.3 sq mi ) and had a population of 336,962 as at the 2016 census , making it the second most populous LGA in Sydney . The Mayor of the Blacktown City Council is Cr . Tony Bleasdale OAM a member of the Australian Labor Party .'}]}, {'value': '1871', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blaxlands Ridge Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blaxlands Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blaxlands_Ridge,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Blaxlands Ridge is a suburb near Richmond , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . It is located in the City of Hawkesbury north of East Kurrajong .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawkesbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Hawkesbury', 'summary': 'The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area of New South Wales , Australia , part of which is at the fringe of the Sydney metropolitan area , about 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) north-west of the Sydney central business district . Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River . The Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr . Barry Calvert , a member of the Australian Labor Party , and the first Labor Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury .'}]}, {'value': '1892', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Camden Park Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Camden Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camden_Park,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Camden Park is just outside the metropolitan area of Sydney , Australia . It was named after John Macarthur 's estate Camden Park . While most of the suburb is farmland in Wollondilly Shire , the northern part of Camden Park has recently undergone suburban development as an extension of the suburb of Camden South . Camden South is in the Camden Council area and is part of Greater Sydney . The new development is named Bridgewater Estate and features a comprehensive Development Control Plan to guide the style outcomes of the locality ."}]}, {'value': 'Camden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camden_Council_(New_South_Wales)', 'summary': 'Camden Council is a local government area in the Macarthur region of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The area is located south west of the Sydney central business district and comprises 201 square kilometres ( 78 sq mi ) with an estimated population at the 2016 census of 78,218 . The Mayor of Camden is Cr . Theresa Fedeli , a member of the Liberal Party .'}]}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1887', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Campbelltown South Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Campbelltown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campbelltown,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Campbelltown is a town located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It is located in Greater Western Sydney 42 kilometres ( 26 mi ) south-west of the Sydney central business district . Campbelltown is the administrative seat of the local government area of the City of Campbelltown . It is also acknowledged on the register of the Geographical Names Board of New South Wales as one of only four cities within the Sydney metropolitan area . Campbelltown gets its name from Elizabeth Campbell , the wife of former Governor of New South Wales Lachlan Macquarie . Originally called Campbell-Town , the name was later simplified to the current Campbelltown .'}]}, {'value': 'Campbelltown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Campbelltown_(New_South_Wales)', 'summary': 'The City of Campbelltown is a local government area in the Macarthur region of south-western Sydney , in New South Wales , Australia . The area is located about 55 kilometres ( 34 mi ) south west of the Sydney central business district and comprises 312 square kilometres ( 120 sq mi ) . The Mayor of the City of Campbelltown for 2016-18 is Cr . George Brticevic , a member of the Labor Party .'}]}, {'value': '1914', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castlereagh Upper Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upper Castlereagh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Penrith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Penrith', 'summary': "The City of Penrith is a local government area in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The seat of the city is located in Penrith , located about 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) west of Sydney 's central business district.It occupies part of the traditional lands of the Darug people . First incorporated as a municipality on 12 May 1871 , on 1 January 1949 , the municipalities of Penrith , St Marys and Castlereagh and part of the Nepean Shire amalgamated to form a new Municipality of Penrith . Penrith was declared a City on 21 October 1959 , and expanded westwards to include Emu Plains and Emu Heights , formerly part of the City of Blue Mountains , on 25 October 1963 . As at the 2016 census the City of Penrith had an estimated population of 196,066 . The Mayor of the City of Penrith is Cr . Ross Fowler , a member of the Liberal Party ."}]}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colo Central Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Central Colo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Colo,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Central Colo is a locality of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . It is located in the City of Hawkesbury west of Colo and to the south of the Colo River near its confluence with the Hawkesbury River . Central Colo was counted as part of Mountain Lagoon at the 2016 census , which had a population of 327 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawkesbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Hawkesbury', 'summary': 'The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area of New South Wales , Australia , part of which is at the fringe of the Sydney metropolitan area , about 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) north-west of the Sydney central business district . Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River . The Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr . Barry Calvert , a member of the Australian Labor Party , and the first Labor Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury .'}]}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1934', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colo Upper Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upper Colo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Colo,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Upper Colo is a locality of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . It is located in the City of Hawkesbury west of Colo and south of Colo Heights , on the Colo River , a tributary of the Hawkesbury River . It was previously known as Colo Upper . Upper Colo was counted as part of Mountain Lagoon at the 2011 census , which had a population of 327 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawkesbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Hawkesbury', 'summary': 'The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area of New South Wales , Australia , part of which is at the fringe of the Sydney metropolitan area , about 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) north-west of the Sydney central business district . Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River . The Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr . Barry Calvert , a member of the Australian Labor Party , and the first Labor Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury .'}]}, {'value': '1907', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dundas Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dundas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dundas,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Dundas is a suburb of the Northern Suburbs District in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . Dundas is located 21 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district , in the local government area of the City of Parramatta and the electoral division of Bennelong . Dundas is a leafy green suburb , notably due to its centrepiece The Ponds Walk , which follows the Ponds Subiaco Creek .'}]}, {'value': 'Parramatta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Parramatta', 'summary': 'The City of Parramatta Council , is a local government area located west of central Sydney in the Greater Western Sydney region . Parramatta Council is situated between the City of Ryde and Cumberland Council , where the Cumberland Plain meets the Hornsby Plateau , approximately 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) west of the Sydney central business district , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The City occupies an area of 84 square kilometres ( 32 sq mi ) and as at the 2016 census had an estimated population of 226,149 . The City houses the Parramatta central business district which is one of the key suburban employment destinations for the region of Greater Western Sydney . The Lord Mayor of the City of Parramatta Council since 23 September 2019 is The Right Worshipful Bob Dwyer , a member of the Liberal Party .'}]}, {'value': '1869', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erskine Park Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erskine Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erskine_Park,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Erskine Park is a suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Erskine Park is located 42 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district , in the local government area of the City of Penrith and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region . Erskine Park is a growing , predominately residential suburb with some industrial developments . The suburb has a high school , primary school and some local shops . It has two schools , Erskine Park High School and James Erskine Public School .'}]}, {'value': 'Penrith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Penrith', 'summary': "The City of Penrith is a local government area in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The seat of the city is located in Penrith , located about 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) west of Sydney 's central business district.It occupies part of the traditional lands of the Darug people . First incorporated as a municipality on 12 May 1871 , on 1 January 1949 , the municipalities of Penrith , St Marys and Castlereagh and part of the Nepean Shire amalgamated to form a new Municipality of Penrith . Penrith was declared a City on 21 October 1959 , and expanded westwards to include Emu Plains and Emu Heights , formerly part of the City of Blue Mountains , on 25 October 1963 . As at the 2016 census the City of Penrith had an estimated population of 196,066 . The Mayor of the City of Penrith is Cr . Ross Fowler , a member of the Liberal Party ."}]}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairfield Boys High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairfield,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Fairfield is a western suburb of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Being in the centre of the Cumberland Plain , Fairfield is located 23 kilometres ( 14 mi ) west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the City of Fairfield - Although a very small portion of it is part of the Cumberland Council . Fairfield supports a mixture of commercial and residential developments , mostly characterised by medium-density buildings and some new high-rise apartments . Fairfield is one of the most multicultural and culturally diverse cities in Australia , with more than half of the residents having been born overseas , mostly in non-English speaking countries . The majority of the suburb 's dwellers speak a language other than English at home , with the two most common ones being Arabic and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic . Fairfield is an ethnic enclave of Assyrian Christians ( mostly from Iraq , and much recently Syria ) and other Iraqis of various religious and ethnic origins ."}]}, {'value': 'Fairfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Fairfield', 'summary': "The City of Fairfield is a local government area in the west of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The council was first incorporated as the Municipal District of Smithfield and Fairfield on 8 December 1888 , and the council 's name was changed to the Municipality of Fairfield in 1920 , before being proclaimed a city in 1979 . The City of Fairfield comprises an area of 102 square kilometres ( 39 sq mi ) and as of the 2016 census had a population of 198,817 . The Mayor of the City of Fairfield is Cr . Frank Carbone , the first popularly-elected independent mayor of Fairfield . Fairfield is considered one of the most ethnically diverse suburbs in Australia . At the 2016 census , the proportion of residents in the Fairfield local government area who stated their ancestry as Vietnamese and Assyrian , was in excess of sixteen times the national average . The area was linguistically diverse , with Vietnamese , Arabic , Assyrian Neo-Aramaic , or Cantonese languages spoken in households , and ranged from two times to seventeen times the national averages . The Smithfield-Wetherill Park Industrial Estate is the largest industrial estate in the southern hemisphere and is the centre of manufacturing and distribution in GWS , with more than 1,000 manufacturing , wholesale , transport and service firms ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairfield Girls High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairfield,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Fairfield is a western suburb of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Being in the centre of the Cumberland Plain , Fairfield is located 23 kilometres ( 14 mi ) west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the City of Fairfield - Although a very small portion of it is part of the Cumberland Council . Fairfield supports a mixture of commercial and residential developments , mostly characterised by medium-density buildings and some new high-rise apartments . Fairfield is one of the most multicultural and culturally diverse cities in Australia , with more than half of the residents having been born overseas , mostly in non-English speaking countries . The majority of the suburb 's dwellers speak a language other than English at home , with the two most common ones being Arabic and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic . Fairfield is an ethnic enclave of Assyrian Christians ( mostly from Iraq , and much recently Syria ) and other Iraqis of various religious and ethnic origins ."}]}, {'value': 'Fairfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Fairfield', 'summary': "The City of Fairfield is a local government area in the west of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The council was first incorporated as the Municipal District of Smithfield and Fairfield on 8 December 1888 , and the council 's name was changed to the Municipality of Fairfield in 1920 , before being proclaimed a city in 1979 . The City of Fairfield comprises an area of 102 square kilometres ( 39 sq mi ) and as of the 2016 census had a population of 198,817 . The Mayor of the City of Fairfield is Cr . Frank Carbone , the first popularly-elected independent mayor of Fairfield . Fairfield is considered one of the most ethnically diverse suburbs in Australia . At the 2016 census , the proportion of residents in the Fairfield local government area who stated their ancestry as Vietnamese and Assyrian , was in excess of sixteen times the national average . The area was linguistically diverse , with Vietnamese , Arabic , Assyrian Neo-Aramaic , or Cantonese languages spoken in households , and ranged from two times to seventeen times the national averages . The Smithfield-Wetherill Park Industrial Estate is the largest industrial estate in the southern hemisphere and is the centre of manufacturing and distribution in GWS , with more than 1,000 manufacturing , wholesale , transport and service firms ."}]}, {'value': '1955', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Farrar Public School for the Deaf', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Croydon Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Croydon_Park,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Croydon Park is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Croydon Park is 10 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is divided between the local government areas of the Canterbury-Bankstown Council , Burwood Council and Inner West Council . Croydon is a separate suburb , to the north . Croydon Park has a commercial shopping strip along Georges River Road and is in proximity to larger shopping and town centres of Burwood , Ashfield and Campsie . Croydon Park is a small residential suburb with a number of shops , including Australia Post , Caffeteria Espresso , Saba Hair Design , Pure Gelato , Maranello 's Veloce Italian Pizzeria , Renee 's Pizzeria , Samir Abla Pastry , ANAR Lebanese Charcoal Chicken , Little Thailand , Domino 's , McDonald 's , Subway , TAB , IGA Supermarket , Croydon Park Chinese Restaurant , Croydon Park Petroleum , Croydon Park Hotel , OzAboriginal Gallery ."}]}, {'value': 'Campise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Canterbury', 'summary': 'The City of Canterbury ( /ˈkæntərbəri/ ) is a local government district with city status in Kent , England . The main settlement in the district is Canterbury .'}]}, {'value': '1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fred Birks Special School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Westmead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westmead,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Westmead is a suburb in Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Westmead is located 26 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Cumberland Council and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region .'}]}, {'value': 'Parramatta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Parramatta', 'summary': 'The City of Parramatta Council , is a local government area located west of central Sydney in the Greater Western Sydney region . Parramatta Council is situated between the City of Ryde and Cumberland Council , where the Cumberland Plain meets the Hornsby Plateau , approximately 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) west of the Sydney central business district , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The City occupies an area of 84 square kilometres ( 32 sq mi ) and as at the 2016 census had an estimated population of 226,149 . The City houses the Parramatta central business district which is one of the key suburban employment destinations for the region of Greater Western Sydney . The Lord Mayor of the City of Parramatta Council since 23 September 2019 is The Right Worshipful Bob Dwyer , a member of the Liberal Party .'}]}, {'value': '1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grose Vale Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grose Vale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grose_Vale,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Grose Vale is a suburb of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . It is located in the City of Hawkesbury . It was previously known as Grose Wold North .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawkesbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Hawkesbury', 'summary': 'The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area of New South Wales , Australia , part of which is at the fringe of the Sydney metropolitan area , about 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) north-west of the Sydney central business district . Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River . The Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr . Barry Calvert , a member of the Australian Labor Party , and the first Labor Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury .'}]}, {'value': '1871', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grose Wold Public School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grose Vale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grose_Vale,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Grose Vale is a suburb of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . It is located in the City of Hawkesbury . It was previously known as Grose Wold North .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawkesbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Hawkesbury', 'summary': 'The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area of New South Wales , Australia , part of which is at the fringe of the Sydney metropolitan area , about 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) north-west of the Sydney central business district . Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River . The Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr . Barry Calvert , a member of the Australian Labor Party , and the first Labor Mayor of the City of Hawkesbury .'}]}, {'value': '1902', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Public schools -- Defunct government schools', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_schools_in_Greater_Western_Sydney_3', 'intro': 'This is a list of schools in the Greater Western Sydney region of Sydney, the capital of the Australian state of New South Wales. The New South Wales education system traditionally consists of primary schools, which accommodate students from kindergarten to Year 6 (ages 5-12), and high schools, which accommodate students from Years 7 to 12 (ages 12-18).'} | null | null | Which park is part of a new development called Bridgewater Estate that is farmland in Wollondilly Shire with a population of 78,218 as of 2016 ? | Camden Park |
0b8ab33dfdeff554 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_Bainisteoir', 'title': 'Celebrity Bainisteoir', 'header': ['Contestant', 'County', 'Club', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Baz Ashmawy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baz_Ashmawy', 'summary': "Bazil Ashmawy , commonly known as Baz Ashmawy , is an Irish radio and television personality , whose TV show 50 Ways to Kill Your Mammy won the International Emmy Award for Best Non-Scripted Entertainment award . In summer 2017 , he hosted That Baz Thing on RTÉ Radio One . Ashmawy co-hosted Weekend Breakfast with Baz & Lucy on RTÉ 2fm in 2010 , and co-presented the 2008 reality show Fáilte Towers on RTÉ One , as well as the popular travel show How Low Can You Go on RTÉ Two . In 2018 he began presenting ITV 's new singing show - Change Your Tune ."}]}, {'value': 'Wicklow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wicklow_GAA', 'summary': "The Wicklow County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Lúthchleas Gael , Coiste Chontae Cill Mhantáin ) or Wicklow GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wicklow . The county board is also responsible for the Wicklow inter-county teams . Wicklow 's Senior Football team play in the Leinster Senior Football Championship . Wicklow have had very little success at senior level , being the only Senior Football team in the province and one of two in Ireland not to have ever won a Senior title in either code , the other being Fermanagh . Wicklow 's Senior Hurling team compete in the Christy Ring Cup , the second tier of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship . They reached the final in both the 2011 and 2012 cups losing to Kerry and London respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Ballymanus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Presenter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glenda Gilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenda_Gilson', 'summary': 'Glenda Gilson ( born March 12 , 1981 ) is a former Irish model and television presenter .'}]}, {'value': 'Dublin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dublin_GAA', 'summary': 'The Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Contae Átha Cliath ) or Dublin GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in the Dublin Region and the Dublin inter-county teams . The team and its fans are known as The Dubs or Boys in Blue . The fans have a special affiliation with the Hill 16 end of Croke Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Crumlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crumlin_GAA', 'summary': 'Crumlin GAA Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Crumlin , Dublin , Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'TV Presenter and Model', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jon Kenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jon_Kenny', 'summary': "Jonathan Kenny ( born December 12 , 1957 ) is an Irish comedian and actor who lives in Lough Gur and is one half of the famous Irish comic duo d'Unbelievables with Pat Shortt . They were a very successful duo until 2000 , releasing One Hell of a Video , D'Unbelievables , D'Video , D'Telly , D'Mother and D'collection but the group stopped touring after Kenny was diagnosed with Hodgkin 's lymphoma . He has since made a successful recovery and still performs shows across Ireland . Kenny is best known outside Ireland for appearing in the Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted ( as Michael the cinema owner in The Passion of St Tibulus and as presenter Fred Rickwood in Song For Europe ) . He also played the role of Monsieur Thénardier in the 1998 film version of Les Misérables . Kenny is an accomplished singer and supporter of Munster Rugby . Jon has just completed filming a lead role in an independent Europe feature film called Insatiable , directed by Jessie Kirby . On his new DVD , Back to Front , Jon says he plays the nastiest man in Ireland in the film which is his first serious role . Jon Kenny has many relatives from The Irish Midlands and the West of Ireland . His mother 's maiden name is Dirraine and her grandparents came from Inis Mór in the Aran Islands . Kenny returned to solo comedy and has performed throughout Ireland with his one-man show . In the spring of 2007 , Kenny realised his first solo stand-up DVD 'Back to Front ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Limerick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Limerick_GAA', 'summary': 'The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Lúthchleas Gael , Coiste Chontae Luimneach ) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick . The county board is also responsible for the Limerick inter-county teams .'}]}, {'value': 'Galtee Gaels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedian , Actor and Musician', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerald Kean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerald_Kean', 'summary': "Gerald Kean ( born in Cork in 1957 ) is a well known Irish solicitor from County Cork . He is regularly the subject of social columns , particularly in the Sunday newspapers which have reported his lavish spending sprees and sun holidays involving his wife and other people , with The Irish Times once describing him as having a celestial odour . Mr Kean has also appeared in numerous television shows including Prime Time , Tubridy Tonight , The Afternoon Show , The Podge and Rodge Show , The Restaurant and The Panel and on radio shows such as The Marian Finucane Show . Kean competed in the first season of Celebrity Bainisteoir , finishing second to Marty Whelan . He later wrote a book about his experience . The book features several photos of Kean , with the English association footballer Alan Shearer being employed to write the foreword . The book discusses his business relationship with Shearer , including his handling of Shearer 's contract negotiations before agreeing to take up the position of Newcastle United manager as well as their co-ownership of 'The Happy Magpie ' gastropub in Newcastle City Centre . Kean is in an on-off relationship with socialite Lisa Murphy . Although , they have announced a formal parting of the ways , with Murphy reportedly being spoilt by her parents at their home ."}]}, {'value': 'Cork', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cork_GAA', 'summary': "The Cork County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Contae Chorcaí ) or Cork GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Cork and the Cork inter-county teams . It is one of the constituent counties of Munster GAA . Cork is one of the few 'dual counties ' in Ireland , competing in a similar level in both Gaelic football and hurling . As of the end of the 2015 National Leagues , Cork compete in the top division of both sports . However , despite both teams competing at the top level of the game for most of the county 's history , the hurling team has experienced more success , winning the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 30 times . By comparison , Cork has only won All-Ireland Senior Football Championship seven times . Traditionally football is strongest in the western half of the county , with the O'Donovan Rossa club of Skibbereen the only Cork team from outside the city to have an All-Ireland Club Football title . Hurling is the dominant sport in the east , with teams such as Sarsfields and Midleton having won Cork 's club championship multiple times . Naturally , there are exceptions to this rule of thumb , with hurling pockets in football areas and vice versa . One example is Fermoy in east Cork , which has seven Cork football titles to its name . The city of Cork traditionally has strong teams in both sports , with Nemo Rangers being the record-holders for All-Ireland Club Football Championships won , and Blackrock having three All-Ireland Club Hurling titles . As well as this , the St Finbarr 's club in the city has eight Cork football titles and 25 in hurling ."}]}, {'value': 'Mayfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mayfield_GAA', 'summary': "Mayfied GAA Club ( CLG Baile na mBocht ) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the Mayfield area of Cork City , Ireland . Teams are fielded in Gaelic football , hurling , and Ladies ' Football . The club participates in Cork GAA competitions and in Seandún board competitions . The club competes at Intermediate level in football and in hurling . In 2016/17 , Mayfield were crowned Cork City ( Seandún ) , Cork County , Munster and All-Ireland Junior Hurling Champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Solicitor and Bon Vivant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nell McCafferty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nell_McCafferty', 'summary': 'Nell McCafferty ( born 28 March 1944 ) is an Irish journalist , playwright , civil rights campaigner and feminist . In her journalistic work she has written for The Irish Press , The Irish Times , Sunday Tribune , Hot Press and The Village Voice .'}]}, {'value': 'Derry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derry_GAA', 'summary': "The Derry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Dhoire ) or Derry GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland . It is responsible for gaelic games in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland ( the GAA refers to the county as Derry ) . The county board is also responsible for the Derry inter-county teams . Gaelic football is the most popular of the county board 's Gaelic games . The senior football team won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 1993 , and has also won six National League titles and seven Ulster Championships ."}]}, {'value': "St. Mary 's , Faughanvale", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faughanvale_GAC', 'summary': "Saint Mary 's Faughanvale GAA ( Irish : CLG Naomh Muire Nuachongbháil ) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Greysteel , County Londonderry , Northern Ireland , in the Catholic parish of Faughanvale , nine miles from Derry City . The club is a member of the Derry GAA and currently cater for Gaelic football , Ladies ' Gaelic football . Faughanvale have won the Derry Intermediate Football Championship five times and the Derry Junior Football Championship once . The club 's catchment area includes Greysteel , Eglinton , Ballykelly , Enagh , Highlands and parts of Glack . Underage teams up to U-12 's play in North Derry league and championships , from U-14 upwards teams compete in All-Derry competitions ."}]}, {'value': 'Journalist , Playwright , Civil Rights Campaigner and Feminist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aoibhinn_Ní_Shúilleabháin', 'summary': 'Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin [ ˈiːvʲɪnʲ nʲiː ˈhuːlʲəwaːnʲ ] ( born 1983 ) is an Irish academic and broadcaster . She is also a past winner of the Rose of Tralee contest .'}]}, {'value': 'Mayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mayo_GAA', 'summary': "The Mayo County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Maigh Eo ) or Mayo GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Mayo and the Mayo inter-county teams . Mayo 's senior Gaelic football team play in the Connacht Senior Football Championship . Mayo have won four All-Ireland Senior Football Championship wins - 1936 , 1950 , 1951 and have won the greatest number of National Football League titles consecutively ( 6 from 1934 to 1939 ) . Mayo are also currently the longest serving team the National Football League ( Ireland ) division 1 , having played there since 1997 . Mayo have in recent times become known for reaching All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals only to fall at the ultimate hurdle . Mayo hold the Championship record for consecutive losing All-Ireland Senior Football Final appearances , this currently stands at nine . In 1989 , they reached their first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final since their last previous appearance in 1951 only to lose to Cork . In 1996 , a freak point by Meath at the end of the final forced a replay , which saw Mayo concede another late score that would deny them victory . Kerry bridged an 11-year title gap against them in 1997 with a three-point win , before torturing them by eight points in 2004 and thirteen points in 2006 . Mayo returned to the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final in 2012 only for Donegal to bridge a 20-year gap between titles , helped in no small part by a nightmare opening quarter for Mayo as Michael Murphy launched a rocket of a shot into the goal after three minutes . Then , in the eleventh minute , Colm McFadden seized the ball from the grasp of Kevin Keane and slid it into the net for a second Donegal goal . Mayo managed thirteen points to Donegal 's two goals and eleven , only got on the scoresheet after sixteen minutes when already two goals behind and never led during the match ."}]}, {'value': 'Kiltimagh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ex-Rose of Tralee and TV Presenter', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Mary O'Rourke / Marty Whelan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Mary_O'Rourke", 'summary': "Mary O'Rourke ( née Lenihan ; born 31 May 1937 ) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Leader of Seanad Éireann and Leader of Fianna Fáil in the Seanad from 2002 to 2007 , Deputy Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1994 to 2002 , Minister for Public Enterprise from 1997 to 2002 , Minister for Health and Children from 1991 to 1992 and Minister for Education from 1987 to 1991 . She served as a Teachta Dála ( TD ) from 1982 to 2002 and 2007 to 2011 . She served as a Senator from 1981 to 1982 for the Cultural and Educational Panel and 2002 to 2007 , upon being Nominated by the Taoiseach ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marty_Whelan', 'summary': "Martin 'Marty ' Whelan ( born 7 June 1956 ) is an Irish radio and television personality currently working for Raidió Teilifís Éireann ( RTÉ ) . His early television credits included the game shows Millionaire and Fame and Fortune , and the weekday afternoon show , Open House . Whelan hosted The Rose of Tralee contest until Ryan Tubridy replaced him in 2003 , a role which he had held since 1997 . His RTÉ 2fm radio show , Marty in the Morning was axed in 2007 and replaced with The Colm & Jim-Jim Breakfast Show . Whelan has since made a return to television , winning the reality series Celebrity Bainisteoir in 2008 . Since winning the series , he has made another return to television to guest-host the RTÉ One topical comedy show The Panel . He also acted as guest judge in RTÉ 's Charity You 're a Star , standing in for Louis Walsh in one programme . Marty at Midday saw Whelan receive his own weekday lunchtime show on RTÉ lyric fm , commencing September 2009 . He then returned to television again in September 2009 to co-present Winning Streak with Kathryn Thomas . He has been doing this ever since . Since 2000 , Whelan has provided the television commentary for RTÉ 's coverage of the Eurovision Song Contest , although Whelan provided the Irish commentary for the Eurovision Song Contest 1987 ."}]}, {'value': 'Westmeath', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westmeath_GAA', 'summary': 'The Westmeath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí ) or Westmeath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Westmeath . The county board is also responsible for the Westmeath inter-county teams .'}]}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maryland_GAA', 'summary': "Maryland GAA is a Gaelic football club based in Drumraney , Co Westmeath . It was founded in 1957 . Maryland play in the Westmeath Intermediate Football Championship and have been winners on 2 occasions , 1980 and 2008 . Maryland GAA were winners of the Celebrity Bainisteoir ( season 1 ) in 2008 under the guidance of radio and television presenter Marty Whelan who replaced Fianna Fáil TD Mary O'Rourke as bainisteoir during the series . Whelan 's team beat solicitor Gerald Kean 's Cork team , Mayfield , in the final at Parnell Park on 16 May 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Former TD and Government Minister', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivan Yates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivan_Yates', 'summary': 'Ivan Yates ( born 23 October 1959 ) is an Irish broadcaster , businessman and former politician . He was elected as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála ( TD ) for the Wexford constituency at the 1981 general election and at each election until his retirement from politics in 2002 . He also served as Minister for Agriculture , Food and Forestry from 1994 to 1997 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wexford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wexford_GAA', 'summary': 'The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Loch Garman ) or Wexford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wexford . The county board is also responsible for the Wexford inter-county teams . Wexford is one of the few counties to have won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in both football and hurling . Wexford have won five Football Championships , with the most recent in 1918 .'}]}, {'value': 'Taghmon-Camross', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bookmaker and Radio Presenter', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2008 series -- Contestants', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Celebrity_Bainisteoir_0', 'intro': "Celebrity Bainisteoir is a prime-time reality programme broadcast by RTÉ and produced by Animo Television/Kite Entertainment. Created by Fiona Looney, it involved a number of celebrities competing against each other as a Gaelic football team coach; the title derives from the Irish word for a manager, bainisteoir [ˈbanʲəʃtʲoːɾʲ]. During and after its eight-part original run in 2008, the hugely popular RTÉ Television tournament was widely mentioned in the media including such newspapers such as An Phoblacht, The Belfast Telegraph, the Evening Echo, the Irish Examiner, the Irish Independent, the Irish News and The Irish Times. During the first series, a pop culture website asked its readers If you werent watching Celebrity Bainisteoir last night, then where were you? In the wake of the successful first series, the Evening Herald of Dublin reported in September 2008 that RTÉ was seeking out a new set of celebrities for a second series of Celebrity Bainisteoir set to air in summer 2009, and that a Celebrity Bainisteoir special would air during the Christmas season in 2008. The second series began on 22 March 2009. The series was axed in 2013 and replaced with Ireland's Fittest Family."} | null | null | What nationality is the contestant from Wicklow ? | Irish |
0b8cdf02235d9a75 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Canadian_Soccer_League_season', 'title': '2011 Canadian Soccer League season', 'header': ['Team', 'City', 'Stadium', 'Manager'], 'data': [{'value': 'Brampton City United B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brampton , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brampton,_Ontario', 'summary': "Brampton ( /ˈbræmptən/ or /ˈbræmtən/ ) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario . Situated in Southern Ontario , it is a suburban city in the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) and the seat of Peel Region . The city has a population of 593,638 as of the Canada 2016 Census . Brampton is Canada 's ninth-most populous municipality , the seventy-seventh largest city in North America and the third most populous city in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Region , behind Toronto and Mississauga . Brampton was incorporated as a village in 1853 , with a population of 50 residents , taking its name from the market town of Brampton , in Cumbria , England . In 1873 , with 2,000 residents , Brampton was incorporated as a town . The city was once known as The Flower Town of Canada , a title based on its large greenhouse industry . Today , Brampton 's major economic sectors include advanced manufacturing , retail administration , logistics , information , and communication technologies , food and beverage , life sciences , and business services . Mass immigration has greatly increased Brampton 's population - from 10,000 in the 1950s to over 600,000 today ."}]}, {'value': 'Victoria Park Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria_Park_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Victoria Park Stadium is soccer venue located in Brampton , Ontario and is home to Brampton United of the Canadian Soccer League . The stadium is located on 20 Victoria Crescent , Brampton . The stadium is part of the James F. McCurry Victoria Park Arena . The stadium hosted the 2004 CPSL Championship final which featured Vaughan Shooters against Toronto Croatia . On May 27 , 2016 a fire erupted at the Victoria Park arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Mike DiMatteo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brantford Galaxy B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brantford , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brantford,_Ontario', 'summary': "Brantford ( 2016 population 97,496 ; CMA population 134,203 ) is a city in southwestern Ontario , Canada , founded on the Grand River . It is surrounded by Brant County , but is politically separate with a municipal government of its own that is fully independent of the county 's municipal government . Brantford is named after Joseph Brant , an important Mohawk chief during the American Revolutionary War and later , who led his people in their first decades in Upper Canada . Many of his descendants , and other First Nations citizens , live on the nearby Reserve of Six Nations of the Grand River , 20 kilometers from Brantford ; it is the most populous reserve in Canada . Brantford is known as the Telephone City as the city 's famous resident , Alexander Graham Bell , invented the first telephone at his father 's homestead , Melville House , now the Bell Homestead ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Brown Sports Complex', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Brown_Sports_Complex', 'summary': "Steve Brown Sports Complex is a multi-purpose outdoor sports facility in Brantford , Ontario and located at Lions Park on 20 Edge Street . Built original in 1972 as Lions Park arena , which included a banquet hall for community purposes . Later expanded to include a track field with several baseball and soccer fields with a seating capacity of 2000 . In 2002 , the exterior part of the facility was renamed in honor of community leader and organizer Steve Brown . In 2010 , the facility was upgraded in order to serve as the home venue to the Canadian Soccer League 's newest franchise the Brantford Galaxy ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Pompoino', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kitchener Waterloo United FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kitchener_Waterloo_United_FC', 'summary': "SC Waterloo Region is a professional Canadian soccer team that plays in the Canadian Soccer League , a non-FIFA-sanctioned league . The club was formed in 2011 under the name KW United FC and competed in the Second Division of the CSL . The following year the organization 's name was changed to SC Waterloo Region and was promoted to the First Division . Within a short time Waterloo enjoyed a string of success within the league . Their biggest achievement came in the 2013 season by winning the CSL Championship , and reaching the championship match finals once more in 2015 only to lose to Toronto Croatia . In 2016 , the organization voluntarily relegated itself to the CSL Second Division ."}]}, {'value': 'Waterloo , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Waterloo is a city in Ontario , Canada . It is the smallest of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo ( and previously in Waterloo County , Ontario ) , and is adjacent to the city of Kitchener . Kitchener and Waterloo are often jointly referred to as Kitchener-Waterloo , KW , or the Twin Cities ( when the reference includes the nearby city of Cambridge , Ontario , the term Tri-Cities or the Tri-City are used ) . While there were several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo , following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo there was less motivation to do so . At the time of the 2016 census , the population of Waterloo was 104,986 .'}]}, {'value': 'Budd Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lazo Džepina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lazo_Džepina', 'summary': 'Lazo Džepina ( Serbian Cyrillic : Лазо Џепина , born October 27 , 1966 ) is a Croatian Serb businessman , football manager , and former player . His playing career initially began with Dinara Knin , and later in the First League of FR Yugoslavia with Rad Belgrade . He received his first piece of silverware in the First League of the Republika Srpska with FK Borac Banja Luka by winning the Republika Srpska Cup . His playing career came to a conclusion abroad in 2005 in the Canadian Professional Soccer League with Hamilton Thunder . After retiring from professional football he made the transition to the managerial side by managing in the Croatian Third Football League with his former club Dinara Knin in 2010 . After a season in Croatia he returned to the CSL to manage the Brantford Galaxy , where in his first season he led the team to a CSL Championship . After a series of poor performances in 2011 he was relieved from his coaching duties . In 2011 , SC Waterloo Region was granted a CSL franchise with Džepina holding several shares in the club , and was given the coaching responsibilities . He led Waterloo to their first and his second championship medal in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'London City B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'London , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London,_Ontario', 'summary': "London is a city in southwestern Ontario , Canada , along the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor . The city had a population of 383,822 according to the 2016 Canadian census . London is at the confluence of the Thames River , approximately 200 km ( 120 mi ) from both Toronto and Detroit ; and about 230 km ( 140 mi ) from Buffalo , New York . The city of London is a separated municipality , politically separate from Middlesex County , though it remains the county seat . London and the Thames were named in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe , who proposed the site for the capital city of Upper Canada . The first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman . The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855 . Since then , London has grown to be the largest southwestern Ontario municipality and Canada 's 11th largest metropolitan area , having annexed many of the smaller communities that surrounded it . London is a regional centre of healthcare and education , being home to the University of Western Ontario ( which brands itself Western University ) , Fanshawe College , and several hospitals ( including a University Hospital ) . The city hosts a number of musical and artistic exhibits and festivals , which contribute to its tourism industry , but its economic activity is centred on education , medical research , insurance , and information technology . London 's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers . London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402 , connecting it to Toronto , Windsor and Sarnia ."}]}, {'value': 'Cove Road Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cove_Road_Stadium', 'summary': 'German Canadian Club of London Field is a multi-purpose stadium in London , Ontario , Canada . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of German Canadian FC and FC London ( League 1 only ) . The stadium holds 1,000 spectators . The stadium field meets all FIFA standards and is comparable to size of most fields in the German Bundisliga . The stadium has a top notch daily maintenance program , up to date change rooms , food and beverages , and a large licensed patio . The soccer facility can also accommodate 4v4 , 7v7 , and 9v9 youth soccer pitches .'}]}, {'value': 'Aldo Caranci', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mississauga Eagles FC B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mississauga , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mississauga', 'summary': "Mississauga /ˌmɪsɪˈsɔːɡə/ ( listen ) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario and a suburb of Toronto . It is situated on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel , bordering Toronto . With a population of 721,599 as of the 2016 census , Mississauga is the sixth-most populous municipality in Canada , third-most in Ontario , and second-most in the Greater Toronto Area . The growth of Mississauga is attributed to its proximity to Toronto . During the latter half of the 20th century , the city attracted a multicultural population and built up a thriving central business district . It is home to Toronto Pearson International Airport , Canada 's busiest airport , as well as the headquarters of many Canadian and multinational corporations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}]}, {'value': 'Hershey Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paramount_Fine_Foods_Centre', 'summary': 'The Paramount Fine Foods Centre , formerly the Hershey Centre , is a multi-purpose sports and entertainment complex located in Mississauga , Ontario , Canada . Its current name was adopted on July 1 , 2018 following a new naming rights agreement with Mississauga-based restaurant chain Paramount Fine Foods .'}]}, {'value': 'Josef Komlodi Alex Szczotka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Szczotka', 'summary': 'Alex Szczotka is a former Polish footballer and current Technical Director and head coach for the Erin Mills Soccer Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Niagara United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niagara_United', 'summary': 'Niagara United FC is a Canadian soccer team founded in 1973 . The club is a former member of the Canadian Soccer League ( CSL ) , where it fielded a professional team from 2011-2015 , and now operates youth teams in the Niagara Soccer League . The team plays its home games in Kalar Sports Park in Niagara Falls , Ontario . In 2011 , the club joined the CSL and played in the CSL Second Division . After a successful debut season Niagara was promoted to the First Division , and qualified for the playoffs in their first season in the top flight . The following season the club went through a rebuilding stage focusing on developing and recruiting local players . In 2016 , Niagara announced its departure from the league .'}]}, {'value': 'Niagara , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niagara,_Ontario', 'summary': "Niagara-on-the-Lake is a town in Ontario , Canada . It is located on the Niagara Peninsula at the point where the Niagara River meets Lake Ontario , across the river from New York , United States . Niagara-on-the-Lake is in the Niagara Region of Ontario , and is the only town in Canada that has a Lord Mayor . It has a population of 17,511 ( 2016 ) . Niagara-on-the-Lake is important in the history of Canada : it served as the first capital of the Province of Upper Canada , the predecessor of Ontario , called Newark from 1792 to 1797 . During the War of 1812 , the town , the two former villages of St. David 's and Queenston , and Fort George were the site of numerous battles following the American invasion of Upper Canada , and the town was razed . Niagara-on-the-Lake is home to the oldest Anglican and Catholic churches in Ontario , and the oldest surviving golf course in North America . Today , Niagara-on-the-Lake draws tourists with its quaint colonial-style buildings , the Shaw Festival , Fort George , wineries , an outlet mall on the highway , and its proximity to Niagara Falls . The Niagara Region has the second-highest percentage of seniors in Ontario . Niagara-on-the-Lake has been rated among the best places to retire in Ontario according to Comfort Life , a publication for seniors ."}]}, {'value': 'Kalar Sports Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalar_Sports_Park', 'summary': 'Kalar Sports Park is a multi-purpose outdoor sports facility in Niagara Falls , Ontario . The stadium is owned by the Niagara United Football Club . It is located on 6775 Kalar Road . On August 17 , 2012 Niagara United received a grant of $ 75 , 000 from Ontario Trillium Foundation for the purchase of a new scoreboard . The club also spent around $ 750 , 000 in renovations for the increase in stadium seats , scoreboard , new clubhouse , and new FIFA -approved turf field in order to accommodate the clubs needs by joining the Canadian Soccer League . The stadium hosted the 2013 CSL Championship final which featured SC Waterloo vs Kingston FC .'}]}, {'value': 'James McGillivray', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North York Astros B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Esther Shiner Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esther_Shiner_Stadium', 'summary': "Esther Shiner Stadium is a multi-purpose outdoor sports facility in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is located in the former city of North York , on the north-west corner of Bathurst Street and Finch Avenue West . Its capacity is 3,000 and is currently the home of North Toronto Nitros of League1 Ontario and FC Vorkuta of the Canadian Soccer League . York University 's football team were former tenants of the stadium from the 1980s to 1995 until a football field was built on campus ( see York Stadium ) . The stadium plays host to many sporting events including Canadian football , soccer , and athletics . The stadium has hosted the majority of CPSL/CSL Championship finals from 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , and 2014 . The stadium was built in June 1984 , and was originally named North York Civic Stadium . It was renamed in 1988 in honour of former City of North York Councillor Esther Shiner . In 2004 the stadium was closed for refurbishment , and it reopened on September 15 , 2005 with a new artificial playing surface and running track ."}]}, {'value': 'Kerwin Skeete', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingston Prospect FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingston_Prospect_FC', 'summary': "Kingston FC were a Canadian soccer team based in Kingston , Ontario , Canada . The team was awarded a franchise in 2011 as a member of the Canadian Soccer League , and participated in the league for three seasons , 2012 to 2014 . In February 2015 , Kingston FC formally announced that it had withdrawn from the Canadian Soccer League for the 2015 season . Furthermore , the Club announced that it had made application to the new League1 Ontario for a new professional team that will play in Belleville , Ontario . Effective April 1 , 2015 , the Club has renamed itself the Quinte-Belleville Royals ( QBR ) Soccer Club , and intends to field a men 's professional team in League1 Ontario in 2016 and a woman 's professional team in 2017 , also in League1 Ontario . During its three seasons in the CSL , the club fielded two teams , a 1st Division professional team , Kingston FC and a Reserve 2nd Division semi-professional team , Kingston FC Reserve . The club began play on May 5 , 2012 , in their inaugural CSL season and played their home games at the Queen 's University West Campus Turf Field , located at Johnson Street and John A. Macdonald Boulevard in Kingston . On February 28 , 2015 , the Canadian Soccer League announced in a press release that Kingston FC would not be returning for the 2015 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Kingston , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Kingston is a city in Eastern Ontario , Canada . It is on the eastern end of Lake Ontario , at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River and at the mouth of the Cataraqui River ( south end of the Rideau Canal ) . The city is midway between Toronto , Ontario and Montreal , Quebec . The Thousand Islands tourist region is nearby to the east . Kingston is nicknamed the Limestone City because of the many heritage buildings constructed using local limestone . Growing European exploration in the 17th century , and the desire for the Europeans to establish a presence close to local Native occupants to control trade , led to the founding of a French trading post and military fort at a site known as Cataraqui ( generally pronounced kah-tah-ROCK-way ) in 1673 . This outpost , called Fort Cataraqui , and later Fort Frontenac , became a focus for settlement . Cataraqui would be renamed Kingston after the British took possession of the fort , and Loyalists began settling the region in the 1780s . Kingston was named the first capital of the United Province of Canada on February 10 , 1841 . While its time as a capital city was short ( ending in 1844 ) , the community has remained an important military installation . Kingston was the county seat of Frontenac County until 1998 . Kingston is now a separate municipality from the County of Frontenac .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Joan of Arc Turf Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Joan_of_Arc_Catholic_High_School', 'summary': 'St. Joan of Arc Catholic High School ( also referred to as SJA ) is a high school in Maple , Ontario , Canada , located in the city of Vaughan . It is administered by the York Catholic District School Board . Its student population is primarily composed of residents of Maple and other parts of northeastern Vaughan .'}]}, {'value': 'Jimmy Hamrouni', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SC Toronto B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Lamport Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamport_Stadium', 'summary': 'Allan A. Lamport Stadium is the practice facility for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League . It is a multi-purpose stadium on King Street West in the Liberty Village neighbourhood of Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is also the home field of the Toronto Wolfpack , Canada national rugby league team and Toronto Arrows rugby union team . The playing surface of the 9,600 seating capacity stadium is also dually marked for soccer and field hockey . [ citation needed ] The stadium was named for long-time Toronto politician Allan Lamport , who was associated with sporting activities in the city .'}]}, {'value': 'Patrice Gheisar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Serbian White Eagles B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Centennial Park Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centennial_Park_Stadium', 'summary': "The Centennial Park Stadium is a 2,200 seat capacity stadium in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is primarily used for soccer , track and field , football and occasionally for kabaddi . The park is also used for the ROPSSAA football finals and the PSAA ( Private Schools Athletic Association ) on the first Monday of May for an annual Track and Field Meet . The stadium is named for the city park it is located in , which opened during Canada 's centennial year of 1967 ; the stadium was opened in 1975 , eight years after the centennial . It is located within Centennial Park ( Toronto ) in the Etobicoke district , just south of Toronto Pearson International Airport and near the intersection of Rathburn Road and Renforth Drive . It was built in 1975 . The stadium hosted the first edition of Veteran Athletes Championships in 1975 as well as some sporting events of the 1976 Paralympic Games and the closing ceremony . The stadium has seating in a grandstand on the west side and small scoreboard on the north end of the field . The stadium is home to the Toronto Lynx soccer clubs ( men 's and ladies ' ) . It hosts the Relay For Life in Toronto West event each June , a fundraiser for the Canadian Cancer Society . The stadium hosted the CPSL/CSL Championship finals in 1998 , 2010 , 2011 , and 2014 . In 2017 there were calls and support for the stadium to be renamed after former Mayor Rob Ford as Rob Ford Memorial Stadium , but a city council meeting voted down the motion on October 4 , 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nikola Budalic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nikola_Budalic', 'summary': 'Nikola Niki Budalic ( born August 1 , 1978 ) is a retired Canadian soccer player who currently serves as a director of soccer operations for Inter Miami CF .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Catharines Wolves B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Catharines , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Catharines,_Ontario', 'summary': "St. Catharines is the largest city in Canada 's Niagara Region and the sixth largest urban area in Ontario , with 96.13 square kilometres ( 37.1 sq mi ) of land and 133,113 residents in 2016 . It lies in Southern Ontario , 51 kilometres ( 32 mi ) south of Toronto across Lake Ontario , and is 19 kilometres ( 12 mi ) inland from the international boundary with the United States along the Niagara River . It is the northern entrance of the Welland Canal . Residents of St. Catharines are known as St. Cathariners . St. Catharines carries the official nickname The Garden City due to its 1,000 acres ( 4 km2 ) of parks , gardens , and trails . St. Catharines is between the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area ( GTHA ) and the Canada-U.S. border at Fort Erie . Manufacturing is the city 's dominant industry , as noted by the heraldic motto , Industry and Liberality . General Motors of Canada , Ltd. , the Canadian subsidiary of General Motors , was the city 's largest employer , a distinction now held by the District School Board of Niagara . THK Rhythm Automotive , formerly TRW , operates a plant in the city , though in recent years employment there has shifted from heavy industry and manufacturing to services . St. Catharines lies on one of the main telecommunications backbones between Canada and the United States , and as a result a number of call centres operate in the city . It is designated an Urban Growth Centre by the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe , intended to achieve a minimum density target of 150 jobs and residents combined per hectare by 2032 or earlier ."}]}, {'value': 'Club Roma Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlo Arghittu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlo_Arghittu', 'summary': 'Carlo Arghittu ( born May 27 , 1974 ) is a Canadian former soccer player and coach who played in the Canadian National Soccer League , National Professional Soccer League , USL A-League , and the Canadian Professional Soccer League .'}]}, {'value': 'TFC Academy II', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberty Village , Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_Village,_Toronto', 'summary': 'Liberty Village is a neighbourhood in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is bordered to the north by King Street West , to the west by Dufferin Street , to the south by the Gardiner Expressway , to the east by Strachan Avenue , and to the northeast by the CP railway tracks .'}]}, {'value': 'Lamport Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamport_Stadium', 'summary': 'Allan A. Lamport Stadium is the practice facility for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League . It is a multi-purpose stadium on King Street West in the Liberty Village neighbourhood of Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is also the home field of the Toronto Wolfpack , Canada national rugby league team and Toronto Arrows rugby union team . The playing surface of the 9,600 seating capacity stadium is also dually marked for soccer and field hockey . [ citation needed ] The stadium was named for long-time Toronto politician Allan Lamport , who was associated with sporting activities in the city .'}]}, {'value': 'Jim Brennan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Brennan', 'summary': 'James Gerald Brennan ( born 8 May 1977 ) , known as Jim Brennan or Jimmy Brennan , is a Canadian soccer manager , analyst and former player who manages York9 FC . During his playing career he played as a defender in Canada and England , most notably with Bristol City , Nottingham Forest , Norwich City ( where he won the 2003-04 Football League First Division ) and Toronto FC . He also earned 49 caps for the Canadian national team , was member of the Canada side which won the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup , and later represented his country at the Confederations Cup 2001 , the 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup and the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup . He was inducted into the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame in November 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Toronto Croatia B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Centennial Park Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centennial_Park_Stadium', 'summary': "The Centennial Park Stadium is a 2,200 seat capacity stadium in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is primarily used for soccer , track and field , football and occasionally for kabaddi . The park is also used for the ROPSSAA football finals and the PSAA ( Private Schools Athletic Association ) on the first Monday of May for an annual Track and Field Meet . The stadium is named for the city park it is located in , which opened during Canada 's centennial year of 1967 ; the stadium was opened in 1975 , eight years after the centennial . It is located within Centennial Park ( Toronto ) in the Etobicoke district , just south of Toronto Pearson International Airport and near the intersection of Rathburn Road and Renforth Drive . It was built in 1975 . The stadium hosted the first edition of Veteran Athletes Championships in 1975 as well as some sporting events of the 1976 Paralympic Games and the closing ceremony . The stadium has seating in a grandstand on the west side and small scoreboard on the north end of the field . The stadium is home to the Toronto Lynx soccer clubs ( men 's and ladies ' ) . It hosts the Relay For Life in Toronto West event each June , a fundraiser for the Canadian Cancer Society . The stadium hosted the CPSL/CSL Championship finals in 1998 , 2010 , 2011 , and 2014 . In 2017 there were calls and support for the stadium to be renamed after former Mayor Rob Ford as Rob Ford Memorial Stadium , but a city council meeting voted down the motion on October 4 , 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'York Region Shooters B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vaughan , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vaughan,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Vaughan ( 2016 population 306,233 ) is a city in Ontario , Canada . It is located in the Regional Municipality of York , just north of Toronto . Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991 . It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area , and the 17th-largest city in Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Joan of Arc Turf Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Joan_of_Arc_Catholic_High_School', 'summary': 'St. Joan of Arc Catholic High School ( also referred to as SJA ) is a high school in Maple , Ontario , Canada , located in the city of Vaughan . It is administered by the York Catholic District School Board . Its student population is primarily composed of residents of Maple and other parts of northeastern Vaughan .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Second Division -- Teams', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2011_Canadian_Soccer_League_season_1', 'intro': 'The 2011 Canadian Soccer League season (known as the Givova Canadian Soccer League for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th since its establishment where a total of 28 teams from Ontario and Quebec took part in the league. The season began on Saturday 6 May 2011, and concluded on 29 October 2011. Toronto Croatia won their fourth championship (seventh including Canadian National Soccer League titles) in a 1-0 victory over Capital City F.C. in the CSL Championship final at Centennial Park Stadium in Toronto. The regular season saw SC Toronto claim their second regular season title, while Mississauga Eagles FC B won their first Second Division championship. The season saw an increase in membership to 14 teams the largest amount since the 2002 season. The new entries saw the return of professional soccer to the communities of Windsor, Mississauga, and Ottawa. After one season as commissioner Domenic Di Gironimo resigned with Vincent Ursini returning to be named his successor. The 2011 season witnessed the fruits of the CSL player developmental system as nine CSL players were selected to represent the Canada U-17 in the 2011 CONCACAF U-17 Championship. While 14 CSL players participated in the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup, and 4 players were selected to represent the Canada U-20 in the 2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship. To further implement their developmental system the league formed a working relationship with the newly formed Canadian Academy of Futbol (CAF), which required their member clubs to form affiliations with academy teams. The ownership structure of the league was reformed into an incorporated body as the CSL Association Inc in order to bring about a slow process of equalization to the status of teams, while compensating the equity owners who had heavily invested in league throughout the years.'} | null | null | What industry of the city in Canada containing Victoria Park Stadium gave it the nickname The Flower Town of Canada ? | greenhouse |
0b8e30a21580bdb1 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Spain_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Spain at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '41', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2018 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Korean : 제23회 동계 올림픽 , romanized : Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik ) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County , Gangwon Province , South Korea , with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018 , the day before the opening ceremony . Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011 , at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban , South Africa . This was the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , but it was only the first Winter Olympics to be held in the country . It was the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia , the following two being Tokyo 2020 ( summer ) and Beijing 2022 ( winter ) . It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games , after Sapporo ( 1972 ) and Nagano ( 1998 ) , both of these cities in Japan . It was also the first Winter Olympics to be held in mainland Asia . The Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines , a record number of events for the Winter Games . Four events made their Olympic debut in 2018 : big air snowboarding , mass start speed skating , mixed doubles curling , and mixed team alpine skiing . A total of 2,914 athletes from 92 NOCs competed , including the national debuts of Ecuador , Eritrea , Kosovo , Malaysia , Nigeria and Singapore . After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics , the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended , but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia ( OAR ) . North Korea agreed to participate in the Games despite tense relations with South Korea ; the two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea , and fielded a unified team ( COR ) in the women 's ice hockey . Norway led the total medal tally with 39 , followed by Germany 's 31 and Canada 's 29 ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucas Eguibar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucas_Eguibar', 'summary': 'Lucas Eguibar Bretón ( born 9 February 1994 in San Sebastián ) is a Spanish snowboarder .'}]}, {'value': 'Snowboarding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snowboarding', 'summary': "Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Winter Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider 's feet . The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding , sledding , surfing and skiing . It was developed in the United States in the 1960s , became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and eventually was featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014 . Its popularity ( as measured by equipment sales ) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rafael Nadal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rafael_Nadal', 'summary': "Rafael Rafa Nadal Parera ( Catalan : [ rəf ( ə ) ˈɛl nəˈðal pəˈɾeɾə ] , Spanish : [ rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa ] ; born 3 June 1986 ) is a Spanish professional tennis player currently ranked world No . 2 in men 's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) . Nadal has won 19 Grand Slam singles titles , the second-most in history for a male player , as well as a record 35 ATP Tour Masters 1000 titles , 20 ATP Tour 500 titles and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles . In addition , Nadal has held the world No . 1 ranking for a total of 209 weeks , including being the year-end No . 1 five times . In majors , Nadal has won a record twelve French Open titles , four US Open titles , two Wimbledon titles and one Australian Open title , and won at least one Grand Slam every year for a record ten consecutive years ( 2005-2014 ) . Nadal has won 84 career titles overall , including the most outdoor titles in the Open Era ( 82 ) and a record 59 titles on clay . With 81 consecutive wins on clay , Nadal holds the record for the longest single-surface win streak in the Open Era . Nadal has been involved in five Davis Cup titles with Spain , and currently has a 29-win streak and 29-1 record in singles matches at the event . In 2010 , at the age of 24 , he became the seventh male player and the youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the singles Career Grand Slam . Nadal is the second male player after Andre Agassi to complete the singles Career Golden Slam , as well as the second male player after Mats Wilander to have won at least two Grand Slams on all three surfaces ( grass , hard court and clay ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis', 'summary': "Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent ( singles ) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles ) . Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent 's court . The object of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return . The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point , while the opposite player will . Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket , including wheelchair users . The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham , England , in the late 19th century as lawn tennis . It had close connections both to various field ( lawn ) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis . During most of the 19th century , in fact , the term tennis referred to real tennis , not lawn tennis . The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s . Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times , and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s . A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point-challenge system , which allows a player to contest the line call of a point , a system known as Hawk-Eye ."}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры , tr . XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia , with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony , 6 February 2014 . Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee ( SOOC ) . Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007 , during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City . It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games . A number of new competitions - a total of twelve accounting for gender - were held during the Games , including biathlon mixed relay , women 's ski jumping , mixed-team figure skating , mixed-team luge , half-pipe skiing , ski and snowboard slopestyle , and snowboard parallel slalom . The events were held around two clusters of new venues : an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi 's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea , with Fisht Olympic Stadium , and the Games ' indoor venues located within walking distance , and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana . The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics . While originally budgeted at US $ 12 billion , major cost overruns , caused this figure to expand to US $ 51 billion , more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Javier Fernández', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Javier_Fernández_(figure_skater)', 'summary': 'Javier Fernández López ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xaˈβjeɾ feɾˈnandeθ ˈlopeθ ] ; born 15 April 1991 ) is a former Spanish figure skater . He is the 2018 Olympic bronze medalist , a two-time World champion ( 2015 , 2016 ) , a two-time World bronze medalist ( 2013 , 2014 ) , a seven-time European champion ( 2013-2019 ) , a two-time Grand Prix Final silver medalist ( 2014 , 2015 ) , a three-time Rostelecom Cup champion ( 2014-2016 ) , a two-time Grand Prix in France champion ( 2016-2017 ) and an eight-time Spanish national champion ( 2010 , 2012-2018 ) . In addition to his bronze medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics , Fernández placed 14th at the 2010 Winter Olympics and 4th at the 2014 Winter Olympics . He is the first skater from Spain to medal at an Olympic Games , ISU Championship or a Grand Prix event . Fernández is the second man to break the 100-point barrier in the short program , the 200-point barrier in the long program , and the 300-point barrier in the total score . As of 24 May 2017 , he has the second highest personal best scores in both segments and third highest in the combined score . In recognition of his achievements , Fernández received the Gold Medal of the Royal Order of Sports Merit by the Spanish government on 19 April 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating', 'summary': "Figure skating is a sport in which individuals , duos , or groups perform on figure skates on ice . It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games , when it was contested at the 1908 Olympics in London . The four Olympic disciplines are men 's singles , ladies ' singles , pair skating , and ice dance . Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating , Theater on Ice , and four skating . From intermediate through senior-level competition , skaters generally perform two programs ( short and free skate ) , which may include spins , jumps , moves in the field , lifts , throw jumps , death spirals , and other elements or moves , depending on the discipline . The blade has a groove on the bottom creating two distinct edges : inside and outside . Judges prefer that skaters glide on one edge of the blade and not on both at the same time , which is referred to as a flat edge . During a spin , skaters use the sweet spot of the blade , formally called a rocker , which is the roundest portion of the blade , just behind the toe pick and near the middle of the blade . Skates used in singles and pair skating have a set of large , jagged teeth called toe picks on the front of the blade . Toe picks are mainly used for the take-off on jumps . Ice dance blades have smaller toe picks . Figure skaters compete at various levels from beginner up to the Olympic level ( senior ) at local , regional , sectional , national , and international competitions ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pau Gasol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pau_Gasol', 'summary': "Pau Gasol Sáez ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈpaw ɣəˈzɔl ] , Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpau ɣaˈsol ] ; born July 6 , 1980 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player . He is a six-time NBA All-Star and a four-time All-NBA selection , twice on the second team and twice on the third team . Gasol has won two NBA championships , both with the Los Angeles Lakers . He was the NBA Rookie of the Year in 2002 with the Memphis Grizzlies , being the first non-American player to have won that award . He is the older brother of fellow NBA player Marc Gasol . Gasol was selected by the Atlanta Hawks with the third overall pick in the first round of the 2001 NBA draft , but his rights were traded to the Memphis Grizzlies . He currently holds the Grizzlies ' franchise record for free throws made and attempted . Following more than six seasons with Memphis , Gasol played for the Los Angeles Lakers ( from 2008 to 2014 ) , the Chicago Bulls ( from 2014 to 2016 ) , the San Antonio Spurs ( from 2016 to 2019 ) , and the Milwaukee Bucks ( 2019 ) . Internationally , Gasol has won two Olympic silver medals , an Olympic bronze medal , a FIBA World Cup title , and three EuroBasket titles with the Spanish national basketball team ."}]}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball', 'summary': "Basketball is a team sport in which two teams , most commonly of five players each , opposing one another on a rectangular court , compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball ( approximately 9.4 inches ( 24 cm ) in diameter ) through the defender 's hoop ( a basket 18 inches ( 46 cm ) in diameter mounted 10 feet ( 3.048 m ) high to a backboard at each end of the court ) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop . A field goal is worth two points , unless made from behind the three-point line , when it is worth three . After a foul , timed play stops and the player fouled or designated to shoot a technical foul is given one or more one-point free throws . The team with the most points at the end of the game wins , but if regulation play expires with the score tied , an additional period of play ( overtime ) is mandated . Players advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running ( dribbling ) or by passing it to a teammate , both of which require considerable skill . On offense , players may use a variety of shots - the lay-up , the jump shot , or a dunk ; on defense , they may steal the ball from a dribbler , intercept passes , or block shots ; either offense or defense may collect a rebound , that is , a missed shot that bounces from rim or backboard . It is a violation to lift or drag one 's pivot foot without dribbling the ball , to carry it , or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling . The five players on each side at a time fall into five playing positions the tallest player is usually the center , the tallest and strongest is the power forward , a slightly shorter but more agile player is the small forward , and the shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the point guard , who implements the coach 's game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) . Informally , players may play three-on-three , two-on-two , and one-on-one . Invented in 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield , Massachusetts , United States , basketball has evolved to become one of the world 's most popular and widely viewed sports . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity , salaries , talent , and level of competition . Outside North America , the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the EuroLeague and the Basketball Champions League Americas ."}]}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2010 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) and commonly known as Vancouver 2010 , informally the 21st Winter Olympics , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond , West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands , and in the nearby resort town of Whistler . Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines . Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee ( VANOC ) , headed by John Furlong . The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia . Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , Quebec , and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta . Metro Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Olympics , although Calgary is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics . They will both be surpassed by Beijing in 2022 . Following Olympic tradition , the incumbent mayor of Vancouver Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . The flag was raised on February 28 , 2006 , in a special ceremony and was on display at Vancouver City Hall until the Olympic opening ceremony . The event was officially opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean , who was accompanied by the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge . For the first time , Canada won gold in an official sport at an Olympic Games hosted at home , having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary ( although Canada won the woman 's curling event in Calgary when it was still only a demonstration sport ) . Canada clinched their first gold medal on the second day of the competition and first topped the gold medal tally on the second to last day of competition and went on to become the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Queralt Castellet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queralt_Castellet', 'summary': 'Queralt Castellet Ibáñez ( born 17 June 1989 in Sabadell ) is a Spanish snowboarder . She was silver medalist at the 2015 World Championships . She competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics , and finished tenth in halfpipe at the 2007 World Snowboard Championships . During the 2007-08 Snowboarding World Cup circuit she placed on the podium three times , and overall she placed third in the halfpipe section of the 2007-08 World Cup . At the 2010 Winter Olympics she scored a 44.3 on her first qualifying run , third highest . However , she suffered a concussion while practicing in the lead-up to the final and was subsequently forced to withdraw . At the World Cup , she has six victories , and seven additional podiums in halfpipe , and another podium in big air .'}]}, {'value': 'Snowboarding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snowboarding', 'summary': "Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Winter Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider 's feet . The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding , sledding , surfing and skiing . It was developed in the United States in the 1960s , became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and eventually was featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014 . Its popularity ( as measured by equipment sales ) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since ."}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Cal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Cal', 'summary': 'David Cal Figueroa ( born 10 October 1982 in Cangas do Morrazo ) is a Spanish sprint canoeist who has competed since 1999 . Competing in three Summer Olympics , he has won five medals with a gold ( C-1 1000 m : 2004 Summer Olympics ) and four silvers ( C-1 500 m : 2004 , 2008 ; C-1 1000 m : 2008 and 2012 ; C-1 1000 m : 2012 ) . With this latest medal in the London 2012 Olympic Games , he became the Spanish athlete with more Olympic medals of all time . Cal was a junior world championship bronze medallist in Zagreb in 1999 ( C-1 1000 m ) . The following year he became European C-1 500 m junior champion at Boulogne , France in 2000 . He also won the C-1 1000 m bronze medal . He was a reserve at the Sydney Olympics . At the 2002 European under-23 championships in Zagreb , Croatia , Cal won the C-1 500 m bronze medal . Cal has competed on the senior circuit since 2003 , winning five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships . This includes a gold ( C-1 500 m : 2007 ) , two silvers ( C-1 1000 m : 2003 , 2005 , 2011 ) , and a bronze ( C-1 1000 m : 2007 ) . Cal is 183 cm ( 6 ft 0 in ) tall and weighs 91 kg ( 200 lbs ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing', 'summary': 'Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle . Common meanings of the term are limited to when the canoeing is the central purpose of the activity . Broader meanings include when it is combined with other activities such as canoe camping , or where canoeing is merely a transportation method used to accomplish other activities . Most present-day canoeing is done as or as a part of a sport or recreational activity . In some parts of Europe canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking , with a canoe being called an open canoe . A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing . Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes , rivers , oceans , ponds and streams .'}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2006 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games ( Italian : XX Giochi olimpici invernali ) and commonly known as Turin 2006 or Torino 2006 , was a winter multi-sport event which was held in Turin , Piedmont , Italy from February 10 to 26 , 2006 . This marked the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Olympic Games , the first being the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo . Italy also hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 in Rome . Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999 . The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was Passion lives here . The official logo depicts a stylized profile of the Mole Antonelliana building , drawn in white and blue ice crystals , signifying the snow and the sky . The crystal web was also meant to portray the web of new technologies and the Olympic spirit of community . The Olympic mascots of the Games were Neve ( snow in Italian ) , a female snowball , and Gliz , a male ice cube . Italy will host the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo 20 years after these games ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'María José Rienda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/María_José_Rienda', 'summary': 'María José Rienda Contreras ( born 12 June 1975 in Granada , Spain ) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer . She served as the President of the Consejo Superior de Deportes and Secretary of State for Sports of Spain from June 2018 to January 2020 . Rienda Contreras has 6 World Cup victories , all in giant slalom . Her victories in 2005 were the first Spanish World Cup victories since Blanca Fernández Ochoa won in December 1991 . María José Rienda Contreras represented Spain in five Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Isabel Fernández', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isabel_Fernández', 'summary': ''}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judo', 'summary': "Judo ( 柔道 , jūdō , Japanese pronunciation : [ dʑɯꜜːdoː ] , lit . gentle way ) is generally categorized as a modern martial art , which has since evolved into a combat and Olympic sport . The sport was originally created in 1882 by Jigoro Kano ( 嘉納治五郎 ) as a physical , mental , and moral pedagogy in Japan . Judo 's most prominent feature is its competitive element , where the objective is to either throw or take down an opponent to the ground , immobilize or otherwise subdue an opponent with a pin , or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke . Strikes and thrusts by hands and feet as well as weapons defences are a part of judo , but only in pre-arranged forms ( kata , 形 ) and are not allowed in judo competition or free practice ( randori , 乱取り ) . A judo practitioner is called a judoka . The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from koryū ( 古流 , traditional schools ) . Judo also spawned a number of derivative martial arts across the world , such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu , Krav Maga and Sambo ."}]}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iker Fernández', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Snowboarding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snowboarding', 'summary': "Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Winter Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider 's feet . The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding , sledding , surfing and skiing . It was developed in the United States in the 1960s , became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and eventually was featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014 . Its popularity ( as measured by equipment sales ) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since ."}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manuel Estiarte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manuel_Estiarte', 'summary': 'Manel Estiarte Duocastella ( born October 26 , 1961 in Manresa ) is a Spanish former water polo player born in Manresa , a municipality in Barcelona , Spain . He is currently a member of Pep Guardiolas technical staff at Manchester City FC . Highly accomplished in his sport , Estiarte has been voted Worlds Best Water Polo Player on seven consecutive occasions : 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1991 , and 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Waterpolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waterpolo', 'summary': "Water polo is a competitive team sport played in the water between two teams . The game consists of four quarters in which the two teams attempt to score goals by throwing the ball into the opposing team 's goal . The team with the most goals at the end of the game wins the match . Each team is made up of six field players and one goalkeeper . Except for the goalkeeper , players participate in both offensive and defensive roles . Water polo is typically played in an all-deep pool meaning that players can not touch the bottom . A game of water polo mainly consists of the players swimming to move about the pool , treading water ( often using the eggbeater kick technique ) , passing the ball and shooting at the goal . Teamwork , tactical thinking and game awareness are also highly important aspects in a game of water polo . Water polo is a highly physical and demanding sport and has frequently been cited as one of the toughest sports to play . Special equipment for water polo includes a water polo ball , a yellow-green ball which floats on the water ; numbered and coloured caps ; and two goals , which either float in the water or are attached to the side of the pool . The game is thought to have originated in Scotland in the late 19th century as a sort of water rugby . William Wilson is thought to have developed the game during a similar period ."}]}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1998 Winter Olympics , officially the XVIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック冬季競技大会 , Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Tōkikyōgi Taikai ) , and commonly known as Nagano 1998 , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 that were centered in Nagano , Japan . The Games also took place in the nearby mountain communities of Hakuba , Karuizawa , Nozawa Onsen , and Yamanouuchi . The city of Nagano had previously been a candidate to host the 1940 Winter Olympics ( which were later cancelled ) , as well as the 1972 Winter Olympics , but each time Nagano was eliminated at the national level by Sapporo . The games hosted 2,176 athletes from 72 nations competing in 7 sports and 68 events . The number of athletes and participating nations were a record at the time . The Games saw the introduction of women 's ice hockey , curling and snowboarding . National Hockey League players were allowed to participate in the men 's ice hockey for the first time . Five countries , Azerbaijan , Kenya , Macedonia , Uruguay , and Venezuela made their debut at the Winter Olympics . The athlete who won the most medals at these games was the Russian cross-country skier Larisa Lazutina who won five medals , including three gold . The Norwegian cross-country skier Bjørn Dæhlie won four medals , including three gold , which took his total Olympic medal total to 12 , including eight gold , which is a record for Winter Olympics . In ice hockey , professionals from the North American National Hockey League participated for the first time . Despite their participation , the Czech men 's ice hockey team won the gold medal ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juan Jesús Gutiérrez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Jesús_Gutiérrez', 'summary': 'Juan Jesús Gutiérrez Cuevas ( born June 26 , 1969 in Reinosa , Cantabria ) is a Spanish cross country skier who competed from 1991 to 2006 . His best World Cup finish was third at a marathon event in France in 2000 . Gutiérrez also competed in five Winter Olympics , earning his best finish of 17th in the 30 km event at Salt Lake City in 2002 . His best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was sixth in the 50 km event at Thunder Bay in 1995 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross_country_skiing', 'summary': 'Cross-country skiing is a form of skiing where skiers rely on their own locomotion to move across snow-covered terrain , rather than using ski lifts or other forms of assistance . Cross-country skiing is widely practiced as a sport and recreational activity ; however , some still use it as a means of transportation . Variants of cross-country skiing are adapted to a range of terrain which spans unimproved , sometimes mountainous terrain to groomed courses that are specifically designed for the sport . Modern cross-country skiing is similar to the original form of skiing , from which all skiing disciplines evolved , including alpine skiing , ski jumping and Telemark skiing . Skiers propel themselves either by striding forward ( classic style ) or side-to-side in a skating motion ( skate skiing ) , aided by arms pushing on ski poles against the snow . It is practised in regions with snow-covered landscapes , including Northern Europe , Canada , Russia , the United States , Australia and New Zealand . Competitive cross-country skiing is one of the Nordic skiing sports . Cross-country skiing and rifle marksmanship are the two components of biathlon , ski-orienteering is a form of cross-country skiing , which includes map navigation along snow trails and tracks .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luis Doreste', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_Doreste', 'summary': "Luis Doreste Blanco ( born 7 March 1961 in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Las Palmas ) is a Spanish sailor who won gold medal both in the 1984 Summer Olympics ( 470 class ) , and in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona ( Flying Dutchman ) . A member of Real Club Náutico de Gran Canaria , Doreste became World Champion in 1985 ( Flying Dutchman ) , and again in 1995 ( Soling ) . He is three times European Champion , from 1976 ( Optimist ) , 1985 ( 470 ) and 1988 ( Flying Dutchman ) . He is a four-time Olympian . Doreste took the Athlete 's Oath at Barcelona in 1992 . He is the brother of Manuel Doreste , Gustavo Doreste and José Doreste . He skippered Desafío Español 2007 at the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1994 Winter Olympics ( Norwegian : Olympiske vinterleker 1994 ) , officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 12 to 27 February 1994 in and around Lillehammer , Norway . Lillehammer failed to win the bid for the 1992 event , losing to Albertville . Lillehammer was awarded the 1994 Winter Olympics in 1988 , after beating Anchorage , United States ; Östersund , Sweden ; and Sofia , Bulgaria . Lillehammer is the northernmost city to ever host the Winter Games and the Olympic Games overall . The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics , the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games . The Games were the second Winter Olympics hosted in Norway , after the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , and the fourth Olympics in the Nordic countries , after the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden , and the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , Finland . Although many events took place in Lillehammer , skating took place in Hamar , some ice hockey matches were placed in Gjøvik , while Alpine skiing was held in Øyer and Ringebu . Sixty-seven countries and 1,737 athletes participated in six sports and sixty-one events . Fourteen countries made their debut in the Winter Olympics , of which nine were former Soviet republics . The Games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules , reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries . New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials , while speed skating was moved indoors . Nearly two million people spectated the games , which were the first to have the Olympic truce in effect .'}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ainhoa Ibarra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ainhoa_Ibarra', 'summary': 'Ainhoa Ibarra Astellara ( born 27 October 1968 in Guernica ) is a Spanish former alpine skier who competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics , in the 1992 Winter Olympics , in the 1994 Winter Olympics , and in the 1998 Winter Olympics . Her best result was the 17th position in the giant slalom in Lillehammer 1994 . She disputed four World Championships , and her best result was the 8th position in the giant slalom in Sierra Nevada 1996 . In the World Cup she finished top-10 once .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Felipe , Prince of Asturias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain', 'summary': 'Felipe VI or Philip VI ( Spanish : [ feˈlipe ] ; [ b ] Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos ; born 30 January 1968 ) is King of Spain . He ascended the throne on 19 June 2014 upon the abdication of his father , King Juan Carlos I . His mother is Queen Sofía , and he has two older sisters , Infanta Elena , Duchess of Lugo , and Infanta Cristina . In 2004 , Felipe married TV news journalist Letizia Ortiz with whom he has two daughters , Leonor ( his heir presumptive ) and Sofía . In accordance with the Spanish Constitution , as monarch , he is head of state and commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armed Forces with military rank of Captain General , and also plays a role in promoting relations with Spanish America and the former Spanish East Indies , [ citation needed ] which are collectively called [ improper synthesis ? ] the nations of its historical community .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , were a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 8 to 23 February 1992 in Albertville , France . They were the last Winter Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics , and the first where the Winter Paralympics were held at the same site . Albertville was selected as host in 1986 , beating Sofia , Falun , Lillehammer , Cortina d'Ampezzo , Anchorage and Berchtesgaden . The games were the third Winter Olympics held in France , after Chamonix in 1924 and Grenoble in 1968 , and the fifth Olympics overall in the country . Only some of the skating and the opening and closing ceremonies took place in Albertville , while the rest of the events took place in the villages of Courchevel , La Plagne , Les Arcs , Les Menuires , Les Saisies , Méribel , Pralognan-la-Vanoise , Tignes and Val d'Isère . Sixty-four nations with 1,801 athletes participated in the games , including the Unified Team which represented non-Baltic former Soviet republics . Germany participated as a unified team following reunification in 1990 , while five newly independent European countries debuted , as did six warm-weather countries . Short track speed skating , moguls and women 's biathlon made their debut as an Olympic sport . The games were the last Winter Games until 2014 to have demonstration sports , consisting of curling , aerials , ski ballet and speed skiing . It was the last Olympics to have an outdoor speed skating rink . The games were succeeded by the 1992 Winter Paralympics from 25 March to 1 April . Norwegians won every male cross-country skiing race , with Bjørn Dæhlie and Vegard Ulvang both collecting three gold ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blanca Fernández Ochoa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blanca_Fernández_Ochoa', 'summary': 'Blanca Fernández Ochoa ( 22 April 1963 - August 2019 ) was a World Cup alpine ski racer from Spain . Born in Madrid , she competed in four Winter Olympics , from 1980 through 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Infanta Cristina of Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Infanta_Cristina_of_Spain', 'summary': "Infanta Cristina of Spain ( Cristina Federica Victoria Antonia de la Santísima Trinidad de Borbón y de Grecia , born 13 June 1965 ) is the younger daughter of King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía . As of 2015 [ update ] she is sixth in the line of succession to the Spanish throne , after her brother King Felipe VI 's children , her sister Elena , and Elena 's children . From 2013 she was investigated and later tried for fraud relating to accusations of corruption involving a company owned by Cristina and her husband ."}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1988 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , was a multi-sport event celebrated in and around Calgary , Alberta , Canada , between February 13 and 28 , 1988 and were the first Winter Olympics to be held over a whole two week period . The host city was selected in 1981 over Falun , Sweden , and Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy . Most events took place in Calgary while several skiing events were held in the mountain resorts of Nakiska and Canmore , west of the city . A then-record 57 nations competed and 1,423 athletes participated . As it had in Montreal in 1976 , Canada again failed to win a gold medal in an official medal event as the host nation . Finnish ski jumper Matti Nykänen and Dutch speed skater Yvonne van Gennip were individual medal leaders with each winning three gold medals . The games are also remembered for the heroic failure of British ski jumper Eddie The Eagle Edwards , and the Winter Olympic début of the Jamaica national bobsled team , both of which would be subjects of major feature films about their participation in the games . The Calgary games were at the time one of the most expensive Olympics ever held , but the organizing committee turned record television and sponsorship revenue into a net surplus that was used to maintain the facilities built for the Olympics and develop the Calgary region into the heart of Canada 's elite winter sports program . The five purpose-built venues continue to be used in their original functions , and have helped the country develop into one of the top nations in Winter Olympic competition ; Canada more than quintupled the five medals it won in Calgary at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ainhoa Ibarra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ainhoa_Ibarra', 'summary': 'Ainhoa Ibarra Astellara ( born 27 October 1968 in Guernica ) is a Spanish former alpine skier who competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics , in the 1992 Winter Olympics , in the 1994 Winter Olympics , and in the 1998 Winter Olympics . Her best result was the 17th position in the giant slalom in Lillehammer 1994 . She disputed four World Championships , and her best result was the 8th position in the giant slalom in Sierra Nevada 1996 . In the World Cup she finished top-10 once .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alejandro Abascal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Abascal', 'summary': "Alejandro Abascal García ( born 15 July 1952 in Santander , Cantabria ) is a Spanish sailor and Olympic Champion . He competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow and won a gold medal in the Flying Dutchman class , together with Miguel Noguer . This was Spain 's third Olympic Gold Medal , and their first since 1928 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1984 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games ( French : XIVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Serbo-Croatian : XIV . zimske olimpijske igre / XIV Зимске олимпијске игре ; Macedonian : XIV Зимски олимписки игри ; Slovene : XIV olimpijske zimske igre ) , was a winter multi-sport event which took place from 8-19 February 1984 in Sarajevo , Yugoslavia , in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina . Other candidate cities were Sapporo , Japan ; and Gothenburg , Sweden . It was the first Winter Olympic Games held in a socialist state and in a Slavic language-speaking country . It was also the second Olympics overall , as well as the second consecutive Olympics , to be held in a socialist and in a Slavic language-speaking country after the 1980 Summer Olympics were held in Moscow , Soviet Union . Furthermore , it was the first Olympics held in the Balkans after the first modern Games in Athens . The Sarajevo games have also been the only Olympics so far to be hosted by a Non-Aligned Movement member ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blanca Fernández Ochoa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blanca_Fernández_Ochoa', 'summary': 'Blanca Fernández Ochoa ( 22 April 1963 - August 2019 ) was a World Cup alpine ski racer from Spain . Born in Madrid , she competed in four Winter Olympics , from 1980 through 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Herminio Menéndez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herminio_Menéndez', 'summary': 'Herminio Menéndez Rodríguez ( born December 20 , 1953 ) is a Spanish sprint canoer who competed from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s . Competing in four Summer Olympics , he won three medals with two silvers ( 1976 : K-4 1000 m , 1980 : K-2 500 m ) and one bronze ( 1980 : K-2 1000 m ) . Menéndez also won eight medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold ( K-4 1000 m : 1975 ) , a silver ( K-4 500 m : 1978 ) , and six bronzes ( K-1 4 x 500 m : 1975 . K-2 1000 m : 1982 , K-2 10000 m : 1979 , K-4 500 m : 1977 , K-4 1000 m : 1977 , 1978 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing', 'summary': 'Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle . Common meanings of the term are limited to when the canoeing is the central purpose of the activity . Broader meanings include when it is combined with other activities such as canoe camping , or where canoeing is merely a transportation method used to accomplish other activities . Most present-day canoeing is done as or as a part of a sport or recreational activity . In some parts of Europe canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking , with a canoe being called an open canoe . A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing . Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes , rivers , oceans , ponds and streams .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Spain at theOlympicsIOC codeESPNOCSpanish Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.coe.es ( in Spanish ) Medals Gold 46 Silver 64 Bronze 44 Total 154 Summer appearances19001904–1912192019241928193219361948195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Winter appearances19361948195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921994199820022006201020142018 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Spain at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Spain_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Spain at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'} | null | null | How many events were at the Olympics in which David Cal was flag bearer for Spain ? | 302 |
0b8f2bc051f9e623 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_soccer_clubs_in_Australia', 'title': 'List of soccer clubs in Australia', 'header': ['Club', 'League/Division', 'Lvl', 'State', 'City'], 'data': [{'value': 'Fawkner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fawkner_SC', 'summary': 'Fawkner Soccer Club is an Australian soccer club from Fawkner , a suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The club was formed in 1967 by local Italian Australians after Fawkner SC separated from Fawkner Blues now known as Manningham United FC . After being granted full ownership of CB Smith Reserve the re-branded Fawkner Soccer Club fielded their rebuilt senior side in 2012 . In 2015 , Fawnker were crowned champions of the State League Division 4 North , earning promotion to the State League Division 3 North-West .'}]}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_3', 'summary': "The Victorian State League Division 3 is the fifth tier soccer competition ( behind the National Premier Leagues ) in Victoria , Australia , and the sixth nationally , including the A-League . It is conducted by the Football Federation Victoria , the state 's football governing body ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Fernhill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District League', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Coast', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Fitzroy City', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_2', 'summary': "The Victorian State League Division 2 is the fourth tier soccer competition behind the National Premier Leagues Victoria , National Premier Leagues Victoria 1 and Victorian State League Division 1 in Victoria , Australia , and the fifth nationally , including the A-League . It is conducted by the Football Federation Victoria , the state 's football governing body ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Floreat Athena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Floreat_Athena_FC', 'summary': "Floreat Athena Football Club is an association football ( soccer ) club based in Perth , Western Australia . The club competes in the National Premier Leagues Western Australia . The club 's founders were of Greek heritage . Floreat Athena has been crowned the Western Australian State Champions four times , League Premiers seven times , State Cup Winners six times , and Night Series Champions six times . In 1997 , the club won all three trophies to claim its first ever treble ."}]}, {'value': 'National Premier Leagues Western Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_Western_Australia', 'summary': 'The National Premier Leagues Western Australia is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Western Australia . The league name is often abbreviated to NPL Western Australia or NPL WA . As a subdivision of the National Premier Leagues , the league is the highest level of the Western Australian league system ( Level 2 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football West , the governing body of the sport in the state . In 2014 , the league - formerly known as the Football West State League Premier Division - was rebranded into what exists today .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perth', 'summary': "Perth ( /ˈpɜːrθ/ ( listen ) PURTH ) is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia ( WA ) . It is named after the city of Perth , Scotland and is Australia 's fourth-most populous city , with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth . Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia , with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain , a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp . The first areas settled were on the Swan River at Guildford , with the city 's central business district and port ( Fremantle ) both later founded downriver . Captain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony . It gained city status ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ) in 1856 and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929 . The city inherited its name due to the influence of Sir George Murray , then Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The city 's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century . During Australia 's involvement in World War II , Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the Pacific Theatre , and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay . An influx of immigrants after the war , predominantly from Britain , Italy , Greece , and Yugoslavia , led to rapid population growth . This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for several large mining operations . As part of Perth 's role as the capital of Western Australia , the state 's Parliament and Supreme Court are in the city , as is Government House , the residence of the Governor of Western Australia ."}]}, {'value': 'Forrestfield United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forrestfield_United_SC', 'summary': 'Forrestfield United Soccer Club is one of the biggest football clubs in Perth , Western Australia . The club was founded in 1962 as Cottesloe Soccer Club . It is a regional community club in the City of Kalamunda situated at Hartfield Park in the foothills of the picturesque Darling Ranges , with over 600 players and close to 800 members . The club offers a development pathway with Football Federation Australia accredited coaches via its Junior NPL program all the way through to its semi-professional senior team .'}]}, {'value': 'Football West State League Division 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_West_State_League_Division_1', 'summary': 'The Football West State League Division 1 is a regional Australian semi-professional association football league comprising teams from Western Australia . The league sits at Level 2 on the Western Australian league system ( Level 3 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football West , the governing body of the sport in the state . The league has been officially called the All Flags State League Division 1 due to sponsorship arrangements since 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perth', 'summary': "Perth ( /ˈpɜːrθ/ ( listen ) PURTH ) is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia ( WA ) . It is named after the city of Perth , Scotland and is Australia 's fourth-most populous city , with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth . Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia , with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain , a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp . The first areas settled were on the Swan River at Guildford , with the city 's central business district and port ( Fremantle ) both later founded downriver . Captain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony . It gained city status ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ) in 1856 and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929 . The city inherited its name due to the influence of Sir George Murray , then Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The city 's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century . During Australia 's involvement in World War II , Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the Pacific Theatre , and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay . An influx of immigrants after the war , predominantly from Britain , Italy , Greece , and Yugoslavia , led to rapid population growth . This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for several large mining operations . As part of Perth 's role as the capital of Western Australia , the state 's Parliament and Supreme Court are in the city , as is Government House , the residence of the Governor of Western Australia ."}]}, {'value': 'Frankston Pines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frankston_Pines_FC', 'summary': 'Frankston Pines Football Club is an Australian soccer club based in Frankston North , a suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The club was formed by local Scottish Australians in 1965 . Their home ground is Monterey Reserve , which holds approximately 4,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_2', 'summary': "The Victorian State League Division 2 is the fourth tier soccer competition behind the National Premier Leagues Victoria , National Premier Leagues Victoria 1 and Victorian State League Division 1 in Victoria , Australia , and the fifth nationally , including the A-League . It is conducted by the Football Federation Victoria , the state 's football governing body ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Fraser Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fraser_Park_FC', 'summary': 'Fraser Park FC , is an Australian soccer club with teams competing at all grades of the NSW Mens Premier League 3 and in various divisions of the Canterbury District Soccer Football Association . The club also has teams participating in the Football NSW Skills Acquisition Program , which is the official Football NSW development program for players age 9 to 11 years . Their home ground is Fraser Park , off Marrickville Rd in the Sydney suburb of Marrickville .'}]}, {'value': 'National Premier Leagues NSW 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_NSW_3', 'summary': 'The NSW NPL3 is a regional Australian semi-professional association football league comprising teams from New South Wales . The league sits at Level 3 on the New South Wales league system ( Level 4 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football NSW , the governing body of the sport in the southern region of the state ( the northern region governed by Northern NSW Football ) . At the conclusion of the 2015 season it was announced that the State League 1 would become the NPL3'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New South Wales', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Freemantle City', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football West State League Division 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_West_State_League_Division_1', 'summary': 'The Football West State League Division 1 is a regional Australian semi-professional association football league comprising teams from Western Australia . The league sits at Level 2 on the Western Australian league system ( Level 3 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football West , the governing body of the sport in the state . The league has been officially called the All Flags State League Division 1 due to sponsorship arrangements since 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perth', 'summary': "Perth ( /ˈpɜːrθ/ ( listen ) PURTH ) is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia ( WA ) . It is named after the city of Perth , Scotland and is Australia 's fourth-most populous city , with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth . Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia , with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain , a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp . The first areas settled were on the Swan River at Guildford , with the city 's central business district and port ( Fremantle ) both later founded downriver . Captain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony . It gained city status ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ) in 1856 and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929 . The city inherited its name due to the influence of Sir George Murray , then Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The city 's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century . During Australia 's involvement in World War II , Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the Pacific Theatre , and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay . An influx of immigrants after the war , predominantly from Britain , Italy , Greece , and Yugoslavia , led to rapid population growth . This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for several large mining operations . As part of Perth 's role as the capital of Western Australia , the state 's Parliament and Supreme Court are in the city , as is Government House , the residence of the Governor of Western Australia ."}]}, {'value': 'Fulham United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fulham_United_FC', 'summary': "Fulham United FC is a football club based in Fulham , South Australia . They won four consecutive seasons between the years 2004 and 2007 . For the 2018 season , their men 's team is set to join the new South Australian State League 1 competition , after gaining promotion in the South Australian State League 2 competition in 2017 . Their senior womens team plays in the elite FFSA Women 's National Premier League . In October of 2019 Jenna McCormick , who played in Fulhams NPL team was selected for the Australian national womens team , the Matildas , to play in the 2020 matches in Sydney and Adelaide against Chile ."}]}, {'value': 'National Premier Leagues State League 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_State_League_2', 'summary': "The South Australian NPL State League 2 is the third tier state-level football ( soccer ) competition in South Australia , ranked fourth tier in the national pyramid . The league is part of the National Premier Leagues ( NPL ) structure implemented by Football Federation Australia in 2012 . It is conducted by the Football Federation South Australia , the state 's governing body . The competition will include SAASL teams Fulham United and Adelaide Vipers and also Collegiate Soccer League team Mount Barker United . This league structure will remain until the end of the 2018 season , with allowances for new teams entering State League 2 ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adelaide', 'summary': "Adelaide ( /ˈædəleɪd/ ( listen ) AD-ə-layd ) is the capital city of the state of South Australia , and the fifth-most populous city of Australia . The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide . Adelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula , between the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east . Its metropolitan area extends 20 km ( 12 mi ) from the coast to the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges , and stretches 96 km ( 60 mi ) from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach in the south . Named in honour of Queen Adelaide , consort to King William IV , the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for the only freely-settled British province in Australia . Colonel William Light , one of Adelaide 's founding fathers , designed the city centre and chose its location close to the River Torrens , in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people and known as Tarndanyangga ( place of the red kangaroo ) . Light 's design , now listed as national heritage , set out the city centre in a grid layout , interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares , and entirely surrounded by parklands . Early colonial Adelaide was shaped by the diversity and wealth of its free settlers , in contrast to the convict history of other Australian cities . Until the post-war era , it was Australia 's third-largest city . It has been noted for its leading examples of religious freedom and progressive political reforms , and became known as the City of Churches due to its diversity of faiths . Today , Adelaide is noted for its many festivals and sporting events , its food and wine , its coastline and hills , and its large defence and manufacturing sectors . Adelaide 's quality of life has ranked consistently highly in various measures through the 21st century ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Alphabetically -- F', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_soccer_clubs_in_Australia_5', 'intro': 'This is a list of soccer clubs in Australia. The Australian soccer league system consists of a national league - A-League (men) and W-League (women) - a state/territory-based second tier National Premier Leagues (NPL) structure and other state-based leagues. Promotion and relegation exists in some states between NPL and state leagues, however not between the A-League and the NPL. Included are all clubs playing in state (or territory)-wide leagues, or where states are split into two separate leagues.'} | null | null | The club with the largest level number was formed in what year ? | 1967 |
0b8f39b480a7a2d3 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat_Common_Entrance_Test', 'title': 'Gujarat Common Entrance Test', 'header': ['#', 'Name of Institute', 'University', 'Place', 'GIA or SFI', 'Rank of last candidate admitted from Open Category'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auro University of Hospitality and Management', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auro_University_of_Hospitality_and_Management', 'summary': 'AURO University , formerly AURO University of Hospitality and Management , is a private university located at Surat , Gujarat , India . It was established in 2011 through The Gujarat Private Universities ( Amendment ) Act , 2011 . The university was founded by H.P . Rama , a co-founder of JHM Hotels , which was a US-based hospitality company with operations in USA and India .'}]}, {'value': 'Auro University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Surat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Surat', 'summary': "Surat is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat . It used to be a large seaport and is now the commercial and economic center in South Gujarat , which is famous for its diamonds and textile Industries and as a shopping centre for apparels and accessories . It is the eighth largest city and ninth largest urban agglomeration in India . It is the administrative capital of the Surat district . The city is located 284 kilometres ( 176 mi ) south of the state capital , Gandhinagar ; 265 kilometres ( 165 mi ) south of Ahmedabad ; and 289 kilometres ( 180 mi ) north of Mumbai . The city centre is located on the Tapti River , close to Arabian Sea . Surat will be the world 's fastest growing city from 2019 to 2035 , according to a study conducted by Economic Times . The city registered an annualised GDP growth rate of 11.5% over the seven fiscal years between 2001 and 2008 . Surat was awarded best city by the Annual Survey of India 's City-Systems ( ASICS ) in 2013 . Surat is selected as the first smart IT city in India which is being constituted by the Microsoft CityNext Initiative tied up with IT services majors Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro . The city has 2.97 million internet users , about 65% of total population . Surat was selected in 2015 for an IBM Smarter Cities Challenge grant ."}]}, {'value': 'GIA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B K School of Business Management', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/B.K._School_of_Business_Management', 'summary': 'The B. K. School of Business Management is one of the oldest and well-known business schools in the state of Gujarat . It is a postgraduate department of Gujarat University situated in front of K.S . School of Business Management , Gujarat University Campus , Ahmedabad . The school was started in 1976 , to serve local students and those who could not afford the higher fees at other schools . The school offers two-year full-time and three-year part-time MBA programs for working executives . It is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and part of B+ National Assessment and Accreditation Council accreditation . The school receives a grant from the University Grants Commission ( UGC ) , and runs an Industry Institute Partnership cell under the UGC umbrella . The school started a port management program to cater needs of expanding international business and privatisation of ports in Gujarat . The school offers two year full-time MBA program and three year MBA part-time program ( i.e . evening program for working executives ) and offers specialization in finance , marketing and human resources . The school also offer post graduate diploma program in port management and diplomas in finance , human resources , and marketing and advertisement . The school updates courses in response to the demands of industry [ citation needed ] and offers placement assistance for graduating students .'}]}, {'value': 'Gujarat University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gujarat_University', 'summary': 'Gujarat University is a public state university located at Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India . The university is an affiliating university at the under-graduate level and a teaching university at the postgraduate level . It is accredited B++ by NAAC . It was established in 1949 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ahmedabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmedabad', 'summary': "Ahmedabad ( /ˈəhmədɑːbɑːd/ ( listen ) , pronounced as Amdavad in Gujarati ) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat . It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court . Ahmedabad 's population of 5,633,927 ( as per 2011 population census ) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India , and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh-most populous in India . Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River , 23 km ( 14 mi ) from the state capital Gandhinagar , which is its twin city . Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India . It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India , and its stock exchange is the country 's second oldest . Cricket is a popular sport in Ahmedabad , which houses the 54,000-seat Sardar Patel Stadium . The effects of liberalisation of the Indian economy have energised the city 's economy towards tertiary sector activities such as commerce , communication and construction . Ahmedabad 's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in recent development of skyscrapers . In 2010 Ahmedabad was ranked third in Forbes 's list of fastest growing cities of the decade . In 2012 , The Times of India chose Ahmedabad as India 's best city to live in . As of 2014 , Ahmedabad 's estimated gross domestic product was $ 64 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'GIA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '66.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M S Patel Institute ( Faculty of Management Studies )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FMS_Baroda', 'summary': 'The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda ( MSU ) , formerly Baroda College is a public university in the city of Vadodara , in Gujarat state , India . Originally established as a college in 1881 , it became a university in 1949 after the independence of the country . It was later renamed after its benefactor Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III , the former ruler of Baroda State . The university offers undergraduate , post-graduate , and doctoral programs . It houses 89 departments spread over 6 campuses ( 2 rural and 4 urban ) covering 275 acres of land .'}]}, {'value': 'The M S University of Baroda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maharaja_Sayajirao_University_of_Baroda', 'summary': 'The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda ( MSU ) , formerly Baroda College is a public university in the city of Vadodara , in Gujarat state , India . Originally established as a college in 1881 , it became a university in 1949 after the independence of the country . It was later renamed after its benefactor Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III , the former ruler of Baroda State . The university offers undergraduate , post-graduate , and doctoral programs . It houses 89 departments spread over 6 campuses ( 2 rural and 4 urban ) covering 275 acres of land .'}]}, {'value': 'Vadodara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vadodara', 'summary': "Vadodara ( Gujarati pronunciation : [ ʋəˈɽodəɾɑː ] ; formerly known as Baroda ) is a large city in the Indian state of Gujarat . It is the administrative headquarters of Vadodara District and is located on the banks of the Vishwamitri river , 141 kilometres ( 88 mi ) from the state capital Gandhinagar . The railway line and NH 8 that connect Delhi and Mumbai pass through Vadodara . It is known as a Sanskari Nagari ( city ) of India . As of 2011 [ update ] , Vadodara had a population of almost 2 million people . The city is known for the Lakshmi Vilas Palace , the residence of Baroda State 's Maratha royal family , the Gaekwads , of the Gaekwad Dynasty . It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , the largest university in Gujarat ."}]}, {'value': 'GIA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '77.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AES PG Institute of Business Management', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gujarat University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gujarat_University', 'summary': 'Gujarat University is a public state university located at Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India . The university is an affiliating university at the under-graduate level and a teaching university at the postgraduate level . It is accredited B++ by NAAC . It was established in 1949 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ahmedabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmedabad', 'summary': "Ahmedabad ( /ˈəhmədɑːbɑːd/ ( listen ) , pronounced as Amdavad in Gujarati ) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat . It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court . Ahmedabad 's population of 5,633,927 ( as per 2011 population census ) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India , and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh-most populous in India . Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River , 23 km ( 14 mi ) from the state capital Gandhinagar , which is its twin city . Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India . It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India , and its stock exchange is the country 's second oldest . Cricket is a popular sport in Ahmedabad , which houses the 54,000-seat Sardar Patel Stadium . The effects of liberalisation of the Indian economy have energised the city 's economy towards tertiary sector activities such as commerce , communication and construction . Ahmedabad 's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in recent development of skyscrapers . In 2010 Ahmedabad was ranked third in Forbes 's list of fastest growing cities of the decade . In 2012 , The Times of India chose Ahmedabad as India 's best city to live in . As of 2014 , Ahmedabad 's estimated gross domestic product was $ 64 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'SFI', 'urls': []}, {'value': '189.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Som-Lalit Institute of Business Management', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gujarat University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gujarat_University', 'summary': 'Gujarat University is a public state university located at Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India . The university is an affiliating university at the under-graduate level and a teaching university at the postgraduate level . It is accredited B++ by NAAC . It was established in 1949 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ahmedabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmedabad', 'summary': "Ahmedabad ( /ˈəhmədɑːbɑːd/ ( listen ) , pronounced as Amdavad in Gujarati ) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat . It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court . Ahmedabad 's population of 5,633,927 ( as per 2011 population census ) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India , and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh-most populous in India . Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River , 23 km ( 14 mi ) from the state capital Gandhinagar , which is its twin city . Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India . It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India , and its stock exchange is the country 's second oldest . Cricket is a popular sport in Ahmedabad , which houses the 54,000-seat Sardar Patel Stadium . The effects of liberalisation of the Indian economy have energised the city 's economy towards tertiary sector activities such as commerce , communication and construction . Ahmedabad 's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in recent development of skyscrapers . In 2010 Ahmedabad was ranked third in Forbes 's list of fastest growing cities of the decade . In 2012 , The Times of India chose Ahmedabad as India 's best city to live in . As of 2014 , Ahmedabad 's estimated gross domestic product was $ 64 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'SFI', 'urls': []}, {'value': '238.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G H Patel PG Institute of Business Management', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sardar Patel University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sardar_Patel_University', 'summary': 'Sardar Patel University ( SPU ) is a public state university in Gujarat , India . It is named after Vallabhbhai Patel , and was founded in December 1955 by an Act of the Legislative Assembly of the then-Bombay Province and was UGC recognized under 2 ( f ) of the UGC Act in October 1968 . Originally it had the status of a rural university but now it has diversified with the motto of Excellence Matters .'}]}, {'value': 'Vallabh Vidhyanagar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vallabh_Vidhyanagar', 'summary': 'Vallabh Vidyanagar is a town and a municipality in Anand district in the Indian state of Gujarat . It is located between Ahmedabad and Vadodara , 6 km from the town of Anand . V.V.Nagar is known as educational hub of Gujarat . It is a home to the prestigious Sardar Patel University .'}]}, {'value': 'GIA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '263.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NR Institute of Business Management', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gujarat University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gujarat_University', 'summary': 'Gujarat University is a public state university located at Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India . The university is an affiliating university at the under-graduate level and a teaching university at the postgraduate level . It is accredited B++ by NAAC . It was established in 1949 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ahmedabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmedabad', 'summary': "Ahmedabad ( /ˈəhmədɑːbɑːd/ ( listen ) , pronounced as Amdavad in Gujarati ) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat . It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court . Ahmedabad 's population of 5,633,927 ( as per 2011 population census ) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India , and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh-most populous in India . Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River , 23 km ( 14 mi ) from the state capital Gandhinagar , which is its twin city . Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India . It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India , and its stock exchange is the country 's second oldest . Cricket is a popular sport in Ahmedabad , which houses the 54,000-seat Sardar Patel Stadium . The effects of liberalisation of the Indian economy have energised the city 's economy towards tertiary sector activities such as commerce , communication and construction . Ahmedabad 's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in recent development of skyscrapers . In 2010 Ahmedabad was ranked third in Forbes 's list of fastest growing cities of the decade . In 2012 , The Times of India chose Ahmedabad as India 's best city to live in . As of 2014 , Ahmedabad 's estimated gross domestic product was $ 64 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'SFI', 'urls': []}, {'value': '329.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G H Patel PG Institute of Business Management', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sardar Patel University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sardar_Patel_University', 'summary': 'Sardar Patel University ( SPU ) is a public state university in Gujarat , India . It is named after Vallabhbhai Patel , and was founded in December 1955 by an Act of the Legislative Assembly of the then-Bombay Province and was UGC recognized under 2 ( f ) of the UGC Act in October 1968 . Originally it had the status of a rural university but now it has diversified with the motto of Excellence Matters .'}]}, {'value': 'Vallabh Vidhyanagar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vallabh_Vidhyanagar', 'summary': 'Vallabh Vidyanagar is a town and a municipality in Anand district in the Indian state of Gujarat . It is located between Ahmedabad and Vadodara , 6 km from the town of Anand . V.V.Nagar is known as educational hub of Gujarat . It is a home to the prestigious Sardar Patel University .'}]}, {'value': 'SFI', 'urls': []}, {'value': '384.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Centre for Management Studies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dharmsinh Desai University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dharmsinh_Desai_University', 'summary': "Dharmsinh Desai Institute of Technology was founded in 1968 by Dharmsinh Desai , who then was a member of Parliament , as an institution of higher learning in the field of Engineering and Technology . It achieved autonomous status under Gujarat University in 1991 , and Deemed University status in June 2000 . In 2005 the institute achieved full university status and was renamed Dharmsinh Desai University . The university initiated a bachelor 's course in Dental Surgery in 2005 , while the Faculty of Pharmacy was established at the University in 2006 . It is the first university in Gujarat to obtain the permission to start Nanotechnology courses in 2012 . The university was granted the permission by Medical Council of India , to start new Medical College from the academic year 2019-20 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nadiad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nadiad', 'summary': 'Nadiad is a city in the state of Gujarat , India and the administrative centre of the Kheda district .'}]}, {'value': 'GIA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '385.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Department of Business & Industrial Management', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veer Narmad South Gujarat University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veer_Narmad_South_Gujarat_University', 'summary': 'Veer Narmad South Gujarat University is a public university located in the city of Surat , Gujarat , India , the 4th fastest growing city in the world . Previously known as South Gujarat University , it was renamed in 2004 in honour of the famous scholar and Gujarati poet Narmad . Incorporated in 1967 , the university offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses , including non-traditional postgraduate departments such as public administration , rural studies , comparative literature , and aquatic biology .'}]}, {'value': 'Surat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Surat', 'summary': "Surat is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat . It used to be a large seaport and is now the commercial and economic center in South Gujarat , which is famous for its diamonds and textile Industries and as a shopping centre for apparels and accessories . It is the eighth largest city and ninth largest urban agglomeration in India . It is the administrative capital of the Surat district . The city is located 284 kilometres ( 176 mi ) south of the state capital , Gandhinagar ; 265 kilometres ( 165 mi ) south of Ahmedabad ; and 289 kilometres ( 180 mi ) north of Mumbai . The city centre is located on the Tapti River , close to Arabian Sea . Surat will be the world 's fastest growing city from 2019 to 2035 , according to a study conducted by Economic Times . The city registered an annualised GDP growth rate of 11.5% over the seven fiscal years between 2001 and 2008 . Surat was awarded best city by the Annual Survey of India 's City-Systems ( ASICS ) in 2013 . Surat is selected as the first smart IT city in India which is being constituted by the Microsoft CityNext Initiative tied up with IT services majors Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro . The city has 2.97 million internet users , about 65% of total population . Surat was selected in 2015 for an IBM Smarter Cities Challenge grant ."}]}, {'value': 'GIA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '433.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GLS Institute of Computer Technology', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmedabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmedabad', 'summary': "Ahmedabad ( /ˈəhmədɑːbɑːd/ ( listen ) , pronounced as Amdavad in Gujarati ) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat . It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court . Ahmedabad 's population of 5,633,927 ( as per 2011 population census ) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India , and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh-most populous in India . Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River , 23 km ( 14 mi ) from the state capital Gandhinagar , which is its twin city . Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India . It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India , and its stock exchange is the country 's second oldest . Cricket is a popular sport in Ahmedabad , which houses the 54,000-seat Sardar Patel Stadium . The effects of liberalisation of the Indian economy have energised the city 's economy towards tertiary sector activities such as commerce , communication and construction . Ahmedabad 's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in recent development of skyscrapers . In 2010 Ahmedabad was ranked third in Forbes 's list of fastest growing cities of the decade . In 2012 , The Times of India chose Ahmedabad as India 's best city to live in . As of 2014 , Ahmedabad 's estimated gross domestic product was $ 64 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'SFI', 'urls': []}, {'value': '445.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Centre for Management Studies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dharmsinh Desai University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dharmsinh_Desai_University', 'summary': "Dharmsinh Desai Institute of Technology was founded in 1968 by Dharmsinh Desai , who then was a member of Parliament , as an institution of higher learning in the field of Engineering and Technology . It achieved autonomous status under Gujarat University in 1991 , and Deemed University status in June 2000 . In 2005 the institute achieved full university status and was renamed Dharmsinh Desai University . The university initiated a bachelor 's course in Dental Surgery in 2005 , while the Faculty of Pharmacy was established at the University in 2006 . It is the first university in Gujarat to obtain the permission to start Nanotechnology courses in 2012 . The university was granted the permission by Medical Council of India , to start new Medical College from the academic year 2019-20 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nadiad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nadiad', 'summary': 'Nadiad is a city in the state of Gujarat , India and the administrative centre of the Kheda district .'}]}, {'value': 'SFI', 'urls': []}, {'value': '546.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shri Chimanbhai Patel Institute of Management & Research', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gujarat University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gujarat_University', 'summary': 'Gujarat University is a public state university located at Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India . The university is an affiliating university at the under-graduate level and a teaching university at the postgraduate level . It is accredited B++ by NAAC . It was established in 1949 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ahmedabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmedabad', 'summary': "Ahmedabad ( /ˈəhmədɑːbɑːd/ ( listen ) , pronounced as Amdavad in Gujarati ) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat . It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court . Ahmedabad 's population of 5,633,927 ( as per 2011 population census ) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India , and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh-most populous in India . Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River , 23 km ( 14 mi ) from the state capital Gandhinagar , which is its twin city . Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India . It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India , and its stock exchange is the country 's second oldest . Cricket is a popular sport in Ahmedabad , which houses the 54,000-seat Sardar Patel Stadium . The effects of liberalisation of the Indian economy have energised the city 's economy towards tertiary sector activities such as commerce , communication and construction . Ahmedabad 's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in recent development of skyscrapers . In 2010 Ahmedabad was ranked third in Forbes 's list of fastest growing cities of the decade . In 2012 , The Times of India chose Ahmedabad as India 's best city to live in . As of 2014 , Ahmedabad 's estimated gross domestic product was $ 64 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'SFI', 'urls': []}, {'value': '623.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RD Gardi Institute of Business Management', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saurashtra University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saurashtra_University', 'summary': 'Saurashtra University is one of the significant universities in Gujarat state in India . This university was established on 23 May 1967 , in Rajkot city , and the administrative headquarters are at Rajkot Saurashtra University was created on a rigorous demand , for a separate university out of Gujarat University ( Ahmedabad ) , from the eminent educationists and freedom fighters of the Saurashtra region . The demand was more prominent after the creation of Gujarat state on May 1 , 1961 . The Saurashtra University Act was passed by the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat in the year 1965 ( Gujarat Act No . 39 of 1965 ) . Saurashtra University , established on 23 May 1967 , having two headquarters in the initial stage i.e . Rajkot and Bhavnagar . After the incorporation of the Bhavnagar University , Rajkot became the sole headquarters of the Saurashtra University . The campus of the university is spread over 363 acres ( 147 ha ) of land . The present jurisdiction of the University includes Amreli , Jamnagar , Rajkot , Surendranagar , and Morbi districts . It has 29 Post Graduate Departments on its campus and 238 affiliated colleges . The university has important seats of learning spreading knowledge in the respective fields i.e .'}]}, {'value': 'Rajkot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajkot', 'summary': 'Rajkot ( Hindustani : [ ˈraːdʒkoːʈ ] ( listen ) ) is the fourth-largest city in the state of Gujarat , India , after Ahmedabad , Surat and Vadodara and is in the center of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat . Rajkot is the 35th-largest metropolitan area in India , with a population of more than 1.8 million as of 2018 . Rajkot is the ninth-cleanest city of India , and is the 22nd-fastest-growing city in the world as of July 2019 . The city contains the administrative headquarters of the Rajkot District , 245 km from the state capital Gandhinagar , and is located on the banks of the Aji and Nyari rivers . Rajkot was the capital of the Saurashtra State from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956 , before its merger with Bombay State on 1 November 1956 . Rajkot was reincorporated into Gujarat State on 1 May 1960 .'}]}, {'value': 'GIA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '668.0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'MBA programmes -- GCET 2009', 'section_text': '5,429 MBA admissions were given . Out of it , 3,298 admissions were from Open/General category ; while 1,463 from SEBC category . [ 2 ] 7% seats are reserved for Scheduled Caste , 15% for Scheduled Tribes and 27% seats are for Socially & Educationally Backward Classes ( including widows and orphans ) . [ 3 ]', 'uid': 'Gujarat_Common_Entrance_Test_0', 'intro': 'Gujarat Common Entrance Test (GCET) is an annual common entrance exam for MBA and MCA studies in Gujarat, India, since 2002. Every year it is conducted between March to August. Gujarat Technological University was inaugurated in October 2007. Then, it started conducting GCET.'} | null | null | What is the Name of Institute whose university was founded in 1968 ? | Centre for Management Studies |
0b8f7fa76850d718 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1958', 'title': 'List of Japanese films of 1958', 'header': ['Title', 'Director', 'Cast', 'Genre'], 'data': [{'value': 'Anzukko', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mikio Naruse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikio_Naruse', 'summary': "Mikio Naruse ( 成瀬 巳喜男 , Naruse Mikio , August 20 , 1905 - July 2 , 1969 ) was a Japanese filmmaker , screenwriter , and producer who directed some 89 films spanning the period 1930 ( towards the end of the silent period in Japan ) to 1967 . Naruse is known for imbuing his films with a bleak and pessimistic outlook . He made primarily shomin-geki ( working-class drama ) films with female protagonists , portrayed by actresses such as Hideko Takamine , Kinuyo Tanaka , and Setsuko Hara . Because of his focus on family drama and the intersection of traditional and modern Japanese culture , his films are frequently compared with the works of Yasujirō Ozu . His reputation is just behind Akira Kurosawa , Kenji Mizoguchi , and Ozu in Japan and internationally ; his work remains less well known outside Japan than theirs . Among Naruse 's most revered films are Late Chrysanthemums ( 1954 ) , Floating Clouds ( 1955 ) , and When a Woman Ascends the Stairs ( 1960 ) . Akira Kurosawa referred to Naruse 's style of melodrama as like a great river with a calm surface and a raging current in its depths ."}]}, {'value': 'So Yamamura Kyōko Kagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/So_Yamamura', 'summary': 'So Yamamura ( 山村聰 , Yamamura Sō , 24 February 1910 - 26 May 2000 ) was a Japanese actor and film director . He appeared in more than 110 films between 1947 and 1991 , and directed four films . He was also known by the name Satoshi Yamamura , while his actual birth name is Koga Hirosada . In the US , he is well known for his portrayals of Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto of the Combined Fleet , in Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! , and of Mr. Sakamoto , the CEO of Assan Motors in Gung Ho .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyōko_Kagawa', 'summary': 'Kyōko Kagawa ( 香川 京子 , Kagawa Kyōko , born 5 December 1931 ) is a Japanese actress known for her roles in films like Tokyo Story , Sansho the Bailiff , Mothra , and High and Low . She has appeared in 118 films . Her most recent film was Ballad in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drama_film', 'summary': 'In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio .'}]}, {'value': 'The Ballad of Narayama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Narayama_(1958_film)', 'summary': 'The Ballad of Narayama ( 楢山節考 , Narayama-bushi Kō ) is a 1958 Japanese period film directed by Keisuke Kinoshita and based on the 1956 novella of the same name by Shichirō Fukazawa . The film explores the legendary practice of obasute , in which elderly people were carried to a mountain and abandoned to die .'}]}, {'value': 'Keisuke Kinoshita', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keisuke_Kinoshita', 'summary': 'Keisuke Kinoshita ( 木下 惠介 , Kinoshita Keisuke , December 5 , 1912 - December 30 , 1998 ) was a Japanese film director . Kinoshita was highly prolific , turning out some 42 films in the first 23 years of his career . For this , Kinoshita explained that he cant help it . Ideas for films have always just popped into my head like scraps of paper into a wastebasket . While lesser-known internationally than contemporaries such as Akira Kurosawa , Kenji Mizoguchi and Yasujirō Ozu , he was a household figure in his home country , beloved by both critics and audiences from the 1940s to the 1960s .'}]}, {'value': 'Kinuyo Tanaka , Teiji Takahashi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kinuyo_Tanaka', 'summary': 'Kinuyo Tanaka ( 田中 絹代 , Tanaka Kinuyo , 29 November 1909 - 21 March 1977 ) was a Japanese actress and director . She had a career lasting over 50 years with more than 250 credited films , and was best known for her roles in collaboration with director Kenji Mizoguchi over 15 films between 1940 and 1954 . She was also a second cousin to director Masaki Kobayashi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Teiji_Takahashi', 'summary': 'Teiji Takahashi ( 高橋 貞二 , Takahashi Teiji , 20 October 1926 - 3 November 1959 ) was a Japanese film actor . He appeared in more than twenty films from 1950 to 1959 . Takahashi died in a traffic accident .'}]}, {'value': 'Jidaigeki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jidaigeki', 'summary': 'Jidaigeki ( 時代劇 , lit . era drama ) is a genre of film , television , video game , and theatre in Japan . Literally meaning period dramas , they are most often set during the Edo period of Japanese history , from 1603 to 1868 . Some , however , are set much earlier - Portrait of Hell , for example , is set during the late Heian period - and the early Meiji era is also a popular setting . Jidaigeki show the lives of the samurai , farmers , craftsmen , and merchants of their time . Jidaigeki films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies , a word meaning sword fight , though chambara is more accurately a subgenre of jidaigeki . Jidaigeki rely on an established set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup , language , catchphrases , and plotlines .'}]}, {'value': 'Black Cat Mansion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Borei_Kaibyo_Yashiki', 'summary': "Black Cat Mansion ( Japanese : 亡霊怪猫屋敷 , Hepburn : Bōrei kaibyō yashiki , lit . Mansion of the Ghost Cat ) is a 1958 Japanese horror film directed by Nobuo Nakagawa . The film is presented in a nonlinear narrative , taking place in the characters ' present and past ( which are filmed in blue-tinted black-and-white ) , and in the distant past ( filmed in color ) . The film was not dubbed in English , nor was it shown theatrically in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Nobuo Nakagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nobuo_Nakagawa', 'summary': 'Nobuo Nakagawa ( 中川 信夫 , Nakagawa Nobuo , April 18 , 1905 - June 17 , 1984 ) was a Japanese film director , most famous for the stylized , folk tale-influenced horror films he made in the 1950s and 1960s .'}]}, {'value': 'Toshio Hosokawa , Midori Chikuma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toshio_Hosokawa', 'summary': 'Toshio Hosokawa ( 細川 俊夫 , Hosokawa Toshio , born 23 October 1955 ) is a Japanese composer of contemporary classical music . He studied in Germany but returned to Japan , finding a personal style inspired by classical Japanese music and culture . He has composed operas , the oratorio Voiceless Voice in Hiroshima , and instrumental music . He was the cofounder and artistic director of a Japanese festival for contemporary music and has been a composer in residence at international festivals such as the Venice Biennale , Lucerne Festival , Warsaw Autumn and Rheingau Musik Festival . His operas premiered at the Munich Biennale and La Monnaie , among others .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Boy and Three Mothers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seiji Hisamatsu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seiji_Hisamatsu', 'summary': 'Seiji Hisamatsu ( 久松 静児 , Hisamatsu Seiji ) ( 20 February 1912 - 28 December 1990 ) was a Japanese film director . He directed 101 films between 1934 and 1965 .'}]}, {'value': 'Terumi Niki , Isuzu Yamada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terumi_Niki', 'summary': "Terumi Niki ( 二木 てるみ , Niki Terumi , born May 11 , 1949 ) is a Japanese actress from Tokyo . Since a child , she has been a member of the Japanese Theatrical Company Gekidan Wakakusa , of which she has joined in 1953 . She played the young girl Otoyo in Akira Kurosawa 's Red Beard ( 1965 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Isuzu_Yamada', 'summary': 'Isuzu Yamada ( 山田 五十鈴 , Yamada Isuzu , 5 February 1917 - 9 July 2012 ) was a Japanese actress whose career on stage and screen spanned eight decades .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Conflagration', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kon Ichikawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kon_Ichikawa', 'summary': 'Kon Ichikawa ( 市川 崑 , Ichikawa Kon , 20 November 1915 - 13 February 2008 ) was a Japanese film director .'}]}, {'value': 'Raizo Ichikawa Tatsuya Nakadai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raizo_Ichikawa', 'summary': 'Ichikawa Raizō VIII ( 八代目 市川 雷蔵 , Hachidaime Ichikawa Raizō , August 29 , 1931 - July 17 , 1969 ) was a Japanese film and kabuki actor . His birth name was Akio Kamezaki ( 亀崎 章雄 , Kamezaki Akio ) , and his name was legally changed several times , first to Yoshio Takeuchi ( 武内 嘉男 , Takeuchi Yoshio ) , and later to Yoshiya Ōta ( 太田 吉哉 , Ōta Yoshiya ) , separate from his performing name . Six months after his birth in Kyoto he became the adopted son of Ichikawa Kudanji III ( 三代目 市川 九團次 , Sandaime Ichikawa Kudanji ) . He made his kabuki acting debut at the age of 15 under the name Ichikawa Enzō ( 市川延蔵 , Ichikawa Enzō ) . In 1951 he was adopted by Ichikawa Jūkai III ( 三代目 市川 壽海 , Sandaime Ichikawa Jūkai ) and was renamed as Ichikawa Raizō VIII . In 1954 he began a career as a film actor . He received breakout acclaim for his performance in Enjō and received several awards for the performance including the Blue Ribbon Award and the Kinema Junpo Award , both for the category of Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role . Among his fans he was referred to lovingly as Rai-sama . In June 1968 he was diagnosed with and underwent surgery for rectal cancer , but it metastasized to his liver and he died the following year . Ichikawa Raizō appeared mostly in period dramas ( jidaigeki ) . He is best known for the Sleepy Eyes of Death ( Nemuri Kyoshirō ) series , Ninja ( Shinobi no Mono ) series and Nakano Spy School ( Rikugun Nakano Gakkō ) series ( based on the Nakano School ) . Raizō worked many times with director Kenji Misumi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tatsuya_Nakadai', 'summary': "Tatsuya Nakadai ( 仲代 達矢 , Nakadai Tatsuya , born Motohisa Nakadai ; December 13 , 1932 ) is a Japanese film actor famous for the wide variety of characters he has portrayed and many collaborations with famous Japanese film directors . He was featured in 11 films directed by Masaki Kobayashi , including The Human Condition trilogy , wherein he starred as the lead character Kaji , plus Harakiri , Samurai Rebellion and Kwaidan . Nakadai worked with a number of Japan 's best-known filmmakers - starring or co-starring in five films directed by Akira Kurosawa , as well as being cast in significant films directed by Hiroshi Teshigahara ( The Face of Another ) , Mikio Naruse ( When a Woman Ascends the Stairs ) , Kihachi Okamoto ( Kill ! and The Sword of Doom ) , Hideo Gosha ( Goyokin ) , Shirō Toyoda ( Portrait of Hell ) and Kon Ichikawa ( Enjō and Odd Obsession ) ."}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Endless Desire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Endless_Desire', 'summary': "Endless Desire ( 果てしなき欲望 , Hateshinaki yokubo ) is a 1958 Japanese film by director Shohei Imamura . This was Imamura 's third film as director . Imamura had wanted to film his own project , but Nikkatsu assigned him this light comedy instead . [ failed verification ]"}]}, {'value': 'Shohei Imamura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shohei_Imamura', 'summary': "Shohei Imamura ( 今村 昌平 , Imamura Shōhei , 15 September 1926 - 30 May 2006 ) was a Japanese film director . A key figure in the Japanese New Wave , who continued working into the 21st century , Imamura is the only director from Japan to win two Palme d'Or awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Shizuko Kasagi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shizuko_Kasagi', 'summary': 'Shizuko Kasagi ( 笠置 シヅ子 , Kasagi Shizuko , 25 August 1914 - 30 March 1985 ) was a popular Japanese jazz singer and actress . At the peak of her fame in the immediate post-war era , she was known as the Queen of the Boogie-Woogie ( ブギの女王 , Bugi no Joō ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Equinox Flower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equinox_Flower', 'summary': "Equinox Flower ( 彼岸花 , Higanbana ) is a 1958 color Japanese film directed by Yasujirō Ozu . The film is based on a novel by Ton Satomi . The film won the 1958 Blue Ribbon Award for Fujiko Yamamoto 's performance as Best Actress ."}]}, {'value': 'Yasujirō Ozu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yasujirō_Ozu', 'summary': "Yasujirō Ozu ( 小津 安二郎 , Ozu Yasujirō , 12 December 1903 - 12 December 1963 ) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter . He began his career during the era of silent films , and his last films were made in color in the early 1960s . Ozu first made a number of short comedies , before turning to more serious themes in the 1930s . The most prominent themes of Ozu 's work are marriage and family , especially the relationships between generations . His most widely acclaimed films include Late Spring ( 1949 ) , Tokyo Story ( 1953 ) , Floating Weeds ( 1959 ) , and An Autumn Afternoon ( 1962 ) . His reputation has continued to grow since his death , and he is widely regarded as one of the world 's most influential directors . In the 2012 Sight & Sound poll , Ozu 's Tokyo Story was voted the greatest film of all time by filmmakers worldwide , and the third-greatest film of all time by critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Shin Saburi Kinuyo Tanaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shin_Saburi', 'summary': 'Shin Saburi ( 佐分利 信 , Saburi Shin ; February 12 , 1909 in Utashinai , Hokkaidō , Japan - September 22 , 1982 ) was a Japanese film actor noted for his leading roles in a number of films by the director Yasujirō Ozu including Brothers and Sisters of the Toda Family ( 1941 ) , Tea Over Rice ( 1952 ) , Equinox Flower ( 1958 ) and Late Autumn ( 1960 ) . He also directed over a dozen films .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kinuyo_Tanaka', 'summary': 'Kinuyo Tanaka ( 田中 絹代 , Tanaka Kinuyo , 29 November 1909 - 21 March 1977 ) was a Japanese actress and director . She had a career lasting over 50 years with more than 250 credited films , and was best known for her roles in collaboration with director Kenji Mizoguchi over 15 films between 1940 and 1954 . She was also a second cousin to director Masaki Kobayashi .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Gay Masquerade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Gay_Masquerade', 'summary': 'The Gay Masquerade ( 弁天小僧 , Benten Kozō ) a.k.a . The Jovial Rascals of Edo , is a 1958 color Japanese film directed by Daisuke Itō . The film won 1959 Blue Ribbon Awards for best actor Raizo Ichikawa and for best cinematography Kazuo Miyagawa . The film also won 1959 Kinema Junpo Award for best actor Raizo Ichikawa .'}]}, {'value': 'Daisuke Itō', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daisuke_Itō_(film_director)', 'summary': 'Daisuke Itō ( 伊藤 大輔 , Itō Daisuke , 12 October 1898 - 19 July 1981 ) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter who played a central role in the development of the modern jidaigeki and samurai cinema .'}]}, {'value': 'Raizo Ichikawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raizo_Ichikawa', 'summary': 'Ichikawa Raizō VIII ( 八代目 市川 雷蔵 , Hachidaime Ichikawa Raizō , August 29 , 1931 - July 17 , 1969 ) was a Japanese film and kabuki actor . His birth name was Akio Kamezaki ( 亀崎 章雄 , Kamezaki Akio ) , and his name was legally changed several times , first to Yoshio Takeuchi ( 武内 嘉男 , Takeuchi Yoshio ) , and later to Yoshiya Ōta ( 太田 吉哉 , Ōta Yoshiya ) , separate from his performing name . Six months after his birth in Kyoto he became the adopted son of Ichikawa Kudanji III ( 三代目 市川 九團次 , Sandaime Ichikawa Kudanji ) . He made his kabuki acting debut at the age of 15 under the name Ichikawa Enzō ( 市川延蔵 , Ichikawa Enzō ) . In 1951 he was adopted by Ichikawa Jūkai III ( 三代目 市川 壽海 , Sandaime Ichikawa Jūkai ) and was renamed as Ichikawa Raizō VIII . In 1954 he began a career as a film actor . He received breakout acclaim for his performance in Enjō and received several awards for the performance including the Blue Ribbon Award and the Kinema Junpo Award , both for the category of Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role . Among his fans he was referred to lovingly as Rai-sama . In June 1968 he was diagnosed with and underwent surgery for rectal cancer , but it metastasized to his liver and he died the following year . Ichikawa Raizō appeared mostly in period dramas ( jidaigeki ) . He is best known for the Sleepy Eyes of Death ( Nemuri Kyoshirō ) series , Ninja ( Shinobi no Mono ) series and Nakano Spy School ( Rikugun Nakano Gakkō ) series ( based on the Nakano School ) . Raizō worked many times with director Kenji Misumi .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ghost-Cat Wall of Hatred', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghost-Cat_Wall_of_Hatred', 'summary': 'Ghost-Cat Wall of Hatred a.k.a . The Ghost-Cat Cursed Wall ( 怪猫呪いの壁 , Kaibyo noroi no kabe ) is a 1958 black and white Japanese horror film directed by Kenji Misumi for Daiei Films .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenji Misumi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenji_Misumi', 'summary': 'Kenji Misumi ( 三隅 研次 , Misumi Kenji ) ( 2 March 1921 - 24 September 1975 ) was a Japanese film director . He created film series such as Lone Wolf and Cub and the initial film in the long-running Zatoichi series , and also directed Hanzo the Razor : Sword of Justice , starring Shintaro Katsu . He died at age 54 . In 2012 , his 1973 film Sakura no Daimon was voted by Makoto Shinozaki at the BFI The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time .'}]}, {'value': 'Shintaro Katsu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shintaro_Katsu', 'summary': 'Shintaro Katsu ( Japanese : 勝 新太郎 , Hepburn : Katsu Shintarō , 29 November 1931 - 21 June 1997 ) was a Japanese actor , singer , producer , and director .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giants and Toys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giants_and_Toys', 'summary': "Giants and Toys ( 巨人と玩具 , Kyojin to gangu ) is a 1958 Japanese comedy film directed by Yasuzo Masumura and starring Hiroshi Kawaguchi . It portrays the increasingly frenzied efforts of the World candy company to compete with the rival Giant and Apollo companies over caramel sales . World ( under the leadership of the Machiavellian Mr Goda ) discovers a tomboy girl with bad teeth to be the center of their promotional campaign , involving colorful space suits and ray guns . It turns out that as she becomes famous that she 's less and less inclined to go along with World 's plans for her . The film satirizes the instant manufacture of media stars , the decline of a gentlemanly business ethos ( or the tradition of bushido ) and rise of a culture of ruthless corporate skulduggery , and the emphasis on work at the expense of personal life and health - Mr Goda 's health has been so ruined by his diet of pep pills and tranquilizers by the end of the film that he is regularly coughing up blood ."}]}, {'value': 'Yasuzo Masumura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yasuzo_Masumura', 'summary': 'Yasuzo Masumura ( 増村 保造 , Masumura Yasuzō , August 25 , 1924 - November 23 , 1986 ) was a Japanese film director .'}]}, {'value': 'Hiroshi Kawaguchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiroshi_Kawaguchi_(actor)', 'summary': "Hiroshi Kawaguchi ( 川口 浩 , 22 August 1936 - 11 November 1987 ) was a Japanese film actor . He appeared in 37 films between 1956 and 1983 . He was born in Tokyo , Japan . Kawaguchi 's father worked for Daiei Film , where Kawaguchi acted ."}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The H-Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_H-Man', 'summary': 'The H-Man ( 美女と液体人間 , Bijo to Ekitai-ningen , lit . Beauty and the Liquid People ) is a Japanese science fiction and thriller film .'}]}, {'value': 'Ishirō Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ishirō_Honda', 'summary': 'Ishirō Honda ( 本多猪四郎 , Honda Ishirō , 7 May 1911 - 28 February 1993 ) , sometimes miscredited in foreign releases as Inoshiro Honda , was a Japanese film director and screenwriter . He is best known for his kaiju and tokusatsu films , including several entries in the Godzilla franchise , but also worked extensively in the documentary and war genres earlier in his career . Honda was also a lifelong friend and collaborator of Akira Kurosawa , and worked with Kurosawa extensively during the 1980s and 1990s .'}]}, {'value': 'Yumi Shirakawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumi_Shirakawa', 'summary': 'Yumi Shirakawa ( 白川 由美 , Shirakawa Yumi , 21 November 1936 - 14 June 2016 ) was a Japanese film and television actress . She starred in Rodan ( 1956 ) and many other Japanese movies and TV shows . She was married to actor Hideaki Nitani until his death in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Science fiction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Science_fiction_film', 'summary': "Science fiction film ( or sci-fi film ) is a genre that uses speculative , fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science , such as extraterrestrial lifeforms , alien worlds , extrasensory perception and time travel , along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft , robots , cyborgs , interstellar travel or other technologies . Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues , and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition . In many cases , tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held . The genre has existed since the early years of silent cinema , when Georges Melies ' A Trip to the Moon ( 1902 ) employed trick photography effects . The next major example in the genre was the film Metropolis ( 1927 ) . From the 1930s to the 1950s , the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B movies . After Stanley Kubrick 's landmark 2001 : A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) , the science fiction film genre was taken more seriously . In the late 1970s , big-budget science fiction films filled with special effects became popular with audiences after the success of Star Wars and paved the way for the blockbuster hits of subsequent decades ."}]}, {'value': 'Herringbone Clouds ( Summer Clouds )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mikio Naruse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikio_Naruse', 'summary': "Mikio Naruse ( 成瀬 巳喜男 , Naruse Mikio , August 20 , 1905 - July 2 , 1969 ) was a Japanese filmmaker , screenwriter , and producer who directed some 89 films spanning the period 1930 ( towards the end of the silent period in Japan ) to 1967 . Naruse is known for imbuing his films with a bleak and pessimistic outlook . He made primarily shomin-geki ( working-class drama ) films with female protagonists , portrayed by actresses such as Hideko Takamine , Kinuyo Tanaka , and Setsuko Hara . Because of his focus on family drama and the intersection of traditional and modern Japanese culture , his films are frequently compared with the works of Yasujirō Ozu . His reputation is just behind Akira Kurosawa , Kenji Mizoguchi , and Ozu in Japan and internationally ; his work remains less well known outside Japan than theirs . Among Naruse 's most revered films are Late Chrysanthemums ( 1954 ) , Floating Clouds ( 1955 ) , and When a Woman Ascends the Stairs ( 1960 ) . Akira Kurosawa referred to Naruse 's style of melodrama as like a great river with a calm surface and a raging current in its depths ."}]}, {'value': 'Kyōko Kagawa Michiyo Aratama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyōko_Kagawa', 'summary': 'Kyōko Kagawa ( 香川 京子 , Kagawa Kyōko , born 5 December 1931 ) is a Japanese actress known for her roles in films like Tokyo Story , Sansho the Bailiff , Mothra , and High and Low . She has appeared in 118 films . Her most recent film was Ballad in 2009 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Michiyo_Aratama', 'summary': "Michiyo Aratama ( 新珠 三千代 , Aratama Michiyo , birth name Kyoko Toda 戸田 馨子 , 15 January 1930 - 17 March 2001 ) was a Japanese actress who appeared in leading and supporting roles in such films as Hiroshi Inagaki 's Chushingura : Hana no Maki , Yuki no Maki , Kihachi Okamoto 's Samurai Assassin and Sword of Doom , and Masaki Kobayashi 's Kwaidan , Hymn to a Tired Man and The Human Condition trilogy . She died of heart failure . in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drama_film', 'summary': 'In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio .'}]}, {'value': 'The Hidden Fortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hidden_Fortress', 'summary': 'The Hidden Fortress ( 隠し砦の三悪人 , Kakushi toride no san akunin , literally , The Three Villains of the Hidden Fortress ) is a 1958 jidaigeki adventure film directed by Akira Kurosawa . It narrates the story of two peasants who agree to escort a man and a woman across enemy lines in return for gold without knowing that he is a General and the woman is a Princess . The film stars Toshiro Mifune as General Makabe Rokurōta ( 真壁 六郎太 ) and Misa Uehara as Princess Yuki while the role of the peasants , Tahei and Matashichi , are essayed by Minoru Chiaki and Kamatari Fujiwara respectively .'}]}, {'value': 'Akira Kurosawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa', 'summary': "Akira Kurosawa ( Japanese : 黒澤明 or 黒沢明 or 黑澤明 Kurosawa Akira ; March 23 , 1910 - September 6 , 1998 ) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter , who directed 30 films in a career spanning 57 years . He is regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema . Kurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936 , following a brief stint as a painter . After years of working on numerous films as an assistant director and scriptwriter , he made his debut as a director during World War II with the popular action film Sanshiro Sugata ( a.k.a . Judo Saga ) . After the war , the critically acclaimed Drunken Angel ( 1948 ) , in which Kurosawa cast then-unknown actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role , cemented the director 's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan . The two men would go on to collaborate on another 15 films . Rashomon , which premiered in Tokyo , became the surprise winner of the Golden Lion at the 1951 Venice Film Festival . The commercial and critical success of that film opened up Western film markets for the first time to the products of the Japanese film industry , which in turn led to international recognition for other Japanese filmmakers . Kurosawa directed approximately one film per year throughout the 1950s and early 1960s , including a number of highly regarded ( and often adapted ) films , such as Ikiru ( 1952 ) , Seven Samurai ( 1954 ) and Yojimbo ( 1961 ) . After the 1960s he became much less prolific ; even so , his later work - including his final two epics , Kagemusha ( 1980 ) and Ran ( 1985 ) - continued to win awards , though more often abroad than in Japan . In 1990 , he accepted the Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement ."}]}, {'value': 'Toshirō Mifune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toshirō_Mifune', 'summary': "Toshiro Mifune ( 三船 敏郎 , Mifune Toshirō , April 1 , 1920 - December 24 , 1997 ) was a Japanese actor who appeared in over 150 feature films . He is best known for his 16-film collaboration ( 1948-65 ) with Akira Kurosawa in such works as Rashomon , Seven Samurai , The Hidden Fortress , Throne of Blood , and Yojimbo . He also portrayed Miyamoto Musashi in Hiroshi Inagaki 's Samurai Trilogy and one earlier Inagaki film , Lord Toranaga in the NBC television miniseries Shōgun , and Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in three different films ."}]}, {'value': 'Samurai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samurai_film', 'summary': 'Chanbara ( チャンバラ ) , also commonly spelled chambara , meaning sword fighting movies , denotes the Japanese film genre called samurai cinema in English and is roughly equivalent to western cowboy and swashbuckler films . Chanbara is a sub-category of jidaigeki , which equates to period drama . Jidaigeki may refer to a story set in a historical period , though not necessarily dealing with a samurai character or depicting swordplay . While earlier samurai period pieces were more dramatic rather than action-based , samurai movies produced post World War II have become more action-based , with darker and more violent characters . Post war samurai epics tended to portray psychologically or physically scarred warriors . Akira Kurosawa stylized and exaggerated death and violence in samurai epics . His samurai , and many others portrayed in film , were solitary figures , more often concerned with concealing their martial abilities , rather than showing them off . Historically , the genre is usually set during the Tokugawa era ( 1600-1868 ) . The samurai film hence often focuses on the end of an entire way of life for the samurai : many of the films deal with masterless rōnin , or samurai dealing with changes to their status resulting from a changing society . Samurai films were constantly made into the early 1970s , but by then , overexposure on television , the aging of the big stars of the genre , and the continued decline of the mainstream Japanese film industry put a halt to most of the production of this genre .'}]}, {'value': 'Hitogui Ama ( Cannibal Ama )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hitogui_Ama', 'summary': "Cannibal Ama ( 人喰海女 , Hitogui Ama ) is a 1958 Japanese film directed by Yoshiki Onoda and starring Yōko Mihara . The film marked Mihara 's debut as the star of Shintoho 's series of ama films , a role she took over from Michiko Maeda . The film has never been released on home video , but is not lost as some sources claim ."}]}, {'value': 'Yoshiki Onoda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoshiki_Onoda', 'summary': 'Yoshiki Onoda ( 小野田 嘉幹 , Onoda Yoshiki , born July 12 , 1925 in Tokyo ) is a Japanese film director and writer .'}]}, {'value': 'Yōko Mihara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yōko_Mihara', 'summary': 'Yōko Mihara ( 三原 葉子 , Mihara Yōko ) was an actress of Japanese exploitation cinema , erotic dancer and pin-up model who was active from the 1950s to 1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'Shintoho ama film', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shintoho', 'summary': 'Shintoho Co. Ltd. ( 新東宝株式会社 , Shintōhō kabushiki kaisha , or New Tōhō Company ) was a Japanese movie studio . It was one of the big six film studios ( which also included Daiei , Nikkatsu , Shochiku , Toei Company , and Toho ) during the Golden Age of Japanese cinema . It was founded by defectors from the original Toho company following a bitter strike in 1947 . To compete with the other major studios in the horror/supernatural movie field , Shintoho turned out a large group of such films between 1957 and 1960 , including a number of period ghost movies and low-budget science fiction films ( such as the Starman ( Super Giant ) series which was designed to compete with rival then-popular characters Planet Prince , Space Chief and Moonlight Mask ) . Shintoho declared bankruptcy in 1961 , its last production being Jigoku .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ama_divers', 'summary': 'Ama ( Japanese : 海女 , sea women ) are Japanese divers , famous for collecting pearls . They are also known as uminchu ( in Okinawan ) or kaito ( in the Izu Peninsula ) . The vast majority of ama are women .'}]}, {'value': 'A Holiday in Tokyo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kajiro Yamamoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kajiro_Yamamoto', 'summary': 'Kajirō Yamamoto ( 山本 嘉次郎 , Yamamoto Kajirō , 15 March 1902 - 21 September 1974 ) was a Japanese film director , screenwriter , and actor who was known for his war films and comedies and as the mentor of Akira Kurosawa . The combined list of his efforts as a director for documentaries , silent , and sound films includes over 90 film titles during his lifetime .'}]}, {'value': 'Yoshiko Yamaguchi Toshirō Mifune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoshiko_Yamaguchi', 'summary': "Yoshiko Yamaguchi ( 山口 淑子 , Yamaguchi Yoshiko , 12 February 1920 - 7 September 2014 ) was a Chinese-born Japanese actress and singer who made a career in China , Hong Kong , Japan and the United States . Early in her career , the Manchukuo Film Association concealed her Japanese origin and she went by the Chinese name Li Xianglan , rendered in Japanese as Ri Kōran . This allowed her to represent China in Japanese propaganda movies . After the war , she appeared in Japanese movies under her real name , as well as in several English language movies under the stage name Shirley Yamaguchi . She was elected as a member of the Japanese parliament in the 1970s and served for 18 years . After retiring from politics , she served as vice president of the Asian Women 's Fund ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toshirō_Mifune', 'summary': "Toshiro Mifune ( 三船 敏郎 , Mifune Toshirō , April 1 , 1920 - December 24 , 1997 ) was a Japanese actor who appeared in over 150 feature films . He is best known for his 16-film collaboration ( 1948-65 ) with Akira Kurosawa in such works as Rashomon , Seven Samurai , The Hidden Fortress , Throne of Blood , and Yojimbo . He also portrayed Miyamoto Musashi in Hiroshi Inagaki 's Samurai Trilogy and one earlier Inagaki film , Lord Toranaga in the NBC television miniseries Shōgun , and Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in three different films ."}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drama_film', 'summary': 'In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio .'}]}, {'value': 'Josei S.O.S', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hisanobu Marubayashi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yumi Shirakawa , Yoshio Tsuchiya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumi_Shirakawa', 'summary': 'Yumi Shirakawa ( 白川 由美 , Shirakawa Yumi , 21 November 1936 - 14 June 2016 ) was a Japanese film and television actress . She starred in Rodan ( 1956 ) and many other Japanese movies and TV shows . She was married to actor Hideaki Nitani until his death in 2012 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Yoshio_Tsuchiya', 'summary': "Yoshio Tsuchiya ( 土屋 嘉男 , Tsuchiya Yoshio , May 18 , 1927 - February 8 , 2017 ) was a Japanese actor who appeared in such films as Toshio Matsumoto 's surreal Bara No Soretsu ( a.k.a . Funeral Parade of Roses ) and Akira Kurosawa 's Seven Samurai ( as the firebrand farmer Rikichi ) and Red Beard , and Kihachi Okamoto 's Kill ! . He had a long-standing interest in UFOs and wrote several books on the subject . He preferred starring in science fiction films , usually as aliens , or people possessed by them , in such films as Battle in Outer Space , Monster Zero , and Destroy All Monsters ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Loyal 47 Ronin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Loyal_47_Ronin', 'summary': "The revenge of the forty-seven rōnin ( 四十七士 , Yon-jū-Nana-shi , forty-seven samurai ) , also known as the Akō incident ( 赤穂事件 , Akō jiken ) or Akō vendetta , is an 18th-century historical event in Japan in which a band of rōnin ( leaderless samurai ) avenged the death of their master . The incident has since become legendary . The story tells of a group of samurai who were left leaderless after their daimyō ( feudal lord ) Asano Naganori was compelled to perform seppuku ( ritual suicide ) for assaulting a court official named Kira Yoshinaka , whose title was Kōzuke no suke . After waiting and planning for a year , the rōnin avenged their master 's honor by killing Kira . They were then themselves obliged to commit seppuku for the crime of murder . This true story was popularized in Japanese culture as emblematic of the loyalty , sacrifice , persistence , and honor that people should preserve in their daily lives . The popularity of the tale grew during the Meiji era , in which Japan underwent rapid modernization , and the legend became entrenched within discourses of national heritage and identity . Fictionalized accounts of the tale of the forty-seven rōnin are known as Chūshingura . The story was popularized in numerous plays , including in the genres of bunraku and kabuki . Because of the censorship laws of the shogunate in the Genroku era , which forbade portrayal of current events , the names were changed . While the version given by the playwrights may have come to be accepted as historical fact by some , [ who ? ] the first Chūshingura was written some 50 years after the event , and numerous historical records about the actual events that predate the Chūshingura survive ."}]}, {'value': 'Kunio Watanabe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kazuo Hasegawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazuo_Hasegawa', 'summary': 'Kazuo Hasegawa ( 長谷川 一夫 , Hasegawa Kazuo , 27 February 1908 - 6 April 1984 ) was a Japanese film and stage actor . He appeared in over 300 films between 1927 and 1963 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jidaigeki', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naked Sun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naked_Sun_(film)', 'summary': 'Naked Sun ( Japanese : Hadaka no taiyo ) is a 1958 Japanese film directed by Miyoji Ieki . It was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Miyoji Ieki', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shinjirō Ehara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinjirō_Ehara', 'summary': "Shinjirō Ehara ( Japanese : 江原 真二郎 , Hepburn : Ehara Shinjirō , born October 12 , 1936 in Kyoto ) is a Japanese actor . Ehara joined Toei Company and began his acting career withNagurikomi Nijyuohachinin shu . In 1957 , he won Elan d'or Award for Newcomer of the Year ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nichiren to mōko daishūrai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nichiren_to_Mōko_Daishūrai', 'summary': 'Nichiren to mōko daishūrai ( 日蓮と蒙古大襲来 , Nichiren and the Great Mongol Invasion ) is a 1958 Japanese film directed by Kunio Watanabe .'}]}, {'value': 'Kunio Watanabe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kazuo Hasegawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazuo_Hasegawa', 'summary': 'Kazuo Hasegawa ( 長谷川 一夫 , Hasegawa Kazuo , 27 February 1908 - 6 April 1984 ) was a Japanese film and stage actor . He appeared in over 300 films between 1927 and 1963 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Night Drum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tadashi Imai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tadashi_Imai', 'summary': 'Tadashi Imai ( 今井 正 , Imai Tadashi , January 8 , 1912 - November 22 , 1991 ) was a Japanese film director known for social realist filmmaking informed by a left-wing perspective .'}]}, {'value': 'Rentarō Mikuni , Ineko Arima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rentarō_Mikuni', 'summary': 'Rentarō Mikuni ( 三國 連太郎 , Mikuni Rentarō ) ( also sometimes credited 三国連太郎 ; ; January 20 , 1923 - April 14 , 2013 ) was a Japanese film actor from Gunma Prefecture . He appeared in over 150 films since making his screen debut in 1951 , and won three Japanese Academy Awards for Best Actor , and a further seven nominations . He also won two Blue Ribbon Awards for Best Actor , in 1960 and in 1989 . The 1987 film Shinran : Path to Purity ( 親鸞：白い道 ) , which he wrote and directed , was awarded the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival . Actor Kōichi Satō is his son .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ineko_Arima', 'summary': 'Ineko Arima ( 有馬稲子 , Arima Ineko ) is a Japanese film actress born on 3 April 1932 in Osaka . She is known for her work with director Yasujirō Ozu .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Cinema ofJapan List of Japanese films pre-1910 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 20142015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020s 2020 vte A list of films released in Japan in 1958 ( see 1958 in film ) .', 'uid': 'List_of_Japanese_films_of_1958_0', 'intro': 'A list of films released in Japan in 1958 (see 1958 in film).'} | null | null | What kind of worldview pervades movies by the person who directed Anzukko ? | bleak and pessimistic |
0b8f86684a61e967 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_Summer_Universiade', 'title': 'Water polo at the Summer Universiade', 'header': ['Year', 'Gold', 'Silver', 'Bronze'], 'data': [{'value': '1959', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1959_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'The water polo event was contested at the 1959 Summer Universiade in Turin , Italy . Seven teams competed in the event with Yugoslavia winning the gold medal after winning all three of their matches in the final group .'}]}, {'value': 'Yugoslavia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Yugoslavia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "Yugoslavia men 's national water polo team was the national water polo team that represented the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( 1920-1929 ) , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( 1929-1941 ) , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1946-1963 ) , the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1963-1992 ) . They were one of strongest waterpolo teams in history of sport , having won 7 Olympic , 4 World Championship , 5 World Cup and 12 European Championship medals . For the later official water polo teams , see :"}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1961_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1961 Summer Universiade in Sofia , Bulgaria .'}]}, {'value': 'Yugoslavia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Yugoslavia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "Yugoslavia men 's national water polo team was the national water polo team that represented the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( 1920-1929 ) , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( 1929-1941 ) , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1946-1963 ) , the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1963-1992 ) . They were one of strongest waterpolo teams in history of sport , having won 7 Olympic , 4 World Championship , 5 World Cup and 12 European Championship medals . For the later official water polo teams , see :"}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Soviet Union men 's national water polo team represented the Soviet Union in international water polo competitions . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian national water polo team became the successor of Soviet team ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1963_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1963 Summer Universiade in Porto Alegre , Brazil .'}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Soviet Union men 's national water polo team represented the Soviet Union in international water polo competitions . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian national water polo team became the successor of Soviet team ."}]}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Brazil_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Brazil men 's national water polo team represents Brazil in international men 's water polo competitions and friendly matches ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1965_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1965 Summer Universiade in Budapest , Hungary .'}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Soviet Union men 's national water polo team represented the Soviet Union in international water polo competitions . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian national water polo team became the successor of Soviet team ."}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Romania_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Romania men 's national water polo team is the representative for Romania in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1967_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo was contested for men only at the 1967 Summer Universiade in Tokyo , Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Japan_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Japan men 's national water polo team is the representative for Japan in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national water polo team is the representative for the United States of America in international men 's water polo . The team is the only non-European squad to win medals in the men 's Olympic water polo tournament , most recently during the 2008 Summer Olympics , where they won a silver medal after losing the final to Hungary 14-10 . On May 7 , 2013 , USA Water Polo named Serbian Dejan Udovičić the head coach of the United States men 's senior national team . Udovičić was the former head coach of the Serbian men 's national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1970_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1970 Summer Universiade in Turin , Italy .'}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Soviet Union men 's national water polo team represented the Soviet Union in international water polo competitions . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian national water polo team became the successor of Soviet team ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1973_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1973 Summer Universiade in Moscow , Soviet Union .'}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Soviet Union men 's national water polo team represented the Soviet Union in international water polo competitions . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian national water polo team became the successor of Soviet team ."}]}, {'value': 'Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cuba_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Cuba men 's national water polo team is the representative for Cuba in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national water polo team is the representative for the United States of America in international men 's water polo . The team is the only non-European squad to win medals in the men 's Olympic water polo tournament , most recently during the 2008 Summer Olympics , where they won a silver medal after losing the final to Hungary 14-10 . On May 7 , 2013 , USA Water Polo named Serbian Dejan Udovičić the head coach of the United States men 's senior national team . Udovičić was the former head coach of the Serbian men 's national team ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1977_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1977 Summer Universiade in Sofia , Bulgaria .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Romania_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Romania men 's national water polo team is the representative for Romania in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1979_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1979 Summer Universiade in Mexico City , Mexico .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national water polo team is the representative for the United States of America in international men 's water polo . The team is the only non-European squad to win medals in the men 's Olympic water polo tournament , most recently during the 2008 Summer Olympics , where they won a silver medal after losing the final to Hungary 14-10 . On May 7 , 2013 , USA Water Polo named Serbian Dejan Udovičić the head coach of the United States men 's senior national team . Udovičić was the former head coach of the Serbian men 's national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Soviet Union men 's national water polo team represented the Soviet Union in international water polo competitions . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian national water polo team became the successor of Soviet team ."}]}, {'value': 'Yugoslavia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Yugoslavia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "Yugoslavia men 's national water polo team was the national water polo team that represented the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( 1920-1929 ) , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( 1929-1941 ) , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1946-1963 ) , the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1963-1992 ) . They were one of strongest waterpolo teams in history of sport , having won 7 Olympic , 4 World Championship , 5 World Cup and 12 European Championship medals . For the later official water polo teams , see :"}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1981_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1981 Summer Universiade in Bucharest , Romania .'}]}, {'value': 'Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cuba_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Cuba men 's national water polo team is the representative for Cuba in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national water polo team is the representative for the United States of America in international men 's water polo . The team is the only non-European squad to win medals in the men 's Olympic water polo tournament , most recently during the 2008 Summer Olympics , where they won a silver medal after losing the final to Hungary 14-10 . On May 7 , 2013 , USA Water Polo named Serbian Dejan Udovičić the head coach of the United States men 's senior national team . Udovičić was the former head coach of the Serbian men 's national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Romania_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Romania men 's national water polo team is the representative for Romania in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1983_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1983 Summer Universiade in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Soviet Union men 's national water polo team represented the Soviet Union in international water polo competitions . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian national water polo team became the successor of Soviet team ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national water polo team is the representative for the United States of America in international men 's water polo . The team is the only non-European squad to win medals in the men 's Olympic water polo tournament , most recently during the 2008 Summer Olympics , where they won a silver medal after losing the final to Hungary 14-10 . On May 7 , 2013 , USA Water Polo named Serbian Dejan Udovičić the head coach of the United States men 's senior national team . Udovičić was the former head coach of the Serbian men 's national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cuba_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Cuba men 's national water polo team is the representative for Cuba in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1985_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1985 Summer Universiade in Kobe , Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Soviet Union men 's national water polo team represented the Soviet Union in international water polo competitions . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Russian national water polo team became the successor of Soviet team ."}]}, {'value': 'Yugoslavia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Yugoslavia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "Yugoslavia men 's national water polo team was the national water polo team that represented the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( 1920-1929 ) , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( 1929-1941 ) , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1946-1963 ) , the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1963-1992 ) . They were one of strongest waterpolo teams in history of sport , having won 7 Olympic , 4 World Championship , 5 World Cup and 12 European Championship medals . For the later official water polo teams , see :"}]}, {'value': 'Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cuba_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Cuba men 's national water polo team is the representative for Cuba in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1987_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1987 Summer Universiade in Zagreb , Yugoslavia .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': 'Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cuba_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Cuba men 's national water polo team is the representative for Cuba in international men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': 'Yugoslavia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Yugoslavia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "Yugoslavia men 's national water polo team was the national water polo team that represented the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( 1920-1929 ) , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( 1929-1941 ) , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1946-1963 ) , the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1963-1992 ) . They were one of strongest waterpolo teams in history of sport , having won 7 Olympic , 4 World Championship , 5 World Cup and 12 European Championship medals . For the later official water polo teams , see :"}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1991_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1991 Summer Universiade in Sheffield , England .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national water polo team is the representative for the United States of America in international men 's water polo . The team is the only non-European squad to win medals in the men 's Olympic water polo tournament , most recently during the 2008 Summer Olympics , where they won a silver medal after losing the final to Hungary 14-10 . On May 7 , 2013 , USA Water Polo named Serbian Dejan Udovičić the head coach of the United States men 's senior national team . Udovičić was the former head coach of the Serbian men 's national team ."}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/China_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The China men 's national water polo team represents China in international water polo competitions and friendly matches . It is one of the leading teams in Asia ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1993_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1993 Summer Universiade in Buffalo , New York , USA .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national water polo team is the representative for the United States of America in international men 's water polo . The team is the only non-European squad to win medals in the men 's Olympic water polo tournament , most recently during the 2008 Summer Olympics , where they won a silver medal after losing the final to Hungary 14-10 . On May 7 , 2013 , USA Water Polo named Serbian Dejan Udovičić the head coach of the United States men 's senior national team . Udovičić was the former head coach of the Serbian men 's national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1995_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1995 Summer Universiade in Fukuoka , Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Yugoslavia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Yugoslavia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "Yugoslavia men 's national water polo team was the national water polo team that represented the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( 1920-1929 ) , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( 1929-1941 ) , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1946-1963 ) , the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( 1963-1992 ) . They were one of strongest waterpolo teams in history of sport , having won 7 Olympic , 4 World Championship , 5 World Cup and 12 European Championship medals . For the later official water polo teams , see :"}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Australia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Australian national water polo team represents Australia in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Australian Water Polo Inc . The national men 's team has the nickname of The Sharks . It is organised into the Asia/Oceania regional group ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1997_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1997 Summer Universiade in the island of Sicily , Italy .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Australia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Australian national water polo team represents Australia in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Australian Water Polo Inc . The national men 's team has the nickname of The Sharks . It is organised into the Asia/Oceania regional group ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1999_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 1999 Summer Universiade in Palma de Mallorca , Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Spain_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Spain men 's national water polo team represents Spain in men 's international water polo competitions and it is controlled by Real Federación Española de Natación . Spain has won one gold Olympic medal and two World Championships , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They also have won 2 Olympic , 6 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 3 World League , 5 European Championships and 2 Europa Cup medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2001_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 2001 Summer Universiade in Beijing , China .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Italy_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Italian national water polo team represents Italy in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Federnuoto ( the Italian Aquatics Federation ) . The national men 's team has the nickname of Settebello . The Italian men 's water polo team has won 8 Olympic medals , 7 World Championships , 5 World Cup , 11 European Championships medals and 3 World League medals , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They have won a combined eleven championships in those four competitions , with the World League being the only competition which Italy has yet to win ."}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Russia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Russia men 's national water polo team is the representative for Russia in international men 's water polo . The team is a successor of the Soviet water polo team ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2003_Summer_Universiade', 'summary': 'Water polo events were contested at the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu , South Korea .'}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hungary_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Hungary men 's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men 's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association . They are considered the world 's top power in the history of water polo , having won 15 Olympic , 11 World Championship , 10 FINA World Cup , 8 FINA World League , 24 European Championship and 16 Summer Universiade medals in total of 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Serbia and Montenegro', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Serbia men 's national water polo team represents Serbia in international water polo competitions and is controlled by the Water Polo Association of Serbia . They have won gold medals in the Olympics , World and European Championships , World Cup , FINA World League , Mediterranean Games and Universiade , making them one of the most successful men 's water polo teams in the world . They are Serbia 's most successful national team , having won more titles than all other Serbian national teams combined . In 2016 , they became the first team to hold titles in all five existing major championships : European Championship , World Championship , World Cup , World League and Olympic Games simultaneously ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Australia_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Australian national water polo team represents Australia in men 's international water polo competitions and is controlled by Australian Water Polo Inc . The national men 's team has the nickname of The Sharks . It is organised into the Asia/Oceania regional group ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Medal winners', 'section_text': 'Men', 'uid': 'Water_polo_at_the_Summer_Universiade_0', 'intro': "Water polo has been part of the Universiade program since the first games, in 1959. A women's water polo tournament was introduced for the 2009 Summer Universiade. Water polo was not included in 1975 and 1989."} | null | null | Where did the events convene in which Japan was the gold winner ? | Sofia , Bulgaria |
0b908134f086d531 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Holocaust_films', 'title': 'List of Holocaust films', 'header': ['Year', 'Country', 'Title', 'Director', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Night Train to Munich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Night_Train_to_Munich', 'summary': 'Night Train to Munich is a 1940 British thriller film directed by Carol Reed and starring Margaret Lockwood and Rex Harrison . Written by Sidney Gilliat and Frank Launder , based on the novel Report on a Fugitive by Gordon Wellesley , the film is about an inventor and his daughter who are kidnapped by the Gestapo after the Nazis march into Prague in the prelude to the Second World War . A British secret service agent follows them , disguised as a senior German army officer pretending to woo the daughter over to the Nazi cause .'}]}, {'value': 'Carol Reed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carol_Reed', 'summary': 'Sir Carol Reed ( 30 December 1906 - 25 April 1976 ) was an English film director best known for Odd Man Out ( 1947 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , The Third Man ( 1949 ) , and Oliver ! ( 1968 ) . For Oliver ! , he received the Academy Award for Best Director . Odd Man Out was the first recipient of the BAFTA Award for Best British Film ; filmmaker Roman Polanski has repeatedly cited it as his favourite film . The Fallen Idol won the second BAFTA Award for Best British Film . The British Film Institute voted The Third Man the greatest British film of the 20th century .'}]}, {'value': 'First feature film to depict concentration camps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concentration_camps', 'summary': "Internment is the imprisonment of people , commonly in large groups , without charges or intent to file charges , and thus no trial . The term is especially used for the confinement of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects . Thus , while it can simply mean imprisonment , it tends to refer to preventive confinement rather than confinement after having been convicted of some crime . Use of these terms is subject to debate and political sensitivities . Interned persons may be held in prisons or in facilities known as internment camps , also known as concentration camps . This involves internment generally , as distinct from the subset , the Nazi extermination camps , commonly referred to as death camps . Internment also refers to a neutral country 's practice of detaining belligerent armed forces and equipment on its territory during times of war under the Hague Convention of 1907 . The Universal Declaration of Human Rights restricts the use of internment . Article 9 states that No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest , detention or exile ."}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Unvanquished', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Unvanquished_(film,_1945)', 'summary': 'Mark Semyonovich Donskoy ( Russian : Марк Семёнович Донско́й ; 6 March [ O.S . 21 February ] 1901 - 21 March 1981 ) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter . Mark Donskoy was born in Odessa in a Jewish family . During the Civil War , he served in the Red Army ( 1921-1923 ) , and was captured by the whites for ten months . Demobilized , he studied psychology and psychiatry at the Crimean medical school . In 1925 he graduated from the legal department of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Crimean University named after M.V . Frunze in Simferopol . At the same time he worked in investigative bodies , in the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR , and in the bar association . He released a collection of short stories about his life called Prisoners ( 1925 ) . Donskoy began his career in film in 1926 . He worked in the script department , then as an assistant director in Moscow , later as an editing assistant in Leningrad . In 1935 he became the first Soviet dubbing director , he dubbed the American film The Invisible Man .'}]}, {'value': 'Mark Donskoy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Donskoy', 'summary': 'Mark Semyonovich Donskoy ( Russian : Марк Семёнович Донско́й ; 6 March [ O.S . 21 February ] 1901 - 21 March 1981 ) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter . Mark Donskoy was born in Odessa in a Jewish family . During the Civil War , he served in the Red Army ( 1921-1923 ) , and was captured by the whites for ten months . Demobilized , he studied psychology and psychiatry at the Crimean medical school . In 1925 he graduated from the legal department of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Crimean University named after M.V . Frunze in Simferopol . At the same time he worked in investigative bodies , in the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR , and in the bar association . He released a collection of short stories about his life called Prisoners ( 1925 ) . Donskoy began his career in film in 1926 . He worked in the script department , then as an assistant director in Moscow , later as an editing assistant in Leningrad . In 1935 he became the first Soviet dubbing director , he dubbed the American film The Invisible Man .'}]}, {'value': 'First feature film to show mass murder of Jews and hunting for them on the occupied territories . 1946 Venice festival award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mass_murder', 'summary': 'Mass murder is the act of murdering a number of people , typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity . The FBI defines mass murder as murdering four or more people during an event with no cooling-off period between the murders . A mass murder typically occurs in a single location where one or more people kill several others . A mass murder may be committed by individuals or organizations whereas a spree killing is committed by one or two individuals . Mass murderers differ from spree killers , who kill at two or more locations with almost no time break between murders and are not defined by the number of victims , and serial killers , who may kill people over long periods of time .'}]}, {'value': '1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Stranger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Stranger_(1946_film)', 'summary': "The Stranger is a 1946 American film noir starring Edward G. Robinson , Loretta Young , and Orson Welles . It is Welles 's third completed feature film as director and his first film noir , about a war crimes investigator tracking a high-ranking Nazi fugitive to a Connecticut town . It is the first Hollywood film to present documentary footage of the Holocaust . The original story by Victor Trivas was nominated for an Academy Award . The film entered the public domain when its copyright was not renewed ."}]}, {'value': 'Orson Welles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orson_Welles', 'summary': "George Orson Welles ( May 6 , 1915 - October 10 , 1985 ) was an American actor , director , writer and producer who is remembered for his innovative work in radio , theatre and film . He is considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time . While in his twenties Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project , including an adaptation of Macbeth with an entirely African American cast and the political musical The Cradle Will Rock . In 1937 he and John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre , an independent repertory theatre company that presented a series of productions on Broadway through 1941 , including Caesar ( 1937 ) , a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar . In 1938 , his radio anthology series The Mercury Theatre on the Air gave Welles the platform to find international fame as the director and narrator of a radio adaptation of H. G. Wells 's novel The War of the Worlds , which caused widespread panic because many listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was actually occurring . Although some contemporary sources say these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated , they rocketed Welles to notoriety . His first film was Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , which is consistently ranked as the greatest film ever made , which he co-wrote , produced , directed and starred in as Charles Foster Kane . Welles released twelve other features , the most acclaimed of which include The Magnificent Ambersons ( 1942 ) , The Lady from Shanghai ( 1947 ) , Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) , The Trial ( 1962 ) , Chimes at Midnight ( 1966 ) and F for Fake ( 1973 ) . His distinctive directorial style featured layered and nonlinear narrative forms , uses of lighting such as chiaroscuro , unusual camera angles , sound techniques borrowed from radio , deep focus shots and long takes . He has been praised as the ultimate auteur . :6 Welles was an outsider to the studio system , and struggled for creative control on his projects early on with the major film studios in Hollywood and later in life with a variety of independent financiers across Europe , where he spent most of his career . Many of his films were either heavily edited or remained unreleased ."}]}, {'value': 'First feature film to include footage of concentration camps', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Die Mörder sind unter uns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murderers_Among_Us', 'summary': 'Die Mörder sind unter uns , a German film known in English as Murderers Among Us in the United States or The Murderers Are Among Us in the United Kingdom was one of the first post-World War II German films and the first Trümmerfilm . It was produced in 1945/46 in the Althoff Studios in Babelsberg and in Jofa-Ateliers in Johannisthal . Writer and director was Wolfgang Staudte .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfgang Staudte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfgang_Staudte', 'summary': 'Wolfgang Staudte ( 9 October 1906 - 19 January 1984 ) , born Georg Friedrich Staudte , was a German film director , script writer and actor . He was born in Saarbrücken . His most important work came in the ten years following World War II , in which he worked with the DEFA in East Germany . The main focus of his work was to highlight the limits of German national pride . His work in anti-Nazi films , such as Murderers Among Us ( 1946 ) , was also a personal working through of his film career under the Nazis ( he acted in the anti-Semitic film Jud Süß ) . Following 1956 he worked in West Germany . By the 1970s , his work was no longer considered particularly modern and he moved to television , on shows such as Der Kommissar and Tatort .'}]}, {'value': 'The first Rubble Film and the first German film to address Nazi atrocities . English title : Murderers Among Us', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trümmerfilm', 'summary': 'Trümmerfilm ( English : Rubble film ) was an aesthetic choice for those films made directly after World War II dealing with the impact of the battles in the countries at the center of the war . The style was mostly used by filmmakers in the rebuilding film industries of Eastern Europe , Italy and the former Nazi Germany . The style is characterized by its use of location exteriors among the rubble of bombed-down cities to bring the gritty , depressing reality of the lives of the civilian survivors in those early years .'}]}, {'value': '1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Last Stage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Last_Stage', 'summary': "The Last Stage ( Polish : Ostatni etap ) is a 1947 Polish feature film directed and co-written by Wanda Jakubowska , depicting her experiences in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II . The film was one of the earliest cinematic efforts to describe the Holocaust , and it is still quoted extensively by succeeding directors , including Steven Spielberg in Schindler 's List ."}]}, {'value': 'Wanda Jakubowska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wanda_Jakubowska', 'summary': 'Wanda Jakubowska ( 10 November 1907 - 25 February 1998 ) was a Polish film director . Although she directed as many as 15 films over 50 years , Jakubowska is best known for her work regarding the Holocaust . The film The Last Stage was one of the earliest and most influential cinematic depictions of concentration camps . It was filmed on location at Auschwitz , where Jakubowska had been interned . Jakubowska was an ardent Communist whose films were often heavily politicized . :135-145'}]}, {'value': 'English titles : The Last Stage , The Last Stop', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ehe im Schatten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Shadows', 'summary': 'Ehe im Schatten ( Marriage in the Shadows ) is an East German film melodrama . Directed by Kurt Maetzig , it was released in 1947 by DEFA . The film was described as an attempt to confront the German people about the morals of the past , being the first film to confront the people about the persecution of the Jews and the atrocities conducted during World War II .'}]}, {'value': 'Kurt Maetzig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurt_Maetzig', 'summary': 'Kurt Maetzig ( 25 January 1911 - 8 August 2012 ) was a German film director who had a significant effect on the film industry in East Germany . He was one of the most respected filmmakers of the GDR . After his retirement he lived in Wildkuhl , Mecklenburg , and had three children .'}]}, {'value': 'One of the earliest DEFA productions . English title : Marriage in the Shadows', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DEFA_(film_studio)', 'summary': "DEFA ( Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft ) was the state-owned film studio of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) throughout the country 's existence ."}]}, {'value': '1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zwischen Gestern und Morgen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Between_Yesterday_and_Tomorrow_(film)', 'summary': "Between Yesterday and Tomorrow ( German : Zwischen gestern und morgen ) is a 1947 German drama film directed by Harald Braun and starring Hildegard Knef , Winnie Markus and Sybille Schmitz . In post-war Germany a group of former guests return to a luxurious Munich hotel where they are haunted by memories of their past interaction with Nelly Dreifuss , a Jewish woman who had died during the Nazi era . It was part of both the cycle of rubble films and subgenre of hotel films . As with many other German rubble films , it examines issues of collective guilt and future rebuilding . It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich . The film 's sets were designed by the art director Robert Herlth ."}]}, {'value': 'Harald Braun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harald_Braun', 'summary': 'Harald Braun ( 26 April 1901 - 24 September 1960 ) was a German film director , screenwriter and film producer . He directed 21 films between 1942 and 1960 .'}]}, {'value': 'One of the first German films to be made in Munich after the war and the first to openly address the Holocaust . English title : Between Yesterday and Tomorrow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munich', 'summary': "Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 ."}]}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morituri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morituri_(1948_film)', 'summary': "Morituri is a 1948 German black-and-white drama film produced by Artur Brauner 's CCC Film . The film was directed by Eugen York and starred Walter Richter , Winnie Markus and Lotte Koch . It features the onscreen debut of German actor Klaus Kinski as a Dutch concentration camp prisoner ."}]}, {'value': 'Eugen York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugen_York', 'summary': 'Eugen York ( 26 November 1912 - 18 November 1991 ) was a German film director . He directed 35 films between 1938 and 1984 . He was born in Rybinsk , Russian Empire and died in Berlin , Germany .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Search', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Search_(film)', 'summary': "The Search is a 1947 ( released in 1948 ) Swiss-American film directed by Fred Zinnemann which tells the story of a young Auschwitz survivor and his mother who search for each other across post-World War II Europe . It stars Montgomery Clift , Ivan Jandl , Jarmila Novotná and Aline MacMahon . Many scenes were shot amidst the actual ruins of post-war German cities , namely Ingolstadt , Munich , Nuremberg , and Würzburg . Filming took place between June and November , 1947 , initially on location in Germany , before the cast and crew went to a film studio in Zurich , Switzerland , to film the interior scenes . Although released in the United States in March , 1948 , it was not released in Britain until May 1950 . Its European Premiere was held at the Empire cinema , Leicester Square , London , England , on Wednesday , November 2 , 1949 , in aid of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children . Her Majesty Queen Mary attended the premiere . Ivan Jandl was given a special juvenile Academy Award for his performance . By the time this was announced , in March 1949 , he had returned to his home in Prague , Czechoslovakia , and the communists had taken over the government . They would not allow Ivan to travel to the United States to collect the Oscar and the Golden Globe he had also received for his performance , so they had to be taken to him . The film 's director , Fred Zinnemann , accepted the Oscar on Ivan 's behalf at the Academy Awards ceremony ."}]}, {'value': 'Fred Zinnemann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann', 'summary': "Alfred Zinnemann ( April 29 , 1907 - March 14 , 1997 ) was an Austrian-born American film director . He won four Academy Awards for directing films in various genres , including thrillers , westerns , film noir and play adaptations . He made 25 feature films during his 50-year career . He was among the first directors to insist on using authentic locations and for mixing stars with civilians to give his films more realism . Within the film industry , he was considered a maverick for taking risks and thereby creating unique films , with many of his stories being dramas about lone and principled individuals tested by tragic events . According to one historian , Zinnemann 's style demonstrated his sense of psychological realism and his apparent determination to make worthwhile pictures that are nevertheless highly entertaining . Among his films were The Search ( 1947 ) , The Men ( 1950 ) , High Noon ( 1952 ) , From Here to Eternity ( 1953 ) , Oklahoma ! ( 1955 ) , The Nun 's Story ( 1959 ) , A Man For All Seasons ( 1966 ) , The Day of the Jackal ( 1973 ) , and Julia ( 1977 ) . His films have received 65 Oscar nominations , winning 24 . Zinnemann directed and introduced a number of stars in their U.S. film debuts , including Marlon Brando , Rod Steiger , Pier Angeli , Julie Harris , Brandon deWilde , Montgomery Clift , Shirley Jones and Meryl Streep . He directed 19 actors to Oscar nominations , including Frank Sinatra , Montgomery Clift , Audrey Hepburn , Glynis Johns , Paul Scofield , Robert Shaw , Wendy Hiller , Jason Robards , Vanessa Redgrave , Jane Fonda , Gary Cooper and Maximilian Schell ."}]}, {'value': 'In post-war Berlin , an American private helps a lost Czech boy find his mother', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ulica Graniczna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Border_Street', 'summary': "Border Street ( Polish : Ulica Graniczna ) is a 1948 Polish drama film directed by Aleksander Ford and starring Mieczysława Ćwiklińska , Jerzy Leszczyński , Jerzy Złotnicki and Władysław Godik . The film depicts the Nazis ' purge of Warsaw Jews by following the fates of five families , representative of the various social , political , and ethnic strata in Warsaw , through the war , and culminates in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising . Ford did not provide viewers a happy ending because he wanted the viewer who watches it to realize that the issue of fascism and racial oppression is not over . It won the Gran Prix at the 1948 Venice Film Festival . The film 's sets were designed by the art director Stepán Kopecký ."}]}, {'value': 'Aleksander Ford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aleksander_Ford', 'summary': "Aleksander Ford ( born Mosze Lifszyc ; 24 November 1908 in Kiev , Russian Empire - 4 April 1980 in Naples , Florida , United States ) was a Polish film director ; and head of the Polish People 's Army Film Crew in the Soviet Union during World War II . Following the war he was appointed director of the Film Polski company . In 1948 he was appointed as a professor of the National Film School in Łódź ( Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa ) . Roman Polanski was among his students . Another of Ford 's protégés was the Polish film director Andrzej Wajda . Following the anti-Semitic purge in the communist party in Poland , in 1968 Ford emigrated to Israel and from there through Germany and Denmark , to the United States . He committed suicide in 1980 in Naples , Florida ."}]}, {'value': 'A Polish film about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto , it premieres at the Venice Film Festival ; it is released in English as Border Street in 1950', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising', 'summary': "The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ( Yiddish : אױפֿשטאַנד אין װאַרשעװער געטאָ , romanized : Aoyfshtand in Varshever Geto ; Polish : powstanie w getcie warszawskim ; German : Aufstand im Warschauer Ghetto ) was the 1943 act of Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto in German-occupied Poland during World War II to oppose Nazi Germany 's final effort to transport the remaining ghetto population to Majdanek and Treblinka concentration camps . After the Grossaktion Warsaw of summer 1942 , in which more than a quarter of a million Jews were deported from the ghetto to Treblinka and murdered , the remaining Jews began to build bunkers and smuggle weapons and explosives into the ghetto . The left-wing Jewish Combat Organization ( ŻOB ) and right-wing Jewish Military Union ( ŻZW ) formed and began to train . A small resistance effort to another roundup in January 1943 was partially successful and spurred the Polish groups to support the Jews in earnest . The uprising started on 19 April when the ghetto refused to surrender to the police commander SS-Brigadeführer Jürgen Stroop , who then ordered the burning of the ghetto , block by block , ending on 16 May . A total of 13,000 Jews died , about half of them burnt alive or suffocated . German casualties were probably less than 150 , [ citation needed ] with Stroop reporting only 110 casualties [ 16 killed + 1 dead/93 wounded ] . It was the largest single revolt by Jews during World War II . The Jews knew that the uprising was doomed and their survival was unlikely . Marek Edelman , the only surviving ŻOB commander , said that the motivation for fighting was to pick the time and place of our deaths . According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum , the uprising was one of the most significant occurrences in the history of the Jewish people ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival', 'summary': "The Venice Film Festival or Venice International Film Festival ( Italian : Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica della Biennale di Venezia , International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art of the Venice Biennale ) is the oldest film festival in europe and one of the Big Three film festivals , alongside the Cannes Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival . The Big Three are internationally acclaimed for giving creators the artistic freedom to express themselves through film . Founded in Venice , Italy in August 1932 , the festival is part of the Venice Biennale , one of the world oldest exhibitions of art , founded by the Venice City Council on 19 April 1893 . The range of work at the Venice Biennale now covers Italian and international art , architecture , dance , music , theatre , and cinema . These works are experienced at separate exhibitions : the International Art Exhibition , the International Festival of Contemporary Music , the International Theatre Festival , the International Architecture Exhibition , the International Festival of Contemporary Dance , the International Kids ' Carnival , and the annual Venice Film Festival , which is arguably the best-known of all the events . The festival is held in late August or early September on the island of the Lido in the Venice Lagoon . Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi . The festival continues to be one of the world 's most popular and fastest-growing . The 77th Venice International Film Festival will be held from 2 to 12 September 2020 ."}]}, {'value': '1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': "L'ebreo errante", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goffredo Alessandrini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goffredo_Alessandrini', 'summary': 'Goffredo Alessandrini ( 20 November 1904 in Cairo - 16 May 1978 in Rome ) was an Italian scriptwriter and film director . He also acted , edited , and produced some films . He practiced athletics in his youth , and won a title of Italian champion on 110 meters hurdles in 1925 .'}]}, {'value': 'First Italian film to openly address the Holocaust', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States West Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lang ist der Weg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lang_ist_der_Weg', 'summary': "Long Is the Road ( German : Lang ist der Weg ) is a 1948 German drama film directed by Herbert B. Fredersdorf and Marek Goldstein and starring Israel Becker , Bettina Moissi and Berta Litwina . The story examines the Holocaust from the perspective of a Polish Jewish family and a young man who is able to escape while being transported to a Concentration Camp . It was made during the summer of 1947 . It was the first German-made film to directly portray the Holocaust ( Morituri was released earlier but made later ) . It was made with the support of the United States Army Information Control Division . A major aim of the film was to lobby for Jewish survivors still living in Displaced Persons ( DP ) camps to be allowed to emigrate to the British Mandate of Palestine . It drew a comparison between the plight of the Jewish population and the sufferings of other Europeans who had ended up in DP camps . This was partly done through the principal character 's romantic relationship with Dora , a jewish holocaust survivor . The film employs a semi-documentary technique to tell its story . Many of its themes were similar to other German rubble films of the era , but it was notably different partly because of its advocacy of an optimistic , idealistic new world in Palestine . The film only ever went on a limited release , and by the time it received its German première , many inhabitants of the DP camps had been re-settled , with large numbers emigrating to the newly founded state of Israel ."}]}, {'value': 'Herbert B. Fredersdorf Marek Goldstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herbert_B._Fredersdorf', 'summary': 'Herbert B. Fredersdorf ( 2 October 1899 - 21 July 1971 ) was a German film editor , screenwriter and film director .'}]}, {'value': 'Yiddish title : Lang iz der Veg ; English title : Long Is the Road', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '1940s', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Holocaust_films_0', 'intro': 'This is an index of films that deal with the Holocaust in Europe. Films dealing with the subject of the Holocaust include both documentary and narrative films. These films were produced from the early 1940s before the extent of the Holocaust was widely known and have continued to be made since then. The films span multiple genres, with documentary films including footage filmed both by the Germans for their propaganda purposes and by the Allies, compilations, survivor testimonies and docudramas, and narrative films including war films, action films, love stories, psychological dramas, and even comedies.'} | null | null | What are the notes for the movie directed by the person that studied psychology and psychiatry at a medical school ? | mass murder |
0b9266a1fc469df0 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_Award_for_Francophone_Album_of_the_Year', 'title': 'Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner ( s )', 'Album', 'Nominees'], 'data': [{'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_1992', 'summary': "The Juno Awards of 1992 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 29 March 1992 in Toronto at a ceremony in the O'Keefe Centre . Rick Moranis was the host for the ceremonies , which were broadcast on CBC Television from 9 pm Eastern . Nominations were announced 12 February 1992 . Bryan Adams was nominated in 7 categories to set a Juno record , while Tom Cochrane received nominations in 6 . Adams sparked controversy in the Canadian music industry several months earlier when he openly criticised Canadian content regulations when his album project , Waking Up the Neighbours , was disqualified as Canadian for radio airplay purposes . That album was created largely with the help of non-Canadian producer Robert John Mutt Lange , therefore the songs fell below the legal Canadian content threshold . However , Adams qualified for the 1992 Juno nominations as an individual Canadian citizen . The 1992 Juno Awards thus became viewed as a showdown between Adams and Tom Cochrane , as the latter met Canadian content requirements . When all the 1992 Juno Awards were presented , Tom Cochrane was the major winner with 4 Junos , compared to 3 for Adams . 1992 's awards also featured an unprecedented three-way tie for winners in the Best Jazz Album category ."}]}, {'value': 'Luc de Larochellière', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luc_de_Larochellière', 'summary': 'Luc De Larochellière ( born 27 April 1966 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Quebec .'}]}, {'value': 'Sauvez mon âme', 'urls': []}, {'value': "L'Album du peuple - Tome 1 - François Pérusse Kathleen - Kathleen Snob - Les B.B . Vilain Pingouin - Vilain Pingouin", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/L'Album_du_peuple_–_Tome_1", 'summary': "L'Album du peuple - Tome 1 is the first comedy album from François Pérusse . He received a Félix award for his work ."}, {'url': '/wiki/François_Pérusse', 'summary': "François Pérusse ( born October 8 , 1960 , in Quebec City , Quebec , Canada ) is a Québécois comedian and musician famous for his radio sketches featuring puns and absurd humour . His best-known sketches are from the series Les 2 minutes du peuple ( The Peoples ' 2 Minutes ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kathleen_(singer)', 'summary': "Kathleen Sergerie , known professionally as Kathleen , is a Canadian pop singer from Quebec , who records only under her first name . She released several albums and scored hits on the Canadian charts in the early 1990s with songs such as Où aller and Ça va bien ! Her 1993 album Ça va bien ! was written and produced by Jean-Pierre Isaac . As of 2006 , she joined with the Ville Émard Blues Band and performed in Montreal . Although she has not released a solo album since 1996 , she told the newspaper L'Avantage gaspésien in 2017 that she was beginning work on her fourth album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Les_B.B.', 'summary': "Les B.B . ( pronounced leh beh beh ) was a Canadian band from the province of Quebec . It had great success in the 1980s and the early 1990s . It is made up of Patrick Bourgeois ( vocals , guitar , bass ) , Alain Lapointe ( keyboards , guitar , bass and backing vocals ) and François Jean ( drums ) . Bourgeois was the main songwriter for the band 's releases , but he died in November 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vilain_Pingouin', 'summary': 'Vilain Pingouin is a rock band from Quebec , Canada .'}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_1993', 'summary': "The Juno Awards of 1993 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 21 March 1993 in Toronto at a ceremony in the O'Keefe Centre . Celine Dion was the host for the ceremonies , which were broadcast on CBC Television at 8 pm Toronto time . This year , all performers at the ceremonies would be Canadians , in contrast to some ceremonies in previous years . Nominations were announced 9 February 1993 . Celine Dion received 7 nominations , tying the record set by Bryan Adams at the 1992 awards . Bryan Adams and Tom Cochrane were prominent male nominees this year ."}]}, {'value': 'Céline Dion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Céline_Dion', 'summary': "Céline Marie Claudette Dion CC OQ ( /seɪˌliːn diˈɒn/ , also UK : /- ˈdiːɒn/ , French : [ selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃ ] , Quebec French : [ - d͡zjɔ̃ ] ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s . She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest , where she represented Switzerland . After learning to speak English , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums , such as Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , which were both certified diamond in the US . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including The Power of Love , Think Twice , Because You Loved Me , It 's All Coming Back to Me Now , My Heart Will Go On , and I 'm Your Angel . Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record ; D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time , while S'il suffisait d'aimer ( 1998 ) , Sans attendre ( 2012 ) , and Encore un soir ( 2016 ) , were all certified diamond in France . During the 2000s , she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day . in Las Vegas Strip ( 2003-07 ) , which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time , as well as the Taking Chances World Tour ( 2008-09 ) , one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R & B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese ."}]}, {'value': 'Dion chante Plamondon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dion_chante_Plamondon', 'summary': 'Dion chante Plamondon ( meaning Dion Sings Plamondon ) is the tenth studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion . It was originally released on 4 November 1991 by Columbia Records and features French-language songs with words written by French-Canadian lyricist , Luc Plamondon . In Francophone countries in Europe , the album was renamed Des mots qui sonnent , meaning Words That Resonate . It includes French hit song , Un garçon pas comme les autres ( Ziggy ) . Dion chante Plamondon won the Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year and Félix Award for Best Selling Album of the Year . It topped the chart in Quebec and reached number four in France .'}]}, {'value': 'Quand on se donne - Francis Martin À contre-jour - Julie Masse Aux portes du matin - Richard Séguin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Martin_(musician)', 'summary': 'Francis Martin Lavergne ( born August 28 , 1968 in Montreal , Quebec ) is a Canadian musician and author . He has recorded and performed under the stage names Francis Martin and , as of 2011 , Kaya ; under the latter name and as James K. Field , he has also published several works of spiritual literature .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Julie_Masse', 'summary': 'Julie Masse ( born June 3 , 1970 ) is a Canadian pop singer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Richard_Séguin', 'summary': "Richard Séguin ( born March 27 , 1952 in Pointe-aux-Trembles , Québec ) is a Québécois songwriter , musician and singer . His music career began in the 1970s with the duo Les Séguin , with his twin sister Marie-Claire . The duo achieved considerable popular success in Québec . Their folk reprise of Felix Leclerc 's Le train du nord enjoyed huge radio play and record sales , along with other titles . Richard Séguin has led a solo career since 1979 , frequently collaborating with his sister Marie Claire on many of her own solo albums . Séguin has received several prizes , including Felix Awards from the Québec music industry association ADISQ . Some of his albums were certified platinum ( sales of over 100 000 copies ) . [ clarification needed ] Séguin 's songwriting features a delicately intertwined tapestry of blues , folk and rock music influences , feeding from the works of many musicians from Québec and abroad , a reflection of the artist 's wide-open range of inspiration . Séguin 's lyrics abound with powerful , striking metaphors , illustrating how power relationships not only modify social structures , but personal life as well . A few of his songs have been translated and recorded in English by Gary U.S. Bonds . In addition to his lifelong involvement in songwriting , Séguin has also developed considerable skills as a visual artist . His wood engravings borrow altogether from traditional Québec folk art , Native American Art , German Expressionism and Arte Povera ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_1994', 'summary': "The Juno Awards of 1994 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 20 March 1994 in Toronto at a ceremony in the O'Keefe Centre . Roch Voisine was the host for the ceremonies , which were taped that afternoon for broadcast that evening on CBC Television . Nominations were announced 8 February 1994 . Starting in 1994 , the Best New Solo Artist combined the former Most Promising Male and Female Vocalist categories . Reggae also received its own category , after years of being included under banners such as world beat or mixed with calypso . A new category for aboriginal music was also introduced and was awarded by Robbie Robertson . The award faced controversy after nominee Sazacha Red Sky was accused of cultural appropriation by Leonard George son of Chief Dan George , the alleged writer of the song that has since been registered as Public Domain , because she was not personally a member of the Tsleil-Waututh First Nation and according to Leonard George did not have the right to record it under their cultural traditions . His son Leonard George sought a legal injunction to prevent the award from being presented at the Juno Awards ceremony at all , and a final compromise revising Red Sky 's nomination to reflect the album instead of the song was announced on the morning of the ceremony . Around the time of the 1994 ceremonies , there were plans to host the 1995 ceremonies in Winnipeg . However , Juno organisers CARAS was demanding substantial funding from the Winnipeg committee attempting to host the awards . Atlantic group The Rankin Family was the major winner in 1994 , winning awards in four categories including Entertainer of the Year ."}]}, {'value': 'François Pérusse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/François_Pérusse', 'summary': "François Pérusse ( born October 8 , 1960 , in Quebec City , Quebec , Canada ) is a Québécois comedian and musician famous for his radio sketches featuring puns and absurd humour . His best-known sketches are from the series Les 2 minutes du peuple ( The Peoples ' 2 Minutes ) ."}]}, {'value': "L'Album du peuple - Tome 2", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/L'Album_du_peuple_–_Tome_2", 'summary': "François Pérusse ( born October 8 , 1960 , in Quebec City , Quebec , Canada ) is a Québécois comedian and musician famous for his radio sketches featuring puns and absurd humour . His best-known sketches are from the series Les 2 minutes du peuple ( The Peoples ' 2 Minutes ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Ça va bien - Kathleen Corridors - Laurence Jalbert Pelchat - Mario Pelchat Europe Tour - Roch Voisine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kathleen_(singer)', 'summary': "Kathleen Sergerie , known professionally as Kathleen , is a Canadian pop singer from Quebec , who records only under her first name . She released several albums and scored hits on the Canadian charts in the early 1990s with songs such as Où aller and Ça va bien ! Her 1993 album Ça va bien ! was written and produced by Jean-Pierre Isaac . As of 2006 , she joined with the Ville Émard Blues Band and performed in Montreal . Although she has not released a solo album since 1996 , she told the newspaper L'Avantage gaspésien in 2017 that she was beginning work on her fourth album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Laurence_Jalbert', 'summary': 'Laurence Jalbert ( born Lise Jalbert , 18 August 1959 in Rivière-au-Renard , Quebec ) is a pop and rock singer-songwriter from Quebec .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario_Pelchat', 'summary': 'Mario Pelchat ( born 1 February 1964 ) is a Canadian Francophone singer from Quebec . He received the Felix Award in 1990 and 1992 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Europe_Tour', 'summary': 'Europe Tour is a 1992 album by Canadian singer Roch Voisine containing some of his best live performances in Europe with 22 of his hits , 18 in French and 4 in English . The album was successful on the chart . In France , the album spawned a sole single : La légende Oochigeas , which was released in live version and hit number four on the singles chart and remained in the top 50 for 20 weeks . Europe Tour debuted at # 15 on 21 October 1992 on the SNEP Albums Chart and had a peak at number two seven weeks later . It totaled ten weeks in the top ten and 20 weeks in the top 50 . In 1993 , the album was certified Platinum disc for over 300,000 copies sold .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roch_Voisine', 'summary': 'Joseph Armand Roch Voisine , OC ONB ( born 26 March 1963 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter , actor , and radio and television host who lives in Montreal , Quebec and Paris , France . He writes and performs material in both English and French . He won the Juno Award for Male Vocalist of the Year in 1994 . In 1997 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_1995', 'summary': "The Juno Awards of 1995 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 26 March 1995 in Hamilton , Ontario at a ceremony in the Copps Coliseum . Mary Walsh , Rick Mercer and other regulars of the television series This Hour Has 22 Minutes were the hosts for the ceremonies , which were broadcast on CBC Television . Almost 10,000 people were in attendance , and over 6,500 public tickets were sold . Nominees were announced on 1 February 1995 . Susan Aglukark and Jann Arden were among the prominent nominees this year . Vancouver rock band 54-40 's album Smilin ' Buddha Cabaret was accidentally left off the nomination list for Best Alternative Album ; after realizing the error , the Academy decided to add them to the category , and rather than remove another band 's album simply widened the category to six nominees . Leonard Rambeau , the long-time manager of Anne Murray , received a special lifetime achievement award ; Rambeau died later that year of cancer ."}]}, {'value': 'Roch Voisine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roch_Voisine', 'summary': 'Joseph Armand Roch Voisine , OC ONB ( born 26 March 1963 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter , actor , and radio and television host who lives in Montreal , Quebec and Paris , France . He writes and performs material in both English and French . He won the Juno Award for Male Vocalist of the Year in 1994 . In 1997 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Coup de tête', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coup_de_tête_(album)', 'summary': 'Coup de tête is a 1994 French language album by Canadian singer Roch Voisine . It includes the hit singles Laisse-la rêver and Jean Johnny Jean .'}]}, {'value': "Obsession - Éric Lapointe Déchaînée - France d'Amour Johanne Blouin chante Noel - Johanne Blouin Y - Lynda Lemay", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Éric_Lapointe_(singer)', 'summary': "Éric Lapointe ( born 28 September 1969 ) is a francophone lead singer and guitarist for his eponymous band . His band is characterized by a heavy metal style containing elements of punk , grunge , pop and hard rock from guitarist Stéphane Dufour 's riffs . Lapointe has released eight studio albums , three compilation albums , and two live albums . He is currently the most successful male music artist in French Canadian history in terms of sales , having sold more than one million total discs . [ citation needed ] He has also made appearances on film ."}, {'url': "/wiki/France_d'Amour", 'summary': "France Rochon ( born 30 March 1967 in Mont-Rolland , Sainte-Adèle , Quebec , Canada ) , better known as France D'Amour , is a French Canadian singer songwriter from Quebec . She studied music at Collège Lionel-Groulx in Sainte-Thérèse , Quebec specialising in jazz and playing guitar . Later , she was part of various musical formations , notably U-Bahn , The Answer and France . In 1992 , she gained great fame with her debut album Animal that was certified gold in Quebec . In 2002 , she had success in France as well through her collaboration with Jean-Jacques Goldman , who co-wrote the album with his team ( Robert Goldman , Jacques Veneruso , Christophe Battaglia , Erick Benzi and Gildas Arzel ) . She has also appeared on stage and in film . In 1998 , she played the role of Esmeralda in a French tour version of the musical comedy Notre-Dame-de-Paris . She also appeared in a secondary role in the film Les Boys 3 as well as in the film 's soundtrack . France d'Amour has a son , François , born in 1988 . In April 2011 , she also confirmed during a popular talk programme on Quebec television Tout le monde en parle that she followed the Church of Scientology for almost 20 years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Johanne_Blouin', 'summary': 'Johanne Blouin ( born September 19 , 1955 ) , is a Canadian singer-songwriter . She won the Félix Award twice for her albums Merci Félix ( 1988 ) and Johanne Blouin ( 1989 ) . Blouin was born in Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec , Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lynda_Lemay', 'summary': 'Lynda Lemay ( born 25 July 1966 in Portneuf , Quebec ) is a Canadian francophone singer-songwriter . Through her mother she is a descendant of Zacharie Cloutier . After winning regional awards in 1989 she went to France and regularly tours in Quebec and France , including at the Paris Olympia . Her recording Live was nominated as one of the best-selling Francophone albums at the 2000 Juno Awards .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_1996', 'summary': "The Juno Awards of 1996 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 10 March 1996 in Hamilton , Ontario at a ceremony in the Copps Coliseum . Anne Murray was the host for the ceremonies , which were broadcast on CBC Television . Quebec-based independent classical label Analekta Records boycotted the Junos after failing to receive a Juno nomination after attempts for five years . Analekta claimed its sales were twice that of CBC Records . Several record stores such as CD Plus , HMV , Sunrise and Music World also intended to boycott the Junos because competing music retailer Columbia House had signed on as a Juno advertiser . Nominations were announced 31 January 1996 . Prominent nominees were Alanis Morissette and Shania Twain who had recent internationally successful albums who both won Grammy Awards on 28 February 1996 . Alanis Morissette won in five Juno categories , becoming this year 's major winner ."}]}, {'value': 'Céline Dion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Céline_Dion', 'summary': "Céline Marie Claudette Dion CC OQ ( /seɪˌliːn diˈɒn/ , also UK : /- ˈdiːɒn/ , French : [ selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃ ] , Quebec French : [ - d͡zjɔ̃ ] ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s . She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest , where she represented Switzerland . After learning to speak English , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums , such as Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , which were both certified diamond in the US . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including The Power of Love , Think Twice , Because You Loved Me , It 's All Coming Back to Me Now , My Heart Will Go On , and I 'm Your Angel . Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record ; D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time , while S'il suffisait d'aimer ( 1998 ) , Sans attendre ( 2012 ) , and Encore un soir ( 2016 ) , were all certified diamond in France . During the 2000s , she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day . in Las Vegas Strip ( 2003-07 ) , which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time , as well as the Taking Chances World Tour ( 2008-09 ) , one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R & B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese ."}]}, {'value': "D'eux", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/D'eux", 'summary': "D'eux ( French for Of Them , About Them , or From Them ; homophonic with deux [ dø ] , meaning two ) is the third French-language studio album on a major label by Canadian singer Celine Dion , released by Columbia Records on 30 March 1995 in Canada and on 3 April 1995 in France . It was issued in other countries in the following months . In the United States , it was released under the title The French Album . D'eux was preceded by the lead hit single , Pour que tu m'aimes encore . The album was mainly written and produced by French singer-songwriter , Jean-Jacques Goldman . It garnered favorable reviews from music critics and became the best-selling French-language album of all time , with sales of over ten million copies worldwide ."}]}, {'value': "Beau Dommage - Beau Dommage Carpe diem - Lara Fabian C'est la vie - Mario Pelchat Bohémienne - Marjo", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beau_Dommage', 'summary': "Beau Dommage is a rock band from Montreal , Quebec , Canada , who achieved popular success in Quebec and France in the 1970s . The group 's style included rich vocal harmonies and elements borrowed from folk and country music ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carpe_diem_(Lara_Fabian_album)', 'summary': "Carpe diem is Lara Fabian 's second French album released in 1994 . The album sold more than 250,000 copies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lara_Fabian', 'summary': 'Lara Sophie Katy Crokaert ( born 9 January 1970 ) , better known as Lara Fabian , is a Canadian-Belgian singer , songwriter , musician , actress and producer . She has sold over 20 million records worldwide as of September 2017 and is one of the best-selling Belgian artists of all time . She was born in Etterbeek , Brussels to a Belgian father and a Sicilian mother . Since 1996 she holds a Canadian citizenship alongside her original Belgian citizenship . As of 2015 she lived in Walloon Brabant province in Belgium just outside Brussels . She has since moved back to Montreal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario_Pelchat', 'summary': 'Mario Pelchat ( born 1 February 1964 ) is a Canadian Francophone singer from Quebec . He received the Felix Award in 1990 and 1992 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marjo', 'summary': 'Marjolène Morin ( born 2 August 1953 ) , professionally known as Marjo , is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Quebec .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_1997', 'summary': 'The Juno Awards of 1997 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 9 March 1997 in Hamilton , Ontario at a ceremony in the Copps Coliseum . Jann Arden was host for the major ceremonies which were broadcast on CBC Television . Nominations were announced on 29 January 1997 . Major winners were Celine Dion and The Tragically Hip .'}]}, {'value': 'Céline Dion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Céline_Dion', 'summary': "Céline Marie Claudette Dion CC OQ ( /seɪˌliːn diˈɒn/ , also UK : /- ˈdiːɒn/ , French : [ selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃ ] , Quebec French : [ - d͡zjɔ̃ ] ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s . She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest , where she represented Switzerland . After learning to speak English , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums , such as Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , which were both certified diamond in the US . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including The Power of Love , Think Twice , Because You Loved Me , It 's All Coming Back to Me Now , My Heart Will Go On , and I 'm Your Angel . Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record ; D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time , while S'il suffisait d'aimer ( 1998 ) , Sans attendre ( 2012 ) , and Encore un soir ( 2016 ) , were all certified diamond in France . During the 2000s , she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day . in Las Vegas Strip ( 2003-07 ) , which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time , as well as the Taking Chances World Tour ( 2008-09 ) , one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R & B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese ."}]}, {'value': 'Live à Paris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Live_à_Paris', 'summary': "Live à Paris ( meaning Live in Paris ) is the third live album by Canadian singer Celine Dion , released on 21 October 1996 by Columbia Records . It features primarily French-language songs , mainly from D'eux ( 1995 ) , but also includes The Power of Love , River Deep , Mountain High and a studio version of To Love You More as a bonus track . Live à Paris topped the charts in France , Belgium , Switzerland and Quebec , and was certified 2× Platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry , denoting sales of over two million copies in Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Quatre saisons dans le désordre - Daniel Bélanger Pure - Lara Fabian Luce Dufault - Luce Dufault', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quatre_saisons_dans_le_désordre', 'summary': 'Quatre saisons dans le désordre ( free English translation : Four Seasons Unsorted ) is the second album by Québécois singer and musician Daniel Bélanger . It was released by Audiogram on May 12 , 1996 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Bélanger', 'summary': 'Daniel Bélanger ( born December 26 , 1961 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter . His music is eclectic , inspired by alternative rock , folk and electronic music , sometimes humorous , sometimes wistful .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pure_(Lara_Fabian_album)', 'summary': "Lara Fabian 's third studio album Pure , was a three million-selling album , which reached Diamond status in France , from which came the anti-homophobia anthem La Différence . The album went platinum in less than two weeks . Lara again was bestowed with awards , being awarded a Félix Award for Popular Album Of The Year at the 1997 ADISQ gala and was also nominated for two Juno Awards of 1997 in the Best Female Singer and Best Selling French Album categories . Pure has become one of the best-selling French-language albums of all time ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lara_Fabian', 'summary': 'Lara Sophie Katy Crokaert ( born 9 January 1970 ) , better known as Lara Fabian , is a Canadian-Belgian singer , songwriter , musician , actress and producer . She has sold over 20 million records worldwide as of September 2017 and is one of the best-selling Belgian artists of all time . She was born in Etterbeek , Brussels to a Belgian father and a Sicilian mother . Since 1996 she holds a Canadian citizenship alongside her original Belgian citizenship . As of 2015 she lived in Walloon Brabant province in Belgium just outside Brussels . She has since moved back to Montreal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Luce_Dufault', 'summary': "Luce Dufault ( born August 19 , 1966 in Orleans , Ontario ) is a Canadian singer . She is of French descent . She played in two musicals from Luc Plamondon , La Légende de Jimmy and Starmania . She recorded a few hits including Soirs de scotch , Au delà des mots and Ce qu'il reste de nous . In March 2019 , she was one of 11 singers from Quebec , alongside Ginette Reno , Diane Dufresne , Céline Dion , Isabelle Boulay , Louise Forestier , Laurence Jalbert , Catherine Major , Ariane Moffatt , Marie Denise Pelletier and Marie-Élaine Thibert , who participated in a supergroup recording of Renée Claude 's 1971 single Tu trouveras la paix after Claude 's diagnosis with Alzheimer 's disease was announced ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_1998', 'summary': 'The Juno Awards of 1998 were presented in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . The primary ceremonies at GM Place before an audience of 10 000 on 22 March 1998 . Actor Jason Priestley of the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 hosted these ceremonies which were televised by CBC . A backstage internet telecast was also introduced for this year . Performers included Jann Arden , Econoline Crush , Leahy , Sarah McLachlan , Ron Sexsmith , and Shania Twain . Nominations were announced on 11 February 1998 . The previously combined Blues/Gospel category became separate Best Blues Album and Best Gospel Album categories as of this year . The Canadian Music Hall of Fame welcomed David Foster as its 1998 inductee .'}]}, {'value': 'Marie-Michèle Desrosiers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marie-Michèle_Desrosiers', 'summary': "Marie-Michèle Desrosiers ( born March 6 , 1950 ) is a Canadian pop and rock singer from Quebec . She is most noted as a former member of the influential rock group Beau Dommage , and for her album Marie Michèle Desrosiers chante les classiques de Noël , which won the Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 1998 . Desrosiers studied piano at Collège Lionel-Groulx and acting at the National Theatre School of Canada before joining Beau Dommage as a singer and keyboardist . She appeared on all of the band 's four albums during its original run in the 1970s ; on Passagers , she received her first songwriting credit for Le Coeur endormi . Following the band 's breakup in the late 1970s , Desrosiers pursued a solo career , releasing her self-titled debut album in 1980 . She released a second album , Plus fort , in 1983 before participating in Beau Dommage 's 1984 reunion concert . She followed up in 1985 with Aimer pour aimer , and recorded vocals for François Dompierre 's soundtrack to the 1985 film The Alley Cat ( Le Matou ) . Throughout this time she also took a number of acting roles , predominantly in stage and musical theatre . She participated in the recording of Beau Dommage 's reunion album in 1994 . She released Marie Michèle Desrosiers chante les classiques de Noël , her first album of Christmas music , in November 1996 . Her most commercially successful album , it sold over 100,000 copies in Quebec within just a few weeks of its release . In addition to the album 's Juno Award win , it was a shortlisted finalist for Album of the Year , and Desrosiers for Female Singer of the Year , at the Prix Félix in 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Marie-Michèle Desrosiers chante les classiques de Noël', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miserere - Bruno Pelletier La force de comprendre - Dubmatique Versions Reno - Ginette Reno Parle pas si forte - Térez Montcalm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruno_Pelletier', 'summary': 'Bruno Pelletier ( born August 7 , 1962 ) is a Québécois singer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dubmatique', 'summary': "Dubmatique is a French Canadian hip hop group formed in 1992 in Montreal , Quebec . The group 's original line up consisted of OTMC , DiSoul , and Dj Choice . Dubmatique is often regarded as one of the groups that launched French Canadian Hip Hop , and within this category they are the only group to have an album certified Platinum ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ginette_Reno', 'summary': 'Ginette Reno , OC CQ ( born 28 April 1946 ) is a Québécois author , composer , singer , and actress . She has received nominations for the Genie and Gemini Awards and is a multi-recipient of the Juno Award . She is a gold and platinum selling Canadian musician .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Térez_Montcalm', 'summary': "Térez Montcalm ( born Thérèse Montcalm in 1963 ) is a Canadian jazz singer and songwriter . She sings and plays acoustic guitar , which she has played since a young age , as well as double bass . She describes herself as a jazz singer with a very 'rock ' attitude . Her influences include Jimi Hendrix , Elvis Presley , and Billie Holiday , and her music has been compared to that of Edith Piaf and Janis Joplin . Her career started in 1981 . During her early years as a musician , she performed as a warm-up act for the Cowboy Junkies . Her first album , Risque , was released in 1994 and she was nominated for five ADISQ awards in 1995 . The tour following the release of the album consisted of over 100 shows in Canada and around Europe . Her second album , Parle Pas Si Fort , was brought out in 1997 and this was followed by an eponymous album in 2002 . In 2006 , she released the album Voodoo , her first sung in the English language . The album achieved a peak position of No . 43 in the French albums chart , and was on the chart for 30 weeks ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_1999', 'summary': 'The Juno Awards of 1999 honouring Canadian music industry achievements were held in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada . The primary ceremonies at Copps Coliseum on 7 March 1999 were broadcast by CBC Television and hosted by Mike Bullard . Nominations were announced 27 January 1999 from the Glenn Gould Studio in Toronto . CBC technicians under the Communications , Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada were on strike in early 1999 . However , the union chose not to picket the Juno Awards broadcast . Luc Plamondon was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Céline Dion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Céline_Dion', 'summary': "Céline Marie Claudette Dion CC OQ ( /seɪˌliːn diˈɒn/ , also UK : /- ˈdiːɒn/ , French : [ selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃ ] , Quebec French : [ - d͡zjɔ̃ ] ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s . She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest , where she represented Switzerland . After learning to speak English , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums , such as Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , which were both certified diamond in the US . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including The Power of Love , Think Twice , Because You Loved Me , It 's All Coming Back to Me Now , My Heart Will Go On , and I 'm Your Angel . Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record ; D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time , while S'il suffisait d'aimer ( 1998 ) , Sans attendre ( 2012 ) , and Encore un soir ( 2016 ) , were all certified diamond in France . During the 2000s , she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day . in Las Vegas Strip ( 2003-07 ) , which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time , as well as the Taking Chances World Tour ( 2008-09 ) , one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R & B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese ."}]}, {'value': "S'il suffisait d'aimer", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/S'il_suffisait_d'aimer", 'summary': "S'il suffisait d'aimer ( retitled S'il suffisait d'aimer ( If Only Love Could Be Enough ) for the US release ) is a French-language studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion , released by Columbia Records on 7 September 1998 . The album was mainly written and produced by French singer-songwriter , Jean-Jacques Goldman . It garnered favorable reviews from music critics and became the second best-selling French-language album of all time , after Dion 's own D'eux ( 1995 ) . It includes three hit singles : Zora sourit , S'il suffisait d'aimer and On ne change pas . S'il suffisait d'aimer won the Juno Award for Best Selling Francophone Album of the Year ."}]}, {'value': "Enchantée - Carmen Campagne L'Album du peuple , volume 1 - François Pérusse Grand parleur , petit faiseur - Kevin Parent Lynda Lemay - Lynda Lemay", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carmen_Campagne', 'summary': "Carmen Campagne CM ( September 8 , 1959 - July 4 , 2018 ) was a Canadian singer and children 's entertainer . She , along with Connie Kaldor , received a Juno Award at the 1989 Award ceremony in the category Best Children 's Album for Lullaby Berceuse . A Fransaskois from Willow Bunch , Saskatchewan , she was a member of the folk music band Folle Avoine in the 1970s . Her brother Paul Campagne and sisters Suzanne Campagne , Michelle Campagne and Annette Campagne , her bandmates in Folle Avoine , have also continued in music with the folk band Hart-Rouge . In 2013 , she was made a Member of the Order of Canada for her contributions as a singer , songwriter and composer enhancing music for young children and using music in French-language education . Campagne died of cancer at age 58 on July 4 , 2018 , in Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts , Quebec ."}, {'url': '/wiki/François_Pérusse', 'summary': "François Pérusse ( born October 8 , 1960 , in Quebec City , Quebec , Canada ) is a Québécois comedian and musician famous for his radio sketches featuring puns and absurd humour . His best-known sketches are from the series Les 2 minutes du peuple ( The Peoples ' 2 Minutes ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Parent', 'summary': 'Kevin Parent ( born 12 December 1972 ) is a bilingual Québécois singer-songwriter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lynda_Lemay', 'summary': 'Lynda Lemay ( born 25 July 1966 in Portneuf , Quebec ) is a Canadian francophone singer-songwriter . Through her mother she is a descendant of Zacharie Cloutier . After winning regional awards in 1989 she went to France and regularly tours in Quebec and France , including at the Paris Olympia . Her recording Live was nominated as one of the best-selling Francophone albums at the 2000 Juno Awards .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_2000', 'summary': 'The Juno Awards of 2000 were held in Toronto , Ontario , Canada during the weekend of 11-12 March 2000 . The primary ceremonies were hosted by The Moffatts at the SkyDome ( now Rogers Centre ) on 12 March 2000 and broadcast on CBC Television . This marked the first year that the award ceremonies were divided over two days , with non-televised award categories presented on 11 March . The following award categories were nationally televised :'}]}, {'value': 'La Chicane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Chicane', 'summary': "La Chicane is a Canadian francophone rock band based in Val-d'Or , Quebec . Their sound is described as jazz-rock or lounge rock ."}]}, {'value': 'En catimini', 'urls': []}, {'value': "D'autres rives - Bruno Pelletier Les fourmis - Jean Leloup Live - Lynda Lemay Notre-Dame de Paris , version integrale - various artists", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruno_Pelletier', 'summary': 'Bruno Pelletier ( born August 7 , 1962 ) is a Québécois singer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Les_fourmis', 'summary': 'Les Fourmis ( English : The Ants ) is a 1991 science fiction novel by French writer Bernard Werber . It was released in English as Empire of the Ants . The book sold more than two million copies and has been translated into more than 30 languages . [ citation needed ] It was also taken to video game format . Les Fourmis is the first novel of La Saga des Fourmis trilogy ( also known as La Trilogie des Fourmis ( The Trilogy of the Ants ) , followed by Le Jour des fourmis ( The Day of the Ants , 1992 ) and La Révolution des fourmis ( The Revolution of the Ants , 1996 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jean_Leloup', 'summary': 'Jean Leclerc ( born May 14 , 1961 ) is a Québécois singer-songwriter and author from Sainte-Foy , Quebec , Canada . He is popularly known as Jean Leloup ( which he likes to translate to John the Wolf ) , a stage name he kept using until 2006 , when he temporarily changed his name to Jean Leclerc , only to resurrect his wolf character in August 2008 . He is known for his colourful personality and unique musical style in the francophone rock community .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lynda_Lemay', 'summary': 'Lynda Lemay ( born 25 July 1966 in Portneuf , Quebec ) is a Canadian francophone singer-songwriter . Through her mother she is a descendant of Zacharie Cloutier . After winning regional awards in 1989 she went to France and regularly tours in Quebec and France , including at the Paris Olympia . Her recording Live was nominated as one of the best-selling Francophone albums at the 2000 Juno Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(musical)', 'summary': 'Notre-Dame de Paris is a sung-through French musical which debuted on 16 September 1998 in Paris . It is based upon the novel Notre-Dame de Paris ( The Hunchback of Notre-Dame ) by the French novelist Victor Hugo . The music was composed by Riccardo Cocciante ( also known as Richard Cocciante ) and the lyrics are by Luc Plamondon . Since its debut , it has been professionally played in Belgium , Canada , China , France , Italy , Japan , Lebanon , Luxembourg , Poland , Russia , Singapore , South Korea , Spain , Switzerland , Taiwan , Turkey , United Kingdom and United States , and has been translated into eight languages ( English , Spanish , Italian , Russian , Korean , Flemish , Polish , and Kazakh ) . A shorter version in English was performed in 2000 in Las Vegas , Nevada ( United States ) and a full-length London production , also in English , ran for seventeen months . Several songs from the show , such as Vivre , Belle and Le temps des cathédrales , have been released as singles with a huge success in French speaking countries . Notre-Dame de Paris , according to the Guinness Book of Records , had the most successful first year of any musical ever . The score has been recorded at least seven times to date ( 2007 ) : the original French concept album , which featured Israeli singer Achinoam Nini ( aka Noa ) as Esmeralda was followed by a live , complete recording of the original Paris cast . A complete recording of the score in Italian was made , along with a single disc of highlights in Spanish from the Barcelona production . The original London cast album featured several of the original Paris stars , but only preserved a fraction of the score in English .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_2001', 'summary': 'The Juno Awards of 2001 were held in Hamilton , Ontario Canada during the weekend of 3-4 March 2001 . The primary ceremonies were hosted by Rick Mercer at Copps Coliseum on 4 March 2001 and broadcast on CBC Television . Performers during the telecast included : Deborah Cox , Nelly Furtado , The Guess Who , Jacksoul , Michie Mee , The Moffatts and Treble Charger . Nominations were announced 24 January 2001 . Nelly Furtado received five nominations and won four of these . The 2001 awards were the last Junos broadcast on CBC Television until 2018 . From 2002 to 2017 , the awards would move to CTV . Up to 2001 , every primary Juno ceremony had been aired on the CBC since the first Juno telecast in 1975 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ginette Reno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ginette_Reno', 'summary': 'Ginette Reno , OC CQ ( born 28 April 1946 ) is a Québécois author , composer , singer , and actress . She has received nominations for the Genie and Gemini Awards and is a multi-recipient of the Juno Award . She is a gold and platinum selling Canadian musician .'}]}, {'value': "Un grand Noël d'amour", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Seul - Garou Mieux qu'ici bas - Isabelle Boulay Scènes d'amour - Isabelle Boulay L'Opéra du mendiant - Nicola Ciccone", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seul_(album)', 'summary': 'Seul is the debut album recorded by the Canadian singer Garou . Released in November 2000 , this album was a great success in the francophone countries , reaching the top of the charts in France and Belgium ( Wallonia ) and becoming the best-selling album of 2001 . It contains the hit single Seul which also topped the charts in these countries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Garou_(singer)', 'summary': 'Pierre Garand ( born 26 June 1972 ) , known by his stage name Garou ( a diminutive of his last name Garand ) , is a Canadian singer and actor from Sherbrooke , Quebec . He is known for his work in the musical Notre-Dame de Paris ( playing Quasimodo in both the original French and English casts ) and the No . 1 hits Belle , Seul , Sous le vent , and La Rivière de notre enfance . He currently holds the SNEP record for most weeks at No . 1 . [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isabelle_Boulay', 'summary': 'Isabelle Boulay , CQ ( born 6 July 1972 ) is a French Canadian singer .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Scènes_d'amour", 'summary': "Scènes d'amour is francophone Canadian pop singer Isabelle Boulay 's first live album , released in 2000 . Most tracks on the album were recorded in 1999 during the Les FrancoFolies de Montréal annual summer festival in Montreal , where she appeared on stage and sang with a host of famous guest stars . Tracks 8-9 were recorded in Studio Piccolo ; the 17th was recorded when Boulay was on tour with Francis Cabrel during the fall of 1999 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Isabelle_Boulay', 'summary': 'Isabelle Boulay , CQ ( born 6 July 1972 ) is a French Canadian singer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nicola_Ciccone', 'summary': "Nicola Ciccone is a Canadian francophone singer-songwriter , novelist and writer of Italian origin , based in Quebec . His songs have been in English , Italian , French , and Spanish . To date , he has released seven albums , nominated for many ADISQ , CRIA and Juno prizes and has authored two novels , L'Étoile enfant and Dans les yeux d'Ophelia and an autobiography Cuore ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_2002', 'summary': "The Juno Awards of 2002 were presented in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada during the weekend of 13-14 April 2002 . Nominations were announced 11 February 2002 at a news conference hosted by Mike Bullard . Awards for the secondary categories were presented in a non-televised gala on 13 April . The primary ceremonies were conducted on 14 April at Mile One Stadium and televised by CTV , the first time for the private broadcaster . CBC Television had previously held the broadcast rights for the primary Juno ceremonies . The telecast was hosted by members of Barenaked Ladies and attracted the highest ratings in several years ( approximately 1.4 million viewers ) . Diana Krall won awards three categories based on her album The Look of Love . Nickelback also won three Junos on the strength of their album Silver Side Up , whose recording engineer won an additional Juno . Daniel Lanois was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Parent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Parent', 'summary': 'Kevin Parent ( born 12 December 1972 ) is a bilingual Québécois singer-songwriter .'}]}, {'value': 'Les vents ont changé', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Etc ... - Gabrielle Destroismaisons Cordial - La Bottine Souriante Disparu - La Chicane Du coq à l'âme - Lynda Lemay", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Etc...', 'summary': "Et cetera ( English : /ɛtˈsɛtərə/ , Latin : [ ɛt ˈkeːtɛra ] ) , abbreviated to etc. , etc , & c. , or & c , is a Latin expression that is used in English to mean and other similar things , or and so forth . Translated literally from Latin , et means 'and ' , while cētera means 'the rest ' ; thus the expression means 'and the rest ( of such things ) ' . It is a calque of the Koine Greek καὶ τὰ ἕτερα kai ta hetera , 'and the other things ' . ( The usual Modern Greek form is και τα λοιπά kai ta loipá , 'and the remainder ' . )"}, {'url': '/wiki/Gabrielle_Destroismaisons', 'summary': 'Gabrielle Destroismaisons ( born December 29 , 1982 in Saint-Lin-Laurentides , Quebec ) is a Québécois singer . In 2000 , she released her debut album Etc. , which sold more than 100,000 copies in a few months and led to Destroismaisons being awarded one win and two nominations at the 2002 Félix Awards and a nomination at the 2002 Juno Awards . She participated in the 20 year anniversary show of La fureur as a guest singer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cordial_(album)', 'summary': "Cordial is the tenth studio album from Québécois band La Bottine Souriante . It was released in 2001 through the band 's own label , Les Productions Mille-Pattes . Like in the band 's recent albums , contemporary instruments are added in to give the songs a modern sound . In this album , synthesizers , drums and mixing ( track 16 ) are introduced . The first track is even mixed with traditional arabic music . All the songs and reels are still mostly traditional ."}, {'url': '/wiki/La_Bottine_Souriante', 'summary': "La Bottine Souriante is a folk band from Canada . The band specializes in traditional French Canadian folk music , often with a modern twist . Formed in 1976 by Yves Lambert , Andre Marchand , and Mario Forest , they have toured extensively through Europe and North America . In 1990 , the band integrated a four-piece horn section with traditional instruments such as accordion , fiddle , guitar , piano and double bass , in order to add an element of jazz to their music . In 1998 , they contributed a song to the Canadian Celtic music compilation by The Chieftains , Fire in the Kitchen . The group 's name means the smiling boot , which refers to the appearance of a work boot with worn-out soles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/La_Chicane', 'summary': "La Chicane is a Canadian francophone rock band based in Val-d'Or , Quebec . Their sound is described as jazz-rock or lounge rock ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lynda_Lemay', 'summary': 'Lynda Lemay ( born 25 July 1966 in Portneuf , Quebec ) is a Canadian francophone singer-songwriter . Through her mother she is a descendant of Zacharie Cloutier . After winning regional awards in 1989 she went to France and regularly tours in Quebec and France , including at the Paris Olympia . Her recording Live was nominated as one of the best-selling Francophone albums at the 2000 Juno Awards .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Recipients -- Best Selling Francophone Album ( 1992–2002 )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Juno_Award_for_Francophone_Album_of_the_Year_0', 'intro': 'The Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year is an annual award presented by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (CARAS) for the best French-language album in Canada. From 1993 to 2003, it was awarded as the Best Selling Francophone Album, based entirely on album sales, but is now chosen by a jury vote.'} | null | null | What is the birthdate of the singer who 's winning album is called Coup de tête ? | 26 March 1963 |
0b93f9e62cf978b2 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Tanzania', 'title': 'List of universities and colleges in Tanzania', 'header': ['Reg . No', 'Institution', 'Acronym', 'Founded', 'Region'], 'data': [{'value': '005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala International University Dar es Salaam College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kampala_International_University_Dar_es_Salaam_College', 'summary': 'Kampala International University in Tanzania ( KIUT ) is a private university in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania .'}]}, {'value': 'KIU-DAR', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dar es Salaam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam_Region', 'summary': "Dar es Salaam ( /ˌdɑːr ɛs səˈlɑːm/ ; from Arabic : دار السلام , romanized : Dār as-Salām , meaning : place of peace ) is the largest city and former capital of Tanzania . It is the largest city in East Africa and the seventh-largest in Africa , with a population of 6,701,650. : page 2 Located on the Swahili coast , Dar es Salaam is an important economic centre and one of the fastest growing cities in the world . Until 1974 , Dar es Salaam served as Tanzania 's capital city , at which point the capital city commenced transferring to Dodoma , by order of then-president Julius Nyerere , which was officially completed in 1996 . However , as of 2018 , it remains a focus of central government bureaucracy , although this is in the process of fully moving to Dodoma . It is Tanzania 's most prominent city in arts , fashion , media , music , film and television , and is a leading financial centre . The city is the leading arrival and departure point for most tourists who visit Tanzania , including the national parks for safaris and the islands of Unguja and Pemba . It is the capital of the co-extensive Dar es Salaam Region , which is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions and consists of five districts : Kinondoni in the north , Ilala in the centre , Ubungo and Temeke in the south and Kigamboni in the east across the Kurasini creek ."}]}, {'value': '006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mwenge University College of Education', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mwenge_University_College_of_Education', 'summary': 'The Mwenge Catholic University ( MWECAU ) , formerly Mwenge University College of Education ( MWUCE ) , is a university which is under the Tanzania Episcopal Conference of the Roman Catholic Church , located in Moshi , Tanzania .'}]}, {'value': 'MWUCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilimanjaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilimanjaro_Region', 'summary': "Kilimanjaro Region is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions with a postcode number 25000 . The regional capital is the municipality of Moshi . According to the 2012 national census , the region had a population of 1,640,087 , which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,702,207. : page 2 For 2002-2012 , the region 's 1.8 percent average annual population growth rate was the 24th highest in the country . : page 4 It was also the eighth most densely populated region with 124 people per square kilometer . : page 6 The region forms part of the Northern Tourism Circuit in Tanzania . It is home to the Kilimanjaro National Park , the Mkomazi National Park , the Pare Mountains , Lake Jipe , Lake Chala , tropical forests and waterfalls . The region is bordered to the north and east by Kenya , to the south by the Tanga Region , to the southwest by the Manyara Region , and to the west by the Arusha Region ."}]}, {'value': '007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilimanjaro_Christian_Medical_University_College', 'summary': 'Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College ( KCMUCo ) is a constituent college of Tumaini University Makumira in Moshi , Tanzania .'}]}, {'value': 'KCMCo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilimanjaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilimanjaro_Region', 'summary': "Kilimanjaro Region is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions with a postcode number 25000 . The regional capital is the municipality of Moshi . According to the 2012 national census , the region had a population of 1,640,087 , which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,702,207. : page 2 For 2002-2012 , the region 's 1.8 percent average annual population growth rate was the 24th highest in the country . : page 4 It was also the eighth most densely populated region with 124 people per square kilometer . : page 6 The region forms part of the Northern Tourism Circuit in Tanzania . It is home to the Kilimanjaro National Park , the Mkomazi National Park , the Pare Mountains , Lake Jipe , Lake Chala , tropical forests and waterfalls . The region is bordered to the north and east by Kenya , to the south by the Tanga Region , to the southwest by the Manyara Region , and to the west by the Arusha Region ."}]}, {'value': '008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruaha Catholic University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruaha_Catholic_University', 'summary': 'Ruaha Catholic University ( RUCU ) is a private university in Tanzania . It is located in Iringa , Tanzania . It was started by the Tanzania Episcopal Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'RUCU', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iringa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iringa_Region', 'summary': "Iringa is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions . The regional capital is Iringa . The region 's population is 941,238 . It is primarily agricultural and boasts the second-highest per-capita GDP in the country . Iringa Region is home to Ruaha National Park , Tanzania 's second largest park , which has an abundance of wildlife . The Regional Commissioner of the Iringa Region is Ally Hapi ."}]}, {'value': '009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Francis_University_College_of_Health_and_Allied_Sciences', 'summary': 'The St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences ( SFUCHAS ) is a constituent college of St. Augustine University of Tanzania , The College was established in 2010 by the Tanzania Episcopal Conference ( TEC ) based on the need of the Catholic Church to contribute to the training of more doctors and other Health Professionals in Tanzania . The College was provisionally registered by the Tanzania Commission for Universities ( TCU ) on 2 November 2010 and was fully registered on September 2013 . The College is the second Medical school after the former Weill Bugando in Mwanza , now Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences ( CUHAS ) to be established and owned by the Catholic Bishops of Tanzania . St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences is located in Ifakara town ; an administrative home of the Kilombero district , in Morogoro region lying 420 km South-West of Dar-s-Salaam and 230 km from Morogoro Town . It is the first medical school to be established in rural town of Tanzania . The College offers the following academic programs : -'}]}, {'value': 'SFUCHAS', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morogoro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morogoro_Region', 'summary': "Morogoro Region is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions . The regional capital is the municipality of Morogoro . According to the 2012 national census , the region had a population of 2,218,492 , which was higher than the pre-census projection of 2,209,072 . : page 2 For 2002-2012 , the region 's 2.4 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the fourteenth highest in the country . : page 4 It was also the 22nd most densely populated region with 31 people per square kilometer . : page 6 Morogoro Region is bordered to the north by the Tanga Region , to the east by the Pwani and Lindi Regions , to the south by the Ruvuma Region and to the west by the Iringa and Dodoma Regions . The regional commissioner of the Morogoro Region is Dr.Kebwe Steven Kebwe ."}]}, {'value': '010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Joseph University College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SJUCAST', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruvuma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruvuma', 'summary': 'Ruvuma River , formerly also known as the Rovuma River , is a river in the African Great Lakes region . During the greater part of its course , it forms the border between Tanzania and Mozambique ( in Mozambique known as Rio Rovuma ) . The river is 800 kilometres ( 497 mi ) long , with a drainage basin of 155,500 square kilometres ( 60,000 sq mi ) in size . Its mean annual discharge is 475 m³/s ( 16,774 CFS ) at its mouth .'}]}, {'value': '011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Joseph University College of Information and Technology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SJUCIT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruvuma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruvuma', 'summary': 'Ruvuma River , formerly also known as the Rovuma River , is a river in the African Great Lakes region . During the greater part of its course , it forms the border between Tanzania and Mozambique ( in Mozambique known as Rio Rovuma ) . The river is 800 kilometres ( 497 mi ) long , with a drainage basin of 155,500 square kilometres ( 60,000 sq mi ) in size . Its mean annual discharge is 475 m³/s ( 16,774 CFS ) at its mouth .'}]}, {'value': '012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Joseph University College of Management and Commerce', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SJUCMC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Njombe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Njombe', 'summary': 'Njombe is a town in southern Tanzania . It is the regional capital of Njombe Region as well as the district headquarter of Njombe Rural District and Njombe Urban District . It is located at nearly 2000 meters of altitude on the eastern edge of the Kipengere Range and has the reputation of being a cold town .'}]}, {'value': '013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stefano Moshi Memorial University College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stefano_Moshi_Memorial_University_College', 'summary': 'Stefano Moshi Memorial University College ( SMMUCo ) is a constituent college of Tumaini University Makumira in Moshi , Tanzania .'}]}, {'value': 'SMMUCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilimanjaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilimanjaro_Region', 'summary': "Kilimanjaro Region is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions with a postcode number 25000 . The regional capital is the municipality of Moshi . According to the 2012 national census , the region had a population of 1,640,087 , which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,702,207. : page 2 For 2002-2012 , the region 's 1.8 percent average annual population growth rate was the 24th highest in the country . : page 4 It was also the eighth most densely populated region with 124 people per square kilometer . : page 6 The region forms part of the Northern Tourism Circuit in Tanzania . It is home to the Kilimanjaro National Park , the Mkomazi National Park , the Pare Mountains , Lake Jipe , Lake Chala , tropical forests and waterfalls . The region is bordered to the north and east by Kenya , to the south by the Tanga Region , to the southwest by the Manyara Region , and to the west by the Arusha Region ."}]}, {'value': '016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stella Maris Mtwara University College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stella_Maris_Mtwara_University_College', 'summary': 'The Stella Maris Mtwara University College ( STEMMUCO ) is a constituent college of St. Augustine University of Tanzania in Mtwara , Tanzania .'}]}, {'value': 'STEMMUCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mtwara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mtwara_Region', 'summary': "Mtwara Region is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions . The regional capital is the municipality of Mtwara . According to the 2012 national census , the region had a population of 1,270,854 , which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,374,767. : page 2 For 2002-2012 , the region 's 1.2 percent average annual population growth rate was the 26th highest in the country . : page 4 It was also the fourteenth most densely populated region with 76 people per square kilometer . : page 6 The boundary with Mozambique to the south is formed by the Ruvuma River . To the west , Mtwara is bordered by Ruvuma Region , to the north by Lindi Region , and to the east is the Indian Ocean . Development of the Mtwara Region has been constrained by the lack of highway and energy infrastructures . The Dar es Salaam-Kibiti-Lindi-Mtwara road has been improved by the completion of the Mkapa Bridge over the Rufiji River . Mnazi Bay gas promises to provide reliable and adequate electricity for powering industrial and commercial activities in the region . [ citation needed ] The regional commissioner of the Mtwara Region is Anatoli A. Tarimo ."}]}, {'value': '015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tumaini University Dar es Salaam College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tumaini_University_Dar_es_Salaam_College', 'summary': 'Tumaini University Dar es Salaam College ( TUMADARCo ) is a constituent college of Tumaini University Makumira in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania .'}]}, {'value': 'TUDARCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dar es Salaam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam_Region', 'summary': "Dar es Salaam ( /ˌdɑːr ɛs səˈlɑːm/ ; from Arabic : دار السلام , romanized : Dār as-Salām , meaning : place of peace ) is the largest city and former capital of Tanzania . It is the largest city in East Africa and the seventh-largest in Africa , with a population of 6,701,650. : page 2 Located on the Swahili coast , Dar es Salaam is an important economic centre and one of the fastest growing cities in the world . Until 1974 , Dar es Salaam served as Tanzania 's capital city , at which point the capital city commenced transferring to Dodoma , by order of then-president Julius Nyerere , which was officially completed in 1996 . However , as of 2018 , it remains a focus of central government bureaucracy , although this is in the process of fully moving to Dodoma . It is Tanzania 's most prominent city in arts , fashion , media , music , film and television , and is a leading financial centre . The city is the leading arrival and departure point for most tourists who visit Tanzania , including the national parks for safaris and the islands of Unguja and Pemba . It is the capital of the co-extensive Dar es Salaam Region , which is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions and consists of five districts : Kinondoni in the north , Ilala in the centre , Ubungo and Temeke in the south and Kigamboni in the east across the Kurasini creek ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Private university colleges', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_universities_in_Tanzania_3', 'intro': 'This is a list of universities and colleges in Tanzania. The country has 27 universities (11 public and 16 private (Osuvat simon mollel) and 15 University colleges (4 public and 11 private). Universities and University Colleges are regulated by the Tanzania Commission for Universities.'} | null | null | What university was started by the Tanzania Episcopal Conference and is located in a region with a population of 941,238 ? | Ruaha Catholic University |
0b94abf09f657b1c | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_New_South_Wales', 'title': '1920 New Zealand rugby union tour of New South Wales', 'header': ['#', 'Date', 'Rival', 'City', 'Venue', 'Score'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auckland RU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'Auckland are the top representative rugby union team of the Auckland Rugby Football Union in New Zealand . They currently compete in the Mitre 10 Cup Premiership . Auckland has been the most successful team in NPC and its successors , winning the title a record 16 times . Auckland have also produced a record number of All Blacks , 181 , the most recent being Akira Ioane in 2017 . Auckland are currently coached by Alama Ieremia .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland', 'summary': 'Auckland ( /ˈɔːklənd/ AWK-lənd ) ( Māori : Tāmaki Makaurau ) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand . The most populous urban area in the country , Auckland has an urban population of around 1,570,100 ( June 2018 ) . It is located in the Auckland Region - the area governed by Auckland Council - which includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf , resulting in a total population of 1,618,400 . Auckland is a diverse , multicultural and cosmopolitan city , home to the largest Polynesian population in the world . The Māori-language name for Auckland is Tāmaki Makaurau , meaning Tāmaki desired by many , in reference to the desirability of its natural resources and geography . Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf of the Pacific Ocean to the east , the low Hunua Ranges to the south-east , the Manukau Harbour to the south-west , and the Waitakere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west . The surrounding hills are covered in rainforest and the landscape is dotted with dozens of dormant volcanic cones . The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitematā Harbour on the Pacific Ocean . Auckland is one of the few cities in the world to have a harbour on each of two separate major bodies of water . The isthmus on which Auckland resides was first settled around 1350 and was valued for its rich and fertile land . The Māori population in the area is estimated to have peaked at 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans . After a British colony was established in 1840 , William Hobson , then Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand , chose the area as his new capital .'}]}, {'value': 'Eden Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eden_Park', 'summary': "Eden Park is New Zealand 's largest sports stadium . Located in central Auckland , New Zealand 's largest city , it is three kilometres southwest of the CBD , on the boundary between the suburbs of Mount Eden and Kingsland . Although used primarily for rugby union in winter and cricket in summer , it has hosted rugby league and football matches . In 2011 it hosted pool games , two quarter-finals , both semi-finals and the final of 2011 Rugby World Cup . In doing so it became the first stadium in the world to host two Rugby World Cup Finals , having held the inaugural final in 1987 . It was a venue for the 2015 Cricket World Cup , which was jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand . Eden Park is considered one of rugby union 's most difficult assignments for visiting sides : New Zealand 's national rugby union team , the All Blacks , have been unbeaten at this venue for over 40 consecutive test matches stretching back to 1994 . Eden Park is the site of the 2021 Te Matatini . It will also be the site for 2021 Women 's Cricket World Cup and the final of the 2021 Women 's Rugby World Cup ."}]}, {'value': '11-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manawatu / Horowhenua / Wanganui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manawatu_Rugby_Union', 'summary': "The Manawatu Rugby Football Union ( MRU ) is the governing body of the sport of rugby union in the Manawatu-Wanganui region of New Zealand . Founded in 1886 , Manawatu is one of New Zealand 's oldest rugby unions . In 1892 , the MRU , amongst other unions , was instrumental in the founding of the New Zealand Rugby Union ( NZRU ) . In 1997-98 Manawatu entered into an amalgamation with Hawke 's Bay , as the Central Vikings , and wore orange and blue . The union is based in the city of Palmerston North though its catchment area includes players and clubs from nearby towns in the province , including Ashhurst , Feilding , Rongotea , Linton , Bulls , Pahiatua , Woodville and Dannevirke . It has over 5,000 players , making it the tenth largest union in New Zealand in terms of player numbers . In 2011 , the union celebrated its 125th jubilee . Manawatu have traditionally played in a distinctive green and white tramline jersey , which is thought to have been established in 1909 . In 1996 , a jersey including red was worn , and colours worn have varied since the union was formed . The union 's home ground is Central Energy Trust Arena . It was host to two matches during the 2011 Rugby World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Horowhenua-Kapiti_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': "The Horowhenua-Kapiti Rugby Football Union is the governing body for rugby union in the Horowhenua and Kapiti Coast districts in the Manawatu-Wanganui and Wellington regions . The union was established in 1893 as the Horowhenua Rugby Football Union and was changed to its current name of Horowhenua-Kapiti in 1997 , in order to reflect the full extent of the union 's districts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wanganui_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wanganui Rugby Football Union ( WRFU ) is the governing body for rugby union in the Whanganui region of New Zealand . The Wanganui Rugby Football Union was formed in 1888 . The Wanganui team play from Cooks Gardens , Whanganui , and have enjoyed much success on the playing field throughout their history . The side are one of the leading provinces in New Zealand purely for the number of Divisional Championships won . Since the introduction of the National Provincial Championship in 1976 , Wanganui have won the 3rd most Provincial Championship titles , with 10 Championships to their name . They sit behind only Auckland ( with 16 Championships ) and Canterbury ( with 13 championships ) . Both the Taranaki and South Canterbury Rugby Unions sit just behind Wanganui with 8 Provincial Championships each . Further to this , the Wanganui team have played in Heartland Championship Grand Finals in 11 of the last 12 seasons of the Heartland Championship competition ( 10 in the top tier Meads Cup , and 1 in the second tier Lochore Cup ) . The Wanganui team were promoted to the top tier of New Zealand Rugby ( the Air New Zealand Cup Division One competition ) , for the 2010 season . Subsequently , the NZRU later announced another alteration to the NPC format for 2010 and 2011 , which meant the Air New Zealand Cup remained a 14-team competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Palmerston North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palmerston_North', 'summary': "Palmerston North ( /ˈpɑːmərstən/ ; Māori : Te Papa-i-Oea ) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Manawatū-Whanganui region . Located in the eastern Manawatu Plains , the city is near the north bank of the Manawatu River , 35 km ( 22 mi ) from the river 's mouth , and 12 km ( 7 mi ) from the end of the Manawatu Gorge , about 140 km ( 87 mi ) north of the capital , Wellington . Palmerston North is the country 's seventh-largest city and eighth-largest urban area , with an urban population of 86,600 ( June 2018 ) . The official limits of the city take in rural areas to the south , north-east , north-west and west of the main urban area , extending to the Tararua Ranges ; including the town of Ashhurst at the mouth of the Manawatu Gorge , the villages of Bunnythorpe and Longburn in the north and west respectively . The city covers a land area of 395 square kilometres ( 98,000 acres ) . The city 's location was once little more than a clearing in a forest and occupied by small communities of Māori , who called it Papa-i-Oea , believed to mean How beautiful it is . In the mid-19th century , it was settled by Europeans - originally by Scandinavians and , later , British colonists . On foundation , the British settlement was bestowed the name Palmerston , in honour of Viscount Palmerston , a former British Prime Minister . The suffix North was added in 1871 to distinguish the settlement from Palmerston in the South Island . Today , the name is often informally shortened to Palmy . Early Palmerston North relied on public works and sawmilling . The west coast railway was built in 1886 , linking the town to Wellington , and Palmerston North benefited from a booming pastoral farming industry ."}]}, {'value': 'Showground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '39-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NSW Waratahs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_Waratahs', 'summary': 'The New South Wales Waratahs ( /ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/ ; referred to as the Waratahs , are an Australian rugby union team representing the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby competition . The Riverina and other southern parts of the state , are represented by the Brumbies , who are based in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) . The Waratahs name has historically been the name for the New South Wales Rugby Union ( NSWRU ) representative team , and became the name for the New South Wales team when it entered the Super Six , Super 10 and Super 12 competitions . The name and emblem comes from the waratah , the state flower for New South Wales . Until 2019 , their home ground was Sydney Football Stadium in Sydney . With this closed for demolition and rebuilding , in 2019 home games will be played at the Sydney Cricket Ground and Western Sydney Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Sports Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Sports_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Sports Ground No . 1 was a Stadium and Dirt track racing venue in Sydney , New South Wales . The ground was located where the car park of the Sydney Football Stadium ( SFS ) currently sits . The ground had two main grandstands and was surrounded by a grass covered hill , giving it a capacity of more than 35,000 . It was demolished along with the smaller No.2 Ground in 1986 to allow the building of the SFS , which opened in 1988 . During its lifespan the Sports Ground hosted Rugby league , Rugby Union , Soccer , Motorcycle speedway and Speedway car racing . The Sports Ground was the home ground of NSWRL team , the Eastern Suburbs Roosters , the club playing 500 games at the ground from 1911 until 1986 , with a 283-199-18 W-L-D record .'}]}, {'value': '26-15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manning River District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taree', 'summary': 'Taree is a town on the Mid North Coast , New South Wales , Australia . Taree and nearby Cundletown were settled in 1831 by William Wynter . Since then Taree has grown to a population of 26,381 , and is the centre of a significant agricultural district . It is 16 km from the Tasman Sea coast , and 317 km north of Sydney . Taree can be reached by train via the North Coast Railway , and by the Pacific Highway . Taree railway station is on the North Coast line of the NSW TrainLink network . It is serviced by six NSW TrainLink trains daily : three heading to Sydney , another three heading North to Grafton , Casino or Brisbane . Taree is within the local government area of Mid-Coast Council , the state electorate of Myall Lakes and the Federal electorate of Lyne .'}]}, {'value': 'Tare Ground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '70-9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NSW Waratahs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_Waratahs', 'summary': 'The New South Wales Waratahs ( /ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/ ; referred to as the Waratahs , are an Australian rugby union team representing the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby competition . The Riverina and other southern parts of the state , are represented by the Brumbies , who are based in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) . The Waratahs name has historically been the name for the New South Wales Rugby Union ( NSWRU ) representative team , and became the name for the New South Wales team when it entered the Super Six , Super 10 and Super 12 competitions . The name and emblem comes from the waratah , the state flower for New South Wales . Until 2019 , their home ground was Sydney Football Stadium in Sydney . With this closed for demolition and rebuilding , in 2019 home games will be played at the Sydney Cricket Ground and Western Sydney Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Sports Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Sports_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Sports Ground No . 1 was a Stadium and Dirt track racing venue in Sydney , New South Wales . The ground was located where the car park of the Sydney Football Stadium ( SFS ) currently sits . The ground had two main grandstands and was surrounded by a grass covered hill , giving it a capacity of more than 35,000 . It was demolished along with the smaller No.2 Ground in 1986 to allow the building of the SFS , which opened in 1988 . During its lifespan the Sports Ground hosted Rugby league , Rugby Union , Soccer , Motorcycle speedway and Speedway car racing . The Sports Ground was the home ground of NSWRL team , the Eastern Suburbs Roosters , the club playing 500 games at the ground from 1911 until 1986 , with a 283-199-18 W-L-D record .'}]}, {'value': '14-6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metropolitan Union', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Showground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A N.S.W', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Sports Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Sports_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Sports Ground No . 1 was a Stadium and Dirt track racing venue in Sydney , New South Wales . The ground was located where the car park of the Sydney Football Stadium ( SFS ) currently sits . The ground had two main grandstands and was surrounded by a grass covered hill , giving it a capacity of more than 35,000 . It was demolished along with the smaller No.2 Ground in 1986 to allow the building of the SFS , which opened in 1988 . During its lifespan the Sports Ground hosted Rugby league , Rugby Union , Soccer , Motorcycle speedway and Speedway car racing . The Sports Ground was the home ground of NSWRL team , the Eastern Suburbs Roosters , the club playing 500 games at the ground from 1911 until 1986 , with a 283-199-18 W-L-D record .'}]}, {'value': '31-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NSW Waratahs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_Waratahs', 'summary': 'The New South Wales Waratahs ( /ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/ ; referred to as the Waratahs , are an Australian rugby union team representing the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby competition . The Riverina and other southern parts of the state , are represented by the Brumbies , who are based in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) . The Waratahs name has historically been the name for the New South Wales Rugby Union ( NSWRU ) representative team , and became the name for the New South Wales team when it entered the Super Six , Super 10 and Super 12 competitions . The name and emblem comes from the waratah , the state flower for New South Wales . Until 2019 , their home ground was Sydney Football Stadium in Sydney . With this closed for demolition and rebuilding , in 2019 home games will be played at the Sydney Cricket Ground and Western Sydney Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Sports Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Sports_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Sports Ground No . 1 was a Stadium and Dirt track racing venue in Sydney , New South Wales . The ground was located where the car park of the Sydney Football Stadium ( SFS ) currently sits . The ground had two main grandstands and was surrounded by a grass covered hill , giving it a capacity of more than 35,000 . It was demolished along with the smaller No.2 Ground in 1986 to allow the building of the SFS , which opened in 1988 . During its lifespan the Sports Ground hosted Rugby league , Rugby Union , Soccer , Motorcycle speedway and Speedway car racing . The Sports Ground was the home ground of NSWRL team , the Eastern Suburbs Roosters , the club playing 500 games at the ground from 1911 until 1986 , with a 283-199-18 W-L-D record .'}]}, {'value': '24-13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metropolitan Union', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'University Oval', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_Oval,_Sydney', 'summary': "University Oval is a cricket ground at the University of Sydney , in Sydney , Australia . The first recorded match on the ground was in 1898 , when it was the venue for a game between the Australian Universities and A. E. Stoddart 's XI . The ground has also hosted a Women 's Test match between Australia and New Zealand ."}]}, {'value': '79-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wellington RU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wellington Rugby Football Union ( known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons ) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region . The main stadium is Sky Stadium ( formerly named Westpac Stadium ) which is located in Wellington . The union also represents the Wellington Lions , which is professional rugby union team who compete in the Mitre 10 Cup competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield . Before 2006 the Lions competed in the National Provincial Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington', 'summary': "Wellington ( Māori : Te Whanganui-a-Tara [ tɛ ˈfaŋanʉi a taɾa ] ) is the capital and second-most populous urban area of New Zealand , with 418,500 residents . It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island , between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range . Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island , and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region , which also includes the Kapiti Coast and the Wairarapa . It is the world 's southernmost capital of a sovereign state . Wellington features a temperate maritime climate , and is the world 's windiest city by average wind speed . The Wellington metropolitan area comprises four local authorities : Wellington City , on the peninsula between Cook Strait and Wellington Harbour , contains the central business district and about half the population ; Porirua on Porirua Harbour to the north is notable for its large Māori and Pacific Island communities ; Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt are largely suburban areas to the northeast , together known as the Hutt Valley . As the nation 's capital since 1865 , the New Zealand Government and Parliament , Supreme Court and most of the public service are based in the city . Architectural sights include The Old Government Buildings - one of the largest wooden buildings in the world - as well as the iconic Beehive , the executive wing of the New Zealand Parliament . Wellington is also home to several of the largest and oldest cultural institutions in the nation , such the National Archives , the National Library , the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa , and numerous theatres . It plays host to many artistic and cultural organisations , including the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra and Royal New Zealand Ballet . One of the world 's most liveable cities , the 2016 Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranked Wellington 12th in the world , and was first in the world for both liveability and non-pollution by Deutsche Bank , from 2017-18 . Wellington 's economy is primarily service-based , with an emphasis on finance , business services , and government ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletic Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletic_Park,_Wellington', 'summary': 'Athletic Park was a sports ground used mostly for rugby matches in Wellington , New Zealand . It closed in 1999 .'}]}, {'value': '38-3', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Match summary', 'section_text': 'Complete list of matches played by the All Blacks in New South Wales : [ 1 ] Test matches', 'uid': '1920_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_New_South_Wales_0', 'intro': 'The 1920 New Zealand tour rugby to New South Wales was the ninth tour by the New Zealand national team to Australia. The three most important matches on the tour were played against the New South Wales selection, and the All Blacks won the 3 match series 3-0. After the First World War, rugby union in Australia was initially only resumed within New South Wales (many players switched to rugby league, especially in Queensland), so official Test matches between the two national sides did not resume until 1929. In 1986 the Australian Rugby Union accorded Test status to the matches New South Wales played against full international teams in the 1920 to 1928 period, but the New Zealand Rugby Union does not record these matches as Tests. Before and after the tour, New Zealand played some matches in their own country against provincial selections. The following year, New South Wales visited New Zealand on their 1921 tour.'} | null | null | How many suburbs are in the city whose team has a name derived from the state symbol of a flower ? | 658 |
0b951da0847fcf0c | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Montreal_Impact_season', 'title': '2012 Montreal Impact season', 'header': ['No', 'Pos', 'Player', 'Transferred to', 'Fee/Notes', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Riley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Riley_(soccer)', 'summary': 'James Riley ( born October 27 , 1982 ) is an American soccer defender . Riley previously spent eleven seasons in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) with the New England Revolution ( 2005-2007 ) , San Jose Earthquakes ( 2008 ) , Seattle Sounders FC ( 2009-2011 ) , Chivas USA ( 2012 ) , D.C. United ( 2013 ) , LA Galaxy ( 2014 ) , and the Colorado Rapids ( 2015 ) . Riley served as the captain of the Cascadia National Team in the 2018 ConIFA World Football Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Chivas USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.D._Chivas_USA', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Chivas USA was an American professional soccer team based in Carson , California , a suburb of Los Angeles . The club played from 2005 to 2014 in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) and was a subsidiary of Mexican club C.D . Guadalajara , sharing common ownership and branding . The club was the eleventh MLS team upon its entry into the league in 2004 . Chivas USA was intended to be seen as a little brother to its parent club C.D . Guadalajara , one of the most widely supported and successful teams in Mexico . Chiva is Latin American Spanish for goat , seen as a tough and resilient animal in Mexico , and is the nickname of C.D . Guadalajara . Chivas USA played its home games at the StubHub Center in Carson , which it shared with its rival , the LA Galaxy . The club was originally owned by Antonio Cue and Jorge Vergara , who also owns C.D . Guadalajara . In 2014 , MLS purchased the club from Vergara with plans to sell to new owners .'}]}, {'value': 'Traded for Justin Braun and Gerson Mayen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justin_Braun_(soccer)', 'summary': 'Justin Braun ( born March 31 , 1987 ) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gerson_Mayen', 'summary': 'Gerson Levi Mayen Villavicencio ( born February 9 , 1989 ) is a Salvadoran professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for El Salvador national team .'}]}, {'value': 'November 23 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seth Sinovic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seth_Sinovic', 'summary': 'Seth Sinovic ( /sɪˈnoʊvɪk/ ; born January 28 , 1987 ) is an American soccer player who currently plays as a left back for New England Revolution in Major League Soccer .'}]}, {'value': 'Sporting Kansas City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sporting_Kansas_City', 'summary': "Sporting Kansas City , often shortened to Sporting KC , is an American professional soccer club based in Kansas City , Kansas . The administrative offices are located in Downtown Kansas City , Missouri , and the team clubhouse and practice facilities are located in Kansas City , Kansas near Children 's Mercy Park . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , having returned in 2015 after spending ten seasons in the Eastern Conference . Sporting KC began play in 1996 as a charter team in the league , then known as the Kansas City Wiz . The team was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1995 . Since moving across the state line , they have been the only major professional sports league franchise to play their home games in Kansas . For the majority of their existence , the franchise were known as the Kansas City Wizards . The team rebranded in November 2010 , coinciding with its move to their home stadium , now known as Children 's Mercy Park . The franchise has won the MLS Cup twice ( 2000 , 2013 ) , the Supporters ' Shield in 2000 , and the U.S. Open Cup in 2004 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . The club also has a reserve team , Sporting Kansas City II , that plays in the second-tier USL Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Traded for Davy Arnaud and allocation money', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davy_Arnaud', 'summary': 'Davy Arnaud ( /ˈɑːrnoʊ/ ; born June 22 , 1980 ) is a retired American soccer player who previously played for Sporting Kansas City , the Montreal Impact , and D.C. United .'}]}, {'value': 'November 28 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian Ching', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Ching', 'summary': "Brian Ching ( born May 24 , 1978 ) an American retired professional soccer player who played for twelve years in Major League Soccer and represented the U.S. national team for eight years . Ching 's professional career began when he was the 16th pick overall by the Los Angeles Galaxy in the 2001 MLS SuperDraft , making him the first Gonzaga player and the first player from his native Hawaii selected in the MLS draft . After winning the U.S. Open Cup with Los Angeles , Ching was released from the team and played with the second division Seattle Sounders . He returned to first division soccer when the San Jose Earthquakes acquired him in the 2003 MLS Supplemental Draft . He won an MLS Cup and Supporters ' Shield with the Earthquakes , collected the MLS Comeback Player of the Year Award , the MLS Golden Boot , and was named to the MLS Best XI . In 2006 , Ching relocated to Houston when the Earthquakes team became the Houston Dynamo . He led the team to back-to-back MLS Cup Championships in 2006 and 2007 and four MLS finals overall . A six-time MLS All-Star , Ching retired from professional soccer in 2013 as Houston Dynamo 's all-time leading scorer . Ching made his international debut May 26 , 2003 , becoming the first Hawaiian-born player to represent the United States . He became the first Hawaiian to be named to the U.S. roster for the 2006 FIFA World Cup , although he did not see any playing time . His only international silverware is the 2007 Gold Cup . Off the field , Ching is a pillar in the Houston community where he is partnered with Habitat for Humanity to build homes for underprivileged families in the Houston area through fundraising efforts under his program The House that Ching Built ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston Dynamo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Dynamo', 'summary': "Houston Dynamo are an American professional soccer club based in Houston , Texas . The franchise competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The Dynamo had first played their home games at Robertson Stadium on the University of Houston campus until 2011 . Since 2012 , the Dynamo has played home matches at BBVA Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in Houston . The Dynamo was established on December 15 , 2005 , when the then owner of the San Jose Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced that the team was relocating to Houston after failed attempts in securing a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose , California . The club would then be an expansion team of the league , which began play in 2006 . The Dynamo are owned by Gabriel Brener , Jake Silverstein , Ben Guill , NBA star James Harden , and former boxer Oscar De La Hoya . Houston Dynamo 's domestic success consists of winning the 2006 and 2007 MLS Cups in their first two seasons . They also won the U.S. Open Cup in 2018 . In 2008 , Houston became the first American club to secure a point on Mexican soil in the CONCACAF Champions League era during the 2008-2017 format of the tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Traded for a conditional pick in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_MLS_SuperDraft', 'summary': 'The 2013 MLS SuperDraft was the fourteenth SuperDraft presented by Major League Soccer . The draft took place on January 17 , 2013 in Indianapolis , Indiana at the Indiana Convention Center . The Colorado Rapids enjoyed returns from the 2013 draft , with its two first-round draft picks Dillon Powers and Deshorn Brown finishing first and second respectively in 2013 rookie of the year voting . The 2013 season also showed the ability of MLS teams to develop young talent without turning to the draft , as homegrown players DeAndre Yedlin and Gyasi Zardes finished third and fourth respectively in rookie of the year voting .'}]}, {'value': 'February 16 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eddie Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddie_Johnson_(American_soccer)', 'summary': "Edward Abraham Johnson ( born March 31 , 1984 ) is an American retired soccer player . Johnson played the majority of his fourteen-year club career in the U.S. with FC Dallas , Kansas City Wizards , Seattle Sounders FC , and D.C. United . Johnson also spent three-and-one-half years with several European clubs . Johnson also played for the United States men 's national soccer team from 2004 to 2014 , and was part of the U.S. squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup . At the time of his retirement , Johnson ranked eighth on the list of goal-scorers with 19 goals for the U.S. national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle Sounders FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Sounders_FC', 'summary': "Seattle Sounders FC is an American professional soccer club based in Seattle , Washington . The Sounders compete as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established on November 13 , 2007 , and began play in 2009 as an MLS expansion team . The Sounders are a phoenix club , carrying the same name as the original franchise that competed in the North American Soccer League from 1974 to 1983 . The club 's majority owner is Adrian Hanauer , and its minority owners are the estate of Paul Allen , Drew Carey , and 11 families from the Seattle area . Former USL Sounders coach and assistant coach Brian Schmetzer took over as head coach in July 2016 after the departure of Sigi Schmid . The Sounders play their home league matches at CenturyLink Field , with a reduced capacity of 37,722 seats for most matches . Along with several organized groups , a 53-member marching band called 'Sound Wave ' supports the club at each home match . Seattle competes with rival MLS clubs Portland and Vancouver for the Cascadia Cup . The Sounders played their inaugural match on March 19 , 2009 , winning 3-0 over the New York Red Bulls . Seattle has been among the league 's most successful teams , winning the U.S. Open Cup four times , the Supporters ' Shield in 2014 , and the MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . The team has qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs in each of its eleven seasons , making the final three times , and competed in the CONCACAF Champions League five times , advancing to the semifinal round once ."}]}, {'value': 'Traded for Mike Fucito and Lamar Neagle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Fucito', 'summary': 'Michael Fucito ( born March 29 , 1986 ) is a retired American soccer player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lamar_Neagle', 'summary': 'Lamar Justin Neagle ( born May 7 , 1987 ) is an American professional soccer player who plays for the Tacoma Stars of the Major Arena Soccer League . He has spent most of his career with the Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer over the course of several stints ; Neagle has also played for Montreal Impact and D.C. United in Major League Soccer , as well as Mariehamn in Finland .'}]}, {'value': 'February 17 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ian Westlake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ian_Westlake', 'summary': 'Ian John Westlake ( born 10 November 1983 ) is an English former footballer who played for Ipswich Town .'}]}, {'value': 'Needham Market F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Needham_Market_F.C.', 'summary': 'Needham Market Football Club is a football club based in Needham Market , Suffolk , England . They are currently members of the Southern League Premier Division Central and play at Bloomfields .'}]}, {'value': 'Waived', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 28 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerson Mayen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerson_Mayen', 'summary': 'Gerson Levi Mayen Villavicencio ( born February 9 , 1989 ) is a Salvadoran professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for El Salvador national team .'}]}, {'value': 'C.D . FAS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.D._FAS', 'summary': "Club Deportivo Futbolistas Asociados Santanecos , commonly known as FAS ( pronounced fas ) , is a professional Salvadoran football club based in Santa Ana . It competes in Primera División de Fútbol Profesional , the top professional league in the country . The team 's nickname is Los Tigres ( The Tigers ) . FAS was founded on 16 February 1947 . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Óscar Quiteño , the third largest stadium in El Salvador . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Águila and Alianza F.C. , and are the only three clubs to never have been relegated to the Second Division . Matches between them are known as Clásicos . FAS also plays a local derby against Isidro Metapán . FAS is the most successful club in El Salvador football . Domestically , the club has won a record seventeen national league titles . In international competitions , FAS have one FIFA recognized club trophies , tied with Alianza and Águila as the only club to achieve it . They have won one CONCACAF Champions ' Cup/Champions League trophies , and finished runners up in the 1979 Copa Interamericana cup , and third place in the 1980 Copa Interclubes UNCAF ."}]}, {'value': 'Waived', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 1 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Fucito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Fucito', 'summary': 'Michael Fucito ( born March 29 , 1986 ) is a retired American soccer player .'}]}, {'value': 'Portland Timbers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland_Timbers', 'summary': "The Portland Timbers is an American professional soccer club based in Portland , Oregon . The Timbers compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member club of the league 's Western Conference . The Timbers have played their home games at Providence Park since 2011 , when the team began play as an expansion team in the league . The club was founded in 2009 , when the city of Portland was awarded an expansion berth to Major League Soccer . The team is owned by Peregrine Sports under the majority ownership of Merritt Paulson , whose companies had acquired the then-USL Pro team in 2007 and later established the Portland Thorns women 's team in 2012 . The club is a phoenix club , and the fourth soccer franchise based in Portland to carry the legacy of the Timbers name , which originated with the original team , in the North American Soccer League in 1975 . In 2013 , the Timbers finished the regular season in first place in the Western Conference , clinching both their first-ever playoff appearance and a CONCACAF Champions League berth . In 2015 , the franchise won the Western Conference Finals in the playoffs , and their first major trophy , the MLS Cup , becoming the first team in Cascadia to do so . In 2017 , the club again finished the regular season in first place in the Western Conference . In 2018 , the Timbers again made the playoffs , advancing in three rounds , defeating archrival Seattle in the semifinals along the way , and made the MLS Cup where they lost 2-0 to Atlanta United FC ."}]}, {'value': "Traded for either the Timbers ' highest second round pick in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft or a 2013 international roster slot conditional on Fucito 's performance", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_MLS_SuperDraft', 'summary': 'The 2013 MLS SuperDraft was the fourteenth SuperDraft presented by Major League Soccer . The draft took place on January 17 , 2013 in Indianapolis , Indiana at the Indiana Convention Center . The Colorado Rapids enjoyed returns from the 2013 draft , with its two first-round draft picks Dillon Powers and Deshorn Brown finishing first and second respectively in 2013 rookie of the year voting . The 2013 season also showed the ability of MLS teams to develop young talent without turning to the draft , as homegrown players DeAndre Yedlin and Gyasi Zardes finished third and fourth respectively in rookie of the year voting .'}]}, {'value': 'April 20 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gienir García', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gienir_García', 'summary': 'Gienir Eduardo García Figueroa ( born 8 October 1989 ) in Zacatepec , Morelos , is a Mexican footballer .'}]}, {'value': 'Cruz Azul Hidalgo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cruz_Azul_Hidalgo', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Cruz Azul Hidalgo , also known as Cruz Azul Hidalgo , is a professional football club in Mexico who last played in the Liga Premier league of Mexico . Their stadium was the Estadio 10 de Diciembre located in Ciudad Cooperativa Cruz Azul ( previously name the town of Jasso ) in Hidalgo and was the affiliate team of Cruz Azul . The team dissolved in 2014 after Zacatepec 1948 bought their spot to remain in Ascenso MX . But has a team in the Liga Premier de Ascenso , replace Cruz Azul Jasso .'}]}, {'value': 'Waived', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 25 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bobby Burling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobby_Burling', 'summary': 'Robert Charles Burling ( born October 15 , 1984 ) is an American soccer player who plays as a defender .'}]}, {'value': 'C.D . Chivas USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.D._Chivas_USA', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Chivas USA was an American professional soccer team based in Carson , California , a suburb of Los Angeles . The club played from 2005 to 2014 in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) and was a subsidiary of Mexican club C.D . Guadalajara , sharing common ownership and branding . The club was the eleventh MLS team upon its entry into the league in 2004 . Chivas USA was intended to be seen as a little brother to its parent club C.D . Guadalajara , one of the most widely supported and successful teams in Mexico . Chiva is Latin American Spanish for goat , seen as a tough and resilient animal in Mexico , and is the nickname of C.D . Guadalajara . Chivas USA played its home games at the StubHub Center in Carson , which it shared with its rival , the LA Galaxy . The club was originally owned by Antonio Cue and Jorge Vergara , who also owns C.D . Guadalajara . In 2014 , MLS purchased the club from Vergara with plans to sell to new owners .'}]}, {'value': 'Traded for an International Roster Spot in 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 6 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Justin Braun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justin_Braun_(soccer)', 'summary': 'Justin Braun ( born March 31 , 1987 ) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Real Salt Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Salt_Lake', 'summary': "Real Salt Lake ( /riːˈæl/ ) , also known as RSL , is an American professional soccer franchise that competes as a member club of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) Western Conference . RSL began play in 2005 as an expansion team of the league . The club was founded in 2004 when the club 's first owner and founder was awarded an expansion berth in Major League Soccer . The club plays its home games at Rio Tinto Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in the Salt Lake City suburb of Sandy , Utah , which they share with their sister team , Utah Royals FC . Before moving to Rio Tinto , RSL played home games at Rice-Eccles Stadium , located on the campus of the University of Utah , from 2005-2007 . The team is currently led by interim head coach Freddy Juarez . In domestic soccer , Real Salt Lake won the 2009 MLS Cup , the Supporters Shield in 2010 , and the 2013 edition of the U.S. Open Cup . They were runners-up in the 2013 MLS Cup . The franchise regional success to date was in the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League , where RSL finished runners-up in the tournament becoming the first American club , since the CONCACAF Champions League format was introduced in 2008 , to advance to the final stage of the tournament . Their fully owned USL affiliate , Real Monarchs , won the 2019 USL Championship , the second division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': 'Traded for a conditional draft pick', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 11 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tyson Wahl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tyson_Wahl', 'summary': 'Tyson Wahl ( born February 23 , 1984 ) is an American retired soccer player .'}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Rapids', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Rapids', 'summary': "The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City , Colorado . The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS . Colorado won the MLS Cup in 2010 , their second MLS Cup appearance . The first appearance was in 1997 , losing to D.C. United . They were also runners up of the U.S. Open Cup in the 1999 tournament , where they lost to the Rochester Raging Rhinos , the last time a non-MLS team has won the Cup . The Rapids play their home games at Dick 's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City , moving to the stadium after it opened during the 2007 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Traded for an International Roster Spot in 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 13 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donovan Ricketts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donovan_Ricketts', 'summary': 'Donovan Ricketts ( born 7 June 1977 ) is a Jamaican footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for Tulsa Roughnecks in the United Soccer League . Ricketts played more than 100 games for Bradford City in England , and has more than 100 appearances in Major League Soccer and has twice been named MLS Goalkeeper of the Year . He was also the captain of the Jamaica national football team , earning 100 caps for his country , until his retirement from international football in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Portland Timbers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland_Timbers', 'summary': "The Portland Timbers is an American professional soccer club based in Portland , Oregon . The Timbers compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member club of the league 's Western Conference . The Timbers have played their home games at Providence Park since 2011 , when the team began play as an expansion team in the league . The club was founded in 2009 , when the city of Portland was awarded an expansion berth to Major League Soccer . The team is owned by Peregrine Sports under the majority ownership of Merritt Paulson , whose companies had acquired the then-USL Pro team in 2007 and later established the Portland Thorns women 's team in 2012 . The club is a phoenix club , and the fourth soccer franchise based in Portland to carry the legacy of the Timbers name , which originated with the original team , in the North American Soccer League in 1975 . In 2013 , the Timbers finished the regular season in first place in the Western Conference , clinching both their first-ever playoff appearance and a CONCACAF Champions League berth . In 2015 , the franchise won the Western Conference Finals in the playoffs , and their first major trophy , the MLS Cup , becoming the first team in Cascadia to do so . In 2017 , the club again finished the regular season in first place in the Western Conference . In 2018 , the Timbers again made the playoffs , advancing in three rounds , defeating archrival Seattle in the semifinals along the way , and made the MLS Cup where they lost 2-0 to Atlanta United FC ."}]}, {'value': 'Traded for Troy Perkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Troy_Perkins', 'summary': 'Troy Perkins ( born July 29 , 1981 ) is a retired American soccer player . During his career , he played for clubs in the United States , Canada , and Norway . The 2006 Major League Soccer Goalkeeper of the Year award winner earned seven caps with the United States national team .'}]}, {'value': 'August 7 , 2012', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Player information -- Player transactions', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2012_Montreal_Impact_season_1', 'intro': "The 2012 Montreal Impact season was the club's inaugural season in Major League Soccer, the top flight of both American and Canadian soccer. Including the former club, this was the 19th season of a team under the moniker Montreal Impact. For the 2012 season, outside of MLS, the Impact competed in the 2012 Canadian Championship, Canada's domestic cup competition, which determined the Canadian entrant in the CONCACAF Champions League, in which they lost the semi-final. Jesse Marsch was hired to be the head coach in the club's inaugural season in MLS. Mauro Biello, Preston Burpo and Mike Sorber were hired as assistant coaches for the inaugural season."} | null | null | What player transferred to a club that plays home matches at BBVA Stadium ? | Brian Ching |
0b97fe5d57cb6d76 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_recipients_of_the_Victoria_Cross', 'title': 'List of medical recipients of the Victoria Cross', 'header': ['Name', 'Regiment/Corps', 'Date', 'Conflict', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': 'Harold Ackroyd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harold_Ackroyd', 'summary': 'Harold Ackroyd , VC , MC ( 18 July 1877 - 11 August 1917 ) was a British physician , scientific researcher , army officer and a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . An officer with the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War , he was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions in late July-early August 1917 , during the Battle of Passchendaele .'}]}, {'value': 'Royal Berkshire Regiment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Berkshire_Regiment', 'summary': "The Royal Berkshire Regiment ( Princess Charlotte of Wales 's ) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1959 . The regiment was created in 1881 , as the Princess Charlotte of Wales 's ( Royal Berkshire Regiment ) , by the amalgamation of the 49th ( Princess Charlotte of Wales 's ) ( Hertfordshire ) Regiment of Foot and the 66th ( Berkshire ) Regiment of Foot . In 1921 , it was renamed the Royal Berkshire Regiment ( Princess Charlotte of Wales 's ) . The regiment saw active service in the Second Boer War , World War I and World War II . On 9 June 1959 , the Royal Berkshire Regiment ( Princess Charlotte of Wales 's ) was amalgamated with the Wiltshire Regiment ( Duke of Edinburgh 's ) to form the Duke of Edinburgh 's Royal Regiment ( Berkshire and Wiltshire ) which was again amalgamated , on 27 July 1994 , with the Gloucestershire Regiment to create the Royal Gloucestershire , Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment . Like its predecessor regiment , however , this was on 1 February 2007 , merged with the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment , the Royal Green Jackets and The Light Infantry to form a new large regiment , The Rifles ."}]}, {'value': '31 July-1 August 1917', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First World War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_World_War', 'summary': "World War I ( often abbreviated as WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars , it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , making it one of the largest wars in history . It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history , with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war , while resulting genocides and the resulting 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide . On 28 June 1914 , Gavrilo Princip , a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist , assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo , leading to the July Crisis . In response , on 23 July , Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia . Serbia 's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians , and the two moved to a war footing . A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe . By July 1914 , the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions : the Triple Entente - consisting of France , Russia , and Britain - and the Triple Alliance of Germany , Austria-Hungary , and Italy ( the Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature , allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915 , when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated ) . Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia and , after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28 July , approved partial mobilisation . Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July ; on the 31st , Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same , while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours . When Russia failed to comply , Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary , with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6 August ; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August . German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to rapidly concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within six weeks , then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise ; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan ."}]}, {'value': 'Passchendaele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele', 'summary': 'The Third Battle of Ypres ( German : Dritte Flandernschlacht ; French : Troisième Bataille des Flandres and Dutch : Derde Slag om Vlaanderen ) , also known as the Battle of Passchendaele ( /ˈpæʃəndeɪl/ ) , was a campaign of the First World War , fought by the Allies against the German Empire . [ a ] The battle took place on the Western Front , from July to November 1917 , for control of the ridges south and east of the Belgian city of Ypres in West Flanders , as part of a strategy decided by the Allies at conferences in November 1916 and May 1917 . Passchendaele lies on the last ridge east of Ypres , 5 mi ( 8.0 km ) from Roulers ( now Roeselare ) junction of the Bruges ( Brugge ) to Kortrijk railway . The station at Roulers was on the main supply route of the German 4th Army . Once Passchendaele Ridge had been captured , the Allied advance was to continue to a line from Thourout ( now Torhout ) to Couckelaere ( Koekelare ) . Further operations and a British supporting attack along the Belgian coast from Nieuport ( Nieuwpoort ) , combined with an amphibious landing ( Operation Hush ) , were to have reached Bruges and then the Dutch frontier . The resistance of the 4th Army , unusually wet weather in August , the beginning of the autumn rains in October and the diversion of British and French resources to Italy , enabled the Germans to avoid the general withdrawal which had seemed inevitable in early October . The campaign ended in November , when the Canadian Corps captured Passchendaele , apart from local attacks in December and early in the new year . The Battle of the Lys ( Fourth Battle of Ypres ) and the Fifth Battle of Ypres of 1918 , were fought before the Allies occupied the Belgian coast and reached the Dutch frontier . A campaign in Flanders was controversial in 1917 and has remained so . The British Prime Minister , David Lloyd George , opposed the offensive , as did General Ferdinand Foch , the Chief of Staff of the French Army . Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig , commander of the British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) , did not receive approval for the Flanders operation from the War Cabinet until 25 July .'}]}, {'value': 'William Allen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Barnsley_Allen', 'summary': 'William Barnsley Allen VC , DSO , MC & Bar ( 8 June 1892 - 27 August 1933 ) was a British Army medical officer who was decorated for gallantry four times during the First World War , including an award of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': 'Royal Artillery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Artillery', 'summary': "The Royal Regiment of Artillery , commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery ( RA ) and colloquially known as The Gunners , is the artillery arm of the British Army . The Royal Regiment of Artillery comprises thirteen Regular Army regiments , King 's Troop Royal Horse Artillery and five Army Reserve regiments ."}]}, {'value': '3 September 1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First World War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_World_War', 'summary': "World War I ( often abbreviated as WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars , it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , making it one of the largest wars in history . It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history , with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war , while resulting genocides and the resulting 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide . On 28 June 1914 , Gavrilo Princip , a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist , assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo , leading to the July Crisis . In response , on 23 July , Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia . Serbia 's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians , and the two moved to a war footing . A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe . By July 1914 , the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions : the Triple Entente - consisting of France , Russia , and Britain - and the Triple Alliance of Germany , Austria-Hungary , and Italy ( the Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature , allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915 , when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated ) . Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia and , after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28 July , approved partial mobilisation . Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July ; on the 31st , Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same , while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours . When Russia failed to comply , Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary , with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6 August ; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August . German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to rapidly concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within six weeks , then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise ; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan ."}]}, {'value': 'Near Mesnil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mesnil-en-Arrouaise', 'summary': 'Mesnil-en-Arrouaise is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France .'}]}, {'value': 'Henry Andrews', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_John_Andrews', 'summary': 'Henry John Andrews VC , MBE ( 23 March 1871 - 22 October 1919 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': 'Indian Medical Services', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_Medical_Services', 'summary': 'The Indian Army Medical Corps is a specialist corps in the Indian Army which primarily provides medical services to all Army personnel , serving and veterans , along with their families .'}]}, {'value': '22 October 1919', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waziristan campaign', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1919–1920)', 'summary': 'The Waziristan campaign 1919-1920 was a military campaign conducted in Waziristan by British and Indian forces against the fiercely independent tribesmen that inhabited this region . These operations were conducted in 1919-20 , following the unrest that arose in the aftermath of the Third Anglo-Afghan War .'}]}, {'value': 'Khajuri Post', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khajuri_Post', 'summary': "Waziristan ( Pashto and Urdu : وزیرستان , land of the Wazir ) is a mountainous region covering the former FATA agencies of North Waziristan and South Waziristan which are now districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . Waziristan covers some 11,585 square kilometres ( 4,500 sq mi ) . The area is populated by ethnic Pashtuns . It is named after the Wazir tribe . The language spoken in the valley is Pashto , predominantly the Waziristani dialect . The region forms the southern part of Pakistan 's Federally Administered Tribal Areas , which is now part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province . The 16th-century Pashtun revolutionary leader and warrior-poet Bayazid Pir Roshan , who wrote the oldest known book in Pashto , was based in Kaniguram , Waziristan ."}]}, {'value': 'William Babtie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Babtie', 'summary': 'Lieutenant General Sir William Babtie , VC , KCB , KCMG ( 7 May 1859 - 11 September 1920 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth armed forces . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Army Medical Services Museum in Aldershot . Babtie graduated from the University of Glasgow with an M.B . and also received the LRCP and LRCS from the University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1880 .'}]}, {'value': 'Royal Army Medical Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Corps', 'summary': "The Royal Army Medical Corps ( RAMC ) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families , in war and in peace . The RAMC , the Royal Army Veterinary Corps , the Royal Army Dental Corps and Queen Alexandra 's Royal Army Nursing Corps form the Army Medical Services ."}]}, {'value': '10 December 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second Boer War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Boer_War', 'summary': "The Second Boer War ( 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902 ) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states , the South African Republic ( Republic of Transvaal ) and the Orange Free State , over the Empire 's influence in South Africa . It is also known variously as the Boer War , Anglo-Boer War , or South African War . Initial Boer attacks were successful , and although British reinforcements later reversed these , the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare , until harsh British counter-measures brought the Boers to terms . The war started with the British overconfident and under-prepared . The Boers were well armed and struck first , besieging Ladysmith , Kimberley , and Mafeking in early 1900 , and winning important battles at Colenso , Magersfontein and Stormberg . Staggered , the British brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back . General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener . They relieved the three besieged cities , and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900 . The onward marches of the British Army , well over 400,000 men , were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defence of their homeland . The British army seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal , as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile . In conventional terms , the war was over . The British officially annexed the two countries in 1900 ."}]}, {'value': 'Colenso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Colenso', 'summary': 'The battle of Colenso was the third and final battle fought during the Black Week of the Second Boer War . It was fought between British and Boer forces from the independent South African Republic and Orange Free State in and around Colenso , Natal , South Africa on 15 December 1899 . Inadequate preparation and reconnaissance and uninspired leadership led to a British defeat .'}]}, {'value': 'William Bradshaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Bradshaw_(VC)', 'summary': 'William Bradshaw VC ( 12 February 1830 - 9 March 1861 ) , born in Thurles , County Tipperary , was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for valour in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': '90th Foot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/90th_Foot', 'summary': 'The 90th Perthshire Light Infantry was a Scottish light infantry regiment of the British Army , raised in 1794 . Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 26th ( Cameronian ) Regiment of Foot to form the Cameronians ( Scottish Rifles ) in 1881 .'}]}, {'value': '26 September 1857', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian Mutiny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_Mutiny', 'summary': "The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major , but ultimately unsuccessful , uprising in India in 1857-58 against the rule of the British East India Company , which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown . The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company 's army in the garrison town of Meerut , 40 mi ( 64 km ) northeast of Delhi ( now Old Delhi ) . It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India , [ a ] [ b ] though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east . [ c ] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region , [ d ] and was contained only with the rebels ' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858 . On 1 November 1858 , the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder , though they did not declare the hostilities to have formally ended until 8 July 1859 . Its name is contested , variously described as the Sepoy Mutiny , the Indian Mutiny , the Great Rebellion , the Revolt of 1857 , the Indian Insurrection , and the First War of Independence . [ e ] The Indian rebellion was fed by resentments born of diverse perceptions , including invasive British-style social reforms , harsh land taxes , summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes , as well as scepticism about the improvements brought about by British rule . [ f ] Many Indians rose against the British ; however , many also fought for the British , and the majority remained seemingly compliant to British rule . [ g ] Violence , which sometimes betrayed exceptional cruelty , was inflicted on both sides , on British officers , and civilians , including women and children , by the rebels , and on the rebels , and their supporters , including sometimes entire villages , by British reprisals ; the cities of Delhi and Lucknow were laid waste in the fighting and the British retaliation . [ h ] After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut , the rebels quickly reached Delhi , whose 81-year-old Mughal ruler , Bahadur Shah Zafar , was declared the Emperor of Hindustan . Soon , the rebels had captured large tracts of the North-Western Provinces and Awadh ( Oudh ) . The East India Company 's response came rapidly as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Lucknow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siege_of_Lucknow', 'summary': 'The Siege of Lucknow ( Hindi : लखनऊ की घेराबंदी ) was the prolonged defence of the Residency within the city of Lucknow during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . After two successive relief attempts had reached the city , the defenders and civilians were evacuated from the Residency , which was then abandoned .'}]}, {'value': 'Noel Chavasse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noel_Godfrey_Chavasse', 'summary': "Captain Noel Godfrey Chavasse , VC & Bar , MC ( 9 November 1884 - 4 August 1917 ) was a British medical doctor , Olympic athlete , and British Army officer from the Chavasse family . He is one of only three people to be awarded a Victoria Cross twice . The Battle of Guillemont was to see acts of heroism by Captain Chavasse , the only man to be awarded the Victoria Cross twice during the First World War . In 1916 , Chavasse was hit by shell splinters while rescuing men in no-man 's land . It is said he got as close as 25 yards to the German line , where he found three men and continued throughout the night under a constant rain of sniper bullets and bombing . He performed similar heroics in the early stages of the offensive at Passchendaele in August 1917 to gain a second VC and become the most highly decorated British officer of the First World War . Although operated upon , he was to die of his wounds two days later in 1917 ."}]}, {'value': "King 's Regiment ( Liverpool )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/King's_Regiment_(Liverpool)", 'summary': "The King 's Regiment ( Liverpool ) was one of the oldest line infantry regiments of the British Army , having been formed in 1685 and numbered as the 8th ( The King 's ) Regiment of Foot in 1751 . Unlike most British Army infantry regiments , which were associated with a county , the King 's represented the city of Liverpool , one of only four regiments affiliated to a city in the British Army . After 273 years of continuous existence , the regiment was amalgamated with the Manchester Regiment in 1958 to form the King 's Regiment ( Liverpool and Manchester ) , which was later amalgamated with the King 's Own Royal Border Regiment and the Queen 's Lancashire Regiment to form the present Duke of Lancaster 's Regiment ( King 's , Lancashire and Border ) . The King 's notably saw active service in the Second Boer War , the two world wars , and the Korean War . In the First World War , the regiment contributed dozens of battalions to the Western Front , Salonika , and the North West Frontier . More than 13,000 men were killed . In the Second World War , the 5th and 8th ( Irish ) battalions landed during Operation Overlord , the 1st and 13th fought as Chindits in the Burma Campaign , and the 2nd Battalion served in Italy and Greece . The King 's later fought in the Korean War , earning the regiment 's last battle honour . Nine Victoria Crosses were awarded to men of the regiment , the first in 1900 and the last in 1918 . An additional two were awarded to Royal Army Medical Corps officer Noel Godfrey Chavasse , who was attached to the 10th ( Scottish ) Battalion during the Great War . In peacetime , the regiment 's battalions were based in the United Kingdom and colonies in the British Empire . Duties varied : riots were suppressed in Belfast , England , and the Middle East ; bases were garrisoned in places such as the North-West Frontier Province and West Germany ; and reviews and parades conducted throughout the regiment 's history ."}]}, {'value': '9 August 1916 31 July-2 August 1917', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First World War First World War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_World_War', 'summary': "World War I ( often abbreviated as WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars , it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , making it one of the largest wars in history . It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history , with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war , while resulting genocides and the resulting 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide . On 28 June 1914 , Gavrilo Princip , a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist , assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo , leading to the July Crisis . In response , on 23 July , Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia . Serbia 's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians , and the two moved to a war footing . A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe . By July 1914 , the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions : the Triple Entente - consisting of France , Russia , and Britain - and the Triple Alliance of Germany , Austria-Hungary , and Italy ( the Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature , allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915 , when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated ) . Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia and , after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28 July , approved partial mobilisation . Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July ; on the 31st , Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same , while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours . When Russia failed to comply , Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary , with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6 August ; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August . German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to rapidly concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within six weeks , then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise ; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan ."}]}, {'value': 'Guillemont Wieltje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Guillemont', 'summary': 'The Battle of Guillemont ( 3-6 September 1916 ) was an attack by the British Fourth Army on the village of Guillemont . The village is on the D 20 running east to Combles and the D 64 south-west to Montauban . Longueval and Delville Wood lie to the north-west and Ginchy to the north-east . The village was on the right flank of the British sector , near the boundary with the French Sixth Army . The Fourth Army had advanced close to Guillemont during the Battle of Bazentin Ridge ( 14-17 July ) and the capture of the village was the culmination of British attacks which began on the night of 22/23 July . The attacks were intended to advance the right flank of the Fourth Army and eliminate a salient further north at Delville Wood . German defences ringed the wood and had observation over the French Sixth Army area to the south , towards the Somme river . Preparatory to a general attack intended for mid-September , from the Somme north to Courcelette ( beyond the Albert-Bapaume road ) , the French Sixth Army , the Fourth Army and the Reserve Army conducted numerous attacks to capture the rest of the German second line and to gain observation over the German third line . The German defences around Guillemont were based on the remaining parts of the second line and fortified villages and farms northwards from Hem , Maurepas and Combles , to Falfemont Farm , Guillemont , Ginchy , Delville Wood and High Wood , which commanded the ground in between . [ a ] Numerous attempts were made by Joseph Joffre , Sir Douglas Haig , Ferdinand Foch and the army commanders Henry Rawlinson and Émile Fayolle to co-ordinate joint attacks , which failed due to the recovery of the German 2nd Army from the disorganisation caused by the defeats in early July , disagreements over tactics by Haig and Joffre in July and August and organisational constraints caused by congestion behind the front , roads and tracks obliterated by Anglo-French artillery-fire becoming swamps when it rained and increasing German artillery-fire on targets behind the front line . Inexperience , unreliable machinery , guns , ammunition and an unpredictable flow of supplies from Britain , reduced the effectiveness of the British armies . Difficulty in co-ordinating attacks by the Entente armies and the large number of piecemeal attacks resorted to by the British , have been criticised as costly failures and evidence of muddle and incompetence by the generals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wieltje', 'summary': "Ypres ( /ˈiːprə/ EE-prə ; French : [ ipʁ ] ; Dutch : Ieper [ ˈipər ] ) is a Belgian municipality in the province of West Flanders . Though the Dutch Ieper is the official name , the city 's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English . The municipality comprises the city of Ypres and the villages of Boezinge , Brielen , Dikkebus , Elverdinge , Hollebeke , Sint-Jan , Vlamertinge , Voormezele , Zillebeke , and Zuidschote . Together , they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants . During the First World War , Ypres ( or Wipers as it was commonly known by the British troops ) was the centre of the Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Crean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Crean', 'summary': 'Major Dr. Thomas Joseph Crean , VC DSO ( 19 April 1873 , in Dublin , Ireland - 25 March 1923 , in Mayfair , London , England , ) was an Irish rugby union player , British Army soldier and doctor . During the Second Boer War , while serving with the Imperial Light Horse , he was awarded the Victoria Cross . In 1902 , he was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons . During the First World War he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order . Crean played rugby for Leinster , Ireland and the British Isles . In 1894 , he was a member of the first Ireland team to win both a Home Nations Championship and a Triple Crown . Then in 1896 he helped Ireland win their second Home Nations title . He is one of three Ireland rugby union internationals to have been awarded the Victoria Cross . The other two are Robert Johnston , who also served with the Imperial Light Horse in the Second Boer War , and Frederick Harvey who served in the First World War . Crean , Johnston and Harvey all played club rugby for Wanderers . In 1896 Crean and Johnston were also members of the same British Isles squad that toured South Africa .'}]}, {'value': '1st Imperial Light Horse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1st_Imperial_Light_Horse', 'summary': 'The Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment ( JLHR ) , formerly the Light Horse Regiment ( LHR ) and Imperial Light Horse ( ILH ) , is an armoured car reconnaissance unit of the South African Army . As a reserve unit , it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit . It is part of the South African Army Armour Formation and is based at Mount Collins in Sandton , Johannesburg .'}]}, {'value': '18 December 1901', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second Boer War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Boer_War', 'summary': "The Second Boer War ( 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902 ) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states , the South African Republic ( Republic of Transvaal ) and the Orange Free State , over the Empire 's influence in South Africa . It is also known variously as the Boer War , Anglo-Boer War , or South African War . Initial Boer attacks were successful , and although British reinforcements later reversed these , the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare , until harsh British counter-measures brought the Boers to terms . The war started with the British overconfident and under-prepared . The Boers were well armed and struck first , besieging Ladysmith , Kimberley , and Mafeking in early 1900 , and winning important battles at Colenso , Magersfontein and Stormberg . Staggered , the British brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back . General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener . They relieved the three besieged cities , and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900 . The onward marches of the British Army , well over 400,000 men , were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defence of their homeland . The British army seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal , as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile . In conventional terms , the war was over . The British officially annexed the two countries in 1900 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tygerkloof', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Crimmin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Crimmin', 'summary': 'Colonel John Crimmin VC CB CIE VD ( 19 March 1859 - 20 February 1945 ) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He also served as the Hon . Physician to H.M . The King .'}]}, {'value': 'Bombay Medical Services', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bombay_Medical_Services', 'summary': 'The Bombay Army was the army of the Bombay Presidency , one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire . The presidency armies , like the presidencies themselves , belonged to the Honourable East India Company until the Government of India Act 1858 ( passed in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 ) transferred all three presidencies to the direct authority of the British Crown . In 1895 all three presidency armies were merged into the Indian Army .'}]}, {'value': '1 January 1889', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karen-Ni Expedition', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Near Lwekaw', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Campbell Douglas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campbell_Mellis_Douglas', 'summary': "Campbell Mellis Douglas VC ( 5 August 1840 in Quebec City - 31 December 1909 ) , was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . The awarding of the VC to Douglas was one of the few ( only six in number ) instances of the VC being awarded for actions taken not in the face of the enemy . ( Another instance with a Canadian connection was the awarding of the VC to Timothy O'Hea ( an Irishman serving in the British army ) for actions taken at Danville , Quebec in 1866 relating to Canada 's defence against Fenian raids . ) Douglas joined the British Army in 1862 ."}]}, {'value': '24th Foot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/24th_Foot', 'summary': 'The South Wales Borderers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence for 280 years . It first came into existence , as the 24th Regiment of Foot in 1689 . Based at Brecon , the regiment recruited from the border counties of Monmouthshire , Herefordshire and Brecknockshire , but was not called the South Wales Borderers until the Childers Reforms of 1881 . The regiment served in a great many conflicts , including the American Revolutionary War , various conflicts in India , the Zulu War , Second Boer War , and World War I and World War II . In 1969 the regiment was amalgamated with the Welch Regiment to form the Royal Regiment of Wales .'}]}, {'value': '7 May 1867', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andaman Expedition', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andaman_Islands_Expedition', 'summary': 'The Andaman Islands expedition was a British expedition to the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal , India . For actions during the expedition , five soldiers of the 24th Regiment of Foot were awarded Victoria Crosses . David Bell , James Cooper , Campbell Mellis Douglas , Thomas Murphy and William Griffiths risked their lives in manning a boat and proceeding through dangerous surf to rescue some of their comrades who had been sent to the island in order to locate the commander and seven of the crew from the ship Assam Valley . They were feared murdered by the cannibalistic islanders ; the Onge adivasi tribesmen .'}]}, {'value': 'Little Andaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Little_Andaman', 'summary': 'Little Andaman Island ( Onge : Gaubolambe ) is the fourth largest of the Andaman Islands of India with an area of 707 km² , lying at the southern end of the archipelago . It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district , part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands . the island is lying 88 km ( 55 mi ) south of Port Blair , the capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the nearest airport from where regular flights to Kolkata and Chennai are available .'}]}, {'value': 'Henry Douglas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning_Douglas', 'summary': 'Major-General Henry Edward Manning Douglas VC CB CMG DSO ( 11 July 1875 - 14 February 1939 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': 'Royal Army Medical Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Corps', 'summary': "The Royal Army Medical Corps ( RAMC ) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families , in war and in peace . The RAMC , the Royal Army Veterinary Corps , the Royal Army Dental Corps and Queen Alexandra 's Royal Army Nursing Corps form the Army Medical Services ."}]}, {'value': '11 December 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second Boer War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Boer_War', 'summary': "The Second Boer War ( 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902 ) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states , the South African Republic ( Republic of Transvaal ) and the Orange Free State , over the Empire 's influence in South Africa . It is also known variously as the Boer War , Anglo-Boer War , or South African War . Initial Boer attacks were successful , and although British reinforcements later reversed these , the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare , until harsh British counter-measures brought the Boers to terms . The war started with the British overconfident and under-prepared . The Boers were well armed and struck first , besieging Ladysmith , Kimberley , and Mafeking in early 1900 , and winning important battles at Colenso , Magersfontein and Stormberg . Staggered , the British brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back . General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener . They relieved the three besieged cities , and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900 . The onward marches of the British Army , well over 400,000 men , were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defence of their homeland . The British army seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal , as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile . In conventional terms , the war was over . The British officially annexed the two countries in 1900 ."}]}, {'value': 'Magersfontein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Magersfontein', 'summary': 'The Battle of Magersfontein [ Note 1 ] ( /ˈmɑːxərsfɒnteɪn/ MAH-khərss-fon-tayn ) was fought on 11 December 1899 , at Magersfontein near Kimberley , South Africa , on the borders of the Cape Colony and the independent republic of the Orange Free State . British forces under Lieutenant General Lord Methuen were advancing north along the railway line from the Cape in order to relieve the Siege of Kimberley , but their path was blocked at Magersfontein by a Boer force that was entrenched in the surrounding hills . The British had already fought a series of battles with the Boers , most recently at Modder River , where the advance was temporarily halted . Lord Methuen failed to perform adequate reconnaissance in preparation for the impending battle , and was unaware that Boer Vecht-generaal ( Combat General ) De la Rey had entrenched his forces at the foot of the hills rather than the forward slopes as was the accepted practice . This allowed the Boers to survive the initial British artillery bombardment ; when the British troops failed to deploy from a compact formation during their advance , the defenders were able to inflict heavy casualties . The Highland Brigade suffered the worst casualties , while on the Boer side , the Scandinavian Corps was destroyed . The Boers attained a tactical victory and succeeded in holding the British in their advance on Kimberley . The battle was the second of three battles during what became known as the Black Week of the Second Boer War . Following their defeat , the British delayed at the Modder River for another two months while reinforcements were brought forward . General Lord Roberts was appointed Commander in Chief of the British forces in South Africa and moved to take personal command of this front . He subsequently lifted the Siege of Kimberley and forced Cronje to surrender at the Battle of Paardeberg .'}]}, {'value': 'Joseph Farmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_John_Farmer', 'summary': 'Joseph John Farmer VC ( 15 May 1854 - 30 June 1930 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': 'Army Hospital Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Army_Hospital_Corps', 'summary': "The Royal Army Medical Corps ( RAMC ) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families , in war and in peace . The RAMC , the Royal Army Veterinary Corps , the Royal Army Dental Corps and Queen Alexandra 's Royal Army Nursing Corps form the Army Medical Services ."}]}, {'value': '4 July 1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zulu War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zulu_War', 'summary': "The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom . Following Lord Carnarvon 's successful introduction of federation in Canada , it was thought that similar political effort , coupled with military campaigns , might succeed with the African kingdoms , tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa . In 1874 , Sir Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being . Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army . Frere , on his own initiative , without the approval of the British government [ d ] and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu , had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878 , to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply , including disbanding his army and abandoning key cultural traditions . [ e ] Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand after this ultimatum was not met . The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles , including an opening victory of the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana , followed by the defeat of a large Zulu army at Rorke 's Drift by a small force of British troops . The war eventually resulted in a British victory and the end of the Zulu nation 's dominance of the region ."}]}, {'value': 'Ulundi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Ulundi', 'summary': 'The Battle of Ulundi took place at the Zulu capital of Ulundi on 4 July 1879 and was the last major battle of the Anglo-Zulu War . The British army broke the military power of the Zulu nation by defeating the main Zulu army and immediately afterwards capturing and razing the capital of Zululand , the royal kraal of Ulundi .'}]}, {'value': 'John Fox-Russell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Fox-Russell', 'summary': 'Captain John Fox Russell VC MC ( 27 January 1893 - 6 November 1917 ) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He was born in Holyhead , Anglesey , on 27 January 1893 to William Fox Russell and Ethel Maria Fox Russell . At an early age , he passed the examination for a choristership at Magdalen College , Oxford , where he was educated for three years before attending St . Bees School in Cumbria . While at School he was an enthusiastic member of the Officer Training Corps . He was also a member of the 1st Holyhead Scout Troop , Wolf Patrol . He joined the Middlesex Hospital when only sixteen years of age and it was while he was in London that he joined the University of London Officers Training Corps , obtaining a commission in the Royal Welch Fusiliers in 1914 . He was with them in camp when war was declared . Being anxious to qualify , he was seconded in order to complete his medical studies . After obtaining his degrees , he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps , and was attached to a battery of the Royal Field Artillery . He later re-joined his old regiment R.W.F 1st/6th Battalion ( Anglesey and Caernarvonshire ) and went out to Egypt as medical officer . In the First Battle of Gaza he won the Military Cross .'}]}, {'value': 'Royal Welch Fusiliers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Welch_Fusiliers', 'summary': "The Royal Welch Fusiliers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army and part of the Prince of Wales ' Division , founded in 1689 shortly after the Glorious Revolution . In 1702 , it was designated a fusilier regiment and became The Welch Regiment of Fusiliers ; the prefix Royal was added in 1713 , then confirmed in 1714 when George I named it The Prince of Wales 's Own Royal Regiment of Welsh Fusiliers . After the 1751 reforms that standardised the naming and numbering of regiments , it became the 23rd Foot ( Royal Welsh Fuzileers ) . It retained the archaic spelling of Welch , instead of Welsh , and Fuzileers for Fusiliers ; these were engraved on swords carried by regimental officers during the Napoleonic Wars . After the 1881 Childers Reforms , its official title was The Royal Welsh Fusiliers , but Welch continued to be used informally until restored in 1920 by Army Order No.56 . It should not be confused with the Welch Regiment , a different unit that recruited in South and West , rather than North Wales , and became part of the Royal Regiment of Wales or RRW in 1969 . One of the few regiments to retain its original title , in March 2006 the Royal Welch Fusiliers was amalgamated with the RRW and became 1st Battalion , Royal Welsh , with RRW as the 2nd Battalion ."}]}, {'value': '6 November 1917', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First World War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_World_War', 'summary': "World War I ( often abbreviated as WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars , it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , making it one of the largest wars in history . It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history , with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war , while resulting genocides and the resulting 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide . On 28 June 1914 , Gavrilo Princip , a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist , assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo , leading to the July Crisis . In response , on 23 July , Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia . Serbia 's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians , and the two moved to a war footing . A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe . By July 1914 , the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions : the Triple Entente - consisting of France , Russia , and Britain - and the Triple Alliance of Germany , Austria-Hungary , and Italy ( the Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature , allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915 , when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated ) . Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia and , after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28 July , approved partial mobilisation . Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July ; on the 31st , Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same , while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours . When Russia failed to comply , Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary , with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6 August ; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August . German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to rapidly concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within six weeks , then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise ; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan ."}]}, {'value': 'Khuweilfe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Khuweilfe', 'summary': "The Third Battle of Gaza was fought on the night of 1/2 November 1917 between British and Ottoman forces during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I , and came after the Egyptian Expeditionary Force ( EEF ) victory at the Battle of Beersheba had ended the Stalemate in Southern Palestine . The fighting occurred at the beginning of the Southern Palestine Offensive , and together with attacks on Hareira and Sheria on 6-7 November and the continuing Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe which had been launched by General Edmund Allenby on 1 November , it eventually broke the Gaza to Beersheba line defended by the Yildirim Army Group . Despite having held this line since March 1917 , the Ottoman Army was forced to evacuate Gaza and Tel el Khuweilfe during the night of 6/7 November . Only Sheria held out for most of the 7 November before it too was captured . [ Note 1 ] Following British defeats at the First and Second Battles of Gaza in March and April 1917 , Lieutenant General Philip Chetwode commanding the EEF 's Eastern Force and Kress von Kressenstein 's Ottoman Empire force had each adopted a defensive posture and a stalemate had developed in Southern Palestine . Entrenched defences approximately on the lines held at the end of the second battle were strengthened , and both sides undertook regular mounted reconnaissances into the open eastern flank . In late June , Allenby replaced General Archibald Murray as commander of the EEF , which he quickly reorganised . At about the same time , the Ottoman Fourth Army was also restructured . As the stalemate continued in terrible conditions through the summer , reinforcements began to arrive to replace the large number of casualties suffered by the EEF during the previous fighting for Gaza , while several additional divisions also arrived . The Ottoman defenders were also reinforced at this time , and both sides carried out training while manning the front lines and monitoring the open eastern flank . By mid-October , as the Battle of Passchendaele continued on the Western Front , the last of the British reinforcements arrived as Allenby 's preparations to commence a campaign of manoeuvre neared completion . Prior to the Second Battle of Gaza , the town had been developed into a strong modern fortress , with entrenchments , wire entanglements and a glacis on its south and south-eastern edges ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Fitzgibbon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Fitzgibbon', 'summary': 'Andrew Fitzgibbon VC ( 13 May 1845 - 7 March 1883 ) was an Irish soldier , and possibly the youngest recipient of the Victoria Cross .'}]}, {'value': 'Indian Medical Establishment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_Medical_Establishment', 'summary': 'The Indian Army Medical Corps is a specialist corps in the Indian Army which primarily provides medical services to all Army personnel , serving and veterans , along with their families .'}]}, {'value': '21 August 1860', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Third China War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Third_China_War', 'summary': "The Second Opium War ( Chinese : 第二次鴉片戰爭 ; pinyin : Dì'èrcì Yāpiàn Zhànzhēng ) , also known as the Second Anglo-Chinese War , the Second China War , the Arrow War , or the Anglo-French expedition to China , was a war pitting the United Kingdom and the French Empire against the Qing dynasty of China that lasted from 1856 to 1860 . It is the second major war in the Opium Wars , fought over issues relating to the exportation of opium to China , and resulted in a second defeat for the Qing dynasty . The agreements of the Convention of Peking led to the ceding of Kowloon Peninsula as part of Hong Kong ."}]}, {'value': 'Taku Forts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taku_Forts', 'summary': 'The Taku Forts or Dagu Forts , also called the Peiho Forts are forts located by the Hai River ( Peiho River ) estuary in the Binhai New Area , Tianjin , in northeastern China . They are located 60 km ( 37 mi ) southeast of the Tianjin urban center .'}]}, {'value': 'John Green', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Leslie_Green', 'summary': 'John Leslie Green VC ( 4 December 1888 - 1 July 1916 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . An officer in the Royal Army Medical Corps , he served on attachment to The Sherwood Foresters during the First World War . He was posthumously awarded the VC for his actions on 1 July 1916 , during the Battle of the Somme .'}]}, {'value': 'Sherwood Foresters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sherwood_Foresters', 'summary': "The Sherwood Foresters ( Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment ) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence for just under 90 years , from 1881 to 1970 . In 1970 , the regiment was amalgamated with the Worcestershire Regiment to form the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment , which in 2007 was amalgamated with the Cheshire Regiment and the Staffordshire Regiment ( Prince of Wales 's ) to form the present Mercian Regiment . The lineage of the Sherwood Foresters is now continued by The Mercian Regiment ."}]}, {'value': '1 July 1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First World War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_World_War', 'summary': "World War I ( often abbreviated as WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars , it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , making it one of the largest wars in history . It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history , with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war , while resulting genocides and the resulting 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide . On 28 June 1914 , Gavrilo Princip , a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist , assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo , leading to the July Crisis . In response , on 23 July , Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia . Serbia 's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians , and the two moved to a war footing . A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe . By July 1914 , the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions : the Triple Entente - consisting of France , Russia , and Britain - and the Triple Alliance of Germany , Austria-Hungary , and Italy ( the Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature , allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915 , when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated ) . Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia and , after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28 July , approved partial mobilisation . Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July ; on the 31st , Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same , while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours . When Russia failed to comply , Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary , with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6 August ; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August . German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to rapidly concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within six weeks , then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise ; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan ."}]}, {'value': 'Loos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Loos', 'summary': 'The Battle of Loos took place from 25 September - 8 October 1915 in France on the Western Front , during the First World War . It was the biggest British attack of 1915 , the first time that the British used poison gas and the first mass engagement of New Army units . The French and British tried to break through the German defences in Artois and Champagne and restore a war of movement . Despite improved methods , more ammunition and better equipment , the Franco-British attacks were contained by the German armies , except for local losses of ground . British casualties at Loos were about twice as high as German losses .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Hale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Egerton_Hale', 'summary': 'Surgeon Major Thomas Egerton Hale VC CB ( 24 September 1832 - 25 December 1909 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': '7th Foot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers', 'summary': 'The Royal Fusiliers ( City of London Regiment ) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in continuous existence for 283 years . It was known as the 7th Regiment of Foot until the Childers Reforms of 1881 . The regiment served in many wars and conflicts throughout its long existence , including the Second Boer War , the First World War and the Second World War . In 1968 , the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade - the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers , the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Lancashire Fusiliers - to form a new large regiment , the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers . The Royal Fusiliers War Memorial , a monument dedicated to the almost 22,000 Royal Fusiliers who died during the First World War , stands on Holborn in the City of London .'}]}, {'value': '7-8 September 1855', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crimean War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crimean_War', 'summary': "The Crimean War ( French : Guerre de Crimée ; Russian : Кры́мская война́ , romanized : Krymskaya voyna or Russian : Восто́чная война́ , romanized : Vostochnaya voyna , lit . 'Eastern War ' ; Turkish : Kırım Savaşı ; Italian : Guerra di Crimea ) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire , France , Britain and Sardinia . The immediate cause of the war involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land , which was a part of the Ottoman Empire . The French promoted the rights of Roman Catholics , while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Church . The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of Britain and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at the Ottoman Empire 's expense . It has widely been noted that the causes , in one case involving an argument over a key , have never revealed a greater confusion of purpose , yet they led to a war noted for its notoriously incompetent international butchery . While the churches worked out their differences and came to an agreement , Nicholas I of Russia and the French Emperor Napoleon III refused to back down . Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman Empire be placed under his protection . Britain attempted to mediate and arranged a compromise that Nicholas agreed to . When the Ottomans demanded changes to the agreement , Nicholas recanted and prepared for war . Having obtained promises of support from France and Britain , the Ottomans declared war on Russia in October 1853 . The war started in the Balkans in July 1853 , when Russian troops occupied the Danubian Principalities ( now part of Romania ) , which were under Ottoman suzerainty , then began to cross the Danube ."}]}, {'value': 'Sevastopol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1854–1855)', 'summary': "The siege of Sevastopol ( at the time called in English the siege of Sebastopol ) lasted from October 1854 until September 1855 , during the Crimean War . The allies ( French , Ottoman , and British ) landed at Eupatoria on 14 September 1854 , intending to make a triumphal march to Sevastopol , the capital of the Crimea , with 50,000 men . The 56-kilometre ( 35 mi ) traverse took a year of fighting against the Russians . Major battles along the way were Alma ( September 1854 ) , Balaklava ( October 1854 ) , Inkerman ( November 1854 ) , Tchernaya ( August 1855 ) , Redan ( September 1855 ) , and , finally , Malakoff ( September 1855 ) . During the siege , the allied navy undertook six bombardments of the capital , on 17 October 1854 ; and on 9 April , 6 June , 17 June , 17 August , and 5 September 1855 . Sevastopol is one of the classic sieges of all time . The city of Sevastopol was the home of the Tsar 's Black Sea Fleet , which threatened the Mediterranean . The Russian field army withdrew before the allies could encircle it . The siege was the culminating struggle for the strategic Russian port in 1854-55 and was the final episode in the Crimean War . During the Victorian Era , these battles were repeatedly memorialized . The siege of Sevastopol was the subject of Crimean soldier Leo Tolstoy 's Sebastopol Sketches and the subject of the first Russian feature film , Defence of Sevastopol . The Battle of Balaklava was made famous by Alfred , Lord Tennyson 's poem The Charge of the Light Brigade and Robert Gibb 's painting The Thin Red Line ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Harden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Eric_Harden', 'summary': 'Henry Eric Harden VC ( 23 February 1912 - 23 January 1945 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': 'No . 45 ( Royal Marine ) Commando', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/No._45_(Royal_Marine)_Commando', 'summary': "45 Commando Royal Marines ( pronounced four-five commando ) is a battalion sized unit of the British Royal Marines and subordinate unit within 3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines , the principal Commando formation , under the Operational Command of Commander in Chief Fleet . Tasked as a Commando amphibious unit , 45 Cdo RM is capable of a wide range of operational tasks . Based at RM Condor , their barracks in Arbroath , personnel regularly deploy outside the United Kingdom on operations or training . While 3 Cdo Bde RM are the principal cold weather warfare formation , personnel are capable of operating in a variety of theatres including tropical jungle , desert or mountainous terrain . The Commando is a regular participant in the annual Brigade cold weather warfare exercise in Norway , having been the first UK unit to specialise in the mountain and Arctic warfare role during the early 1970s and deployed to Norway on NATO 's northern flank most years until the end of the Cold War . All personnel have completed the Commando course at the Commando Training Centre ( CTCRM ) at Lympstone in Devon , entitling them to wear the green beret , with attached personnel having completed the All Arms Commando Course ."}]}, {'value': '23 January 1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second World War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_World_War', 'summary': "World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ) , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 . The vast majority of the world 's countries - including all the great powers - eventually formed two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . A state of total war emerged , directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries . The major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources . World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities , most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China . It included massacres , the genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , premeditated death from starvation and disease , and the only use of nuclear weapons in war . Japan , which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific , was at war with China by 1937 , [ b ] though neither side had declared war on the other . World War II is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 , with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . From late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa , and the Fall of France in mid 1940 , the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire . War in the Balkans , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz , and the long Battle of the Atlantic followed ."}]}, {'value': 'Brachterbeek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Operation_Blackcock', 'summary': "Operation Blackcock was an operation to clear German troops from the Roer Triangle , formed by the towns of Roermond and Sittard in the Netherlands and Heinsberg in Germany during the fighting on the Western Front in the Second World War . It was conducted by the British Second Army between 14 and 26 January 1945 . The objective was to drive the German 15th Army back across the rivers Roer and Wurm and move the frontline further into Germany . The operation was carried out by Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie 's XII Corps by three divisions : the 7th Armoured Division ( Major-General Lewis Lyne ) , the 43rd ( Wessex ) Infantry Division ( Major-General Gwilym Ivor Thomas ) and the 52nd ( Lowland ) Infantry Division ( Major-General Edmund Hakewill-Smith ) . The operation , named after the Scottish black male grouse , is relatively unknown despite the sometimes fierce battles that were fought for each and every village and hamlet within the Roer Triangle ."}]}, {'value': 'Anthony Home', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Dickson_Home', 'summary': 'Surgeon General Sir Anthony Dickson Home VC KCB ( 30 November 1826 - 10 August 1914 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': '90th Foot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/90th_Foot', 'summary': 'The 90th Perthshire Light Infantry was a Scottish light infantry regiment of the British Army , raised in 1794 . Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 26th ( Cameronian ) Regiment of Foot to form the Cameronians ( Scottish Rifles ) in 1881 .'}]}, {'value': '26 September 1857', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian Mutiny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_Mutiny', 'summary': "The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major , but ultimately unsuccessful , uprising in India in 1857-58 against the rule of the British East India Company , which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown . The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company 's army in the garrison town of Meerut , 40 mi ( 64 km ) northeast of Delhi ( now Old Delhi ) . It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India , [ a ] [ b ] though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east . [ c ] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region , [ d ] and was contained only with the rebels ' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858 . On 1 November 1858 , the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder , though they did not declare the hostilities to have formally ended until 8 July 1859 . Its name is contested , variously described as the Sepoy Mutiny , the Indian Mutiny , the Great Rebellion , the Revolt of 1857 , the Indian Insurrection , and the First War of Independence . [ e ] The Indian rebellion was fed by resentments born of diverse perceptions , including invasive British-style social reforms , harsh land taxes , summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes , as well as scepticism about the improvements brought about by British rule . [ f ] Many Indians rose against the British ; however , many also fought for the British , and the majority remained seemingly compliant to British rule . [ g ] Violence , which sometimes betrayed exceptional cruelty , was inflicted on both sides , on British officers , and civilians , including women and children , by the rebels , and on the rebels , and their supporters , including sometimes entire villages , by British reprisals ; the cities of Delhi and Lucknow were laid waste in the fighting and the British retaliation . [ h ] After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut , the rebels quickly reached Delhi , whose 81-year-old Mughal ruler , Bahadur Shah Zafar , was declared the Emperor of Hindustan . Soon , the rebels had captured large tracts of the North-Western Provinces and Awadh ( Oudh ) . The East India Company 's response came rapidly as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Lucknow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siege_of_Lucknow', 'summary': 'The Siege of Lucknow ( Hindi : लखनऊ की घेराबंदी ) was the prolonged defence of the Residency within the city of Lucknow during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . After two successive relief attempts had reached the city , the defenders and civilians were evacuated from the Residency , which was then abandoned .'}]}, {'value': 'Neville Howse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neville_Reginald_Howse', 'summary': 'Major General Sir Neville Reginald Howse , VC , KCB , KCMG , FRCS ( 26 October 1863 - 19 September 1930 ) was an Australian Army officer , medical doctor , and politician . He was the first Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross ( VC ) , the highest decoration for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces . Howse was born in Somerset , England , and followed his father into the medical profession . He immigrated to Australia in 1889 and eventually settled in Orange , New South Wales . During the Boer War , Howse served with the Australian medical corps . He was awarded the VC for his rescue of a wounded man at Vredefort in July 1900 , while under heavy rifle fire . During the First World War , Howse served in New Guinea , Gallipoli , and on the Western Front . He oversaw the medical services of the Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) and finished the war with the rank of major-general . He was elected to parliament in 1922 , and was subsequently appointed to cabinet by Stanley Bruce . He served as Minister for Defence ( 1925-1927 ) , Health ( 1925-1927 ; 1928-1929 ) , and Home and Territories ( 1928 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'New South Wales Army Medical Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_Army_Medical_Corps', 'summary': 'Until Australia became a Federation in 1901 , each of the six colonial governments was responsible for the defence of their own colony . From 1788 until 1870 this was done with British regular forces . In all , 24 British infantry regiments served in the Australian colonies . Each of the Australian colonies gained responsible government between 1855 and 1890 , and while the Colonial Office in London retained control of some affairs , and the colonies were still firmly within the British Empire , the Governors of the Australian colonies were required to raise their own colonial militia . To do this , the colonial Governors had the authority from the British crown to raise military and naval forces . Initially these were militias in support of British regulars , but British military support for the colonies ended in 1870 , and the colonies assumed their own defence . The separate colonies maintained control over their respective militia forces and navies until 1 March 1901 , when the colonial forces were all amalgamated into the Commonwealth Forces following the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia . Colonial forces , including home raised units , saw action in many of the conflicts of the British Empire during the 19th century . Members from British regiments stationed in Australia saw action in India , Afghanistan , the New Zealand Wars , the Sudan conflict , and the Boer War in South Africa . Despite an undeserved reputation of colonial inferiority , many of the locally raised units were highly organised , disciplined , professional , and well trained . For most of the time from settlement until Federation , military defences in Australia revolved around static defence by combined infantry and artillery , based on garrisoned coastal forts ; however , in the 1890s improved railway communications between all of the eastern mainland colonies ( Queensland , New South Wales , Victoria , and South Australia ) , led Major General Bevan Edwards , who had recently completed a survey of colonial military forces , to state his belief that the colonies could be defended by the rapid mobilisation of standard brigades . He called for a restructure of colonial defences , and defensive agreements to be made between the colonies .'}]}, {'value': '24 July 1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second Boer War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Boer_War', 'summary': "The Second Boer War ( 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902 ) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states , the South African Republic ( Republic of Transvaal ) and the Orange Free State , over the Empire 's influence in South Africa . It is also known variously as the Boer War , Anglo-Boer War , or South African War . Initial Boer attacks were successful , and although British reinforcements later reversed these , the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare , until harsh British counter-measures brought the Boers to terms . The war started with the British overconfident and under-prepared . The Boers were well armed and struck first , besieging Ladysmith , Kimberley , and Mafeking in early 1900 , and winning important battles at Colenso , Magersfontein and Stormberg . Staggered , the British brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back . General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener . They relieved the three besieged cities , and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900 . The onward marches of the British Army , well over 400,000 men , were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defence of their homeland . The British army seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal , as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile . In conventional terms , the war was over . The British officially annexed the two countries in 1900 ."}]}, {'value': 'Vredefort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vredefort', 'summary': "Vredefort is a small farming town in the Free State province of South Africa with cattle , peanuts , sorghum , sunflowers and maize being farmed . It is home to 3,000 residents . The town was established in 1876 on a farm called Visgat , on the Vredefort crater , the largest and oldest visible bolide impact crater in the world ( with a diameter of 300 kilometres ( 190 mi ) ) . It was this approximately 10-kilometre ( 6.2 mi ) wide bolide that led to the preservation of the gold-bearing reefs of the Free State some 2.02 billion years ago . The town got its name after the peaceful conclusion of a threatened war between the Transvaal and the Orange Free State . The British built a concentration camp here during the Second Boer War to house Boer women and children . The Vredefort Dome ( Crater ) is currently the largest and one of the oldest known meteor impact site in the world . It is South Africa 's seventh World Heritage Site and its status is largely due to the efforts of research scientists from Wits University ."}]}, {'value': 'Bellenden Hutcheson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bellenden_Seymour_Hutcheson', 'summary': 'Bellenden Seymour Hutcheson VC , MC ( 16 December 1883 - 9 April 1954 ) was an American-born Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross ( VC ) during the First World War . The VC is the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Hutcheson was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their deeds on one single day , 2 September 1918 , for actions across the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras , France . The other six were Arthur George Knight , William Henry Metcalf , Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney , Cyrus Wesley Peck , Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young .'}]}, {'value': '75th ( Mississauga ) Battalion , CEF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/75th_(Mississauga)_Battalion,_CEF', 'summary': 'The 75th Battalion ( Mississauga ) , CEF was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War . The 75th Battalion was authorized on 10 July 1915 and embarked for Great Britain on 29 March 1916 . It disembarked in France on 12 August 1916 , where it fought as part of the 11th Infantry Brigade , 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war . The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1920 .'}]}, {'value': '2 September 1918', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First World War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_World_War', 'summary': "World War I ( often abbreviated as WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars , it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , making it one of the largest wars in history . It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history , with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war , while resulting genocides and the resulting 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide . On 28 June 1914 , Gavrilo Princip , a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist , assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo , leading to the July Crisis . In response , on 23 July , Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia . Serbia 's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians , and the two moved to a war footing . A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe . By July 1914 , the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions : the Triple Entente - consisting of France , Russia , and Britain - and the Triple Alliance of Germany , Austria-Hungary , and Italy ( the Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature , allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915 , when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated ) . Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia and , after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28 July , approved partial mobilisation . Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July ; on the 31st , Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same , while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours . When Russia failed to comply , Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary , with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6 August ; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August . German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to rapidly concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within six weeks , then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise ; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan ."}]}, {'value': 'Drocourt-Quéant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drocourt-Quéant_Line', 'summary': "The Drocourt-Quéant Line ( Wotan Stellung ) was a set of mutually supporting defensive lines constructed by Germany between the French towns of Drocourt and Quéant during World War I . This defensive system was part of the northernmost section of the Hindenburg Line , a vast German defensive system that ran through northeastern France . It was attacked and captured by Canadian and British troops in the closing months of the war as part of Canada 's Hundred Days of successful offensive campaigning that helped end the war ."}]}, {'value': 'Edgar Inkson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Thomas_Inkson', 'summary': 'Colonel Edgar Thomas Inkson VC DSO ( 5 April 1872 - 19 February 1947 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .'}]}, {'value': 'Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Inniskilling_Fusiliers', 'summary': "The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers was an Irish line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1968 . The regiment was formed in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 27th ( Inniskilling ) Regiment of Foot and the 108th Regiment of Foot . It saw service in the Second Boer War , the First World War and the Second World War . In 1968 it was amalgamated with the other regiments in the North Irish Brigade , the Royal Ulster Rifles , and the Royal Irish Fusiliers ( Princess Victoria 's ) into the Royal Irish Rangers ."}]}, {'value': '24 February 1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second Boer War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Boer_War', 'summary': "The Second Boer War ( 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902 ) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states , the South African Republic ( Republic of Transvaal ) and the Orange Free State , over the Empire 's influence in South Africa . It is also known variously as the Boer War , Anglo-Boer War , or South African War . Initial Boer attacks were successful , and although British reinforcements later reversed these , the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare , until harsh British counter-measures brought the Boers to terms . The war started with the British overconfident and under-prepared . The Boers were well armed and struck first , besieging Ladysmith , Kimberley , and Mafeking in early 1900 , and winning important battles at Colenso , Magersfontein and Stormberg . Staggered , the British brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back . General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener . They relieved the three besieged cities , and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900 . The onward marches of the British Army , well over 400,000 men , were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defence of their homeland . The British army seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal , as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile . In conventional terms , the war was over . The British officially annexed the two countries in 1900 ."}]}, {'value': "Hart 's Hill", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colenso,_KwaZulu-Natal', 'summary': 'Colenso is a town in KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . It is located on the southern bank of the Tugela River . The original settlement was contained within a loop on the river , but it subsequently expanded southwards and eastwards . It lies on the main Durban - Johannesburg railway line some 190 km ( 118 mi ) north-west of Durban .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Medical recipients', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_medical_recipients_of_the_Victoria_Cross_0', 'intro': 'The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration that may be bestowed upon members of the British or Commonwealth armed forces for acts of valour or gallantry performed in the face of the enemy. Within the British honours system and those of many Commonwealth nations it is the highest award a soldier can receive for actions in combat. It was established in 1856 and since then has been awarded 1,356 times, including three service personnel who were awarded the VC twice. The VC was introduced on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to reward acts of valour during the Crimean War. The traditional explanation of the source of the gunmetal from which the medals are struck is that it derives from Russian cannon captured at the siege of Sevastopol. Recent research has thrown doubt on this story, suggesting a variety of origins. The original Royal Warrant did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards, although official policy was to not award the VC posthumously. Between 1897 and 1901, several notices were issued in the London Gazette regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived. In a partial reversal of policy in 1902, six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC, but not officially awarded the medal. In 1907, the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six officers and men. The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920 but one quarter of all awards for the First World War were posthumous. Due to its rarity, the VC is highly prized and the medal has fetched over £400,000 at auction.'} | null | null | What was the nationality of the person that served in the Crimeon War ? | English |
0b985bc69a4f2571 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings_draft_history', 'title': 'Minnesota Vikings draft history', 'header': ['Round', 'Pick #', 'Overall', 'Name', 'Position', 'College'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anthony Barr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Barr_(American_football)', 'summary': "Anthony Barr ( born March 18 , 1992 ) is an American football outside linebacker for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at UCLA from 2010 to 2013 , where he was a consensus All-American in 2013 . He was drafted by the Vikings in the first round , ninth overall of the 2014 NFL Draft . Barr was an offensive player his first two years at UCLA , playing running back , wide receiver and tight end . He struggled as a running back , and switched to linebacker during his junior year , at which position he was named a first team All-Pac-12 selection and to the CBSSports.com All-America second team . As a senior Barr received the Lott IMPACT Award after leading the team in sacks . In 2014 , Barr 's first season playing professional football in the NFL , he was named NFC Defensive Player of the Week for Week 8 and selected for the Pro Football Focus All-NFC North Team . His rookie season was cut short due to a knee injury . Barr has since made four consecutive Pro Bowl appearances ( 2015-2018 ) . In the spring of 2019 , he signed a five-year extension of his contract with the Vikings ."}]}, {'value': 'Linebacker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'UCLA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_football', 'summary': "The UCLA Bruins football program represents the University of California , Los Angeles , in college football as members of the Pac-12 Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level . The Bruins have enjoyed several periods of success in their history , having been ranked in the top ten of the AP Poll at least once in every decade since the poll began in the 1930s . Their first major period of success came in the 1950s , under head coach Henry Russell Sanders . Sanders led the Bruins to the Coaches ' Poll national championship in 1954 , three conference championships , and an overall record of 66-19-1 in nine years . In the 1980s and 1990s , during the tenure of Terry Donahue , the Bruins compiled a 151-74-8 record , including 13 bowl games and an NCAA record eight straight bowl wins . The program has produced 28 first round picks in the NFL Draft , 30 consensus All-Americans , and multiple major award winners , including Heisman winner Gary Beban . The UCLA Bruins ' main rival is the USC Trojans . Chip Kelly became head coach in 2018 . The Bruins were the Pac-12 Conference South Division champions for two years in a row and played Pac-12 Football Championship Games in both 2011 and 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teddy Bridgewater', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teddy_Bridgewater', 'summary': 'Theodore Edmond Bridgewater Jr. ( born November 10 , 1992 ) is an American football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at the University of Louisville , and was drafted in the first round of the 2014 NFL Draft by the Minnesota Vikings , with whom he made a Pro Bowl appearance .'}]}, {'value': 'Quarterback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Louisville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals_football', 'summary': 'The Louisville Cardinals football team represents the University of Louisville in the sport of American football . The Cardinals compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '72', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scott Crichton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Crichton_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Scott Crichton ( born October 30 , 1991 ) is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Oregon State and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the third round , 72nd overall of the 2014 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Defensive end', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_end', 'summary': 'Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played .'}]}, {'value': 'Oregon State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon_State_Beavers_football', 'summary': "The Oregon State Beavers football team represents Oregon State University in NCAA Division I FBS college football . The team first fielded an organized football team in 1893 and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference 's North Division . Jonathan Smith has been the head coach since November 29 , 2017 . Their home games are played at Reser Stadium in Corvallis , Oregon ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '96', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerick McKinnon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerick_McKinnon', 'summary': 'Jerick Deshun McKinnon ( born May 3 , 1992 ) is an American football running back for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Georgia Southern and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the third round of the 2014 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Running back', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia Southern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Southern_Eagles_football', 'summary': "The Georgia Southern Eagles football program represents Georgia Southern University in football as part of the Sun Belt Conference under head coach Chad Lunsford . The Eagles have won six FCS ( I-AA ) national championships and have produced two Walter Payton Award winners . The Eagles first continuously fielded a football team in 1924 ; however , play was suspended for World War II and revived in 1981 . The Eagles competed as an FCS independent from 1984 until 1992 as the Eagles ' main conference at the time , the Trans America Athletic Conference ( now known as the Atlantic Sun Conference ) , did not sponsor football , and as a member of the Southern Conference from 1993 until 2013 , winning 10 SoCon championships . Georgia Southern joined the Sun Belt Conference upon transitioning to the FBS level in 2014 . The Eagles won the Sun Belt Conference championship outright in its first year as an FBS member . Georgia Southern 's main Sun Belt rival is Appalachian State ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '145', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Yankey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Yankey', 'summary': 'David Famiyekyi Yankey ( born January 18 , 1992 ) is an American football offensive guard who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Stanford , where he was a two-time consensus All-American . He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fifth round , 145th overall of the 2014 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Guard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_and_Canadian_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'Stanford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_football', 'summary': "The Stanford Cardinal football program represents Stanford University in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference 's North Division . Stanford has a highly successful football tradition . The team is currently known as the Cardinal , adopted prior to the 1982 season . Stanford was known as the Indians from 1930 to January 1972 , and the Cardinals from 1972 through 1981 . A student vote in December 1975 to change the nickname to Robber Barons was not approved by administrators . Stanford has fielded football teams every year since 1892 with a few exceptions . Like a number of other teams from the era concerned with violence in the sport , the school dropped football in favor of rugby from 1906 to 1917 . The school also did not field a team in 1918 ( due to World War I ) or in 1943 , 1944 , and 1945 ( due to World War II ) . The school participated in the first-ever Rose Bowl against Michigan in 1902 , in which they were routed 49-0 . Its annual Big Game against California is the oldest and most storied rivalry in the Pac-12 and western United States . The Cardinal also compete for the Legends Trophy against independent rival Notre Dame . The program has an all-time record of 657-467-49 for a winning percentage of .581 and has winning series records against all of its Pac-12 North rivals , except for the Washington Huskies , against whom they are tied 43-43-4 ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '182', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antone Exum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antone_Exum', 'summary': 'Antone Chavez Exum Jr. ( born February 27 , 1991 ) is an American football safety who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Virginia Tech , and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the sixth round of the 2014 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornerback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_football', 'summary': "The Virginia Tech Hokies football team represents Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in the sport of American football . The Hokies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference . They previously competed in the Big East . Their home games are played at Lane Stadium , located in Blacksburg , Virginia with a seating capacity of over 65,000 fans . Lane Stadium was [ when ? ] considered to be one of the loudest stadiums in the country , being voted number one in ESPN 's Top 20 Scariest Places to Play . Also , it was recognized in 2005 by Rivals.com as having the best home-field advantage in the country . It is currently the 31st largest stadium in college football . In 124 seasons , the Hokies have won over 700 games and appeared in 32 bowl games , including the 2000 BCS National Championship game . The Hokies currently rank 23rd among all Division I college football teams for most wins . With 25 consecutive bowl appearances , beginning in 1993 , the Hokies currently have the longest bowl game streak in the country recognized by the NCAA . The program has also claimed ten conference titles ( 2 South Atlantic , 1 Southern , 3 Big East & 4 ACC ) and produced eight All-Americans ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '184', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kendall James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kendall_James', 'summary': 'Kendall James ( born June 29 , 1991 ) is an American football cornerback who is currently a free agent . He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the sixth round of the 2014 NFL Draft . He played college football at Maine .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornerback', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maine_Black_Bears_football', 'summary': "The Maine Black Bears football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Maine located in the U.S. state of Maine . The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) and are members of the Colonial Athletic Association . Maine 's first football team was fielded in 1892 . The team plays its home games at the 8,419 seat Alfond Stadium in Orono , Maine ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '220', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shamar Stephen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shamar_Stephen', 'summary': 'Shamar Irvin Stephen ( born February 25 , 1991 ) is an American football defensive tackle for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Connecticut . He was drafted by the Vikings in the seventh round , 220th overall of the 2014 NFL Draft . He has also played for the Seattle Seahawks .'}]}, {'value': 'Defensive tackle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Connecticut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Connecticut_Huskies_football', 'summary': "The UConn Huskies football team is a college football team that represents the University of Connecticut in the sport of American football . The team competes in NCAA Division I FBS as an Independent . Connecticut first fielded a team in 1896 , and participated in Division I-AA until 1999 . The Huskies began their two-year Division I-A transition period in 2000 , and became a full-fledged Division I-A team in 2002 . From 2000 to 2003 the team played as an independent . The school 's football team then joined the conference of its other sport teams , the Big East ( later named the American Athletic Conference ( the American ) in 2013 ) , taking effect in 2004 , through 2019 . In 2019 , UConn announced that the team would be leaving the American to play as an independent ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '223', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brandon Watts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brandon_Watts', 'summary': 'Brandon Watts ( born January 21 , 1991 ) is an American football linebacker who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Georgia Tech . He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the seventh round , 223rd overall , of the 2014 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Linebacker', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgia Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets_football', 'summary': "The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represents the Georgia Institute of Technology in the sport of American football . The Yellow Jackets team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Georgia Tech has fielded a football team since 1892 and , as of 2017 , has an all-time record of 735-502-43 ( a .591 winning percentage ) . The Yellow Jackets play in Bobby Dodd Stadium at Historic Grant Field in Atlanta , which has a capacity of 55,000 . One of the most successful college football programs over a long history , the Yellow Jackets have won four national championships across four different decades ( 1917 , 1928 , 1952 , 1990 ) as well as sixteen conference titles . Among the team 's former coaches are John Heisman , for whom the Heisman Trophy is named , and Bobby Dodd , for whom the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award and the school 's stadium are named . Heisman led the team to the most lopsided game in football history , 222-0 , and both Heisman and Dodd led Tech 's football team to national championships . Dodd also led the Jackets on their longest winning streak - 8 straight games - against the University of Georgia in Tech 's most time-endured rivalry , called Clean , Old-Fashioned Hate . For his part , Heisman led Georgia Tech to an undefeated 12-0-1 record in the Georgia Tech-Clemson football rivalry and what made it sting even more was that Heisman had previously coached Clemson . A number of successful collegiate and professional football players have also played for Tech . The program has 48 first-team All-Americans and over 150 alumni who have played in the NFL . Among the most lauded and most notable players the school has produced are Maxie Baughan , Calvin Johnson , Demaryius Thomas , Keith Brooking , Joe Hamilton , Joe Guyon , Pat Swilling and Billy Shaw ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '225', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jabari Price', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jabari_Price', 'summary': 'Jabari Price ( born August 31 , 1992 ) is an American football cornerback who is currently a free agent . He played college football at North Carolina . He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the seventh round , 225th overall of the 2014 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornerback', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_football', 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels football team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the sport of American football . The Tar Heels play in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . North Carolina has played in 34 bowl games in its history and won three Southern Conference championships and five Atlantic Coast Conference titles . Thirty Tar Heel players have been honored as first-team All-Americas on 38 occasions . Carolina had 32 All-Southern Conference selections when it played in that league until 1952 and since joining the ACC in 1953 , has had 174 first-team All-ACC choices . Since joining the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1953 , the team has won five conference championships , with the most recent title coming in 1980 . One very important contribution to the game of football by Carolina is the modern use of the forward pass ; they were the first college team to use the play in 1895 . Bob Quincy notes in his 1973 book They Made the Bell Tower Chime : John Heisman , a noted historian , wrote 30 years later that , indeed , the Tar Heels had given birth to the forward pass against the Bulldogs ( UGA ) . It was conceived to break a scoreless deadlock and give UNC a 6-0 win . The Tar Heels were in a punting situation and a Georgia rush seemed destined to block the ball . The punter , with an impromptu dash to his right , tossed the ball and it was caught by George Stephens , who ran 70 yards for a touchdown . The program has long been overshadowed by the school 's powerhouse men 's basketball team ."}]}], 'section_title': '2014 NFL Draft', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Minnesota_Vikings_draft_history_53', 'intro': 'This page is a list of the Minnesota Vikings NFL Draft selections. The first draft the Vikings participated in was the 1961 NFL Draft, in which they made Tommy Mason of Tulane their first ever selection.'} | null | null | As of 2017 , what is the all-time record of the team Brandon Watts played on in college ? | 735-502-43 |
0b98d45f38424255 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra', 'title': 'Sumatra', 'header': ['Rank', 'City', 'Province', 'Population 2010 Census', 'City Birthday', 'Area ( km )'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Medan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Medan', 'summary': "Medan ( Indonesian pronunciation : [ meˈdan ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of North Sumatra . A regional hub and financial centre of Sumatra , it is regarded as one of the four main central cities of Indonesia , alongside Jakarta , Surabaya , and Makassar . Medan has a population of over 2.2 million within its city limits , and over 3.4 million in its built-up urban area , making it the fourth largest urban area in Indonesia . The Medan metropolitan area - which includes neighbouring Binjai , Deli Serdang Regency , and a part of Karo Regency - is the largest metropolitan area outside of Java , with 4.6 million residents . Medan is a multicultural metropolis and a busy trading city bordered by the Strait of Malacca . A gateway to the western part of Indonesia , Medan is supported by the Port of Belawan and Kualanamu International Airport , both of which are connected to the city centre via toll road and railway . The city was founded by Guru Patimpus , a Karonese man who named a swampy land in confluence of Deli River and Babura river as Kampung Medan Putri . It later became a part of the Deli Sultanate which was established by Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan in 1632 . In the 18th century , its eighth king , Sultan Mahmud Al Rasyid Perkasa Alam , worked with Jacob Nienhuys , a Dutch tobacco merchant , who pioneered the opening of tobacco plantations in Medan . With the help from the 9th Sultanate Sultan Ma'mun Al Rasyid Perkasa Alam , and also the well-known Chinese businessmen Tjong Yong Hian and Tjong A Fie , the rapid development of the economy transformed Medan into a big trading center with the nickname het land dollar , aka the land of the money . The Deli Railway was established for shipping rubber , tea , timber , palm oil , and sugar industries from the city to the Port of Belawan . Medan was briefly the capital of the State of East Sumatra in 1947 , before it became the provincial capital of North Sumatra in mid-1950 ."}]}, {'value': 'North Sumatra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Sumatra', 'summary': 'North Sumatra ( Indonesian : Sumatra Utara ) is a province of Indonesia . It consists of a large northwestern belt of the island of Sumatra and its capital is Medan . North Sumatra is the fourth most-populous province after West Java , East Java and Central Java - it covers an area of 72,981 sq.km , and at the Census of 2015 it had a population of 13,923,262 ; the latest official estimate as at mid 2019 is 14,639,400 .'}]}, {'value': '2,109,339', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 July 1590', 'urls': []}, {'value': '265.10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Palembang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palembang', 'summary': "Palembang ( Indonesian pronunciation : [ palɛmˈbaŋ ] ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra . The city proper covers 369.22 square kilometres ( 142.56 square miles ) of land on both banks of Musi River on the eastern lowland of southern Sumatra , with an estimated population of 1,708,413 in 2014 . Palembang is the second most populous city in Sumatra , after Medan , the ninth most populous city in Indonesia , and the nineteenth most populous city in Southeast Asia . The Palembang metropolitan area comprises part of regencies surrounding the city such as Banyuasin , Ogan Ilir , and Ogan Komering Ilir , with a total estimated population of more than 3.5 million in 2015 . Palembang is the one of the oldest cities in Southeast Asia . It was once the capital city of Srivijaya , a powerful Buddhist kingdom that ruled many parts of the western Indonesian Archipelago and controlled many maritime trade routes , especially in the Strait of Malacca . The earliest evidence of the city 's existence dates from the 7th century ; a Chinese monk , Yijing , wrote that he visited Srivijaya in the year 671 for 6 months . The first inscription in which Srivijaya was mentioned , Kedukan Bukit Inscription which was found in the city also dates from the 7th century . Palembang was incorporated into the Dutch East Indies in 1825 after the abolishment of the Palembang Sultanate . It was chartered as a city on 1 April 1906 . Palembang is mostly known by many Indonesians for Ampera Bridge , the city main landmark and pempek , one of Indonesian famous snack hailed from the city . Palembang is the host city of the 2011 Southeast Asian Games and 2018 Asian Games along with Jakarta ."}]}, {'value': 'South Sumatra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Sumatra', 'summary': 'South Sumatra ( Jawi : سومترا سلتن , Indonesian : Sumatera Selatan , abbreviated as Sumsel ) is a province of Indonesia . It is located on the southeast of the island of Sumatra , The province spans 91,592.43 km2 ( 35,364 sq mi ) and had a population of 7,450,394 at the 2010 Census and 8,043,042 at the 2015 Census ; the latest official estimate is 8,497,200 ( as at mid 2019 ) . The capital of the province is Palembang . The province borders the provinces of Jambi to the north , Bengkulu to the west and Lampung to the south . The Bangka Strait in the east separates South Sumatra and the island of Bangka , which is part of the Bangka Belitung Islands province . This province is rich in natural resources , such as petroleum , natural gas and coal . The province is very diverse , as it is inhabited by many different ethnic groups . The Malays is the dominant ethnic group in the province . Most of them spoke the Palembang Malay , which is mutually unintelligible to both Indonesian and Standard Malay . Other ethnic groups also inhabits the province , such as the Javanese , Sundanese , Minangkabau and Chinese . Most of them are concentrated around urban areas , as they are mostly immigrants from other parts of Indonesia . The province was once the seat of many great kingdoms and empires .'}]}, {'value': '1,452,840', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 June 1683', 'urls': []}, {'value': '374.03', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batam', 'summary': "Batam is the largest city in the province of Riau Islands , Indonesia . The city administrative area covers three main islands of Batam , Rempang , and Galang ( collectively called Barelang ) , as well as several small islands . Batam Island is the core urban and industrial zone , while both Rempang Island and Galang Island maintain their rural character and are connected to Batam Island by short bridges . Batam is an industrial boomtown , an emerging transport hub , and part of a free trade zone in the Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle , located 20 km ( 12 mi ) off Singapore 's south coast and also part of the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle . According to Statistics Indonesia 's 2016 estimate , Batam has a population of 1,236,399 , making it the third largest city in the region of Sumatra , after Medan and Palembang . It is the closest part of Indonesia to Singapore , at a minimum land distance of 5.8 km . During the 2010 national census , Batam was the fastest-growing municipality in Indonesia the decade prior , with a population growth rate of 11% per year . In 2017 , the island suffered severe job losses , some 300,000 workers were laid off ."}]}, {'value': 'Riau Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riau_Islands', 'summary': "The Riau Islands ( Indonesian : Kepulauan Riau ) is a province of Indonesia . It comprises a total of 1,796 islands scattered between the Malay Peninsula , Sumatra , and Borneo . Situated on one of the world 's busiest shipping lanes along the Malacca Strait and the South China Sea , the province shares water borders with neighboring countries such as Singapore , Malaysia , and Vietnam . The Riau Islands also has a relatively large potential of mineral resources , energy , as well as marine resources . The capital of the province is Tanjung Pinang and the largest city is Batam . The Riau archipelago was once part of the Johor Sultanate , which was later partitioned between the Dutch East Indies and British Malaya after the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 , in which the archipelago fell under Dutch influence . A Dutch protectorate , the Riau-Lingga Sultanate , was established in the region between 1824 and 1911 before being directly ruled by the Dutch East Indies . The archipelago became a part of Indonesia following the occupation of the Japanese Empire ( 1942-1945 ) and the Indonesian National Revolution ( 1945-1949 ) . The Riau Islands separated from the province of Riau in September 2002 , becoming Indonesia 's third-youngest province . A free trade zone of the Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle , the Riau Islands has experienced rapid industrialisation since the 1970s . The Riau Islands is one of the country 's most prosperous provinces , having a GDP per capita of Rp72.571,75 ( USD 8.300,82 ) as of 2011 , the fourth largest among all provinces in Indonesia after East Kalimantan , Jakarta and Riau . In addition , as of 2018 , the Riau Islands has a Human Development Index of 0.748 , also the fourth largest among all provinces in Indonesia after Jakarta , Special Region of Yogyakarta and East Kalimantan ."}]}, {'value': '1,153,860', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 December 1829', 'urls': []}, {'value': '715.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pekanbaru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pekanbaru', 'summary': "Pekanbaru is the capital of Indonesian province of Riau , and a major economic center on the eastern part of Sumatra Island . Its name is derived from the Malay words for 'new market ' ( 'pekan ' is market and 'baru ' is new ) . It has an area of 632.26 km² with a population of 1,093,416 . Located on the banks of the Siak River , which drains into the Strait of Malacca , Pekanbaru has direct access to the busy strait and was long known as a trading port . Pekanbaru was originally built as a market by Minangkabau merchants during the 18th century . A settlement has existed on the site since the 17th century.In the late 19th century , the city was developed to serve the coffee and coal industries , and the Dutch built roads to help ship goods to Singapore and Malacca . This city is served by the Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport and Sungai Duku Port that is located by the Siak River ."}]}, {'value': 'Riau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riau', 'summary': 'Riau , is a province of Indonesia . It is located in the central eastern coast of Sumatra along the Strait of Malacca . Until 2004 the province included the offshore Riau Islands , a large group of small islands ( of which the principal islands are Batam and Bintan ) located east of Sumatra Island and south of Singapore , before these islands were split off as a province in July 2004 . The provincial capital and the largest city of Riau is Pekanbaru . The province shares land borders with North Sumatra to the northwest , West Sumatra to the west , and Jambi to the south . The total area for Riau province is 87,023.66 square kilometres ( 33,600.02 sq mi ) , which stretches from the slopes of the Bukit Barisan to the Strait of Malacca . Riau has a wet tropical climate with average rainfall ranging between 2000 and 3000 millimeters per year , and the average rainfall per year is about 160 days . Riau is currently one of the richest provinces in Indonesia and is rich in natural resources , particularly petroleum , natural gas , rubber , palm oil and fibre plantations . Extensive logging and plantation development in has led to a massive decline in forest cover Riau , and associated fires have contributed to haze across the larger region . Riau is considered part of the Malay world . It is currently considered as the cultural center of the Malays in Indonesia . Nevertheless , Riau is considered a very diverse province , as it is inhabited by many ethnic groups , such as Malay , Minangkabau , Chinese and Batak .'}]}, {'value': '903,902', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23 June 1784', 'urls': []}, {'value': '633.01', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bandar Lampung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandar_Lampung', 'summary': "Bandar Lampung is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Lampung . Located on the southern tip of Sumatra , Bandar Lampung was originally called Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung , since it was a unification of two major settlements in Lampung , before being renamed in 1983 . The city proper and South Lampung Regency ( which borders the city on its northern and eastern sides ) are major transmigrasi recipients ; in testimony thereof , it has become the third-densest city in Sumatra , after Medan and Palembang . The city 's area is about 169.21 km² , with an estimated population of 1.015.910 as of 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lampung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lampung', 'summary': "Lampung is a province of Indonesia . It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra . It has a short border with the province of Bengkulu to the northwest , and a longer border with the province of South Sumatra to the north . It is the original home of the Lampung people , who speak their own language , and possess their own written script . Its capital is Bandar Lampung . The province covers a land area of 35,376 sq.km and had a population of 7,608,405 at the 2010 Census and 8,109,601 at the 2015 Census ; the latest official estimate ( as at mid 2019 ) was 8,457,600 , with three-quarters of that being descendants of Javanese , Madurese , and Balinese migrants . These migrants came from more densely populated islands , in search of available land , as well as being part of the national government 's Indonesian transmigration program , of which Lampung was one of the earliest and most significant transmigration destinations . On 10 May 2005 , a 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck the province . In 1883 , the volcano of Krakatoa , located on an island in the Sunda Strait , separating the islands of Sumatra and Java , suffered one of the most violent volcanic eruptions in recorded history , with disastrous consequences for the area and elsewhere , including estimates of human fatalities in the tens of thousands , and worldwide temperature and other weather effects for years ."}]}, {'value': '879,851', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 June 1682', 'urls': []}, {'value': '169.21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Padang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Padang', 'summary': 'Padang ( Indonesian pronunciation : [ ˈpadaŋ ] ) is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra . With an estimated population of 939,112 as of 2018 , it is the 16th most populous city in Indonesia and the most populous city on the west coast of Sumatra . The Padang metropolitan area is the third most populous metropolitan area in Sumatra with a population of over 1.4 million . Padang is widely known for its Minangkabau culture , cuisine , and sunset beaches . The city had historically been a trading center since the pre-colonial era , trading in pepper and gold . The Dutch made contact with the city in the mid 17th century , eventually constructing a fortress and taking over control of the city from the Pagaruyung Kingdom . Save several interruptions of British rule , Padang remained part of the Dutch East Indies as one of its major cities until Indonesian independence . In 1906 , Padang along with Palembang became the first populated places in Sumatra to achieve city status ( gemeente ) .'}]}, {'value': 'West Sumatra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Sumatra', 'summary': "West Sumatra ( Indonesian : Sumatera Barat ) is a province of Indonesia . Located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra , the province had a 2019 estimated population of 5,479,491 across an area of 42,012.89 km2 . The province includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast and borders the provinces of North Sumatra to the north , Riau and Jambi to the east , and Bengkulu to the southeast . West Sumatra is sub-divided into twelve regencies and seven cities . It has relatively more cities than other provinces outside of Java . Padang is the province 's capital and largest city . West Sumatra is home to the Minangkabau people , although the traditional Minangkabau region is actually wider than the province 's boundaries , covering up to the southern region of North Sumatra , the western region of Riau , the western region of Jambi , the northern region of Bengkulu , and Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia . Another native ethnic group is Mentawai people , who inhabit the western islands of the same name . Islam is a predominant religion in the province with about 97.4% of the total population . West Sumatra was the centre of Pagaruyung Kingdom , founded by Adityawarman in 1347 . The first European to come to the region was a French traveler named Jean Parmentier who arrived around 1523 . The region was later colonised by the Dutch Empire and became a residency named Sumatra 's WestKust ( Sumatra 's West Coast ) , whose administrative area included the present-day Kampar Regency in Riau and Kerinci Regency in Jambi ."}]}, {'value': '833,584', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 August 1669', 'urls': []}, {'value': '694.96', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jambi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jambi_City', 'summary': 'Jambi is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Jambi . Located on the island of Sumatra , the city is a busy port on the Batang Hari River and an oil- and rubber-producing centre . The city is located 26 km ( 16 mi ) from the ruins of Muaro Jambi , an important city in the ancient Srivijaya kingdom . Nearby towns and villages include Mendalo ( 5.1 nmi ( 9.4 km ; 5.9 mi ) ) , Kinati ( 4.1 nmi ( 7.6 km ; 4.7 mi ) ) , Padang ( 4.5 nmi ( 8.3 km ; 5.2 mi ) ) , Tanjungjohor ( 3.2 nmi ( 5.9 km ; 3.7 mi ) ) , Paalmerah ( 2.8 nmi ( 5.2 km ; 3.2 mi ) ) , and Muarakumpe ( 3.6 nmi ( 6.7 km ; 4.1 mi ) ) . Jambi is served by the Sultan Thaha Airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Jambi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jambi', 'summary': 'Jambi is a province of Indonesia . It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and spans to the Barisan Mountains in the west . Its capital and largest city is Jambi . The province has a land area of 50,058 km2 , and it has a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 Census ; by January 2014 this had risen to 3,412,459 .'}]}, {'value': '529,118', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 May 1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': '205.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bengkulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bengkulu_(city)', 'summary': 'Bengkulu ( Rejangese : ꤷꥍꤲ꥓ꤰꥈꤾꥈ ) is the capital of the Indonesian province of Bengkulu . The city is the second largest city on the west coast of Sumatra Island after Padang . Previously this area is under the influence of the kingdom of Inderapura and the Sultanate of Banten . The city also became the exile of Sukarno during the period of 1939 - 1942 . It had a population of 308,756 at the 2010 Census , the latest estimate ( for January 2014 ) is 328,827 . The city is also the largest city of Bengkulu Province .'}]}, {'value': 'Bengkulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bengkulu', 'summary': 'Bengkulu is a province of Indonesia . It is located on the southwest coast of Sumatra . It was formed on 18 November 1968 by separating out the former Bengkulu Residency area from the province of South Sumatra under Law No . 9 of 1967 and was finalised by Government Regulation No . 20 of 1968 . Spread over 19,813 km2 , it is bordered by the provinces of West Sumatra to the north , Jambi to the northeast , Lampung to the southeast , and South Sumatra to the east , and by the Indian Ocean to the northwest , south , southwest , and west . Bengkulu is the 25th largest province by area ; it is divided into nine regencies and the city of Bengkulu , the capital and largest city . Bengkulu is also the 26th largest province by population in Indonesia , with 1,715,518 inhabitants at the 2010 Census and 1,872,136 at the 2015 Census ; the latest official estimate ( as at mid 2019 ) is 1,971,800 . According to a release by Badan Pusat Statistik , it has the eleventh highest Human Development Index among the provinces , with a score of about 0.744 in 2013 . By 2014 , the province is positioned 28th highest in gross domestic product and 20th highest in life expectancy , 70.35 years . Bengkulu also includes Mega Island and Enggano Island in the Indian Ocean . Bengkulu has 525 kilometres of coastline along the Indian Ocean on its western side , from Dusun Baru Pelokan in Muko-Muko Regency to Tebing Nasal in Kaur Regency .'}]}, {'value': '300,359', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 March 1719', 'urls': []}, {'value': '144.52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dumai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dumai', 'summary': 'Dumai , is a city in Riau province on the island of Sumatra , Indonesia . The city has an area of 2,039.35 km² and has 316,668 inhabitants in 2014 . Dumai has a domestic airport , that is Pinang Kampai Airport . Dumai is an important transport and trade centre , both regionally and internationally , especially to Malaysia . Dumai is rich in oil ( petroleum and palm oil ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Riau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riau', 'summary': 'Riau , is a province of Indonesia . It is located in the central eastern coast of Sumatra along the Strait of Malacca . Until 2004 the province included the offshore Riau Islands , a large group of small islands ( of which the principal islands are Batam and Bintan ) located east of Sumatra Island and south of Singapore , before these islands were split off as a province in July 2004 . The provincial capital and the largest city of Riau is Pekanbaru . The province shares land borders with North Sumatra to the northwest , West Sumatra to the west , and Jambi to the south . The total area for Riau province is 87,023.66 square kilometres ( 33,600.02 sq mi ) , which stretches from the slopes of the Bukit Barisan to the Strait of Malacca . Riau has a wet tropical climate with average rainfall ranging between 2000 and 3000 millimeters per year , and the average rainfall per year is about 160 days . Riau is currently one of the richest provinces in Indonesia and is rich in natural resources , particularly petroleum , natural gas , rubber , palm oil and fibre plantations . Extensive logging and plantation development in has led to a massive decline in forest cover Riau , and associated fires have contributed to haze across the larger region . Riau is considered part of the Malay world . It is currently considered as the cultural center of the Malays in Indonesia . Nevertheless , Riau is considered a very diverse province , as it is inhabited by many ethnic groups , such as Malay , Minangkabau , Chinese and Batak .'}]}, {'value': '254,332', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 April 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,039.35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Binjai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Binjai', 'summary': 'Binjai , formally Kota Binjai , is an independent city in the North Sumatra province of Indonesia , bordered by Deli Serdang Regency to the east and Langkat Regency to the west . Binjai is connected to Medan ( the provincial capital ) , about 22 km to the east , by the Sumatra highway that goes to Banda Aceh , and effectively forms a part of Greater Medan . The Kota population was 181,904 in the 1990 Census , 224,516 in the 2000 Census , 246,154 in the 2010 Census , and 264,440 in the 2015 Census . In 2010 , a further 42,325 inhabitants lived in Binjai District of Langkat Regency , outside the city limits but immediately north of the city .'}]}, {'value': 'North Sumatra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Sumatra', 'summary': 'North Sumatra ( Indonesian : Sumatra Utara ) is a province of Indonesia . It consists of a large northwestern belt of the island of Sumatra and its capital is Medan . North Sumatra is the fourth most-populous province after West Java , East Java and Central Java - it covers an area of 72,981 sq.km , and at the Census of 2015 it had a population of 13,923,262 ; the latest official estimate as at mid 2019 is 14,639,400 .'}]}, {'value': '246,010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90.24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pematang Siantar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pematangsiantar', 'summary': 'Pematangsiantar ( sometimes written as Pematang Siantar , acronym PS or P. Siantar , colloquially just Siantar ) , is an independent city in North Sumatra , Indonesia , surrounded by , but not part of , the Simalungun Regency . Pematangsiantar formerly had the status of a second level district ( daerah tingkat dua ) and was the administrative centre of the surrounding Regency , but it has recently been elevated to Kota ( City ) and separated from the Regency . Its population was 229,525 in the 2005 Census , 234,698 in the 2010 Census , and 247,219 in the 2015 Intermediate Census , while the latest official estimate ( as at mid 2018 ) is 253,500 , making it the second largest city in the province after the provincial capital of Medan .'}]}, {'value': 'North Sumatra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Sumatra', 'summary': 'North Sumatra ( Indonesian : Sumatra Utara ) is a province of Indonesia . It consists of a large northwestern belt of the island of Sumatra and its capital is Medan . North Sumatra is the fourth most-populous province after West Java , East Java and Central Java - it covers an area of 72,981 sq.km , and at the Census of 2015 it had a population of 13,923,262 ; the latest official estimate as at mid 2019 is 14,639,400 .'}]}, {'value': '234,885', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24 April 1871', 'urls': []}, {'value': '60.52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banda Aceh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banda_Aceh', 'summary': "Banda Aceh is the capital and largest city in the province of Aceh , Indonesia . It is located on the island of Sumatra and has an elevation of 35 meters . The city covers an area of 61.4 square kilometres and had a population of 223,446 people at the 2010 Census , rising to 250,227 at the 2015 Census ; the latest official estimate ( as at mid 2019 ) is 268,148 . Banda Aceh is located on the northwestern tip of Indonesia at the mouth of the Aceh River . The city was originally established as Bandar Aceh Darussalam Kandang and served as a capital and hub for the Sultanate of Aceh upon its foundation in the late 15th century . Later its name was changed to Bandar Aceh Darussalam , and then became popularly known as Banda Aceh . The first part of the name comes from the Persian bandar ( بندر ) meaning port or haven . The city is also dubbed the port to Mecca , or the porch of Mecca ( Indonesian : Serambi Mekkah ) in reference to the days when hajj pilgrims travelled by sea from Indonesia and would make a stop over in the city before continuing their journey to Mecca . Banda Aceh had long been at the centre of protracted conflicts between the Acehnese and foreign domination , including war with Portuguese , wars with the Dutch , the Japanese and the Indonesian government . The city rose to international prominence in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 , which struck off the western coast of Sumatra . Banda Aceh was the closest major city to the earthquake 's epicentre , which lay 249 km off the coast . It suffered great damage in the earthquake and further damage when a tsunami struck shortly afterwards ."}]}, {'value': 'Aceh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aceh', 'summary': "Aceh ( /ˈɑːtʃeɪ/ ) is the westernmost province of Indonesia . It is located on the northern end of Sumatra , with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city . Granted a special autonomous status , Aceh is a religiously conservative territory and the only Indonesian province practicing Sharia law officially . There are ten indigenous ethnic groups in this region , the largest being the Acehnese people , accounting for approximately 80% to 90% of the region 's population . Aceh is the place where the spread of Islam in Indonesia began , and was a key factor of the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia . Islam reached Aceh ( Kingdoms of Fansur and Lamuri ) around 1250 AD . In the early seventeenth century the Sultanate of Aceh was the most wealthy , powerful and cultivated state in the Malacca Straits region . Aceh has a history of political independence and resistance to control by outsiders , including the former Dutch colonists and later the Indonesian government . Aceh has substantial natural resources of oil and natural gas . Aceh was the closest point of land to the epicenter of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami , which devastated much of the western coast of the province . Approximately 170,000 Indonesians were killed or went missing in the disaster . The disaster helped precipitate the peace agreement between the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement ( GAM ) ."}]}, {'value': '224,209', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 April 1205', 'urls': []}, {'value': '61.36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lubuklinggau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lubuklinggau', 'summary': 'Lubuklinggau , is a city in South Sumatra , Indonesia . It has an area of 419.80 km² and had a population of 201,308 at the 2010 Census the latest official estimate ( as at January 2014 ) was 216,064 . The city was formerly part of the Musi Rawas Regency from which it was separated in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'South Sumatra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Sumatra', 'summary': 'South Sumatra ( Jawi : سومترا سلتن , Indonesian : Sumatera Selatan , abbreviated as Sumsel ) is a province of Indonesia . It is located on the southeast of the island of Sumatra , The province spans 91,592.43 km2 ( 35,364 sq mi ) and had a population of 7,450,394 at the 2010 Census and 8,043,042 at the 2015 Census ; the latest official estimate is 8,497,200 ( as at mid 2019 ) . The capital of the province is Palembang . The province borders the provinces of Jambi to the north , Bengkulu to the west and Lampung to the south . The Bangka Strait in the east separates South Sumatra and the island of Bangka , which is part of the Bangka Belitung Islands province . This province is rich in natural resources , such as petroleum , natural gas and coal . The province is very diverse , as it is inhabited by many different ethnic groups . The Malays is the dominant ethnic group in the province . Most of them spoke the Palembang Malay , which is mutually unintelligible to both Indonesian and Standard Malay . Other ethnic groups also inhabits the province , such as the Javanese , Sundanese , Minangkabau and Chinese . Most of them are concentrated around urban areas , as they are mostly immigrants from other parts of Indonesia . The province was once the seat of many great kingdoms and empires .'}]}, {'value': '201,217', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 August 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '419.80', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Largest cities', 'section_text': 'Medan , the largest city in Sumatra By population , Medan is the largest city in Sumatra . [ 26 ] Medan is also the most visited and developed cities in Sumatra .', 'uid': 'Sumatra_0', 'intro': 'Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is entirely governed by Indonesia and the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (not including adjacent islands such as the Mentawai Islands, Enggano Island, Nias Island, Simeulue Island, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung Islands and Krakatoa archipelago). Sumatra is an elongated landmass spanning a diagonal northwest-southeast axis. The Indian Ocean borders the west, northwest, and southwest coasts of Sumatra with the island chain of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai and Enggano off the western coast. In the northeast the narrow Strait of Malacca separates the island from the Malay Peninsula, which is an extension of the Eurasian continent. In the southeast the narrow Sunda Strait, containing the Krakatoa Archipelago, separates Sumatra from Java. The northern tip of Sumatra borders the Andaman Islands, while off the southeastern coast lie the islands of Bangka and Belitung, Karimata Strait and the Java Sea. The Bukit Barisan mountains, which contain several active volcanoes, form the backbone of the island, while the northeastern area contains large plains and lowlands with swamps, mangrove forest and complex river systems. The equator crosses the island at its center in West Sumatra and Riau provinces. The climate of the island is tropical, hot and humid. Lush tropical rain forest once dominated the landscape. Sumatra has a wide range of plant and animal species but has lost almost 50% of its tropical rainforest in the last 35 years[clarification needed].'} | null | null | Who was sent away to the Indonesia city 144.52 square kilometers in area ? | Sukarno |
0b995c675a9a31a5 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_towns_in_literature', 'title': 'List of fictional towns in literature', 'header': ['Town name', 'Author', 'Origin'], 'data': [{'value': 'Algonquin Bay , Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giles Blunt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giles_Blunt', 'summary': "Giles Blunt ( born 1952 ) is a Canadian novelist , poet , and screenwriter . His first novel , Cold Eye , was a psychological thriller set in the New York art world , which was made into the French movie Les Couleurs du diable ( Allain Jessua , 1997 ) . He is also the author of the John Cardinal novels , set in the small town of Algonquin Bay , in Northern Ontario . Blunt was born in Windsor , Ontario , and grew up in North Bay ; Algonquin Bay is North Bay thinly disguised - for example , Blunt retains the names of major streets and the two lakes ( Trout Lake and Lake Nipissing ) that the town sits between , the physical layout of the two places is the same , and he describes Algonquin Bay as being in the same geographical location as North Bay . The first Cardinal story , Forty Words for Sorrow , won the British Crime Writers ' Association Silver Dagger , and the second , The Delicate Storm , won the Crime Writers of Canada 's Arthur Ellis Award for best novel , as did the sixth , Until the Night . The 2010 John Cardinal novel Crime Machine was described as a richly plotted work by one of Canada 's best mystery novelists . He also has written No Such Creature , a road novel set in the American southwest , and Breaking Lorca , which is set in a clandestine jail in El Salvador in the 1980s . Twice nominated for the Dublin IMPAC award , his novels have been compared to the work of Ian Rankin and Cormac McCarthy ."}]}, {'value': 'Forty Words for Sorrow , Blackfly Season , By the Time You Read This , Crime Machine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forty_Words_for_Sorrow', 'summary': "Forty Words for Sorrow is a crime novel from Canadian novelist Giles Blunt , and the first to feature his protagonists John Cardinal and Lise Delorme . Blunt had previous published one other novel , Cold Eye , but this was his first crime novel , and the first to be a critical and commercial success . [ citation needed ] The novel won the Crime Writers ' Association Silver Dagger in 2001 . In 2015 , Sienna Films and eOne Entertainment announced that a television adaptation , Cardinal , was in development . The six-episode series , starring Billy Campbell as John Cardinal and Karine Vanasse as Lise Delorme , premiered on CTV and Super Écran on January 25 , 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Anchorage-in-Vineland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anchorage-in-Vineland', 'summary': "The Mortal Engines Quartet ( also known as the Hungry City Chronicles in the United States ; Predator Cities or the Predator Cities Quartet ) is a series of epic young adult fantasy novels by the British novelist and illustrator Philip Reeve . He began the first volume of the series , Mortal Engines , in the 1980s , and it was published in 2001 . Reeve then published three further novels , Predator 's Gold in 2003 , Infernal Devices in 2005 , and A Darkling Plain in 2006 . The series is set thousands of years in the future in a time known as the Traction Era , and tell the story of two young adventurers on a desolate planet Earth where moving cities roam for resources , eating each other . The novels have won a number of awards , including the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize in 2002 for Mortal Engines and the 2006 Guardian Children 's Fiction Prize and the 2007 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Young Adult Fiction for A Darkling Plain . A companion piece entitled The Traction Codex was released in 2011 , and was expanded into The Illustrated World of Mortal Engines by Reeve and Jeremy Levett , which was published in 2018 . Additionally , a collection of short stories set before the series called Night Flights was published the same year . Also , a prequel series , Fever Crumb , set 600 years before the events of the Quartet , was published between 2009 and 2011 . Universal Pictures and MRC released a film adaptation of the first novel , Mortal Engines , in 2018 , though its movie universe is different from that of the books ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Philip Reeve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philip_Reeve', 'summary': "Philip Reeve ( born 28 February 1966 ) is a British author and illustrator of children 's books . He is primarily known for the 2001 book Mortal Engines and its sequels . His 2007 novel , Here Lies Arthur , based on the legendary King Arthur , won the Carnegie Medal , an award which recognises the year 's best children 's book published in the UK ."}]}, {'value': 'Mortal Engines Quartet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mortal_Engines_Quartet', 'summary': "The Mortal Engines Quartet ( also known as the Hungry City Chronicles in the United States ; Predator Cities or the Predator Cities Quartet ) is a series of epic young adult fantasy novels by the British novelist and illustrator Philip Reeve . He began the first volume of the series , Mortal Engines , in the 1980s , and it was published in 2001 . Reeve then published three further novels , Predator 's Gold in 2003 , Infernal Devices in 2005 , and A Darkling Plain in 2006 . The series is set thousands of years in the future in a time known as the Traction Era , and tell the story of two young adventurers on a desolate planet Earth where moving cities roam for resources , eating each other . The novels have won a number of awards , including the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize in 2002 for Mortal Engines and the 2006 Guardian Children 's Fiction Prize and the 2007 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Young Adult Fiction for A Darkling Plain . A companion piece entitled The Traction Codex was released in 2011 , and was expanded into The Illustrated World of Mortal Engines by Reeve and Jeremy Levett , which was published in 2018 . Additionally , a collection of short stories set before the series called Night Flights was published the same year . Also , a prequel series , Fever Crumb , set 600 years before the events of the Quartet , was published between 2009 and 2011 . Universal Pictures and MRC released a film adaptation of the first novel , Mortal Engines , in 2018 , though its movie universe is different from that of the books ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Ankh-Morpork', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ankh-Morpork', 'summary': "Ankh-Morpork is a fictional city-state which features prominently in Terry Pratchett 's Discworld fantasy novels ."}]}, {'value': 'Sir Terry Pratchett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sir_Terry_Pratchett', 'summary': "Sir Terence David John Pratchett OBE ( 28 April 1948 - 12 March 2015 ) was an English humorist , satirist , and author of fantasy novels , especially comical works . He is best known for his Discworld series of 41 novels . Pratchett 's first novel , The Carpet People , was published in 1971 . The first Discworld novel , The Colour of Magic , was published in 1983 , after which Pratchett wrote an average of two books a year . His 2011 Discworld novel Snuff became the third-fastest-selling hardback adult-readership novel since records began in the UK , selling 55,000 copies in the first three days . The final Discworld novel , The Shepherd 's Crown , was published in August 2015 , five months after his death . Pratchett , with more than 85 million books sold worldwide in 37 languages , was the UK 's best-selling author of the 1990s . He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in 1998 and was knighted for services to literature in the 2009 New Year Honours . In 2001 he won the annual Carnegie Medal for The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents , the first Discworld book marketed for children . He received the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 2010 . In December 2007 , Pratchett announced that he had been diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer 's disease . He later made a substantial public donation to the Alzheimer 's Research Trust ( now Alzheimer 's Research UK ) , filmed a television programme chronicling his experiences with the condition for the BBC , and became a patron for Alzheimer 's Research UK ."}]}, {'value': 'Discworld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Discworld', 'summary': "Discworld is a comic fantasy book series written by the English author Terry Pratchett , set on the Discworld , a flat planet balanced on the backs of four elephants which in turn stand on the back of a giant turtle . The series began in 1983 with The Colour of Magic and continued until the final novel The Shepherd 's Crown was published in 2015 , following Pratchett 's death . The books frequently parody or take inspiration from J. R. R. Tolkien , Robert E. Howard , H. P. Lovecraft , Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare , as well as mythology , folklore and fairy tales , often using them for satirical parallels with cultural , political and scientific issues . [ citation needed ] Forty-one Discworld novels have been published . The original British editions of the first 26 novels , up to Thief of Time ( 2001 ) , had cover art by Josh Kirby . The American editions , published by Harper Collins , used their own cover art . Since Kirby 's death in 2001 , the covers have been designed by Paul Kidby . Companion publications include eleven short stories ( some only loosely related to the Discworld ) , four popular science books , and a number of supplementary books and reference guides . The series has been adapted for graphic novels , theatre , computer and board games , and television . Newly released Discworld books regularly topped The Sunday Times best-sellers list , making Pratchett the UK 's best-selling author in the 1990s . Discworld novels have also won awards such as the Prometheus Award and the Carnegie Medal . In the BBC 's Big Read , four Discworld novels were in the top 100 , and a total of fourteen in the top 200 ."}]}, {'value': 'River Heights', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carolyn Keene', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carolyn_Keene', 'summary': "Carolyn Keene is the pseudonym of the authors of the Nancy Drew mystery stories and The Dana Girls mystery stories , both produced by the Stratemeyer Syndicate . In addition , the Keene pen name is credited with the Nancy Drew spin-off , River Heights , and the Nancy Drew Notebooks . Edward Stratemeyer , the founder of the Syndicate , hired writers , beginning with Mildred Wirt , later Mildred Wirt Benson , to write the manuscripts for the Nancy Drew books . The writers initially were paid $ 125 for each book and were required by their contract to give up all rights to the work and to maintain confidentiality . Benson is credited as the primary writer of Nancy Drew books under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene . Harriet Adams ( Stratemeyer 's daughter ) rewrote the original books and added new titles after the withdrawal of Benson . Other ghostwriters who used this name to write Nancy Drew mysteries included Leslie McFarlane , James Duncan Lawrence , Walter Karig , Nancy Axelrad , Patricia Doll , Charles S. Strong , Alma Sasse , Wilhelmina Rankin , George Waller Jr. , Margaret Fischer , and Susan Wittig Albert . Also involved in the Nancy Drew writing process were Harriet Stratemeyer Adams 's daughters , who gave input on the series and sometimes helped to choose book titles ; ( p158 ) the Syndicate 's secretary , Harriet Otis Smith , who invented the characters of Nancy 's friends Bess and George ; ( p140 ) and the editors at Grosset & Dunlap . ( p228 ) In 1979 , the Stratemeyer Syndicate changed publishers to Simon & Schuster , a move that the former publishers , Grosset and Dunlap , went to court to prevent , claiming a breach of contract . The decision was made in favor of the Syndicate , stating that they could choose which publisher they would like to use for subsequent entries in the series . In 1985 , the Syndicate was bought by publishers Simon & Schuster ; the Drew books are now handled by Mega-Books , a New York book packager ."}]}, {'value': 'Nancy Drew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nancy_Drew', 'summary': "Nancy Drew is a fictional character , a sleuth in an American mystery series created by publisher Edward Stratemeyer as the female counterpart to his Hardy Boys series . The character first appeared in 1930 . The books are ghostwritten by a number of authors and published under the collective pseudonym Carolyn Keene . Over the decades , the character evolved in response to changes in US culture and tastes . The books were extensively revised and shortened , beginning in 1959 , in part to lower printing costs with arguable success . In the revision process , the heroine 's original character was changed to be less unruly and violent . In the 1980s , an older and more professional Nancy emerged in a new series , The Nancy Drew Files , that included romantic subplots for the sleuth . The original Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series started in 1930 and ended in 2003 . Launched in 2004 , the Girl Detective series features Nancy driving a hybrid electric vehicle and using a cell phone . In 2012 , the Girl Detective series ended , and a new series , Nancy Drew Diaries , was launched in 2013 . Illustrations of the character evolved over time to reflect contemporary styles . The character proves continuously popular worldwide : at least 80 million copies of the books have been sold , and the books have been translated into over 45 languages ."}]}, {'value': 'Aramanth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aramanth', 'summary': 'Wind on Fire is a fantasy trilogy written by William Nicholson .'}]}, {'value': 'William Nicholson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Nicholson_(writer)', 'summary': 'William Benedict Nicholson , OBE , FRSL ( born 12 January 1948 ) is a British screenwriter , playwright , and novelist who has been nominated twice for an Oscar .'}]}, {'value': 'Wind On Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wind_On_Fire', 'summary': 'Wind on Fire is a fantasy trilogy written by William Nicholson .'}]}, {'value': 'Arkham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkham', 'summary': "Arkham ( /ˈɑːrkəm/ ) is a fictional town situated in Massachusetts . It is a dark city and an integral part of the Lovecraft Country setting created by H. P. Lovecraft . It is featured in many of his stories and those of other Cthulhu Mythos writers . Arkham House , a publishing company started by two of Lovecraft 's correspondents , August Derleth and Donald Wandrei , takes its name from this city as a tribute ."}]}, {'value': 'H.P . Lovecraft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/H.P._Lovecraft', 'summary': "Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( US : /ˈlʌvkræft/ ; August 20 , 1890 - March 15 , 1937 ) was an American writer of weird fiction and horror fiction , who is known for his creation of what became the Cthulhu Mythos . [ n 1 ] Born in Providence , Rhode Island , Lovecraft spent most of his life within New England . He was born into affluence , which ended with the death of his grandfather . In 1913 , he wrote a critical letter to a pulp magazine that ultimately led to his involvement in pulp fiction . During the interwar period , he wrote and published stories that focused on his interpretation of humanity 's place in the universe . In his view , humanity was an unimportant part of an uncaring cosmos that could be swept away at any moment . These stories also included fantastic elements that represented the perceived fragility of anthropocentrism . Lovecraft was at the center of a wider body of authors known as The Lovecraft Circle . This group wrote stories that frequently shared details between them . He was also a prolific writer of letters . He maintained a correspondence with several different authors and literary proteges . According to some estimates , he wrote approximately 100,000 letters over the course of his lifetime ."}]}, {'value': "H.P . Lovecraft 's work & Cthulhu Mythos", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/H.P._Lovecraft', 'summary': "Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( US : /ˈlʌvkræft/ ; August 20 , 1890 - March 15 , 1937 ) was an American writer of weird fiction and horror fiction , who is known for his creation of what became the Cthulhu Mythos . [ n 1 ] Born in Providence , Rhode Island , Lovecraft spent most of his life within New England . He was born into affluence , which ended with the death of his grandfather . In 1913 , he wrote a critical letter to a pulp magazine that ultimately led to his involvement in pulp fiction . During the interwar period , he wrote and published stories that focused on his interpretation of humanity 's place in the universe . In his view , humanity was an unimportant part of an uncaring cosmos that could be swept away at any moment . These stories also included fantastic elements that represented the perceived fragility of anthropocentrism . Lovecraft was at the center of a wider body of authors known as The Lovecraft Circle . This group wrote stories that frequently shared details between them . He was also a prolific writer of letters . He maintained a correspondence with several different authors and literary proteges . According to some estimates , he wrote approximately 100,000 letters over the course of his lifetime ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cthulhu_Mythos', 'summary': "The Cthulhu Mythos is a shared fictional universe , originating in the works of American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft . The term was coined by August Derleth , a contemporary correspondent and protégé of Lovecraft , to identify the settings , tropes , and lore that were employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors . The name Cthulhu derives from the central creature in Lovecraft 's seminal short story , The Call of Cthulhu , first published in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928 . Richard L. Tierney , a writer who also wrote Mythos tales , later applied the term Derleth Mythos to distinguish Lovecraft 's works from Derleth 's later stories , which modify key tenets of the Mythos . Authors of Lovecraftian horror in particular frequently use elements of the Cthulhu Mythos . : viii-ix"}]}, {'value': 'Avonlea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avonlea,_Prince_Edward_Island', 'summary': "Avonlea ( /ævɒnˈliː/ ; ah-von-LEE ) is a fictional community located on Prince Edward Island , Canada , and is the setting of Lucy Maud Montgomery 's novel Anne of Green Gables , following the adventures of Anne Shirley , as well as its sequels , and the television series Road to Avonlea . Montgomery drew much of her inspiration for Avonlea from her childhood experiences in the late 19th century farming communities surrounding Cavendish , New Glasgow , New London , Hunter River , and Park Corner . In Montgomery 's works , Avonlea is located on the northern shore of Prince Edward Island on a small peninsula . Its primary industries are farming and lobster fishing . [ citation needed ] Neighbouring fictional communities include Carmody , White Sands ( not to be confused with the modern White Sands , which is on the southern edge of PEI ) , Grafton , Bright River , Newbridge , and Spencervale ."}]}, {'value': 'Lucy Maud Montgomery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucy_Maud_Montgomery', 'summary': "Lucy Maud Montgomery OBE ( November 30 , 1874 - April 24 , 1942 ) , published as L. M. Montgomery , was a Canadian author best known for a series of novels beginning in 1908 with Anne of Green Gables . The book was an immediate success . Anne Shirley , an orphaned girl , made Montgomery famous in her lifetime and gave her an international following . The first novel was followed by a series of sequels with Anne as the central character . Montgomery went on to publish 20 novels as well as 530 short stories , 500 poems , and 30 essays . Most of the novels were set in Prince Edward Island , and locations within Canada 's smallest province became a literary landmark and popular tourist site - namely Green Gables farm , the genesis of Prince Edward Island National Park . She was made an officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1935 . Montgomery 's work , diaries and letters have been read and studied by scholars and readers worldwide ."}]}, {'value': 'Anne of Green Gables', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anne_of_Green_Gables', 'summary': "Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery ( published as L.M . Montgomery ) . Written for all ages , it has been considered a classic children 's novel since the mid-twentieth century . Set in the late 19th century , the novel recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley , an 11-year-old orphan girl , who is mistakenly sent to two middle-aged siblings , Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert , who had originally intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in the fictional town of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island , Canada . The novel recounts how Anne makes her way through life with the Cuthberts , in school , and within the town . Since its publication , Anne of Green Gables has been translated into at least 36 languages and has sold more than 50 million copies , making it one of the best selling books worldwide . [ citation needed ] The first in an anthology series , Montgomery wrote numerous sequels , and since her death , another sequel has been published , as well as an authorized prequel . The original book is taught to students around the world . The book has been adapted as films , made-for-television movies , and animated and live-action television series . Musicals and plays have also been created , with productions annually in Europe and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Barchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barchester', 'summary': 'Barsetshire is a fictional English county created by Anthony Trollope in the series of novels known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire . The county town and cathedral city is Barchester . Other towns in the novels include Silverbridge , Hogglestock and Greshamsbury .'}]}, {'value': 'Anthony Trollope', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Trollope', 'summary': "Anthony Trollope ( /ˈtrɒləp/ ; 24 April 1815 - 6 December 1882 ) was an English novelist of the Victorian era . Among his best-known works is a series of novels collectively known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire , which revolves around the imaginary county of Barsetshire . He also wrote novels on political , social , and gender issues , and other topical matters . Trollope 's literary reputation dipped somewhat during the last years of his life , but he had regained the esteem of critics by the mid-20th century ."}]}, {'value': 'Chronicles of Barsetshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chronicles_of_Barsetshire', 'summary': "The Chronicles of Barsetshire is a series of six novels by the English author Anthony Trollope , set in the fictional English county of Barsetshire and its cathedral town of Barchester . The novels concern the dealings of the clergy and the gentry , and the political , amatory , and social manœuvrings that go on among and between them . Of the six novels , the last was Trollope 's own favourite . Together , the series is regarded by many as Trollope 's finest work . It was continued into the twentieth century by Angela Thirkell ."}]}, {'value': 'Bayport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bayport_(The_Hardy_Boys)', 'summary': 'The Hardy Boys , Frank and Joe Hardy , are fictional characters who appear in several mystery series for children and teens . The series revolves around the teenagers who are amateur sleuths , solving cases that stumped their adult counterparts . The characters were created by American writer Edward Stratemeyer , the founder of book-packaging firm Stratemeyer Syndicate . The books themselves were written by several ghostwriters under the collective pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon . The Hardy Boys have evolved since their debut in 1927 . Beginning in 1959 , the books were extensively revised , partially to eliminate racial stereotypes . The books were also written in a simpler style to compete with television . A new Hardy Boys series , the Hardy Boys Casefiles , was created in 1987 , and featured murders , violence , and international espionage . The original Hardy Boys Mystery Stories series ended in 2005 . A new series , Undercover Brothers , was launched the same year , featuring updated versions of the characters who narrate their adventures in the first person . Undercover Brothers ended in 2012 and was replaced in 2013 by The Hardy Boys Adventures , also narrated in the first person . Through all these changes , the characters have remained popular ; the books sell more than a million copies annually , several new volumes are published each year , and the adventures have been translated into more than 25 languages .'}]}, {'value': 'Franklin W. Dixon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franklin_W._Dixon', 'summary': 'Franklin W. Dixon is the pen name used by a variety of different authors ( Charles Leslie McFarlane , a Canadian author , being the first ) who wrote The Hardy Boys novels for the Stratemeyer Syndicate ( now owned by Simon & Schuster ) as well as for the Ted Scott Flying Stories series published by Grosset & Dunlap .'}]}, {'value': 'The Hardy Boys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hardy_Boys', 'summary': 'The Hardy Boys , Frank and Joe Hardy , are fictional characters who appear in several mystery series for children and teens . The series revolves around the teenagers who are amateur sleuths , solving cases that stumped their adult counterparts . The characters were created by American writer Edward Stratemeyer , the founder of book-packaging firm Stratemeyer Syndicate . The books themselves were written by several ghostwriters under the collective pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon . The Hardy Boys have evolved since their debut in 1927 . Beginning in 1959 , the books were extensively revised , partially to eliminate racial stereotypes . The books were also written in a simpler style to compete with television . A new Hardy Boys series , the Hardy Boys Casefiles , was created in 1987 , and featured murders , violence , and international espionage . The original Hardy Boys Mystery Stories series ended in 2005 . A new series , Undercover Brothers , was launched the same year , featuring updated versions of the characters who narrate their adventures in the first person . Undercover Brothers ended in 2012 and was replaced in 2013 by The Hardy Boys Adventures , also narrated in the first person . Through all these changes , the characters have remained popular ; the books sell more than a million copies annually , several new volumes are published each year , and the adventures have been translated into more than 25 languages .'}]}, {'value': 'Bear Country', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stan and Jan Berenstain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_and_Jan_Berenstain', 'summary': "Stanley Melvin Berenstain ( September 29 , 1923 - November 26 , 2005 ) and Janice Marian Berenstain ( née Grant ; July 26 , 1923 - February 24 , 2012 ) were American writers and illustrators best known for creating the children 's book series The Berenstain Bears . Both Stan and Jan were born and raised in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Jan attended Radnor High School in Radnor , Pennsylvania . Stan was Jewish and Jan was Episcopalian . They were married for 59 years until Stan 's death in 2005 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Berenstain Bears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berenstain_Bears', 'summary': "The Berenstain Bears is a children 's literature franchise created by Stan and Jan Berenstain and continued by their son , Mike Berenstain , who assumed partial authorship in 2002 , and full authorship in 2012 following Jan 's death . The books feature a family of anthropomorphic grizzly bears who generally learn a moral or safety-related lesson in the course of each story . Since the 1962 debut of the first Berenstain Bears book , The Big Honey Hunt , the series has grown to over 300 titles , which have sold approximately 260 million copies in 23 languages . The Berenstain Bears franchise has also expanded well beyond the books , encompassing two television series and a wide variety of other products and licenses . While enjoying decades of popularity and receiving numerous awards , the series has been criticized for its perceived saccharine tone and formulaic storytelling ."}]}, {'value': 'Bibliopolis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Sharpe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Sharpe', 'summary': 'Thomas Ridley Sharpe ( 30 March 1928 - 6 June 2013 ) was an English satirical novelist , best known for his Wilt series , as well as Porterhouse Blue and Blott on the Landscape , which were both adapted for television .'}]}, {'value': 'The Great Pursuit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Great_Pursuit', 'summary': 'The Great Pursuit is a 1977 comic novel by Tom Sharpe . It is a satire encompassing commercialism in publishing and literary criticism .'}]}, {'value': 'Brackhampton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agatha Christie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agatha_Christie', 'summary': "Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie , Lady Mallowan , DBE ( née Miller ; 15 September 1890 - 12 January 1976 ) was an English writer known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections , particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple . She also wrote the world 's longest-running play The Mousetrap and six romances under the pen name Mary Westmacott . In 1971 , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) for her contribution to literature . Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay , Devon . She served in a Devon hospital during the First World War , tending to troops coming back from the trenches . She was initially an unsuccessful writer with six consecutive rejections , but this changed when The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published in 1920 featuring Hercule Poirot . During the Second World War , she worked as a pharmacy assistant at University College Hospital , London , acquiring a good knowledge of poisons which feature in many of her novels . Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling novelist of all time . Her novels have sold roughly 2 billion copies , and her estate claims that her works come third in the rankings of the world 's most-widely published books , behind only Shakespeare 's works and the Bible . According to Index Translationum , she remains the most-translated individual author , having been translated into at least 103 languages . And Then There Were None is Christie 's best-selling novel , with 100 million sales to date , making it the world 's best-selling mystery ever and one of the best-selling books of all time . Christie 's stage play The Mousetrap holds the world record for longest initial run ."}]}, {'value': 'Miss Marple series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Marple', 'summary': "Miss Marple is a fictional character in Agatha Christie 's crime novels and short stories . Jane Marple is an elderly spinster who lives in the village of St. Mary Mead and acts as an amateur consulting detective . She is one of the best known of Christie 's characters and has been portrayed numerous times on screen . Her first appearance was in a short story published in The Royal Magazine in December 1927 , The Tuesday Night Club , which later became the first chapter of The Thirteen Problems ( 1932 ) . Her first appearance in a full-length novel was in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930 and her last appearance was in Sleeping Murder in 1976 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)', 'summary': "Bree is a fictional village in J. R. R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth , east of the Shire . It was inspired by the Buckinghamshire village of Brill , which Tolkien visited regularly in his early years at Oxford , and his passion for linguistics ."}]}, {'value': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien', 'summary': "John Ronald Reuel Tolkien CBE FRSL ( /ruːl ˈtɒlkiːn/ ; [ a ] 3 January 1892 - 2 September 1973 ) was an English writer , poet , philologist , and academic , who authored the classic high fantasy works The Hobbit , The Lord of the Rings , and The Silmarillion . He served as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon and Fellow of Pembroke College , Oxford , from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton College , Oxford , from 1945 to 1959 . He was at one time a close friend of C. S. Lewis - they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as the Inklings . Tolkien was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972 . After Tolkien 's death , his son Christopher published a series of works based on his father 's extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts , including The Silmarillion . These , together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings , form a connected body of tales , poems , fictional histories , invented languages , and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda and Middle-earth [ b ] within it . Between 1951 and 1955 , Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings . While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien , the great success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings led directly to a popular resurgence of the genre . This has caused Tolkien to be popularly identified as the father of modern fantasy literature - or , more precisely , of high fantasy . In 2008 , The Times ranked him sixth on a list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 . Forbes ranked him the fifth top-earning dead celebrity in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings', 'summary': "The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien . The story began as a sequel to Tolkien 's 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit , but eventually developed into a much larger work . Written in stages between 1937 and 1949 , The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling novels ever written , with over 150 million copies sold . The title of the novel refers to the story 's main antagonist , the Dark Lord Sauron , [ a ] who had in an earlier age created the One Ring to rule the other Rings of Power as the ultimate weapon in his campaign to conquer and rule all of Middle-earth . From quiet beginnings in the Shire , a hobbit land not unlike the English countryside , the story ranges across Middle-earth , following the course of the War of the Ring through the eyes of its characters , most notably the hobbits Frodo , Sam , Merry and Pippin . Although generally known to readers as a trilogy , the work was initially intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set , the other to be The Silmarillion , but this idea was dismissed by his publisher . For economic reasons , The Lord of the Rings was published in three volumes over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955 . The three volumes were titled The Fellowship of the Ring , The Two Towers and The Return of the King . Structurally , the novel is divided internally into six books , two per volume , with several appendices of background material included at the end . Some editions combine the entire work into a single volume . The Lord of the Rings has since been reprinted numerous times and translated into 38 languages . Tolkien 's work has been the subject of extensive analysis of its themes and origins ."}]}, {'value': 'Castle Rock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castle_Rock_(Stephen_King)', 'summary': "Castle Rock is part of Stephen King 's fictional Maine topography and provides the setting for a number of his novels , novellas , and short stories . Castle Rock appeared first in King 's 1979 novel The Dead Zone and later in the novels IT ( 1986 ) , Doctor Sleep ( 2015 ) , and Revival ( 2014 ) as well as the novella Elevation ( 2018 ) . ( See list of works below . ) The town name is taken from the fictional mountain fort in William Golding 's 1954 novel Lord of the Flies . King , a native of Bangor , Maine , created a trinity of fictional Maine towns - Castle Rock , Derry and Jerusalem 's Lot - as central settings in more than one work ."}]}, {'value': 'Stephen King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_King', 'summary': 'Stephen Edwin King ( born September 21 , 1947 ) is an American author of horror , supernatural fiction , suspense , and fantasy novels . His books have sold more than 350 million copies , many of which have been adapted into feature films , miniseries , television series , and comic books . King has published 61 novels ( including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman ) and six non-fiction books . He has written approximately 200 short stories , most of which have been published in book collections . King has received Bram Stoker Awards , World Fantasy Awards , and British Fantasy Society Awards . In 2003 , the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters . He has also received awards for his contribution to literature for his entire oeuvre , such as the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement ( 2004 ) and the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America ( 2007 ) . In 2015 , King was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the United States National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature . He has been described as the King of Horror .'}]}, {'value': 'various novels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_King_bibliography', 'summary': 'The following is a complete list of books published by Stephen King , an American author of contemporary horror , suspense , science fiction , and fantasy . His books have sold more than 350 million copies , and many of them have been adapted into feature films , television movies and comic books . King has published 63 novels , including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman , and five non-fiction books . He has written over 200 short stories , most of which have been compiled in book collections . Many of his stories are set in his home state of Maine .'}]}, {'value': 'Cedar Cove', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cedar_Cove_(fictional_community)', 'summary': "Debbie Macomber ( born October 22 , 1948 in Yakima , Washington ) is an American author of romance novels and contemporary women 's fiction . Six of her novels have become made-for-TV movies and her Cedar Cove series of novel was adapted into the television series of the same name . Macomber was the inaugural winner of the fan-voted Quill Award for romance in 2005 and has been awarded both a RITA Award and a lifetime achievement award by the Romance Writers of America ."}]}, {'value': 'Debbie Macomber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Debbie_Macomber', 'summary': "Debbie Macomber ( born October 22 , 1948 in Yakima , Washington ) is an American author of romance novels and contemporary women 's fiction . Six of her novels have become made-for-TV movies and her Cedar Cove series of novel was adapted into the television series of the same name . Macomber was the inaugural winner of the fan-voted Quill Award for romance in 2005 and has been awarded both a RITA Award and a lifetime achievement award by the Romance Writers of America ."}]}, {'value': 'Cedar Cove and Rose Harbor series', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Chester 's Mill", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Under_the_Dome_(novel)', 'summary': "Under The Dome is a science fiction novel by American writer Stephen King , published in November 2009 . It is the 58th book published by Stephen King and it was his 48th novel . Set in and around a small Maine town , it tells an intricate , multi-character and point-of-view story of how the town 's inhabitants contend with the calamity of being suddenly cut off from the outside world by an impassable , invisible barrier that drops out of the sky , transforming the community into a domed city ."}]}, {'value': 'Stephen King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_King', 'summary': 'Stephen Edwin King ( born September 21 , 1947 ) is an American author of horror , supernatural fiction , suspense , and fantasy novels . His books have sold more than 350 million copies , many of which have been adapted into feature films , miniseries , television series , and comic books . King has published 61 novels ( including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman ) and six non-fiction books . He has written approximately 200 short stories , most of which have been published in book collections . King has received Bram Stoker Awards , World Fantasy Awards , and British Fantasy Society Awards . In 2003 , the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters . He has also received awards for his contribution to literature for his entire oeuvre , such as the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement ( 2004 ) and the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America ( 2007 ) . In 2015 , King was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the United States National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature . He has been described as the King of Horror .'}]}, {'value': 'Under the Dome', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Under_the_Dome_(novel)', 'summary': "Under The Dome is a science fiction novel by American writer Stephen King , published in November 2009 . It is the 58th book published by Stephen King and it was his 48th novel . Set in and around a small Maine town , it tells an intricate , multi-character and point-of-view story of how the town 's inhabitants contend with the calamity of being suddenly cut off from the outside world by an impassable , invisible barrier that drops out of the sky , transforming the community into a domed city ."}]}, {'value': 'Chipping Cleghorn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agatha Christie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agatha_Christie', 'summary': "Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie , Lady Mallowan , DBE ( née Miller ; 15 September 1890 - 12 January 1976 ) was an English writer known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections , particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple . She also wrote the world 's longest-running play The Mousetrap and six romances under the pen name Mary Westmacott . In 1971 , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) for her contribution to literature . Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay , Devon . She served in a Devon hospital during the First World War , tending to troops coming back from the trenches . She was initially an unsuccessful writer with six consecutive rejections , but this changed when The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published in 1920 featuring Hercule Poirot . During the Second World War , she worked as a pharmacy assistant at University College Hospital , London , acquiring a good knowledge of poisons which feature in many of her novels . Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling novelist of all time . Her novels have sold roughly 2 billion copies , and her estate claims that her works come third in the rankings of the world 's most-widely published books , behind only Shakespeare 's works and the Bible . According to Index Translationum , she remains the most-translated individual author , having been translated into at least 103 languages . And Then There Were None is Christie 's best-selling novel , with 100 million sales to date , making it the world 's best-selling mystery ever and one of the best-selling books of all time . Christie 's stage play The Mousetrap holds the world record for longest initial run ."}]}, {'value': 'Miss Marple series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Marple', 'summary': "Miss Marple is a fictional character in Agatha Christie 's crime novels and short stories . Jane Marple is an elderly spinster who lives in the village of St. Mary Mead and acts as an amateur consulting detective . She is one of the best known of Christie 's characters and has been portrayed numerous times on screen . Her first appearance was in a short story published in The Royal Magazine in December 1927 , The Tuesday Night Club , which later became the first chapter of The Thirteen Problems ( 1932 ) . Her first appearance in a full-length novel was in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930 and her last appearance was in Sleeping Murder in 1976 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cittàgazze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cittàgazze', 'summary': 'This article covers the fictional locations in the His Dark Materials trilogy and related works by Philip Pullman .'}]}, {'value': 'Philip Pullman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philip_Pullman', 'summary': "Sir Philip Pullman , CBE , FRSL ( born 19 October 1946 ) is an English novelist . He is the author of several best-selling books , including the fantasy trilogy His Dark Materials and the fictionalised biography of Jesus , The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ . In 2008 , The Times named Pullman one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945 . In a 2004 poll for the BBC , Pullman was named the eleventh most influential person in British culture . He was knighted in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to literature . Northern Lights , the first volume of Pullman 's His Dark Materials trilogy , won the 1995 Carnegie Medal from the Library Association , recognising the year 's outstanding English-language children 's book . For the 70th anniversary of the medal it was named one of the top ten winning works by a panel assembled to compose the ballot for a public election of the all-time favourite . It won the public vote from that shortlist and was thus named the all-time Carnegie of Carnegies in June 2007 . It was adapted as a film under the book 's US title , The Golden Compass . In 2003 , His Dark Materials trilogy was ranked third in the BBC 's The Big Read , a poll of the Top 200 novels voted by the British public ."}]}, {'value': 'His Dark Materials series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/His_Dark_Materials', 'summary': "His Dark Materials is a trilogy of fantasy novels by Philip Pullman consisting of Northern Lights ( 1995 ) ( published as The Golden Compass in North America ) , The Subtle Knife ( 1997 ) , and The Amber Spyglass ( 2000 ) . It follows the coming of age of two children , Lyra Belacqua and Will Parry , as they wander through a series of parallel universes . The novels have won a number of awards , including the Carnegie Medal in 1995 for Northern Lights and the 2001 Whitbread Book of the Year for The Amber Spyglass . In 2003 , the trilogy was ranked third on the BBCs The Big Read poll . Although His Dark Materials has been marketed as young adult fiction , Pullman wrote with no target audience in mind . The fantasy elements include witches and armoured polar bears ; the trilogy also alludes to concepts from physics , philosophy , and theology . It functions in part as a retelling and inversion of John Milton 's epic Paradise Lost , with Pullman commending humanity for what Milton saw as its most tragic failing , original sin . The series has attracted controversy for its criticism of religion . The London Royal National Theatre staged a two-part adaptation of the series in 2003-2004 . New Line Cinema released a film adaptation of Northern Lights , The Golden Compass , in 2007 . A BBC television series based on the novels commenced broadcast in November 2019 . Pullman followed the trilogy with two novellas set in the Northern Lights universe ; Lyra 's Oxford ( 2003 ) and Once Upon a Time in the North ( 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Clanton , Mississippi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clanton,_Mississippi', 'summary': "John Ray Grisham Jr. ( /ˈɡrɪʃəm/ ; born February 8 , 1955 ) is an American novelist , attorney , politician , and activist , best known for his popular legal thrillers . His books have been translated into 42 languages and published worldwide . Grisham graduated from Mississippi State University and received a J.D . degree from the University of Mississippi School of Law in 1981 . He practiced criminal law for about a decade and served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from January 1984 to September 1990 . His first novel , A Time to Kill , was published in June 1989 , four years after he began writing it . As of 2012 , his books had sold over 275 million copies worldwide . A Galaxy British Book Awards winner , Grisham is one of only three authors to sell two million copies on a first printing , the other two being Tom Clancy and J. K. Rowling . Grisham 's first bestseller , The Firm , sold more than seven million copies . The book was adapted into a 1993 feature film of the same name , starring Tom Cruise , and a 2012 TV series which continues the story ten years after the events of the film and novel . Eight of his other novels have also been adapted into films : The Chamber , The Client , A Painted House , The Pelican Brief , The Rainmaker , The Runaway Jury , Skipping Christmas , and A Time to Kill . Grisham 's latest book ( which is also his 40th published novel ) , The Guardians , explores the story of Cullen Post , a defense attorney and Episcopal priest , who works to overturn a wrongful conviction ."}]}, {'value': 'John Grisham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Grisham', 'summary': "John Ray Grisham Jr. ( /ˈɡrɪʃəm/ ; born February 8 , 1955 ) is an American novelist , attorney , politician , and activist , best known for his popular legal thrillers . His books have been translated into 42 languages and published worldwide . Grisham graduated from Mississippi State University and received a J.D . degree from the University of Mississippi School of Law in 1981 . He practiced criminal law for about a decade and served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from January 1984 to September 1990 . His first novel , A Time to Kill , was published in June 1989 , four years after he began writing it . As of 2012 , his books had sold over 275 million copies worldwide . A Galaxy British Book Awards winner , Grisham is one of only three authors to sell two million copies on a first printing , the other two being Tom Clancy and J. K. Rowling . Grisham 's first bestseller , The Firm , sold more than seven million copies . The book was adapted into a 1993 feature film of the same name , starring Tom Cruise , and a 2012 TV series which continues the story ten years after the events of the film and novel . Eight of his other novels have also been adapted into films : The Chamber , The Client , A Painted House , The Pelican Brief , The Rainmaker , The Runaway Jury , Skipping Christmas , and A Time to Kill . Grisham 's latest book ( which is also his 40th published novel ) , The Guardians , explores the story of Cullen Post , a defense attorney and Episcopal priest , who works to overturn a wrongful conviction ."}]}, {'value': 'A Time to Kill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Time_to_Kill_(Grisham_novel)', 'summary': "A Time to Kill is a 1989 legal thriller by John Grisham . It was Grisham 's first novel . The novel was rejected by many publishers before Wynwood Press eventually gave it a modest 5,000-copy printing . When Doubleday published The Firm , Wynwood released a trade paperback of A Time to Kill , which became a bestseller . Dell published the mass market paperback months after the success of The Firm , bringing Grisham to widespread popularity among readers . Doubleday eventually took over the contract for A Time to Kill and released a special hardcover edition . In 1996 , the novel was adapted into a namesake film , starring Sandra Bullock , Matthew McConaughey , and Samuel L. Jackson . In 2011 , it was further adapted into a namesake stage play by Rupert Holmes . The stage production opened at the Arena Stage in Washington , D.C. in May 2011 and opened on Broadway in October 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cleopolis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edmund Spenser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edmund_Spenser', 'summary': 'Edmund Spenser ( /ˈspɛnsər/ ; 1552/1553 - 13 January 1599 ) was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene , an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I . He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of nascent Modern English verse , and is often considered one of the greatest poets in the English language .'}]}, {'value': 'The Faerie Queene', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene', 'summary': "The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser . Books I-III were first published in 1590 , and then republished in 1596 together with books IV-VI . The Faerie Queene is notable for its form : it is one of the longest poems in the English language as well as the work in which Spenser invented the verse form known as the Spenserian stanza . On a literal level , the poem follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues , and though the text is primarily an allegorical work , it can be read on several levels of allegory , including as praise ( or , later , criticism ) of Queen Elizabeth I . In Spenser 's Letter of the Authors , he states that the entire epic poem is cloudily enwrapped in Allegorical devices , and the aim of publishing The Faerie Queene was to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle discipline . Spenser presented the first three books of The Faerie Queene to Elizabeth I in 1589 , probably sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh . The poem was a clear effort to gain court favour , and as a reward Elizabeth granted Spenser a pension for life amounting to £50 a year , though there is no further evidence that Elizabeth I ever read any of the poem . This royal patronage elevated the poem to a level of success that made it Spenser 's defining work ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'This is a list of fictional towns in literature .', 'uid': 'List_of_fictional_towns_in_literature_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of fictional towns in literature.'} | null | null | How many times have Academy Award nods been received by the person who wrote Wind On Fire ? | twice |
0b99d7c420e0e35b | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Baptist_churches', 'title': 'List of Baptist churches', 'header': ['Church', 'Dates', 'City , State'], 'data': [{'value': 'Baptist Temple', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baptist_Temple', 'summary': 'Baptist Temple is a historic Baptist church at 360 Schermerhorn Street in Brooklyn , New York . It was built in 1893-1894 in the Romanesque Revival style and rebuilt after a fire in 1917-1918 . It has a brownstone base and superstructure faced with subtly textured brick with brownstone trim . The building features a large rose window and three corner towers . It is a work of architects Weary & Kramer , and it is a work of Dodge & Morrison . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 . The historic pipe organ was undergoing a multi-year restoration at the time . It was seriously damaged in a three-alarm fire that broke out on July 7 , 2010 .'}]}, {'value': '1894 built ; 1995 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brooklyn , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York', 'summary': "Brooklyn ( /ˈbrʊklɪn/ ) is a borough of New York City , coterminous with Kings County , located in the U.S. state of New York , the most populous county in the state , and the second-most densely populated county in the United States . It is New York City 's most populous borough , with an estimated 2,504,700 residents in 2010 . Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen , it shares a land border with the borough of Queens at the western end of Long Island . Brooklyn has several bridge and tunnel connections to the borough of Manhattan across the East River , and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge connects it with Staten Island . With a land area of 70.82 square miles ( 183.4 km2 ) and water area of 26 square miles ( 67 km2 ) , Kings County is New York state 's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area , though it is the second-largest among the city 's five boroughs . If each borough were ranked as a city , Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous in the U.S. , after Los Angeles and Chicago . Brooklyn was an independent incorporated city ( and previously an authorized village and town within the provisions of the New York State Constitution ) until January 1 , 1898 , when , after a long political campaign and public relations battle during the 1890s , according to the new Municipal Charter of Greater New York , Brooklyn was consolidated with the other cities , boroughs , and counties to form the modern City of New York , surrounding the Upper New York Bay with five constituent boroughs . The borough continues , however , to maintain a distinct culture . Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves . Brooklyn 's official motto , displayed on the Borough seal and flag , is Eendraght Maeckt Maght , which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength . In the first decades of the 21st century , Brooklyn has experienced a renaissance as an avant-garde destination for hipsters , with concomitant gentrification , dramatic house price increases and a decrease in housing affordability . Since the 2010s , Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of entrepreneurship , high technology startup firms , postmodern art and design ."}]}, {'value': 'Greenwood Baptist Church ( Brooklyn , New York )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1900 built ; 2016 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brooklyn , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York', 'summary': "Brooklyn ( /ˈbrʊklɪn/ ) is a borough of New York City , coterminous with Kings County , located in the U.S. state of New York , the most populous county in the state , and the second-most densely populated county in the United States . It is New York City 's most populous borough , with an estimated 2,504,700 residents in 2010 . Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen , it shares a land border with the borough of Queens at the western end of Long Island . Brooklyn has several bridge and tunnel connections to the borough of Manhattan across the East River , and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge connects it with Staten Island . With a land area of 70.82 square miles ( 183.4 km2 ) and water area of 26 square miles ( 67 km2 ) , Kings County is New York state 's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area , though it is the second-largest among the city 's five boroughs . If each borough were ranked as a city , Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous in the U.S. , after Los Angeles and Chicago . Brooklyn was an independent incorporated city ( and previously an authorized village and town within the provisions of the New York State Constitution ) until January 1 , 1898 , when , after a long political campaign and public relations battle during the 1890s , according to the new Municipal Charter of Greater New York , Brooklyn was consolidated with the other cities , boroughs , and counties to form the modern City of New York , surrounding the Upper New York Bay with five constituent boroughs . The borough continues , however , to maintain a distinct culture . Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves . Brooklyn 's official motto , displayed on the Borough seal and flag , is Eendraght Maeckt Maght , which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength . In the first decades of the 21st century , Brooklyn has experienced a renaissance as an avant-garde destination for hipsters , with concomitant gentrification , dramatic house price increases and a decrease in housing affordability . Since the 2010s , Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of entrepreneurship , high technology startup firms , postmodern art and design ."}]}, {'value': 'Sand Lake Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sand_Lake_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'Sand Lake Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church at 2960 State Route 43 in Averill Park , Rensselaer County , New York . The church was built in 1805 and is a Federal period frame building . It is a rectangular , two-story , heavy wood frame building set on a stone foundation . The church has a gable roof and features a two-stage , semi-engaged Greek Revival style tower added in 1840 . The front facade features a Palladian window . Also on the property is a contributing parsonage ( 1846 ) and garage ( 1939 ) . The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 . As of May 2017 , Pastor Samuel Kupeyan served as pastor of the church .'}]}, {'value': '1805 built ; 2004 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Averill Park , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Averill_Park,_New_York', 'summary': 'Averill Park is a census-designated place in Rensselaer County , New York , United States . The population was 1,693 at the 2010 census . The community is named after the local Averill family . It is located within the town of Sand Lake on Route 43 . The community is south of Crystal Lake and east of the community of West Sand Lake . The Sand Lake Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wheatland Baptist Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wheatland_Baptist_Cemetery', 'summary': 'Wheatland Baptist Cemetery , also known as Belcoda Cemetery , is a historic cemetery located at Belcoda in the town of Wheatland in Monroe County , New York . It is the earliest cemetery in the town of Wheatland and contains the graves of many of the earliest settlers and prominent residents of the town . It contains stones that date from 1811 to the present , ranging from simple carved early stones to more elaborate mid- and late-Victorian monuments . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belcoda , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belcoda,_New_York', 'summary': 'Wheatland is a town in Monroe County , New York , United States . The population was 4,775 at the 2010 census . The town is home to Genesee Country Village and Museum .'}]}, {'value': 'Tremont Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tremont_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'Tremont Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at The Bronx , New York , New York . The church was built in two phases between 1904 and 1912 . It is a one-story building above a raised basement in the Late Gothic Revival style . It is 50 feet tall with a 75 foot tall offset corner tower . It is faced in gray marble , and features buttressed bays , pointed arch door and window openings , a high-pitched gable roof , and stained glass windows . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': '1904-1912 built ; 2009 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronx , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bronx,_New_York', 'summary': "The Bronx ( /brɒŋks/ ) is a borough of New York City , coterminous with Bronx County , in the U.S. state of New York , the third-most densely populated county in the United States . It is south of Westchester County ; northeast and east of Manhattan , across the Harlem River ; and north of Queens , across the East River . The Bronx has a land area of 42 square miles ( 109 km2 ) and a population of 1,432,132 in 2018 . Of the five boroughs , it has the fourth-largest area , fourth-highest population , and third-highest population density . It is the only borough predominantly on the U.S. mainland . If each borough were ranked as a city , the Bronx would rank as the eighth-most populous in the U.S . The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west , and a flatter eastern section . East and west street names are divided by Jerome Avenue . The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874 , and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895 . Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914 . About a quarter of the Bronx 's area is open space , including Woodlawn Cemetery , Van Cortlandt Park , Pelham Bay Park , the New York Botanical Garden , and the Bronx Zoo in the borough 's north and center . These open spaces are situated primarily on land deliberately reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north and east from Manhattan ."}]}, {'value': 'Macedonia Baptist Church ( Buffalo , New York )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macedonia_Baptist_Church_(Buffalo,_New_York)', 'summary': 'Macedonia Baptist Church , more commonly known as Michigan Street Baptist Church , is a historic African American Baptist church located at Buffalo in Erie County , New York . It is a brick church constructed in 1845 . Rev . J. Edward Nash ( 1868-1957 ) served the congregation from 1892 to 1953 . His home , the Rev . J. Edward Nash , Sr. House , is located nearby .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York', 'summary': "Buffalo is the second largest city in the U.S. state of New York and the largest city in Western New York . As of 2018 [ update ] , the population was 256,304 . The city is the county seat of Erie County and a major gateway for commerce and travel across the Canada-United States border , forming part of the bi-national Buffalo Niagara Region . As of the April 1 , 2010 , the metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) had a population of 1,135,509 ; the combined statistical area ( CSA ) , which adds Cattaraugus County , had a population of 1,215,826 inhabitants . The Buffalo area was inhabited before the 17th century by the Native American Iroquois tribe and later by French colonizers . The city grew significantly in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of immigration , the construction of the Erie Canal and rail transportation , and its close proximity to Lake Erie . This growth provided an abundance of fresh water and an ample trade route to the Midwestern United States while grooming its economy for the grain , steel and automobile industries that dominated the city 's economy in the 20th century . Since the city 's economy relied heavily on manufacturing , deindustrialization in the latter half of the 20th century led to a steady decline in population . While some manufacturing activity remains , Buffalo 's economy has transitioned to service industries with a greater emphasis on healthcare , research and higher education , which emerged following the Great Recession . Buffalo is on the eastern shore of Lake Erie , at the head of the Niagara River , 16 miles ( 26 km ) south of Niagara Falls . Its early embrace of electric power led to the nickname The City of Light . The city is also famous for its urban planning and layout by Joseph Ellicott , an extensive system of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted , as well as significant architectural works ."}]}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Camillus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_of_Camillus', 'summary': 'The First Baptist Church of Camillus is a historic Baptist church located at 23 Genesee Street in the Village of Camillus , Onondaga County , New York . It is credited to architect Archimedes Russell and built in 1879-1880 . It is a brick church building consisting of a rectangular nave with a steeply pitched gable roof , corner bell tower and steeple , and a hip roofed church hall at the rear . The Camillus Baptist Church was organized in 1804.:5 It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Camillus , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camillus,_New_York', 'summary': 'Camillus is a town in Onondaga County , New York , United States . The population was 24,167 at the 2010 census . The Town of Camillus is west of Syracuse . There is also a village named Camillus in the town . Much of the town is a western suburb of Syracuse .'}]}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church and Cook Memorial Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_and_Cook_Memorial_Building', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church and Cook Memorial Building is a historic Baptist church located at Carthage in Jefferson County , New York . The church was built in 1885 and is a vernacular Gothic / Romanesque Revival-style edifice . It is of brick with stone trim and features asymmetrical massing , a multi-story bell tower , broad cross gables , corbelled brick cornices , stone-capped brick buttresses , and lencet-arched stained glass windows . The Cook Memorial Building dates to the 1860s-1870s and is a two-story brick dwelling with a variety of Italianate style and late Victorian eclectic features . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carthage , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carthage,_New_York', 'summary': 'Carthage is a village located in the town of Wilna in Jefferson County , New York , United States . The population was 3,747 at the 2010 census . The village is named after the historic city of Carthage in Tunisia . The village of Carthage is along the southern border of the town of Wilna and is east of Watertown .'}]}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church ( Charleston , New York )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Charleston,_New_York)', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church on Polin Road in Charleston , Montgomery County , New York . It is believed to have been built in the 1820s and remodeled during the 1860s . It is a rural vernacular wood-frame church executed in the late Federal / early Greek Revival style . The \u200b1 1⁄2-story , heavy timber-framed structure features a square , hip-roofed bell tower . Also on the property are a cemetery , dry-laid stone wall , and receiving vault . The majority of the burials date to the early 19th century , since the church had been organized about 1793 . The Charleston Historical Society acquired the property in 1978 . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charleston , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charleston,_New_York', 'summary': 'Charleston is a town in Montgomery County , New York , United States . The population was 1,373 at the 2010 census . The town was named for Charles Van Epps , an early settler . The Town of Charleston is on the south border of the county and is southwest of the City of Amsterdam . Charleston is the only town in the county not bordering the Mohawk River .'}]}, {'value': 'Clifton Park Center Baptist Church and Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clifton_Park_Center_Baptist_Church_and_Cemetery', 'summary': 'Clifton Park Center Baptist Church and Cemetery is a historic Baptist church and cemetery at 713 Clifton Park Center Road in Clifton Park Center , Saratoga County , New York . It was built in 1837 and is a rectangular , gable-roofed brick church in a vernacular Greek Revival style . The adjacent cemetery is surrounded by a cast and wrought iron picket fence and gate . There are approximately 350 burials . The congregation was established about 1794 and the cemetery about 1801 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clifton Park Center , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clifton_Park_Center,_New_York', 'summary': 'Clifton Park is a suburban town in Saratoga County , New York , United States . According to the United States Census Bureau , the 2010 population was 36,705 . The name is derived from an early land patent . The town is in the south part of the county and is located approximately 12 miles ( 19 km ) north of Albany , 7 miles ( 11 km ) northeast of Schenectady , and 10 miles ( 16 km ) south of Saratoga Springs .'}]}, {'value': 'Delphi Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delphi_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'The Delphi Baptist Church , also known as Delphi Falls United Church , is a historic Baptist church located at Delphi Falls , New York , Onondaga County , New York . It was built in 1815 and is the only surviving nearly-original church in Onondaga County surviving from the Federal period . A very large , old , and well-lit church , it features large twenty over twenty sash windows , consisting of 20 glass panes in each of upper and lower sashes . It listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 24 , 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delphi Falls , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delphi_Falls,_New_York', 'summary': 'Delphi Falls , New York is a hamlet in the town of Pompey , Onondaga County , New York . There is a current population of 992 . It was a prosperous town in the early 19th century . Businesses included a cheese factory , an evaporated milk production facility and a tannery . Union Major General Henry Warner Slocum ( 1827-1894 ) , an 1852 graduate of the United States Military Academy , and Civil War corps commander , was born near Delphi Falls . The Delphi Falls is located southeast of the hamlet . One actually has to cross over into Madison County . Delphi is rich in small water falls dotting the western side of the valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Seventh Day Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seventh_Day_Baptist_Church_(DeRuyter,_New_York)', 'summary': 'Seventh Day Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at DeRuyter , Madison County , New York . It was built about 1835 and is a two-story , rectangular frame meeting house , sheathed in clapboard and with a gable roof . It features a small projecting pavilion on the front facade and a multi-stage centered steeple . The church membership decided to close in 1991 and the building was deconsecrated in 2000 . The building was subsequently acquired by the Tromptown Historical Society . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DeRuyter , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DeRuyter,_New_York', 'summary': 'DeRuyter /dəˈraɪtər/ is a town in Madison County , New York , United States . The population was 1,589 at the 2010 census . The town is named after Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter a famous admiral in the Dutch navy . The name de Ruyter ( de Ruijter ) means the Rider . The Town of DeRuyter has a village in it called DeRuyter . The town is in the southwest corner of the county . An early settler was Elijah Cornell , father of Ezra Cornell , founder of Western Union and Cornell University .'}]}, {'value': 'Duanesburg-Florida Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duanesburg-Florida_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'Duanesburg-Florida Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church on NY 30 in Duanesburg , Schenectady County , New York . It was built between 1868 and 1869 and is a three-by-four-bay frame building with a gable roof in a vernacular Greek Revival style . It features an engaged central square tower with a pyramidal roof erected as part of the front facade in 1891 . Also on the property is a contributing church hall dated to about 1913 . The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duanesburg , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duanesburg,_New_York', 'summary': 'Duanesburg is a town in Schenectady County , New York , United States . The population was 6,122 at the 2010 census . Duanesburg is named for James Duane , who held most of it as an original land grant . The town is in the western part of the county .'}]}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Fairport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_of_Fairport', 'summary': 'The First Baptist Church of Fairport is a historic Baptist church located at 94 South Main Street at Church Street in Fairport , Monroe County , New York . It was built in 1876 , and is a 2 1/2-story , cruciform plan , High Victorian Gothic church . It is constructed of brick and rests on a Medina sandstone foundation . It has a large square corner tower topped by a tall narrow spire . It features ornamental stone trim , a steeply pitched gray slate roof , and 72 original stained , leaded glass windows . :5 In 2006 a national drugstore tried to buy the land but , in response to adverse local reactions including a concert held by local youth musicians , money was raised to help repair the church instead . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairport , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairport,_New_York', 'summary': 'Fairport is a village located in the Town of Perinton , which is part of Monroe County , New York . Fairport is a suburb 9 miles ( 14 km ) east of Rochester . It is also known as the Crown Jewel of the Erie Canal . In 2005 it was named as one of the Best Places to Live by Money Magazine . The population of the Village of Fairport is 5,353 as of the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Fenner Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fenner_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'Fenner Baptist Church , also known as Fenner Community Church , is a historic Baptist church at 3122 Bingley Road in Fenner , New York . The original section of the church was built in 1820-1821 and is a 40 by 50 feet ( 12 by 15 m ) and is a heavy hand-hewn , timber frame structure . In the 1870s , the building was expanded by 10 feet ( 3.0 m ) and acquired an overlay of Second Empire stylistic elements . The resultant building is three bays wide and four bays deep , with a gable roof and engaged , projecting central tower . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fenner , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fenner,_New_York', 'summary': 'Fenner is a town in Madison County , New York , United States . The population was 1,726 at the 2010 census . The Town of Fenner is in the north-central part of the county . The town is east of Cazenovia Lake .'}]}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church ( Geneva , New York )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Geneva,_New_York)', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at Geneva in Ontario County , New York . The church was constructed in 1893-1894 and is an example of Romanesque Revival style . Constructed of brick with limestone accents , the main block is surmounted by a profusion of tower , turrets , and cross gables . The front facade is flanked by two massive square towers . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geneva,_New_York', 'summary': 'Geneva is a city in Ontario and Seneca counties in the U.S. state of New York . It is at the northern end of Seneca Lake ; all land portions of the city are within Ontario County ; the water portions are in Seneca County . The population was 13,261 at the 2010 census . The city is supposedly named after the city and canton of Geneva in Switzerland . The main settlement of the Seneca was spelled Zoneshio by early white settlers , and was described as being 2 miles north of Seneca Lake . The city borders and was once ( the portion in Ontario County ) part of the Town of Geneva . The city identifies as the Lake Trout Capital of the World .'}]}, {'value': 'Old School Baptist Church of Halcottsville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_School_Baptist_Church_of_Halcottsville', 'summary': 'Old School Baptist Church of Halcottsville is a historic Baptist church building on Old NY 30 in Halcottsville , Delaware County , New York . It is a one-story , wood frame building constructed in 1886 by Eld . Isaac Hewitt as a branch of the Second Old School Baptist Church of Roxbury . The interior features a traditional meeting house plan . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halcottsville , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halcottsville,_New_York', 'summary': 'Halcottsville is a hamlet in the town of Middletown , Delaware County , New York , United States , on the south shore of Wawaka Lake . It was named for John Halcott ( 1758-1831 ) , a Revolutionary War soldier from Delaware County . He resided with his son Thomas in Halcottsville until his demise . Halcottsville is located on the East Branch Delaware River and New York State Route 30 5.6 miles ( 9.0 km ) northeast of Margaretville . Halcottsville has a post office with ZIP code 12438 . The hamlet has a stop on the excursion Delaware & Ulster Railroad which originates in nearby Arkville and extends north to the village of Roxbury . The Kelly Round Barn and Old School Baptist Church of Halcottsville are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Hartford Baptist Church and Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hartford_Baptist_Church_and_Cemetery', 'summary': "The Hartford Baptist Church is located on Main Street ( Washington County Route 23 ) in Hartford , New York , United States . It is a brick church with tall wooden bell tower built in the late 19th century on the same site as the congregation 's original 1789 church on land deeded to it by Dewitt Clinton , the fourth of its churches to occupy the site . Designed by Philadelphia architect Benjamin Price , it is the only Victorian Gothic church in the town , and one of a few in the county . Next to the church is a cemetery with almost two centuries of graves , including those of early Hartford settlers and some Revolutionary War veterans . Its members were active in a number of 19th century social causes . They passed anti-Masonic resolutions in the 1820s and 1830s , recruited local soldiers into the Union Army out of fervent abolitionism and later suffered the burning of their third church due to their advocacy of temperance and support for local dry laws . In 2004 the church and cemetery were added to the National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hartford , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hartford,_New_York', 'summary': 'Hartford is a town centrally located in Washington County , New York , United States . It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area . The town population was 2,279 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': "St. Mark 's Baptist Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._Mark's_Baptist_Church", 'summary': "St. Mark 's Baptist Church , formerly known as Methodist Episcopal Church of Highland Falls , is a historic Baptist church located in the village of Highland Falls , Orange County , New York . It was completed in 1900 and is a modestly scaled , one-story frame building on a limestone ashlar foundation . It features a corner steeple with buttressed corners , open belfry , and windows in the Gothic Revival style . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Village of Highland Falls , New York', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Interlaken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_of_Interlaken', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church of Interlaken is a historic Baptist church located at Interlaken in Seneca County , New York . It was constructed in 1861 and is a brick and stone church with a vernacular Romanesque Revival style and decorative features . It features two irregular corner towers that convey an overall asymmetry to the edifice . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Interlaken , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Interlaken,_New_York', 'summary': "Interlaken is a village in Seneca County , New York , United States . The population was 602 at the 2010 census . The name is related to the village 's position between two lakes . The Village of Interlaken is in the northern part of the Town of Covert and is northwest of Ithaca , New York ."}]}], 'section_title': 'United States -- New York', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Baptist_churches_29', 'intro': 'This is a list of Baptist churches that are notable either as congregations or as buildings. The Baptist churches here are descended from the English dissenters who broke out Baptist church from other Protestant churches in Britain in the 1700s. There is an alternative view, that earlier Anabaptist churches started the Baptist church, but this list-article does not include those. (See List of Anabaptist churches).'} | null | null | In what year was the church in Carthage built ? | 1885 |
0b9a2babf62417f6 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Buffalo,_New_York', 'title': 'Media in Buffalo, New York', 'header': ['OTA DTV channel ( Virtual Channel )', 'Call sign', 'Network', 'Owner', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '33 ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WGRZ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WGRZ', 'summary': "WGRZ , virtual channel 2 ( UHF digital channel 33 ) , is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by Tegna Inc. WGRZ 's studios are located on Delaware Avenue in downtown Buffalo , and its transmitter is located on Warner Hill Road in South Wales , New York ."}]}, {'value': 'NBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBC', 'summary': "The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at 10 Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and Philadelphia ( at the Comcast Technology Center ) . The network is one of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , introduced in 1956 to promote the company 's innovations in early color broadcasting . It became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric ( GE ) . In 1932 , GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges . In 1986 , control of NBC passed back to General Electric ( GE ) through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . GE immediately began to liquidate RCA 's various divisions , but retained NBC . Following the acquisition by GE , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal ."}]}, {'value': 'Tegna , Inc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tegna,_Inc.', 'summary': "Tegna Inc. ( stylized as TEGNA ) is an American publicly traded broadcast , digital media and marketing services company headquartered in Tysons , Virginia . It was created on June 29 , 2015 , when the Gannett Company split into two publicly traded companies . Tegna comprised the more profitable broadcast television and digital media divisions of the old Gannett , while Gannett 's publishing interests were spun off as a new company that retained the Gannett name . Tegna owns or operates 66 television stations in 54 markets , is the largest group owner of stations affiliated with NBC and CBS , the fourth-largest group owner of stations affiliated with ABC ( after Sinclair Broadcast Group , E. W. Scripps Company , and Hearst Television ) , and holds properties in digital media ."}]}, {'value': 'Antenna TV on DT2 , Justice Network on DT3 , Quest on DT4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antenna_TV', 'summary': "Antenna TV is an American digital multicast television network that is owned by Nexstar Media Group . The network 's programming consists of classic television series from the 1950s to the early 2000s , most of which are sourced from the content library of Sony Pictures Entertainment , along with a selection of series from Universal Studios , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Carson Entertainment . Antenna TV 's programming and advertising operations are headquartered in the Tribune Tower in Chicago , Illinois . The network 's operations are overseen by Sean Compton , who serves as the president of strategic programming and acquisitions for Nexstar Media Group . The network is available in many media markets via the digital subchannels of over-the-air broadcast television stations , and on select cable television providers , such as Xfinity and Verizon Fios through a local affiliate of the network and IPTV . Antenna TV broadcasts 24 hours a day in 480i standard definition . It is a sister network to the movie-oriented multicast service This TV , in which Nexstar maintains a 50% ownership stake ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Justice_Network', 'summary': 'Justice Network is an American digital multicast television network that is operated by Justice Network , LLC , a limited liability company , which is owned by Tegna Inc . The network specializes in true crime , investigation and forensic science documentary programming aimed at adults - with a skew toward females - between the ages of 25 and 54 . The network , which broadcasts in 480i standard definition , is available in several large and mid-sized markets via digital subchannel affiliations with broadcast television stations , along with carriage of Justice Network-affiliated subchannels on cable television providers in most of its market coverage via existing carriage agreements for local broadcast stations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Quest_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'Quest is an American digital multicast television network that is owned by Tegna Inc . The network specializes in travel , historical , science , and adventure-focused documentary and reality series aimed at adults between the ages of 25 and 54 . The network , which broadcasts in 480i standard definition , is available in several large and mid-sized markets via digital subchannel affiliations with broadcast television stations . Stations have the option of placing their Quest-affiliated subchannels on cable television providers serving their market ( via existing carriage agreements for local broadcast stations ) to provide additional local coverage .'}]}, {'value': '32 ( 4 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WIVB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WIVB-TV', 'summary': "WIVB-TV , virtual channel 4 ( UHF digital channel 36 ) , is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group , as part of a duopoly with CW affiliate WNLO ( channel 23 ) . The two stations share studios on Elmwood Avenue in North Buffalo and transmitter facilities in Colden , New York . However , master control and some internal operations are based at Springfield , Massachusetts-licensed Nexstar sister station and NBC affiliate WWLP 's studios in Chicopee ."}]}, {'value': 'CBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CBS', 'summary': "CBS ( an initialism of the network 's former name , the Columbia Broadcasting System ) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network that is the flagship property of the CBS Entertainment Group division of ViacomCBS . The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City ( at the CBS Broadcast Center ) and Los Angeles ( at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center ) . CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network , in reference to the company 's trademark symbol , in use since 1951 . It has also been called the Tiffany Network , alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley . It can also refer to some of CBS 's first demonstrations of color television , which were held in a former Tiffany & Co. building in New York City in 1950 . The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. , a collection of 16 radio stations purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System . Under Paley 's guidance , CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States , and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks . In 1974 CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS , Inc . The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1995 , renamed its corporate entity to the current CBS Broadcasting , Inc. in 1997 , and eventually adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation . In 2000 CBS came under the control of the first Viacom , which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971 . In late 2005 , Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through the spin-off of its broadcast television , radio , and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets , with the CBS television network at its core . CBS Corporation was controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements , which also controlled the second Viacom until December 4 , 2019 , when the two separated companies agreed to re-merge to become the new single entity known as ViacomCBS ."}]}, {'value': 'Nexstar Media Group', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group', 'summary': 'Nexstar Media Group , Inc. is a publicly traded American telecommunications company with headquarter offices in Irving , Texas , New York City , and Chicago . The company is the largest television station owner in the United States , owning 197 television stations across the U.S. , most of which are affiliates with the four major U.S. television networks located in small to medium-sized markets . It also operates all of the stations owned by an affiliated company , Mission Broadcasting , under local marketing agreements .'}]}, {'value': 'Court TV on DT2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Court_TV', 'summary': 'Court TV is a digital broadcast network and former American cable television channel . It was originally launched in 1991 with a focus on crime-themed programs such as true crime documentary series , legal dramas , and coverage of prominent criminal cases . In 2008 , the original cable channel became TruTV . The channel relaunched on May 8 , 2019 as a digital broadcast television network that is owned by Katz Broadcasting , a subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company .'}]}, {'value': '38 ( 7 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WKBW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WKBW-TV', 'summary': "WKBW-TV , virtual channel 7 ( UHF digital channel 38 ) , is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company . WKBW-TV 's studios are located at 7 Broadcast Plaza in downtown Buffalo , and its transmitter is located on Center Street in Colden . It is one of many local Buffalo television stations that are available over-the-air and on cable television in Canada , particularly in Southern Ontario . For many years , it was carried via microwave to cable systems in such areas as Corning and Horseheads ; this ended when WENY-TV signed on as the ABC affiliate for the Elmira market ."}]}, {'value': 'ABC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) is an American commercial broadcast radio and television network owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . The network is headquartered in Burbank , California , on Riverside Drive , directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E. Disney Animation Building . The network 's secondary offices , and headquarters of its news division , is in New York City , at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan . Since 2007 , when ABC Radio ( also known as Cumulus Media Networks ) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting , ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television . It is the fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world and the youngest of the Big Three television networks . ABC is nicknamed The Alphabet Network , as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet , in order . ABC launched as a radio network on October 12 , 1943 , serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . In the mid-1950s , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . In the 1980s , after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's corporate parent , American Broadcasting Companies , Inc. , merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In 1996 , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company ."}]}, {'value': 'E. W. Scripps Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/E._W._Scripps_Company', 'summary': 'The E. W. Scripps Company is an American broadcasting company founded in 1878 as a chain of daily newspapers by Edward Willis E. W. Scripps . It was also formerly a media conglomerate . The company is headquartered inside the Scripps Center in Cincinnati , Ohio . Its corporate motto is Give light and the people will find their own way .'}]}, {'value': 'Laff on DT2 , Escape on DT3 , Grit on DT4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'Laff ( legal name : Laff Media , LLC ) is an American digital multicast television network that is owned by the Katz Broadcasting subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company . The network specializes in comedy programming , featuring a mix of feature films and archived sitcoms . Laff is targeted at adults between the ages of 18 and 49 years old . Originally , Katz sold the network to affiliated TV stations via ad split but by October 2015 had moved to carriage fees , with the network retaining all of the ad inventory . There was also an overall increase in inventory with stations adding third or fourth subchannels.1 Laff used direct response advertising as a meter of viewers before switching to Nielsen rating C-3 in late 2015.3'}, {'url': '/wiki/Escape_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'Court TV Mystery ( formerly Escape , stylized as ESCAPE ) is an American free-to-air television network owned by the Katz Broadcasting subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company . It focuses primarily on mystery and crime programming . It is available in several media markets via the digital subchannels of terrestrial television stations and on the digital tiers of select cable providers through a local affiliate of the network . It mainly competes with digital multicast networks such as Ion Television , This TV , Movies ! , and getTV .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)', 'summary': "Grit is an American free-to-air television network that is owned by the Katz Broadcasting subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company . The network features classic TV series and feature films targeted at men between the ages of 25 and 55 years old . The network is available in many media markets via the digital subchannels of free-to-air television stations and on the digital tiers of select cable providers through a local affiliate of the network . Originally , Katz sold the network to affiliated TV stations via ad split but by October 2015 had moved to paying carriage fees in exchange for distributing the network 's ad inventory.1 Grit used direct response advertising as a meter of viewers before switching to Nielsen rating C-3.3 It is available on Dish Network channel 217 ."}]}, {'value': '15 ( 15 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WBNF-CD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WBNF-CD', 'summary': "WNYB , virtual channel 26 ( VHF digital channel 5 ) , is a TCT owned-and-operated television station serving Buffalo , New York , United States that is licensed to Jamestown . The station is owned by Tri-State Christian Television . WNYB 's transmitter is located on Center Road in Arkwright . The station maintained studios on Big Tree Road in Orchard Park until TCT ended local operations in June 2018 . WNYB operates two low-powered translators : WBNF-CD ( channel 15 ) in Buffalo and WNIB-LD ( channel 42 ) in Rochester . On cable , WNYB is available on Charter Spectrum channel 23 in Buffalo ( CW affiliate WNLO , which broadcasts over the air on virtual channel 23 , is instead carried on cable channel 11 ) , or channel 12 in the suburbs ."}]}, {'value': 'TCT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television', 'summary': "Tri-State Christian Television , doing business as TCT Network and TCT Ministries , is a network of ten religious television stations and their repeaters , mainly in the Midwest . TCT Network provides a mix of original talk show programming such as TCT Today , TCT Alive and Come On In , along with a children-oriented programming block made by the network branded as TCT Kids ( used to meet E/I mandates ) , some Southern gospel music programming , traditional televangelism ( which makes up the majority of the network 's program lineup ) and feature films with Christian themes ; films were a recent addition to the network 's lineup , only being added in the mid-2010s . There is also an international service , TCT World , now broadcasting in over 170 nations , which covers every continent except South America and Antarctica . TCT World 's schedule is also around-the-clock . TCT World , like their three over-the-air television feeds , can also be viewed online via their live streaming video feed on their website www.tct.tv archived videos of recent TCT Today and TCT Alive programs are available for viewing on their website . TCT is also available on DirecTV on channel 377 , and on Sky Angel channel 133 . The network was founded in May 1977 by Garth and Tina Coonce , who are still both involved in TCT today , as well as hosts of their flagship program , which , is TCT Today . From the mid-1980s to 2007 , TCT was an affiliate of the Trinity Broadcasting Network . The network currently maintains a relationship with the Christian Broadcasting Network , airing that network 's flagship program The 700 Club twice daily as well as CBN 's nightly newscast . From 2011 to 2013 , TCT operated a Spanish-language subchannel which was available both on line and over the air on TCT stations called La Fuente . This subchannel was ultimately discontinued , but reactivated in August 2014 for a simulcast of the Aramaic Broadcast Network . It was discontinued no later than 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'LocusPoint Networks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LocusPoint_Networks', 'summary': "LocusPoint Networks LLC was the owner of television stations in the United States . The company is 99% owned by The Blackstone Group . After selling off most of their in 2017 and 2018 in the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) spectrum auction and to other broadcasters , they owned one remaining station , WLEP-LD in Erie , Pennsylvania , whose license they turned in to the FCC effective February 12 , 2019 . One of the company 's acquisitions , WMGM-TV , was rumored to have been purchased only to be sold in a spectrum auction in 2015 . When the FCC auction finally occurred LocusPoint failed to successfully win a bid to sell the station 's spectrum to the FCC . On June 26 , 2017 , LocusPoint Networks agreed to sell WMGM-TV to Univision Communications , through its Univision Local Media subsidiary , for $ 6 million . The deal will make WMGM-TV a sister station to WUVP-DT and WFPA-CD . In April 12 , 2017 , LocusPoint Networks , hired by the San Mateo Community College District to sell KCSM-TV in the spectrum auction , claimed fiscal mismanagement by school officials and administrators to fulfill their basic duties to facilitate the sale properly . The station was to be sold in the auction due to the college 's $ 1 million annual losses . In turn , the District has counter-sued LocusPoint and its partner , PricewaterhouseCoopers , for failure to enter KCSM-TV into the FCC auction . On April 13 , 2017 , the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) announced that LocusPoint 's WLPH-CD and WQVC-CD were successful bidders in the spectrum auction . WLPH-CD , which had already been silent since LocusPoint acquired it in 2014 , would be surrendering its license in exchange for $ 3,994,492 and WQVC-CD would be surrendering its license in exchange for $ 11,196,327 ."}]}, {'value': 'Translator of WNYB / Jamestown . Light TV on DT3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WNYB', 'summary': "WNYB , virtual channel 26 ( VHF digital channel 5 ) , is a TCT owned-and-operated television station serving Buffalo , New York , United States that is licensed to Jamestown . The station is owned by Tri-State Christian Television . WNYB 's transmitter is located on Center Road in Arkwright . The station maintained studios on Big Tree Road in Orchard Park until TCT ended local operations in June 2018 . WNYB operates two low-powered translators : WBNF-CD ( channel 15 ) in Buffalo and WNIB-LD ( channel 42 ) in Rochester . On cable , WNYB is available on Charter Spectrum channel 23 in Buffalo ( CW affiliate WNLO , which broadcasts over the air on virtual channel 23 , is instead carried on cable channel 11 ) , or channel 12 in the suburbs ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York', 'summary': 'Jamestown is a city in southern Chautauqua County , New York , United States . The population was 31,146 at the 2010 census and was estimated at 29,591 in 2017 . Situated between Lake Erie to the northwest and the Allegheny National Forest to the south , Jamestown is the largest population center in the county . Nearby Chautauqua Lake is a freshwater resource used by fishermen , boaters and naturalists . Notable people from Jamestown include comedian Lucille Ball , U.S. Supreme Court justice and Nuremberg chief prosecutor Robert H. Jackson , naturalist Roger Tory Peterson , singer Natalie Merchant , and NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell . Products developed in Jamestown include the crescent wrench and automatic voting machines . Jamestown was once called the Furniture Capital of the World where people visited from all over the country to attend furniture expositions at the Furniture Mart , a building that still stands in the city and houses offices for a variety of companies .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Light_TV', 'summary': 'Light TV ( styled LIGHTtv ) is an American digital broadcast television network owned by MGM Television that launched on December 22 , 2016 . The network features family-friendly and faith-based entertainment programming . Light TV is headed by the husband-and-wife team of Mark Burnett and Roma Downey . Burnett is the CEO of MGM TV , while Downey is an actress who starred in Touched by an Angel . Both Burnett and Downey consider themselves deeply religious ; it is the third marriage for both of them . The pair have teamed in the past to produce several religious and family-oriented projects through the MGM subsidiary Downey leads , Lightworkers Media .'}]}, {'value': '43 ( 17 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WNED', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WNED-TV', 'summary': "WNED-TV , virtual channel 17 ( UHF digital channel 43 ) , is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) member television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . Owned by the Western New York Public Broadcasting Association , it is sister to National Public Radio ( NPR ) member WBFO ( 88.7 FM ) and classical music radio station WNED-FM ( 94.5 MHz ) . The three stations share studios in Horizons Plaza at 140 Lower Terrace in downtown Buffalo ; WNED-TV 's transmitter is located in Grand Island , New York . More than half of WNED-TV 's viewership is from Southern Ontario , Canada , where the main channel is included in cable and satellite packages by television service providers ."}]}, {'value': 'PBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service', 'summary': "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ."}]}, {'value': 'Western New York Public Broadcasting Association', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Create on DT2 , PBS Kids on DT3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Create_(TV_channel)', 'summary': 'Create is an American digital broadcast television network . The network broadcasts how-to , DIY and other lifestyle-oriented instructional programming 24 hours a day .'}, {'url': '/wiki/PBS_Kids', 'summary': "PBS Kids is the brand for most of the children 's programming aired by the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in the United States . Some public television children 's programs are not produced by PBS member stations or transmitted by PBS which is produced by independent public television distributors such as American Public Television are not labeled as PBS Kids programming , and it is mainly a programming block branding . PBS Kids is also the name of a separate network which has had two iterations in the age of digital television ; one which existed between 1999 and 2005 , and the current version which was launched in January 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '32 ( 23 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WNLO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WNLO_(TV)', 'summary': "WNLO , virtual channel 23 ( UHF digital channel 36 ) , is a CW-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group , as part of a duopoly with CBS affiliate WIVB-TV ( channel 4 ) . The two stations share studios on Elmwood Avenue in North Buffalo and transmitter facilities in Colden , New York . However , master control and some internal operations are based at Springfield , Massachusetts-licensed Nexstar sister station and NBC affiliate WWLP 's studios in Chicopee . WNLO can be considered an alternate CBS affiliate as it simulcasts the CBS Overnight News and the CBS Morning News from WIVB-TV . The station is also responsible for airing CBS programs when WIVB-TV is unable or otherwise chooses not to air a program due to local or syndicated programming commitments . WNLO is not available in portions of Cattaraugus County that are served by Atlantic Broadband , where WSEE-DT2 out of Erie , Pennsylvania is used as a less expensive alternative ."}]}, {'value': 'The CW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network', 'summary': "The CW Television Network ( commonly referred to as just The CW ) is an American English-language free-to-air television network that is operated by The CW Network , LLC , a limited liability joint venture between the CBS Entertainment Group unit of ViacomCBS ; and AT & T , whose WarnerMedia subsidiary is the parent company of Warner Bros. , former majority owner of The WB . The network 's name is an abbreviation derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations ( CBS and Warner Bros. ) . The CW Television Network made its debut on September 18 , 2006 , after its two predecessors , UPN and The WB , respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year . The CW 's first two nights of programming - on September 18 and 19 , 2006 - consisted of reruns and launch-related specials . The CW marked its formal launch date on September 20 , 2006 , with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of America 's Next Top Model . Originally , the network 's programming lineup was intended to appeal mainly to women between the ages of 18 and 34 , although starting in 2011 the network increased in programming that appeals to men . As of August 2017 , the CW 's audience is 50% male and 50% female . The network currently runs programming seven days a week : airing Mondays through Fridays in the afternoon ( The CW Daytime ) and Sundays through Fridays in prime time , along with a Saturday morning live-action educational programming block produced by Litton Entertainment called One Magnificent Morning , which is the successor to the animation block Vortexx . It is also available in Canada on pay television providers through stations owned-and-operated by ViacomCBS and affiliates that are located within proximity to the Canada-United States border ( whose broadcasts of CW shows are subject to simultaneous substitution laws imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission , if a Canadian network holds the broadcast rights ) ; it is also available through two affiliates that are classified in the United States as superstations - New York City affiliate WPIX and Los Angeles affiliate KTLA . Additionally , The CW is available in Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico-U.S. border ( such as KFMB-DT2/San Diego-Tijuana , KECY-DT3 in El Centro , California , KVIA-DT2 in El Paso , and KCWT-CD with simulcasters KFXV-LD2 KNVO-DT4 in McAllen-Brownsville , Texas and XHRIO-TV in Matamoros , Tamaulipas ) on pay television providers . In both Canada and Mexico , some CW affiliate signals originating from the U.S. are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the station 's signal coverage ."}]}, {'value': 'Nexstar Media Group', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group', 'summary': 'Nexstar Media Group , Inc. is a publicly traded American telecommunications company with headquarter offices in Irving , Texas , New York City , and Chicago . The company is the largest television station owner in the United States , owning 197 television stations across the U.S. , most of which are affiliates with the four major U.S. television networks located in small to medium-sized markets . It also operates all of the stations owned by an affiliated company , Mission Broadcasting , under local marketing agreements .'}]}, {'value': 'Bounce TV on DT2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bounce_TV', 'summary': 'Bounce TV is an American digital multicast television network owned by Katz Broadcasting , a subsidiary of E. W. Scripps Company . Promoted as the first 24/7 digital multicast broadcast network created to target African Americans , the channel features a mix of original and acquired programming geared toward African Americans between 25 and 54 years of age . The network is affiliated with broadcast television stations in several markets through digital subchannels ; it is also available on the digital tiers of select cable providers at the discretion of local affiliates .'}]}, {'value': '34 ( 25 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WVTT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WVTT-CD', 'summary': 'WVTT-CD , channel 25 , is a Class A low-powered television station for the Twin Tiers . The station is licensed to Olean , New York . It broadcasts on UHF channel 34 , with its transmitter on the border of Machias and Yorkshire ; the station can also be seen on Charter Spectrum channel 15 . WVTT-CD is owned and operated by 3rd Party broadcaster HC2 Holdings .'}]}, {'value': 'This TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/This_TV', 'summary': "This TV ( also known as This TV Network and alternately stylized as thisTV ) is an American free-to-air television network that is owned by ThisTV , LLC , a division of the MGM Domestic Television Distribution subsidiary of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The network maintains a large programming emphasis on films ( those primarily sourced from the library of partial owner Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ) , but also airs other limited general entertainment content in the form of classic television series and children 's programming . The network - which broadcasts 24 hours a day in 480i standard definition - is available in many media markets via broadcast television stations , primarily on their digital subchannels , and on select cable providers through carriage of a local affiliate ( primarily on digital tiers ) . This TV 's programming and business operations are headquartered at 303 East Wacker Drive in Chicago ; MGM handles advertising sales for the network through its offices in New York City ."}]}, {'value': 'HC2 Holdings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HC2_Holdings', 'summary': "HC2 Holdings Inc. ( a.k.a . HC2 ) , formerly known as Primus Telecommunications Group , Inc. ( Primus ) , is a public financial services company . The company was renamed HC2 Holdings , Inc in April 2014 after HRG Group Inc. acquired a 40.5% stake in the company , changing HC2 's Stock Market ticker on the NYSE to HCHC . Since January 2014 , HC2 has acquired a diverse array of operating subsidiaries , each with its own dedicated management team across a broad range of industries . This includes the acquisition of Schuff Steel , America 's largest steel fabricator in the first half of 2014 and Global Marine Systems , a British company specializing in building subsea cable infrastructure in the 3rd quarter of 2014 . The company divested all telecommunications interests with the exception of PTGi-ICS ."}]}, {'value': 'Licensed to Olean , with a rimshot signal based in Yorkshire . Decades on DT2 , Movies ! on DT3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olean,_New_York', 'summary': 'Olean ( /ˈoʊliæn/ OH-lee-ann ) is a city in Cattaraugus County , New York , United States . Olean is the largest city in Cattaraugus County and serves as its financial , business , transportation and entertainment center . It is one of the principal cities of the Southern Tier region of Upstate New York . The city is surrounded by the town of Olean and is located in the southeastern part of the county . The population was 14,452 at the 2010 census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rimshot_(broadcasting)', 'summary': 'In radio and television broadcasting a rimshot is a station that attempts to reach a larger media market from a distant suburban , exurban , or even rural location . The term is primarily used with FM stations , and mainly in North America . The name derives not from the sound of a rimshot in music , but rather from basketball , where the ball hits the rim of the basket , and may or may not go in . Rimshot stations are often at a disadvantage compared to higher-strength signals in a market . Many rimshot operators attempt to serve the larger market with a signal that has deficiencies in the intended listening area , especially on the far side from where it is transmitted . Many ( if not most ) rimshot stations are move-ins , having moved to about halfway between their city of license ( which they are legally required to cover and serve ) and the metro area which they actually care about . In this manner , the broadcast range of the station ideally covers both . Although stations have traditionally been required to keep their main studio in their community of license , this has become less and less meaningful as more and more have been granted waivers to consolidate radio studios at a single location due to concentration of media ownership . In the U.S. , it was FCC MM docket 80-90 that allowed FM stations to have closer spacing , thereby allowing move-ins , and some new stations as well . This has generally been allowed , especially when it makes room for additional stations in outlying areas . In these cases , the table of allotments is amended in a rulemaking proceeding , although this is not always a requirement to move a station in most cases , depending on each particular situation . On an international level , stations which attempt to serve another country are called border blasters .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Yorkshire,_New_York', 'summary': 'Yorkshire is a town in Cattaraugus County , New York , United States . The population was 3,913 at the 2010 census . The town is located on the northern edge and in the northeast quadrant of the county .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Decades_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'Decades is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned as a joint venture between the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of ViacomCBS and Weigel Broadcasting . The network , which is primarily carried on the digital subchannels of television stations and on Cable TV through their cable providers , mainly airs classic television sitcoms and drama series from the 1950s through the 2000s , feature films from the same period , along with historical news and documentary programming . Through its ownership by Weigel , Decades is a sister network to MeTV , which focuses on classic television series from the 1950s to the 1990s and carries some programming from Decades corporate cousin CBS Television Distribution . As the network has access to theatrical films and television series remastered for high definition and widescreen presentation , the network is carried in 480i widescreen . Since fall 2019 , Decades is carried on Fox-owned stations in twelve markets as part of a multi-year agreement with Fox Television Stations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Movies!', 'summary': "Movies ! is an American free-to-air television network that is owned as a joint venture between Weigel Broadcasting and the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of Fox Corporation . The network 's programming emphasizes feature films . The network 's programming and advertising operations are based in Weigel Broadcasting 's headquarters on North Halsted Street in Chicago , Illinois . It is available in several markets through digital subchannel affiliations with free-to-air television stations , as well as through carriage on pay television providers through a local affiliate of the network . Movies ! provides programming 24 hours a day and broadcasts in the 16:9 widescreen picture format , available in either standard definition or high definition depending on the station 's preference . The network competes with two similarly formatted broadcast networks : This TV ( originally operated by Weigel in a joint venture with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , until the former 's operational stake was taken over by Tribune Broadcasting on November 1 , 2013 ) and GetTV ( owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment ) ; feature films compose the primary source and children 's programming the ancillary source of programming on both networks , though This TV also broadcasts classic television series . However unlike This TV and GetTV , Movies ! does not edit the films aired to make room for more commercials . A notation in the Movies ! title card stating no film alterations is aired at the beginning of every film broadcast ."}]}, {'value': '14 ( 29 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WUTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WUTV', 'summary': "WUTV , virtual channel 29 ( UHF digital channel 32 ) , is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group , as part of a duopoly with MyNetworkTV affiliate WNYO-TV ( channel 49 ) . The two stations share studios on Hertel Avenue near Military Road in Buffalo ; WUTV 's transmitter is located on Whitehaven Road ( near I-190 ) in Grand Island , New York . Since February 2008 , WUTV serves as the Fox network feed received in the Cayman Islands . It joined the Primetime 24 lineup in 2009 , serving most of the Caribbean islands ."}]}, {'value': 'Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}]}, {'value': 'Sinclair Broadcast Group', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group', 'summary': "Sinclair Broadcast Group , Inc. ( SBG ) is a publicly traded American telecommunications conglomerate which is controlled by the family of company founder Julian Sinclair Smith . Headquartered in the Baltimore suburb of Hunt Valley , Maryland , the company is the second-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations ( after Nexstar Media Group ) , owning or operating a total of 193 stations across the country in over 100 markets ( covering 40% of American households ) , many of which are located in the South and Midwest , and is the largest owner of stations affiliated with Fox and ABC . Sinclair also owns four digital multicast networks ( Comet , Charge ! , Stadium , and TBD ) , sports-oriented cable networks ( Tennis Channel and Fox Sports Networks ) , and a streaming service ( Stirr ) , and owns or operates four radio stations in the Pacific Northwest . Among other non-broadcast properties , Sinclair also owns the professional wrestling promotion Ring of Honor and its streaming service Honor Club . Sinclair has faced scrutiny from some media critics , as well as some of its station employees , for the conservative slant of their stations ' news reporting and other programming decisions , and how the company 's rapid growth has aided the airing of content that supports these views . Sinclair has also faced criticism over business practices that circumvent concentration of media ownership regulations , particularly the use of local marketing agreements , accusations that the company had been currying favor with the Trump administration in order to loosen these rules and about its management lacking diversity and being totally controlled by a single family . Critics including former CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather have described Sinclair 's practices as being an assault on our democracy by disseminating what they perceive to be Orwellian-like propaganda to its local stations ."}]}, {'value': 'TBD on DT2 , Charge ! on DT3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TBD_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'TBD ( also referred to unofficially as TBD-TV ) is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group and operated by Jukin Media . Targeting millennial audiences , the network focuses on internet-based series and other digital content ( including showcases of user-generated music , animation and comedy videos , eSports , and compiled half-hour and hour-long episodes of short-form web series ) , along with some feature films .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'Charge ! is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group and operated by the MGM Television division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The network features action- and adventure-based programming sourced primarily from the MGM television and film library . The network is also available via a website stream for mobile devices . ( internet sourced ) broadcast networks . Charge is also available via streaming services , Stirr ,'}]}, {'value': '49 ( 49 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WNYO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WNYO-TV', 'summary': "WNYO-TV , virtual and UHF digital channel 49 , is a MyNetworkTV-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group , as part of a duopoly with Fox affiliate WUTV ( channel 29 ) . The two stations share studios on Hertel Avenue near Military Road in Buffalo ; WNYO-TV 's transmitter is located in Bennington , New York . WNYO-TV can also be seen on cable television in parts of Canada ; it is the MyNetworkTV affiliate on the digital tiers of cable providers in Canadian markets that carry stations from Buffalo , such as Toronto , and is also available in Kingston , Brockville , Cornwall , and Ottawa via a fiber optic line . However , neither WNYO-TV nor any other MyNetworkTV affiliate is available on cable in portions of Cattaraugus County , New York , which is served by Atlantic Broadband . This is due to financial demands as the must carry rule would normally apply in that area . In situations such as this , Atlantic usually picks up the station out of Erie , Pennsylvania , but that market has no MyNetworkTV affiliate of its own ."}]}, {'value': 'MyNetworkTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MyNetworkTV', 'summary': "MyNetworkTV ( unofficially abbreviated as MyTV , MyNet , MNT or MNTV ) , is an American television network/syndication service that is owned by Fox Corporation , operated by its Fox Television Stations division , and distributed through the syndication structure of 20th Television . MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5 , 2006 with an initial affiliate lineup covering about 96% of the country , most of which consisted of stations that were former affiliates of The WB and UPN that did not join the successor of those two networks , The CW . Under the ownership structure of Fox Corporation , the service is incorporated as a subsidiary company known as Master Distribution Service , Inc. On September 28 , 2009 , following disappointment with the network 's results , MyNetworkTV dropped its status as a television network and transitioned into a programming service , similar to Ion Television , relying mainly on repeats of recent broadcast and cable series . Fox Corporation retained MyNetworkTV after the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company was completed on March 20 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sinclair Broadcast Group', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group', 'summary': "Sinclair Broadcast Group , Inc. ( SBG ) is a publicly traded American telecommunications conglomerate which is controlled by the family of company founder Julian Sinclair Smith . Headquartered in the Baltimore suburb of Hunt Valley , Maryland , the company is the second-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations ( after Nexstar Media Group ) , owning or operating a total of 193 stations across the country in over 100 markets ( covering 40% of American households ) , many of which are located in the South and Midwest , and is the largest owner of stations affiliated with Fox and ABC . Sinclair also owns four digital multicast networks ( Comet , Charge ! , Stadium , and TBD ) , sports-oriented cable networks ( Tennis Channel and Fox Sports Networks ) , and a streaming service ( Stirr ) , and owns or operates four radio stations in the Pacific Northwest . Among other non-broadcast properties , Sinclair also owns the professional wrestling promotion Ring of Honor and its streaming service Honor Club . Sinclair has faced scrutiny from some media critics , as well as some of its station employees , for the conservative slant of their stations ' news reporting and other programming decisions , and how the company 's rapid growth has aided the airing of content that supports these views . Sinclair has also faced criticism over business practices that circumvent concentration of media ownership regulations , particularly the use of local marketing agreements , accusations that the company had been currying favor with the Trump administration in order to loosen these rules and about its management lacking diversity and being totally controlled by a single family . Critics including former CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather have described Sinclair 's practices as being an assault on our democracy by disseminating what they perceive to be Orwellian-like propaganda to its local stations ."}]}, {'value': 'Stadium on DT2 , Comet on DT3 , GetTV on DT4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stadium_(sports_network)', 'summary': "Stadium is a digital television and internet sports network operated as a multi-platform sports network . Stadium includes a 24/7 linear feed distributed across both digital and broadcast platforms , as well as on-demand ( VOD ) digital content including additional live games and events including AT & T SportsNet Rocky Mountain . Stadium has a number of minority owners including BAMTech , Meredith Corporation , PGA Tour , Silver Chalice and Sinclair Broadcast Group . The network is headquartered at The United Center in Chicago , Illinois . The service is distributed as an over-the-top streaming service through Stadium 's website and other partners , digital subchannels on broadcast television stations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)', 'summary': "Comet is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group and operated by the MGM Television division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The network focuses on science fiction with some supernatural , horror , adventure and fantasy series and films , sourced mainly from the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film and television library . Sinclair also owns Charge ! ( action ) , Stadium ( sports joint venture ) and TBD ( internet sourced ) broadcast networks . Comet is also available via streaming services , Apple TV , FuboTV , YouTubeTV , Roku , Sling TV Satellite Company Dish Network channel 289 and Sinclair 's Stirr ."}, {'url': '/wiki/GetTV', 'summary': 'getTV is an American digital multicast television network that is owned by the Sony Pictures Television Networks subsidiary of Sony Pictures Television . Originally formatted as a movie-oriented service , the network has since transitioned into a general entertainment network featuring primarily older television programs , much of which is sourced from the library of Sony Pictures Entertainment . The network is available in many media markets via the digital subchannels of broadcast television stations and on the digital tiers of select cable providers through a local affiliate of the network . getTV provides programming 24 hours a day and broadcasts in 480i standard definition . The network competes with various other rerun television/movie networks such as Antenna TV , Bounce TV , Cozi TV , MeTV , Movies ! , the Retro Television Network , and This TV .'}]}, {'value': '23 ( 51 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WPXJ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WPXJ-TV', 'summary': "WPXJ-TV , virtual channel 51 ( UHF digital channel 24 ) , is an Ion Television owned-and-operated television station serving Buffalo , New York , United States that is licensed to Batavia . The station is owned by Ion Media Networks . WPXJ-TV 's offices are located on Exchange Street in Buffalo , and its transmitter is located in Bennington , New York . Until August 2019 , WPXJ-TV 's transmitter was based at Pavilion , approximately halfway between the station 's two target cities , Buffalo and Rochester ; it was the only station in Western New York to serve both markets with the same signal ( WNYB still serves both markets , but relies on translators and cable carriage to do so ) , although what little local programming the station has carried has traditionally favored Buffalo , and Ion now maintains a separate Rochester affiliation on the fourth digital subchannel of WHEC-TV ."}]}, {'value': 'ION', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ion_Television', 'summary': "Ion Television is an American free-to-air television network/syndication service that is owned by Ion Media . The network first began broadcasting on August 31 , 1998 as Pax TV ( commonly referred to as Pax ; stylized as PAX ) , focusing primarily on family-oriented entertainment programming ; it rebranded as i : Independent Television ( commonly referred to as i ; stylized as i ) on July 1 , 2005 , converting into a general entertainment network featuring mainly recent and older acquired programs ; the network adopted its current identity as Ion Television on January 29 , 2007 . Ion Television is available throughout most of the United States through its group of 62 owned-and-operated stations , as well as through distribution on cable and satellite providers ; since 2014 , the network has also increased affiliate distribution in several markets through the digital subchannels of local television stations owned by companies such as NBCUniversal and Nexstar Media Group where the network is unable to maintain a main channel affiliation with or own a standalone station , for the same purpose as the distribution of Ion 's main network feed via cable and satellite . The network 's stations cover all of the top 20 U.S. markets and 37 of the top 50 markets . Ion 's owned-and-operated stations cover 64.8% of the United States population , by far the most of any U.S. station ownership group ; it is able to circumvent the legal limit of covering 39% of the population because all of its stations operate on the UHF television band , which is subject to a discount ( which in the digital age has proven controversial with other broadcast groups and FCC rulings between presidential administrations , though not with Ion itself ) in regard to that limit ."}]}, {'value': 'Ion Media Networks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ion_Media_Networks', 'summary': "Ion Media ( formerly known as Paxson Communications Corporation and Ion Media Networks ) is an American broadcasting company that owns and operates over 60 television stations in most major American markets ( through its television stations group , Ion Media Television ) , as well as a digital sub-channel through that group and a major commercial television network . It 's been a privately owned company since its founding ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 ( 56 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WBXZ-LP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WBXZ-LP', 'summary': 'WBXZ-LP is a low-power television station in Buffalo , New York , broadcasting locally on channel 17 . Owned by Steven Ritchie , WBXZ operates a large and varying number of digital subchannels , two of which are permanent : Cozi TV on 56.1 and independent Throwback Television on 56.4 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cozi TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cozi_TV', 'summary': 'Cozi TV ( stylized on-air as COZI TV ) is an American free-to-air television network that is owned by the NBCUniversal Owned Television Stations division of NBCUniversal . The network airs classic television series from the 1950s to the 2000s . The network originated as a local news and lifestyle programming format that was launched between 2009 and 2011 and was seen on digital subchannels operated by nine owned-and-operated television stations of the NBC television network in the United States under the brand NBC Nonstop . The sitcoms and drama series now appearing on Cozi are primarily from the NBCUniversal Television Distribution program library . Cozi is also available via streaming services , FuboTV , YouTubeTV , Hulu with Live TV'}]}, {'value': 'Steven Ritchie', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Independent on DT4 . Eight other rotating networks operate on the station 's ten subchannels", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)', 'summary': 'An independent station is a type of television station broadcasting in the United States or Canada that is not affiliated with any broadcast television network ; most commonly , these stations carry a mix of syndicated , brokered and in some cases , local programming to fill time periods when network programs typically would air . Stations that are affiliated with networks such as The CW , MyNetworkTV or to a lesser degree , even Fox may be considered to be quasi-independent stations as these networks mainly provide programming during primetime , with limited to no network-supplied content in other time periods . Independent radio is a similar concept with regards to community radio stations , although with a slightly different meaning ( as many non-indie commercial broadcasting radio stations produce the vast majority of their own programming , perhaps retaining only a nominal affiliation with a radio network for news updates or syndicated radio programming ) .'}]}, {'value': '7 ( 67 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WBBZ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WBBZ-TV', 'summary': "WBBZ-TV , virtual channel 67 ( VHF digital channel 7 ) , is a primary independent and secondary MeTV-affiliated television station serving Buffalo , New York , United States that is licensed to Springville . The station is owned by ITV of Buffalo , a company controlled by former news photographer Philip A. Arno . WBBZ-TV 's studios are located at the Eastern Hills Mall in the town of Clarence ( in a census-designated place called Harris Hill ) , and its transmitter is located near Springville in the hills of southern Erie County ."}]}, {'value': 'MeTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MeTV', 'summary': "MeTV ( an acronym for Memorable Entertainment Television ) is an American broadcast television network that is owned by Weigel Broadcasting . Marketed as The Definitive Destination for Classic TV , the network airs a variety of classic television programs from the 1950s through the early 1990s , which are obtained primarily from the libraries of CBS Television Distribution and 20th Television . Through its ownership by Weigel , MeTV is sister to four other networks that source their programming content from the network 's distributors : rerun-focused networks Heroes & Icons and Decades ( the latter operated as a joint venture with CBS Television Stations ) , the film-focused Movies ! ( a joint venture with Fox Television Stations ) and the drama-focused Start TV . MeTV is carried on digital subchannels of affiliated television stations in most markets ; however , some MeTV-affiliated stations carry the network as a primary affiliation on their main channel , and a small number of stations air select programs from the network alongside their regular general entertainment schedules , with a few carrying the network in high definition . The network is also available nationwide on free-to- air C band satellite via SES-1 in the DVB-S format , and in some markets on AT & T U-verse channels 136 ( in standard definition ) and 1136 ( in high definition ) , and cable television through cable TV providers . MeTV 's operations are located in Weigel Broadcasting 's corporate headquarters on North Halsted Street in Chicago , Illinois . Shows currently broadcast on this channel include M*A*S*H , The Andy Griffith Show , Perry Mason , Gunsmoke , Hogan 's Heroes , The Flintstones , and others ."}]}, {'value': 'Phil Arno', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MeTV on DT1 and DT3 , Heroes & Icons on DT2 . Licensed to Springville . WBBZ-DT4 has a translator ( WDTB-LD ) licensed to Hamburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MeTV', 'summary': "MeTV ( an acronym for Memorable Entertainment Television ) is an American broadcast television network that is owned by Weigel Broadcasting . Marketed as The Definitive Destination for Classic TV , the network airs a variety of classic television programs from the 1950s through the early 1990s , which are obtained primarily from the libraries of CBS Television Distribution and 20th Television . Through its ownership by Weigel , MeTV is sister to four other networks that source their programming content from the network 's distributors : rerun-focused networks Heroes & Icons and Decades ( the latter operated as a joint venture with CBS Television Stations ) , the film-focused Movies ! ( a joint venture with Fox Television Stations ) and the drama-focused Start TV . MeTV is carried on digital subchannels of affiliated television stations in most markets ; however , some MeTV-affiliated stations carry the network as a primary affiliation on their main channel , and a small number of stations air select programs from the network alongside their regular general entertainment schedules , with a few carrying the network in high definition . The network is also available nationwide on free-to- air C band satellite via SES-1 in the DVB-S format , and in some markets on AT & T U-verse channels 136 ( in standard definition ) and 1136 ( in high definition ) , and cable television through cable TV providers . MeTV 's operations are located in Weigel Broadcasting 's corporate headquarters on North Halsted Street in Chicago , Illinois . Shows currently broadcast on this channel include M*A*S*H , The Andy Griffith Show , Perry Mason , Gunsmoke , Hogan 's Heroes , The Flintstones , and others ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Heroes_&_Icons', 'summary': "Heroes & Icons ( H & I ) is an American digital broadcast television network owned by Weigel Broadcasting . Primarily carried on the digital subchannels of its affiliated television station in most markets , it primarily airs classic television series from the 1950s through the 2000s , with a focus on westerns , crime dramas , sci-fi , and action-oriented programming geared toward male audiences . The network operates from Weigel Broadcasting 's headquarters on North Halsted Street in Chicago , Illinois , and is essentially an offshoot of MeTV - a general classic TV digital network also owned by Weigel ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Springville,_New_York', 'summary': "Springville is a village in the southeast part of the town of Concord in Erie County , New York , in the United States . Springville is the principal community in the town and a major business location in southern Erie County . The population was 4,296 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area . Springville was originally named Fiddler 's Green before it was renamed Springville ."}, {'url': '/wiki/WDTB-LD', 'summary': "WDTB-LD is a Daystar-owned television station , under the license of Word of God Fellowship , Inc . The station is licensed to Hamburg , New York , but has applied for a change of its city of license from Hamburg to Buffalo . The station 's signal on channel 40 was inactive/off the air due to a technical conflict with the digital signal of CFTO-TV ; Toronto 's digital signal also being on channel 40 , though it is 65 miles away , but has returned to the air at some point following the Canadian digital transition , on August 31 , 2011 . It has since returned to the airwaves on UHF 29 with a Virtual channel of 39.1 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hamburg,_New_York', 'summary': 'Hamburg is a town in Erie County , New York , United States . As of the 2010 census , the town had a population of 56,936 . It is named after the city of Hamburg , in Germany . The town is on the western border of the county and is south of Buffalo . Hamburg is one of the Southtowns in Erie County . The villages of Hamburg and Blasdell are in the town .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Media_in_Buffalo,_New_York_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of media in Buffalo, New York.'} | null | null | What is the virtual channel of the station that is the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States ? | 17 |
0b9b268987c69a31 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Aerobic_Gymnastics_European_Championships', 'title': '2009 Aerobic Gymnastics European Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Gymnast', 'Country', 'Point'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tudorel Valentin Mavrodineanu , Mircea Zamfir , Mircea Brînzea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valentin_Mavrodineanu', 'summary': 'Tudorel-Valentin Mavrodineanu ( born July 3 , 1986 in Bucharest , Romania ) is a Romanian aerobic gymnast . He won seven world championships medals ( four gold , one silver , and two bronze ) and seven European medals ( six gold and one bronze ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mircea_Zamfir', 'summary': 'Mircea Zamfir ( born 29 May 1985 in Bucharest , Romania ) is a Romanian aerobic gymnast . He won six world championships medals ( three gold , two silver and one bronze ) and seven European championships medals ( six gold and one bronze ) . He is also the individual 2007 European champion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mircea_Brînzea', 'summary': 'Mircea Brînzea ( born January 25 , 1986 in Bucharest , Romania ) is a Romanian aerobic gymnast . He won three world championships medals ( two gold and one silver ) and seven European medals ( four gold , two silver and one bronze ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '21.150', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benjamin Garavel , Nicolas Garavel , Morgan Jacquemin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '21.100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cosmin Muj , Petru Porime Tolan , Florin Nebunu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cosmin_Muj', 'summary': 'Cosmin Muj ( born 6 November 1988 in Arad , Romania ) is a Romanian aerobic gymnast . He won one gold world championships medal on the group event and one bronze European championships medal on the trio event .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Petru_Porime_Tolan', 'summary': 'Petru Porime Tolan ( born 21 March 1986 in Tîrgu Mureş , Romania ) is a Romanian aerobic gymnast . He won two world championships medals ( one gold and one silver ) and four European championships medals ( two gold and two bronze ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Florin_Nebunu', 'summary': 'Florin Nebunu ( born April 21 , 1987 , in Bucharest , Romania ) is a Romanian aerobic gymnast . He won three world championships medals ( one gold , one silver , and one bronze ) and two European championships medals ( one gold and one bronze ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '19.950', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emanuele Pagliuca , Iaia Vito , Antonio Caforio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '19.750', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorian Alimelie , Mathieu Deliers , David Orta', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '19.550', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Kondratichev , Anton Shishigin , Arseniy Tikhomirov', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '19.450', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anett Bakó , Dorina Nagy , Agota Szörenyi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '19.265', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rámon Tyeklár , Richárd Tyeklár , Ferenc Székely', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '18.000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Trio', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2009_Aerobic_Gymnastics_European_Championships_3', 'intro': 'The 6th Aerobic Gymnastics European Championships was held in Liberec, Czech Republic in November 2009.'} | null | null | What mountain range borders the country that had a trio get a score of 19.750 in the Aerobic Gymnastics European Championships of 2009 ? | Alps |
0b9c31d180352876 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_rodents_in_literature', 'title': 'List of fictional rodents in literature', 'header': ['Character/s', 'Author', 'Work', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ben', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen Gilbert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Gilbert_(novelist)', 'summary': 'Stephen Gilbert ( 1912-2010 ) was a Northern Irish novelist .'}]}, {'value': "Ratman 's Notebooks", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ratman's_Notebooks", 'summary': "Ratman 's Notebooks is a 1968 short novel by Stephen Gilbert . It features an unnamed misfit who relates better to rats than to humans . It was the basis for the 1971 film Willard , its 1972 sequel Ben , and the 2003 remake of the original film . After the release of the original film , the book was re-released with the title Willard ."}]}, {'value': 'A menacing rat featured in this 1968 horror novel ; also appears in the film adaptation Willard , the 2003 remake Willard , and the sequel Ben', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willard_(1971_film)', 'summary': "Willard is a 1971 American horror film directed by Daniel Mann and starring Bruce Davison and Ernest Borgnine . Based on the novel Ratman 's Notebooks by Stephen Gilbert , the film was nominated for an Edgar Award for best picture . The supporting cast included Elsa Lanchester in one of her last performances before her death , and Sondra Locke in one of her first . The film was a summer hit in 1971 ; opening to good reviews and high box office returns . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Willard_(2003_film)', 'summary': "Willard is a 2003 American horror film co-written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Crispin Glover , R. Lee Ermey and Laura Elena Harring . It is loosely based on the novel Ratman 's Notebooks by Stephen Gilbert , as well as on the novel 's first film adaptation , Willard ( 1971 ) , and its sequel , Ben ( 1972 ) . It was not billed as a remake by the producers , who chose instead to present it as a reworking of the themes from the original , with a stronger focus on suspense ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ben_(film)', 'summary': 'Ben is a 1972 American horror film about a young boy and his pet rat , Ben . The film is a sequel to the film Willard ( 1971 ) . The theme song , Ben , is performed by singer Michael Jackson . It was also included on his 1972 album of the same title .'}]}, {'value': 'Dangerous Beans', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terry Pratchett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terry_Pratchett', 'summary': "Sir Terence David John Pratchett OBE ( 28 April 1948 - 12 March 2015 ) was an English humorist , satirist , and author of fantasy novels , especially comical works . He is best known for his Discworld series of 41 novels . Pratchett 's first novel , The Carpet People , was published in 1971 . The first Discworld novel , The Colour of Magic , was published in 1983 , after which Pratchett wrote an average of two books a year . His 2011 Discworld novel Snuff became the third-fastest-selling hardback adult-readership novel since records began in the UK , selling 55,000 copies in the first three days . The final Discworld novel , The Shepherd 's Crown , was published in August 2015 , five months after his death . Pratchett , with more than 85 million books sold worldwide in 37 languages , was the UK 's best-selling author of the 1990s . He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in 1998 and was knighted for services to literature in the 2009 New Year Honours . In 2001 he won the annual Carnegie Medal for The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents , the first Discworld book marketed for children . He received the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 2010 . In December 2007 , Pratchett announced that he had been diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer 's disease . He later made a substantial public donation to the Alzheimer 's Research Trust ( now Alzheimer 's Research UK ) , filmed a television programme chronicling his experiences with the condition for the BBC , and became a patron for Alzheimer 's Research UK ."}]}, {'value': 'The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Amazing_Maurice_and_his_Educated_Rodents', 'summary': "The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents is a children 's fantasy novel by British writer Terry Pratchett , published by Doubleday in 2001 . It was the 28th novel in the Discworld series but the first written for children . The story is a new take on the German fairy tale about the Pied Piper of Hamelin and a parody of the folk tale genre . Pratchett won the annual Carnegie Medal from the British librarians , recognising the year 's best children 's book published in the U.K . It was his first major award ."}]}, {'value': "A near-blind albino rat with a guru-like guidance to the rats and the only one who can withstand Spider 's mind control", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Rat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China Miéville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China_Miéville', 'summary': "China Tom Miéville FRSL ( /miˈeɪvəl/ mee-AY-vəl ; born 6 September 1972 ) is a British urban fantasy fiction author , essayist , comic book writer , socialist political activist and literary critic . He often describes his work as weird fiction and is allied to the loosely associated movement of writers called New Weird . Miéville has won numerous awards , including the Arthur C. Clarke Award ( thrice ) , the British Fantasy Award ( twice ) , Locus Awards for Best Fantasy Novel ( four times ) and Best Science Fiction Novel and Best Novelette and Best Young Adult Book , as well as the Hugo , Kitschies , and World Fantasy Awards . Miéville is active in left-wing politics in the UK , and has previously been a member of the International Socialist Organization ( US ) , and the short-lived International Socialist Network ( UK ) . He was formerly a member of the Socialist Workers Party , and in 2013 became a founding member of Left Unity . He stood for Regent 's Park and Kensington North for the Socialist Alliance in the 2001 UK General election , gaining 1.2% of votes cast . He published his PhD thesis on Marxism and international law as a book in 2005 . During 2012-13 he was writer-in-residence at Roosevelt University in Chicago . He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'King Rat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Rat_(Miéville_novel)', 'summary': "King Rat is an urban fantasy novel by British writer China Miéville , published in 1998 . Unlike his Bas-Lag novels , it is set in London during the late 1990s . It follows the life of Saul Garamond after the death of his father and his meeting with King Rat . As King Rat takes Saul under his wing , the young man is quickly embroiled in a centuries-old rivalry . King Rat was Miéville 's debut novel ."}]}, {'value': 'Fallen king of the rats , father of Saul , and locked into a centuries long feud with the Piper', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lariska', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eduard Uspenskiy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eduard_Uspenskiy', 'summary': "Eduard Nikolayevich Uspensky ( Russian : Эдуард Николаевич Успенский ; 22 December 1937 - 14 August 2018 ) was a Russian children 's writer and poet , author of over 70 books , as well as a playwright , screenwriter and TV presenter . His works have been translated into 25 languages and spawned around 60 cartoon adaptations . Among the characters he created are Cheburashka and Crocodile Gena , Uncle Fyodor and Kolobki brothers . He was awarded IV Class Order For Merit to the Fatherland in 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cheburashka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheburashka', 'summary': "Cheburashka ( Russian : Чебура́шка , IPA : [ tɕɪbʊˈraʂkə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as Topple in earlier English translations , is a character in children 's literature , from a 1966 story by Soviet writer Eduard Uspensky . He is also the protagonist ( voiced by Klara Rumyanova ) of the stop-motion animated films by Roman Kachanov ( Soyuzmultfilm studio ) , the first film of which was made in 1969 , with songs composed by Vladimir Shainsky ."}]}, {'value': "The Old Lady Shapoklyak 's pet rat , whom she keeps in her purse", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malcolm', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'W. H. Beck', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malcom at Midnight', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A class pet rat , who is prejudiced as a menace by the Midnight Academy until he proves them wrong by saving a kidnapped Iguana', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melchisedec', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frances Hodgeson Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frances_Hodgeson_Burnett', 'summary': "Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett ( 24 November 1849 - 29 October 1924 ) was a British-born American novelist and playwright . She is best known for the three children 's novels Little Lord Fauntleroy ( published in 1885-1886 ) , A Little Princess ( 1905 ) , and The Secret Garden ( 1911 ) . Frances Eliza Hodgson was born in Cheetham , Manchester , England . After her father died in 1852 , the family fell on straitened circumstances and in 1865 emigrated to the United States , settling in New Market , Tennessee . There , Frances began writing to help earn money for the family , publishing stories in magazines from the age of 19 . In 1870 , her mother died , and in 1872 she married Swan Burnett , who became a medical doctor . The Burnetts lived for two years in Paris , where their two sons were born , before returning to the United States to live in Washington , D.C. Burnett then began to write novels , the first of which ( That Lass o ' Lowrie 's ) , was published to good reviews . Little Lord Fauntleroy was published in 1886 and made her a popular writer of children 's fiction , although her romantic adult novels written in the 1890s were also popular . She wrote and helped to produce stage versions of Little Lord Fauntleroy and A Little Princess . Beginning in the 1880s , Burnett began to travel to England frequently and in the 1890s bought a home there , where she wrote The Secret Garden . Her elder son , Lionel , died of tuberculosis in 1890 , which caused a relapse of the depression she had struggled with for much of her life . She divorced Swan Burnett in 1898 , married Stephen Townsend in 1900 , and divorced him in 1902 ."}]}, {'value': 'A Little Princess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Little_Princess', 'summary': "A Little Princess is a children 's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett , first published as a book in 1905 . It is an expanded version of the short story Sara Crewe : or , What Happened at Miss Minchin 's , which was serialized in St. Nicholas Magazine from December 1887 , and published in book form in 1888 . According to Burnett , after she composed the 1902 play A Little Un-fairy Princess based on that story , her publisher asked that she expand the story as a novel with the things and people that had been left out before . The novel was published by Charles Scribner 's Sons ( also publisher of St. Nicholas ) with illustrations by Ethel Franklin Betts and the full title A Little Princess : Being the Whole Story of Sara Crewe Now Being Told for the First Time . Based on a 2007 online poll , the U.S. National Education Association named the book one of its Teachers ' Top Books for Children . In 2012 it was ranked number 56 among all-time children 's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal , a monthly with primarily U.S. audience . It was the second of two Burnett novels among the Top 100 , with The Secret Garden number 15 ."}]}, {'value': "A domestic rat whom Sara Crewe befriends during her time as a servant at Miss Minchin 's Seminary ; she calls him a Bastille rat sent to be my friend", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sara_Crewe', 'summary': "A Little Princess is a children 's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett , first published as a book in 1905 . It is an expanded version of the short story Sara Crewe : or , What Happened at Miss Minchin 's , which was serialized in St. Nicholas Magazine from December 1887 , and published in book form in 1888 . According to Burnett , after she composed the 1902 play A Little Un-fairy Princess based on that story , her publisher asked that she expand the story as a novel with the things and people that had been left out before . The novel was published by Charles Scribner 's Sons ( also publisher of St. Nicholas ) with illustrations by Ethel Franklin Betts and the full title A Little Princess : Being the Whole Story of Sara Crewe Now Being Told for the First Time . Based on a 2007 online poll , the U.S. National Education Association named the book one of its Teachers ' Top Books for Children . In 2012 it was ranked number 56 among all-time children 's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal , a monthly with primarily U.S. audience . It was the second of two Burnett novels among the Top 100 , with The Secret Garden number 15 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nicodemus', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Robert C. O'Brien", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Robert_C._O'Brien", 'summary': "Robert O'Brien may refer to :"}]}, {'value': 'Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mrs._Frisby_and_the_Rats_of_NIMH', 'summary': "Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH is a 1971 children 's book by Robert C. O'Brien , with illustrations by Zena Bernstein . The winner of the 1972 Newbery Medal , the story was adapted for film in 1982 as The Secret of NIMH . The novel relates the plight of a widowed field mouse , Mrs. Frisby , who seeks the aid of a group of former laboratory rats in rescuing her home from destruction by a farmer 's plow , saving her son from pneumonia , and of the history of the rats ' escape from the laboratory and development of a literate and technological society . The work was inspired by the research of John B. Calhoun on mouse and rat population dynamics at the National Institute of Mental Health from the 1940s to the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'Leader of the rats of NIMH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Professor Ratigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eve Titus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eve_Titus', 'summary': "Eve Titus ( July 16 , 1922 - February 4 , 2002 ) was an American children 's writer . She is particularly known for her books featuring the anthropomorphic mice characters Anatole , a heroic and resourceful French mouse , and Basil of Baker Street , a Victorian era mouse private detective who emulates Sherlock Holmes . Anatole later became the subject of an animated television series entitled Anatole while Basil was adapted into the Walt Disney Pictures production , The Great Mouse Detective . Titus was a member of Mystery Writers of America and The Baker Street Irregulars ."}]}, {'value': 'Basil of Baker Street ; ;', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basil_of_Baker_Street', 'summary': "Basil of Baker Street is a series of children 's novels written by Eve Titus and illustrated by Paul Galdone . The stories focus on Basil of Baker Street and his personal biographer Doctor David Q. Dawson . Together they solve the many crimes and cases of the mouse world . Both live in Holmestead , a mouse community built in the cellar of 221B Baker Street , where Sherlock Holmes is a tenant upstairs . The five books were originally published from 1958 to 1982 . Disney 's 26th animated film was based on the Basil novels and titled The Great Mouse Detective which was released in 1986 . Alternatively , Basil of Baker Street is both the name of the main character and the title of the first novel in the series , published in 1958 , by Whittlesey House , a McGraw-Hill imprint . In late 2018 , 36 years after the publication of Titus ' last Basil book , a new book in the series was written by American author Cathy Hapka . The first new book in the series ( and sixth overall ) , Basil and the Big Cheese Cook-Off , written by Hapka and illustrated by David Mottram , was published in October 2018 . A seventh book , Basil and the Royal Dare , was published in May 2019 ."}]}, {'value': "Basil 's archenemy and a master criminal", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ratine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jules Verne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jules_Verne', 'summary': "Jules Gabriel Verne ( /vɜːrn/ ; French : [ ʒyl gabʁjɛl vɛʁn ] ; 8 February 1828 - 24 March 1905 ) was a French novelist , poet , and playwright . Verne 's collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the Voyages extraordinaires , a widely popular series of scrupulously researched adventure novels including Journey to the Center of the Earth ( 1864 ) , Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea ( 1870 ) , and Around the World in Eighty Days ( 1873 ) . Verne is generally considered a major literary author in France and most of Europe , where he has had a wide influence on the literary avant-garde and on surrealism . His reputation was markedly different in Anglophone regions where he had often been labeled a writer of genre fiction or children 's books , largely because of the highly abridged and altered translations in which his novels have often been printed ( until the 1980s , when his literary reputation . began to improve ) . Verne has been the second most-translated author in the world since 1979 , ranking between Agatha Christie and William Shakespeare . He has sometimes been called the Father of Science Fiction , a title that has also been given to H. G. Wells and Hugo Gernsback ."}]}, {'value': 'Adventures of the Rat Family', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Heroine of the rat family , who sets to undo the evil magician Gardafour 's wicked spells", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ratty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lynne Jonell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lynne_Jonell', 'summary': "Lynne Jonell is an American children 's books author . She lives in Plymouth , Minnesota . Her book The Secret of Zoom was chosen by School Library Journal as a best book of 2009 , and in 2010 , President Barack Obama purchased the book for his daughter ."}]}, {'value': 'Emmy and the Rat series', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Emmy 's closest friend , who comforts the girl at stressful times and has amazing powers", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ripred', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Underland_Chronicles_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of The Underland Chronicles characters , organized according to the species names given in the series . These names usually refer to a common trait or habit of the species .'}]}, {'value': 'Suzanne Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suzanne_Collins', 'summary': 'Suzanne Collins ( born August 10 , 1962 ) is an American television writer and author . She is known as the author of The New York Times best-selling series The Underland Chronicles and The Hunger Games trilogy .'}]}, {'value': 'The Underland Chronicles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Underland_Chronicles', 'summary': "The Underland Chronicles is a series of five epic fantasy novels by Suzanne Collins , first published between 2003 and 2007 . It tells the story of a boy named Gregor and his adventures in the Underland , a subterranean world located under New York City . The Underland is inhabited by humans who traveled below hundreds of years ago , along with various giant versions of creatures like bats , cockroaches , and rats . According to the author , the series involves many topics relating to war , including biological warfare , genocide , and military intelligence . While not as well-known as the author 's subsequent Hunger Games trilogy , it has been reviewed favorably by many critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Main character , giant rat ( gnawer ) , leader of the rat resistance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samuel Whiskers & Anna Maria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Whiskers', 'summary': "The Tale of Samuel Whiskers or The Roly-Poly Pudding is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in October 1908 as The Roly-Poly Pudding . In 1926 , it was re-published as The Tale of Samuel Whiskers . The book is dedicated to the author 's fancy rat Sammy and tells of Tom Kitten 's escape from two rats who plan to make him into a pudding . The tale was adapted to animation in 1993 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Tale_of_Samuel_Whiskers_or_The_Roly-Poly_Pudding', 'summary': "The Tale of Samuel Whiskers or The Roly-Poly Pudding is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in October 1908 as The Roly-Poly Pudding . In 1926 , it was re-published as The Tale of Samuel Whiskers . The book is dedicated to the author 's fancy rat Sammy and tells of Tom Kitten 's escape from two rats who plan to make him into a pudding . The tale was adapted to animation in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Beatrix Potter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beatrix_Potter', 'summary': "Beatrix Potter ( /ˈbiːətrɪks/ , US /ˈbiːtrɪks/ , 28 July 1866 - 22 December 1943 ) was an English writer , illustrator , natural scientist , and conservationist best known for her children 's books featuring animals , such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Born into an upper-middle-class household , Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children . She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District , developing a love of landscape , flora , and fauna , all of which she closely observed and painted . Potters study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology . In her thirties , Potter self-published the highly successful children 's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Following this , Potter began writing and illustrating children 's books full-time . In all , Potter wrote thirty books ; the best known being her twenty-three children 's tales . With the proceeds from the books and a legacy from an aunt , in 1905 Potter bought Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey , a village in the Lake District which at that time was in Lancashire . Over the following decades , she purchased additional farms to preserve the unique hill country landscape . In 1913 , at the age of 47 , she married William Heelis , a respected local solicitor from Hawkshead . Potter was also a prize-winning breeder of Herdwick sheep and a prosperous farmer keenly interested in land preservation . She continued to write and illustrate , and to design spin-off merchandise based on her children 's books for British publisher Warne until the duties of land management and her diminishing eyesight made it difficult to continue ."}]}, {'value': 'The Tale of Samuel Whiskers or The Roly-Poly Pudding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Tale_of_Samuel_Whiskers_or_The_Roly-Poly_Pudding', 'summary': "The Tale of Samuel Whiskers or The Roly-Poly Pudding is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in October 1908 as The Roly-Poly Pudding . In 1926 , it was re-published as The Tale of Samuel Whiskers . The book is dedicated to the author 's fancy rat Sammy and tells of Tom Kitten 's escape from two rats who plan to make him into a pudding . The tale was adapted to animation in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'A rat couple who try to make Tom Kitten into a pudding until they are driven away by John Joiner', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scabbers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J.K. Rowling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J.K._Rowling', 'summary': "Joanne Rowling CH , OBE , HonFRSE , FRCPE , FRSL ( /ˈroʊlɪŋ/ ROH-ling ; born 31 July 1965 ) , better known by her pen name J. K. Rowling , is a British author , film producer , television producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist . She is best known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series , which has won multiple awards and sold more than 500 million copies , becoming the best-selling book series in history . The books are the basis of a popular film series , over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and was a producer on the final films . She also writes crime fiction under the name Robert Galbraith . Born in Yate , Gloucestershire , Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990 . The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother , birth of her first child , divorce from her first husband , and relative poverty until the first novel in the series , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , was published in 1997 . There were six sequels , of which the last , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , was released in 2007 . Since then , Rowling has written five books for adult readers : The Casual Vacancy ( 2012 ) and - under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith - the crime fiction Cormoran Strike series , which consists of The Cuckoo 's Calling ( 2013 ) , The Silkworm ( 2014 ) , Career of Evil ( 2015 ) , and Lethal White ( 2018 ) . Rowling has lived a rags to riches life in which she progressed from living on benefits to being the world 's first billionaire author . She lost her billionaire status after giving away much of her earnings to charity but remains one of the wealthiest people in the world . She is the UK 's best-selling living author , with sales in excess of £238 million . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling 's fortune at £600 million , ranking her as the joint 197th richest person in the UK ."}]}, {'value': 'Harry Potter series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_series', 'summary': "Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling . The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard , Harry Potter , and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley , all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . The main story arc concerns Harry 's struggle against Lord Voldemort , a dark wizard who intends to become immortal , overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles ( non-magical people ) . Since the release of the first novel , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , on 26 June 1997 , the books have found immense popularity , critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide . They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature . As of February 2018 [ update ] , the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide , making them the best-selling book series in history , and have been translated into eighty languages . The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history , with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release . The series was originally published in English by two major publishers , Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States . A play , Harry Potter and the Cursed Child , based on a story co-written by Rowling , premiered in London on 30 July 2016 at the Palace Theatre , and its script was published by Little , Brown . The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part namesake film series by Warner Bros. Pictures , which is the third highest-grossing film series of all time as of February 2018 [ update ] . In 2016 , the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $ 25 billion , making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . A series of many genres , including fantasy , drama , coming of age , and the British school story ( which includes elements of mystery , thriller , adventure , horror , and romance ) , the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references ."}]}, {'value': "Ron Weasley 's pet rat", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scrabble', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisa May Alcott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott', 'summary': "Louisa May Alcott ( /ˈɔːlkət , -kɒt/ ; November 29 , 1832 - March 6 , 1888 ) was an American novelist , short story writer and poet best known as the author of the novel Little Women ( 1868 ) and its sequels Little Men ( 1871 ) and Jo 's Boys ( 1886 ) . Raised in New England by her transcendentalist parents , Abigail May and Amos Bronson Alcott , she grew up among many of the well-known intellectuals of the day , such as Ralph Waldo Emerson , Nathaniel Hawthorne , Henry David Thoreau , and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Alcott 's family suffered from financial difficulties , and while she worked to help support the family from an early age , she also sought an outlet in writing . She began to receive critical success for her writing in the 1860s . Early in her career , she sometimes used the pen name A. M. Barnard , under which she wrote novels for young adults that focused on spies and revenge . Published in 1868 , Little Women is set in the Alcott family home , Orchard House , in Concord , Massachusetts , and is loosely based on Alcott 's childhood experiences with her three sisters , Abigail May Alcott Nieriker , Elizabeth Sewall Alcott , and Anna Alcott Pratt . The novel was well-received at the time and is still popular today among both children and adults . It has been adapted many times to the stage , film , and television . Alcott was an abolitionist and a feminist and remained unmarried throughout her life . She died from a stroke , two days after her father died , in Boston on March 6 , 1888 ."}]}, {'value': 'Little Women', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Little_Women', 'summary': "Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott ( 1832-1888 ) which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869 . Alcott wrote the book over several months at the request of her publisher . The story follows the lives of the four March sisters - Meg , Jo , Beth , and Amy - and details their passage from childhood to womanhood . It is loosely based on the lives of the author and her three sisters . :202 Scholars classify it as an autobiographical or semi-autobiographical novel . :12 Little Women was an immediate commercial and critical success , with readers demanding to know more about the characters . Alcott quickly completed a second volume ( titled Good Wives in the United Kingdom , although this name originated from the publisher and not from Alcott ) , and it was also successful . The two volumes were issued in 1880 as a single novel titled Little Women . Alcott wrote two sequels to her popular work , both of which also featured the March sisters : Little Men ( 1871 ) and Jo 's Boys ( 1886 ) . The novel addresses three major themes : domesticity , work , and true love , all of them interdependent and each necessary to the achievement of its heroine 's individual identity . :200 According to Sarah Elbert , Alcott created a new form of literature , one that took elements from Romantic children 's fiction and combined it with others from sentimental novels , resulting in a totally new format . Elbert argues that within Little Women can be found the first vision of the All-American girl and that her various aspects are embodied in the differing March sisters ."}]}, {'value': 'Pet rat of the March sisters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Socrates', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen Gilbert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Gilbert_(novelist)', 'summary': 'Stephen Gilbert ( 1912-2010 ) was a Northern Irish novelist .'}]}, {'value': "Ratman 's Notebooks", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ratman's_Notebooks", 'summary': "Ratman 's Notebooks is a 1968 short novel by Stephen Gilbert . It features an unnamed misfit who relates better to rats than to humans . It was the basis for the 1971 film Willard , its 1972 sequel Ben , and the 2003 remake of the original film . After the release of the original film , the book was re-released with the title Willard ."}]}, {'value': 'A white rat who is befriended , and used for evil , in this 1968 horror novel ; also appears in the film adaptation Willard and the 2003 remake Willard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willard_(1971_film)', 'summary': "Willard is a 1971 American horror film directed by Daniel Mann and starring Bruce Davison and Ernest Borgnine . Based on the novel Ratman 's Notebooks by Stephen Gilbert , the film was nominated for an Edgar Award for best picture . The supporting cast included Elsa Lanchester in one of her last performances before her death , and Sondra Locke in one of her first . The film was a summer hit in 1971 ; opening to good reviews and high box office returns . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Willard_(2003_film)', 'summary': "Willard is a 2003 American horror film co-written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Crispin Glover , R. Lee Ermey and Laura Elena Harring . It is loosely based on the novel Ratman 's Notebooks by Stephen Gilbert , as well as on the novel 's first film adaptation , Willard ( 1971 ) , and its sequel , Ben ( 1972 ) . It was not billed as a remake by the producers , who chose instead to present it as a reworking of the themes from the original , with a stronger focus on suspense ."}]}, {'value': 'Surfer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Zindel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Zindel', 'summary': 'Paul Zindel , Jr. ( May 15 , 1936 - March 27 , 2003 ) was an American playwright , young adult novelist , and educator .'}]}, {'value': 'Rats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Zindel', 'summary': 'Paul Zindel , Jr. ( May 15 , 1936 - March 27 , 2003 ) was an American playwright , young adult novelist , and educator .'}]}, {'value': 'A white pet of Sarah and Michael McGraw who becomes the leader of the mutant rats and introduces them to music and dance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Templeton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E. B . White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/E._B._White', 'summary': "Elwyn Brooks White ( July 11 , 1899 - October 1 , 1985 ) was an American writer . For more than fifty years , he was a contributor to The New Yorker magazine . He was also a co-author of the English language style guide The Elements of Style . In addition , he wrote books for children , including Stuart Little ( 1945 ) , Charlotte 's Web ( 1952 ) , and The Trumpet of the Swan ( 1970 ) . In a 2012 survey of School Library Journal readers , Charlotte 's Web came in first in their poll of the top one hundred children 's novels ."}]}, {'value': "Charlotte 's Web", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Charlotte's_Web", 'summary': "Charlotte 's Web is a children 's novel by American author E. B . White and illustrated by Garth Williams ; it was published on October 15 , 1952 , by Harper & Brothers . The novel tells the story of a livestock pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a barn spider named Charlotte . When Wilbur is in danger of being slaughtered by the farmer , Charlotte writes messages praising Wilbur ( such as Some Pig ) in her web in order to persuade the farmer to let him live . Written in White 's dry , low-key manner , Charlotte 's Web is considered a classic of children 's literature , enjoyable to adults as well as children . The description of the experience of swinging on a rope swing at the farm is an often cited example of rhythm in writing , as the pace of the sentences reflects the motion of the swing . In 2000 , Publishers Weekly listed the book as the best-selling children 's paperback of all time . Charlotte 's Web was adapted into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Sagittarius Productions in 1973 . Paramount released a direct-to-video sequel , Charlotte 's Web 2 : Wilbur 's Great Adventure , in the U.S. in 2003 ( Universal released the film internationally ) . A live-action film version of E. B . White 's original story was released in 2006 . A video game based on this adaptation was also released in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'A barnyard rat who unwillingly helps Wilbur and cares more about eating things', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barbara Wersba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barbara_Wersba', 'summary': "Barbara Wersba ( August 19 , 1932 Chicago - February 18 , 2018 Englewood , New Jersey ) was an American youth and children 's book author ."}]}, {'value': 'Walter : The Story of a Rat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A literate rat who tries to get to know Miss Pomeroy who shares a lot in common with him', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Whisker', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cameron Stelzer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pie Rats : The Forgotten Map', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A circus rat , originally named Wentworth Winterbottom , who becomes a Pie Rat and a member of Captain Black Rat 's crew aboard the Apple Pie and is renamed Whisker", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Rats', 'section_text': 'This section exclusively lists all rats ( domestic , barn , wharf and pack rats alike ) .', 'uid': 'List_of_fictional_rodents_in_literature_2', 'intro': 'This list of fictional rodents in literature is subsidiary to the list of fictional animals and covers all rodents appearing in printed works of literature including beavers, chipmunks, gophers, guinea pigs, marmots, prairie dogs, and porcupines plus the extinct prehistoric species (such as Rugosodon).'} | null | null | Who is the widowed field mouse in the fictional rodent world of Robert C. O'Brien ? | Mrs. Frisby |
0b9de152d80671af | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_NFL_Draft', 'title': '1975 NFL Draft', 'header': ['Original NFL team', 'Player', 'Pos', 'College', 'Conf'], 'data': [{'value': 'Atlanta Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Atlanta_Falcons_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise 's tenth year in the National Football League ( NFL ) . With the first overall pick of the NFL draft , the Falcons selected quarterback Steve Bartkowski out of the University of California . However , the pick would do them no good as the Falcons slumped to another miserable 4-10 record and missed the playoffs for the 10th straight season . This was also the first and only full season for head coach Marion Campbell , as he was hired to coach the final 6 games of the previous season and was fired 5 games into the following season ."}]}, {'value': 'Alfred Jenkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Jenkins', 'summary': 'Alfred Donnell Jenkins ( born January 25 , 1952 ) is a former professional American football wide receiver who played for the Birmingham Americans in 1974 and nine seasons for the Atlanta Falcons from 1975 through 1983 . Jenkins was selected to the Pro Bowl during the 1980 and 1981 seasons and is considered the most successful NFL player from the short-lived World Football League . Jenkins has three children , Kellie Jenkins , Astarrte Waites and Alfred Cornell Jenkins , and four grandchildren , Willie Matthews , Shacquayvia Jenkins , Zancquayvia Jenkins , and Eva Ware . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Morris Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morris_Brown_Wolverines_football', 'summary': 'Morris Brown College ( MBC ) is an unaccredited , private , Christian , and historically black liberal arts college in Atlanta , Georgia . It is affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church . In 2002 it lost its accreditation and federal funding due to a financial mismanagement scandal during the 1998-2002 tenure of Dolores Cross as college president . The United Negro College Fund also terminated its support for the college . Ten years later , the college filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in an attempt to prevent foreclosure and sale of the school at auction . It had settled its debt to the Department of Education . In 2019 , the college announced a renewed strategy to secure accreditation again .'}]}, {'value': 'SIAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ( SIAC ) is a collegiate athletic conference consisting mostly of historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) , with all but one member located in the Southern United States . Formed in 1913 , the SIAC is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and competes in Division II . Only three charter members are still part of the conference - Clark Atlanta University ( formerly Clark College ) , Tuskegee University , and Morehouse ( which briefly left before returning ) . Before 2014 , all members had been southern HBCUs , but two of the SIAC 's three newest members include its only non-HBCU , Spring Hill College ( joined in 2014 ) , and its only member outside the South , Central State University of Ohio ( joined in 2015 ) . The newest member , Savannah State University , returned to the SIAC in 2019 after a nearly 20-year absence . The U.S. Army 's 24th Infantry Division teams competed as members of the SIAC from 1930 until 1935 . The SIAC leads all NCAA Division II conferences in football attendance ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's eighth year in professional football and its sixth with the National Football League . The Bengals opened with six straight wins and went on to post an 11-3 record , their best regular-season mark . The Bengals qualified as the AFC wild card team for the playoffs , but they lost to Oakland , 31-28 , in the divisional round of the playoffs . Ken Anderson won his second NFL passing championship . A serious blow was the loss of defensive tackle Mike Reid , who retired at age 27 to pursue a career in music . The team qualified for the postseason for the third time in just eight years of existence , but 1975 would be the last time that the Bengals would do so until 1981 . Despite the Bengals ' great record , they were only 3-3 in division play , losing twice to the eventual champion Steelers , and losing on the road to what was an 0-9 Cleveland Browns team . Other than division play , the Bengals were 8-0 against teams outside of the AFC Central division ."}]}, {'value': 'Brad Cousino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Cousino', 'summary': 'Brad Cousino ( born April 5 , 1953 ) is a former American football linebacker . He played for the Cincinnati Bengals in 1975 , the New York Giants in 1976 and for the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1977 .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Miami_Redskins_football_team', 'summary': "The 1974 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season . In their first season under head coach Dick Crum , the Redskins won the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) championship , compiled a 10-0-1 record ( 5-0 against MAC opponents ) , outscored all opponents by a combined total of 303 to 86 , defeated Georgia , by a score of 21-10 in the 1974 Tangerine Bowl , and were ranked # 10 in the final AP Poll . The team 's statistical leaders included quarterback Steve Sanna with 724 passing yards , fullback Randy Walker with 873 rushing yards , and Jack Schulte with 352 receiving yards ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Cleveland Browns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Cleveland_Browns_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Cleveland Browns season was the team 's 26th season with the National Football League . The Browns lost their first nine games - again , a team record - en route to going 3-11 in Forrest Gregg 's first year as head coach after having been promoted from offensive line coach following the offseason firing of Nick Skorich . Making matters even harder to swallow was that , save for a 16-15 decision at Denver in Week 5 and a 24-17 decision at Cincinnati in the season opener , the losses were pretty much one-sided . At home no less , the Browns fell 42-10 to the Minnesota Vikings , 42-6 to the Pittsburgh Steelers and 40-10 to the Houston Oilers , the worst three-game stretch they 've ever had . Later in the year - it was the last of those nine consecutive defeats - the Browns were beaten 38-17 at Oakland . The Steelers and Vikings both finished 12-2 , the Oilers just missed the playoffs at 10-4 and the 11-3 Raiders lost to Pittsburgh in the AFC Championship Game , but none of that was of any consolation to a franchise as proud as the Browns . [ citation needed ] After 1974 , the Browns were hoping that '75 , in which the team went to orange pants and altered its basic uniform design for the first time since that inaugural season of 1946 , would usher in a new era of success . But it did n't work out that way . The problem for the Browns was that they were in the middle of a major rebuilding phase , trying to replace old-line , grizzled veterans from the team 's glory days of the 1960s with free agents from other teams , or young players . Another problem was at the QB position ; Mike Phipps , the Browns ' No . 3 overall pick in the 1970 NFL Draft , threw just four touchdown passes with 19 INTs on the year . More and more , Browns fans were calling for Brian Sipe , who started in two victories in the final five games in 1974 , to permanently secure the starting quarterback job in what became a major quarterback controversy ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert Jackson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Jackson_(guard)', 'summary': "Robert Edward Jackson ( born April 1 , 1953 ) is a former American football guard who played eleven professional seasons with the National Football League 's Cleveland Browns . Jackson attended Duke University , where he arrived as a quarterback ( a position he played at North Mecklenburg High School ) with his twin brother Ken , a tight end . Robert filled out over his time at Duke , eventually landing on the offensive line . From a humble start as a free agent , Robert was honored as a Cleveland Browns Legend in September 2014 . Robert started working in the insurance business in the offseason during his playing career . He and Doug Dieken eventually formed Jackson Dieken and Associates in Westlake , Ohio , where Robert serves as principal ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_and_Canadian_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'Duke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Duke_Blue_Devils_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1974 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season .'}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Dallas Cowboys season was the team 's sixteenth season in the National Football League ( NFL ) and their sixteenth under head coach Tom Landry . They finished second in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division with a 10-4 regular season record and advanced through the playoffs to Super Bowl X , where they were defeated by the Pittsburgh Steelers . They were also the first wild card team to reach the Super Bowl ."}]}, {'value': 'Percy Howard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Percy_Howard', 'summary': 'Percy Lenard Howard ( born January 21 , 1952 in Savannah , Georgia ) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys . He was an unlikely star for the Cowboys in Super Bowl X . He played college basketball at Austin Peay University .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Austin Peay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austin_Peay_Governors_football', 'summary': "The Austin Peay Governors Football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Austin Peay State University located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) and are members of the Ohio Valley Conference . The school 's first football team was fielded in 1930 . They were previously a member of the Pioneer Football League from 2001 through 2005 . The team plays its home games at the 10,000 seat Fortera Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'OVC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_Valley_Conference', 'summary': "The Ohio Valley Conference ( OVC ) is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States . It participates in Division I of the NCAA ; the conference 's football programs compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ; formerly known as Division I-AA ) , the lower of two levels of Division I football competition . The OVC has 12 members , 9 of which compete in football in the conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Dallas Cowboys season was the team 's sixteenth season in the National Football League ( NFL ) and their sixteenth under head coach Tom Landry . They finished second in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division with a 10-4 regular season record and advanced through the playoffs to Super Bowl X , where they were defeated by the Pittsburgh Steelers . They were also the first wild card team to reach the Super Bowl ."}]}, {'value': 'Jim Zorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Zorn', 'summary': "James Arthur Zorn ( born May 10 , 1953 ) is a former American football player and coach who currently serves as head coach and general manager of the Seattle Dragons of the second incarnation of the XFL . Zorn was a left-handed quarterback , and is best known as the starting quarterback of the Seattle Seahawks for their first eight seasons . He was the quarterbacks coach for the Seattle Seahawks from 2001 until the 2007 season , before being hired by the Washington Redskins to be their head coach starting in the 2008 season . Shortly after being fired following the 2009 season , Zorn was hired as quarterbacks coach of the Baltimore Ravens . Zorn spent one season as the Ravens ' quarterbacks coach before serving two years as the quarterbacks coach of the Kansas City Chiefs in 2011 and 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Cal Poly Pomona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Cal_Poly_Pomona_Broncos_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1974 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team represented California State Polytechnic University , Pomona during the 1974 NCAA Division II football season . Cal Poly Pomona competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association ( CCAA ) . Cal Poly Pomona was led by first-year head coach Andy Vinci . They played home games at Kellogg Field in Pomona , California . The Broncos finished the season with a record of five wins , three losses and two ties ( 5-3-2 , 1-1-2 CCAA ) . Overall , the team outscored its opponents 192-171 for the season .'}]}, {'value': 'CCAA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Collegiate_Athletic_Association', 'summary': 'The California Collegiate Athletic Association ( CCAA ) is a collegiate athletic conference at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . All of its current members are public universities , and all except for UC San Diego are members of the California State University system . It was founded in December 1938 and began competition in 1939 . The interim commissioner of the CCAA is Mitch Cox . CCAA offices are located in San Ramon , California . The CCAA is the most successful conference in NCAA Division II , as its former and current members have won 153 National Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Denver Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Denver_Broncos_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Denver Broncos season was the team 's 16th year in professional football and its sixth with the National Football League ( NFL ) . Led by fourth-year head coach and general manager John Ralston , the Broncos were 6-8 , second in the AFC West , but five games behind the Oakland Raiders , who clinched in late November . Denver opened the season with two wins at home , against the Chiefs and Packers , but won only four of their last twelve games . In their sixteen years of existence , the Broncos had yet to reach the postseason ."}]}, {'value': 'Jack Dolbin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Dolbin', 'summary': 'John Tice Dolbin , Jr. ( October 12 , 1948 - August 1 , 2019 ) was a professional American football wide receiver who played five seasons for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League . He started for the Broncos in Super Bowl XII and played in 62 consecutive games for the Broncos during his five-season tenure with the team . He is considered one of the most successful players that surged from the World Football League . Before his WFL career he played on sandlots for the semi-pro Pottstown Firebirds of the Atlantic Coast Football League and Schuylkill County Coal Crackers of the Seaboard Football League . National College of Chiropractic graduate and nationally recognized expert on chiropractic and sports .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Wake Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Wake_Forest_Demon_Deacons_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1974 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season . In their second season under head coach Chuck Mills , the Demon Deacons compiled a 1-10 record and finished in last place in the Atlantic Coast Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'Denver Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Denver_Broncos_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Denver Broncos season was the team 's 16th year in professional football and its sixth with the National Football League ( NFL ) . Led by fourth-year head coach and general manager John Ralston , the Broncos were 6-8 , second in the AFC West , but five games behind the Oakland Raiders , who clinched in late November . Denver opened the season with two wins at home , against the Chiefs and Packers , but won only four of their last twelve games . In their sixteen years of existence , the Broncos had yet to reach the postseason ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Swenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Swenson', 'summary': "Robert Charles Swenson ( born July 1 , 1953 , in Stockton , California ) played college football for the University of California . He joined the National Football League in 1975 as an undrafted free agent and played professional football as a linebacker for the Denver Broncos . Commenting on the draft for Sports Illustrated in 1978 , Swenson said that The draft is bull , . The scouts for most of the teams are 100 years old , and most of them do n't know what they 're doing . I went to school at Berkeley , and most of the NFL scouts think the students are still rioting in the streets out there . They did n't want to look at me.1 Swenson 's career spanned eight seasons , from 1975 through 1983 . Swenson missed the 1980 season due to an injury . Swenson was part of the famed Orange Crush Defense that propelled the Broncos to Super Bowl XII in January 1978 , at the end of the 1977 season . He was elected to the Pro Bowl after the 1981 season ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_California_Golden_Bears_football_team', 'summary': "The 1974 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California , Berkeley in the Pacific-8 Conference ( Pac-8 ) during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season . In their third year under head coach Mike White , the Golden Bears compiled a 7-3-1 record ( 4-2-1 in Pac-8 , tied for third ) , and were outscored 276 to 213 . The Pac-8 did not allow a second bowl team until the following season ( 1975 ) . The team 's statistical leaders included Steve Bartkowski with 2,580 passing yards , Chuck Muncie with 791 rushing yards , and Steve Rivera with 938 receiving yards ."}]}, {'value': 'Pac-8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pac-12_Conference', 'summary': "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ."}]}, {'value': 'Green Bay Packers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Green_Bay_Packers_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Green Bay Packers season was their 57th season overall and their 55th season in the National Football League . The club posted a 4-10 record under new coach Bart Starr , earning them a fourth-place finish in the NFC Central division . The Packers got off to an 0-4 start , but finally beat the Cowboys in Dallas for Bart Starr 's first coaching win . After a 1-8 start , the Packers would end the season on a positive note winning three of their final five games to finish with a 4-10 record ."}]}, {'value': 'Johnnie Gray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnnie_Gray', 'summary': 'Johnnie Lee Gray ( born December 18 , 1953 ) is an American retired professional football player . Gray was a safety in the National Football League with the Green Bay Packers .'}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Cal State Fullerton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_football_team', 'summary': "The 1974 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team represented California State University , Fullerton during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season . This was Cal State Fullerton 's first year as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association [ note 1 ] but their games against conference opponents did not count in the conference standings until the 1975 season . They had previously been in the California Collegiate Athletic Association ( CCAA ) . The team was led by third-year head coach Pete Yoder , and played home games at Santa Ana Stadium in Santa Ana , California . They finished the season with a record of four wins and seven losses ( 4-7 , 0-0 PCAA ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Big West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_West_Conference', 'summary': "The Big West Conference ( BWC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The conference was originally formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , and in 1988 was renamed the Big West Conference . The conference stopped sponsoring college football after the 2000 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston Oilers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Houston_Oilers_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Houston Oilers season was the team 's 16th year , and sixth in the National Football League . In Bum Phillips first season as Coach the Oilers played competitive football posting their first winning season in seven years with a 10-4 record . All four losses were to the Pittsburgh Steelers , and Cincinnati Bengals who beat out the Oilers for the Division Title and Wild Card spot , respectively . During week 13 , the Oilers defeated the Oakland Raiders who went on to post an 11-3 record and to advance all the way to the AFC Championship game . During the season , the Oilers also defeated Washington and Miami , both of whom had a winning record . It was a three-win improvement over their previous season , and the franchise 's best record since 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'Greg Stemrick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Stemrick', 'summary': 'Gregory Earl Greg Stemrick ( October 25 , 1951 - August 2 , 2016 ) was an American football defensive back in the NFL for the Houston Oilers and New Orleans Saints . Before his professional career , Stemrick played for Colorado State . He then played for the Chicago Fire of the WFL . He died of a heart attack in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_State_Rams_football', 'summary': "The Colorado State Rams football program , established in 1893 , represents Colorado State University and is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision and Mountain West Conference . Rams football teams have had relative success over the years , including winning or sharing the Mountain West title in 1999 , 2000 and 2002 . The team 's head coach role is vacant as of December 2019 . The Rams completed a 49-season tenure at Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium , located four miles west of the school 's campus in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains , in 2016 . The university completed construction of Canvas Stadium , a new on-campus facility , in 2017 . The first game at Canvas Stadium ( then named Colorado State Stadium for only the 2017 season ) was played on August 26 , 2017 , when the Rams defeated the Oregon State Beavers 58-27 . The Rams have long-standing rivalries with Colorado , Wyoming , and Air Force ."}]}, {'value': 'WAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston Oilers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Houston_Oilers_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Houston Oilers season was the team 's 16th year , and sixth in the National Football League . In Bum Phillips first season as Coach the Oilers played competitive football posting their first winning season in seven years with a 10-4 record . All four losses were to the Pittsburgh Steelers , and Cincinnati Bengals who beat out the Oilers for the Division Title and Wild Card spot , respectively . During week 13 , the Oilers defeated the Oakland Raiders who went on to post an 11-3 record and to advance all the way to the AFC Championship game . During the season , the Oilers also defeated Washington and Miami , both of whom had a winning record . It was a three-win improvement over their previous season , and the franchise 's best record since 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ted Thompson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ted_Thompson', 'summary': "Ted Thompson ( born January 17 , 1953 ) is an American football executive for the Green Bay Packers and former player . He was the general manager of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League ( NFL ) from 2005 to 2017 . He was named to the post on January 14 , 2005 , by former Packers president and CEO Bob Harlan . Thompson took over the general manager duties from Mike Sherman , who had been serving as both head coach and general manager . Prior to becoming the Packers ' general manager , Thompson served with the Seattle Seahawks as their vice president of operations from 2000 to 2004 . Thompson had previously worked for the Packers organization from 1992 to 1999 , serving as their assistant director of pro personnel in 1992 , their director of pro personnel from 1993 to 1997 , and their director of player personnel from 1997 to 1999 . Thompson also had a 10-year playing career in the NFL as a linebacker and special teams player with the Houston Oilers from 1975 to 1984 . In May 2019 , Thompson revealed that he had been suffering from an autonomic disorder , and that that was why he would no longer be leading the Packers ' football operations ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'SMU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_SMU_Mustangs_football_team', 'summary': "Dave Smith was the coach of the Southern Methodist University 's football team from 1973 to 1975 . He compiled a 16-15-2 record , and was succeeded by Ron Meyer ."}]}, {'value': 'SWC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southwest_Conference', 'summary': "The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996 . Composed primarily of schools from Texas , at various times the conference included schools from Oklahoma and Arkansas as well , but not from the actual Southwestern United States . For most of its history , the core members of the conference were Texas-based schools plus one in Arkansas : Rice University , Southern Methodist University , Texas A & M University , Texas Christian University , Baylor University , the University of Arkansas , and the University of Texas . After a long period of stability , the conference 's overall athletic prowess began to decline throughout the 1980s , due in part to numerous member schools violating NCAA recruiting rules , culminating in the suspension of the entire SMU football program ( death penalty ) for the 1987 and 1988 seasons . Arkansas , after years of feeling like an outsider in the conference , left after the 1990-91 school year to join the Southeastern Conference , although they did compete in the SWC in football for the 1991 season . Five years later , the conference precipitously broke up as Baylor , Texas , Texas A & M , and Texas Tech ( which had entered in 1956 ) combined with the members of the former Big Eight Conference to form a new league , the Big 12 Conference , while Rice , SMU , TCU , and Houston ( which entered the SWC in 1976 ) found homes in less prominent conferences ( although TCU later joined the Big 12 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Dolphins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Miami_Dolphins_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Miami Dolphins season was the team 's tenth , and sixth in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Although they tied for the division title at 10-4 with the Baltimore Colts , the Colts won the tiebreaker in 1975 with a sweep of both games . The sole wild card in the conference was Cincinnati at 11-3 , so the Dolphins missed the playoffs for the first time since 1969 . The 1975 Dolphins were without running backs Larry Csonka and Jim Kiick and wide receiver Paul Warfield . They signed three-year contracts with the Memphis Southmen in March 1974 to play in the World Football League , beginning in 1975 . The second-year league folded in the season 's twelfth week , and the trio returned to the NFL in 1976 with other teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Earnest Rhone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earnest_Rhone', 'summary': 'Earnest Calvin Earnie Rhone ( born August 20 , 1953 ) is a former American football linebacker who played ten seasons in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins . He is currently the assistant head coach and defensive tackles coach at Texas High School in Texarkana , Texas . He has been at Texas High School since 1993 .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Henderson State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henderson_State_Reddies_football', 'summary': 'The Henderson State Reddies football program is a college football team that represents Henderson State University . The team is a member of the Great American Conference which is in the Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Reddies are currently coached by Scott Maxfield , who is in his seventh year at the university . Home games are played at Carpenter-Haygood Stadium in Arkadelphia , Arkansas . Henderson State shares the longest rivalry in Division II football with Ouachita Baptist University Tigers , the Battle of the Ravine , which began in 1895 . Head Coach Of Auburn , Gus Malzahn is one of their most famous alumni by playing Wide Receiver for the Reddies .'}]}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Intercollegiate_Conference', 'summary': 'The Arkansas Intercollegiate Conference ( AIC ) was an athletic conference in existence from 1928 to 1995 affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ( NAIA ) . The conference membership consisted entirely of colleges and universities in the state of Arkansas .'}]}, {'value': 'New Orleans Saints', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_New_Orleans_Saints_season', 'summary': 'The 1975 New Orleans Saints season was the Saints ninth season and their first in the newly opened Louisiana Superdome . Despite the new stadium , they failed to match their 1974 output of 5-9 , winning only two games and tying the San Diego Chargers for the leagues worst record . Coach John North , who was hired four games into the 1973 exhibition season , was fired following a 38-14 road loss to the Los Angeles Rams in the sixth game . Director of Player Personnel Ernie Hefferle took over for the final eight games . His only win was his first game in charge , a 23-7 victory at home over the hated Atlanta Falcons . The Saints were winless on the road for the fourth time in six seasons , leaving them 3-36-3 away from New Orleans since 1970 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rusty Chambers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rusty_Chambers', 'summary': 'Russell Francis Chambers ( November 12 , 1953 - July 1 , 1981 ) was an American football linebacker . He played for the New Orleans Saints and the Miami Dolphins . He died in a car accident on July 1 , 1981 , near Hammond , Louisiana .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Tulane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Tulane_Green_Wave_football_team', 'summary': "In his fifth and final season with the Green Wave , coach Jim Pittman led Tulane to its first bowl victory since the inaugural Sugar Bowl following the 1934 season . Sadly , he died less than 11 months following the Wave 's 17-3 Liberty Bowl victory over Colorado , suffering a massive heart attack while coaching TCU in its rivalry game vs. Baylor at Waco ."}]}, {'value': 'Ind', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member .'}]}, {'value': 'New Orleans Saints', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_New_Orleans_Saints_season', 'summary': 'The 1975 New Orleans Saints season was the Saints ninth season and their first in the newly opened Louisiana Superdome . Despite the new stadium , they failed to match their 1974 output of 5-9 , winning only two games and tying the San Diego Chargers for the leagues worst record . Coach John North , who was hired four games into the 1973 exhibition season , was fired following a 38-14 road loss to the Los Angeles Rams in the sixth game . Director of Player Personnel Ernie Hefferle took over for the final eight games . His only win was his first game in charge , a 23-7 victory at home over the hated Atlanta Falcons . The Saints were winless on the road for the fourth time in six seasons , leaving them 3-36-3 away from New Orleans since 1970 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sylvester Croom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sylvester_Croom', 'summary': "Sylvester Croom Jr. ( born September 25 , 1954 ) is a retired American football coach . He was the head coach at Mississippi State University from 2004 to 2008 , and the first African American head football coach in the Southeastern Conference . His father , Sylvester Croom Sr. , was himself an All-American football player at Alabama A & M , later the team chaplain at the University of Alabama , and has been recognized by that school as one of the state 's 40 pioneers of civil rights . After his time at Mississippi State , Croom Jr. served as running backs coach for three teams in the National Football League ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football_team', 'summary': "The 1974 Alabama Crimson Tide football team ( variously Alabama , UA or Bama ) represented the University of Alabama in the 1974 NCAA Division I football season . It was the Crimson Tide 's 80th overall and 41st season as a member of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The team was led by head coach Bear Bryant , in his 17th year , and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham , Alabama . They finished season with eleven wins and one loss ( 11-1 overall , 6-0 in the SEC ) , as SEC champions and with a loss to Notre Dame in the Orange Bowl . As they entered the 1974 season , the Crimson Tide were one of the favorites to compete for the national championship . In their first game of the season , Alabama narrowly escaped with a win at Maryland in what was Bryant 's first visit to College Park since he resigned as the Terrapins ' head coach after their 1945 season . They followed with victories over Southern Miss , Vanderbilt and Ole Miss before they played in their closest game of the season against Florida State . Although the Crimson Tide entered their contest against the Seminoles as a heavy favorite , they trailed for nearly the entire game until Bucky Berrey connected on the game-winning field goal from 36-yards out with only 0:33 left in the game . In their next game , Alabama defeated rival Tennessee . After the Vols scored on a second quarter touchdown run , the Crimson Tide defense did not surrender another for 17 consecutive quarters against TCU , Mississippi State , LSU , and Miami . Alabama then closed the season with an Iron Bowl victory over Auburn , but then failed to capture the national championship after they lost to Notre Dame in the Orange Bowl . The loss extended their winless streak in bowl games to eight ( 0-7-1 ) , which ended the following year ."}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Jets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_New_York_Jets_season', 'summary': 'The 1975 New York Jets season was the 16th season for the team and the sixth in the National Football League . It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7-7 record from 1974 under head coach Charley Winner . The Jets failed to do so , and finished with a record of 3-11 , the worst in franchise history at the time . This would be the first of three consecutive 3-11 seasons , as they would repeat this win-loss record in 1976 and 1977 . They tied the New England Patriots for last place in their division , the AFC East , but were awarded fourth place by virtue of their head-to-head sweep over the Patriots during the season . The Jets pass defense surrendered 8.12 yards-per-attempt ( including quarterback sacks ) , the second-most in NFL history . [ note 1 ]'}]}, {'value': 'J. J. Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._J._Jones', 'summary': "John Eddie J. J. Jones ( April 16 , 1952 - July 9 , 2009 ) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League . He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 1975 , the team 's first African-American quarterback . He also played with the Calgary Stampeders of the CFL from 1976-77 . He played college football at Fisk . He was a loving father of 3 children , Kyna Jones , Jonathan Jones , and Jamon Jones . Jones died in a house fire in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Fisk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fisk_Bulldogs_football', 'summary': 'Fisk University is a private historically black university in Nashville , Tennessee . The university was founded in 1866 and its 40-acre ( 160,000 m2 ) campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places . In 1930 , Fisk was the first African-American institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . Accreditations for specialized programs soon followed . Although the university remains accredited by SACS , the university was placed on probation in June 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oakland Raiders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Oakland_Raiders_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Oakland Raiders season was the team 's 16th season , and 6th in the National Football League . The 1975 season would be George Blanda 's final season in the NFL . Blanda retired with two significant records : the most seasons in American professional football ( 26 ) , and most games played ( 340 ) . The Raiders would finish the season with an 11-3 record and won the AFC West for the 4th straight year . They also made the playoffs for the 4th straight season . In the playoffs , the Raiders stunned the Cincinnati Bengals 31-28 in the Divisional Round . In the AFC Championship game , their third straight , they lost to the Steelers for the second straight season 16-10 . Opposing quarterbacks had a passer-rating of 37.2 against Oakland in 1975 , the second-lowest total of the Super Bowl era ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Reinfeldt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Reinfeldt', 'summary': "Michael Ray Reinfeldt ( born May 6 , 1953 ) is a former American football player and executive . He attended the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and was the captain of the Panthers in their last season of varsity football in 1974 . Reinfeldt played as a safety for eight seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) , with the Oakland Raiders in 1976 and with the Houston Oilers from 1976 to 1983 . In 2007 , he was named general manager of the NFL 's Tennessee Titans . An All-Pro safety with the team from 1976 to 1983 in Houston , he re-joined the franchise after spending seven years with the Seattle Seahawks ."}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin-Milwaukee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Milwaukee_Panthers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1974 Milwaukee Panthers football team represented the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in the 1974 NCAA Division II football season . The Panthers offense scored 208 points while the defense allowed 170 points .'}]}, {'value': 'Ind . ( Div . III )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_independent_schools', 'summary': "NCAA Division III independent schools are four-year institutions that compete in college athletics at the NCAA 's Division III level , but do so independently of an established athletic conference . These institutions often compete as members of an intercollegiate athletic conference in some sports . The reason for independent status varies among institutions , but it is frequently because the school 's primary athletic conference does not sponsor a particular sport ."}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Steelers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise 's 43rd in the National Football League . They would be the second championship team in club history . This Steelers team entered the beginning of the season as defending champions for the first time in their 40-year history . The team was led by a dominating defense and a quick offense , and won Super Bowl X over the Dallas Cowboys , 21-17 . The 1975 Steelers had one of the best defensive teams of all time . The team posted their best defensive numbers since 1946 , and scored more points than any other Steelers team to that point ."}]}, {'value': 'John Banaszak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Banaszak', 'summary': 'John Arthur Banaszak ( born August 24 , 1950 ) is an American football coach and former player . He was formerly the head football coach at Robert Morris University . Banaszak played in the National Football League with the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1975 to 1981 . He is a three-time Super Bowl Champion . Banaszak was a starter at right defensive end for the Steelers in Super Bowl XIII and Super Bowl XIV . He later played in the United States Football League ( USFL ) , winning a championship as a starting defensive end for the Michigan Panthers in 1983 . Banazak played for Michigan in 1983 and 1984 and for the Memphis Showboats in 1985 . After his football career , owned a chain of oil change centers and worked for the Peters Township Recreation Department . In 1995 , Banaszak became defensive coordinator of Washington & Jefferson College football team . He was promoted to head coach in 1999 . He was fired from W & J after publicly exploring other coaching jobs . He left the college as the third-most winning coach in school history .'}]}, {'value': 'DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Eastern_Michigan_Hurons_football_team', 'summary': "The 1974 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan University as an independent during the 1974 NCAA Division II football season . In their first season under head coach George Mans , the Hurons compiled a 4-6-1 record and were outscored by their opponents , 178 to 143 . Coach Mans had been an assistant football coach at the University of Michigan since 1966 . He was hired by Eastern Michigan in February 1974 . In his first season as head coach , the Hurons started the season with only one win in the first four games , but the team finished strong , going 3-2-1 in the final five games . The team 's victories were against Western Michigan ( 20-19 ) , Northern Michigan ( 24-0 ) , Ball State ( 17-9 ) , and Toledo ( 28-12 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'San Francisco 49ers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_San_Francisco_49ers_season', 'summary': "The 1975 San Francisco 49ers was their 26th Season in the NFL and the teams ' 30th Season . Head Coach Dick Nolan and his squad came into the 1975 Season to improve on a 6-8 season in 1974 . However , for the second time in three seasons , the team finished with a disappointing 5-9 record , missing the playoffs for the third consecutive season . Head Coach Dick Nolan was let go after the season . The highlight of the season was a 24-23 victory over the Rams in Los Angeles ."}]}, {'value': 'Bill Larson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Larson', 'summary': 'William Harry Larson ( born October 7 , 1953 in Greenfield , Iowa ) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League for the San Francisco 49ers , Detroit Lions , Washington Redskins , Philadelphia Eagles , Denver Broncos , and the Green Bay Packers . He played college football at Colorado State University .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_State_Rams_football', 'summary': "The Colorado State Rams football program , established in 1893 , represents Colorado State University and is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision and Mountain West Conference . Rams football teams have had relative success over the years , including winning or sharing the Mountain West title in 1999 , 2000 and 2002 . The team 's head coach role is vacant as of December 2019 . The Rams completed a 49-season tenure at Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium , located four miles west of the school 's campus in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains , in 2016 . The university completed construction of Canvas Stadium , a new on-campus facility , in 2017 . The first game at Canvas Stadium ( then named Colorado State Stadium for only the 2017 season ) was played on August 26 , 2017 , when the Rams defeated the Oregon State Beavers 58-27 . The Rams have long-standing rivalries with Colorado , Wyoming , and Air Force ."}]}, {'value': 'WAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington Redskins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Washington_Redskins_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Washington Redskins season was the franchise 's 44th season in the National Football League ( NFL ) and their 39th in Washington , D.C . The team failed to improve on their 10-4 record from 1974 and finished 8-6 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pete Wysocki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pete_Wysocki', 'summary': 'Peter Joseph Wysocki ( October 3 , 1948 - June 14 , 2003 ) was an American football linebacker who played his entire six-year career with the Washington Redskins from 1975 to 1980 in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Wysocki previously played four seasons in the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats , Toronto Argonauts and Saskatchewan Roughriders .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Western Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Western_Michigan_Broncos_football_team', 'summary': "The 1974 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season . In their 11th season under head coach Bill Doolittle , the Broncos compiled a 3-8 record ( 0-5 against MAC opponents ) , finished in sixth place in the MAC , and were outscored by their opponents , 269 to 187 . The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo , Michigan . The team 's statistical leaders included Paul Jorgensen with 701 passing yards , Dan Matthews with 769 rushing yards , and Greg Cowser with 403 receiving yards . Tight end Greg Crowser and quarterback Paul Jorgensen were the team captains . Halfback Dan Matthews received the team 's most outstanding player award . On November 18 , 1974 , after mounting pressure for a change in the school 's football coach , Doolittle resigned . In 11 years as head coach , Doolittle compiled a 58-49-2 record at Western Michigan ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Notable undrafted players', 'section_text': '† = Pro Bowler [ 3 ]', 'uid': '1975_NFL_Draft_0', 'intro': 'The 1975 National Football League draft was held January 28-29, 1975, at the New York Hilton at Rockefeller Center in New York City, New York.'} | null | null | What is the current football arena of the university attended by Greg Stemrick ? | Canvas Stadium |
0b9e49444337a91d | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships', 'title': '2000 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Athlete', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Tergat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Tergat', 'summary': 'Paul Kibii Tergat ( born 17 June 1969 ) is a Kenyan former professional long distance runner . He became the first Kenyan to set the world record in the marathon from 2003 to 2007 , with a time of 2:04:55 , and is regarded as one of the most accomplished long-distance runners of all time . Runnerworld called him the Most comprehensive runner of all time . Towards the end of his career he concentrated exclusively on the marathon . Tergat set several world records and won many titles on the track , in cross country , and on the road . He lives and trains in Eldoret .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:03:47', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faustin Baha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faustin_Baha', 'summary': 'Phaustin Baha Sulle ( born 30 May 1982 in Arusha ) is a Tanzanian long-distance runner who specializes in the half marathon and marathon . He won the silver medal at the 2000 World Half Marathon Championships . In 1999 he won the Paris Half Marathon and set a course record at the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale .'}]}, {'value': 'Tanzania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tanzania', 'summary': "Tanzania ( /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ , [ note 2 ] Swahili : [ tanzaˈni.a ] ) , officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ) , is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region . It borders Uganda to the north ; Kenya to the northeast ; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east ; Mozambique and Malawi to the south ; Zambia to the southwest ; and Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west . Mount Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania , such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils . The genus Australopithecus ranged all over Africa 4 to 2 million years ago ; and the oldest remains of the genus Homo are found near Lake Olduvai . Following the rise of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago , humanity spread all over the Old World , and later in the New World and Australia under the species Homo sapiens . Homo sapiens also overtook Africa and absorbed the older archaic species and subspecies of humanity . One of the oldest known ethnic groups still existing , the Hadzabe , appears to have originated in Tanzania , and their oral history recalls ancestors who were tall and were the first to use fire , medicine , and lived in caves , much like Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis who lived in the same region before them . Later in the Stone and Bronze Age , prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia ; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago ; and the Southern Nilotes , including the Datoog , who originated from the present-day South Sudan-Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago . : page 18 These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas . They subsequently migrated across the rest of Tanzania between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago . German rule began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa ."}]}, {'value': '1:03:48', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tesfaye Jifar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tesfaye_Jifar', 'summary': "Tesfaye Jifar ( Amharic : ተስፋዬ ጅፋር ) born April 23 , 1976 ) is a male Ethiopian long-distance runner . Jifar won the New York City Marathon in 2001 , his time of 2:07:43 standing as the course record for ten years . The same year he was second at the Tokyo Marathon and won the Saint Silvester Marathon held in Brazil . At the Amsterdam Marathon in 1999 he was second and broke the Ethiopian record held by Belayneh Dinsamo . Jifar 's time of 2:06:49 hours remains his personal record . Tesfaye Jifar is a three-time medalist from IAAF World Half Marathon Championships , he won bronze in 1999 and 2000 and silver in 2001 . At the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton Jifar finished seventh in the marathon race ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:03:50', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph Kimani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Kimani', 'summary': 'Joseph Kimani ( September 1 , 1972 - November 1 , 2012 ) was a Kenyan long-distance runner who competed over 10,000 metres on the track and in road running competitions . In his native country , he was commonly referred to as KK for Kimani Karanja . In other parts of the world , he was king of the road . He was the Superstar of most road races in the 1990s . He won 11 of the 13 road races in one season and finished second in 2 of them .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:03:52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Ruto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Ruto', 'summary': 'David Kiptarus Ruto ( born 1980 ) is a Kenyan former long-distance runner who competed in road races . He was the team gold medallist at the 2000 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships alongside Paul Tergat and Joseph Kimani , having finished fifth individually . Ruto competed from 2000 to 2009 and his biggest win was at the 2003 Miami Marathon . He also had runner-up finishes at the Three Hearts Marathon , Brussels Marathon and Mumbai Marathon . He ran the marathon in under two hours and ten minutes on two occasions , including 2:09:21 for third at the 2003 Eindhoven Marathon and 2:08:21 hours at the 2003 Paris Marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:03:59', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Gwako', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Gwako', 'summary': 'John Gwako ( born 4 September 1978 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner . He won the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale half-marathon in 1997 , setting a course record of 1:00:27 . After suffering from injuries for quite some time , he is now planning a comeback in 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:04:16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zebedayo Bayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zebedayo_Bayo', 'summary': 'Zebedayo Bayo ( born 20 May 1976 in Arusha ) is a Tanzanian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon . He won the City-Pier-City Loop half marathon in the Hague in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tanzania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tanzania', 'summary': "Tanzania ( /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ , [ note 2 ] Swahili : [ tanzaˈni.a ] ) , officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ) , is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region . It borders Uganda to the north ; Kenya to the northeast ; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east ; Mozambique and Malawi to the south ; Zambia to the southwest ; and Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west . Mount Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania , such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils . The genus Australopithecus ranged all over Africa 4 to 2 million years ago ; and the oldest remains of the genus Homo are found near Lake Olduvai . Following the rise of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago , humanity spread all over the Old World , and later in the New World and Australia under the species Homo sapiens . Homo sapiens also overtook Africa and absorbed the older archaic species and subspecies of humanity . One of the oldest known ethnic groups still existing , the Hadzabe , appears to have originated in Tanzania , and their oral history recalls ancestors who were tall and were the first to use fire , medicine , and lived in caves , much like Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis who lived in the same region before them . Later in the Stone and Bronze Age , prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia ; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago ; and the Southern Nilotes , including the Datoog , who originated from the present-day South Sudan-Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago . : page 18 These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas . They subsequently migrated across the rest of Tanzania between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago . German rule began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa ."}]}, {'value': '1:04:25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oscar Fernández', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Óscar_Fernández_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Óscar Fernández Giralda ( born October 23 , 1974 ) is a retired male long-distance runner from Spain . He set his personal best ( 2:09:59 ) in the marathon on December 12 , 2003 in Fukuoka , Japan . He is currently a coach of a group of athletes belonging to the Isaac Viciosa athletics school . He also runs his own school of athletics in Tudela de Duero ( Valladolid ) , called Santinos .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '1:04:25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marco Mazza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marco_Mazza', 'summary': 'Marco Mazza ( born 25 June 1977 ) is an Italian long-distance runner who specializes in the 10,000 metres and half marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '1:04:26', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noureddine Betim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Algeria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algeria', 'summary': 'Algeria ( /ælˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) al-JEER-ee-ə ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . The capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast . With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres ( 919,595 sq mi ) , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in the African Union and Arab World . With an estimated population of over 42 million , it is among the ten most populous states in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . It is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes ( counties ) . Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Zayyanids , Spaniards , Ottomans and , finally , the French colonial empire . Algeria is a regional and middle power . It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent , based largely on energy exports . Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa , supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget .'}]}, {'value': '1:04:40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toshiyuki Hayata', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:04:55', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ibrahim Seid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:05:19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faustino Reynoso', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '1:05:34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gemechu Kebede', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:05:36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Koen Allaert', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1:05:41', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohamed Awol', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:05:51', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clint Verran', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '1:05:56', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Satoshi Irifune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Satoshi_Irifune', 'summary': 'Satoshi Irifune ( 入船 敏 , Irifune Satoshi , born 14 December 1975 ) is a Japanese long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon . In the 10,000 metres he finished 20th at the 1999 World Championships . He finished eighteenth at the 2000 World Half Marathon Championships , and in the marathon he finished 20th at the 2005 World Championships , fourth at the 2006 Asian Games [ citation needed ] and 14th at the 2009 World Championships . His personal best times are 7:56.80 minutes in the 3000 metres , achieved in June 2003 in Kushiro ; 27:53.92 minutes in the 10,000 metres , achieved in May 2001 in Palo Alto ; 1:01:36 hours in the half marathon , achieved in April 2005 in Yamaguchi ; and 2:09:23 hours in the marathon , achieved in December 2008 in the Fukuoka Marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:06:08', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Mofokeng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mofokeng_(athlete)', 'summary': 'George Mofokeng ( born 19 February 1979 ) is a long-distance runner from South Africa , who twice won the national marathon title in his native country : in 2006 and 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': '1:06:12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bethuel Netshifhefhe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': '1:06:18', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Race Results -- Men 's", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2000_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships_0', 'intro': 'The 9th IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held on November 12, 2000 in the city of Veracruz, Mexico. A total of 182 athletes, 121 men and 61 women, from 52 countries took part. Detailed reports on the event and an appraisal of the results was given. Complete results were published.'} | null | null | What year did the runner who finished right behind Faustin Baha at the 2000 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships win the New York City Marathon ? | 2001 |
0b9e83b2a393528e | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'Kazakhstan at the 2012 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Vinokourov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Vinokourov', 'summary': "Alexander Nikolayevich Vinokourov ( Kazakh : Александр Николаевич Винокуров ; born 16 September 1973 ) is a Kazakh former professional road bicycle racer and current general manager of UCI ProTeam Astana . As a competitor , his achievements include two bronze medals at the World Championships , four stage wins in the Tour de France , four in the Vuelta a España plus the overall title in 2006 , two Liège-Bastogne-Liège monuments , one Amstel Gold Race , and most recently , the gold medal at the 2012 London Olympics Men 's Road Race . Vinokourov is a past national champion of Kazakhstan , and a dual-medalist at the Summer Olympics . In 2007 , he received a two-year ban from cycling for blood doping . In 2019 , he was accused of race fixing by prosecutors in Liège . Vinokourov began cycling in 1984 as an 11-year-old , competing within the former Soviet Union . He moved to France in 1997 to finish his amateur career , and then turned professional there in 1998 . After almost a decade as a professional , Vinokourov was caught blood doping during the 2007 Tour de France , which triggered the withdrawal of the entire Astana team from that year 's race . After a 2-year suspension from competition , he returned to cycling in August 2009 , riding first for the national team of Kazakhstan and then for his beloved Astana . A serious crash during the 2011 Tour de France threatened to prematurely end Vinokourov 's career for a second time , but he announced he would continue for one more season in 2012 - with an eye towards competing in the Olympic Games in London . There , Vinokourov played the role of ultimate spoiler when he dramatically won the gold medal in the men 's road race after breaking-away in the closing miles with Colombian Rigoberto Urán . Vinokourov retired after the Olympics and assumed management duties with Astana for 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The cycling competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place at five venues between 28 July and 12 August . The venues were the London Velopark for track cycling and BMX , and Hadleigh Farm , in Essex , for mountain biking . The road races took place over a course starting and ending in The Mall in central London and heading out into Surrey , while the time trials started and finished at Hampton Court Palace in Richmond upon Thames . Eighteen events were contested and around 500 athletes participated . Cycling events have been contested in every Summer Olympics programme since the first modern Olympiad in 1896 alongside athletics , artistic gymnastics , fencing and swimming . Compared to the cycling at the 2008 Olympics , there were many changes in the Olympic track cycling programme . The men 's and women 's individual pursuit and points race , and the men 's Madison were removed . Team sprint , team pursuit and keirin were added to the women 's programme , while Omnium was a new race for both men and women . Countries were restricted to one entry per track event , a restriction which seemed to be directed at preventing the British team from double-medalling in the same event as they had in four events in 2008 , thus lowering their medal chances . However , similar to the 2008 Beijing Games , the cycling events were dominated by the British team , which , with a haul including eight gold medals , was the only one to win more than a single gold medal ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's road race", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_individual_road_race", 'summary': "The men 's road race , one of the cycling events at the 2012 Olympic Games in London , took place on 28 July at 10 a.m. in central and southwest London and north Surrey , starting and finishing on The Mall . Samuel Sánchez of Spain would have been the defending champion , but due to an injury incurred at the 2012 Tour de France he could not compete . It was anticipated over one million people would line the route - a record for an Olympic event if reached . The race was won by Kazakhstan 's Alexander Vinokourov . He sprinted clear of Colombia 's Rigoberto Urán , who claimed the silver medal . Alexander Kristoff of Norway won the sprint from the following group to take bronze ."}]}, {'value': '28 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olga Rypakova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olga_Rypakova', 'summary': "Olga Rypakova ( Russian : Ольга Сергеевна Рыпакова ; née Alekseyeva ; 30 November 1984 ) is a Kazakh track and field athlete . Originally a heptathlete , she switched to focus on the long jump and began to compete in the triple jump after 2007 . Her first successes came in the combined events at Asian competitions - she won the women 's pentathlon at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games and took the heptathlon gold at the 2006 Asian Games the following year . She competed in both jumping events at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and finished fourth in the triple jump with an Asian record of 15.11 metres . Rypakova has represented Kazakhstan at the 2007 and 2009 World Championships in Athletics . She reached the world podium for the first time at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships , where she took gold with an Asian indoor record jump of 15.14 m. She won the gold medal in triple jump at the 2012 London Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The athletics competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held during the last 10 days of the Games , on 3-12 August . Track and field events took place at the Olympic Stadium in east London . The road events , however , started and finished on The Mall in central London . Over 2,000 athletes from 201 nations competed in 47 events in total , with both men and women having a very similar schedule of events . Men competed in 24 events and women in 23 , of which 21 were the same for both . The women 's schedule lacked the 50 km race walk and included 100 m hurdles and heptathlon as opposed to the men 's 110 m hurdles and decathlon . The youngest participant in the athletics competition was Andorran 15-year-old Cristina Llovera while the oldest was 46-year-old Ukrainian Oleksandr Dryhol . South African Oscar Pistorius became the first amputee sprinter to compete at the Olympics ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's triple jump", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_triple_jump", 'summary': "The Women 's triple jump competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom . The event was held at the Olympic Stadium on 3-5 August . Greece 's Paraskevi Papachristou was sent home by the national delegation for comments she made on Twitter . Four athletes achieved the automatic qualifier , Kimberly Williams and home team favorite Yamilé Aldama , just two weeks short of her 40th birthday , hit the mark in their first attempt . Olga Rypakova 's third round jump of 14.79 led the way , while it took 14.16 to make the final . The only returning medalist from 2008 was Tatyana Lebedeva , but at 36 , she was jumping more than 1.20 m less than four years ago . Fourth place from that competition Olga Rypakova took the lead in the first round . Hanna Knyazyeva edged ahead in the second round . In the third round Caterine Ibargüen took the lead briefly , but then Rypakova hit the winner at 14.98 on the next jump . In the final round , Olha Saladukha nailed her best jump to move into silver medal position . Two jumps later , Ibargüen bested that by a mere centimeter to push Saladukha back to bronze . Rypakova 's winning jump was 13 cm less than her 4th place jump , even less than the 6th place jump in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '5 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Serik Sapiyev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serik_Sapiyev', 'summary': 'Serik Sapiyev ( Kazakh : Серік Жұманғалиұлы Сәпиев , born November 16 , 1983 ) is an amateur boxer from Kazakhstan who won the world title in the light welterweight ( -64 kg ) division in 2005 and 2007 and Olympic Gold 2012 at welterweight . Sapiyev has signed up for the new AIBA professional league , called AIBA Pro Boxing ( APB ) , which will launch in autumn 2013 . He won the Val Barker Trophy for best boxer at the London Olympic Games in 2012 . Now he works as general director of WSB .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The boxing tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . A total of 286 competitors took part in 13 events . For the first time at an Olympic Games , women competed in three boxing events . The first Olympic gold medal in women 's boxing was awarded to Nicola Adams from Great Britain , who won the flyweight tournament on 9 August 2012 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's welterweight", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_welterweight", 'summary': "The men 's welterweight boxing competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held between 31 July and 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . Twenty-eight boxers from 28 nations competed ."}]}, {'value': '12 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adilbek Niyazymbetov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adilbek_Niyazymbetov', 'summary': 'Adilbek Sabituly Niyazymbetov ( Kazakh : Әділбек Сәбитұлы Ниязымбетов ; born 19 May 1989 ) is an Uzbekistani-born amateur light-heavyweight boxer who competes for Kazakhstan . He won silver medals at the world championships in 2011 and 2013 and at the Summer Olympics in 2012 and 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The boxing tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . A total of 286 competitors took part in 13 events . For the first time at an Olympic Games , women competed in three boxing events . The first Olympic gold medal in women 's boxing was awarded to Nicola Adams from Great Britain , who won the flyweight tournament on 9 August 2012 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's light heavyweight", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_light_heavyweight", 'summary': "The men 's light heavyweight boxing competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 30 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . Twenty-six boxers from 26 nations are competing ."}]}, {'value': '12 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniyal Gadzhiyev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniyal_Gadzhiyev', 'summary': "Daniyal Gadzhiyev ( born 20 February 1986 in Kizilyurt , Dagestan ) is a Kazakhstani born-Dagestani wrestler who competes for Republic of Kazakhstan . He won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Greco-Roman men 's 84 kg event ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics were held between 5 and 12 August , the final day of the Games , at ExCeL London . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which were further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events , with 18 gold medals awarded . Wrestling has been contested at every modern Summer Olympic Games , except Paris 1900 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Greco-Roman 84 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_Greco-Roman_84_kg", 'summary': "Men 's Greco-Roman 84 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place on 6 August at ExCeL London . This Greco-Roman wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament , with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals . The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals . Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage , culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket . Each bout consists of up to three rounds , lasting two minutes apiece . The wrestler who scores more points in each round is the winner of that rounds ; the bout ends when one wrestler has won two rounds ( and thus the match ) ."}]}, {'value': '6 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marina Volnova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marina_Volnova', 'summary': "Marina Ivanovna Volnova ( Russian : Марина Ивановна Вольнова ; born 26 July 1989 in Kzyl-Orda , Kazakh SSR , Soviet Union ) is a Kazakhstani female amateur boxer . She won the bronze medal in the Women 's boxing middleweight 75kg category in the 2012 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The boxing tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . A total of 286 competitors took part in 13 events . For the first time at an Olympic Games , women competed in three boxing events . The first Olympic gold medal in women 's boxing was awarded to Nicola Adams from Great Britain , who won the flyweight tournament on 9 August 2012 ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's middleweight", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_middleweight", 'summary': "The women 's middleweight boxing competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 5 to 9 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . For the first time at an Olympic Games , the 10 men 's boxing events were joined by three women 's events : flyweight , lightweight and middleweight ."}]}, {'value': '8 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guzel Manyurova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guzel_Manyurova', 'summary': 'Guzel Tagirkyzy Manyurova ( Tatar : Гүзәл Таһир кызы Манюрова ; born 24 January 1978 ) is a Tatar freestyle wrestler who competed for Russia and Kazakhstan . She won three medals at the 2004 , 2012 and 2016 Olympics . Manyurova graduated from the Moscow Veterinarian Academy . Until 2009 she trained at Dynamo Moscow and competed for Russia . She later moved to Alma Ata .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics were held between 5 and 12 August , the final day of the Games , at ExCeL London . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which were further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events , with 18 gold medals awarded . Wrestling has been contested at every modern Summer Olympic Games , except Paris 1900 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's freestyle 72 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_freestyle_72_kg", 'summary': "Women 's freestyle 72 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place on 9 August at ExCeL London . This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament , with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals . The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals . Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage , which culminates in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket . Each bout consists of up to three rounds , lasting two minutes apiece . The wrestler who scores more points in each round is the winner of that round ; the bout ends when one wrestler has won two rounds ( and thus the match ) ."}]}, {'value': '9 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivan Dychko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivan_Dychko', 'summary': 'Ivan Fyodorovich Dychko ( Russian : Иван Фёдорович Дычко ; born on 11 August 1990 in Kazakh SSR , USSR ) is a Kazakhstani boxer , known for winning two bronze medals at super heavyweight at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The boxing tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . A total of 286 competitors took part in 13 events . For the first time at an Olympic Games , women competed in three boxing events . The first Olympic gold medal in women 's boxing was awarded to Nicola Adams from Great Britain , who won the flyweight tournament on 9 August 2012 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's super heavyweight", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_super_heavyweight", 'summary': "The men 's super heavyweight boxing competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 1 to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . Sixteen boxers from different countries competed ."}]}, {'value': '10 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akzhurek Tanatarov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akzhurek_Tanatarov', 'summary': 'Akzhurek Dostykuly Tanatarov ( Kazakh : Ақжүрек Достықұлы Таңатаров ; born 3 September 1986 ) is a Kazakh freestyle wrestler . At the 2012 Summer Olympics he was defeated in the semifinal round of the 66 kg freestyle event by Sushil Kumar of India . He won a bronze medal in the repechage round , beating Ramazan Şahin in his bronze medal match .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics were held between 5 and 12 August , the final day of the Games , at ExCeL London . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which were further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events , with 18 gold medals awarded . Wrestling has been contested at every modern Summer Olympic Games , except Paris 1900 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 66 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_66_kg", 'summary': "Men 's freestyle 66 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place on 12 August at ExCeL London . This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament , with a repechage used to determine the winners of two bronze medals . The two finalists faced off for gold and silver medals . Each wrestler who lost to one of the two finalists moved into the repechage , culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket . Each bout consisted of up to three rounds , lasting two minutes apiece . The wrestler who scored more points in each round was the winner of that rounds ; the bout finished when one wrestler had won two rounds ( and thus the match ) ."}]}, {'value': '12 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Nurmukhambetova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Nurmukhambetova', 'summary': 'Anna Nurmukhambetova ( born 28 July 1993 in Kokshetau , Kazakhstan ) is a Kazakhstani weightlifter representing Kazakhstan . She finished fifth in the 69kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Weightlifting competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London were held from 28 July to 7 August in the ExCeL venue . Fifteen gold medals were awarded and 260 athletes took part ( 156 men and 104 women ) .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 69 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_69_kg", 'summary': "The Women 's 69 kg weightlifting event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '1 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daulet Shabanbay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daulet_Shabanbay', 'summary': 'Daulet Shabanbay ( born 9 August 1983 in Pavlodar ) is a Kazakhstani freestyle wrestler . He competed in the freestyle 120 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and lost the bronze medal match to Bilyal Makhov . He was awarded a bronze in 2019 after the original gold and silver medalists were stripped for failing drug tests .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics were held between 5 and 12 August , the final day of the Games , at ExCeL London . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which were further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events , with 18 gold medals awarded . Wrestling has been contested at every modern Summer Olympic Games , except Paris 1900 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 120 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_120_kg", 'summary': "Men 's freestyle 120 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place on 11 August at ExCeL London . This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament , with a repechage used to determine the winners of two bronze medals . The two finalists faced off for gold and silver medals . Each wrestler who lost to one of the two finalists moved into the repechage , culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket . Each bout consisted of up to three rounds , lasting two minutes apiece . The wrestler who scored more points in each round was the winner of that rounds ; the bout finished when one wrestler had won two rounds ( and thus the match ) . China 's Liang Lei was on the start list but did not compete . In January 2019 , Georgia 's Davit Modzmanashvili , who originally won the silver medal , was disqualified after testing positive for banned substances . On 23 July 2019 , it was announced that as a result of retesting samples , original gold medalist Artur Taymazov was also disqualified ."}]}, {'value': '11 August', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Kazakhstan_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': "Kazakhstan competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's fifth appearance at the Summer Olympics in the post-Soviet era. National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan sent a total of 115 athletes to the Games, 74 men and 41 women, to compete in 16 sports. The nation's team size was roughly 15 athletes smaller compared to the team sent to Beijing, and had the second largest share of men in its Summer Olympic history. Men's water polo was the only team-based sport in which Kazakhstan was represented in these Olympic games. Among the sports played by the athletes, Kazakhstan marked its official Olympic debut in tennis. Kazakhstan left London with a total of 13 medals (7 gold, 1 silver, and 5 bronze), finishing twelfth in the overall medal standings. This was the nation's most successful Olympics with the most number of gold medals, surpassing its previous records obtained in Atlanta and in Sydney where the nation had won three golds. Four of these medals were awarded to the athletes in weightlifting, which is Kazakhstan's most powerful Olympic sport along with boxing. Among the nation's medalists were weightlifter Ilya Ilin, who managed to defend his Olympic title from Beijing, and triple jumper Olga Rypakova, who became the second Kazakh track and field athlete to win the gold after 12 years. Professional cyclist Alexander Vinokourov, who competed at his fourth Olympics since 1996, won Kazakhstan's first ever gold medal in the men's road race. In 2016, following a series of positive drugs tests found during retests of 2012 samples, Kazakhstani athletes were stripped of a series of medals, including all four golds in weightlifting."} | null | null | What sport is the participant who competed in jumping events at the 2008 Beijing Olympics ? | Athletics |
0b9e9a725c42bdea | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci', 'title': 'List of works by Leonardo da Vinci', 'header': ['Details', 'Pages', 'Notes', 'Dates'], 'data': [{'value': 'Codex Atlanticus C.A . Pinacoteca Ambrosiana , Milan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Codex_Atlanticus', 'summary': "The Codex Atlanticus ( Atlantic Codex ) is a twelve-volume , bound set of drawings and writings ( in Italian ) by Leonardo da Vinci , the largest such set ; its name indicates the large paper used to preserve original Leonardo notebook pages , which was that used for atlases . It comprises 1,119 leaves dating from 1478 to 1519 , the contents covering a great variety of subjects , from flight to weaponry to musical instruments and from mathematics to botany . This codex was gathered in the late 16th century by the sculptor Pompeo Leoni , who dismembered some of Leonardo 's notebooks in its formation . It is currently preserved at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan ."}]}, {'value': '1,119', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12 volumes , collated by the sculptor Pompeo Leoni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pompeo_Leoni', 'summary': 'Leone Leoni ( ca . 1509 - 22 July 1590 ) was an Italian sculptor of international outlook who travelled in Italy , Germany , Austria , France , Spain and the Netherlands . Leoni is regarded as the finest of the Cinquecento medallists . He made his reputation in commissions he received from the Habsburg monarchs Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor and Philip II of Spain . His usual medium was bronze , although he also worked in marble and alabaster , carved gemstones and probably left some finished work in wax ( in which many of his sculptures were modelled ) , as well as designing coins . He mainly produced portraits , and was repeatedly used by the Spanish , and also the Austrian , Habsburgs .'}]}, {'value': '1478-1519', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex Windsor W. Royal Collection , Windsor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Collection', 'summary': "The Royal Collection of the British Royal family is the largest private art collection in the world . Spread among 13 occupied and historic royal residences in the United Kingdom , the collection is owned by Elizabeth II and overseen by the Royal Collection Trust . The Queen owns some of the collection in right of the Crown and some as a private individual . It is made up of over one million objects , including 7,000 paintings , over 150,000 works on paper , this including 30,000 watercolours and drawings , and about 450,000 photographs , as well as tapestries , furniture , ceramics , textiles , carriages , weapons , armour , jewellery , clocks , musical instruments , tableware , plants , manuscripts , books , and sculptures . Some of the buildings which house the collection , like Hampton Court Palace , are open to the public and not lived in by the Royal Family , whilst others , like Windsor Castle and Kensington Palace , are both residences and open to the public . The Queen 's Gallery at Buckingham Palace in London was built specially to exhibit pieces from the collection on a rotating basis . There is a similar art gallery next to the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh , and a Drawings Gallery at Windsor Castle . The Crown Jewels are on public display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London . About 3,000 objects are on loan to museums throughout the world , and many others are lent on a temporary basis to exhibitions ."}]}, {'value': '153', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1478-1518', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex Arundel B.L. , Arundel MS. or Br.M . British Library , London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Codex_Arundel', 'summary': 'Codex Arundel , ( British Library , Arundel , 263 ) is a bound collection of pages of notes written by Leonardo da Vinci and dating mostly from between 1480 and 1518 . The codex contains a number of treatises on a variety of subjects , including mechanics and geometry . The name of the codex came from the Earl of Arundel , who acquired it in Spain in the 1630s . It forms part of the British Library Arundel Manuscripts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/British_Museum', 'summary': 'The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/British_Library', 'summary': "The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and the second largest library in the world by number of items catalogued . It is estimated to contain 150 million+ items from many countries . As a legal deposit library , the British Library receives copies of all books produced in the United Kingdom and Ireland , including a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the UK . The Library is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture , Media and Sport . The British Library is a major research library , with items in many languages and in many formats , both print and digital : books , manuscripts , journals , newspapers , magazines , sound and music recordings , videos , play-scripts , patents , databases , maps , stamps , prints , drawings . The Library 's collections include around 14 million books , along with substantial holdings of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 2000 BC . In addition to receiving a copy of every publication produced in the UK and Ireland ( approximately 8,000 per day ) , the Library has a programme for content acquisitions . The Library adds some three million items every year occupying 9.6 kilometres ( 6.0 mi ) of new shelf space . There is space in the library for over 1,200 readers . Prior to 1973 , the Library was part of the British Museum . The British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The Library is now located in a purpose-built building on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras , London ( between Euston railway station and St Pancras railway station ) , and has a document storage centre and reading room near Boston Spa , near Wetherby in West Yorkshire ."}]}, {'value': '283', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1480-1518', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex Trivulzianus Triv . Biblioteca Trivulziana , Castello Sforzesco , Milan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Codex_Trivulzianus', 'summary': "The Codex Trivulzianus is a manuscript by Leonardo da Vinci that originally contained 62 sheets , but today only 55 remain . It documents Leonardo 's attempts to improve his modest literary education , through long lists of learned words copied from authoritative lexical and grammatical sources . The manuscript also contains studies of military and religious architecture . The Codex Trivulzianus is kept at Sforza Castle in Milan , Italy , but is not normally available to the public . In the main museum a room also contains frescos painted by Leonardo ."}]}, {'value': '55 ( originally 62 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'c. 1487-1490', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex Forster Forster I , II and III ( including I , I and II ) ; formerly known as S.K.M . I , II and III Victoria and Albert Museum , London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Kensington_Museum', 'summary': "The Victoria and Albert Museum ( often abbreviated as the V & A ) in London is the world 's largest museum of applied and decorative arts and design , as well as sculpture , housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects . It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert . The V & A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , in an area that has become known as Albertopolis because of its association with Prince Albert , the Albert Memorial and the major cultural institutions with which he was associated . These include the Natural History Museum , the Science Museum , the Royal Albert Hall and Imperial College London . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . As with other national British museums , entrance is free . The V & A covers 12.5 acres ( 5.1 ha ) and 145 galleries . Its collection spans 5,000 years of art , from ancient times to the present day , from the cultures of Europe , North America , Asia and North Africa . However , the art of antiquity in most areas is not collected . The holdings of ceramics , glass , textiles , costumes , silver , ironwork , jewellery , furniture , medieval objects , sculpture , prints and printmaking , drawings and photographs are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world . The museum owns the world 's largest collection of post-classical sculpture , with the holdings of Italian Renaissance items being the largest outside Italy . The departments of Asia include art from South Asia , China , Japan , Korea and the Islamic world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum', 'summary': "The Victoria and Albert Museum ( often abbreviated as the V & A ) in London is the world 's largest museum of applied and decorative arts and design , as well as sculpture , housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects . It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert . The V & A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , in an area that has become known as Albertopolis because of its association with Prince Albert , the Albert Memorial and the major cultural institutions with which he was associated . These include the Natural History Museum , the Science Museum , the Royal Albert Hall and Imperial College London . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . As with other national British museums , entrance is free . The V & A covers 12.5 acres ( 5.1 ha ) and 145 galleries . Its collection spans 5,000 years of art , from ancient times to the present day , from the cultures of Europe , North America , Asia and North Africa . However , the art of antiquity in most areas is not collected . The holdings of ceramics , glass , textiles , costumes , silver , ironwork , jewellery , furniture , medieval objects , sculpture , prints and printmaking , drawings and photographs are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world . The museum owns the world 's largest collection of post-classical sculpture , with the holdings of Italian Renaissance items being the largest outside Italy . The departments of Asia include art from South Asia , China , Japan , Korea and the Islamic world ."}]}, {'value': '354', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Five pocket notebooks bound into three volumes , here listed in chronological order . I.2 ( Milan , c. 1487-1490 ) : Discusses hydraulic engineering , the moving and raising of water and perpetual motion . III ( Milan , c. 1490-1493 : Notes on geometry , weights and hydraulics interspersed with sketches of horses legs , what might be designs for ball costumes and a description of the anatomy of the human head . II.1 ( Milan , c. 1495 ) : Notes on the theory of proportions and other miscellaneous material . II.2 ( Milan , 1495-1497 ) : Notes on the theory of weights , traction , stresses and balances . I.1 ( Florence , 1505 ) : Notes on the measurement of solid bodies and on topology', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perpetual_motion', 'summary': 'Perpetual motion is the motion of bodies that continues forever . A perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical machine that can do work indefinitely without an energy source . This kind of machine is impossible , as it would violate the first or second law of thermodynamics . These laws of thermodynamics apply regardless of the size of the system . For example , the motions and rotations of celestial bodies such as planets may appear perpetual , but are actually subject to many processes that slowly dissipate their kinetic energy , such as solar wind , interstellar medium resistance , gravitational radiation and thermal radiation , so they will not keep moving forever . Thus , machines that extract energy from finite sources will not operate indefinitely , because they are driven by the energy stored in the source , which will eventually be exhausted . A common example is devices powered by ocean currents , whose energy is ultimately derived from the Sun , which itself will eventually burn out . Machines powered by more obscure sources have been proposed , but are subject to the same inescapable laws , and will eventually wind down . In 2017 , new states of matter , time crystals , were discovered in which on a microscopic scale the component atoms are in continual repetitive motion , thus satisfying the literal definition of perpetual motion . However , these do not constitute perpetual motion machines in the traditional sense or violate thermodynamic laws because they are in their quantum ground state , so no energy can be extracted from them ; they have motion without energy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Topology', 'summary': "In mathematics , topology ( from the Greek τόπος , 'place ' , and λόγος , 'study ' ) is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations , such as stretching , twisting , crumpling and bending , but not tearing or gluing . A topological space is a set endowed with a structure , called a topology , which allows defining continuous deformation of subspaces , and , more generally , all kinds of continuity . Euclidean spaces , and , more generally , metric spaces are examples of a topological space , as any distance or metric defines a topology . The deformations that are considered in topology are homeomorphisms and homotopies . A property that is invariant under such deformations is a topological property . Basic examples of topological properties are : the dimension , which allows distinguishing between a line and a surface ; compactness , which allows distinguishing between a line and a circle ; connectedness , which allows distinguishing a circle from two non-intersecting circles . The ideas underlying topology go back to Gottfried Leibniz , who in the 17th century envisioned the geometria situs and analysis situs . Leonhard Euler 's Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem and polyhedron formula are arguably the field 's first theorems . The term topology was introduced by Johann Benedict Listing in the 19th century , although it was not until the first decades of the 20th century that the idea of a topological space was developed ."}]}, {'value': '1487-1505', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paris Manuscripts A , B , C , D , E , F , G , H ( including H , H and H ) , I ( including I and I ) , K ( including K , K and K ) , L and M Bibliothèque de lInstitut de France , Paris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Institut_de_France', 'summary': 'The Institut de France ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s ] , Institute of France ) is a French learned society , grouping five académies , including the Académie française . The Institute , located in Paris , manages approximately 1,000 foundations , as well as museums and châteaux open for visit . It also awards prizes and subsidies , which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017 . Most of these prizes are awarded by the Institute on the recommendation of the académies .'}]}, {'value': 'more than 2500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12 volumes , here listed in chronological order . B ( 1488-1490 ; 84 folios ) : Notebook including designs for flying machines ( including the helicopter ) , a submarine , centrally-planned churches and war machines . C ( 1490-91 ; 28 folios . One section missing . ) Treatise on light and shade ; also discusses flow of water and percussion . A ( c. 1492 ) : Fragment of a larger MS which included the Codex Ashburnham II . Subjects covered include painting , perspective , water and mechanics . H ( 1493-94 ; 142 folios ) : Three pocket notebooks bound together . Discusses Euclidean geometry and the design of drawing materials . M ( late 1490s-1500 ; 48 folios ) : A pocket notebook on geometry , ballistics and botany . L ( 1497-1502 ; 94 folios ) : A notebook on military engineering , used by Leonardo when he was in the employ of Cesare Borgia . K ( 1503-1508 ; 128 folios ) : Three pocket notebooks , mainly on geometry . I ( 1497-1505 ; 139 folios ) : Two pocket notebooks with notes on geometry , architecture , Latin , perspective and proportions for painters . D ( 1508-09 ; 10 folios with 20 drawings ) : Discusses theories of vision . F ( 1508-1513 ; 96 folios ) : Discusses water , optics , geology and astronomy . E ( 1513-14 ; originally 96 folios ) : Discusses weights and the effects of gravity , an invention for draining the Pontine Marshes , geometry , painting and the flight of birds . G ( 1510-1515 ; 93 folios ) : Primarily discusses botany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Euclidean_geometry', 'summary': "Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to Alexandrian Greek mathematician Euclid , which he described in his textbook on geometry : the Elements . Euclid 's method consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms , and deducing many other propositions ( theorems ) from these . Although many of Euclid 's results had been stated by earlier mathematicians , Euclid was the first to show how these propositions could fit into a comprehensive deductive and logical system . The Elements begins with plane geometry , still taught in secondary school ( high school ) as the first axiomatic system and the first examples of formal proof . It goes on to the solid geometry of three dimensions . Much of the Elements states results of what are now called algebra and number theory , explained in geometrical language . For more than two thousand years , the adjective Euclidean was unnecessary because no other sort of geometry had been conceived . Euclid 's axioms seemed so intuitively obvious ( with the possible exception of the parallel postulate ) that any theorem proved from them was deemed true in an absolute , often metaphysical , sense . Today , however , many other self-consistent non-Euclidean geometries are known , the first ones having been discovered in the early 19th century . An implication of Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity is that physical space itself is not Euclidean , and Euclidean space is a good approximation for it only over short distances ( relative to the strength of the gravitational field ) . Euclidean geometry is an example of synthetic geometry , in that it proceeds logically from axioms describing basic properties of geometric objects such as points and lines , to propositions about those objects , all without the use of coordinates to specify those objects . This is in contrast to analytic geometry , which uses coordinates to translate geometric propositions into algebraic formulas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cesare_Borgia', 'summary': "Cesare Borgia ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈtʃeːzare ˈbɔrdʒa , ˈtʃɛː- ] ; Valencian : Cèsar Borja [ ˈsɛzaɾ ˈbɔɾdʒa ] ; Spanish : César Borja [ ˈθesaɾ ˈβoɾxa ] ; 13 September 1475 - 12 March 1507 ) was an Italian and Aragonese politician and condottiero ( mercenary leader ) whose fight for power was a major inspiration for The Prince by Machiavelli . He was an illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI . After initially entering the church and becoming a cardinal on his father 's election to the Papacy , he became , after the death of his brother in 1498 , the first person to resign a cardinalate . He served as a condottiero for the King of France Louis XII around 1500 and occupied Milan and Naples during the Italian Wars . At the same time he carved out a state for himself in Central Italy , but after his father 's death he was unable to retain power for long . According to Machiavelli , this was not due to a lack of foresight , but his bad choice in creating a new pope ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pontine_Marshes', 'summary': 'The Pontine Marshes ( /ˈpɒntaɪn/ , also US : /ˈpɒntiːn/ ; Italian : Agro Pontino [ ˈaːɡro ponˈtiːno ] , formerly also Paludi Pontine ; Latin : Pomptinus Ager by Titus Livius , Pomptina Palus ( singular ) and Pomptinae Paludes ( plural ) by Pliny the Elder ) is an approximately quadrangular area of former marshland in the Lazio Region of central Italy , extending along the coast southeast of Rome about 45 km ( 28 mi ) from just east of Anzio to Terracina ( ancient Tarracina ) , varying in distance inland between the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Volscian Mountains ( the Monti Lepini in the north , the Monti Ausoni in the center , and the Monti Aurunci in the south ) from 15 to 25 km ( 9.3 to 15.5 mi ) . The northwestern border runs approximately from the mouth of the river Astura along the river and from its upper reaches to Cori in the Monti Lepini . The former marsh is a low tract of mainly agricultural land created by draining and filling , separated from the sea by sand dunes . The area amounts to about 80,000 ha ( 800 km2 ; 310 sq mi ) . The Via Appia , a Roman military road constructed in 312 BC , crosses the inland side of the former marsh in a long , straight stretch flanked by trees . Before then , travelers had to use the Via Latina along the flanks of the mountains ; Terracina could not be reached across the marsh . Further southward along the coast as far as Minturno is another stretch of former coastal marsh called the South Pontino , the largest section being between Terracina and Sperlonga , as far inland as Fondi . It was part of ancient Latium adiectum and still belongs to Lazio . Bordered by the Aurunci Mountains , this land is mainly reclaimed , as well , but the more frequent incursion of hills permitted more dense settlements . Leaving Terracina , the Via Appia crosses it , as well . The marsh was an extensive alluvial plain at about sea level ( some above , some below ) created by the failure of the streams draining the mountains to find clearly defined outlets to the sea through the barrier dunes . Above sea level , it was a forested swamp ; below , it was mud flats and pools .'}]}, {'value': '1488-1505', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex Madrid Madrid I and Madrid II Biblioteca Nacional de España , Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Codex_Madrid_(Leonardo)', 'summary': 'The Madrid Codices I-II ( I - Ms. 8937 i II - Ms. 8936 ) , are two manuscripts by Leonardo da Vinci which were discovered in the Biblioteca Nacional de España in Madrid in 1965 by Dr. Jules Piccus , Language Professor at the University of Massachusetts . The Madrid Codices I was finished during 1490 and 1499 , and II from 1503 to 1505 . The two codices were brought to Spain by Pompeo Leoni , a sculptor in the court of Philip II . After various changes of ownership , they were transferred to the monastic library of El Escorial and finally to the Biblioteca Real , where they remained unknown for 252 years .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_España', 'summary': 'The Biblioteca Nacional de España ( National Library of Spain ) is a major public library , the largest in Spain , and one of the largest in the world . It is located in Madrid , on the Paseo de Recoletos .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Two volumes , rediscovered in 1966 . I ( 1490s ) : Mainly concerned with the science of mechanisms . II ( 1503-04 ) : Miscellaneous drawings , including maps of the Arno relating to the project to divert its course and notes and drawings relating to the casting of the Sforza monument', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arno', 'summary': 'The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy . It is the most important river of central Italy after the Tiber .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sforza_monument', 'summary': "Leonardo 's Horse ( also known as Gran Cavallo ) is a sculpture that was commissioned of Leonardo da Vinci in 1482 by Duke of Milan Ludovico il Moro , but not completed . It was intended to be the largest equestrian statue in the world , a monument to the duke 's father Francesco Sforza . Leonardo did extensive preparatory work for it but produced only a clay model , which was later destroyed . About five centuries later , Leonardo 's surviving design materials were used as the basis for sculptures intended to bring the project to fruition ."}]}, {'value': '1490s-1504', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex Ashburnham Ash.I . or B.N.2037 ( formerly part of MS.B . ) Ash.II or B.N.2038 ( formerly part of MS.A . ) Bibliothèque de lInstitut de France , Paris', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Two volumes , taken out of Paris Manuscripts A and B and sold to the Earl of Ashburnham , who returned them to Paris in 1890', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bertram_Ashburnham,_5th_Earl_of_Ashburnham', 'summary': 'Bertram Ashburnham , 5th Earl of Ashburnham ( 28 October 1840 - 15 January 1913 ) was a British peer . He was the English agent for the Spanish Carlist cause , and a supporter of Irish Home Rule . He sold off the Ashburnham collection of manuscripts which the 4th Earl had collected .'}]}, {'value': 'c. 1492', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex on the Flight of Birds Turin Biblioteca Reale , Turin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Codex_on_the_Flight_of_Birds', 'summary': 'Codex on the Flight of Birds is a relatively short codex from c. 1505 by Leonardo da Vinci . It comprises 18 folios and measures 21 × 15 centimetres . Now held at the Biblioteca Reale in Turin , Italy , the codex begins with an examination of the flight behavior of birds and proposes mechanisms for flight by machines . Leonardo constructed a number of these machines , and attempted to launch them from a hill near Florence . However , his efforts failed . In the codex , Leonardo notes for the first time that the center of gravity of a flying bird does not coincide with its center of pressure .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Biblioteca_Reale', 'summary': 'The Royal Library of Turin ( Italian : Biblioteca Reale di Torino ) is a library located within the ground floor of the Royal Palace of Turin , itself a World Heritage Site in Turin , Italy .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Originally part of Paris Manuscript B ; probably stolen by Count Guglielmo Libri in around 1840-1847', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guglielmo_Libri_Carucci_dalla_Sommaja', 'summary': 'Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja ( January 1 , 1803 - September 28 , 1869 ) was an Italian count and mathematician , who became known for his love and subsequent theft of ancient and precious manuscripts . Appointed the Inspector of Libraries in France , Libri began stealing the books he was responsible for , fleeing to England when the theft was discovered , along with 30,000 books and manuscripts inside 18 trunks . He was sentenced in France to 10 years in jail in absentia ; some of the stolen works were returned when he died , but many remained missing .'}]}, {'value': 'dated 1505', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex Leicester Leic . Private collection , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Codex_Leicester', 'summary': "The Codex Leicester ( also briefly known as Codex Hammer ) is a collection of scientific writings by Leonardo da Vinci . The Codex is named after Thomas Coke , later credited to Earl of Leicester , who purchased it in 1719 . The manuscript currently holds the record for the second highest sale price of any book , as it was sold to Bill Gates at Christie 's auction house on 11 November 1994 in New York for US $ 30,802,500 ( equivalent to $ 53,222,898.79 in 2019 ) The Codex provides an insight into the inquiring mind of the definitive Renaissance artist , scientist and thinker as well as an exceptional illustration of the link between art and science and the creativity of the scientific process ."}]}, {'value': '72', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1506-1510', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Codex Urbinas and libro A Urb . and L°A . Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana , Vatican City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Codex_Urbinas', 'summary': "A Treatise on Painting ( Trattato della pittura ) is a collection of Leonardo da Vinci 's writings entered in his notebooks under the general heading On Painting . The manuscripts were begun in Milan while Leonardo was under the service of Ludovico Sforza and gathered together by his heir Francesco Melzi . The treatise was first published in France in 1632 ; after Melzi 's version was rediscovered in the Vatican Library , the treatise was published in its modern form in 1817 . The main aim of the treatise was to argue that painting was a science . Leonardo 's keen observation of expression and character is evidenced in his comparison of laughing and weeping , about which he notes that the only difference between the two emotions in terms of the motion of the [ facial ] features is the ruffling of the brows , which is added in weeping , but more elevated and extended in laughing . In 1937 , Max Ernst wrote in Cahiers d'Art that Leonardo 's advice on the studying of stains on walls caused him an unbearable visual obsession . All editions of the treatise are kept at the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana at UCLA ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana', 'summary': "The Vatican Apostolic Library ( Latin : Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana , Italian : Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana ) , more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat , is the library of the Holy See , located in Vatican City . Formally established in 1475 , although it is much older , it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts . It has 75,000 codices from throughout history , as well as 1.1 million printed books , which include some 8,500 incunabula . The Vatican Library is a research library for history , law , philosophy , science and theology . The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs . Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail . Pope Nicholas V ( 1447-1455 ) envisioned a new Rome with extensive public works to lure pilgrims and scholars to the city to begin its transformation . Nicolas wanted to create a 'public library ' for Rome that was meant to be seen as an institution for humanist scholarship . His death prevented him from carrying out his plan , but his successor Pope Sixtus IV ( 1471-1484 ) established what is now known as the Vatican Library . In March 2014 , the Vatican Library began an initial four-year project of digitising its collection of manuscripts , to be made available online . The Vatican Apostolic Archive was separated from the library at the beginning of the 17th century ; it contains another 150,000 items ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'An anthology of writings by Leonardo compiled after his death by his pupil Francesco Melzi . An abridged version was published in 1651 as a treatise on painting ( Trattato della Pittura )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francesco_Melzi', 'summary': 'Francesco Melzi , or Francesco de Melzi , ( 1491 - 1570 ) was an Italian painter born into a family of the Milanese nobility in Lombardy . He was one of Leonardo da Vincis pupils .'}]}, {'value': 'c. 1530', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Manuscripts', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_works_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci_1', 'intro': "Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was one of the leading artists of the High Renaissance. Fifteen artworks are generally attributed either in whole or in large part to him. However, it is believed that he made many more, only for them to be lost over the years or remain unidentified. The authorship of several paintings traditionally attributed to Leonardo is disputed. Two major works are known only as copies. Works are regularly attributed to Leonardo with varying degrees of credibility. None of Leonardo's paintings are signed. The attributions here draw on the opinions of various scholars. The small number of surviving paintings is due in part to Leonardo's frequently disastrous experimentation with new techniques and his chronic procrastination. Nevertheless, these few works together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, comprise a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary, Michelangelo."} | null | null | When was the 283 page work by Leonardo da Vinci acquired ? | 1630s |
0ba03e8ff288cae9 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_doping_cases_in_athletics', 'title': 'List of doping cases in athletics', 'header': ['Name', 'Country', 'Event', 'Date of violation', 'Banned substance ( s ) / Anti-doping rule violation', 'Sanction'], 'data': [{'value': 'Robert Kajuga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Kajuga_(athlete)', 'summary': "Robert Kajuga ( born 1 January 1985 in Kaniga , Gicumbi District ) is a Rwandan long-distance track and road runner . He represented Rwanda in the 10,000 metres at the 2012 Summer Olympics . Kajuga qualified to the 2012 Summer Olympics on July 8 , 2012 when he ran the 10,000-metre at the African Senior Athletics Championship in Benin in a time of 28:03 ( min : sec ) . After his Olympic debut , where he finished 14th , he began participating in longer-distance road races . On December 24 , 2012 , he won a 20-km road race in Kigali . Kajuga finished the men 's race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 73rd place of 96 finishers . On April 21 , 2013 , he ran a half-marathon in Nice , France recording a time of 1:01:37 . He was banned for four years , spanning 25 March 2016 to 2020 , after refusing to submit to a doping control after a race in Kigali ."}]}, {'value': 'Rwanda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rwanda', 'summary': "Rwanda ( /ruˈɑːndə , -ˈæn-/ ( listen ) ; Kinyarwanda : u Rwanda [ u.ɾɡwaː.nda ] ( listen ) ) , formerly Ruanda , officially the Republic of Rwanda ( Kinyarwanda : Repubulika y ' u Rwanda ; Swahili : Jamhuri ya Rwanda ; French : République du Rwanda or République Rwandaise ) , is a country in Central Africa and one of the smallest countries on the African mainland , and its capital city is Kigali . Located a few degrees south of the Equator , Rwanda is bordered by Uganda , Tanzania , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Rwanda is in the African Great Lakes region and is highly elevated ; its geography is dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the east , with numerous lakes throughout the country . The climate is temperate to subtropical , with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year . Rwanda has a population of over 12.6 million living on 26,338 sq . km of land , and therefore it is the most densely populated mainland African country . The population is young and predominantly rural , with a density among the highest in Africa . Rwandans are drawn from just one cultural and linguistic group , the Banyarwanda , although within this group there are three subgroups : the Hutu , Tutsi and Twa . The Twa are a forest-dwelling pygmy people and are often considered descendants of Rwanda 's earliest inhabitants . Scholars disagree on the origins of and differences between the Hutu and Tutsi ; some believe differences are derived from former social castes within a single people , while others believe the Hutu and Tutsi arrived in the country separately , and from different locations . Christianity is the largest religion in the country ; the principal language is Kinyarwanda , spoken by most Rwandans , with English and French serving as additional official languages . The sovereign state of Rwanda has a presidential system of government ."}]}, {'value': 'Long distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Refusal', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abubaker Ali Kamal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abubaker_Ali_Kamal', 'summary': 'Abubaker Ali Kamal ( born 8 November 1983 ) is a Qatari runner who has specialized mostly in the 1500 metres and 3000 metres steeplechase . He won a 5000 m/steeplechase double at the 2011 Pan Arab Games , but failed a drugs test at the competition . He was disqualified and banned for two years for being positive for Erythropoietin ( EPO ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Qatar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qatar', 'summary': "Qatar ( /ˈkætɑːr/ , /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ ( listen ) , /ˈkɑːtər/ or /kəˈtɑːr/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : قطر Qaṭar [ ˈqɑtˤɑr ] ; local vernacular pronunciation : [ ˈɡɪtˤɑr ] ) , officially the State of Qatar ( Arabic : دولة قطر Dawlat Qaṭar ) , is a country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Whether the sovereign state should be regarded as a constitutional monarchy or an absolute monarchy is disputed . Its sole land border is with neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC ) monarchy Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . The Gulf of Bahrain , an inlet of the Persian Gulf , separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . Islam is the official religion of Qatar . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is widely regarded as the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a high-income economy , backed by the world 's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed a treaty with the British in 1868 that recognised its separate status . Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98% in favour ."}]}, {'value': 'Middle distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EPO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erythropoetin', 'summary': 'Erythropoietin ( /ɪˌrɪθroʊˈpɔɪ.ɪtɪn , -rə- , -pɔɪˈɛtɪn , -ˈiːtɪn/ ; EPO ) , also known as haematopoietin or haemopoietin , is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia ; it stimulates red blood cell production ( erythropoiesis ) in the bone marrow . Low levels of EPO ( around 10 mU/mL ) are constantly secreted sufficient to compensate for normal red blood cell turnover . Common causes of cellular hypoxia resulting in elevated levels of EPO ( up to 10 000 mU/mL ) include any anemia , and hypoxemia due to chronic lung disease . Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with the peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule . It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver . Liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period ; renal production predominates in adulthood . It is homologous with thrombopoietin . Exogenous erythropoietin , recombinant human erythropoietin ( rhEPO ) , is produced by recombinant DNA technology in cell culture and are collectively called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents ( ESA ) : two examples are epoetin alfa and epoetin beta . ESAs are used in the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease , anemia in myelodysplasia , and in anemia from cancer chemotherapy . Risks of therapy include death , myocardial infarction , stroke , venous thromboembolism , and tumor recurrence . Risk increases when EPO treatment raises hemoglobin levels over 11 g/dL to 12 g/dL : this is to be avoided . rhEPO has been used illicitly as a performance-enhancing drug .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pauline Kahenya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': 'Long distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prednisone , Prednisolone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prednisone', 'summary': 'Prednisone is a glucocorticoid medication mostly used to suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation in conditions such as asthma , COPD , and rheumatologic diseases . It is also used to treat high blood calcium due to cancer and adrenal insufficiency along with other steroids . It is taken by mouth . Common side effects with long term use include cataracts , bone loss , easy bruising , muscle weakness , and thrush . Other side effects include weight gain , swelling , high blood sugar , increased risk of infection , and psychosis . It is generally considered safe in pregnancy and low doses appear to be safe when breastfeeding . After prolonged use , prednisone needs to be stopped gradually . Prednisone must be converted to prednisolone by the liver before it becomes active . Prednisolone then binds to glucocorticoid receptors , activating them and triggering changes in gene expression . Prednisone was patented in 1954 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1955 . It is available as a generic medication . In the United States , the wholesale cost per dose was less than US $ 0.30 in 2018 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Prednisolone', 'summary': "Prednisolone is a steroid medication used to treat certain types of allergies , inflammatory conditions , autoimmune disorders , and cancers . Some of these conditions include adrenocortical insufficiency , high blood calcium , rheumatoid arthritis , dermatitis , eye inflammation , asthma , and multiple sclerosis . It is used by mouth , injection into a vein , as a skin cream , and as eye drops . Side effects with short term use include nausea and feeling tired . More severe side effects include psychiatric problems , which may occur in about 5% of people . Common side effects with long term use include bone loss , weakness , yeast infections , and easy bruising . While short term use in the later part of pregnancy is safe , long term use or use in early pregnancy is occasionally associated with harm to the baby . It is a glucocorticoid made from hydrocortisone ( cortisol ) . Prednisolone was discovered and approved for medical use in 1955 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system . It is available as a generic medication . The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US $ 0.01 per 5 mg tablet ."}]}, {'value': '1 year', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alissa Kallinikou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alissa_Kallinikou', 'summary': "Alissa Kallinikou ( Greek : Αλίσσα Καλλινίκου ; born May 24 , 1985 ) is a Cypriot sprinter , who specialized in the 400 metres . She set a personal best time of 52.05 seconds , by winning the women 's 400 metres at the 2008 Greek National Championships in Athens , Greece , earning her a spot on the Cypriot team for the Olympics . Kallinikou represented Cyprus at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , where she competed for the women 's 400 metres . She ran in the seventh and final heat against seven other athletes , including Jamaica 's Shericka Williams and Russia 's Tatiana Firova . She finished the race in fifth place by four tenths of a second ( 0.40 ) ahead of Poland 's Monika Bejnar , with a time of 52.40 seconds . Kallinikou , however , failed to advance into the semi-finals , as she placed twenty-sixth overall , and was ranked below three mandatory slots for the next round ."}]}, {'value': 'Cyprus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyprus', 'summary': "Cyprus ( /ˈsaɪprəs/ ( listen ) ; Greek : Κύπρος [ ˈcipros ] ; Turkish : Kıbrıs [ ˈkɯbɾɯs ] ) , officially the Republic of Cyprus ( Greek : Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία , lit . Cypriot Republic ; Turkish : Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti , lit . Republic of Cyprus ) , is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean , located south of Turkey , west of Syria and Lebanon , north of Israel , the Gaza Strip ( Palestinian region ) and Egypt , and southeast of Greece . The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC . Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia , and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world . Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC . As a strategic location in the Middle East , it was subsequently occupied by several major powers , including the empires of the Assyrians , Egyptians and Persians , from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great . Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt , the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire , Arab caliphates for a short period , the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians , was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 ( de jure until 1914 ) . Cyprus was placed under the UK 's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914 . While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population , the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an extension of Anatolia by them ; while , since the 19th century , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece , which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s . Following nationalist violence in the 1950s , Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sprinting', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Testosterone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Testosterone', 'summary': 'Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid . In male humans , testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate , as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass , and the growth of body hair . In addition , testosterone is involved in health and well-being , and the prevention of osteoporosis . Insufficient levels of testosterone in men may lead to abnormalities including frailty and bone loss . Testosterone is a steroid from the androstane class containing a keto and hydroxyl groups at the three and seventeen positions respectively . It is biosynthesized in several steps from cholesterol and is converted in the liver to inactive metabolites . It exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor . In humans and most other vertebrates , testosterone is secreted primarily by the testicles of males and , to a lesser extent , the ovaries of females . On average , in adult males , levels of testosterone are about 7 to 8 times as great as in adult females . As the metabolism of testosterone in males is more pronounced , the daily production is about 20 times greater in men . Females are also more sensitive to the hormone . In addition to its role as a natural hormone , testosterone is used as a medication in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men , transgender hormone therapy for transgender men , and breast cancer in women .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tayeb Kalloud', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Algeria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algeria', 'summary': 'Algeria ( /ælˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) al-JEER-ee-ə ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . The capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast . With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres ( 919,595 sq mi ) , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in the African Union and Arab World . With an estimated population of over 42 million , it is among the ten most populous states in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . It is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes ( counties ) . Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Zayyanids , Spaniards , Ottomans and , finally , the French colonial empire . Algeria is a regional and middle power . It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent , based largely on energy exports . Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa , supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget .'}]}, {'value': 'Long distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norandrosterone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norandrosterone', 'summary': '19-Norandrosterone , also known as 5α-estran-3α-ol-17-one , is a metabolite of nandrolone ( 19-nortestosterone ) and bolandione ( 19-norandrostenedione ) that is formed by 5α-reductase . It is on the list of substances prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency since it is a detectable metabolite of nandrolone , an anabolic-androgenic steroid ( AAS ) . Consumption of androstendione products contaminated with traces of bolandione may also result in testing positive for nandrolone . Traces of 19-norandrosterone may be naturally present in human urine . An experiment conducted on athletes showed that after a prolonged intense effort , the 19-norandrosterone concentration can be increased by a factor varying between 2 and 4 , but another study failed to replicate the result . Concentration also increases in the urine of female athletes during menstruation . The consumption of edible parts of a non-castrated pig , containing 19-nortestosterone , has been shown to result in the excretion of 19-norandrosterone in the following hours , so athletes should prudently avoid meals composed of pig offal in the hours preceding doping tests . Consumption of boar meat , liver , kidneys and heart also increased 19-norandrosterone output .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Svetlana Kanatova', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': 'Middle distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vladimir Kanaykin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Kanaykin', 'summary': "Vladimir Alekseevich Kanaykin ( Russian : Владимир Алексеевич Канайкин ; born 21 March 1985 ) is a Russian race walker . He won the 2002 World Junior Championships , took the silver medal at the 2004 World Junior Championships and finished ninth in the 50 km race at the 2006 European Championships He competed at the 2005 World Championships , but was disqualified . On September 29 , 2007 Kanaykin set a new world record for the 20 km race walk at the 2007 IAAF Race Walking Challenge Final , in Saransk , Russia . He walked a time of 1 hour , 17 minutes , 16 seconds to break the record previously held by three-time world champion Jefferson Pérez of Ecuador . On August 5 , 2008 , Kanaykin and training partners Sergey Morozov , Viktor Burayev , and Aleksey Voyevodin , all coached by Viktor Chegin were banned from competition , following a positive EPO test . The positive tests were conducted in April 2008 and evidenced doping . He took the silver in men 's 20 km race walk in 1:20:27 at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics in Daegu . On 20 January 2015 , Kanaykin was disqualified for life starting from 17 December 2012 , and all his results between 25 January 2011 and 25 March 2011 , as well as between 16 June 2011 and 27 September 2011 were annulled . On March 25 , 2015 , the IAAF filed an appeal with the Court of Arbitration in Lausanne , Switzerland , questioning the selective disqualification of the suspension periods of the six athletes involved including Kanaykin . On March 24 , 2016 , the court ruled and disqualified all of Kanaykin 's results from February 11 , 2011 to December 17 , 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': 'Race walking', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EPO Biological passport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erythropoetin', 'summary': 'Erythropoietin ( /ɪˌrɪθroʊˈpɔɪ.ɪtɪn , -rə- , -pɔɪˈɛtɪn , -ˈiːtɪn/ ; EPO ) , also known as haematopoietin or haemopoietin , is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia ; it stimulates red blood cell production ( erythropoiesis ) in the bone marrow . Low levels of EPO ( around 10 mU/mL ) are constantly secreted sufficient to compensate for normal red blood cell turnover . Common causes of cellular hypoxia resulting in elevated levels of EPO ( up to 10 000 mU/mL ) include any anemia , and hypoxemia due to chronic lung disease . Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with the peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule . It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver . Liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period ; renal production predominates in adulthood . It is homologous with thrombopoietin . Exogenous erythropoietin , recombinant human erythropoietin ( rhEPO ) , is produced by recombinant DNA technology in cell culture and are collectively called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents ( ESA ) : two examples are epoetin alfa and epoetin beta . ESAs are used in the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease , anemia in myelodysplasia , and in anemia from cancer chemotherapy . Risks of therapy include death , myocardial infarction , stroke , venous thromboembolism , and tumor recurrence . Risk increases when EPO treatment raises hemoglobin levels over 11 g/dL to 12 g/dL : this is to be avoided . rhEPO has been used illicitly as a performance-enhancing drug .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Biological_passport', 'summary': 'An athlete biological passport is an individual electronic record for professional athletes , in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results of doping tests are collated over a period of time . Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athletes established levels outside permissible limits , rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances . Although the terminology athlete passport is recent , the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping . Maybe the first marker of doping , that tries to detect a prohibited substance not based on its presence in urine or blood , but through the induced deviations in biological parameters , is the so-called testosterone over epitestosterone ratio ( T/E ) . The T/E has been used by sports authorities since the beginning of the 1980s to detect anabolic steroids in urine samples . A decade later , in 1997 , markers of blood doping were introduced by some international federations , such as the Union Cycliste Internationale ( UCI ) and the Federation Internationale de Ski , to deter the abuse of recombinant erythropoietin that was undetectable by direct means at that time . It is only in 2002 that the concept of using biological markers to detect doping became known by the term athlete passport . The merits of this testing paradigm were exposed in the scientific literature and the terminology adopted by the World Anti-Doping agency . Many believe [ who ? ] that the athlete passport provides an excellent alternative to ensure fairness in elite sports . While a new drug test must be developed and validated for each new drug , the main advantage of the athlete passport is that it is based on the stability of the physiology of the human being . New drugs are produced at an unprecedented pace today and there is often a lag of several years between the availability of a new drug and the application of an effective detection method .'}]}, {'value': '2 years 8 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olga Kaniskina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olga_Kaniskina', 'summary': 'Olga Nikolayevna Kaniskina ( Russian : О́льга Никола́евна Кани́ськина ; born January 19 , 1985 in Napolnaya Tavla , Kochkurovsky District , Mordovian ASSR , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union ) is a Russian coach and former race walker . She won the silver medal in the 20 km walk at the 2006 European Championships , the gold medal at the 2007 World Championships , and the gold medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . She also won the 20 km walk at the 2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup , setting a Championship record of 1:25:42 . She was disqualified from several years of competition due to doping .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': 'Race walking', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biological passport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biological_passport', 'summary': 'An athlete biological passport is an individual electronic record for professional athletes , in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results of doping tests are collated over a period of time . Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athletes established levels outside permissible limits , rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances . Although the terminology athlete passport is recent , the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping . Maybe the first marker of doping , that tries to detect a prohibited substance not based on its presence in urine or blood , but through the induced deviations in biological parameters , is the so-called testosterone over epitestosterone ratio ( T/E ) . The T/E has been used by sports authorities since the beginning of the 1980s to detect anabolic steroids in urine samples . A decade later , in 1997 , markers of blood doping were introduced by some international federations , such as the Union Cycliste Internationale ( UCI ) and the Federation Internationale de Ski , to deter the abuse of recombinant erythropoietin that was undetectable by direct means at that time . It is only in 2002 that the concept of using biological markers to detect doping became known by the term athlete passport . The merits of this testing paradigm were exposed in the scientific literature and the terminology adopted by the World Anti-Doping agency . Many believe [ who ? ] that the athlete passport provides an excellent alternative to ensure fairness in elite sports . While a new drug test must be developed and validated for each new drug , the main advantage of the athlete passport is that it is based on the stability of the physiology of the human being . New drugs are produced at an unprecedented pace today and there is often a lag of several years between the availability of a new drug and the application of an effective detection method .'}]}, {'value': '3 years and 2 months', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adil Kaouch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adil_Kaouch', 'summary': 'Adil Kaouch ( Arabic : عادل الكوش ) ( born January 1 , 1979 ) is a Moroccan middle distance runner . In 1998 he won the World Junior Championships over 1500 metres . The next year won a 5000 metres gold medal at the 1999 Pan Arab Games . At the 1999 and 2001 World Championships , he took the role of setting a fast early pace to pull his teammate Hicham El Guerrouj away to victory . At the 2000 Sydney Olympic he failed to advance from his heat in the 1500m , and Hicham El Guerrouj was eventually upset in a sprint finish by Kenyan Noah Ngeny . At this race , another Moroccan runner Youssef Baba set the pace for El Guerrouj . At the 2004 Athens Olympic he finished 9th ( 3:38.26 ) at the 1500m final , where his compatriot Hicham El Guerrouj won the Olympics gold medal . At this race he did not run as a pacemaker for El Guerrouj , although he was expected to do so . In August 2005 he won a 1500 metres silver medal at the World Championships . In April 2006 he won the silver medal in the short race at the World Cross Country Championships , as well as a bronze medal in the team competition . Kaouch was suspended on August 2007 after failing a doping test .'}]}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'Middle distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EPO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erythropoetin', 'summary': 'Erythropoietin ( /ɪˌrɪθroʊˈpɔɪ.ɪtɪn , -rə- , -pɔɪˈɛtɪn , -ˈiːtɪn/ ; EPO ) , also known as haematopoietin or haemopoietin , is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia ; it stimulates red blood cell production ( erythropoiesis ) in the bone marrow . Low levels of EPO ( around 10 mU/mL ) are constantly secreted sufficient to compensate for normal red blood cell turnover . Common causes of cellular hypoxia resulting in elevated levels of EPO ( up to 10 000 mU/mL ) include any anemia , and hypoxemia due to chronic lung disease . Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with the peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule . It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver . Liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period ; renal production predominates in adulthood . It is homologous with thrombopoietin . Exogenous erythropoietin , recombinant human erythropoietin ( rhEPO ) , is produced by recombinant DNA technology in cell culture and are collectively called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents ( ESA ) : two examples are epoetin alfa and epoetin beta . ESAs are used in the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease , anemia in myelodysplasia , and in anemia from cancer chemotherapy . Risks of therapy include death , myocardial infarction , stroke , venous thromboembolism , and tumor recurrence . Risk increases when EPO treatment raises hemoglobin levels over 11 g/dL to 12 g/dL : this is to be avoided . rhEPO has been used illicitly as a performance-enhancing drug .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anastasiya Kapachinskaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anastasiya_Kapachinskaya', 'summary': 'Anastasiya Alexandrovna Kapachinskaya ( Russian : Анастасия Александровна Капачинская ; born November 20 , 1979 ) is a sprint athlete . She was the 2003 World champion in the 200 m. She was disqualified from competitions in 2004 and 2008 due to doping offences . As a result , the bulk of her athletics performances post 2004 have been annulled .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': 'Sprinting', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanozolol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanozolol', 'summary': 'Stanozolol ( abbrev . Stz ) , sold under many brand names , is an androgen and anabolic steroid ( AAS ) medication which was derived from dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) , it is used to treat hereditary angioedema . It was developed by American pharmaceutical company Winthrop Laboratories ( Sterling Drug ) in 1962 , and has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for human use , though it is no longer marketed in the USA . It is also used in veterinary medicine . Stanozolol has mostly been discontinued , and remains available in only a few countries . It is given by mouth in humans or by injection into muscle in animals . Unlike most injectable AAS , stanozolol is not esterified and is sold as an aqueous suspension , or in oral tablet form . The drug has a high oral bioavailability , due to a C17α alkylation which allows the hormone to survive first-pass liver metabolism when ingested . It is because of this that stanozolol is also sold in tablet form . Stanozolol is one of the AAS commonly used as performance-enhancing drugs and is banned from use in sports competition under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF ) and many other sporting bodies . Additionally , stanozolol has been used in US horse racing .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Kapek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Kapek', 'summary': 'Julien Kapek ( born 12 January 1979 in Clamart , Hauts-de-Seine ) is a French triple jumper . His personal best is 17.38 metres , achieved in July 2006 in Tomblaine . This result places him fourth on the all-time French performers list , only behind Serge Hélan and Karl Taillepierre .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Triple jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 Whereabouts Failures within 18-month period', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 year', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natallia Kareiva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natallia_Kareiva', 'summary': 'Natallia Stanislavauna Kareiva ( Belarusian : Наталля Станіславаўна Карэйва ; born November 14 , 1985 ) is a Belarusian runner who specializes in the middle distance events . Kareiva received a two-year ban from the sport for doping after her biological passport showed abnormalities . The ban was set for the periods from August 2014 to 2016 and all her performances from July 28 , 2010 up to that period were erased .'}]}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': 'Middle distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biological passport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biological_passport', 'summary': 'An athlete biological passport is an individual electronic record for professional athletes , in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results of doping tests are collated over a period of time . Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athletes established levels outside permissible limits , rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances . Although the terminology athlete passport is recent , the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping . Maybe the first marker of doping , that tries to detect a prohibited substance not based on its presence in urine or blood , but through the induced deviations in biological parameters , is the so-called testosterone over epitestosterone ratio ( T/E ) . The T/E has been used by sports authorities since the beginning of the 1980s to detect anabolic steroids in urine samples . A decade later , in 1997 , markers of blood doping were introduced by some international federations , such as the Union Cycliste Internationale ( UCI ) and the Federation Internationale de Ski , to deter the abuse of recombinant erythropoietin that was undetectable by direct means at that time . It is only in 2002 that the concept of using biological markers to detect doping became known by the term athlete passport . The merits of this testing paradigm were exposed in the scientific literature and the terminology adopted by the World Anti-Doping agency . Many believe [ who ? ] that the athlete passport provides an excellent alternative to ensure fairness in elite sports . While a new drug test must be developed and validated for each new drug , the main advantage of the athlete passport is that it is based on the stability of the physiology of the human being . New drugs are produced at an unprecedented pace today and there is often a lag of several years between the availability of a new drug and the application of an effective detection method .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halina Karnatsevich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halina_Karnatsevich', 'summary': 'Halina Karnatsevich , née Baruk ( Belarusian : Галiна Карнацэвiч , born 2 November 1969 ) is a Belarusian long-distance runner . She finished twelfth in the marathon at the 2005 World Championships in a personal best time of 2:27:14 hours . In 2006 Karnatsevich was found guilty of stanozolol doping . The sample was delivered on 17 June 2006 in an in-competition test in Duluth , Minnesota , United States . She received an IAAF suspension from July 2006 to July 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': 'Long distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanozolol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanozolol', 'summary': 'Stanozolol ( abbrev . Stz ) , sold under many brand names , is an androgen and anabolic steroid ( AAS ) medication which was derived from dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) , it is used to treat hereditary angioedema . It was developed by American pharmaceutical company Winthrop Laboratories ( Sterling Drug ) in 1962 , and has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for human use , though it is no longer marketed in the USA . It is also used in veterinary medicine . Stanozolol has mostly been discontinued , and remains available in only a few countries . It is given by mouth in humans or by injection into muscle in animals . Unlike most injectable AAS , stanozolol is not esterified and is sold as an aqueous suspension , or in oral tablet form . The drug has a high oral bioavailability , due to a C17α alkylation which allows the hormone to survive first-pass liver metabolism when ingested . It is because of this that stanozolol is also sold in tablet form . Stanozolol is one of the AAS commonly used as performance-enhancing drugs and is banned from use in sports competition under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF ) and many other sporting bodies . Additionally , stanozolol has been used in US horse racing .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yanina Karolchyk-Pravalinskaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yanina_Karolchyk-Pravalinskaya', 'summary': 'Yanina Karolchyk-Pravalinskaya ( Belarusian : Яніна Карольчык-Правалінская , née Karolchyk , born December 26 , 1976 ) is a Belarusian shot putter who won an Olympic gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia , and a gold medal at the 2001 World Championships in Edmonton , Alberta . In June 2003 , at a meet in Germany , Korolchik tested positive for the steroid clenbuterol . She was banned for two years and missed the 2004 Summer Olympics . She threw her longest distance in nine years in her 2010 season opener at the Olympic Champions Trophy meeting in Minsk , recording a best mark of 19.95 m. Karolchyk is married to Belarusian singer Uladzimer Pravalinski .'}]}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': 'Shot put', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clenbuterol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clenbuterol', 'summary': 'Clenbuterol is a sympathomimetic amine used by sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator . People with chronic breathing disorders such as asthma use this as a bronchodilator to make breathing easier . It is most commonly available as the hydrochloride salt , clenbuterol hydrochloride . It was patented in 1967 and came into medical use in 1977 .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mandeep Kaur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mandeep_Kaur_(athlete)', 'summary': "Mandeep Kaur ( born 19 April 1988 in Jagadhri ) is an Indian athlete who mainly competes in the 400 meters . She competed at the 2008 Olympic Games , but failed to pass the first round . Mandeep Kaur won gold medals in the women 's 4 x 400 metres relay events at the 2010 Commonwealth Games and the 2010 and 2014 Asian Games . On 29 June 2011 , Reuters reported that she had tested positive for the anabolic steroids methandienone and stanozolol during off-season tests , following the same day announcement of the Athletics Federation of India . She blamed the results on tainted food supplements , and denied taking any banned substance knowingly . After a total of 6 Indian female 400m runners tested positive , including Mandeep 's teammates at the Commonwealth Games , Ashwini Akkunji and Sini Jose , the team coach , Ukrainian Yuri Ogrodnik , was fired by India 's Sport 's Minister Ajay Maken ."}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Sprinting', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanozolol , Methandienone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanozolol', 'summary': 'Stanozolol ( abbrev . Stz ) , sold under many brand names , is an androgen and anabolic steroid ( AAS ) medication which was derived from dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) , it is used to treat hereditary angioedema . It was developed by American pharmaceutical company Winthrop Laboratories ( Sterling Drug ) in 1962 , and has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for human use , though it is no longer marketed in the USA . It is also used in veterinary medicine . Stanozolol has mostly been discontinued , and remains available in only a few countries . It is given by mouth in humans or by injection into muscle in animals . Unlike most injectable AAS , stanozolol is not esterified and is sold as an aqueous suspension , or in oral tablet form . The drug has a high oral bioavailability , due to a C17α alkylation which allows the hormone to survive first-pass liver metabolism when ingested . It is because of this that stanozolol is also sold in tablet form . Stanozolol is one of the AAS commonly used as performance-enhancing drugs and is banned from use in sports competition under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF ) and many other sporting bodies . Additionally , stanozolol has been used in US horse racing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Methandienone', 'summary': 'Metandienone , also known as methandienone or methandrostenolone and sold under the brand name Dianabol among others , is an androgen and anabolic steroid ( AAS ) medication which is mostly no longer used . It is also used non-medically for physique- and performance-enhancing purposes . It is often taken by mouth . Side effects of metandienone include symptoms of masculinization like acne , increased hair growth , voice changes , and increased sexual desire , estrogenic effects like fluid retention and breast enlargement , and liver damage . The drug is an agonist of the androgen receptor ( AR ) , the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) , and has strong anabolic effects and moderate androgenic effects . It also has moderate estrogenic effects . Metandienone was originally developed in 1955 by CIBA and marketed in Germany and the United States . As the CIBA product Dianabol , metandienone quickly became the first widely used AAS among professional and amateur athletes , and remains the most common orally active AAS for non-medical use . It is currently a controlled substance in the United States and United Kingdom and remains popular among bodybuilders . Metandienone is readily available without a prescription in certain countries such as Mexico , and is also manufactured in some Asian countries .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ali Ekber Kayas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': 'Sprinting', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oxandrolone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxandrolone', 'summary': 'Oxandrolone , sold under the brand names Oxandrin and Anavar , among others , is an androgen and anabolic steroid ( AAS ) medication which is used to help promote weight gain in various situations , to help offset protein catabolism caused by long-term corticosteroid therapy , to support recovery from severe burns , to treat bone pain associated with osteoporosis , to aid in the development of girls with Turner syndrome , and for other indications . It is taken by mouth . Side effects of oxandrolone include symptoms of masculinization such as acne , increased hair growth , voice changes , and increased sexual desire . The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid , hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor ( AR ) , the biological target of androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone . It has strong anabolic effects and weak androgenic effects , which give it a mild side effect profile and make it especially suitable for use in women . Oxandrolone was first described in 1962 and was introduced for medical use in 1964 . It is used mostly in the United States . In addition to its medical use , oxandrolone is used to improve physique and performance . The drug is a controlled substance in many countries , so nonmedical use is generally illicit .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tatyana Kazankina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tatyana_Kazankina', 'summary': "Tatyana Vasilyevna Kazankina ( Russian : Татья́на Васи́льевна Каза́нкина ; born 17 December 1951 in Petrovsk , Saratov Oblast , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union ) is a Soviet/Russian former runner who set seven world records and won a total of three gold medals at the Olympic Games . She was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and the title Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1976 . Kazankina competed for VSS Burevestnik . A month before the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal , Kazankina became the first woman to run 1500 m in under 4 minutes , her time of 3:56.0 beating Ludmila Bragina 's world record by 5.4 seconds . She won the 1500 m and 800 m golds in the Montreal games , setting a world record in the latter . In 1980 , she ran the 1500 m in 3:52.47 , becoming the first woman to run the distance faster than Paavo Nurmi . This stood as a world record for thirteen years and remains a European record . Her career came to an abrupt end in September 1984 when she was suspended for 18 months for refusing to undertake a drugs test after winning a 1,500m race in 3:58.63 in Paris . Apart from her sports achievements , Kazankina is known for her scientific works . She graduated from the Faculty of Economics at the Leningrad State University in 1975 . Later she defended her dissertation for the Candidate of Pedagogical Science degree at the Lesgaft Institute of Physical Education and worked as a lecturer until 1997 . She is the author of more than 20 scientific works ."}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Middle distance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Refusal to submit to doping control', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 months', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Héni Kechi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Héni_Kechi', 'summary': 'Héni Kechi ( born August 31 , 1980 in Djerba ) is a French track and field athlete who specialises in the 400 metres hurdles .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Sprinting', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cannabis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)', 'summary': 'Cannabis , also known as marijuana among other names , [ a ] is a psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant used for medical or recreational purposes . The primary psychoactive component of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC ) , one of the 483 known compounds in the plant , including at least 65 other cannabinoids . Cannabis can be used by smoking , vaporizing , within food , or as an extract . Cannabis has mental and physical effects . It causes a high , or stoned , feeling and other effects including a general change in perception , difficulty thinking , impaired short-term memory , altered sense of time , impaired body movement , relaxation , and an increase in appetite . At high doses , mental effects include psychosis , delusions , hallucinations , paranoia , and ideas of reference , sometimes with anxiety and panic . Its physical effects include increased heart rate , difficulty breathing , nausea , and behavioral problems in children whose mothers used cannabis during pregnancy . Short-term side effects may include dry mouth , red eyes , and feelings of paranoia or anxiety . Long-term adverse effects may include addiction , decreased mental ability in those who started regular use as adolescents , chronic coughing , and susceptibility to respiratory infections . There is a strong relation between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis , though the cause-and-effect is debated . Onset of effects is felt within minutes when smoked , and about 30 to 60 minutes when cooked and eaten . The effects last for two to six hours .'}]}, {'value': '3 months', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisa Kehler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisa_Kehler', 'summary': 'Lisa Martine Kehler ( née Langford ; born 15 March 1967 ) is a female retired race walker from England .'}]}, {'value': 'Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Race walking', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terbutaline', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terbutaline', 'summary': "Terbutaline , sold under the brand name Bricanyl among others , is a β2 adrenergic receptor agonist , used as a reliever inhaler in the management of asthma symptoms and as a tocolytic ( anti-contraction medication ) to delay preterm labor for up to 48 hours . This time can then be used to administer steroid injections to the mother which help fetal lung maturity and reduce complications of prematurity . It should not be used to prevent preterm labor or delay labor more than 48-72 hours . In February 2011 , the Food and Drug Administration began requiring a black box warning on the drug 's label . Pregnant women should not be given injections of the drug terbutaline for the prevention of preterm labor or for long-term ( beyond 48-72 hours ) management of preterm labor , and should not be given oral terbutaline for any type of prevention or treatment of preterm labor due to the potential for serious internal heart problems and death . It was patented in 1966 and came into medical use in 1970 ."}]}, {'value': 'Public warning', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naman Keïta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naman_Keïta', 'summary': 'Naman Keïta ( born 9 April 1978 in Paris , France ) is a track and field athlete , who takes part in the 400 m hurdles and 4 x 400m relay , competing internationally for France . He won the 4x400m relay gold medal at the 2003 World Championships in Paris , France . He was the bronze medalist in the 400 metres hurdles at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens , Greece . Besides , he won a gold medal and a bronze medal in the 4x400 m relay at the European Athletics Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Hurdling , sprinting', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Testosterone precursors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Testosterone', 'summary': 'Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid . In male humans , testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate , as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass , and the growth of body hair . In addition , testosterone is involved in health and well-being , and the prevention of osteoporosis . Insufficient levels of testosterone in men may lead to abnormalities including frailty and bone loss . Testosterone is a steroid from the androstane class containing a keto and hydroxyl groups at the three and seventeen positions respectively . It is biosynthesized in several steps from cholesterol and is converted in the liver to inactive metabolites . It exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor . In humans and most other vertebrates , testosterone is secreted primarily by the testicles of males and , to a lesser extent , the ovaries of females . On average , in adult males , levels of testosterone are about 7 to 8 times as great as in adult females . As the metabolism of testosterone in males is more pronounced , the daily production is about 20 times greater in men . Females are also more sensitive to the hormone . In addition to its role as a natural hormone , testosterone is used as a medication in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men , transgender hormone therapy for transgender men , and breast cancer in women .'}]}, {'value': '2 years', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'K', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_doping_cases_in_athletics_10', 'intro': "The use of performance-enhancing drugs (doping) is prohibited within the sport of athletics. Athletes who are found to have used such banned substances, whether through a positive drugs test, the biological passport system, an investigation or public admission, may receive a competition ban for a length of time which reflects the severity of the infraction. Athletes who are found to have banned substances in their possession, or who tamper with or refuse to submit to drug testing can also receive bans from the sport. Competitive bans may also be given to athletes who test positive for prohibited recreational drugs or stimulants with little performance-enhancing effect for competitors in athletics. The sports body responsible for determining which substances are banned in athletics is the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Typically, any athlete who tests positive for banned substances after having served a previous ban receives a lifetime ban from the sport of athletics. Many high-profile sportspeople to receive doping bans have come from the sport of athletics, with significant past cases concerning Ben Johnson, Lance Armstrong, Alberto Contador, Shane Warne, Diego Maradona, Shoaib Akhtar, Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. Furthermore, a number of athletes who underwent state-sponsored doping programmes in East Germany between the 1960s and 1980s were competitors in athletics, but the quality of the international anti-doping work was so poor that only one East German athlete ever tested positive. Following allegations of state-sponsored doping in Russia, the IAAF suspended the country's athletes from competition, including the 2016 Summer Olympics."} | null | null | For the athletes that had a doping violation in 2009 , what is the nationality of the youngest athlete ? | Russian |
0ba1dbcaa1515f23 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Swiss_Grand_Prix', 'title': '1951 Swiss Grand Prix', 'header': ['Pos', 'No', 'Driver', 'Constructor', 'Time', 'Gap'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juan Manuel Fangio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Fangio', 'summary': "Juan Manuel Fangio Deramo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈfanχjo ] , Italian pronunciation : [ ˈfandʒo ] ; 24 June 1911 - 17 July 1995 ) , nicknamed El Chueco ( the bowlegged or bandy legged one ) or El Maestro ( The Master ) , was an Argentine racing car driver . He dominated the first decade of Formula One racing , winning the World Drivers ' Championship five times . From childhood , he abandoned his studies to pursue auto mechanics . In 1938 , he debuted in Turismo Carretera , competing in a Ford V8 . In 1940 , he competed with Chevrolet , winning the Grand Prix International Championship and devoted his time to the Argentine Turismo Carretera becoming its champion , a title he successfully defended a year later . Fangio then competed in Europe between 1947 and 1949 , where he achieved further success . He won the World Championship of Drivers five times - a record which stood for 47 years until beaten by Michael Schumacher - with four different teams ( Alfa Romeo , Ferrari , Mercedes-Benz and Maserati ) , a feat that has not been repeated . He is regarded by many as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time and holds the highest winning percentage in Formula One - 46.15% - winning 24 of 52 Formula One races he entered . Fangio is the only Argentine driver to have won the Argentine Grand Prix , which he won four times in his career , more than any other driver . After retirement , Fangio presided as the honorary president of Mercedes-Benz Argentina from 1987 , a year after the inauguration of his museum , until his death in 1995 . On the centenary of his birth in 2011 , Fangio was remembered around the world and various activities were held in his honor ."}]}, {'value': 'Alfa Romeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Italian motor manufacturer Alfa Romeo has participated many times in Formula One . It currently participates as Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen while being operated by Sauber Motorsport AG . The brand has competed in motor racing as both a constructor and engine supplier sporadically between 1950 and 1987 , and later as a commercial partner since 2015 . The company 's works drivers won the first two World Drivers ' Championships in the pre-war Alfetta : Nino Farina in 1950 ; and Juan Manuel Fangio in 1951 . Following these successes Alfa Romeo withdrew from Formula One . During the 1960s , although the company had no official presence in the top tier of motorsport a number of Formula One teams used independently developed Alfa Romeo engines to power their cars . In the early 1970s , Alfa provided Formula One support for their works driver Andrea de Adamich , supplying adapted versions of their 3-litre V8 engine from the Alfa Romeo Tipo 33/3 sports car to power Adamich 's McLaren ( 1970 ) and March ( 1971 ) entries . None of these engine combinations scored championship points . In the mid-1970s , Alfa engineer Carlo Chiti designed a flat-12 engine to replace the T33 V8 , which achieved some success in taking the 1975 World Sportscar Championship . Bernie Ecclestone , then owner of the Brabham Formula One team , persuaded Alfa Romeo to supply this engine free for the 1976 Formula One season . Although the Brabham-Alfa Romeo 's first season was relatively modest , during the 1977 and 1978 World Championships their cars took 14 podium finishes , including two race victories for Niki Lauda . The company 's sporting department , Autodelta , returned as the works team in 1979 ."}]}, {'value': '2:35.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nino Farina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giuseppe_Farina', 'summary': 'Emilio Giuseppe Farina also known as Giuseppe Antonio Nino Farina ( Italian pronunciation : [ dʒuˈzɛppe ˈniːno faˈriːna ] ; 30 October 1906 - 30 June 1966 ) was an Italian racing driver and first official Formula One World Champion . He gained the title in 1950 . He was the Italian Champion in 1937 , 1938 and 1939 .'}]}, {'value': 'Alfa Romeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Italian motor manufacturer Alfa Romeo has participated many times in Formula One . It currently participates as Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen while being operated by Sauber Motorsport AG . The brand has competed in motor racing as both a constructor and engine supplier sporadically between 1950 and 1987 , and later as a commercial partner since 2015 . The company 's works drivers won the first two World Drivers ' Championships in the pre-war Alfetta : Nino Farina in 1950 ; and Juan Manuel Fangio in 1951 . Following these successes Alfa Romeo withdrew from Formula One . During the 1960s , although the company had no official presence in the top tier of motorsport a number of Formula One teams used independently developed Alfa Romeo engines to power their cars . In the early 1970s , Alfa provided Formula One support for their works driver Andrea de Adamich , supplying adapted versions of their 3-litre V8 engine from the Alfa Romeo Tipo 33/3 sports car to power Adamich 's McLaren ( 1970 ) and March ( 1971 ) entries . None of these engine combinations scored championship points . In the mid-1970s , Alfa engineer Carlo Chiti designed a flat-12 engine to replace the T33 V8 , which achieved some success in taking the 1975 World Sportscar Championship . Bernie Ecclestone , then owner of the Brabham Formula One team , persuaded Alfa Romeo to supply this engine free for the 1976 Formula One season . Although the Brabham-Alfa Romeo 's first season was relatively modest , during the 1977 and 1978 World Championships their cars took 14 podium finishes , including two race victories for Niki Lauda . The company 's sporting department , Autodelta , returned as the works team in 1979 ."}]}, {'value': '2:37.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 1.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luigi Villoresi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luigi_Villoresi', 'summary': 'Luigi Villoresi ( 16 May 1909 - 24 August 1997 ) was an Italian Grand Prix motor racing driver who continued racing on the Formula One circuit at the time of its inception .'}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '2:39.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 3.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Consalvo Sanesi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Consalvo_Sanesi', 'summary': "Consalvo Sanesi ( 28 March 1911 , in Terranuova Bracciolini , Arezzo - 28 July 1998 , in Milan ) was best known as the Alfa Romeo works ' test driver in the period following World War II , but he also competed in races with the Alfa Romeo Tipo 158/159 cars in the period before the Formula One World Championship came into being . He competed in five Formula One World Championship Grands Prix , debuting on 3 September 1950 . Although , on his day , his experience with the cars meant that he was often one of the fastest men on the racetrack , somehow this rarely translated into good results . He scored only 3 championship points . He found some success driving in sports car racing , continuing into the mid-1960s . On the 1953 Mille Miglia he posted the fastest stage average speed , 112.8 mph ( 181.5 km/h ) , beating greats such as Nino Farina and Juan Manuel Fangio , but on this occasion his car let him down and he failed to finish . A year later he won his class in the Carrera Panamericana . Sanesi entered an Alfa Romeo in the November 1954 Pan American race in Mexico . In the European touring car class of the event he led at one juncture with a total time of 8 hours , 29 minutes , and 24 seconds . He was overtaken by fellow Italian and Alfa Romeo drivers , Sergio Mantovani and Mario Della Favera . A couple of days later Sanesi established a 17-minute lead in his car , with the Alfa Romeo marque sweeping the first five positions of the European touring car division . He gave up front line racing following a near-death accident during the 1964 12 Hours of Sebring race , when following a crash his Alfa Romeo Giulia TZ burst into flames ."}]}, {'value': 'Alfa Romeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Italian motor manufacturer Alfa Romeo has participated many times in Formula One . It currently participates as Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen while being operated by Sauber Motorsport AG . The brand has competed in motor racing as both a constructor and engine supplier sporadically between 1950 and 1987 , and later as a commercial partner since 2015 . The company 's works drivers won the first two World Drivers ' Championships in the pre-war Alfetta : Nino Farina in 1950 ; and Juan Manuel Fangio in 1951 . Following these successes Alfa Romeo withdrew from Formula One . During the 1960s , although the company had no official presence in the top tier of motorsport a number of Formula One teams used independently developed Alfa Romeo engines to power their cars . In the early 1970s , Alfa provided Formula One support for their works driver Andrea de Adamich , supplying adapted versions of their 3-litre V8 engine from the Alfa Romeo Tipo 33/3 sports car to power Adamich 's McLaren ( 1970 ) and March ( 1971 ) entries . None of these engine combinations scored championship points . In the mid-1970s , Alfa engineer Carlo Chiti designed a flat-12 engine to replace the T33 V8 , which achieved some success in taking the 1975 World Sportscar Championship . Bernie Ecclestone , then owner of the Brabham Formula One team , persuaded Alfa Romeo to supply this engine free for the 1976 Formula One season . Although the Brabham-Alfa Romeo 's first season was relatively modest , during the 1977 and 1978 World Championships their cars took 14 podium finishes , including two race victories for Niki Lauda . The company 's sporting department , Autodelta , returned as the works team in 1979 ."}]}, {'value': '2:40.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 4.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toulo de Graffenried', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toulo_de_Graffenried', 'summary': "Baron Emmanuel 'Toulo ' de Graffenried ( 18 May 1914 , Paris , France - 22 January 2007 , Lonay , Switzerland ) was a Swiss motor racing driver . He participated in 23 World Championship Grands Prix , debuting on 13 May 1950 , and scored a total of nine championship points . He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races . De Graffenried began his racing career in 1936 , driving his own Maserati voiturette . Some of his most memorable results came at his home track : the challenging , cobbled , street circuit at Bremgarten near Bern . He won the 1949 British Grand Prix , a year before the FIA World Championship began . In that inaugural year de Graffenried contested four of the season 's seven races , with mixed results . He continued to drive in occasional races over the next six years , with his best finish being fourth place at the 1953 Belgian Grand Prix . Following his retirement from racing , de Graffenried managed his car dealership in Lausanne , featuring Alfa Romeo , Rolls-Royce and Ferrari automobiles . He also acted as stunt double for Kirk Douglas during the filming of The Racers . Later , he became a common figure at Formula One events during the 1970s and 1980s as the corporate ambassador for Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In recognition of his win at the first British Grand Prix , de Graffenried made his last appearance at the wheel of a racing car during the 1998 celebrations of Silverstone 's 50th anniversary at age 84 ."}]}, {'value': 'Alfa Romeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Italian motor manufacturer Alfa Romeo has participated many times in Formula One . It currently participates as Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen while being operated by Sauber Motorsport AG . The brand has competed in motor racing as both a constructor and engine supplier sporadically between 1950 and 1987 , and later as a commercial partner since 2015 . The company 's works drivers won the first two World Drivers ' Championships in the pre-war Alfetta : Nino Farina in 1950 ; and Juan Manuel Fangio in 1951 . Following these successes Alfa Romeo withdrew from Formula One . During the 1960s , although the company had no official presence in the top tier of motorsport a number of Formula One teams used independently developed Alfa Romeo engines to power their cars . In the early 1970s , Alfa provided Formula One support for their works driver Andrea de Adamich , supplying adapted versions of their 3-litre V8 engine from the Alfa Romeo Tipo 33/3 sports car to power Adamich 's McLaren ( 1970 ) and March ( 1971 ) entries . None of these engine combinations scored championship points . In the mid-1970s , Alfa engineer Carlo Chiti designed a flat-12 engine to replace the T33 V8 , which achieved some success in taking the 1975 World Sportscar Championship . Bernie Ecclestone , then owner of the Brabham Formula One team , persuaded Alfa Romeo to supply this engine free for the 1976 Formula One season . Although the Brabham-Alfa Romeo 's first season was relatively modest , during the 1977 and 1978 World Championships their cars took 14 podium finishes , including two race victories for Niki Lauda . The company 's sporting department , Autodelta , returned as the works team in 1979 ."}]}, {'value': '2:41.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 5.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '44', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Piero Taruffi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piero_Taruffi', 'summary': 'Piero Taruffi ( 12 October 1906 , Albano Laziale - 12 January 1988 ) , was a racing driver from Italy .'}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '2:45.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 9.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alberto Ascari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberto_Ascari', 'summary': "Alberto Ascari ( Italian pronunciation : [ alˈbɛrto ˈaskari ] ; 13 July 1918 - 26 May 1955 ) was an Italian racing driver and twice Formula One World Champion . He was a multitalented racer who competed in motorcycle racing before switching to cars . Ascari won consecutive world titles in 1952 and 1953 for Scuderia Ferrari . He was the team 's first World Champion and the last Italian to date to win the title . This was sandwiched an appearance in the Indianapolis 500 in 1952 . Ascari also won the Mille Miglia in 1954 . Ascari was noted for the careful precision and finely-judged accuracy that made him one of the safest drivers in a most dangerous era . Ascari remains along with Michael Schumacher Ferrari 's only back-to-back World Champions , and he is also Ferrari 's sole Italian champion . As the first driver to win multiple World Championship titles , he held the record for most World Championship titles in 1952-54 , as a result he is one of 3 drivers to have held the record for most World Championship titles . Juan Manuel Fangio held the record in 1951-52 and 1954-2002 ( jointly with Ascari in 1952 and 1954 ) and Michael Schumacher has held the record since 2002 . When Alberto was a young child , his father , Antonio , who was also a famous racing driver , died in an accident at the 1925 French Grand Prix . Alberto once admitted that he warned his children not to become extremely close to him because of the risk involved in his profession ."}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '2:46.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 10.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louis Rosier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Rosier', 'summary': 'Louis Rosier ( 5 November 1905 in Chapdes-Beaufort - 29 October 1956 in Neuilly-sur-Seine ) was a racing driver from France .'}]}, {'value': 'Talbot-Lago - Talbot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Talbot-Lago', 'summary': 'The Suresnes factory had been built by Alexandre Darracq for his pioneering car manufacturing business begun in 1896 , which he named A. Darracq & Cie . It was very profitable . Alexandre Darracq built racing as well as pleasure cars and Darracq rapidly became famous for its motor racing successes . Darracq sold his remaining portion of his business in 1912 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Talbot', 'summary': "Talbot or Clément-Talbot Limited was a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1903 . Clément-Talbot 's products were named just Talbot from shortly after introduction , but the business remained Clément-Talbot Limited until 1938 when it was renamed Sunbeam-Talbot Limited . The founders , Charles Chetwynd-Talbot , 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Adolphe Clément-Bayard , reduced their financial interests in their Clément-Talbot business during the First World War . Soon after the end of the war , Clément-Talbot was brought into a combine named S T D Motors . Shortly afterward , S T D Motors ' French products were renamed Talbot instead of Darracq . In the mid-1930s , with the collapse of S T D Motors , Rootes bought the London Talbot factory and Antonio Lago bought the Paris Talbot factory , Lago producing vehicles under the marques Talbot and Talbot-Lago . Rootes renamed Clément-Talbot Limited Sunbeam-Talbot Limited in 1938 , and stopped using the brand name Talbot in the mid-1950s . The Paris factory closed a few years later . Ownership of the marque came by a series of takeovers to Peugeot S.A. , which revived use of the Talbot name from 1978 until 1994 ."}]}, {'value': '2:52.7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 16.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter Whitehead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Whitehead_(racing_driver)', 'summary': 'Peter Nield Whitehead ( 12 November 1914 - 21 September 1958 ) was a British racing driver . He was born in Menston , Yorkshire and was killed in an accident at Lasalle , France , during the Tour de France endurance race . A cultured , knowledgeable and well-travelled racer , he was excellent in sports cars . He won the 1938 Australian Grand Prix , which along with a 24 Heures du Mans win in 1951 , probably was his finest achievement , but he also won two 12 Heures internationales de Reims events . He was a regular entrant , mostly for Peter Walker and Graham Whitehead , his half-brother . His death in 1958 ended a career that started in 1935 - however , he was lucky to survive an air crash in 1948 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '2:52.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 17.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudi Fischer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudi_Fischer', 'summary': 'Rudolf Rudi Fischer ( 19 April 1912 - 30 December 1976 ) was a racing driver from Switzerland . Fischer participated in eight World Championship Grands Prix , debuting on 27 May 1951 . He achieved two podium finishes , and scored a total of 10 championship points . He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One and Formula Two races .'}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '2:54.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 18.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henri Louveau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henri_Louveau', 'summary': 'Henri Louveau ( January 25 , 1910 - January 7 , 1991 ) was a racing driver from France . He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix , debuting on September 3 , 1950 . He scored no championship points . Louveau came 2nd in the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans .'}]}, {'value': 'Talbot-Lago - Talbot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Talbot-Lago', 'summary': 'The Suresnes factory had been built by Alexandre Darracq for his pioneering car manufacturing business begun in 1896 , which he named A. Darracq & Cie . It was very profitable . Alexandre Darracq built racing as well as pleasure cars and Darracq rapidly became famous for its motor racing successes . Darracq sold his remaining portion of his business in 1912 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Talbot', 'summary': "Talbot or Clément-Talbot Limited was a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1903 . Clément-Talbot 's products were named just Talbot from shortly after introduction , but the business remained Clément-Talbot Limited until 1938 when it was renamed Sunbeam-Talbot Limited . The founders , Charles Chetwynd-Talbot , 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Adolphe Clément-Bayard , reduced their financial interests in their Clément-Talbot business during the First World War . Soon after the end of the war , Clément-Talbot was brought into a combine named S T D Motors . Shortly afterward , S T D Motors ' French products were renamed Talbot instead of Darracq . In the mid-1930s , with the collapse of S T D Motors , Rootes bought the London Talbot factory and Antonio Lago bought the Paris Talbot factory , Lago producing vehicles under the marques Talbot and Talbot-Lago . Rootes renamed Clément-Talbot Limited Sunbeam-Talbot Limited in 1938 , and stopped using the brand name Talbot in the mid-1950s . The Paris factory closed a few years later . Ownership of the marque came by a series of takeovers to Peugeot S.A. , which revived use of the Talbot name from 1978 until 1994 ."}]}, {'value': '2:56.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 20.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philippe Étancelin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippe_Étancelin', 'summary': 'Philippe Étancelin ( 28 December 1896 - 13 October 1981 ) was a French Grand Prix motor racing driver who joined the new Formula One circuit at its inception .'}]}, {'value': 'Talbot-Lago - Talbot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Talbot-Lago', 'summary': 'The Suresnes factory had been built by Alexandre Darracq for his pioneering car manufacturing business begun in 1896 , which he named A. Darracq & Cie . It was very profitable . Alexandre Darracq built racing as well as pleasure cars and Darracq rapidly became famous for its motor racing successes . Darracq sold his remaining portion of his business in 1912 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Talbot', 'summary': "Talbot or Clément-Talbot Limited was a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1903 . Clément-Talbot 's products were named just Talbot from shortly after introduction , but the business remained Clément-Talbot Limited until 1938 when it was renamed Sunbeam-Talbot Limited . The founders , Charles Chetwynd-Talbot , 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Adolphe Clément-Bayard , reduced their financial interests in their Clément-Talbot business during the First World War . Soon after the end of the war , Clément-Talbot was brought into a combine named S T D Motors . Shortly afterward , S T D Motors ' French products were renamed Talbot instead of Darracq . In the mid-1930s , with the collapse of S T D Motors , Rootes bought the London Talbot factory and Antonio Lago bought the Paris Talbot factory , Lago producing vehicles under the marques Talbot and Talbot-Lago . Rootes renamed Clément-Talbot Limited Sunbeam-Talbot Limited in 1938 , and stopped using the brand name Talbot in the mid-1950s . The Paris factory closed a few years later . Ownership of the marque came by a series of takeovers to Peugeot S.A. , which revived use of the Talbot name from 1978 until 1994 ."}]}, {'value': '2:57.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 21.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '42', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'José Froilán González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Froilán_González', 'summary': "José Froilán González ( October 5 , 1922 - June 15 , 2013 ) was an Argentine racing driver , particularly notable for scoring Ferrari 's first win in a Formula One World Championship race at the 1951 British Grand Prix . He made his Formula One debut for Scuderia Achille Varzi in the 1950 Monaco Grand Prix . His last Grand Prix was the 1960 Argentine Grand Prix . González competed in 26 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix over nine seasons ( 1950-1957 and 1960 ) and numerous non-Championship events . In the 26 World Championship races , González scored two victories ( the 1951 British Grand Prix and the 1954 British Grand Prix ) , seven second-place finishes , six third-place finishes , three pole positions , six fastest laps , and 72 \u200b1⁄7 points . He won the 1951 Coppa Acerbo , in 1954 the 24 Hours of Le Mans with Maurice Trintignant , and the Portuguese Grand Prix for Ferrari . González 's nicknames were The Pampas Bull ( by his English fans ) and El Cabezón ( Fat Head , by his close colleagues ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Talbot-Lago - Talbot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Talbot-Lago', 'summary': 'The Suresnes factory had been built by Alexandre Darracq for his pioneering car manufacturing business begun in 1896 , which he named A. Darracq & Cie . It was very profitable . Alexandre Darracq built racing as well as pleasure cars and Darracq rapidly became famous for its motor racing successes . Darracq sold his remaining portion of his business in 1912 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Talbot', 'summary': "Talbot or Clément-Talbot Limited was a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1903 . Clément-Talbot 's products were named just Talbot from shortly after introduction , but the business remained Clément-Talbot Limited until 1938 when it was renamed Sunbeam-Talbot Limited . The founders , Charles Chetwynd-Talbot , 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Adolphe Clément-Bayard , reduced their financial interests in their Clément-Talbot business during the First World War . Soon after the end of the war , Clément-Talbot was brought into a combine named S T D Motors . Shortly afterward , S T D Motors ' French products were renamed Talbot instead of Darracq . In the mid-1930s , with the collapse of S T D Motors , Rootes bought the London Talbot factory and Antonio Lago bought the Paris Talbot factory , Lago producing vehicles under the marques Talbot and Talbot-Lago . Rootes renamed Clément-Talbot Limited Sunbeam-Talbot Limited in 1938 , and stopped using the brand name Talbot in the mid-1950s . The Paris factory closed a few years later . Ownership of the marque came by a series of takeovers to Peugeot S.A. , which revived use of the Talbot name from 1978 until 1994 ."}]}, {'value': '2:57.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 21.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stirling Moss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stirling_Moss', 'summary': 'Sir Stirling Craufurd Moss , OBE ( born 17 September 1929 ) is a British former Formula One racing driver . An inductee into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame , he won 212 of the 529 races he entered across several categories of competition and has been described as the greatest driver never to win the World Championship . In a seven-year span between 1955 and 1961 Moss finished as championship runner-up four times and in third place the other three times .'}]}, {'value': 'HWM - Alta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hersham_and_Walton_Motors', 'summary': "Hersham and Walton Motors ( HWM ) is the world 's longest established Aston Martin business ( having acquired the franchise in 1951 ) and is well known as a racing car constructor . As a constructor , it is best known for its involvement in Formula Two from 1950 to 1953 and Formula One in 1954 . When HWM owners George Abecassis and John Heath went racing together from 1946 and in 1948 they built a streamlined sports racing car on the chassis of a Sports Alta , and thus embarked upon the construction of racing cars and racing sports cars at their motor works in Walton-on-Thames , England . The 1948 car gave them encouraging results and so new car , this time called an HW-Alta , was constructed and raced in 1949 ; this car was sufficiently successful to convince the partners to embark upon building a full team of cars for the 1950 Formula Two season of British and continental events : these cars were known as HWMs . From 1950 to 1952 , HWM achieved remarkable success in Formula Two for a team that was run on very little money and yet which faced the might of continental marques in every race . By 1953 they were outclassed , but when the international Formula changed in 1954 , John Heath constructed a works car to compete in Formula One . HWM abandoned the new Formula One after two appearances as their car was seriously outclassed . Meanwhile , the first Jaguar-engined HWM sports racing car had appeared in 1953 , and this had some success with George Abecassis at the wheel . From then on until 1957 , the team was involved in sports car racing both in Britain and on the continent , sometimes beating their Jaguar and Aston Martin Works competitors . After John Heath was killed on the 1956 Mille Miglia in Italy in an HWM Works car , Abecassis did not wish to continue and the works racing programme continued for just a year . HWM is today owned by George Abecassis 's business partner Mike Harting ( ex . Aston Martin ) and his family ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alta_Car_and_Engineering_Company', 'summary': 'The Alta Car and Engineering Company was a British sports and racing car manufacturer , commonly known simply as Alta . Their cars contested five FIA World Championship races between 1950 and 1952 , as well as Grand Prix events prior to this . They also supplied engines to a small number of other constructors , most notably the Connaught and HWM teams .'}]}, {'value': '2:58.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 22.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yves Giraud-Cabantous', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yves_Giraud-Cabantous', 'summary': 'Marius Aristide Yves Giraud-Cabantous ( 8 October 1904 - 30 March 1973 ) was a racing driver from France . He drove in Formula One from 1950 to 1953 , participating in 13 World Championship Grands Prix , plus numerous non-Championship Formula One races . Giraud-Cabantous was born in Saint-Gaudens . He drove a Talbot-Lago-Talbot in 10 Championship races in 1950 and 1951 , and his final three events were in an HWM-Alta . He amassed a total of 5 Championship points , 3 at the 1950 British Grand Prix ( also his highest finish , a 4th place ) and 2 at the 1951 Belgian Grand Prix . He died in Paris , aged 68 .'}]}, {'value': 'Talbot-Lago - Talbot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Talbot-Lago', 'summary': 'The Suresnes factory had been built by Alexandre Darracq for his pioneering car manufacturing business begun in 1896 , which he named A. Darracq & Cie . It was very profitable . Alexandre Darracq built racing as well as pleasure cars and Darracq rapidly became famous for its motor racing successes . Darracq sold his remaining portion of his business in 1912 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Talbot', 'summary': "Talbot or Clément-Talbot Limited was a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1903 . Clément-Talbot 's products were named just Talbot from shortly after introduction , but the business remained Clément-Talbot Limited until 1938 when it was renamed Sunbeam-Talbot Limited . The founders , Charles Chetwynd-Talbot , 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Adolphe Clément-Bayard , reduced their financial interests in their Clément-Talbot business during the First World War . Soon after the end of the war , Clément-Talbot was brought into a combine named S T D Motors . Shortly afterward , S T D Motors ' French products were renamed Talbot instead of Darracq . In the mid-1930s , with the collapse of S T D Motors , Rootes bought the London Talbot factory and Antonio Lago bought the Paris Talbot factory , Lago producing vehicles under the marques Talbot and Talbot-Lago . Rootes renamed Clément-Talbot Limited Sunbeam-Talbot Limited in 1938 , and stopped using the brand name Talbot in the mid-1950s . The Paris factory closed a few years later . Ownership of the marque came by a series of takeovers to Peugeot S.A. , which revived use of the Talbot name from 1978 until 1994 ."}]}, {'value': '3:00.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 24.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '52', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter Hirt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Hirt', 'summary': 'Peter Hirt ( 30 March 1910 - 28 June 1992 ) was a racing driver from Switzerland . He participated in five World Championship Grands Prix , debuting on 27 May 1951 . He scored no championship points . He was a member of the Ecurie Espadon .'}]}, {'value': 'Veritas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veritas_(automobile)', 'summary': 'Veritas was a West German post World War II sports and race car company , located in the village of Hausen am Andelsbach , near Sigmaringen , Baden-Württemberg . It later moved to Meßkirch and Muggensturm and finally to the Nürburgring . The company was founded by Ernst Loof , Georg Meier and Lorenz Dietrich who initially re-built and tuned pre-war BMW 328 cars using components supplied by the customer , turning them into BMW-Veritas cars . The first car was used in 1947 Karl Kling to win at Hockenheim and subsequently become the 1947 German 2-litre champion . After only a few cars were made , following an objection from BMW , the cars became simply known as Veritas .'}]}, {'value': '3:01.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 25.7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Schell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Schell', 'summary': "Henry O'Reilly Harry Schell ( June 29 , 1921 - May 13 , 1960 ) was an American Grand Prix motor racing driver . He was the first American driver to start a Formula One Grand Prix ."}]}, {'value': 'Maserati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maserati_in_motorsport', 'summary': 'Throughout its history , the Italian auto manufacturer Maserati has participated in various forms of motorsports including Formula One , sportscar racing and touring car racing , both as a works team and through private entrants .'}]}, {'value': '3:02.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 26.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnny Claes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Claes', 'summary': 'Octave John Johnny Claes ( 11 August 1916 - 3 February 1956 ) was an English-born racing driver who competed for Belgium . Before his fame as a racing driver , Claes was also a jazz trumpeter and successful bandleader in Britain .'}]}, {'value': 'Talbot-Lago - Talbot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Talbot-Lago', 'summary': 'The Suresnes factory had been built by Alexandre Darracq for his pioneering car manufacturing business begun in 1896 , which he named A. Darracq & Cie . It was very profitable . Alexandre Darracq built racing as well as pleasure cars and Darracq rapidly became famous for its motor racing successes . Darracq sold his remaining portion of his business in 1912 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Talbot', 'summary': "Talbot or Clément-Talbot Limited was a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1903 . Clément-Talbot 's products were named just Talbot from shortly after introduction , but the business remained Clément-Talbot Limited until 1938 when it was renamed Sunbeam-Talbot Limited . The founders , Charles Chetwynd-Talbot , 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Adolphe Clément-Bayard , reduced their financial interests in their Clément-Talbot business during the First World War . Soon after the end of the war , Clément-Talbot was brought into a combine named S T D Motors . Shortly afterward , S T D Motors ' French products were renamed Talbot instead of Darracq . In the mid-1930s , with the collapse of S T D Motors , Rootes bought the London Talbot factory and Antonio Lago bought the Paris Talbot factory , Lago producing vehicles under the marques Talbot and Talbot-Lago . Rootes renamed Clément-Talbot Limited Sunbeam-Talbot Limited in 1938 , and stopped using the brand name Talbot in the mid-1950s . The Paris factory closed a few years later . Ownership of the marque came by a series of takeovers to Peugeot S.A. , which revived use of the Talbot name from 1978 until 1994 ."}]}, {'value': '3:02.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 26.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louis Chiron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Chiron', 'summary': 'Louis Alexandre Chiron ( 3 August 1899 - 22 June 1979 ) was a Monégasque racing driver who competed in rallies , sports car races , and Grands Prix . Among the greatest drivers between the two World Wars , his career embraced over thirty years , coming to light already in 1927 , and ending at the end of the 1950s . This is also why he is still the oldest driver ever to have raced in Formula One , having taken 6th place in the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix when he was 55 . The Bugatti Chiron takes its name from him .'}]}, {'value': 'Maserati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maserati_in_motorsport', 'summary': 'Throughout its history , the Italian auto manufacturer Maserati has participated in various forms of motorsports including Formula One , sportscar racing and touring car racing , both as a works team and through private entrants .'}]}, {'value': '3:03.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 27.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Abecassis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Abecassis', 'summary': 'George Edgar Abecassis DFC ( 21 March 1913 - 18 December 1991 ) was a British racing driver , and co-founder of the HWM Formula One team .'}]}, {'value': 'HWM - Alta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hersham_and_Walton_Motors', 'summary': "Hersham and Walton Motors ( HWM ) is the world 's longest established Aston Martin business ( having acquired the franchise in 1951 ) and is well known as a racing car constructor . As a constructor , it is best known for its involvement in Formula Two from 1950 to 1953 and Formula One in 1954 . When HWM owners George Abecassis and John Heath went racing together from 1946 and in 1948 they built a streamlined sports racing car on the chassis of a Sports Alta , and thus embarked upon the construction of racing cars and racing sports cars at their motor works in Walton-on-Thames , England . The 1948 car gave them encouraging results and so new car , this time called an HW-Alta , was constructed and raced in 1949 ; this car was sufficiently successful to convince the partners to embark upon building a full team of cars for the 1950 Formula Two season of British and continental events : these cars were known as HWMs . From 1950 to 1952 , HWM achieved remarkable success in Formula Two for a team that was run on very little money and yet which faced the might of continental marques in every race . By 1953 they were outclassed , but when the international Formula changed in 1954 , John Heath constructed a works car to compete in Formula One . HWM abandoned the new Formula One after two appearances as their car was seriously outclassed . Meanwhile , the first Jaguar-engined HWM sports racing car had appeared in 1953 , and this had some success with George Abecassis at the wheel . From then on until 1957 , the team was involved in sports car racing both in Britain and on the continent , sometimes beating their Jaguar and Aston Martin Works competitors . After John Heath was killed on the 1956 Mille Miglia in Italy in an HWM Works car , Abecassis did not wish to continue and the works racing programme continued for just a year . HWM is today owned by George Abecassis 's business partner Mike Harting ( ex . Aston Martin ) and his family ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alta_Car_and_Engineering_Company', 'summary': 'The Alta Car and Engineering Company was a British sports and racing car manufacturer , commonly known simply as Alta . Their cars contested five FIA World Championship races between 1950 and 1952 , as well as Grand Prix events prior to this . They also supplied engines to a small number of other constructors , most notably the Connaught and HWM teams .'}]}, {'value': '3:05.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+ 29.2', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Classification -- Qualifying', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1951_Swiss_Grand_Prix_0', 'intro': 'The 1951 Swiss Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Bremgarten on 27 May 1951. It was race 1 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers. The race saw the Formula One debut of British driver Stirling Moss.'} | null | null | What was the year of birth of the position 3 finisher of the 1951 Swiss Grand Prix ? | 1909 |
0ba4873d9e6cd66e | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Torneo_Descentralizado', 'title': '1999 Torneo Descentralizado', 'header': ['Team', 'City', 'Stadium', 'Capacity', 'Field'], 'data': [{'value': 'Alianza Atlético', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alianza_Atlético', 'summary': 'Club Alianza Atlético de Sullana is a Peruvian football club , located in the city of Sullana , Piura . The club was founded in 1920 and promoted to the Peruvian Primera División in 1988 . They are the only Peruvian top-tier club not based in a state capital .'}]}, {'value': 'Sullana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sullana', 'summary': 'Sullana is the name of the capital of the Sullana Province , in the north-western coastal plains of Peru on the Chira valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Campeones del 36', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Campeones_del_36', 'summary': 'The Estadio Municipal Campeones del 36 is a multi-use stadium in Sullana , Peru . It is used by the football team Alianza Atlético . The stadium holds 8,000 people and was built in 2000 . It is a small stadium that is planned to be expanded . The venue name , Champions of 1936 , is misleading . No Peruvian League was actually played in 1936 as the national team was preparing itself to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Germany . Alianza Atlético did , however , win a special national tournament ( representing their home region , Piura ) governed by the Peruvian Football Federation , and the name stuck despite not being recognized officially as national champions thereafter . The venue was remodeled and re-inaugurated in 2018 with an enlarged capacity of 12,000 .'}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alianza Lima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alianza_Lima', 'summary': "Club Alianza Lima ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkluβ a.ˈljãn.sa ˈli.ma ] ) is a Peruvian professional sports club based in La Victoria District of Lima , Peru . It is widely known for having one of the most historical and successful professional football teams of Peru : they have won a total of twenty-three league titles of the Peruvian First Division and are currently the oldest team playing in this competition , since the club was founded in 1901 . Alianza 's home stadium is the Estadio Alejandro Villanueva , named after Alejandro Villanueva , one of the most important players the club had in their history . The stadium is also popularly known as Matute , name of the neighbourhood in which it is located . It is the most popular side in Peru , having the highest number of fans and followers . Alianza enjoyed success throughout the first decades of their professional era . In 1987 , a tragedy struck Alianza when the entire squad and coaching staff died in an airplane crash as the team was returning from an away fixture . Alianza Lima has had a huge , long-standing rivalry with Universitario de Deportes , another popular football team of Lima , Peru . They play the Peruvian Clásico ."}]}, {'value': 'Lima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lima', 'summary': 'Lima ( /ˈliːmə/ , Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈlima ] ; Quechua : Limaq ) is the capital and the largest city of Peru . It is located in the valleys of the Chillón , Rímac and Lurín rivers , in the central coastal part of the country , overlooking the Pacific Ocean . Together with the seaport of Callao , it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area . With a population of more than 9 million , Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the third-largest city in the Americas ( as defined by city proper ) , behind São Paulo and Mexico City . Lima was named by natives in the agricultural region known by native Peruvians as Limaq , a name that it had acquired over time . It became the capital and most important city in the Viceroyalty of Peru . Following the Peruvian War of Independence , it became the capital of the Republic of Peru ( República del Perú ) . Around one-third of the national population lives in the metropolitan area . Lima is home to one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the New World . The National University of San Marcos , founded on 12 May 1551 , during the Spanish colonial empire , is the first officially established and the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas . Nowadays the city is considered as the political , cultural , financial and commercial center of the country . Internationally , it is one of the thirty most populated urban agglomerations in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Alejandro Villanueva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Alejandro_Villanueva', 'summary': 'The Estadio Alejandro Villanueva , formerly Estadio Alianza Lima , is a football stadium located in the neighborhood of Matute in La Victoria District in Lima , Peru . The stadium is the home of Alianza Lima . The stadium has a capacity of 33,938 people . It is named after former Alianza Lima player Alejandro Villanueva .'}]}, {'value': '35,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cienciano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienciano', 'summary': 'Club Sportivo Cienciano is a professional football club based in Cusco , Peru . The club was founded in 1901 and was originally the team of the students of the Ciencias y Artes School ( Ciencias meaning science in Spanish ) , from which it takes its name . It gained worldwide recognition after defeating River Plate from Argentina in the finals of the 2003 Copa Sudamericana and Boca Juniors in the 2004 Recopa Sudamericana .'}]}, {'value': 'Cuzco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cuzco', 'summary': 'Cusco ( Spanish : Cuzco , Cusco [ ˈkusko ] ; Quechua : Qusqu , Qosqo [ ˈqʊsqʊ ] , [ ˈqɔsqɔ ] ) , often spelled Cuzco , is a city in southeastern Peru , near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range . It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province . The city is the seventh most populous in Peru and , in 2017 it had a population of 428,450 . Located on the eastern end of the Knot of Cuzco , its elevation is around 3,400 m ( 11,200 ft ) . The city was the historic capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th century until the 16th-century Spanish conquest . In 1983 , Cusco was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO with the title City of Cuzco . It has become a major tourist destination , hosting nearly 2 million visitors a year . The Constitution of Peru designates it as the Historical Capital of Peru .'}]}, {'value': 'Garcilaso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Garcilaso', 'summary': "Estadio Inca Garcilaso de la Vega , commonly known as Estadio Garcilaso , is Cusco 's principal stadium and the home venue of the local football team Cienciano . The stadium was named after the Peruvian mestizo Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and inaugurated in 1960 , with an initial capacity of 30,000 . It is owned by the Instituto Peruano del Deporte ( Peruvian Institute of Sport ) . The increase in spectator capacity came after CONMEBOL chose Peru to host the Copa América 2004 , prompting the Peruvian government to invest in a five-million dollar renovation program for its stadia , including the Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega . Its renovation cost approximately $ 1,720,000 , which helped boost its official spectator capacity to 42,056 . The stadium ended up hosting the third place game of the Copa América 2004 . Thanks to the event , the city of Cusco received even more tourists than it already receives as Peru 's top tourist destination . The Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega is also recognized as one of the most beautiful stadiums in all of South America . This recognition is due to its well-maintained grass and its resistance to the sometimes aggressive and highly variable climate of the city of Cuzco . The awe is the stadium 's perpetual beauty even after these climates . It is this resistive beauty that inspires soccer commentators and visitors alike . The stadium is currently home to three football clubs ."}]}, {'value': '42,056', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deportivo Municipal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deportivo_Municipal', 'summary': "Club Centro Deportivo Municipal , commonly known as Deportivo Municipal , is a Peruvian football club based in Lima , Peru . They are among Peru 's most recognizable clubs and enjoy considerable popularity . The bulk of their success was won a few years after the club was founded in 1935 . The club was a top-flight contender during this period and won four Primera División titles . The club suffered relegation three times in their history : 1967 , 2000 , and 2007 . They have also been champions of the Segunda División on three occasions : 1968 , 2006 , and 2014 , granting them promotion to the first division . In 2014 , they won the Segunda División and they currently compete in the Primera División Peruana . Deportivo Municipal was one of the first Peruvian clubs to participate in a South American international football competition . In 1948 , they were invited to the South American Championship of Champions and finished fourth where clubs from seven of the then nine CONMEBOL football associations participated ."}]}, {'value': 'Lima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lima', 'summary': 'Lima ( /ˈliːmə/ , Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈlima ] ; Quechua : Limaq ) is the capital and the largest city of Peru . It is located in the valleys of the Chillón , Rímac and Lurín rivers , in the central coastal part of the country , overlooking the Pacific Ocean . Together with the seaport of Callao , it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area . With a population of more than 9 million , Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the third-largest city in the Americas ( as defined by city proper ) , behind São Paulo and Mexico City . Lima was named by natives in the agricultural region known by native Peruvians as Limaq , a name that it had acquired over time . It became the capital and most important city in the Viceroyalty of Peru . Following the Peruvian War of Independence , it became the capital of the Republic of Peru ( República del Perú ) . Around one-third of the national population lives in the metropolitan area . Lima is home to one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the New World . The National University of San Marcos , founded on 12 May 1551 , during the Spanish colonial empire , is the first officially established and the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas . Nowadays the city is considered as the political , cultural , financial and commercial center of the country . Internationally , it is one of the thirty most populated urban agglomerations in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Nacional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_(Lima)', 'summary': "The Estadio Nacional of Peru is a multi-purpose stadium located in Lima , Peru . Its current capacity is 40,000 seats as stated by the Peruvian Football Federation without the lodges for some thousands more . The stadium was first inaugurated on 27 October 1952 for the 1953 South American Championship - replacing the Stadium Nacional - and is Peru 's principal and national stadium . It has hosted three of the six South American Championship/Copa América football competitions held in Peru . It is referred to as the Coloso de José Díaz because of its proximity to a street of the same name . It is the home ground of the Peru national football team . The IPD ( Peruvian Sport Institute ) - a branch of the Ministry of Education - is the stadium 's administrating entity . The stadium has undergone several renovations for tournaments such as the 2004 Copa América . The artificial turf was installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship . It will probably be used at the 2021 FIFA U-17 World Cup . The most recent renovation started in 2010 and concluded in 2011 . The re-inauguration ceremony of the renovated stadium was held on 24 July 2011 with a match between the Peru national under-20 football team and the Spain national under-20 football team ."}]}, {'value': '45,750', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deportivo Pesquero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deportivo_Wanka', 'summary': 'Deportivo Wanka is a Peruvian football club , based in the city of Huancayo in the Peruvian Andes . It was founded in 1996 and is named after the Wankas people who formerly inhabited the area and after whom the city of Huancayo is named . The current Deportivo Wanka is merged with Deportivo Pesquero of Chimbote but its home city is still Huancayo . They play their home games at Estadio Huancayo . Their last First Division participation was in 2004 . They protested against their relegation and were suspended from participating in any football tournament .'}]}, {'value': 'Chimbote', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chimbote', 'summary': 'Chimbote [ tʃimˈbote ] ( listen ) ; Quechua : Chimputi ) is the largest city in the Ancash Region of Peru , and the capital of both Santa Province and Chimbote District . The city is located on the coast in Ferrol Bay , 130 km south of Trujillo and 420 kilometers ( 260 mi ) north of Lima on the North Pan-American highway . It is the start of a chain of important cities on the Peruvian north coast like Trujillo , Chiclayo and Piura . The advantages of this geographic location made Chimbote into a transshipment junction for the Santa River valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Manuel Rivera Sanchez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Manuel_Rivera_Sanchez', 'summary': 'Estadio Municipal Centenario Manuel Rivera Sánchez is a multi-purpose stadium in Chimbote , Peru . It was inaugurated on June 30 , 2007 with a friendly game between the Peru U-17 national football team and the Colombia U-17 national football team . Peru lost 4-2 . It hosts the home games of José Gálvez FBC . The stadium has a capacity of 25,000 people . It replaced Estadio Manuel Gómez Arellano .'}]}, {'value': '25,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'I.M.I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IMI_FC', 'summary': 'IMI Fútbol Club was a Peruvian football club , playing in the city of Talara .'}]}, {'value': 'Talara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Talara', 'summary': 'Talara is a city in the Talara Province of the Piura Region , in northwestern Peru . It is a port city on the Pacific Ocean with a population of 91,444 as of 2017 . Its climate is hot and dry . Due to its oil reserves , and ability to produce aviation fuel , Talara hosted a United States air base during World War II . Talara is also home to a large fishing fleet . The city is served by the Cap . FAP Víctor Montes Arias Airport . Talara is the westernmost city in all of mainland South America . ( A small outlying town , Seccion Dieciocho , is situated slightly further west , and just beyond there , the land itself reaches its westernmost extent at Punta Pariñas . ) Talara and some neighbouring cities ( Piura and Amotape ) served as the backdrop for the short novel Who Killed Palomino Molero ? by Mario Vargas Llosa .'}]}, {'value': 'Campeonísimo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Campeonísimo', 'summary': 'Estadio Campeonísimo is a multi-use stadium in Piura , Peru . It is currently used by football team Atlético Torino . The stadium holds 8,000 people . The stadium also holds Copa Peru matches for some of the local teams in Talara . Coordinates : 4°34′40″S 81°15′58″W / 4.5777°S 81.2660°W / -4.5777 ; -81.2660'}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juan Aurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Aurich', 'summary': "Club Juan Aurich S. A. , commonly known as Juan Aurich , is a professional football club based in Chiclayo , Peru . The original Juan Aurich club was founded in 1922 , this incarnation however was founded in 2005 ; they play in the Torneo Descentralizado where they have been playing since attaining promotion when they won the 2007 Copa Perú . They play their home games at the Estadio Elías Aguirre . Although the current Juan Aurich has played for only a few years in the top-flight , three other football clubs named Juan Aurich have played in the Torneo Descentralizado . The first Juan Aurich was founded in 1922 and played in the first division between 1967 and 1983 and again between 1988 and 1991 . Between 1994 and 1996 the merged football club Aurich-Cañaña had a brief spell in the Primera División after they achieved promotion through the 1993 Copa Perú . Finally , a third Juan Aurich football club achieved promotion in 1997 by winning the 1997 Copa Perú . This spell in the first division lasted from 1998 to 2002 . The club 's first major success was won in 2007 with the promotion to the Primera División via the Copa Perú . Four years later they conquered their second major success after winning the 2011 Torneo Descentralizado , defeating Alianza Lima in the third leg of the finals in a penalty shootout ."}]}, {'value': 'Chiclayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiclayo', 'summary': "Chiclayo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ tʃiˈklaʝo ] ; Quechua : Chiklayu ) is the principal city of the Lambayeque region in northern Peru . It is located 13 kilometers inland from the Pacific coast and 770 kilometers from the nation 's capital , Lima . Founded by Spanish explorers as Santa María de los Valles de Chiclayo in the 16th century , it was declared a city on 15 April 1835 by president Felipe Santiago Salaverry . He named Chiclayo the Heroic City to recognize the courage of its citizens in the fight for independence , a title it still holds . Other nicknames for Chiclayo include The Capital of Friendship and the Pearl of the North . Chiclayo is Peru 's fourth-largest city , after Lima , Arequipa , and Trujillo , with a population of 738,000 as of 2011 . The Lambayeque region is the fourth most populous metropolitan area of Peru , with a population of 972,713 in 2009 . The city was founded near an important prehistoric archaeological site , the Northern Wari ruins , which constitute the remains of a city from the 7th to 12th century of the Wari Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Elías Aguirre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Elías_Aguirre', 'summary': 'Estadio Capitán Remigio Elías Aguirre Romero is a multi-purpose stadium administrated by the governmental Instituto Peruano del Deporte in Chiclayo , Peru . It was built in 1970 named after the 19th century Peruvian sailor Elías Aguirre Romero . Its current spectator capacity is 23,000 ( can be limited to 20,000 for safety reasons ) after the renovations performed for the 2004 Copa América , and had artificial turf installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship . The most recognized club to play at this stadium is Juan Aurich .'}]}, {'value': '24,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melgar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FBC_Melgar', 'summary': "Foot Ball Club Melgar , known simply as FBC Melgar or Melgar , is a Peruvian football club based in Arequipa , Peru . It is one of Peru 's oldest football teams , founded on March 25 , 1915 by a group of football enthusiasts from Arequipa . The team first participated in the Peruvian football league in 1919 in Lima and later was invited to the first true National football league , the Torneo Descentralizado , in 1966 , when four teams from the provinces were invited to join the league . Joining them were Atlético Grau from Piura , Club Octavio Espinoza from Ica and Alfonso Ugarte ( Ch ) from Trujillo . Previously , only teams from Lima and Callao had been allowed to compete for the national championship . Due to a low finish the first year , Melgar was dropped from the league after the first year . After winning the Copa Perú they returned to the First Division where they have remained to this day . Melgar won the Torneo Descentralizado for the first time in 1981 . In the 1983 season the club finished first in the First Stage and at the end the top six teams played a play-off tournament to determine the year 's champion , which Melgar finished in second . FBC Melgar plays its home games at the Estadio Mariano Melgar , but since the Estadio de la UNSA was built in 1990 with a capacity of 40,000 , it has used both ."}]}, {'value': 'Arequipa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arequipa', 'summary': 'Arequipa ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aɾeˈkipa ] ; Aymara & Quechua : Ariqipa ) is a city located in the province and the eponymous department of Peru . It is the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru and often dubbed legal capital of Peru . It is the second most populated city in Peru , after Lima , with an urban population of 1,008,290 inhabitants according to the 2017 national census . Its metropolitan area integrates twenty-one districts , including the foundational central area , which it is the seat of the city government . The city has a Nominal GDP of 9,445 million ( USD ) and a nominal GDP per capita of 10,277 USD , which represents a GDP per capita PPP of 18,610 USD in the period 2015 , being the second city with the highest economic activity in Peru . Arequipa is also an important industrial and commercial center of Peru , and is considered as the second industrial city of the country . Within its industrial activity the manufactured products and the textile production of wool of camelids . The town maintains close commercial links with Chile , Bolivia , and Brazil and with the cities connected the South trainway , as well as with the port of Matarani . The city was founded on August 15 , 1540 , under the name of Beautiful Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption in the name of Marquis Francisco Pizarro . The September 22 of 1541 , the monarch Carlos V orders that it should be called « City of Arequipa. » In the viceregal period , it acquired importance for its outstanding economic role , and is characterized by the fidelismo towards the Spanish Crown , receiving titles such as Very Noble and Very Loyal and Very Loyal by the crown . In the Republican history of Peru , the city has been the focus of popular , civic and democratic rebellions , it has also been the cradle of outstanding intellectual , political and religious figures of the country . In the Republican era , it is awarded the title of Heroic city of the freedom people of Arequipa .'}]}, {'value': 'Mariano Melgar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Mariano_Melgar', 'summary': 'The Estadio Melgar is a multi-use stadium in Arequipa , Peru . Its primary use is to host football games for Peruvian First Division team FBC Melgar and Peruvian Segunda Division team Sportivo Huracán and Copa Perú teams Senati FBC , FBC Aurora and FBC White Star . The stadium has a seating capacity of 15,000 and includes a running track for track and field events . It was named after Mariano Melgar , a Peruvian patriot and poet from Arequipa . It is also known as Estadio de Cuarto Centenario ( Fourth Centennial Stadium ) since it is in a neighborhood which was built in celebration of the fourth centennial of the Spanish foundation of Arequipa . The stadium was a venue for the 2001 South American Under 17 Football Championship in Peru .'}]}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sport Boys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sport_Boys', 'summary': "Sport Boys Association , commonly referred to as Sport Boys or simply Boys , is a Peruvian football club based in the port city of Callao . It was founded on Peru 's independence day , July 28 , 1927 . Its classic and historic rival is the Atlético Chalaco against whom dispute the Clasico Porteño derby of Callao . It is considered the fourth most important club in the history of Peruvian football as they have won 6 national titles and have the largest number of international appearances after Universitario , Sporting Cristal and Alianza Lima , teams of Lima ."}]}, {'value': 'Callao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Callao', 'summary': "Callao ( /kɑːˈjɑːoʊ/ ; [ kaˈʎa.o , -ˈʝa- ] ) is a seaside city on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area . Callao is Peru 's chief seaport and home to its main airport , Jorge Chávez International Airport . Callao municipality consists of the whole Callao Region , which is also coterminous with the Province of Callao . Founded in 1537 by the Spanish , the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Latin America and the Pacific , as it was one of vital Spanish towns during the colonial era . Central Callao is about 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) west of the Historic Centre of Lima ."}]}, {'value': 'Miguel Grau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Miguel_Grau_(Callao)', 'summary': "Estadio Miguel Grau is a multi-use stadium in the Bellavista District of Callao , Peru . The stadium is part of the Sport Village of Callao ( Villa Deportiva del Callao ) or Yahuar Huaca , which is owned by the Callao Regional Government since 2011 . Its use is available to several football teams in the region including Sport Boys , Universidad de San Martín and Academia Cantolao who play their home matches here for the Torneo Descentralizado . The stadium 's maximum capacity is 17,000 and was inaugurated on 16 June 1996 with a match between Sport Boys and Deportivo Pesquero for the 1996 Torneo Descentralizado . The match was a 3-1 win for Sport Boys . Floodlight towers were installed in 2003 ."}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sporting Cristal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sporting_Cristal', 'summary': 'Club Sporting Cristal is a Peruvian football team . Based in the Rímac District , in the department of Lima , it plays in the professional league known as the Peruvian First Division . Sporting Cristal has won the league title 19 times , and it is the Peruvian team with the third most National titles . All its titles have been won in the professional era . It is one of the most popular football teams in Peru , along with Universitario and Alianza Lima ; it is the youngest of the three . In 1997 , it became the second Peruvian football club to reach the final of the Copa Libertadores , an international competition . Sporting Cristal plays its home games at the Estadio Alberto Gallardo . They also play at the Estadio Nacional for international competitions such as Copa Libertadores or Copa Sudamericana . The Estadio Nacional is also the venue for matches against Universitario and Alianza Lima .'}]}, {'value': 'Lima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lima', 'summary': 'Lima ( /ˈliːmə/ , Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈlima ] ; Quechua : Limaq ) is the capital and the largest city of Peru . It is located in the valleys of the Chillón , Rímac and Lurín rivers , in the central coastal part of the country , overlooking the Pacific Ocean . Together with the seaport of Callao , it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area . With a population of more than 9 million , Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the third-largest city in the Americas ( as defined by city proper ) , behind São Paulo and Mexico City . Lima was named by natives in the agricultural region known by native Peruvians as Limaq , a name that it had acquired over time . It became the capital and most important city in the Viceroyalty of Peru . Following the Peruvian War of Independence , it became the capital of the Republic of Peru ( República del Perú ) . Around one-third of the national population lives in the metropolitan area . Lima is home to one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the New World . The National University of San Marcos , founded on 12 May 1551 , during the Spanish colonial empire , is the first officially established and the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas . Nowadays the city is considered as the political , cultural , financial and commercial center of the country . Internationally , it is one of the thirty most populated urban agglomerations in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'San Martín de Porres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_San_Martín_de_Porres', 'summary': 'Estadio Alberto Gallardo is a football stadium in the Rimac District of Lima , Peru , named after Alberto Gallardo , a former Peruvian football player and manager who played several years for Sporting Cristal . It is the home of football club Sporting Cristal . The stadium was built in the 1960s along the Rímac River for local football use and originally named Estadio San Martín de Porres . Many clubs playing in the Primera División , Segunda División , and district leagues of San Martín de Porres were among the many tenants the stadium had . In 1995 , Sporting Cristal - one of the regular first division tenants of the stadium - decided to lease the venue from the Instituto Peruano del Deporte . The club recently signed a new lease contract for 10 years and will expire in 2022 . The stadium itself has hosted few high-risk matches due to the limited access to the stadium and the low capacity of 20,000 .'}]}, {'value': '18,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Unión Minas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Unión_Minas', 'summary': 'Unión Minas is a Peruvian football club , playing in the city of Cerro de Pasco . The club were founded 23 April 1974 and play in the Copa Perú which is the third division of the Peruvian league .'}]}, {'value': 'Cerro de Pasco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cerro_de_Pasco', 'summary': 'Cerro de Pasco is a city in central Peru , located at the top of the Andean mountains . It is the capital of the Pasco region , and an important mining center . At 4,330 metres ( 14,210 ft ) elevation , it is one of the highest cities in the world , and the highest or the second highest city with over 50,000 inhabitants , with elevation reaching up to 4,380 m in the Yanacancha area . It is connected by road and by rail to the capital Lima , as far as 300 km .'}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Alcides Carrión', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Daniel_Alcides_Carrión', 'summary': 'Estadio Daniel Alcides Carrión is a multi-use stadium located in Cerro de Pasco , Peru . It is used by football team Unión Minas . The stadium holds 8,000 people and is the highest stadium in the world , with an altitude of 4,380 meters ( 13,973 ft ) above sea level . This makes it very difficult for players who are not used to playing at this height and has caused some controversy . Coordinates : 10°41′06″S 76°14′53″W / 10.6850°S 76.2480°W / -10.6850 ; -76.2480'}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Universitario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Universitario_de_Deportes', 'summary': "Club Universitario de Deportes , also popularly known as Universitario and La U , is a Peruvian football club located in Lima . The club was founded in 1924 under the name Federación Universitaria by students of the National University of San Marcos but was forced to rename in 1931 . Since 1928 , the club competes in the top tier of Peruvian football , the Torneo Descentralizado . In 2000 , they opened the 80,000-capacity stadium Estadio Monumental , currently the largest stadium in Peru and South America , retiring their smaller Estadio Teodoro Lolo Fernandez . Universitario and Alianza Lima are involved in the derby el Clásico , which has its roots in the club 's first participation in the Primera División in 1928 . It also has rivalries with Sporting Cristal , Deportivo Municipal , and Sport Boys . Universitario has won twenty-six first division titles , it was the first Peruvian club to reach the final of the Copa Libertadores . The club won its first Peruvian title in 1929 , one year after its debut in the first division . The club won its first double in the seasons of 1945 and 1946 and won its only treble after conquering the 2000 season . Universitario is one of the two most popular teams in Peru . Universitario 's youth team is U América FC which currently participates in the Copa Perú . According to the International Federation of Football History and Statistics , an international organization recognized by FIFA , Universitario was the best Peruvian club of the 20th century and the 28th most successful in South America ."}]}, {'value': 'Lima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lima', 'summary': 'Lima ( /ˈliːmə/ , Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈlima ] ; Quechua : Limaq ) is the capital and the largest city of Peru . It is located in the valleys of the Chillón , Rímac and Lurín rivers , in the central coastal part of the country , overlooking the Pacific Ocean . Together with the seaport of Callao , it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area . With a population of more than 9 million , Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the third-largest city in the Americas ( as defined by city proper ) , behind São Paulo and Mexico City . Lima was named by natives in the agricultural region known by native Peruvians as Limaq , a name that it had acquired over time . It became the capital and most important city in the Viceroyalty of Peru . Following the Peruvian War of Independence , it became the capital of the Republic of Peru ( República del Perú ) . Around one-third of the national population lives in the metropolitan area . Lima is home to one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the New World . The National University of San Marcos , founded on 12 May 1551 , during the Spanish colonial empire , is the first officially established and the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas . Nowadays the city is considered as the political , cultural , financial and commercial center of the country . Internationally , it is one of the thirty most populated urban agglomerations in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Nacional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_(Lima)', 'summary': "The Estadio Nacional of Peru is a multi-purpose stadium located in Lima , Peru . Its current capacity is 40,000 seats as stated by the Peruvian Football Federation without the lodges for some thousands more . The stadium was first inaugurated on 27 October 1952 for the 1953 South American Championship - replacing the Stadium Nacional - and is Peru 's principal and national stadium . It has hosted three of the six South American Championship/Copa América football competitions held in Peru . It is referred to as the Coloso de José Díaz because of its proximity to a street of the same name . It is the home ground of the Peru national football team . The IPD ( Peruvian Sport Institute ) - a branch of the Ministry of Education - is the stadium 's administrating entity . The stadium has undergone several renovations for tournaments such as the 2004 Copa América . The artificial turf was installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship . It will probably be used at the 2021 FIFA U-17 World Cup . The most recent renovation started in 2010 and concluded in 2011 . The re-inauguration ceremony of the renovated stadium was held on 24 July 2011 with a match between the Peru national under-20 football team and the Spain national under-20 football team ."}]}, {'value': '45,750', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grass', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': 'Alianza AtléticoJuan AurichUnión MinasIMIPesqueroCiencianoMelgar Alianza LimaMunicipalSporting Cristal Universitario Sport Boys Locations of the 1999 Primera División teams', 'uid': '1999_Torneo_Descentralizado_0', 'intro': 'The 1999 season of the Torneo Descentralizado was the 84th season of the top category of Peruvian football (soccer). It was played by 12 teams. The national champion was Universitario. The national championship was divided into two half-year tournaments, the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura. Each was played on a home-and-away round-robin basis. The winners of each would play for the national title in a playoff. If the same club had won both tournaments, it would have won the national championship automatically. Following-season Copa Libertadores berths went to the champion, as well as to the best other team in the aggregate table. The bottom team on the aggregate table was relegated, while the eleventh place held a promotion play-off against the winner of the Segunda División (Second Division).'} | null | null | What is the spanish meaning of the name of the team whose city had a population of 428,450 in 2017 ? | science |
0ba4bc13a3553f97 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Asian_Tour', 'title': '2010 Asian Tour', 'header': ['Dates', 'Tournament', 'Country', 'Prize fund ( US $ )', 'Winner', 'OWGR pts'], 'data': [{'value': 'Feb 4-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asian Tour International', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asian_Tour_International', 'summary': 'The Asian Tour International was a golf tournament on the Asian Tour , played in Thailand from 2008 to 2010 . In 2009 , following the cancellation of the Emaar-MGF Indian Masters , the Asian Tour International was rescheduled to be the season opening event .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '300,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gaganjeet Bhullar ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaganjeet_Bhullar', 'summary': 'Gaganjeet Singh Bhullar ( born 27 April 1988 ) is an Indian professional golfer who plays on the European Tour . He was awarded Arjuna Award in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feb 11-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avantha Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avantha_Masters', 'summary': "The Avantha Masters was a professional golf tournament co-sanctioned by the European Tour , Asian Tour and the Professional Golf Tour of India . The tournament was played at the DLF Golf and Country Club in Delhi from 2010 to 2012 and moved to Jaypee Greens Golf Club , Greater Noida in 2013 . The event was tri-sanctioned by the European Tour , the Asian Tour and the Professional Golf Tour of India ( PGTI ) . The 2011 Avantha Masters carried an increased prize fund of €1.8 million . On 5 September 2013 , the tournament 's sponsor , Avantha Group , announced it had decided against renewing the contract with the European Tour because of current economic conditions . With the announcement , the Avantha Masters has been removed from the 2014 calendar of its three sanctioning Tours ."}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '2,100,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew Dodt ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Dodt', 'summary': 'Andrew Dodt ( born 26 January 1986 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the European Tour , Asian Tour , and PGA Tour of Australasia . He has won twice on the European Tour , in India and Thailand , both events co-sanctioned with the Asian Tour .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 4-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maybank Malaysian Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maybank_Malaysian_Open', 'summary': "The Malaysian Open was a men 's professional golf tournament . It was inaugurated in 1962 as the Malayan Open , and was one of the events on the first season of the Far East circuit that year . In 1999 it joined the Asian Tour and also became part of the European Tour 's expansion into Asia as a jointly sanctioned event . Since its inauguration there has never been a Malaysian winner . Former winners include world # 1 golfers Vijay Singh and Lee Westwood . The final six events , beginning in 2010 , were held at the Kuala Lumpur Golf & Country Club . Other notable winners include 17-year-old Italian Matteo Manassero in 2011 and British Open champion Louis Oosthuizen the following year . The year Oosthuizen won the prize fund was US $ 2.5 million . The event has not been staged since 2015 . The final champion was India 's Anirban Lahiri . This was his first ever win on the European Tour and it was his sixth win on the Asian Tour ."}]}, {'value': 'Malaysia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malaysia', 'summary': "Malaysia ( /məˈleɪziə , -ʒə/ ( listen ) mə-LAY-zee-ə , -\u2060zhə ; Malay : [ məlejsiə ] ) is a country in Southeast Asia . The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories , separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the world 's 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . In the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries , home to large numbers of endemic species . Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which , from the 18th century , became subject to the British Empire , along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate . Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo , Sarawak , and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia ."}]}, {'value': '2,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noh Seung-yul ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noh_Seung-yul', 'summary': 'Noh Seung-yul ( Korean : 노승열 ; born 29 May 1991 ) , or Seung-yul Noh is a South Korean professional golfer . Noh turned professional in 2007 and successfully negotiated qualifying school for the 2008 Asian Tour . He won the Midea China Classic that season , and was named Asian Tour rookie of the year . In 2010 he won the Maybank Malaysian Open which was co-sanctioned with the European Tour . The win made him the second youngest winner ( 18 years , 282 days ) ever on the European Tour after Danny Lee ( 18 years , 213 days ) . He finished 2010 as the leader of the Asian Tour money list , and ranked 34th on the European Tour Order of Merit . In December 2011 , Noh finished T3 at the PGA Tour Q-School to earn his tour card for the 2012 season . This marked the first time that Noh had earned a full membership on the PGA Tour . In 2012 , he finished 49th on the PGA Tour money list and 37th in the FedEx Cup playoffs to retain his card for 2013 . In 2013 , he finished 153rd on the money list and missed the FedEx Cup playoffs . He played in the Web.com Tour Finals and finished fourth to regain his PGA Tour card for 2014 . On 27 April 2014 , he won the Zurich Classic of New Orleans , one month before his 23rd birthday .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 30 - Apr 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SAIL Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SAIL_Open', 'summary': 'The SAIL-SBI Open is a golf tournament on the Asian Tour , played in India . It has been held annually since 2008 and is co-sanctioned by the Professional Golf Tour of India . The title sponsors are Steel Authority of India Limited ( SAIL ) and State Bank of India ( SBI ) . The inaugural tournament was played at Jaypee Greens Golf Resort in Greater Noida , before moving to the Jack Nicklaus designed Signature Course at Classic Golf Resort , just outside Gurgaon , near New Delhi in 2009 . Since 2010 , the tournament has been played at the Delhi Golf Club . In 2009 , Chapchai Nirat , set a new Asian Tour scoring record when he captured the title with a 32-under-par aggregate of 256 .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '300,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rikard Karlberg ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rikard_Karlberg', 'summary': "Rikard Karlberg ( born 1 December 1986 ) is a Swedish professional golfer . Karlberg was born in Gothenburg . He turned professional in 2006 . He topped the Nordic League rankings in 2007 to earn a tour card on the Challenge Tour . His best finish on the Challenge Tour was T4 at the 2008 Reale Challenge de España . Karlberg earned his 2010 Asian Tour card through qualifying school . He won the second Asian Tour event he played , the SAIL Open . Later in the year , he won his second Asian Tour title at the Hero Honda Indian Open . Karlberg earned a 2015 European Tour card through qualifying school , and won the Open d'Italia during his rookie season ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 8-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Air Bagan Myanmar Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Air_Bagan_Myanmar_Open', 'summary': 'The Myanmar Open is a professional golf tournament on the Asian Tour . It was founded in 1996 , and was played every year until 2005 . Between 2006 and 2015 it was only contested in 2010 , 2012 and 2013 . The tournament returned in February 2016 , sponsored by Leopalace21 and co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour and Japan Golf Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Myanmar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Myanmar', 'summary': 'Myanmar ( English pronunciation below ; Burmese : မြန်မာ , [ mjəmà ] ) [ nb 1 ] or Burma ( see §Etymology ) , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar [ nb 2 ] , is a country in Southeast Asia . Myanmar is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest , China to its northeast , Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast , and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest . With a size of 676,578 square kilometres ( 261,228 square miles ) , Myanmar is the largest of the Mainland Southeast Asian states by area . As of 2017 , the population is about 54 million . Its capital city is Naypyidaw , and its largest city is Yangon ( Rangoon ) . Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ) since 1997 . Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma . In the 9th century , the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and , following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s , the Burmese language , culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country . The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged . In the 16th century , reunified by the Taungoo dynasty , the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Mainland Southeast Asia . The early 19th century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well . The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony .'}]}, {'value': '300,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tetsuji Hiratsuka ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tetsuji_Hiratsuka', 'summary': 'Tetsuji Hiratsuka ( 平塚 哲二 , Hiratsuka Tetsuji , born 6 November 1971 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Hiratsuka was born in Kyoto , Japan . He has won six times on the Japan Golf Tour . He represented Japan at the 2007 Omega Mission Hills World Cup with Hideto Tanihara .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 22-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Ballantine 's Championship", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ballantine's_Championship", 'summary': "The Championship at Laguna National , previously known as Ballantine 's Championship , was a European Tour golf tournament which was played for the first time from 13 to 16 March 2008 at Pinx Golf Club on the island of Jeju in South Korea . It was the first European Tour event to be staged in Korea . From 2008 to 2010 , the tournament was played at Pinx Golf Club . From 2011 to 2013 , the tournament was played at Blackstone Golf Club . In 2014 , the event has moved to Laguna National Golf & CC in Singapore . The tournament was announced in July 2007 by the European Tour in partnership with the Korean PGA , marking a continuation of the European Tour 's expansion into Asia . The Asian Tour , which had not been offered the co-sanctioning rights to which it felt it was entitled , responded by calling the event an invasive action that colonised Asia in blatant disregard of the principles of the International Federation of PGA Tours , but six months later it agreed terms to co-sanction the event . The prize fund in the first year was €2 million ( circa US $ 2.9 million ) ."}]}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': '2,900,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcus Fraser ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcus_Fraser_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Marcus Fraser ( born 26 July 1978 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the European Tour , PGA Tour of Australasia and Asian Tour .'}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jun 17-20', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Queen 's Cup", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Queen's_Cup_(golf)", 'summary': "The Queen 's Cup is a golf tournament on the Asian Tour and is played in Thailand . The inaugural tournament was held in 2009 at the Santiburi Samui Country Club and the prize fund was US $ 300,000 . Chinnarat Phadungsil won the tournament and won $ 47,550 . The event was played at Santiburi Samui Country Club until 2018 . There were two events in 2018 . An event was held at Phoenix Gold Golf and Country Club in late June and early July and a second event was held later in the season at the Legacy Golf Club , in late November and early December ."}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '300,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tetsuji Hiratsuka ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tetsuji_Hiratsuka', 'summary': 'Tetsuji Hiratsuka ( 平塚 哲二 , Hiratsuka Tetsuji , born 6 November 1971 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Hiratsuka was born in Kyoto , Japan . He has won six times on the Japan Golf Tour . He represented Japan at the 2007 Omega Mission Hills World Cup with Hideto Tanihara .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jul 29 - Aug 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brunei Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brunei_Open', 'summary': "The Brunei Open was an Asian Tour golf tournament . The 2005 staging was Brunei 's first ever professional golf tournament , and it was won by Terry Pilkadaris of Australia . The event is held at the Jack Nicklaus-designed course at the Empire Hotel and Country Club . In 2010 the prize fund was US $ 300,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Brunei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brunei', 'summary': "Brunei ( /bruːˈnaɪ/ ( listen ) broo-NY ) , officially the Nation of Brunei , the Abode of Peace ( Malay : Negara Brunei Darussalam , Jawi : نڬارا بروني دارالسلام ) , is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia . Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea , the country is completely surrounded by the insular Malaysian state of Sarawak . It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang . Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo ; the remainder of the island 's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia . Brunei 's population was 428,963 in 2018 . At the peak of the Bruneian Empire , Sultan Bolkiah ( reigned 1485-1528 ) is alleged to have had control over most regions of Borneo , including modern-day Sarawak and Sabah , as well as the Sulu Archipelago off the northeast tip of Borneo , Seludong ( modern-day Manila ) , and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo . The maritime state was visited by Spain 's Magellan Expedition in 1521 and fought against Spain in the 1578 Castilian War . During the 19th century , the Bruneian Empire began to decline . The Sultanate ceded Sarawak ( Kuching ) to James Brooke and installed him as the White Rajah , and it ceded Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company . In 1888 , Brunei became a British protectorate and was assigned a British resident as colonial manager in 1906 . After the Japanese occupation during World War II , in 1959 a new constitution was written . In 1962 , a small armed rebellion against the monarchy was ended with the help of the British ."}]}, {'value': '300,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Siddikur ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Siddikur', 'summary': "Mohammad Siddikur Rahman ( Bengali : মোহাম্মদ সিদ্দিকুর রহমান ) ( born 20 November 1984 ) is a Bangladeshi professional golfer who plays on the Asian Tour . As an amateur , Siddikur won twelve events in Asia , winning five times in Bangladesh , two in Pakistan , Sri Lanka , and Nepal and one in India . Siddikur turned professional in 2005 and joined the Professional Golf Tour of India in 2006 . He picked up his first win on tour in 2008 at the PGTI Players Championship at Poona Golf Club and he picked up his second victory two months later at the HUDA-GTPL - Unitech Haryana Open . Siddikur won his third event in 2009 at The Global Green Bangalore Open and his fourth event in 2010 at the American Express Bangladesh Open . Siddikur joined the Asian Tour in 2009 after finishing in the top 40 at qualifying school . He finished 84th on the Order of Merit for the 2009 season . Siddikur became the first Bangladeshi golfer to win an Asian Tour event at the Brunei Open in August 2010 . Siddikur went to a playoff with South African Jbe ' Kruger and defeated him on the first extra hole . Kruger missed a 10-foot par putt to extend the playoff . On 10 July 2016 , Siddikur became the first Bangladeshi ever to qualify for the Olympic Games after finishing 56th in the final eligibility list for the Rio 2016 Games ; all previous Olympians from Bangladesh had been wild-card selections . He finished the tournament in 58th place ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aug 5-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Worldwide Holdings Selangor Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worldwide_Holdings_Selangor_Masters', 'summary': 'The Selangor Masters was a golf tournament on the Asian Tour , played in Malaysia . The inaugural tournament was held in 2008 at the Seri Selangor Golf Club and the prize fund was US $ 300,000 . Malaysian native Ben Leong won the inaugural tournament . The 2014 prize fund was RM1,300,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Malaysia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malaysia', 'summary': "Malaysia ( /məˈleɪziə , -ʒə/ ( listen ) mə-LAY-zee-ə , -\u2060zhə ; Malay : [ məlejsiə ] ) is a country in Southeast Asia . The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories , separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the world 's 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . In the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries , home to large numbers of endemic species . Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which , from the 18th century , became subject to the British Empire , along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate . Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo , Sarawak , and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia ."}]}, {'value': '365,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angelo Que ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Que', 'summary': 'Angelo Que ( born 3 December 1978 ) is a Filipino professional golfer . Que won the Philippine Amateur twice before turning professional in 2003 . He has played on the Asian Tour since 2003 and has won thrice : the 2004 Carlsberg Masters Vietnam , the 2008 Philippine Open and the 2010 Worldwide Holdings Selangor Masters .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sep 2-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Omega European Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Omega_European_Masters', 'summary': "The Omega European Masters is the Swiss stop on professional men 's golf 's European Tour , and in 2009 it became the first event in Europe to be co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour . Founded as the Swiss Open in 1923 , the tournament was prefixed with European Masters in 1983 , before dropping Swiss Open from the title in 1992 . During the 1971 event , Baldovino Dassù became the first player to score 60 for 18 holes on the European circuit . The tournament has been held at the Golf-Club Crans-sur-Sierre at Crans-Montana in Valais since 1939 , and is currently played in early September each year ."}]}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '2,800,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miguel Ángel Jiménez ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Ángel_Jiménez', 'summary': 'Miguel Ángel Jiménez Rodríguez ( born 5 January 1964 ) is a Spanish professional golfer . He has won 21 times on the European Tour and has been a member of two victorious Ryder Cup teams .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sep 9-12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Handa Singapore Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Handa_Singapore_Classic', 'summary': 'The ISPS Handa Singapore Classic was a golf tournament on the Asian Tour from 2010 to 2012 at the Orchid Country Club in Singapore . It was played for the first time in September 2010 . The purse was US $ 400,000 in 2010 and 2012 and US $ 300,000 in 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Singapore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Singapore', 'summary': "Singapore ( /ˈsɪŋ ( ɡ ) əpɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia . Singapore is located about one degree ( 137 kilometres or 85 miles ) north of the equator , and is situated off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , and by extension , the southernmost extremity of continental Asia . The island country shares its southern maritime border with Indonesia 's Riau Islands , its northern , western , and eastern maritime borders with the Johor state of Peninsular Malaysia , and is in the vicinity of Sumatra to its west and Borneo to its east . It is enveloped by the littoral waters of the Johore Strait to its north and the Singapore Strait to its south , and is geographically positioned within the confluence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans , being bounded by the Malacca Strait to its west and the South China Sea to its east . The country 's territory is composed of one main island and 58 smaller islets , the combined area of which has increased by almost 25% since the country 's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects . Although Singapore has been a constituent part of several Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empires and Islamic sultanates throughout its millennia-long history , modern Singapore , then part of the erstwhile Johor Sultanate , was founded in 1819 when Stamford Raffles , a British colonial officer , established a trading post of the East India Company on the island . In 1824 , the island and its satellite islets were fully ceded by the Johor Sultanate , and in 1826 , Singapore was incorporated into the Straits Settlements , a group of East India Company territories in the Malay peninsula . From 1830 to 1858 , the Straits Settlements were administered as a Malayan subdivision of the East India Company 's Bengal Presidency ; following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the Presidency and its constituent Settlements were reorganised into the British Raj . In 1867 , Britain 's colonial holdings in the Malay archipelago were separated from British India , and the administration of the Straits Settlements was transferred from Calcutta to London , bringing the Straits Settlements under the direct control of the British Crown as a crown colony . From 1867 to the 1940s , Singapore grew into a successful entrepôt that attracted settlers and sojourners from the region and beyond . During the Second World War , Imperial Japan successfully invaded Singapore , resulting in an interregnum of British rule corresponding with a brief Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945 . Following Japan 's surrender in 1945 , the Straits Settlements were dissolved , with Singapore being returned to British control as a standalone crown colony in 1946 ."}]}, {'value': '400,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter Karmis ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Karmis', 'summary': 'Peter Karmis ( born 10 June 1981 ) is a South African professional golfer . Since mid-2018 , he has played under the Greek flag . Karmis played college golf at Purdue University . Karmis plays on the Sunshine Tour where he has won five times . He won the Lombard Insurance Classic in 2007 and 2009 , the Sun Sibaya Challenge in 2016 and the Investec Royal Swazi Open and Sun City Challenge in 2017 . Karmis played on the Asian Tour from 2010 to 2012 , winning the Handa Singapore Classic in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sep 16-19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yeangder Tournament Players Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yeangder_Tournament_Players_Championship', 'summary': 'The Yeangder Tournament Players Championship is a golf tournament on the Asian Tour . It was played for the first time in September 2010 at the Linkou International Golf and Country Club in Taipei , Taiwan . The purse in 2019 was US $ 500,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Taiwan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taiwan', 'summary': "Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands ."}]}, {'value': '300,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thaworn Wiratchant ( 12 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thaworn_Wiratchant', 'summary': 'Thaworn Wiratchant ( born 28 December 1966 ) is a Thai professional golfer who plays on the Asian Tour where he holds the record for most victories , with 18 total wins . In March 2005 , he won the Enjoy Jakarta Standard Chartered Indonesia Open , which is co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour and the European Tour , becoming the second Thai after Thongchai Jaidee to win a European Tour event . He topped the Asian Tour money list in 2005 , becoming the first player to win more than half a million U.S. dollars on that tour in a season . He would top the Asian Tour money list again in 2012 . Wiratchant played in a number of events on the European Senior Tour in 2017 , receiving an exemption for players aged exactly 50 who had previously won a European Tour event . In his second event on the tour , the WINSTONgolf Senior Open , he finished runner-up behind Phillip Price . He gained entry to the end-of-season MCB Tour Championship by being 23rd in the Order of Merit . Rounds of 66-65-62 gave him an eight strokes win over Mark McNulty . The win lifted him to 9th place on the end of season Order of Merit .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sep 23-26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asia-Pacific Panasonic Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Panasonic_Open', 'summary': 'The Panasonic Open ( パナソニックオープン , panasonikku ōpun ) is a golf tournament for male golfers on the Japan Golf Tour and Asian Tour . Hosted by Panasonic , the event took place for the first time in September 2008 at Ibaraki Country Club in Ibaraki , Osaka , Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1,700,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Jones ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Brendan Mark Jones ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won 15 times between 2002 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sep 30 - Oct 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercuries Taiwan Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercuries_Taiwan_Masters', 'summary': 'The Mercuries Taiwan Masters ( 三商台灣名人賽 ) is an annual golf tournament held in Taiwan . It was founded in 1987 and has been an Asian Tour event since 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Taiwan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taiwan', 'summary': "Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands ."}]}, {'value': '500,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pariya Junhasavasdikul ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pariya_Junhasavasdikul', 'summary': 'Pariya Junhasavasdikul ( born 14 August 1984 ) is a Thai professional golfer . Junhasavasdikul played college golf at Purdue University in the United States . Junhasavasdikul turned professional in 2008 and plays on the Asian Tour . He won the 2010 Mercuries Taiwan Masters and the 2013 Worldwide Holdings Selangor Masters .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oct 14-17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iskandar Johor Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iskandar_Johor_Open', 'summary': "The Iskandar Johor Open was a golf tournament held in Malaysia and part of the Asian Tour . It was first held in 2007 when it was played at the Royal Johor Country Club in Johor Bahru . The 2008 purse was US $ 500,000 . In 2009 , Johor Open 's purse was doubled to a size of US $ 1 million . The prize fund in 2010 was US $ 1.25 million , the joint richest event sanctioned solely by the Asian Tour , alongside the Hero Honda Indian Open , and 8th richest event of the Asian Tour . The 2011 Johor Open was added to the European Tour and the purse increased to US $ 2 million . In 2012 , the Johor Open was no longer a European Tour event but the prize money remained at US $ 2 million . The tournament was discontinued after 2012 . The Championship was supported by the Johor state government and the Iskandar Region Development Authority ( IRDA ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Malaysia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malaysia', 'summary': "Malaysia ( /məˈleɪziə , -ʒə/ ( listen ) mə-LAY-zee-ə , -\u2060zhə ; Malay : [ məlejsiə ] ) is a country in Southeast Asia . The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories , separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the world 's 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . In the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries , home to large numbers of endemic species . Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which , from the 18th century , became subject to the British Empire , along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate . Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo , Sarawak , and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia ."}]}, {'value': '1,250,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pádraig Harrington ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pádraig_Harrington', 'summary': 'Pádraig Peter Harrington ( born 31 August 1971 ) is an Irish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour and the PGA Tour . He won three major championships : The Open Championship in 2007 and 2008 and the PGA Championship , also in 2008 . He spent over 300 weeks in the top-10 of the world rankings , and reached a career-high ranking of third in July 2008 . He is the captain of the European team for the 2020 Ryder Cup .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oct 28-31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CIMB Asia Pacific Classic Malaysia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CIMB_Asia_Pacific_Classic_Malaysia', 'summary': 'The CIMB Classic was a professional golf tournament in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour and the PGA Tour . Played in the fall , the event debuted in 2010 and moved to the West Course of the TPC Kuala Lumpur in 2013 ; the first three editions were played at The Mines Resort & Golf Club in Mines Wellness City . The event will be replaced in the 2019-20 PGA Tour season by the Zozo Championship in Japan . The tournament was the first event ever sanctioned by the PGA Tour in Southeast Asia . It was an official money event on the Asian Tour , but was an unofficial money event on the PGA Tour through 2012 . Beginning in October 2013 , it gained official status on the PGA Tour and the field was increased to 78 players . FedEx Cup points are earned by those making the cut , the winner earned a trip to the Masters . The purse was US $ 7 million , one the highest in East Asia together with the WGC-HSBC Champions and the now defunct BMW Masters .'}]}, {'value': 'Malaysia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malaysia', 'summary': "Malaysia ( /məˈleɪziə , -ʒə/ ( listen ) mə-LAY-zee-ə , -\u2060zhə ; Malay : [ məlejsiə ] ) is a country in Southeast Asia . The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories , separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the world 's 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . In the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries , home to large numbers of endemic species . Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which , from the 18th century , became subject to the British Empire , along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate . Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo , Sarawak , and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia ."}]}, {'value': '6,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Crane ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Crane', 'summary': 'Benjamin McCully Crane ( born March 6 , 1976 ) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour .'}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 11 - 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barclays Singapore Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barclays_Singapore_Open', 'summary': "The Singapore Open is a golf tournament in Singapore that is part of the Asian Tour schedule . The event has been held at Sentosa Golf Club since 2005 and since 2017 has been part of the Open Qualifying Series , giving up to four non-exempt players entry into The Open Championship . The Singapore Open was founded in 1961 and was one of the tournaments on the first season of the Far East Circuit ( later the Asia Golf Circuit ) the following year . It remained part of the Asia circuit until 1993 when it became a fixture on the Australasian Tour . After just 3 seasons , it left the Australasian Tour to join the fledgling Asian Tour for that tour 's second season in 1996 . The event was also co-sanctioned with the European Tour from 2009 to 2012 , and with the Japan Golf Tour since 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Singapore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Singapore', 'summary': "Singapore ( /ˈsɪŋ ( ɡ ) əpɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia . Singapore is located about one degree ( 137 kilometres or 85 miles ) north of the equator , and is situated off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , and by extension , the southernmost extremity of continental Asia . The island country shares its southern maritime border with Indonesia 's Riau Islands , its northern , western , and eastern maritime borders with the Johor state of Peninsular Malaysia , and is in the vicinity of Sumatra to its west and Borneo to its east . It is enveloped by the littoral waters of the Johore Strait to its north and the Singapore Strait to its south , and is geographically positioned within the confluence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans , being bounded by the Malacca Strait to its west and the South China Sea to its east . The country 's territory is composed of one main island and 58 smaller islets , the combined area of which has increased by almost 25% since the country 's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects . Although Singapore has been a constituent part of several Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empires and Islamic sultanates throughout its millennia-long history , modern Singapore , then part of the erstwhile Johor Sultanate , was founded in 1819 when Stamford Raffles , a British colonial officer , established a trading post of the East India Company on the island . In 1824 , the island and its satellite islets were fully ceded by the Johor Sultanate , and in 1826 , Singapore was incorporated into the Straits Settlements , a group of East India Company territories in the Malay peninsula . From 1830 to 1858 , the Straits Settlements were administered as a Malayan subdivision of the East India Company 's Bengal Presidency ; following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the Presidency and its constituent Settlements were reorganised into the British Raj . In 1867 , Britain 's colonial holdings in the Malay archipelago were separated from British India , and the administration of the Straits Settlements was transferred from Calcutta to London , bringing the Straits Settlements under the direct control of the British Crown as a crown colony . From 1867 to the 1940s , Singapore grew into a successful entrepôt that attracted settlers and sojourners from the region and beyond . During the Second World War , Imperial Japan successfully invaded Singapore , resulting in an interregnum of British rule corresponding with a brief Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945 . Following Japan 's surrender in 1945 , the Straits Settlements were dissolved , with Singapore being returned to British control as a standalone crown colony in 1946 ."}]}, {'value': '6,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adam Scott ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam_Scott_(golfer)', 'summary': "Adam Derek Scott ( born 16 July 1980 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays mainly on the PGA Tour . He was the World No . 1 ranked golfer , from mid-May to August 2014 . He has won 31 professional tournaments around the world ( 3 being unofficial money events ) , on many of golf 's major tours . Scott 's biggest win to date was the 2013 Masters Tournament , his first major championship and the only Masters won by an Australian . Other significant wins include the 2004 Players Championship , the 2011 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational and the 2016 WGC-Cadillac Championship . He was the runner-up in the 2012 Open Championship , leading by four strokes with four holes to play before bogeying all of them to lose the title by a stroke to Ernie Els ."}]}, {'value': '48', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 18-21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UBS Hong Kong Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UBS_Hong_Kong_Open', 'summary': "The Hong Kong Open is a golf tournament which is co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour and the European Tour . It was founded in 1959 and has been part of the European Tour 's schedule since 2001 . The Hong Kong Golf Association , Hong Kong PGA , and Chinese PGA also receive a limited number of exemptions into the tournament for their members . Since taking its place on the European Tour the event has always been held at the Hong Kong Golf Club in Sheung Shui , New Territories . In its early years , the tournament used to be played in spring . Since 1995 , the tournament has usually been played towards the end of the year , in November or December , and often falls into the following year 's European Tour season ."}]}, {'value': 'Hong Kong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hong_Kong', 'summary': "Hong Kong ( /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ ( listen ) ; Chinese : 香港 , Cantonese : [ hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China ( HKSAR ) , is a city and special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China . With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities [ d ] in a 1,104-square-kilometre ( 426 sq mi ) territory , Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world . Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842 . The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War , and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898 . The territory was returned to China in 1997 . As a special administrative region , Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country , two systems . Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages , the territory has become one of the world 's most significant financial centres and commercial ports . It is the world 's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer . As one of the world 's leading international financial centres , Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade , and the currency , Hong Kong dollar , is the eighth most traded currency in the world . Hong Kong hosts the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world . Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , there is severe income inequality among its residents . Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index ."}]}, {'value': '2,500,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ian Poulter ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ian_Poulter', 'summary': "Ian James Poulter ( born 10 January 1976 ) is an English professional golfer who is a member of the world 's top two professional golf tours , the U.S.-based PGA Tour and the European Tour . He has previously been ranked as high as number 5 in the world rankings . The highlights of Poulter 's career to date have been his two World Golf Championship wins at the 2010 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the 2012 WGC-HSBC Champions . He is the touring professional for Woburn Golf and Country Club ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 25-28', 'urls': []}, {'value': "King 's Cup", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/King's_Cup_(golf)", 'summary': "The King 's Cup is a golf tournament that is played in Thailand . The tournament became an event on the Asian Tour in 2009 and when it was held at the Singha Park Khon Kaen Golf Club with a prize fund was US $ 300,000 . Beginning in 2016 , it is co-sanctioned with the European Tour ."}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '300,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Udorn Duangdecha ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Udorn_Duangdecha', 'summary': "Udorn Duangdecha ( born 18 October 1970 ) is a Thai professional golfer . Udorn plays on the Asian Tour where he has won once - the 2010 King 's Cup ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dec 2-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hero Honda Indian Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hero_Honda_Indian_Open', 'summary': 'The Indian Open , known as the Hero Indian Open due to sponsorship , is a golf tournament on the Asian Tour that is currently held at the DLF Golf and Country Club . It became a European Tour co-sanctioned event in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '1,250,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rikard Karlberg ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rikard_Karlberg', 'summary': "Rikard Karlberg ( born 1 December 1986 ) is a Swedish professional golfer . Karlberg was born in Gothenburg . He turned professional in 2006 . He topped the Nordic League rankings in 2007 to earn a tour card on the Challenge Tour . His best finish on the Challenge Tour was T4 at the 2008 Reale Challenge de España . Karlberg earned his 2010 Asian Tour card through qualifying school . He won the second Asian Tour event he played , the SAIL Open . Later in the year , he won his second Asian Tour title at the Hero Honda Indian Open . Karlberg earned a 2015 European Tour card through qualifying school , and won the Open d'Italia during his rookie season ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Tournament results', 'section_text': "The table below shows the 2010 schedule . [ 1 ] The number in brackets after each winner 's name is the number of Asian Tour events he had won up to and including that tournament . This information is only shown for Asian Tour members . Only 50% of the prize money from major championships and World Golf Championships are counted towards the Order of Merit , but are not shown below .", 'uid': '2010_Asian_Tour_0', 'intro': "The 2010 Asian Tour was the 16th season of the modern Asian Tour, the main men's professional golf tour in Asia excluding Japan, since it was established in 1995. Prize money for the season exceeded US$43 million and teenager Noh Seung-yul became the youngest Order of Merit winner with US$822,361."} | null | null | What is the birthday of the winner whose 2011 tournament carried an increased prize fund of €1.8 million ? | 26 January 1986 |
0ba502465f86dbe6 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Ferenc_Liszt_International_Airport', 'title': 'Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport', 'header': ['City', 'Airport ( s )', 'Weekly Departures ( Summer 2019 - proposed )', 'Airlines'], 'data': [{'value': 'London', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gatwick Airport , London City Airport , London Heathrow Airport , London Luton Airport , London Stansted Airport , London Southend Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gatwick_Airport', 'summary': 'Gatwick Airport ( /ˈɡætwɪk/ ) , also known as London Gatwick ( IATA : LGW , ICAO : EGKK ) , is a major international airport near Crawley in West Sussex , southeast England , 29.5 miles ( 47.5 km ) south of Central London . It is the second-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK , after Heathrow Airport . Gatwick is the ninth-busiest airport in Europe . It covers a total area of 674 hectares ( 1,670 acres ) . Gatwick opened as an aerodrome in the late 1920s ; it has been in use for commercial flights since 1933 . The airport has two terminals , the North Terminal and the South Terminal , which cover areas of 98,000 m2 ( 117,000 sq yd ) and 160,000 m2 ( 190,000 sq yd ) respectively . It operates as a single-runway airport , using a main runway with a length of 3,316 m ( 10,879 ft ) . A secondary runway is available but , due to its proximity to the main runway , can only be used if that is out of use . In 2018 , 46.1 million passengers passed through the airport , a 1.1% increase compared with 2017 . As of 2019 , Gatwick is the second busiest airport in the world to operate only one runway ( after Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport ; until 2017 , Gatwick was the busiest ) with a passenger use of 46 million in 2018 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/London_City_Airport', 'summary': "London City Airport ( IATA : LCY , ICAO : EGLC ) is an international airport in London , England . It is located in the Royal Docks in the London Borough of Newham , approximately 7 miles ( 11 km ) east of the City of London and a shorter distance east of Canary Wharf . These are the twin centres of London 's financial industry , which is a major user of the airport . The airport was developed by the engineering company Mowlem in 1986-87 . In 2016 it was bought by a Canadian-led consortium of Alberta Investment Management Corporation ( AIMCo ) , OMERS , the Ontario Teachers ' Pension Plan and Wren House Infrastructure Management of the Kuwait Investment Authority . London City Airport has a single 1,500-metre ( 4,900 ft ) long runway , and a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence ( Number P728 ) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flight training ( but only for training necessary for the operation of aircraft at the airport ) . Only multi-engine , fixed-wing aircraft with special aircraft and aircrew certification to fly 5.5° approaches are allowed to conduct operations at London City Airport . The largest aircraft which can be used at the airport is the Airbus A318 , which has been modified with a steep approach function . London City had over 4.5 million passenger movements in 2017 . It is the fifth-busiest airport by passengers and aircraft movements serving the London area - after Heathrow , Gatwick , Stansted and Luton - and was the 14th-busiest in the UK in 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport', 'summary': 'Heathrow Airport , also known as London Heathrow ( IATA : LHR , ICAO : EGLL ) , is a major international airport in London , United Kingdom . Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic , as well as the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic , and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic . It is one of six international airports serving London region . In 2019 , it handled a record 80.8 million passengers , a 0.9% increase from 2018 as well as 475,861 aircraft movements , a decrease of 1,743 from 2018 . The airport facility is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings . Heathrow lies 14 miles ( 23 km ) west of Central London , and has two parallel east-west runways along with four operational terminals on a site that covers 12.27 square kilometres ( 4.74 sq mi ) . The airport is the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating base for Virgin Atlantic . In September 2012 , the Government of the United Kingdom established the Airports Commission , an independent commission chaired by Sir Howard Davies to examine various options for increasing capacity at UK airports . In July 2015 , the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow , which the government approved in October 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Luton_Airport', 'summary': "London Luton Airport ( IATA : LTN , ICAO : EGGW ) , previously called Luton International Airport , is an international airport located 1.5 miles ( 2.4 km ) east of Luton town centre in the county of Bedfordshire , England , and is 28 miles ( 45 km ) north of Central London . The airport is owned by London Luton Airport Ltd ( LLAL ) , a company wholly owned by Luton Borough Council , and operated by London Luton Airport Operations Ltd ( LLAOL ) . An airport was opened on the site on 16 July 1938 . During the Second World War , the airport was used by fighters of Royal Air Force ; commercial activity at Luton resumed during 1952 . By the 1960s , Luton Airport was playing a key role in the development of the package holiday business ; by 1969 , a fifth of all holiday flights from the UK departed from Luton Airport . From the mid-1960s , executive aircraft have been based at the airport . During the late 1970s , an expansion plan was initiated at Luton to accommodate as many as 5 million passengers per year , although the airport experienced a reduction in passenger numbers in the 1980s . In 1990 , the airport was renamed London Luton Airport to re-emphasise the airport 's proximity to the capital . The arrival of new operators at Luton during 1990s , such as charter operator MyTravel Group and new low-cost scheduled flights from Debonair and EasyJet , contributed to a rapid increase in passenger numbers that made it the fastest growing major airport in the UK . In August 1997 , to fund an £80 million extension of the airport , a 30-year concession contract was issued to a public-private partnership consortium , London Luton Airport Operations Limited . Throughout the 1990s , £30 million was invested in Luton 's infrastructure and facilities . In November 1999 , a new £40 million terminal was opened by Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip ; the new building houses 60 check-in desks , baggage and flight information systems and a range of commercial outlets ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Stansted_Airport', 'summary': "London Stansted Airport ( IATA : STN , ICAO : EGSS ) is an international airport located at Stansted Mountfitchet in the district of Uttlesford in Essex , 42 mi ( 68 km ) northeast of Central London . London Stansted serves 200 destinations across Europe , the Middle East and Africa . Stansted is a base for a number of major European low-cost carriers , being the largest base for low-cost airline Ryanair , with over 130 destinations served by the airline . In 2015 it was the fourth busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow , Gatwick and Manchester . Stansted 's runway is also used by private companies such as the Harrods Aviation , Titan Airways and XJet terminals which are private ground handlers who are able to handle private flights , charter flights and state visits . Originally owned and operated by BAA , since February 2013 the airport has been owned Manchester Airports Group ( MAG ) following a March 2009 ruling by the Competition Commission ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Southend_Airport', 'summary': "London Southend Airport ( IATA : SEN , ICAO : EGMC ) is an international airport in the Southend-on-Sea in Essex , England , approximately 36 miles ( 58 km ) from the centre of London . Southend was London 's third-busiest airport from the 1960s until the end of the 1970s , when it was overtaken in passenger numbers by London Stansted Airport . Following its purchase by Stobart Group in 2008 , a development programme provided a new terminal and control tower , extended runway , and connection to central London via a regular rail service running between Liverpool Street Station and Southend Airport Station on the Shenfield-Southend line , continuing on to Southend Victoria . EasyJet began operating services by opening a base at Southend in April 2012 and Irish carrier Aer Lingus Regional began regular flights to Dublin in May , resulting in a rapid increase in airport passenger numbers during 2012 , with 721,661 using the airport in that year , 969,912 in 2013 and 1,102,358 in 2014 . The following year saw a decline to 900,648 and again to 874,549 in 2016 , while 2017 saw passenger numbers increase more than 25% to 1,095,914 . The airport operator hopes to increase passenger numbers to two million per year by 2020 . In 2018 Southend Airport saw an increase of nearly 400,000 passengers over the previous year 's total , with just over 1.4 million passengers using the airport , the highest annual total at the airport to date ."}]}, {'value': '117', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Airways , easyJet , LOT Polish Airlines , Ryanair , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Airways', 'summary': "British Airways ( BA ) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom , headquartered at Waterside , Harmondsworth , near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport . It is the second largest airline in the United Kingdom , based on fleet size and passengers carried , behind easyJet . In January 2011 BA merged with Iberia , creating the International Airlines Group ( IAG ) , a holding company registered in Madrid , Spain . IAG is the world 's third-largest airline group in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest in Europe . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and in the FTSE 100 Index . British Airways is the first passenger airline to have generated more than $ 1 billion on a single air route in a year ( from 1 April 2017 , to 31 March 2018 , on the New York JFK - London Heathrow route ) . BA was created in 1974 after a British Airways Board was established by the British government to manage the two nationalised airline corporations , British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways , and two regional airlines , Cambrian Airways from Cardiff , and Northeast Airlines from Newcastle upon Tyne . On 31 March 1974 , all four companies were merged to form British Airways . However , it is marking 2019 as its centenary based on predecessor companies . After almost 13 years as a state company , BA was privatised in February 1987 as part of a wider privatisation plan by the Conservative government . The carrier expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1987 , Dan-Air in 1992 , and British Midland International in 2012 . Its preeminence highlights the reach of the country 's influence as many of its destinations in several regions were historically part of the British Empire ."}, {'url': '/wiki/EasyJet', 'summary': "EasyJet PLC , styled as easyJet , is a British low-cost airline group headquartered at London Luton Airport . It operates domestic and international scheduled services on over 1,000 routes in more than 30 countries via its affiliate airlines EasyJet UK , EasyJet Switzerland , and EasyJet Europe . EasyJet plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . easyGroup Holdings Ltd ( the investment vehicle of the airline 's founder Stelios Haji-Ioannou and his family ) is the largest shareholder with a 34.62% stake ( as of July 2014 ) . It employs nearly 14,000 people , based throughout Europe but mainly in the UK . EasyJet has seen expansion since its establishment in 1995 , having grown through a combination of acquisitions , and base openings fuelled by consumer demand for low-cost air travel . The group , along with associate companies easyJet UK , easyJet Europe and easyJet Switzerland , operate more than 300 aircraft . It has 29 bases across Europe , the largest being Gatwick . In 2014 , the airline carried more than 65 million passengers , making it the second-largest budget airline in Europe by number of passengers carried , behind Ryanair . EasyJet was featured in the television series Airline broadcast on ITV which followed the airline 's operations at London Luton and later at other bases . Its pilot training scheme was the subject of another ITV television series , easyJet : Inside the Cockpit , which premiered in August 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines', 'summary': "LOT Polish Airlines , legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. ( Polish pronunciation : [ lɔt ] , flight ) , is the flag carrier of Poland . Based in Warsaw and established on 29 December 1928 , it is one of the world 's oldest airlines in operation . With a fleet of 90 aircraft , LOT Polish Airlines flies to 134 destinations across Europe , Asia and North America . Most of the destinations originate from its hub at Warsaw Chopin Airport . LOT is a member of the Star Alliance ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryanair', 'summary': "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984 , headquartered in Swords , Dublin , Ireland , with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports . It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines , and has Ryanair UK , Ryanair Sun , Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines . In 2016 , Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown , and carried more international passengers than any other airline . Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft , with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft , but also as a backup and for pilot training . The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion , a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model . Ryanair 's route network serves 40 countries in Europe , North Africa ( Morocco ) , and the Middle East ( Israel , Lebanon and Jordan ) . The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges . It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity . As of 2019 , it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which ? surveys , and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands ' customer service ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Frankfurt', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frankfurt Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport', 'summary': "Frankfurt am Main Airport ( IATA : FRA , ICAO : EDDF ) ( German : Flughafen Frankfurt am Main [ ˈfluːkhaːfn̩ ˌfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn ] , also known as Rhein-Main-Flughafen ) is a major international airport located in Frankfurt , the fifth-largest city of Germany and one of the world 's leading financial centres . It is operated by Fraport and serves as the main hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa CityLine and Lufthansa Cargo as well as Condor and AeroLogic . The airport covers an area of 2,300 hectares ( 5,683 acres ) of land and features two passenger terminals with a capacity of approximately 65 million passengers per year , four runways and extensive logistics and maintenance facilities . Frankfurt Airport is the busiest airport by passenger traffic in Germany as well as the 4th busiest in Europe after London Heathrow Airport , Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . The airport is also the 13th busiest worldwide by total number of passengers in 2016 , with 60.786 million passengers using the airport in 2016 . In 2017 Frankfurt Airport handled 64.5 million passengers and in 2018 nearly 70 million . It also had a freight throughput of 2.076 million metric tonnes in 2015 and is the busiest airport in Europe by cargo traffic . As of summer 2017 , Frankfurt Airport serves more than 300 destinations in 5 continents , making it the airport with the most direct routes in the world . The southern side of the airport ground was home to the Rhein-Main Air Base , which was a major air base for the United States from 1947 until 2005 , when the air base was closed and the property was acquired by Fraport . In 2017 , passengers at the airport increased by 6.1% to 64,500,386 compared to 2016 . The airport celebrated its 80th anniversary in July 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '52', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lufthansa , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lufthansa', 'summary': "Deutsche Lufthansa AG ( German pronunciation : [ ˌdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊfthanzaː ] ) , commonly known as Lufthansa , is the flag carrier and largest German airline which , when combined with its subsidiaries , is the second largest airline in Europe in terms of passengers carried . The name of the company is derived from the German word Luft meaning air and Hansa for the Hanseatic League . Lufthansa is one of the five founding members of Star Alliance , the world 's largest airline alliance , formed in 1997 . Besides its own services , and owning subsidiary passenger airlines Austrian Airlines , Swiss International Air Lines , Brussels Airlines , and Eurowings including Germanwings ( referred to in English by Lufthansa as its Passenger Airline Group ) , Deutsche Lufthansa AG owns several aviation-related companies , such as Lufthansa Technik and LSG Sky Chefs , as part of the Lufthansa Group . In total , the group has over 700 aircraft , making it one of the largest airline fleets in the world . Lufthansa 's registered office and corporate headquarters are in Cologne . The main operations base , called Lufthansa Aviation Center , is at Lufthansa 's primary hub at Frankfurt Airport , and its secondary hub is at Munich Airport where a secondary Flight Operations Centre is maintained ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Brussels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brussels Airport , Brussels-South Charleroi Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brussels_Airport', 'summary': "Brussels Airport ( IATA : BRU , ICAO : EBBR ) ( also called Brussel-Nationaal / Bruxelles-National ( Brussels-National ) or Luchthaven Zaventem ) is an international airport 6.5 NM ( 12.0 km ; 7.5 mi ) northeast of Brussels , the capital of Belgium . In 2019 , more than 26 million passengers arrived or departed at Brussels Airport , making it the 24th busiest airport in Europe . It is located in the municipality of Zaventem in the Province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium . It is home to around 260 companies , together directly employing 20,000 people and serves as the home base for Brussels Airlines and TUI fly Belgium . The company operating the airport is known as The Brussels Airport Company N.V./S.A . ; before 19 October 2006 , the name was BIAC ( Brussels International Airport Company ) , which was created by Belgian law through a merger of BATC with the ground operations departments of the RLW/RVA . Since 2011 , the airport has been owned by the Toronto-based Ontario Teachers ' Pension Plan ( 39% ) , Macquarie Group ( Macquarie European Infrastructure Fund I and Macquarie European Infrastructure Fund III ) ( 36% ) and the Belgian State ( 25% ) . On 22 March 2016 the airport 's departures hall was severely damaged by two terrorist bomb blasts . The airport was closed until 3 April 2016 , when it reopened with temporary facilities at less than 20% of its previous capacity . It has since returned to full operations , with a record of 90,000 passengers on 29 July 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Brussels-South_Charleroi_Airport', 'summary': 'Brussels South Charleroi Airport ( BSCA ) , also unofficially called Brussels-Charleroi Airport , Charleroi Airport or rarely Gosselies Airport , ( IATA : CRL , ICAO : EBCI ) is an international airport , located in Gosselies , a part of the city of Charleroi in the Province of Hainaut in Wallonia , Belgium . The airport is 4 nautical miles ( 7.4 km ; 4.6 mi ) north of Charleroi and 46 km ( 29 mi ) south of central Brussels . In terms of passengers and aircraft movements , it is the second busiest airport in Belgium having served 7,303,720 passengers in 2016 ( 75,038 movements ) . It is also a busy general aviation airfield , being home to 3 flying schools . The Aéropole , one of the Science Parks of Wallonia , is located near the airport .'}]}, {'value': '51', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brussels Airlines , LOT Polish Airlines , Ryanair , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brussels_Airlines', 'summary': "Brussels Airlines ( stylized as brussels airlines ) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Belgium , based and headquartered at Brussels Airport . It operates to over 100 destinations in Europe , North America , Africa and Asia and also offers charter services , maintenance and crew training . It is a member of the Star Alliance as well as the International Air Transport Association . The airline 's IATA code SN is inherited from its predecessors , Sabena and SN Brussels Airlines . Brussels Airlines is part of the Lufthansa Group ."}, {'url': '/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines', 'summary': "LOT Polish Airlines , legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. ( Polish pronunciation : [ lɔt ] , flight ) , is the flag carrier of Poland . Based in Warsaw and established on 29 December 1928 , it is one of the world 's oldest airlines in operation . With a fleet of 90 aircraft , LOT Polish Airlines flies to 134 destinations across Europe , Asia and North America . Most of the destinations originate from its hub at Warsaw Chopin Airport . LOT is a member of the Star Alliance ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryanair', 'summary': "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984 , headquartered in Swords , Dublin , Ireland , with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports . It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines , and has Ryanair UK , Ryanair Sun , Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines . In 2016 , Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown , and carried more international passengers than any other airline . Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft , with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft , but also as a backup and for pilot training . The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion , a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model . Ryanair 's route network serves 40 countries in Europe , North Africa ( Morocco ) , and the Middle East ( Israel , Lebanon and Jordan ) . The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges . It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity . As of 2019 , it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which ? surveys , and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands ' customer service ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Warsaw', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warsaw Chopin Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warsaw_Chopin_Airport', 'summary': "Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport ( Polish : Lotnisko Chopina w Warszawie , Polish pronunciation : [ lɔtˈɲiskɔ ʂɔpɛna v varˈʂavʲɛ ] ) ( IATA : WAW , ICAO : EPWA ) , more commonly referred to as Chopin Airport or Warsaw-Chopin Airport , is an international airport located in the Włochy district of Warsaw , Poland . As Poland 's largest , covering 834 hectares ( 2,060 acres ) of land , and busiest airport , Warsaw Chopin handles just under 40% of the country 's air passenger traffic . Warsaw Chopin handles approximately 300 scheduled flights daily and an ever-rising number of charters . London , Kiev , Frankfurt , Paris , and Amsterdam are the busiest international connections , while Kraków , Wrocław , and Gdańsk are the most popular domestic ones . Warsaw Chopin Airport is , with 18.8 million passengers in 2019 , the busiest airport in the newer EU member states . Formerly known as Warsaw-Okecie Airport ( Port lotniczy Warszawa-Okęcie ) or Okecie International Airport , the airport bore the name of its Okęcie neighborhood throughout its history , until its renaming for Polish composer and former Warsaw resident Frédéric ( Fryderyk ) Chopin in 2001 . Despite the official change , Okecie ( Lotnisko Okęcie ) remains in popular and industry use , including air traffic and aerodrome references . An underground railway station connected from the airport to Warsaw 's suburban rail system was opened in June 2012 in time for the Euro 2012 football championships , and on 25 November 2013 , the airport announced accommodating - for the first time in history - its 10 millionth passenger in a single year . The secondary international airport of the city is the much smaller Warsaw Modlin Airport , which opened in 2012 and is used for low-cost traffic ."}]}, {'value': '42', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LOT Polish Airlines , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines', 'summary': "LOT Polish Airlines , legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. ( Polish pronunciation : [ lɔt ] , flight ) , is the flag carrier of Poland . Based in Warsaw and established on 29 December 1928 , it is one of the world 's oldest airlines in operation . With a fleet of 90 aircraft , LOT Polish Airlines flies to 134 destinations across Europe , Asia and North America . Most of the destinations originate from its hub at Warsaw Chopin Airport . LOT is a member of the Star Alliance ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Paris', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beauvais-Tillé Airport , Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport , Paris Orly Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beauvais-Tillé_Airport', 'summary': 'Beauvais-Tillé Airport ( French : Aéroport de Beauvais-Tillé ) ( IATA : BVA , ICAO : LFOB ) , branded as Paris-Beauvais Airport , is an international airport near the city of Beauvais in the commune of Tillé in France . It is the tenth busiest airport in France , handling 3,997,856 passengers in 2016 , and is mostly used by charter and low-cost airlines . Despite its brand name , the airport is located in the Picardy region and 85 km ( 53 mi ) north-northwest of Paris .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paris_Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport', 'summary': "Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport ( French : Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle , IATA : CDG , ICAO : LFPG ) , also known as Roissy Airport , is the largest international airport in France and second-busiest airport in Europe . Opened in 1974 , it is located in Roissy-en-France , 23 km ( 14 mi ) northeast of Paris . It is named after Charles de Gaulle ( 1890-1970 ) . Charles de Gaulle Airport is located within portions of several communes in Val-d'Oise , Seine-Saint-Denis and Seine-et-Marne . It serves as the principal hub for Air France and a destination for other legacy carriers ( from Star Alliance , Oneworld and SkyTeam ) , as well as a focus city for low-cost carriers easyJet , Vueling , and Norwegian Air Shuttle . The Airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris Aéroport . In 2019 , the airport handled 76,150,007 passengers and 498,175 aircraft movements , thus making it the world 's tenth-busiest airport , and Europe 's second-busiest airport ( after London Heathrow ) in terms of passenger numbers . In terms of cargo traffic , the airport is the twelfth-busiest in the world and the second-busiest in Europe ( after Frankfurt Airport ) , handling 2,150,950 metric tonnes of cargo in 2012 . As of 2017 , the airport offers direct flights to the most countries and hosts the most airlines in the world . Marc Houalla has been the director of the airport since 12 February 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Paris_Orly_Airport', 'summary': 'Paris Orly Airport ( French : Aéroport de Paris-Orly ) , commonly referred to as Orly ( IATA : ORY , ICAO : LFPO ) , is an international airport located partially in Orly and partially in Villeneuve-le-Roi , 13 km ( 8.1 mi ) south of Paris , France . It serves as a secondary hub for domestic and overseas territories flights of Air France and as the homebase for Transavia France . Flights operate to destinations in Europe , the Middle East , Africa , the Caribbean , North America , East Asia and Southeast Asia . Prior to the opening of Charles de Gaulle Airport in March 1974 , Orly was the main airport of Paris . Even with the shift of most international traffic to Charles de Gaulle Airport , Orly remains the busiest French airport for domestic traffic and the second busiest French airport overall in passenger traffic , with 33,120,685 passengers in 2018 . The airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris Aéroport . Since February 2018 , the CEO of the airport has been Régis Lacote .'}]}, {'value': '41', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Air France , easyJet , Ryanair , Transavia France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Air_France', 'summary': "Air France ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ɛːʁ fʁɑ̃s ] ; formally Société Air France , S.A. ) , stylized as AIRFRANCE , is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France . It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance . As of 2013 Air France serves 36 destinations in France and operates worldwide scheduled passenger and cargo services to 175 destinations in 78 countries ( 93 including overseas departments and territories of France ) and also carried 46,803,000 passengers in 2019 . The airline 's global hub is at Charles de Gaulle Airport with Orly Airport as the primary domestic hub . Air France 's corporate headquarters , previously in Montparnasse , Paris , are located on the grounds of Charles de Gaulle Airport , north of Paris . Air France was formed on 7 October 1933 from a merger of Air Orient , Air Union , Compagnie Générale Aéropostale , Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne ( CIDNA ) , and Société Générale de Transport Aérien ( SGTA ) . During the Cold War , from 1950 until 1990 , it was one of the three main Allied scheduled airlines operating in Germany at West Berlin 's Tempelhof and Tegel airports . In 1990 , it acquired the operations of French domestic carrier Air Inter and international rival UTA - Union de Transports Aériens . It served as France 's primary national flag carrier for seven decades prior to its 2003 merger with KLM . In 2018 , Air France and its regional subsidiary HOP ! carried 51.4 million passengers . Air France operates a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing widebody jets on long-haul routes , and uses Airbus A320 family aircraft on short-haul routes ."}, {'url': '/wiki/EasyJet', 'summary': "EasyJet PLC , styled as easyJet , is a British low-cost airline group headquartered at London Luton Airport . It operates domestic and international scheduled services on over 1,000 routes in more than 30 countries via its affiliate airlines EasyJet UK , EasyJet Switzerland , and EasyJet Europe . EasyJet plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . easyGroup Holdings Ltd ( the investment vehicle of the airline 's founder Stelios Haji-Ioannou and his family ) is the largest shareholder with a 34.62% stake ( as of July 2014 ) . It employs nearly 14,000 people , based throughout Europe but mainly in the UK . EasyJet has seen expansion since its establishment in 1995 , having grown through a combination of acquisitions , and base openings fuelled by consumer demand for low-cost air travel . The group , along with associate companies easyJet UK , easyJet Europe and easyJet Switzerland , operate more than 300 aircraft . It has 29 bases across Europe , the largest being Gatwick . In 2014 , the airline carried more than 65 million passengers , making it the second-largest budget airline in Europe by number of passengers carried , behind Ryanair . EasyJet was featured in the television series Airline broadcast on ITV which followed the airline 's operations at London Luton and later at other bases . Its pilot training scheme was the subject of another ITV television series , easyJet : Inside the Cockpit , which premiered in August 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryanair', 'summary': "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984 , headquartered in Swords , Dublin , Ireland , with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports . It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines , and has Ryanair UK , Ryanair Sun , Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines . In 2016 , Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown , and carried more international passengers than any other airline . Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft , with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft , but also as a backup and for pilot training . The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion , a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model . Ryanair 's route network serves 40 countries in Europe , North Africa ( Morocco ) , and the Middle East ( Israel , Lebanon and Jordan ) . The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges . It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity . As of 2019 , it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which ? surveys , and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands ' customer service ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Transavia_France', 'summary': 'Transavia Airlines S.A.S. , trading as Transavia France and formerly branded as transavia.com France , is a French low-cost airline owned by Air France S.A. & Transavia Airlines C.V. based at Paris-Orly Airport . It shares its corporate design , website and operating model with its Dutch sister company , Transavia .'}]}, {'value': 'Moscow', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sheremetyevo International Airport , Vnukovo Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sheremetyevo_International_Airport', 'summary': "Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport ( Russian : Международный аэропорт Шереметьево имени А.С . Пушкина , IPA : [ ʂɨrʲɪˈmʲetʲjɪvə ] Mezhdunarodnyy aeroport Sheremet'yevo imeni A.S. Pushkina ) ( IATA : SVO , ICAO : UUEE ) is one of four international airports that serves the city of Moscow , and is the busiest airport in Russia . Originally built as a military airbase , Sheremetyevo was converted into a civilian airport in 1959 , and in a 2019 contest , was named after Russian poet Alexander Pushkin . The airport comprises six terminals : four international terminals ( one under construction ) , one domestic terminal , and one private aviation terminal . It is located 29 km ( 18 mi ) northwest of central Moscow , in the city of Khimki , Moscow Oblast . In 2017 , the airport handled about 40.1 million passengers and 308,090 aircraft movements . During 2018 , the airport reported a 14.3% increase in passengers for a total of 45.8 million . There was also a 15.9% increase in aircraft traffic year over year . Sheremetyevo serves as the main hub for Russian flag carrier Aeroflot and its branch Rossiya Airlines , Nordwind Airlines and its branch Pegas Fly , Royal Flight , and Ural Airlines ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vnukovo_Airport', 'summary': 'Vnukovo International Airport , formally Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport , ( Russian : Международный аэропорт Внуково , IPA : [ ˈvnukəvə ] ) ( IATA : VKO , ICAO : UUWW ) , is a dual-runway international airport located in Vnukovo District , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) southwest of the centre of Moscow , Russia . It is one of the four major airports that serve Moscow , along with Moscow Domodedovo Airport , Sheremetyevo International Airport , and Zhukovsky International Airport . In 2019 , the airport handled 24.01 million passengers , representing an increase of 12% compared to the previous year . It is the third-busiest airport in the former USSR .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aeroflot , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aeroflot', 'summary': 'PJSC Aeroflot - Russian Airlines ( Russian : ПАО Аэрофло́т - Росси́йские авиали́нии , PAO Aeroflot - Rossiyskiye avialinii ) , commonly known as Aeroflot ( English : /ˈɛəroʊˌflɒt/ or /ˌɛəroʊˈflɒt/ ( listen ) ) ( Russian : Аэрофлот , English translation : air fleet , pronounced [ ɐɛrɐˈfɫot ] ) , is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation . The air carrier is an open joint stock company that operates both domestic and international passenger and services , mainly from its airline hub at Sheremetyevo International Airport . Aeroflot is one of the oldest airlines in the world , tracing its history back to 1923 . During the Soviet era , Aeroflot was the Soviet national airline and the largest airline in the world . Following the dissolution of the USSR , the carrier has been transformed from a state-run enterprise into a semi-privatised company which ranked 19th most profitable airline in the world in 2007 . Aeroflot is still considered the de facto national airline of Russia . It is 51-owned by the Russian Government . As of September 2013 [ update ] , the Aeroflot Group had 30,328 employees . By the end of 2017 , Aeroflot controlled roughly 40% of the air market in Russia . The company has embarked on a fleet modernisation programme , extensive route restructuring and an image overhaul . [ citation needed ] The airline joined SkyTeam in April 2006 , becoming the 10th member of the alliance .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Munich', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munich Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munich_Airport', 'summary': "Munich Airport ( German : Flughafen München ) ( IATA : MUC , ICAO : EDDM ) is the international airport of Munich , the capital of Bavaria . It is the second-busiest airport in Germany in terms of passenger traffic after Frankfurt Airport , and the eighth-busiest airport in Europe , handling 47.9 million passengers in 2019 . It is the world 's 15th-busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic , and was the 38th-busiest airport worldwide in 2018 . Munich Airport serves as a hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa Regional and its Star Alliance partners . The airport is located 28.5 km ( 17.7 mi ) northeast of Munich near the city of Freising and is named after former Bavarian minister-president Franz Josef Strauss who was born in Munich . It has two passenger terminals with an additional midfield terminal , two runways as well as extensive cargo and maintenance facilities and is fully equipped to handle wide-body aircraft including the Airbus A380 ."}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lufthansa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lufthansa', 'summary': "Deutsche Lufthansa AG ( German pronunciation : [ ˌdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊfthanzaː ] ) , commonly known as Lufthansa , is the flag carrier and largest German airline which , when combined with its subsidiaries , is the second largest airline in Europe in terms of passengers carried . The name of the company is derived from the German word Luft meaning air and Hansa for the Hanseatic League . Lufthansa is one of the five founding members of Star Alliance , the world 's largest airline alliance , formed in 1997 . Besides its own services , and owning subsidiary passenger airlines Austrian Airlines , Swiss International Air Lines , Brussels Airlines , and Eurowings including Germanwings ( referred to in English by Lufthansa as its Passenger Airline Group ) , Deutsche Lufthansa AG owns several aviation-related companies , such as Lufthansa Technik and LSG Sky Chefs , as part of the Lufthansa Group . In total , the group has over 700 aircraft , making it one of the largest airline fleets in the world . Lufthansa 's registered office and corporate headquarters are in Cologne . The main operations base , called Lufthansa Aviation Center , is at Lufthansa 's primary hub at Frankfurt Airport , and its secondary hub is at Munich Airport where a secondary Flight Operations Centre is maintained ."}]}, {'value': 'Amsterdam', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amsterdam Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport', 'summary': 'Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ( IATA : AMS , ICAO : EHAM ) , known informally as Schiphol Airport ( Dutch : Luchthaven Schiphol , pronounced [ ˌlʏxtɦaːvə ( n ) ˈsxɪp ( ɦ ) ɔl ] ) , is the main international airport of the Netherlands . It is located 9 kilometres ( 5.6 miles ) southwest of Amsterdam , in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in North Holland . It is the third-busiest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume and the busiest in Europe in terms of aircraft movement . The airport is built as a single-terminal concept : one large terminal split into three large departure halls . Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines , Martinair , Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands . The airport also serves as a base for EasyJet and LEVEL . Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase . The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely . By 1940 , Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles . The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol . The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war , the airfield was soon rebuilt . In 1949 , it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands .'}]}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KLM , easyJet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KLM', 'summary': 'KLM Royal Dutch Airlines , legally Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. ( literal translation : Royal Aviation Company , Inc. ) , is the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands . KLM is headquartered in Amstelveen , with its hub at nearby Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . It is part of the Air France-KLM group , and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance . Founded in 1919 , KLM is the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name and had 35,488 employees and a fleet of 119 ( excluding subsidiaries ) as of 2015 [ update ] . KLM operates scheduled passenger and cargo services to 145 destinations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/EasyJet', 'summary': "EasyJet PLC , styled as easyJet , is a British low-cost airline group headquartered at London Luton Airport . It operates domestic and international scheduled services on over 1,000 routes in more than 30 countries via its affiliate airlines EasyJet UK , EasyJet Switzerland , and EasyJet Europe . EasyJet plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . easyGroup Holdings Ltd ( the investment vehicle of the airline 's founder Stelios Haji-Ioannou and his family ) is the largest shareholder with a 34.62% stake ( as of July 2014 ) . It employs nearly 14,000 people , based throughout Europe but mainly in the UK . EasyJet has seen expansion since its establishment in 1995 , having grown through a combination of acquisitions , and base openings fuelled by consumer demand for low-cost air travel . The group , along with associate companies easyJet UK , easyJet Europe and easyJet Switzerland , operate more than 300 aircraft . It has 29 bases across Europe , the largest being Gatwick . In 2014 , the airline carried more than 65 million passengers , making it the second-largest budget airline in Europe by number of passengers carried , behind Ryanair . EasyJet was featured in the television series Airline broadcast on ITV which followed the airline 's operations at London Luton and later at other bases . Its pilot training scheme was the subject of another ITV television series , easyJet : Inside the Cockpit , which premiered in August 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Istanbul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabiha Gökçen Airport , Istanbul Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabiha_Gökçen_Airport', 'summary': 'Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport ( IATA : SAW , ICAO : LTFJ ) ( Turkish : İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen Uluslararası Havalimanı ) is one of two international airports serving Istanbul , the largest city in Turkey . Located 32 km ( 20 mi ) southeast of the city center , Sabiha Gökçen Airport is in the Asian part of the bi-continental Istanbul and serves as the hub for some airlines , including Pegasus Airlines as well as a secondary base for Turkish Airlines and Borajet ( currently suspended ) . The facility is named after Sabiha Gökçen , adoptive daughter of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the first female fighter pilot in the world . Although Istanbul Airport , located 63 km ( 39 mi ) away on the European side of Istanbul , is larger , Sabiha Gökçen is still one of the largest airports in the country .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Istanbul_Airport', 'summary': 'Istanbul Airport ( IATA : IST , ICAO : LTFM ) ( Turkish : İstanbul Havalimanı ) is the main international airport serving Istanbul , Turkey . It is located in the Arnavutköy district on the European side of the city . All scheduled commercial passenger flights were transferred from Istanbul Atatürk Airport to Istanbul Airport on April 6 , 2019 , following the closure of Istanbul Atatürk Airport for scheduled passenger flights . The IATA airport code IST was also transferred to the new airport . Once all phases are completed in 2025 , the airport will be able to accommodate 200 million passengers a year .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pegasus Airlines , Turkish Airlines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pegasus_Airlines', 'summary': 'Pegasus Airlines ( Turkish : Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş . ) ( BİST : PGSUS ) is a Turkish low-cost airline headquartered in the Kurtköy area of Pendik , Istanbul with bases at several Turkish airports .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Turkish_Airlines', 'summary': "Turkish Airlines ( Turkish : Türk Hava Yolları ) is the national flag carrier airline of Turkey . As of August 2019 [ update ] , it operates scheduled services to 315 destinations in Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas , making it the largest mainline carrier in the world by number of passenger destinations . The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world , and flies to 126 countries , more than any other airline . With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft , the airline 's cargo division serves 82 destinations . The airline 's corporate headquarters are at the Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grounds of Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy , Bakırköy , Istanbul . Istanbul Airport in Arnavutkoy is the airline 's main base , and there are secondary hubs at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport and Ankara Esenboğa International Airport . Turkish Airlines has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tel Aviv', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Gurion Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Gurion_Airport', 'summary': "Ben Gurion Airport ( Hebrew : נמל התעופה בן-גוריון ; Arabic : مطار بن غوريون الدولي ) ( IATA : TLV , ICAO : LLBG ) , commonly known by its Hebrew acronym as Natbag ( נתב״ג ) , is the main international airport of Israel and the busiest airport in the country , located on the northern outskirts of the city of Lod , which is about 45 km ( 28 mi ) northwest of Jerusalem and 20 km ( 12 mi ) to the southeast of Tel Aviv . Named in 1973 after Israel 's first Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion , the airport serves as a hub for El Al , Israir Airlines , Arkia , and Sun D'Or . It is operated by the Israel Airports Authority , a government-owned corporation that manages all public airports and border crossings in Israel . In 2019 , Ben Gurion handled 24.8 million passengers . The airport is considered to be among the five best airports in the Middle East due to its passenger experience and its high level of security . Security forces such as Israel Police officers , IDF and Israel Border Police soldiers are complemented by airport security guards who operate both in uniform and undercover . The airport has been the target of several terrorist attacks , but no attempt to hijack a plane departing from Ben Gurion airport has ever succeeded ."}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkia , Blue Dart Aviation , El Al , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkia', 'summary': "Arkia , legally incorporated as Arkia Israeli Airlines Ltd ( Hebrew : ארקיע , I will soar , Arabic : خطوط أركيا ) , is an Israeli airline . Its head office is on the grounds of Sde Dov Airport in Tel Aviv , Israel . It is Israel 's second-largest airline , operating scheduled domestic and international services , as well as charter flights to destinations in Western Europe and across the Mediterranean . Its main base is Ben Gurion Airport , with hubs at Eilat Airport and Ramon Airport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Blue_Dart_Aviation', 'summary': "Blue Dart Aviation is a cargo airline based in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It operates with its main base as Chennai International Airport . It serves 7 Indian metro cities . German courier company Deutsche Post owns a 70% stake in the airline through its subsidiary Blue Dart Express . It provides service in 220 plus countries and territories all over the world through their parent company 's parcel service DHL . Blue Dart opened its dedicated cargo facility at Mumbai airport near Terminal 1 on 7 February 2019 . The facility measures 4,300 square meters and has air-side and city-side access , allowing for faster transfer of shipments ."}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Al', 'summary': "El Al Israel Airlines Ltd. , trading as El Al ( Hebrew : אל על , To the Skies or Skywards , stylized as ELעלALאל ; Arabic : إل-عال ) is the flag carrier of Israel . Since its inaugural flight from Geneva to Tel Aviv in September 1948 , the airline has grown to serve over 50 destinations , operating scheduled domestic and international services and cargo flights within Israel , and to Europe , the Middle East , the Americas , Africa , Australia and the Far East , from its main base in Ben Gurion Airport . El Al is the only commercial airline to equip its planes with missile defense systems to protect its planes against surface-to-air missiles , and is considered one of the world 's securest airlines , thanks to its stringent security procedures , both on the ground and on board its aircraft . Although it has been the target of many attempted hijackings and terror attacks , only one El Al flight has ever been hijacked ; that incident did not result in any fatalities . As Israel 's national airline , El Al has played an important role in humanitarian rescue efforts , airlifting Jews from other countries to Israel , setting the world record for the most passengers on a commercial aircraft ( single plane record of 1,088 passengers on a 747 ) by Operation Solomon when 14,500 Jewish refugees were transported from Ethiopia in 1991 . El Al offers only kosher in-flight meals , and does not fly passengers on the Jewish Shabbat or religious holidays . In 2012 , El Al operated an all-Boeing fleet of 42 aircraft , flying over 4 million passengers , and employed a staff of 6,056 globally . The company 's revenues for 2016 were $ 2.04 billion , totalling losses of $ 80.7 million compared to a profit of $ 57 million in 2010 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Rome', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rome Ciampino Airport , Rome Fiumicino Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rome_Ciampino_Airport', 'summary': 'Rome - Ciampino International Airport G. B. Pastine ( Italian : Aeroporto Internazionale di Roma-Ciampino G. B. Pastine ) ( IATA : CIA , ICAO : LIRA ) , is the secondary international airport of Rome , the capital of Italy , after Rome-Fiumicino Airport Leonardo da Vinci . It is a joint civilian , commercial and military airport situated 6.5 NM ( 12.0 km ; 7.5 mi ) south southeast of central Rome , just outside the Greater Ring Road ( Italian : Grande Raccordo Anulare or GRA ) the circular motorway around the city . The airport is an important hub for many low-cost carriers and general aviation traffic . It also hosts a military airport and the headquarters of the 31º Stormo and the 2nd Reparto Genio of the Italian Air Force . The airport is named after Giovan Battista Pastine , an Italian airship pilot who served in World War I .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rome_Fiumicino_Airport', 'summary': "Rome-Fiumicino International Airport Leonardo da Vinci ( Italian : Aeroporto Internazionale di Roma-Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci ; IATA : FCO , ICAO : LIRF ) is an international airport in Rome and the major airport in Italy . It is one of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic with almost 43 million passengers served in 2018 . The airport serves as the main hub for Alitalia , the largest Italian airline , and Vueling , a Spanish low-cost carrier owned by International Airlines Group . Based on total passenger numbers , it is the eighth-busiest airport in Europe and was the world 's 47th-busiest airport in 2017 . It covers an area of 16 km2 and is named after polymath Leonardo da Vinci who , in 1480 , designed a flying machine with wings and the first proto helicopter ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alitalia , Ryanair , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alitalia', 'summary': "Alitalia - Società Aerea Italiana ( Alitalia - Italian Air Company ) , operating as Alitalia ( Italian pronunciation : [ aliˈtaːlja ] ) , is the flag carrier of Italy . The company has its head office in Fiumicino , Rome , Italy . Its main hub is Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport , Rome , and a secondary is Linate Airport , Milan . Other focus airports are Catania-Fontanarossa Airport , Milan Malpensa Airport , Palermo Airport and Naples Airport . In 2018 , it was the twelfth-largest airline in Europe . The name is an Italian portmanteau of the words ali ( 'wings ' ) and Italia ( 'Italy ' ) . Alitalia has been loss-making for many years . On 2 May 2017 , the airline went into administration after the Italian government formally approved the move , but the loss-making operations have continued since then , at about the same level of activity ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryanair', 'summary': "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984 , headquartered in Swords , Dublin , Ireland , with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports . It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines , and has Ryanair UK , Ryanair Sun , Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines . In 2016 , Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown , and carried more international passengers than any other airline . Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft , with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft , but also as a backup and for pilot training . The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion , a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model . Ryanair 's route network serves 40 countries in Europe , North Africa ( Morocco ) , and the Middle East ( Israel , Lebanon and Jordan ) . The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges . It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity . As of 2019 , it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which ? surveys , and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands ' customer service ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Prague', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prague Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prague_Airport', 'summary': 'Václav Havel Airport Prague ( Czech : Letiště Václava Havla Praha ) , formerly Prague Ruzyně International Airport ( Czech : Mezinárodní letiště Praha-Ruzyně , Czech pronunciation : [ ˈpraɦa ˈruzɪɲɛ ] ) ( IATA : PRG , ICAO : LKPR ) , is the international airport of Prague , the capital of the Czech Republic . The airport was founded in 1937 , when it replaced the Kbely Airport ( founded in 1918 ) . It was reconstructed and extended in 1956 , 1968 , 1997 , and 2006 . In 2012 , it was renamed after the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first President of Czech Republic Václav Havel . It is located in the edge of Prague-Ruzyně area , next to Kněževes village , 12 km ( 7 mi ) west of the centre of Prague and 12 km ( 7 mi ) southeast of the city Kladno . In 2018 it served around 17 million passengers ( expecting 18 million in 2019 ) . It serves as a hub for Czech Airlines and Smartwings , and is also a base for Ryanair .'}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Czech Airlines , Ryanair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Airlines', 'summary': "Czech Airlines j.s.c . ( abbreviation : ČSA , Czech : České Aerolinie , a.s. ) is the flag carrier of the Czech Republic . Its head office is on the grounds of 6th district Prague , Vokovice . The airline 's hub is at Václav Havel Airport Prague . The company operates mainly scheduled flights . When , in 2018 , 97.74% of Czech Airlines was bought by the privately-owned Smartwings , CSA became a part of the Smartwings Group . The airline runs a frequent flyer programme called OK Plus in reference to the airline 's International Air Transport Association designation , as well as the term of approval ; OK also featured prominently in its previous livery , and is the prefix of Czech Republic aircraft registrations . It is a member of the SkyTeam alliance . The remaining 2.26% of CSA is owned by insurance company Česká Pojišťovna . In the summer season , CSA flies to 50 destinations in Asia and Europe . Czech Airlines carried 2.26 million passengers in 2016 , which was a 13% increase compared to 2015 . Czech Airlines Technics is responsible for aircraft maintenance ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryanair', 'summary': "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984 , headquartered in Swords , Dublin , Ireland , with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports . It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines , and has Ryanair UK , Ryanair Sun , Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines . In 2016 , Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown , and carried more international passengers than any other airline . Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft , with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft , but also as a backup and for pilot training . The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion , a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model . Ryanair 's route network serves 40 countries in Europe , North Africa ( Morocco ) , and the Middle East ( Israel , Lebanon and Jordan ) . The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges . It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity . As of 2019 , it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which ? surveys , and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands ' customer service ."}]}, {'value': 'Milan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malpensa Airport , Orio al Serio International Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malpensa_Airport', 'summary': 'Milan Malpensa Airport ( IATA : MXP , ICAO : LIMC ) is the largest international airport in the Milan metropolitan area in northern Italy . It serves 15 million inhabitants in Lombardy , Piedmont and Liguria , as well as those living in the Swiss Canton of Ticino . The airport is located 49 kilometres ( 30 mi ) northwest of central Milan , next to the Ticino river ( dividing Lombardy and Piedmont ) . The airport has two terminals ( Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 ) and two runways as well as a dedicated cargo terminal . In 2019 , Malpensa Airport handled 28,846,299 passengers and was the 20th busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers and 2nd busiest airport in Italy in terms of passengers . Until 2008 , Malpensa Airport was a major hub for flag carrier Alitalia . Malpensa Airport remains the second-busiest Italian airport for international passenger traffic ( after Rome Fiumicino Airport ) , and the busiest for freight and cargo , handling over 500,000 tons of international freight annually . The first industrial airport was opened in 1909 near the Cascina Malpensa , an old farm , by Giovanni Agusta and Gianni Caproni to test their aircraft prototypes . This airport was then opened for civil operation in 1948 during the war reconstruction period , in order to serve the northern area of Milan .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Orio_al_Serio_International_Airport', 'summary': "Orio al Serio International Airport ( IATA : BGY , ICAO : LIME ) , officially also known as Il Caravaggio International Airport ( since 2011 ) , is the third busiest international airport in Italy . It is located in the municipal territory of Orio al Serio , 3.7 km ( 2.3 mi ) southeast of Bergamo in Italy . The airport is 45 km ( 28 mi ) north-east of Milan , where it operates alongside Malpensa Airport and Linate Airport , the city 's other two primary airports . The airport served almost 13 million passengers in 2018 . The airport is called Milan-Bergamo by several airlines and it is managed by SACBO , a company partially owned by SEA - Aeroporti di Milano , the operator of Linate and Malpensa airports . SEA , the company that runs the latter two airports , also holds a 31% stake in SACBO . It is named Il Caravaggio after the Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio , who lived as a child at Caravaggio in the Province of Bergamo ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryanair , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryanair', 'summary': "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984 , headquartered in Swords , Dublin , Ireland , with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports . It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines , and has Ryanair UK , Ryanair Sun , Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines . In 2016 , Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown , and carried more international passengers than any other airline . Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft , with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft , but also as a backup and for pilot training . The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion , a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model . Ryanair 's route network serves 40 countries in Europe , North Africa ( Morocco ) , and the Middle East ( Israel , Lebanon and Jordan ) . The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges . It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity . As of 2019 , it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which ? surveys , and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands ' customer service ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Bucharest', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henri Coanda International Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henri_Coanda_International_Airport', 'summary': "Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport ( Romanian : Aeroportul Internațional Henri Coandă București ) ( IATA : OTP , ICAO : LROP ) is Romania 's busiest international airport , located in Otopeni , 16.5 km ( 10.3 mi ) north of Bucharest 's city centre . It is currently one of two airports serving the capital of Romania . The other is Aurel Vlaicu Airport , which no longer serves scheduled passenger traffic . The airport is named after Romanian flight pioneer Henri Coandă , builder of Coandă-1910 aircraft and discoverer of the Coandă effect of fluidics . Prior to May 2004 , the official name was Bucharest Otopeni International Airport ( Romanian : Aeroportul Internațional București Otopeni ) . Henri Coandă International Airport serves as headquarters for TAROM , the country 's national airline . It also serves as a base of operations for low-cost airlines Blue Air , Ryanair and Wizz Air . It is managed by The National Company Bucharest Airports S.A. ( Compania Națională Aeroporturi București S.A. ) . The military section of the airport is used by the 90th Airlift Flotilla of the Romanian Air Force ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LOT Polish Airlines , TAROM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines', 'summary': "LOT Polish Airlines , legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. ( Polish pronunciation : [ lɔt ] , flight ) , is the flag carrier of Poland . Based in Warsaw and established on 29 December 1928 , it is one of the world 's oldest airlines in operation . With a fleet of 90 aircraft , LOT Polish Airlines flies to 134 destinations across Europe , Asia and North America . Most of the destinations originate from its hub at Warsaw Chopin Airport . LOT is a member of the Star Alliance ."}, {'url': '/wiki/TAROM', 'summary': 'TAROM ( pronounced ta-rom , legally Compania Națională de Transporturi Aeriene Române TAROM S.A. ) , is the flag carrier and oldest currently operating airline of Romania , based in Otopeni near Bucharest . Its headquarters and its main hub are at Henri Coandă International Airport . It is currently the first and largest airline operating in Romania based on international destinations , international flights and the third-largest measured by fleet size and passengers carried . The brand name is an acronym for Romanian : Transporturile Aeriene Române ( Romanian Air Transport ) . Over ninety-seven percent ( 97.17% ) of TAROM is owned by the Romanian Government ( Ministry of Transport ) . The airline transported almost 2.75 million passengers in 2018 , with an average load factor of 74% . The airline joined SkyTeam on 25 June 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Berlin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berlin Schönefeld Airport , Berlin Tegel Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berlin_Schönefeld_Airport', 'summary': "Berlin Schönefeld Airport ( Flughafen Berlin-Schönefeld ( help·info ) ) ( IATA : SXF , ICAO : EDDB ) is the secondary international airport of Berlin , the capital of Germany . It is located 18 km ( 11 mi ) southeast of Berlin near the town of Schönefeld in the state of Brandenburg and borders Berlin 's southern boundary . It is the smaller of the two airports in Berlin , after Berlin Tegel Airport , and is a base for easyJet and Ryanair . In 2017 the airport handled 12.9 million passengers by serving mainly European metropolitan and leisure destinations . Schönefeld Airport was the major civil airport of East Germany ( GDR ) and the only airport of the former East Berlin . Part of Schönefeld 's existing infrastructure is set to be incorporated into the neighbouring Berlin Brandenburg Airport , scheduled to open in late 2020 . Schönefeld 's then refurbished terminals are intended to be used until at least 2026 as part of the new airport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Berlin_Tegel_Airport', 'summary': 'Berlin Tegel Otto Lilienthal Airport ( German : Flughafen Berlin-Tegel „ Otto Lilienthal ) ( IATA : TXL , ICAO : EDDT ) is the main international airport of Berlin , the federal capital of Germany . It formerly served West Berlin . The airport is named after Otto Lilienthal and is the fourth busiest airport in Germany , with 20.5 million passengers in 2017 and about 22 million in 2018 . The airport is a hub for Eurowings as well as a base for EasyJet . It features flights to several European metropolitan and leisure destinations as well as some intercontinental routes . It is situated in Tegel , a section of the northern borough of Reinickendorf , 8 km ( 5.0 mi ) northwest of the city centre of Berlin . Tegel Airport is notable for its hexagonal main terminal building around an open square , which makes walking distances as short as 30 m ( 98 ft ) from the aircraft to the terminal exit .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'easyjet , Ryanair , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Easyjet', 'summary': "EasyJet PLC , styled as easyJet , is a British low-cost airline group headquartered at London Luton Airport . It operates domestic and international scheduled services on over 1,000 routes in more than 30 countries via its affiliate airlines EasyJet UK , EasyJet Switzerland , and EasyJet Europe . EasyJet plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . easyGroup Holdings Ltd ( the investment vehicle of the airline 's founder Stelios Haji-Ioannou and his family ) is the largest shareholder with a 34.62% stake ( as of July 2014 ) . It employs nearly 14,000 people , based throughout Europe but mainly in the UK . EasyJet has seen expansion since its establishment in 1995 , having grown through a combination of acquisitions , and base openings fuelled by consumer demand for low-cost air travel . The group , along with associate companies easyJet UK , easyJet Europe and easyJet Switzerland , operate more than 300 aircraft . It has 29 bases across Europe , the largest being Gatwick . In 2014 , the airline carried more than 65 million passengers , making it the second-largest budget airline in Europe by number of passengers carried , behind Ryanair . EasyJet was featured in the television series Airline broadcast on ITV which followed the airline 's operations at London Luton and later at other bases . Its pilot training scheme was the subject of another ITV television series , easyJet : Inside the Cockpit , which premiered in August 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryanair', 'summary': "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984 , headquartered in Swords , Dublin , Ireland , with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports . It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines , and has Ryanair UK , Ryanair Sun , Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines . In 2016 , Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown , and carried more international passengers than any other airline . Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft , with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft , but also as a backup and for pilot training . The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion , a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model . Ryanair 's route network serves 40 countries in Europe , North Africa ( Morocco ) , and the Middle East ( Israel , Lebanon and Jordan ) . The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges . It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity . As of 2019 , it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which ? surveys , and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands ' customer service ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Madrid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madrid Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrid_Airport', 'summary': "Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas [ aeɾoˈpweɾto aˈðolfo ˈswaɾeð maˈðɾið βaˈɾaxas ] ) ( IATA : MAD , ICAO : LEMD ) , commonly known as Madrid-Barajas Airport , is the main international airport serving Madrid in Spain . At 3,050 ha ( 7,500 acres ) in area , it is the second largest airport in Europe by physical size behind Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport . In 2018 , 57.9 million passengers used Madrid-Barajas , making it the country 's largest and busiest airport and Europe 's sixth busiest . The airport opened in 1928 , and has grown to be one of Europe 's most important aviation centres . Located within the city limits of Madrid , it is just 9 km ( 6 mi ) from the city 's financial district and 13 km ( 8 mi ) northeast of the Puerta del Sol or Plaza Mayor de Madrid , Madrid 's historic centre . The airport name derives from the adjacent district of Barajas , which has its own metro station on the same rail line serving the airport . Barajas serves as the gateway to the Iberian peninsula from the rest of Europe and the world , and is a particularly key link between Europe and Latin America . The airport is the primary hub and maintenance base for Iberia and Air Europa . Consequently , Iberia is responsible for more than 40% of Barajas ' traffic . The airport has five passenger terminals named T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T4S ."}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iberia , Ryanair , Wizz Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iberia', 'summary': 'The Iberian Peninsula /aɪˈbɪəriən/ , [ a ] also known as Iberia , [ b ] is located in the southwest corner of the European continent . The peninsula is principally divided between Spain and Portugal , comprising most of their territory , as well as a small area of France ( the French Cerdagne ) , Andorra and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar . With an area of approximately 596,740 square kilometres ( 230,400 sq mi ) , and a population of roughly 53 million , it is the second largest European peninsula by area , after the Scandinavian Peninsula .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryanair', 'summary': "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984 , headquartered in Swords , Dublin , Ireland , with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports . It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines , and has Ryanair UK , Ryanair Sun , Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines . In 2016 , Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown , and carried more international passengers than any other airline . Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft , with a single 737-700 used primarily as a charter aircraft , but also as a backup and for pilot training . The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion , a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model . Ryanair 's route network serves 40 countries in Europe , North Africa ( Morocco ) , and the Middle East ( Israel , Lebanon and Jordan ) . The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges . It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity . As of 2019 , it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which ? surveys , and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands ' customer service ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wizz_Air', 'summary': 'Wizz Air , legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. ( Hungarian : Wizz Air Hungary Légiközlekedési Kft . ) and stylised as W ! zz Air , is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest . The airline serves many cities across Europe , as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East . It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline , although it is not a flag carrier , and currently serves 44 countries . Its Jersey-based parent company , Wizz Air Holdings plc , is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . As of 2018 , the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations . In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Statistics -- Top destinations', 'section_text': 'Busiest routes ( 2018 ) Rank Airport Passengers handled% Change2017/18 Rank Airport Passengers handled% Change2017/18 Europe 16 Helsinki 246,616 8 1 Frankfurt 661,820 47 17 Copenhagen 241,153 2 2 London-Luton 564,603 2 18 Milan-Malpensa 240,803 8 3 Paris-Charles de Gaulle 462,651 2 19 Moscow-Sheremetyevo 240,499 22 4 Amsterdam 452,509 2 20 Dublin 238,254 1 5 London-Stansted 427,507 9 21 Zürich 234,034 4 6 London-Heathrow 363,483 9 22 Brussels-National 205,501 1 7 Brussels-Charleroi 361,246 3 23 Prague 200,864 83 8 Barcelona 345,210 32 24 Basel/Mulhouse 180,060 88 9 Berlin-Schönefeld 344,042 45 25 Athens 175,781 14 10 Munich 337,577 2 26 London-Gatwick 174,312 19 11 Madrid 281,704 22 27 Milan-Bergamo 167,626 23 12 Istanbul-Atatürk 277,848 13 Outside Europe 13 Rome-Fiumicino 273,830 13 1 Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion 430,502 19 14 Eindhoven 268,155 2 2 Dubai-International 220,589 15 Warsaw-Chopin 262,000 10 3 Doha 167,532 29 Busiest routes ( 2017 ) Rank Airport Passengers handled% Change2016/17 1 London-Luton 574,074 2 Paris-Charles de Gaulle 471,911 10 3 Frankfurt 449,214 7 4 Amsterdam 443,957 12 5 London-Stansted 390,608 6 6 Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion 363,235 21 7 Brussels-Charleroi 350,152 12 8 Munich 343,275 4 9 London-Heathrow 333,780 1 10 Eindhoven 262,914 6 11 Barcelona 262,497 8 12 Istanbul-Atatürk 246,337 5 13 Rome-Fiumicino 243,231 10 14 Warsaw-Chopin 238,238 12 15 Berlin-Schönefeld 237,772 74 16 Copenhagen 237,313 5 17 Dublin 235,418 2 18 Madrid 230,734 2 19 Helsinki 227,907 8 20 Zurich 224,605 19 21 Milan-Malpensa 223,112 5 22 Dubai-International 221,132 21 23 London-Gatwick 213,920 6 24 Brussels-National 203,636 13 25 Moscow-Sheremetyevo 197,455 18 26 Berlin-Tegel 181,310 6 27 Oslo 166,229 9 28 Manchester 152,710 11 29 Rome-Ciampino 141,525 15 30 Düsseldorf 136,259 13', 'uid': 'Budapest_Ferenc_Liszt_International_Airport_4', 'intro': "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (Hungarian: Budapest Liszt Ferenc Nemzetközi Repülőtér) (IATA: BUD, ICAO: LHBP), formerly known as Budapest Ferihegy International Airport and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the Hungarian capital city of Budapest, and by far the largest of the country's four commercial airports. The airport is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) southeast of the center of Budapest (bordering Pest county) and was renamed in 2011 in honour of the most famous Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferenc, in Hungarian) on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth. It offers international connections primarily within Europe, but also to Africa, to the Middle East, to North America and to the Far East. In 2019, the airport handled 16.2 million passengers. The airport is the headquarters and primary hub for Wizz Air and base for Ryanair. In 2012 it experienced a significant drop in aircraft movements and handled cargo, primarily due to the collapse of Malév Hungarian Airlines earlier in the year, hence losing a large portion of connecting passengers. It had been the hub for Malév until the airline's bankruptcy on 3 February 2012. In 2015 North-American and Middle-Eastern carriers announced direct flights to Budapest. Together with the continuously expanding network of low-cost carriers, the airport was not only able to survive but to grow in a way that was unprecedented in the region. In 2018 LOT Polish Airlines made Budapest their first hub outside Poland, with flights to New York-JFK, Chicago-O'Hare, Kraków and London City Airport. Nowadays, the Budapest hub of Wizz Air is the largest of all with more than 60 destinations."} | null | null | Which airline is based at the airport in the capital of Bavaria ? | Lufthansa |
0ba7466ef67d113c | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_Pastoral_Region', 'title': 'San Pedro Pastoral Region', 'header': ['Church name', 'Address', 'Community'], 'data': [{'value': 'Holy Angels Church of the Deaf', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4433 South Santa Fe Ave. 34°00′10″N 118°13′50″W / 34.00278°N 118.23056°W / 34.00278 ; -118.23056 ( Holy Angels Church of the Deaf )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vernon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vernon,_California', 'summary': 'Vernon is a city five miles ( 8.0 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , California . The population was 112 at the 2010 United States Census , the smallest of any incorporated city in the state ( and the nearest to downtown Los Angeles ) . The city is primarily composed of industrial areas and touts itself as exclusively industrial . Meatpacking plants and warehouses are common . As of 2006 , there were no parks in the city .'}]}, {'value': 'Our Lady of Perpetual Help', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10727 S. Downey Ave. 33°56′39″N 118°07′50″W / 33.94417°N 118.13056°W / 33.94417 ; -118.13056 ( Our Lady of Perpetual Help )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Downey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Downey,_California', 'summary': "Downey is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County , California , United States , 13 mi ( 21 km ) southeast of downtown Los Angeles . It is considered part of the Gateway Cities . The city is the birthplace of the Apollo space program . It is also the home of the oldest still operational McDonald 's restaurant in the world . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 111,779 ."}]}, {'value': 'Our Lady of the Rosary', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14815 S. Paramount Blvd . 33°53′55″N 118°09′37″W / 33.89861°N 118.16028°W / 33.89861 ; -118.16028 ( Our Lady of the Rosary )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paramount', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paramount,_California', 'summary': 'Paramount is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . According to the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 54,098 , down from 55,266 at the 2000 census . Paramount is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area and is bordered by Compton and Lynwood to the west , South Gate and Downey to the north , Bellflower to the east and south , and Long Beach to the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Our Lady of Victory', 'urls': []}, {'value': '519 E. Palmer St. 33°53′54″N 118°13′03″W / 33.89833°N 118.21750°W / 33.89833 ; -118.21750 ( Our Lady of Victory )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Compton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Compton,_California', 'summary': 'Compton is a city in southern Los Angeles County , California , United States , situated south of downtown Los Angeles . Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county and , on May 11 , 1888 , was the eighth city in California to incorporate . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a total population of 96,456 . It is known as the Hub City due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County . Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove , Leland , Downtown Compton , and Richland Farms . The city is generally a working class community , with some middle-class neighborhoods and poor neighborhoods , and is home to a relatively young population , at an average 25 years of age , compared to the American median age of 38 ( based on 2018 data ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Sagrado Corazon', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1720 N. Culver Ave. 33°54′28″N 118°13′41″W / 33.90778°N 118.22806°W / 33.90778 ; -118.22806 ( Sagrado Corazon )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Compton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Compton,_California', 'summary': 'Compton is a city in southern Los Angeles County , California , United States , situated south of downtown Los Angeles . Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county and , on May 11 , 1888 , was the eighth city in California to incorporate . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a total population of 96,456 . It is known as the Hub City due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County . Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove , Leland , Downtown Compton , and Richland Farms . The city is generally a working class community , with some middle-class neighborhoods and poor neighborhoods , and is home to a relatively young population , at an average 25 years of age , compared to the American median age of 38 ( based on 2018 data ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Sagrado Corazon y Santa Maria Guadalupe', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4239 Clara St. 33°58′00″N 118°11′35″W / 33.96667°N 118.19306°W / 33.96667 ; -118.19306 ( Sagrado Corazon y Santa Maria Guadalupe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cudahy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cudahy,_California', 'summary': 'Cudahy ( /ˈkʌdəheɪ/ KUD-ə-hay ) is a city located in southeastern Los Angeles County , California . In area , Cudahy is the second smallest city in Los Angeles County after Hawaiian Gardens but with one of the highest population densities of any incorporated city in the United States . It is part of the Gateway Cities region and had a population of 23,805 as of the 2010 U.S. Census .'}]}, {'value': 'San Miguel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2214 E. 108th St. 33°56′14″N 118°13′56″W / 33.93722°N 118.23222°W / 33.93722 ; -118.23222 ( San Miguel )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles ( Watts )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Watts,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'Watts is a neighborhood in southern Los Angeles , California . It is located within the South Los Angeles region , bordering the cities of Lynwood and South Gate to the east and southeast , respectively , and the unincorporated community of Willowbrook to the south . Founded in the late nineteenth century as a ranching community , the arrival of the railroads and the construction of Watts Station saw the rapid development of Watts as an independent city , but in 1926 was consolidated with Los Angeles . By the 1940s , Watts transformed into a primarily working class African-American neighborhood , but from the 1960s developed a reputation as a low-income , high-crime area , following the Watts riots and the increasing influence of street gangs . Today Watts is a predominantly Hispanic neighborhood with a significant African American minority , and remains one of the most impoverished and dangerous neighborhoods in Los Angeles despite falling crime rates since the 1990s . Notable civic activities by residents of Watts include the Toys for Watts toy drive , the Watts Christmas parade , and the Watts Summer Games athletic tournament , as well as a local theatre and a dance company , in an effort to improve the neighborhood . Watts is noted internationally for the landmark Watts Towers by Simon Rodia , which are a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument and also listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The neighborhood has also been featured or referenced in numerous forms of media , particularly West Coast hip-hop music , and movies and television shows set in Los Angeles .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Albert the Great', 'urls': []}, {'value': '804 E. Compton Blvd . 33°53′45″N 118°12′52″W / 33.89583°N 118.21444°W / 33.89583 ; -118.21444 ( St. Albert the Great )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rancho Dominguez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rancho_Dominguez,_California', 'summary': 'Rancho Dominguez is a former Spanish colonial and Mexican settlement in Alta California , and a present-day unincorporated community in Los Angeles County , California . Rancho Dominguez is located between Compton , California , Long Beach , California and Carson , California . The Communities of Unincorporated Rancho Dominguez are : Rancho Dominguez , East Rancho Dominguez , and West Rancho Dominguez . Historically Rancho Dominguez also contained the sites of the cities of Compton , California , Carson , California and a portion of North Long Beach , California .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Aloysius Gonzaga', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7814 Crockett Blvd . 33°58′05″N 118°14′11″W / 33.96806°N 118.23639°W / 33.96806 ; -118.23639 ( St. Aloysius Gonzaga )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florence ( Unincorporated Los Angeles )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florence,_California', 'summary': 'Florence is an unincorporated community in California . It is often considered part of South Los Angeles despite being outside the Los Angeles city limits . It is serviced by area code 323 and has a ZIP code of 90001 . It is the northern part of the Florence-Graham CDP .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Bernard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9647 E. Beach St. 33°52′37″N 118°08′39″W / 33.87694°N 118.14417°W / 33.87694 ; -118.14417 ( St. Bernard )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bellflower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bellflower,_California', 'summary': "Bellflower is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County , California , in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It was founded in 1906 and became incorporated on September 3 , 1957 . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 76,616 , up from 72,878 at the 2000 census . As of the 2010 census , Bellflower is the 25th most densely populated city in the United States , of cities over 50,000 residents ( and 8th most densely populated in California ) . The city was founded by F.E . Woodruff in 1906 and originally named Somerset in 1909 when the post office was established . However , the Post Office Department rejected the name to prevent confusion with Somerset , Colorado . The present name is derived from the bellflower apple , which was grown in local orchards during the early 1900s . Originally settled by small communities of dairy farmers of Dutch , Japanese , and Portuguese descent , Bellflower and neighboring Paramount served first as the apple and later the milk production centers for Southern California , until soaring post-World War II property values and threatened annexations by Los Angeles led by real-estate syndicates , forced most of the farmers to move several miles east to the Dairy Valley/Dairyland/Dairy City area ( now the cities of Cerritos , La Palma , and Cypress ) . These farms were in turn divided up into large housing divisions for Los Angeles 's growing White American population which worked in the region 's high-tech , skilled industrial , and service positions . From the 1950s through the late 1960s , Bellflower Boulevard , the city 's main thoroughfare , was a thriving commercial strip for shopping . Numerous retail and franchise restaurant firms began on this street , which also featured middle- and high-end boutiques , arts and crafts shops , and other small shopkeeps alongside larger department stores and banks ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Dominic Savio', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13400 Bellflower Blvd . 33°52′08″N 118°07′30″W / 33.86889°N 118.12500°W / 33.86889 ; -118.12500 ( St. Dominic Savio )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bellflower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bellflower,_California', 'summary': "Bellflower is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County , California , in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It was founded in 1906 and became incorporated on September 3 , 1957 . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 76,616 , up from 72,878 at the 2000 census . As of the 2010 census , Bellflower is the 25th most densely populated city in the United States , of cities over 50,000 residents ( and 8th most densely populated in California ) . The city was founded by F.E . Woodruff in 1906 and originally named Somerset in 1909 when the post office was established . However , the Post Office Department rejected the name to prevent confusion with Somerset , Colorado . The present name is derived from the bellflower apple , which was grown in local orchards during the early 1900s . Originally settled by small communities of dairy farmers of Dutch , Japanese , and Portuguese descent , Bellflower and neighboring Paramount served first as the apple and later the milk production centers for Southern California , until soaring post-World War II property values and threatened annexations by Los Angeles led by real-estate syndicates , forced most of the farmers to move several miles east to the Dairy Valley/Dairyland/Dairy City area ( now the cities of Cerritos , La Palma , and Cypress ) . These farms were in turn divided up into large housing divisions for Los Angeles 's growing White American population which worked in the region 's high-tech , skilled industrial , and service positions . From the 1950s through the late 1960s , Bellflower Boulevard , the city 's main thoroughfare , was a thriving commercial strip for shopping . Numerous retail and franchise restaurant firms began on this street , which also featured middle- and high-end boutiques , arts and crafts shops , and other small shopkeeps alongside larger department stores and banks ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Emydius', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10900 California Ave. 33°56′01″N 118°12′29″W / 33.93361°N 118.20806°W / 33.93361 ; -118.20806 ( St. Emydius )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lynwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lynwood,_California', 'summary': 'Lynwood is a city in Los Angeles County , California . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 69,772 , down from 69,845 at the 2000 census . Lynwood is located near South Gate and Compton in the southern portion of the Los Angeles Basin . Incorporated in 1921 , the city is named for Lynn Wood Sessions , wife of a local dairyman , Charles Sessions . The local railroad siding and later Pacific Electric Railway station were named after the dairy .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Philip Neri', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4311 Olanda St. 33°54′30″N 118°11′39″W / 33.90833°N 118.19417°W / 33.90833 ; -118.19417 ( St. Philip Neri )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lynwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lynwood,_California', 'summary': 'Lynwood is a city in Los Angeles County , California . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 69,772 , down from 69,845 at the 2000 census . Lynwood is located near South Gate and Compton in the southern portion of the Los Angeles Basin . Incorporated in 1921 , the city is named for Lynn Wood Sessions , wife of a local dairyman , Charles Sessions . The local railroad siding and later Pacific Electric Railway station were named after the dairy .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Gertrude', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7025 Garfield Ave. 33°58′03″N 118°09′03″W / 33.96750°N 118.15083°W / 33.96750 ; -118.15083 ( St. Gertrude )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bell Gardens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bell_Gardens,_California', 'summary': "Bell Gardens is a city in the US state of California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . Located in Los Angeles County , the city 's population was 42,072 at the 2010 census , down from 44,054 at the 2000 census . Bell Gardens is part of the Gateway Cities Region , a largely urbanized region located in southeastern Los Angeles County . Bell Gardens is notable for being one of only six Los Angeles County cities ( out of 88 total ) to permit casino gambling and for being home of the oldest building in Los Angeles County . Bell Gardens is named after James George Bell , an American businessman . The Gardens in its name derives from the many Japanese who , early in Bell Gardens existence , established vegetable gardens and rice fields . The adjacent city of Bell is also named after James George Bell as well ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Helen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8912 South Gate Ave. 33°57′16″N 118°12′51″W / 33.95444°N 118.21417°W / 33.95444 ; -118.21417 ( St. Helen )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Gate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Gate,_California', 'summary': 'South Gate is the 17th largest city in Los Angeles County , California , with 7.4 square miles ( 19 km2 ) . South Gate is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) southeast of Downtown Los Angeles . It is part of the Gateway Cities region of southeastern Los Angeles County . The city was incorporated on January 20 , 1923 , and it became known as the Azalea City when it adopted the flower as its symbol in 1965 . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 94,396 . In 1990 , South Gate was one of ten U.S. communities to receive the All-America City Award from the National Civic League .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Martha', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6019 Stafford Ave. 33°59′11″N 118°13′17″W / 33.98639°N 118.22139°W / 33.98639 ; -118.22139 ( St. Martha )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huntington Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huntington_Park,_California', 'summary': "Huntington Park is a city in the Gateway Cities district of southeastern Los Angeles County , California . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 58,114 , down from 61,348 at the 2000 census . In 2019 , Huntington Park was ranked California 's most miserable city , according to census data compiled by Business Insider , ranking 10th on the list of 1,000 of America 's most miserable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Matthias', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7125 Mission Pl . 33°58′24″N 118°12′45″W / 33.97333°N 118.21250°W / 33.97333 ; -118.21250 ( St. Matthias )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huntington Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huntington_Park,_California', 'summary': "Huntington Park is a city in the Gateway Cities district of southeastern Los Angeles County , California . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 58,114 , down from 61,348 at the 2000 census . In 2019 , Huntington Park was ranked California 's most miserable city , according to census data compiled by Business Insider , ranking 10th on the list of 1,000 of America 's most miserable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Raymond', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12348 Paramount Blvd . 33°55′37″N 118°08′55″W / 33.92694°N 118.14861°W / 33.92694 ; -118.14861 ( St. Raymond )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Downey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Downey,_California', 'summary': "Downey is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County , California , United States , 13 mi ( 21 km ) southeast of downtown Los Angeles . It is considered part of the Gateway Cities . The city is the birthplace of the Apollo space program . It is also the home of the oldest still operational McDonald 's restaurant in the world . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 111,779 ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Rose of Lima', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4450 East 60th St. 33°59′07″N 118°11′11″W / 33.98528°N 118.18639°W / 33.98528 ; -118.18639 ( St. Rose of Lima )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maywood,_California', 'summary': 'Maywood is a small Gateway city in Los Angeles County . At 1.18 square miles ( 3.1 km2 ) , Maywood is the third-smallest incorporated city in Los Angeles County . It is bordered by the cities of Bell on the south , Vernon on the north and west , Huntington Park on the southwest , and Commerce on the east . It is the most densely-populated city in California , and has the highest proportion of Latinos , immigrants , and undocumented immigrants in the county . As of July 1 , 2010 , Maywood became the first municipality in California to outsource all of its city services , dismantling its police department , laying off all city employees except for the city manager , city attorney and elected officials , and contracting with outside agencies for the provision of all municipal services . The population was 27,395 at the 2010 census .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Parishes -- Deanery 17 ( Downey , Compton , Huntington Park , Lynwood )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'San_Pedro_Pastoral_Region_0', 'intro': 'The San Pedro Pastoral Region is a pastoral region of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles in the Roman Catholic Church. It covers Long Beach and southern Los Angeles County. The current regional auxiliary bishop is Bishop Marc V. Trudeau . The region has 68 parishes, 10 high schools, many elementary schools, 6 hospitals, and no Spanish missions.'} | null | null | What year was the community with the lowest °N address established ? | 1906 |
0ba7d8eb7d1e6407 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Reed', 'title': 'Nikki Reed', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thirteen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thirteen_(2003_film)', 'summary': "Thirteen is a 2003 American teen drama film directed by Catherine Hardwicke , written by Hardwicke and Nikki Reed , and starring Evan Rachel Wood , Holly Hunter , and Reed . Loosely based on Reed 's life from ages 12 to 13 , the film 's plot follows Tracy , a junior high school student in Los Angeles who begins dabbling in substance abuse , sex , and crime after being befriended by a troubled classmate . It features Brady Corbet , Deborah Kara Unger , Kip Pardue , and Vanessa Anne Hudgens in supporting roles . The screenplay for Thirteen was written over a period of six days by Hardwicke and the then-14-year-old Reed ; Hardwicke , a former production designer , independently raised funds herself for the production . Filming took place on location in Los Angeles in 2002 , largely shot with hand-held cameras , evoking a cinéma vérité visual style . Upon the film 's debut at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2003 , Hardwicke won the Sundance Directing ( Drama ) for the film . Fox Searchlight Pictures subsequently acquired Thirteen for distribution , giving the film a limited release in the United States beginning on August 20 , 2003 ; the release would expand in September 2003 , and the film went on to gross a total of $ 4.6 million at the United States box office . Though it received numerous favorable reviews from critics , Thirteen generated some controversy for its depiction of youth drug use ( including inhalants , marijuana , LSD , and alcohol ) , underage sexual behavior , and self-harm . The film earned Holly Hunter an Oscar nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and Golden Globe nominations for Hunter and Evan Rachel Wood for Best Supporting Actress and Best Actress in a Drama , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Evie Zamora', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Man of God', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Man_of_God_(film)', 'summary': 'Man of God is a 2005 film written and directed by Jefery Levy . It stars Peter Weller and Nikki Reed .'}]}, {'value': 'Zane Berg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lords of Dogtown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lords_of_Dogtown', 'summary': 'Lords of Dogtown is a 2005 American biographical drama film directed by Catherine Hardwicke and written by Stacy Peralta . The film follows a group of young skateboarders in the south Santa Monica area of Los Angeles , California during the mid 1970s . This is the first ( and so far only ) production made by both Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures .'}]}, {'value': 'Kathy Alva', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Gun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Gun_(2005_film)', 'summary': "American Gun is a 2005 American crime drama film produced by Participant Productions , IFC Films , IFC First Take , and Spirit Dance Entertainment . It was written in 2001 by Steven Bagatourian and Aric Avelino and directed by Avelino as his directorial debut . Avelino attended Loyola Marymount University and made the film with many LMU alumni , including producer Ted Kroeber . The film took two and a half years to finance . The central idea came from a Column One article in the Los Angeles Times . In addition , the writers were influenced by a friend from the Chicago school district who related stories about how students brought guns to school , not to use them on campus , but because of the dangerous neighborhoods they live in or walk through to attend classes . Avelino was very appreciative of the directorial advice of Forest Whitaker , one of the film 's producers . The first actress attached to the project was Marcia Gay Harden ."}]}, {'value': 'Tally', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Mini 's First Time", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Mini's_First_Time", 'summary': "Mini 's First Time is a 2006 satiric neo-noir film written and directed by Nick Guthe and produced by Trigger Street Productions . It was screened at the Tribeca Film Festival on May 1 , 2006 and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 . It was released on DVD on October 24 , 2006 by HBO Films . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Minerva Mini Drogues', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cherry Crush', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cherry_Crush', 'summary': "Cherry Crush is a 2007 American drama and thriller film starring Jonathan Tucker and Nikki Reed . The film was directed and co-written by Nicholas DiBella . Cherry Crush premiered in Rochester , New York on February 16 , 2007 . The film was released on DVD on July 3 , 2007 . Nicholas DiBella 's thriller Cherry Crush stars Jonathan Tucker as Jordan Wells , the privileged son of a successful man who gets kicked out of an exclusive prep school after his interest in photography and girls leads him to taking nude snapshots of classmates . Soon he meets a poor but attractive girl named Shay Bettencourt ( Nikki Reed ) who ensnares him in a web of murder and lies ."}]}, {'value': 'Shay Bettencourt', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Twilight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Twilight_(2008_film)', 'summary': "Twilight is a 2008 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer 's 2005 novel of the same name . Directed by Catherine Hardwicke , the film stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson . It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series . This film focuses on the development of the relationship between Bella Swan ( a teenage girl ) and Edward Cullen ( a vampire ) , and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a coven of evil vampires . The project was in development for approximately three years at Paramount Pictures , during which time a screen adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was written . Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the novel after three years of the project 's stagnant development . Melissa Rosenberg wrote a new adaptation of the novel shortly before the 2007-2008 Writers Guild of America strike and sought to be faithful to the novel 's storyline . Principal photography took 44 days and was completed on May 2 , 2008 ; the film was primarily shot in Oregon . Twilight was theatrically released on November 21 , 2008 ; it grossed over US $ 393 million worldwide . It was released on DVD March 21 , 2009 and became the most purchased DVD of the year . The soundtrack was released on November 4 , 2008 . Following the film 's success , New Moon and Eclipse , the next two novels in the series , were produced as films the following year ."}]}, {'value': 'Rosalie Hale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosalie_Hale', 'summary': 'The following is a list of characters in the Twilight novel series by Stephenie Meyer , comprising the books Twilight , New Moon , Eclipse and Breaking Dawn , as well as The Twilight Saga film series adaptations .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Familiar Strangers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Familiar_Strangers', 'summary': 'Familiar Strangers ( formerly known as Pretzels & Pills ) is a 2008 film about an American family going through the process of negotiating the changing relationships between parents and children , especially as those children grow into adulthood .'}]}, {'value': 'Allison', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Twilight Saga : New Moon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_New_Moon', 'summary': "The Twilight Saga : New Moon ( commonly referred to as New Moon ) is a 2009 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer 's 2006 novel New Moon . It is the second film in The Twilight Saga film series and is the sequel to 2008 's Twilight . Summit Entertainment greenlit the sequel in late November 2008 , following the early success of Twilight . Directed by Chris Weitz , the film stars Kristen Stewart , Robert Pattinson , and Taylor Lautner , reprising their roles as Bella Swan , Edward Cullen , and Jacob Black , respectively . Melissa Rosenberg , who handed in a draft of the film script during the opening weekend of Twilight , returned as screenwriter for New Moon as well . Filming began in Vancouver in late March 2009 , and in Montepulciano , Italy in late May 2009 . The film was released on November 20 , 2009 in most countries , and set domestic box office records as the biggest midnight screening , grossing $ 26.3 million , which was superseded by its sequel , Eclipse . This led to the highest single-day , domestic gross on an opening day , with $ 72.7 million , until it was beaten in 2011 by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 , which made $ 91.1 million , by nearly $ 20 million . Furthermore , New Moon opened with the third-highest domestic opening weekend since 2002 grossing a total of $ 142,839,137 . The film also became the highest-grossing film released by Summit Entertainment , and was the widest independent release , playing in over 4,100 theaters in its theatrical run , until it was surpassed by The Twilight Saga : Eclipse . New Moon was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on March 20 , 2010 through midnight release parties . As of July 2012 , the film has grossed $ 184,916,451 in North American DVD sales , selling more than 8,835,501 units , 4 million of which were sold within its first weekend , beating Twilight 's 3.8 million units sold in its first two days ."}]}, {'value': 'Rosalie Hale', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Last Day of Summer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Last_Day_of_Summer', 'summary': 'Last Day of Summer is a 2009 drama-comedy film written , produced and directed by Vlad Yudin of The Vladar Company , featuring DJ Qualls , Nikki Reed , and William Sadler .'}]}, {'value': 'Stefanie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Twilight Saga : Eclipse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Eclipse', 'summary': "The Twilight Saga : Eclipse , commonly referred to as Eclipse , is a 2010 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer 's 2007 novel Eclipse . It is the third installment of The Twilight Saga film series , following 2008 's Twilight and 2009 's New Moon . Summit Entertainment greenlit the film in February 2009 . Directed by David Slade , the film stars Kristen Stewart , Robert Pattinson , and Taylor Lautner , reprising their roles as Bella Swan , Edward Cullen , and Jacob Black , respectively . Melissa Rosenberg , who penned the scripts for both Twilight and New Moon , returned as screenwriter . Filming began on August 17 , 2009 , at Vancouver Film Studios , and finished in late October , with post-production began early the following month . Bryce Dallas Howard was cast as Victoria , replacing Rachelle Lefevre who previously played her . The film was released worldwide on June 30 , 2010 in theatres , and became the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX . The film has received mixed reception from critics . It held the record for biggest midnight opening in the United States and Canada in box office history , grossing an estimated $ 30 million , until it was surpassed by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 in 2011 . The film then scored the biggest Wednesday opening in the United States and Canada history with $ 68,533,840 beating Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen 's $ 62 million . Eclipse has also become the film with the widest independent release , playing in over 4,416 theaters , surpassing its predecessor , The Twilight Saga : New Moon , which held the record since November 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Rosalie Hale', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chain Letter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chain_Letter_(film)', 'summary': 'Chain Letter is a 2010 American horror film directed by Deon Taylor . It was written by Diana Erwin , Michael J. Pagan , and Deon Taylor . The film is about six friends who are stalked by a murderer that uses chains to kill them if they do not pass on the chain letter to five people .'}]}, {'value': 'Jessie Campbell', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Privileged', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lauren Carrington', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Catch .44', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catch_.44', 'summary': 'Catch .44 is a 2011 American crime thriller film written and directed by Aaron Harvey and starring Forest Whitaker , Bruce Willis , Malin Åkerman , Nikki Reed , Deborah Ann Woll , and Brad Dourif .'}]}, {'value': 'Kara', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn - Part 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_–_Part_1', 'summary': 'The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn - Part 1 ( commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn : Part 1 ) is a 2011 American romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon , based on the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer . Constituting the first of a two-part adaptation of the novel , the film is the fourth and penultimate installment in The Twilight Saga film series , the sequel to Eclipse in 2010 , and was followed by Breaking Dawn : Part 2 in 2012 . All three main cast members , Kristen Stewart , Robert Pattinson , and Taylor Lautner , reprised their roles . Wyck Godfrey and Karen Rosenfelt served as producers of the film , along with the author of the series , Stephenie Meyer ; the screenplay was written by Melissa Rosenberg , the screenwriter of the first three entries . It was released in theaters on November 18 , 2011 , and released to DVD on February 11 , 2012 , in the United States . Although negatively reviewed by critics , the film was commercially successful , grossing over $ 712 million worldwide .'}]}, {'value': 'Rosalie Hale', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn - Part 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_–_Part_2', 'summary': "The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn - Part 2 ( commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn : Part 2 ) is a 2012 American romantic drama fantasy film directed by Bill Condon and based on the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer . Constituting the second of a two-part adaptation of the novel , the film is the fifth and final installment in The Twilight Saga film series , following 2011 's Breaking Dawn : Part 1 . All three main cast members , Kristen Stewart , Robert Pattinson , and Taylor Lautner , reprise their roles , with Mackenzie Foy portraying Renesmee Cullen . Alongside Pattinson , Lautner , Stewart , and Foy , the film also stars an ensemble cast including Billy Burke , Peter Facinelli , Elizabeth Reaser , Kellan Lutz , Nikki Reed , Jackson Rathbone , Ashley Greene , Michael Sheen , and Dakota Fanning . Part 2 was released on November 16 , 2012 . The film , despite mixed critical reception , was a box office success , grossing nearly $ 830 million worldwide against production budget of $ 136 million , becoming the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2012 and the highest-grossing film of The Twilight Saga series ."}]}, {'value': 'Rosalie Hale', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empire State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Empire_State_(2013_film)', 'summary': 'Empire State is a 2013 American crime drama film based on a true story , centered on two childhood friends who rob an armored car depository , and the NYPD officer who stands in their way . Directed by Dito Montiel and starring Dwayne Johnson , Liam Hemsworth and Emma Roberts , the film was released straight to DVD and Blu-ray on September 3 , 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lizzette', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pawn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pawn_(film)', 'summary': 'Pawn is a 2013 American direct-to-video film directed by David A. Armstrong in his directorial debut .'}]}, {'value': 'Amanda', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enter the Dangerous Mind', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enter_the_Dangerous_Mind', 'summary': 'Enter the Dangerous Mind , also known under its original title of Snap , is a 2013 psychological thriller film that was directed by Youssef Delara and Victor Teran . The film had its world premiere on 11 March 2013 at the South by Southwest Film Festival and it will have a theatrical release on 6 February 2015 . Enter the Dangerous Mind stars Jake Hoffman as an EDM musician that falls into madness after his relationship with a beautiful woman ( Nikki Reed ) turns sour . Teran and Delara have cited the movies Taxi Driver and The Shining as influences for Enter the Dangerous Mind and filming took place over a 25-day period .'}]}, {'value': 'Wendy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Balls Out', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balls_Out_(2014_film)', 'summary': 'Balls Out is a 2014 American live-action/animated sports comedy film directed by Andrew Disney , based on a script by Bradley Jackson . The film stars Jake Lacy , Beck Bennett , Jay Pharoah , Nikki Reed , Kate McKinnon , DC Pierson , Nick Kocher , Brian McElhaney , Nick Rutherford and Gabriel Luna , and focuses on a group of college seniors that decide to form an intramural football team before graduating . The film , originally titled Intramural , stars cast members of comedy groups Saturday Night Live , Derrick Comedy , BriTANicK , and Good Neighbor . The film was picked up by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Orion Pictures and was given a limited release on film and video on demand on June 19 , 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Meredith Downs', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Nikki_Reed_0', 'intro': 'Nicole Houston Reed (born May 17, 1988) is an American actress, screenwriter, singer-songwriter, and model. She is known for playing vampire Rosalie Hale in The Twilight Saga (2008-2012). She became known in 2003, after the release of the film Thirteen, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, for which she was credited with Hardwicke as a co-writer of the screenplay, and in which she played a lead role. The film earned Reed an Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance, as well as several nominations.'} | null | null | What role did Reed play in the film originally titled Intramural ? | Meredith Downs |
0ba8d2ab7f692d05 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kappa_Alpha_Psi_brothers', 'title': 'List of Kappa Alpha Psi brothers', 'header': ['Name', 'Original chapter', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Keith Carlos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keith_Carlos', 'summary': "Keith Kasson Carlos ( born December 19 , 1987 ) is a former American football wide receiver and fashion model who became the first male winner of America 's Next Top Model ."}]}, {'value': 'Nu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Purdue_University', 'summary': 'Purdue University is a public research university in West Lafayette , Indiana , and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system . The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money to establish a college of science , technology , and agriculture in his name . The first classes were held on September 16 , 1874 , with six instructors and 39 students . The main campus in West Lafayette offers more than 200 majors for undergraduates , over 69 masters and doctoral programs , and professional degrees in pharmacy and veterinary medicine . In addition , Purdue has 18 intercollegiate sports teams and more than 900 student organizations . Purdue is a member of the Big Ten Conference and enrolls the second largest student body of any university in Indiana , as well as the fourth largest foreign student population of any university in the United States . Purdue University is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . Purdue has 25 American astronauts as alumni and as of April 2019 , the university has been associated with 13 Nobel Prizes .'}]}, {'value': "Former American football wide receiver and fashion model , who became the first male winner of America 's Next Top Model", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/America's_Next_Top_Model", 'summary': "America 's Next Top Model ( abbreviated ANTM and Top Model ) is an American reality television series and interactive competition in which a number of aspiring models compete for the title of America 's Next Top Model and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry . Created by Tyra Banks , who also serves as an executive producer , and developed by Ken Mok and Kenya Barris , the series premiered in May 2003 , and aired semiannually until 2012 , then annually from 2013 . The first six seasons ( referred to as cycles ) aired on UPN , before UPN merged with The WB to create The CW in 2006 . The following sixteen cycles aired on The CW until the series was first cancelled in October 2015 . The series was revived in 2016 and has been airing on VH1 ever since . The series was among the highest-rated programs on UPN and was the highest-rated show on The CW from 2007 to 2010 . Advertisers paid $ 61,315 per 30-second slot during the 2011-12 television season , the highest of any series on The CW . The first 22 cycles of the series and cycle 24 were presented by Banks , while cycle 23 was presented by Rita Ora . The series also employs a panel of two or three additional judges , a creative director and a runway coach . Cycles 1-16 , 19 and 23-24 each consisted of a cast of 10-15 female contestants with no previous participation on the series . Cycle 17 's cast consisted entirely of previous participants , while cycle 18 's had seven new contestants and seven former Britain 's Next Top Model participants . Cycles 20-22 featured male contestants in the contest , including two male winners ."}]}, {'value': 'Joe Clair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Clair', 'summary': "Joe Clair ( born 1967 ) , also known by the nickname Joe Cleezy , is an American stand-up comedian , Radio Personality , VJ and actor . A native of the Seat Pleasant , Maryland suburb of Washington , D.C. , Clair is best known as a former host of BET 's Rap City from 1994 to 1999 . He currently hosts his own morning drive time show on WPGC-FM in Washington , D.C. from 5:50am-10am . Clair earned a Bachelor 's Degree in psychology from Morgan State University in Baltimore , Maryland . Aside from his work as host of Rap City , Clair has also hosted several radio shows and appeared on the stand-up comedy shows Def Comedy Jam and ComicView . Clair was named morning drive time host at WPGC-FM in his hometown of Washington , D.C. in February 2015 . As an actor , Clair has appeared in several films , most notably the 1992 horror film Ax 'Em , where he plays the role of Tony ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Iota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morgan_State_University', 'summary': "Morgan State University ( MSU , Morgan State , or Morgan ) is a public historically black ( HBCU ) research university in Baltimore , Maryland . It is the largest of Maryland 's HBCUs . In 1867 , the university , then known as the Centenary Biblical Institute , changed its name to Morgan College to honor Reverend Lyttleton Morgan , the first chairman of its board of trustees and a land donor to the college . It became a university in 1975 . MSU is a member of Thurgood Marshall College Fund . Although a public institution , MSU is not a part of the University System of Maryland ."}]}, {'value': "Television host , best known for hosting BET 's Rap City", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Entertainment_Television', 'summary': "Black Entertainment Television ( BET ) is an American pay television channel that is part of the ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks unit of ViacomCBS . It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences , with approximately 88,255,000 American households ( 75.8% of households with television ) receiving the channel . The channel has offices in New York City , Los Angeles , and Chicago . The channel 's former headquarters were in Washington , D.C . Programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films . The network has also aired a variety of stand-up comedy , news , and current affairs programs , and formerly aired mainstream rap , hip-hop and R & B music videos ; the latter of which now air on its branded sister networks ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rap_City_(BET_program)', 'summary': 'Rap City is a music video television program block that originally aired on the Black Entertainment Television ( BET ) network from August 11 , 1989 , to November 8 , 2008 . The program was an exclusive showcase for hip hop music videos , and features interviews with and freestyles from popular rappers , and often has guest DJs serve as co-hosts .'}]}, {'value': 'Aaron Douglas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Douglas', 'summary': 'Aaron Douglas ( May 26 , 1899 - February 2 , 1979 ) was an American painter , illustrator and visual arts educator . He was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance . He developed his art career painting murals and creating illustrations that addressed social issues around race and segregation in the United States by utilizing African-centric imagery . Douglas set the stage for young , African-American artists to enter public arts realm through his involvement with the Harlem Artists Guild . In 1944 , he concluded his art career by founding the Art Department at Fisk University in Nashville , Tennessee . He taught visual art classes at Fisk until his retirement in 1966 . Douglas is known as a prominent leader in modern African-American art whose work influenced artists for years to come .'}]}, {'value': 'Eta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Nebraska', 'summary': "The University of Nebraska-Lincoln ( Nebraska , UNL , or NU ) is a public research university in Lincoln , Nebraska . It is the state 's oldest university and the largest in the University of Nebraska system . The state legislature chartered the university in 1869 as a land-grant university under the 1862 Morrill Act , two years after Nebraska became a state . Around the turn of the 20th century , the university began to expand significantly , hiring professors from eastern schools to teach its new professional programs and conducting groundbreaking research in agricultural sciences . The Nebraska method of ecological study developed during this time pioneered grassland ecology and laid the foundation for research in theoretical ecology for the rest of the century . The university is organized into eight colleges on two campuses in Lincoln with over 100 classroom buildings and research facilities . Nebraska 's athletic programs , known as the Cornhuskers , compete in NCAA Division I and are a member of the Big Ten Conference . NU 's football team has won 46 conference championships and claims five national championships , with an additional nine unclaimed . The school 's volleyball team has won five titles and appeared in the national semifinal nine other times . NU plays its home football games at Memorial Stadium and has sold out every game since 1962 . The stadium 's capacity of 91,585 people is famously larger than the population of Nebraska 's third-largest city ."}]}, {'value': 'American painter , illustrator and visual arts educator . He was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sam Gilliam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sam_Gilliam', 'summary': 'Sam Gilliam ( /ˈɡɪliəm/ GHIL-ee-əm ; born November 30 , 1933 ) is a color field painter and lyrical abstractionist artist . Gilliam , an African American , is associated with the Washington Color School , a group of Washington , D.C. area artists that developed a form of abstract art from color field painting in the 1950s and 1960s . His works have also been described as belonging to abstract expressionism and lyrical abstraction . He works on stretched , draped and wrapped canvas , and adds sculptural 3D elements . He is recognized as the first artist to introduce the idea of a draped , painted canvas hanging without stretcher bars around 1965 . This was a major contribution to the Color Field School . In his more recent work , Gilliam has worked with polypropylene , computer-generated imaging , metallic and iridescent acrylics , handmade paper , aluminum , steel , plywood , and plastic .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Omicron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Louisville', 'summary': "The University of Louisville ( UofL ) is a public research university in Louisville , Kentucky . It is part of the Kentucky state university system . When founded in 1798 , it was the first city-owned public university in the United States and one of the first universities chartered west of the Allegheny Mountains . The university is mandated by the Kentucky General Assembly to be a Preeminent Metropolitan Research University . The university enrolls students from 118 of 120 Kentucky counties , all 50 U.S. states , and 116 countries around the world . The University of Louisville School of Medicine is touted for the first fully self-contained artificial heart transplant surgery as well as the first successful hand transplantation in the United States . The University Hospital is also credited with the first civilian ambulance , the nation 's first accident services , now known as an emergency department ( ED ) , and one of the first blood banks in the US . Louisville is also known for its Louisville Cardinals athletics programs . Since 2005 , the Cardinals have made appearances in the NCAA Division I men 's basketball Final Four in 2005 , 2012 , and 2013 ( vacated ) , football Bowl Championship Series Orange Bowl in 2007 ( champions ) and Sugar Bowl in 2013 ( champions ) , the College Baseball World Series 2007 , 2013 , 2014 , 2017 and 2019 , the women 's basketball Final Four in 2009 ( runner-up ) , 2013 ( runner-up ) , and 2018 , and the men 's soccer national championship game in 2010 . The Louisville Cardinals Women 's Volleyball program has three-peated as champions of the Big East Tournament ( 2008 , 2009 , 2010 ) , and were Atlantic Coast Conference Champions in 2015 and 2017 . Women 's track and field program has won Outdoor Big East titles in 2008 , 2009 and 2010 and an Indoor Big East title in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Noted color field painter and lyrical abstractionist artist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Marshall Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Marshall_Jones', 'summary': 'John Marshall Jones ( born August 17 , 1962 ) is an American actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Theta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwestern_University', 'summary': "Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university based in Evanston , Illinois , with other campuses in Chicago and Doha , Qatar , and academic programs and facilities in Miami , Florida ; Washington , D.C. ; and San Francisco , California . Along with its selective undergraduate programs , Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management , Pritzker School of Law , Feinberg School of Medicine , Bienen School of Music , Medill School of Journalism , Media , Integrated Marketing Communications , School of Communication , and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science . Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program , attracting nearly $ 800 million in sponsored research each year . As of January 2020 , Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States , valued at $ 11.1 billion . The university 's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 38 Pulitzer Prize winners , six MacArthur Genius Fellows , 16 Rhodes Scholars , 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices . Northwestern 's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award , Emmy Award and Tony Award-winning actors , actresses , playwrights , writers and directors . Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the city of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory , an area that includes the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869 . Today , the main campus is a 240-acre ( 97 ha ) parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools , along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital , are located on a 25-acre ( 10 ha ) campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . In 2008 , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Max Julien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Max_Julien', 'summary': "Max Julien ( born January 1 , 1945 ) is an American actor , sculptor , and clothes designer best known for his role as Goldie in the 1973 blaxploitation film , The Mack . Julien also appeared in Def Jam 's How to Be a Player and has guest starred on TV shows such as The Mod Squad , The Bold Ones : The Protectors , and One on One . He began his career on the stage in New York 's Off-Broadway circuit including Joseph Papp 's Shakespeare-In-The-Park . Moving westward to Hollywood , he landed co-starring roles with Jack Nicholson in Psych-Out and Candice Bergen in Columbia 's box-office hit film Getting Straight . While spending time in Rome , Italy , he wrote and directed a documentary called Trestevre , then wrote the screenplay for , and subsequently co-produced , Warner Brothers 's blaxploitation classic Cleopatra Jones , which starred actress Tamara Dobson in the title role as a narcotics agent who was as skilled in martial arts as she was with firearms . Julien refused to participate in the sequel , Cleopatra Jones and the Casino of Gold , which led to his being credited instead with the film 's story and script both being based on characters created by Max Julien ."}]}, {'value': 'Xi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_University', 'summary': 'Howard University ( Howard or simply HU ) is a private , federally chartered historically black university ( HBCU ) in Washington , D.C . It is categorized among R2 : Doctoral Universities - High research activity and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education . From its outset Howard has been nonsectarian and open to people of all sexes and races . It offers more than 120 areas leading to undergraduate , graduate , and professional degrees . U.S. News & World Report ranked Howard tied for 104th among national universities , and second among historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) for 2020 . Howard is the only HBCU ranked in the top 40 on the Bloomberg Businessweek business school rankings . The Princeton Review ranked the school of business first in opportunities for minority students and in the top five for most competitive students . The National Law Journal ranked the law school among the top 25 in the nation for placing graduates at the most successful law firms .'}]}, {'value': 'Actor ; best known for his role as Goldie in the 1973 blaxploitation film , The Mack', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blaxploitation', 'summary': "Blaxploitation or blacksploitation is an ethnic subgenre of the exploitation film that emerged in the United States during the early 1970s . The films , while popular , suffered backlash for disproportionate numbers of stereotypical film characters showing bad or questionable motives , including roles as criminals . However , the genre does rank among the first in which black characters and communities are the heroes and subjects of film and television , rather than sidekicks , villains , or victims of brutality . The genre 's inception coincides with the rethinking of race relations in the 1970s . Blaxploitation films were originally aimed at an urban African-American audience , but the genre 's audience appeal soon broadened across racial and ethnic lines . Hollywood realized the potential profit of expanding the audiences of blaxploitation films across those racial lines . Variety credited Sweet Sweetback 's Baadasssss Song and the less radical , Hollywood-financed film Shaft ( both released in 1971 ) with the invention of the blaxploitation genre . Blaxploitation films were also the first to feature soundtracks of funk and soul music ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Mack', 'summary': "The Mack is a 1973 American blaxploitation film directed by California native Michael Campus , starring Max Julien and Richard Pryor . The film also stars Oscar-nominee Juanita Moore and Tony-nominated actor Dick Anthony Williams . Filmed in Oakland , California the movie follows the rise and fall of Goldie . After returning home from a 5-year prison sentence , he returns home to find his brother involved in Black nationalism . Goldie decides to take an alternative path , striving to become the city 's biggest pimp . Though reviews were less than favorable upon initial release , The Mack is considered by many critics to be the best entry in its genre . The film is often categorized as blaxploitation , but Michael Campus , Max Julien , and others involved in its production have argued that the genre label oversimplifies the film . The film 's soundtrack was recorded by Motown artist Willie Hutch ."}]}, {'value': "Cedric 'The Entertainer ' Kyles", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cedric_the_Entertainer', 'summary': "Cedric Antonio Kyles ( born April 24 , 1964 ) , better known by his stage name Cedric the Entertainer , is an American actor , stand-up comedian , and game show host . He hosted BET 's ComicView during the 1993-94 season and Def Comedy Jam in 1995 . He is best known for co-starring with Steve Harvey on The WB sitcom The Steve Harvey Show , as one of The Original Kings of Comedy , and for starring as Eddie Walker in Barbershop . He can also be seen starring on the CBS show The Neighborhood . He hosted the 12th season of the daytime version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire in 2013-14 and starred in the TV Land original series The Soul Man , which aired from 2012 until 2016 . He has also done voice work for Ice Age , the Madagascar film series , Charlotte 's Web and the Planes franchise . In 2019 , he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Mu Zeta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeast_Missouri_State', 'summary': "Southeast Missouri State University ( SEMO ) , is a public university in Cape Girardeau , Missouri . The institution , having started as a normal school , has a traditional strength in teacher education . The recent addition of the River Campus , housing the Holland School of Visual and Performing Arts , has increased the university 's commitment to education in the arts . The institution offers over 200 areas of study , including undergraduate degrees as well as master 's degrees and a cooperative Ed.D . program with the University of Missouri ."}]}, {'value': 'Comedian and actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stan Lathan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_Lathan', 'summary': "Stan Lathan ( born July 8 , 1945 ) is an American television and film director and television producer . He is executive producer and director of BET 's Real Husbands of Hollywood . He has produced and directed numerous stand-up comedy specials starring comedian Dave Chappelle , including Killin ' Them Softly , Equanimity , The Bird Revelation , and Sticks & Stones ."}]}, {'value': 'Delta Theta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University', 'summary': "The Pennsylvania State University ( Penn State or PSU ) is a state-related , land-grant , doctoral university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania . Founded in 1855 as the Farmers ' High School of Pennsylvania , Penn State conducts teaching , research , and public service . Its instructional mission includes undergraduate , graduate , professional and continuing education offered through resident instruction and online delivery . Its University Park campus , the flagship campus , lies within the Borough of State College and College Township . It has two law schools : Penn State Law , on the school 's University Park campus , and Dickinson Law , located in Carlisle , 90 miles south of State College . The College of Medicine is located in Hershey . Penn State has another 19 commonwealth campuses and 5 special mission campuses located across the state . Penn State has been labeled one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . Annual enrollment at the University Park campus totals more than 46,800 graduate and undergraduate students , making it one of the largest universities in the United States . It has the world 's largest dues-paying alumni association . The university 's total enrollment in 2015-16 was approximately 97,500 across its 24 campuses and online through its World Campus . The university offers more than 160 majors among all its campuses ."}]}, {'value': "Film director , television producer and television director ' producer of shows such as Sanford & Son and Russell Simmons ' Def Comedy Jam", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sanford_&_Son', 'summary': "Sanford and Son is an American sitcom television series that ran on the NBC television network from January 14 , 1972 , to March 25 , 1977 . It was based on the BBC Television program Steptoe and Son , which had its original broadcast run in the United Kingdom from 1962 to 1965 . Known for its edgy racial humor , running gags , and catchphrases , the series was adapted by Norman Lear and considered NBC 's answer to CBS 's All in the Family . Sanford and Son has been hailed as the precursor to many other African-American sitcoms . It was a ratings hit throughout its six-season run . While the role of Fred G. Sanford was known for his bigotry and cantankerousness , the role of Lamont Sanford was that of Fred 's long-suffering , conscientious , peacemaker son . At times both characters involved themselves in schemes , usually as a means of earning cash quickly to pay off their various debts . Other colorful and unconventional characters on the show included Aunt Esther , Grady Wilson , Bubba Bexley , and Rollo Lawson ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Def_Comedy_Jam', 'summary': "Def Comedy Jam is an HBO television series produced by Russell Simmons . The series had its original run from July 1 , 1992 to May 2 , 1997 . Simmons was inspired to make Def Comedy Jam by Jerry Lewis ' movie The Nutty Professor [ citation needed ] . The show returned on HBO 's fall lineup in 2006 . Def Comedy Jam helped to launch the careers of several African-American stand-up comedians ."}]}, {'value': 'Whitman Mayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Whitman_Mayo', 'summary': 'Whitman Blount Mayo Jr. ( November 15 , 1930 - May 22 , 2001 ) was an American actor , best known for his role as Grady Wilson on the 1970s television sitcom Sanford and Son .'}]}, {'value': 'Upsilon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UCLA', 'summary': "The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor , best known as the character Grady Wilson on the sitcom Sanford and Son', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sanford_and_Son', 'summary': "Sanford and Son is an American sitcom television series that ran on the NBC television network from January 14 , 1972 , to March 25 , 1977 . It was based on the BBC Television program Steptoe and Son , which had its original broadcast run in the United Kingdom from 1962 to 1965 . Known for its edgy racial humor , running gags , and catchphrases , the series was adapted by Norman Lear and considered NBC 's answer to CBS 's All in the Family . Sanford and Son has been hailed as the precursor to many other African-American sitcoms . It was a ratings hit throughout its six-season run . While the role of Fred G. Sanford was known for his bigotry and cantankerousness , the role of Lamont Sanford was that of Fred 's long-suffering , conscientious , peacemaker son . At times both characters involved themselves in schemes , usually as a means of earning cash quickly to pay off their various debts . Other colorful and unconventional characters on the show included Aunt Esther , Grady Wilson , Bubba Bexley , and Rollo Lawson ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Nephew Tommy Miles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_"Nephew_Tommy"_Miles', 'summary': 'Thomas Nephew Tommy Miles is an American comedian , actor and producer . He is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity . He currently co-hosts The Steve Harvey Morning Show during which he frequently makes prank phone calls . He is the nephew of comedian Steve Harvey , which is where his stage name comes from .'}]}, {'value': 'Nu Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_A&M_University', 'summary': "Texas A & M University ( Texas A & M or A & M ) is a public research university founded in 1876 and located in College Station , Texas . In 1948 , Texas A & M University became the founding member of the Texas A & M University System . As of 2017 [ update ] , Texas A & M 's student body is the largest in Texas and one of the largest in the United States . Texas A & M 's designation as a land , sea , and space grant institution - the only university in Texas to hold all three designations - reflects a range of research with ongoing projects funded by organizations such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , and the Office of Naval Research . In 2001 , Texas A & M was inducted as a member of the Association of American Universities . The school 's students , alumni - over 500,000 strong - and sports teams are known as Aggies . The Texas A & M Aggies athletes compete in 18 varsity sports as a member of the Southeastern Conference . The first public institution of higher education in Texas , the school opened on October 4 , 1876 , as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas under the provisions of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts . Originally , the college taught no classes in agriculture , instead concentrating on classical studies , languages , literature , and applied mathematics . After four years , students could attain degrees in scientific agriculture , civil and mechanical engineering , and language and literature . Under the leadership of President James Earl Rudder in the 1960s , A.M.C . desegregated , became coeducational , and dropped the requirement for participation in the Corps of Cadets ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor and comedian , best known as Nephew Tommy of The Steve Harvey Morning Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Steve_Harvey_Morning_Show', 'summary': "The Steve Harvey Morning Show is a national radio program which is currently broadcast from Los Angeles . The nationally syndicated show features host Steve Harvey and a team of comedians and commentators . The show runs approximately four hours each weekday , with a best of show airing on some affiliates on Saturdays . Harvey focuses on comedy and current events . The music includes current and past urban adult contemporary hits . Most affiliated stations are programmed for African-American listeners . An abbreviated version of the show ( usually cut down to under 90 minutes , without the music ) is also uploaded daily on the show 's YouTube channel as well as a podcast ."}]}, {'value': 'Finesse Mitchell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finesse_Mitchell', 'summary': "Alfred Langston Finesse Mitchell ( born June 12 , 1972 ) is an American actor , author and stand-up comedian . From 2003 to 2006 , he was a cast member on Saturday Night Live . Mitchell has also appeared on such television shows as Showtime at the Apollo , BET 's ComicView , Comedy Central Presents , Disney 's A.N.T . Farm and NBC 's Late Friday ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Chi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Miami', 'summary': "The University of Miami ( informally referred to as UM , UMiami , U of M or The U ) is a private research university in Coral Gables , Florida . As of 2019 [ update ] , the university enrolls 17,811 students in 12 separate colleges/schools , including the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine in Miami 's Health District , a law school on the main campus , and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science focused on the study of oceanography and atmospheric sciences on Virginia Key , with research facilities at the Richmond Facility in southern Miami-Dade County . The university offers 132 undergraduate , 148 master 's , and 67 doctoral degree programs , of which 63 are research/scholarship and four professional areas of study . Over the years , the university 's students have represented all 50 states and close to 150 foreign countries . With more than 16,000 full- and part-time faculty and staff , UM is a top 10 employer in Miami-Dade County . UM 's main campus in Coral Gables has 239 acres and over 5.7 million square feet of buildings . Research is a component of each academic division , with UM attracting $ 358.9 million in sponsored research grants in FY 2019 . UM offers a large library system with over 3.9 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage and music . UM also offers a wide range of student activities , including fraternities and sororities , a student newspaper and a radio station . UM 's intercollegiate athletic teams , collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes , compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . UM 's football team has won five national championships since 1983 and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982 ."}]}, {'value': 'Comedian , actor , writer , MC', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Y'lan Noel", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Y'lan_Noel", 'summary': "Y'lan Noel ( born August 19 , 1988 ) is an American actor . He is known for portraying Daniel King in the HBO television series Insecure ( 2016-present ) . He played the lead role in the 2018 horror film The First Purge ."}]}, {'value': 'Omicron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University', 'summary': "New York University ( NYU ) is a private research university based in New York City . Founded in 1831 , NYU 's historical campus is in Greenwich Village , Lower Manhattan . NYU is also a global university with degree-granting campuses in Abu Dhabi and Shanghai , and academic centers in Accra , Berlin , Buenos Aires , Florence , London , Los Angeles , Madrid , Paris , Prague , Sydney , Tel Aviv , and Washington , D.C . Alumni include heads of state , royalty , aristocrats , eminent scientists , inventors and entrepreneurs , media figures , founders and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies , and astronauts . As of October 2019 [ update ] , 37 Nobel Laureates , 8 Turing Award winners , 5 Fields Medalists , over 30 Academy Award winners , over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners , and hundreds of members of the National Academies of Sciences and United States Congress have been affiliated as faculty or alumni ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Powell III', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Powell_III', 'summary': "Robert Powell III is a stand-up comedian best known for his work as part of Shaquille ONeal 's All-Star Comedy Jam , on HBO 's All Def Comedy , and as an Emmy nominated guest star on Donald Glover 's Atlanta on FX . Powell currently serves as an ad spokesperson for UberEats and AdidasHoops . In December 2019 Starbucks and UberEats tapped Robert Powell III to star in the 2019 Christmas Cup Campaign . California Pizza Kitchen selected Uber Ad Spokesmen Comedian Robert Powell to roll out their new Hawaiian Pizza menu . Uber and CPK tap legendary commercial Director Stacy Wall ( known for his work with Apple , Nike , LeBron James , Samsung ) to direct the project . Stacy Wall also directed Powells commercial debut the March Madness UberEats Campaign 2019 . In his previous career in politics , he was Deputy Chief of Staff to the Mayor of his hometown , Monroe , Louisiana , Special Assistant to Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal , and Chief of Staff to Secretary of Labor Johnny Myles Riley . Powell attended the University of Louisiana at Monroe , and has a master 's degree in Political Science from Texas Christian University . Powell 's work catalog includes collaborations with Stacy Wall , Norman Lear , Shaq , Russell Simmons , HBO , California Pizza Kitchen , Adidas , Uber , UberEats , Starbucks , Andreas Nilsson [ disambiguation needed ] , McDonalds , Chloe and Hallie , Josh Forbes , I am BeckyG , and Magic Johnson . He also currently serves as President & Executive Director of his grandfather 's foundation ."}]}, {'value': 'Eta Pi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Louisiana-Monroe', 'summary': 'The University of Louisiana at Monroe ( ULM ) is a public university in Monroe , Louisiana . It is part of the University of Louisiana System .'}]}, {'value': 'Stand-Up Comedian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin A. Ross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_A._Ross', 'summary': "Kevin Andrew Ross ( born June 1 , 1963 ) is an American host of the syndicated court show America 's Court with Judge Ross , a producer , communications strategist , and former judge on the Los Angeles County Superior Court in California ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles ( CA ) Alumni Chapter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': "Host and producer of daytime syndicated legal show America 's Court with Judge Ross", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Singleton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Singleton', 'summary': 'John Daniel Singleton ( January 6 , 1968 - April 28 , 2019 ) was an American film director , screenwriter , producer , and actor . He was best known for directing Boyz n the Hood ( 1991 ) , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director , becoming , at age 24 , the first African American and youngest person to have ever been nominated for that award . Singleton was a native of South Los Angeles , and many of his films , such as Poetic Justice ( 1993 ) , Higher Learning ( 1995 ) , and Baby Boy ( 2001 ) , had themes which resonated with the contemporary urban population . He also directed the drama Rosewood ( 1997 ) and the action films Shaft ( 2000 ) , 2 Fast 2 Furious ( 2003 ) , and Four Brothers ( 2005 ) . He co-created the television crime drama Snowfall . He was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series , Movie , or Dramatic Special for The Race Card , the fifth episode of The People v. O.J . Simpson : American Crime Story .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Omega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Southern_California', 'summary': "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Director , best known for Boyz n the Hood and Rosewood ( film )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boyz_n_the_Hood', 'summary': "Boyz n the Hood is a 1991 American teen coming-of-age drama film , written and directed by John Singleton in his feature directorial debut , and stars Ice Cube , Cuba Gooding Jr. , Morris Chestnut , Laurence Fishburne , Nia Long , Regina King , and Angela Bassett . Boyz n the Hood follows Tre Styles ( Gooding Jr. ) , who is sent to live with his father Furious Styles ( Fishburne ) in South Central Los Angeles , surrounded by the neighborhood 's booming gang culture . Singleton initially developed the film as a requirement for application to film school in 1986 , and sold the script to Columbia Pictures upon graduation in 1990 . During writing , he drew inspiration from his own life and from the lives of people he knew , and insisted he direct the project . Principal photography began in September 1990 , and was filmed on location from October to November 1990 . The film is notable for being shot in sequence , and features breakout roles for Ice Cube , Gooding Jr. , and Nia Long . Boyz n the Hood premiered in Los Angeles on July 2 , 1991 , and was theatrically released in the United States ten days later . The film became a critical and commercial success , praised for its emotional weight , acting , and writing . It grossed $ 57.5 million in North America , and was nominated for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay at the 64th Academy Awards , making Singleton the youngest person and the first African-American to be nominated for Best Director . The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival . In 2002 , the United States Library of Congress deemed it culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rosewood_(film)', 'summary': 'Rosewood is a 1997 American historical drama film directed by John Singleton . While based on historic events of the 1923 Rosewood massacre in Florida , when a white mob killed black people and destroyed their town , the film introduces fictional characters and changes from historic accounts . In a major change , it stars Ving Rhames as an outsider who comes into Rosewood and inspires residents to self-defense , wielding his pistols in a fight . The supporting cast includes Don Cheadle as Sylvester Carrier , a resident who was a witness , defender of his family and victim of the riot ; and Jon Voight as John Wright , a sympathetic white store owner who lives in Rosewood . The three characters become entangled in an attempt to save people from racist whites attacking the blacks of Rosewood . Despite generally favorable reviews , the film was not a commercial success , and it was unable to recoup its $ 30 million budget at the box office . The film was entered into the 47th Berlin International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Aaron D. Spears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_D._Spears', 'summary': 'Aaron Darnell Spears ( born July 10 , 1971 , in Washington , D.C. ) is an American actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Mu Phi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarion_University_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Clarion University of Pennsylvania is a public university in Clarion , Pennsylvania . It is one of 14 universities that are part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education ( PASSHE ) . The school was founded in 1867 and offers associate , bachelor 's , and master 's degrees , post master 's certificates and a Doctorate degree ."}]}, {'value': 'Television actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernest Lee Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernest_Lee_Thomas', 'summary': "Ernest Lee Thomas ( born March 26 , 1949 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Roger Raj Thomas on the 1970s ABC sitcom What 's Happening ! ! , and its 1980s syndicated sequel , What 's Happening Now ! ! , and for his recurring role as Mr. Omar on Everybody Hates Chris ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Zeta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_State_University', 'summary': 'Indiana State University ( ISU ) is a public university in Terre Haute , Indiana . It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs . Indiana State is classified by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as a Doctoral/Research University .'}]}, {'value': "Actor , best known as Roger Raj Thomas of What 's Happening ! ! and What 's Happening Now ! !", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/What's_Happening!!", 'summary': "What 's Happening ! ! is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from August 5 , 1976 , to April 28 , 1979 , premiering as a summer series . With good ratings and reviews , and after the failure of several other series on the network , What 's Happening ! ! returned as a weekly series from November 1976 until its April 1979 conclusion ; ratings were modest . What 's Happening ! ! was loosely based on the Eric Monte-penned film Cooley High . From 1985 to 1988 , a sequel series titled What 's Happening Now ! ! aired in first-run syndication , with most of the major cast members reprising their roles . What 's Happening ! ! was Bud Yorkin 's second series after he ended his partnership with Norman Lear and Tandem Productions . The show was produced by TOY Productions , which was formed by Yorkin , Saul Turteltaub , and Bernie Orenstein after the split ."}, {'url': "/wiki/What's_Happening_Now!!", 'summary': "What 's Happening Now ! ! is an American sitcom sequel to the original ABC 1976-79 sitcom What 's Happening ! ! focusing on its main characters as adults . It aired in first-run broadcast syndication from September 7 , 1985 , to March 26 , 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Palmer Williams Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palmer_Williams_Jr.', 'summary': "Palmer Williams Jr. ( born 1965 ) is an American stage and television actor . He is best known for his role as Floyd Jackson on both Tyler Perry 's House of Payne and the sitcom Love Thy Neighbor . He appeared with his family on the popular American game show , Family Feud , on 20 May 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Beta Phi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knoxville_College', 'summary': 'Knoxville College is a historically black liberal arts college in Knoxville , Tennessee , United States , which was founded in 1875 by the United Presbyterian Church of North America . It is a United Negro College Fund member school . A slow period of decline began in the 1970s , and by 2015 , the school had an enrollment of just 11 students . In May 2015 , the College suspended classes until Fall 2016 term in hopes of reorganizing . On May 17 , 2018 , the Tennessee Higher Education Commission gave its approval for Knoxville College to once again reopen its doors and offer classes . On 1 July 2018 Knoxville College website announced resumption of enrolling students , for fall 2018 semester .'}]}, {'value': "Stage and television actor ; best known for his role as Floyd Jackson on Tyler Perry 's House of Payne and the sitcom Love Thy Neighbor", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tyler_Perry's_House_of_Payne", 'summary': "Tyler Perry 's House of Payne is an American sitcom television series created and produced by Tyler Perry that premiered in syndication on June 21 , 2006 . The series would eventually be retooled and aired TBS from June 6 , 2007 , until August 10 , 2012 . The series revolves around a multi-generational family living under one roof in Atlanta led by patriarch Curtis Payne and his wife Ella . While primarily a comedy , with elements of slapstick , House of Payne was known for featuring dark themes and subject matter , such as substance abuse and addiction . The show is also heavily serialized , with many references to past episodes , creating a continuing story arc . With a total of 254 episodes , House of Payne has aired more episodes than any other television series with a predominantly African American cast , surpassing The Jeffersons with 253 episodes , Family Matters with 215 episodes , and The Cosby Show with 202 episodes . In 2017 , the Oprah Winfrey Network ordered a spin-off series titled The Paynes , with 38 episodes and the original cast returning to reprise their roles . The series premiered on January 16 , 2018 . After a possible revival was teased on Twitter , with a script being written in 2019 , it was officially announced on February 4 , 2020 , that House of Payne would return with a ninth season to premiere on BET in the Summer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Love_Thy_Neighbor_(U.S._TV_series)', 'summary': 'Love Thy Neighbor is an American television sitcom broadcast from May 29 , 2013 to August 19 , 2017 on the Oprah Winfrey Network . The series is written , directed and executive produced by Tyler Perry . It also acquired the second highest-rated series premiere on the Oprah Winfrey Network , after another Perry program , The Haves and the Have Nots . The second season of the series premiered on Wednesday , January 8 , 2014 . The third season of Love Thy Neighbor premiered on Wednesday , January 7 , 2015 . The fourth season of the series premiered on Friday , January 8 , 2016 , while the second half premiered on July 1 , 2016 . OWN announced the fifth and final season , which premiered on Saturday , March 4 , 2017 . The second half of the series premiered on July 29 , 2017 . The series concluded on August 19 , 2017 , ending with 118 episodes in total .'}]}, {'value': 'Lee Thompson Young', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Thompson_Young', 'summary': 'Lee Thompson Young ( February 1 , 1984 - August 19 , 2013 ) was an American actor . He is best remembered for his adolescent role as the title character on the Disney Channel television series The Famous Jett Jackson ( 1998-2001 ) and as Chris Comer in the movie Friday Night Lights ( 2004 ) . His last starring role was as Boston police detective Barry Frost on the TNT police drama series Rizzoli & Isles ( 2010-14 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Omega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Southern_California', 'summary': "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': "Actor , best known for the Disney Channel 's The Famous Jett Jackson", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Kappa_Alpha_Psi_brothers_1', 'intro': 'The following is a list of notable members of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. (commonly referred to as Kappas or Nupes). These members are recognized as leaders in the arts, athletics, business, civil rights, education, government, and science. Kappa Alpha Psi was founded on the campus of Indiana University in 1911. The fraternity has more than 105,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in the United Kingdom, Germany, Korea, Japan, the Caribbean, Saint Thomas, Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and South Africa.'} | null | null | The member of Kappa Alpha Psi known for Rap City was born in what year ? | 1967 |
0ba8e308679ee1c3 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_by_net_worth', 'title': 'List of Chinese by net worth', 'header': ['China Rank', 'Name', 'Net worth ( USD )', 'Citizenship', 'Sources of wealth'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack Ma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Ma', 'summary': "Jack Ma , or Ma Yun ( Chinese : 马云 ; [ mà y̌n ] ; born 10 September 1964 ) , is a Chinese business magnate , investor , politician , and philanthropist . He is the co-founder and former executive chairman of Alibaba Group , a multinational technology conglomerate . Ma is a strong proponent of an open and market-driven economy . A prominent business leader , Ma is seen as a global ambassador for Chinese business and as such is frequently listed as one of the world 's most powerful people , with Forbes ranking him 21st on its World 's Most Powerful People list . He also serves as a role model for startup businesses . In 2017 , Ma was ranked second in the annual World 's 50 Greatest Leaders list by Fortune . In September 2018 , he announced that he would retire from Alibaba and pursue educational work , philanthropy , and environmental causes ; the following year , Daniel Zhang succeeded him as executive chairman . As of February 2020 , Ma is China 's richest man , with a net worth of $ 43.9 billion , as well as one of the wealthiest people in the world , ranked 20th by Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes . In 2019 , Forbes named Ma in its list of Asias 2019 Heroes of Philanthropy for his work supporting underprivileged communities in China , Africa , Australia , and the Middle East ."}]}, {'value': '40 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'e-commerce', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wang Jianlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wang_Jianlin', 'summary': "Wang Jianlin ( Chinese : 王健林 ; pinyin : Wáng Jiànlín ; born 24 October 1954 ) is a Chinese billionaire businessman , politician , and philanthropist . He is the founder of Dalian Wanda Group , China 's largest real estate development company , and the world 's largest movie theater operator . He owns 15% of the Spanish football club Atlético Madrid . In 2016 , Wang reached a deal with FIFA to launch the China Cup , in which national football teams compete in Asia each year . Wang has been the economic consultant for Yunnan province , as well as a construction consultant of the Guiyang government , and was named honorable citizen of Changchun city , and outstanding contributor to the construction of Dalian city . As of November 2019 , Wang is estimated by Forbes to have a net worth of $ 12.5 billion , making him one of the richest men in China ."}]}, {'value': '24.2 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'real estate', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Li Hejun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Li_Hejun', 'summary': 'Li Hejun ( Chinese : 李河君 ; born 13 August 1967 ) is a Chinese businessman . He is a former billionaire . He is the founder and chairman of Hanergy , as well as a member of the 11th/12th CPPCC National Committee , member of All-China Federation of Industry and Commerces ( ACFIC ) First Advisory Committee , vice-chairman of ACFICs 11th Executive Committee and honorary president of ACFICs New Energy Chamber of Commerce . According to Forbes , Li had a net worth of $ 10.3 billion in March 2014 , $ 21.1 billion in March 2015 , $ 3.2 billion in March 2016 , $ 1.9 billion in March 2017 , and was no longer a billionaire in March 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '21.1 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'solar power equipment', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ma Huateng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ma_Huateng', 'summary': "Ma Huateng ( Chinese : 马化腾 ; pinyin : Mǎ Huàténg , born on October 29 , 1971 ) , also known as Pony Ma , is a Chinese business magnate , investor , politician , and philanthropist . He is the founder , chairman and chief executive officer of Tencent , Asia 's most valuable company , one of the largest Internet and technology companies , and the biggest investment , gaming and entertainment conglomerates in the world . The company controls China 's biggest mobile instant messaging service and its subsidiaries provide media , entertainment , payment systems , smartphones , internet-related services , value-added services and online advertising services , both in China and globally . In 2007 , 2014 , and 2018 , Time magazine called him one of the world 's most influential people , while in 2015 , Forbes credited him as one of the world 's most powerful people . In 2017 , Fortune ranked him as among the top businessmen of the year . In 2018 , he was named one of the Most Powerful People In The World by the CEOWORLD magazine . Ma is a deputy to the Shenzhen Municipal People 's Congress and is a delegate in the 12th National People 's Congress . Being one of Fortune world 's greatest leaders , Ma is known for his low profile personality as compared to fellow Chinese businessman Jack Ma 's outgoing personality . Ma has been closely compared to American investor Warren Buffett for their similar investment philosophies , and often described as an aggressive acquisitor . As of August 2019 [ update ] , he is China 's richest man , and the 20th wealthiest in the world , with a net worth of US $ 37.7 billion . On 21 November 2017 , he surpassed both Larry Page and Sergey Brin to become the ninth richest man in the world , and the first citizen from the People 's Republic of China to enter Forbes ' top 10 richest men list ."}]}, {'value': '16.1 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'internet media', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robin Li', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robin_Li', 'summary': "Robin Li Yanhong ( Chinese : 李彦宏 ; pinyin : Lǐ Yànhóng ; born 17 November 1968 ) is a Chinese computer scientist and internet entrepreneur . He is the co-founder of the search engine Baidu , and one of the richest people in China , with a net worth of US $ 18.5 billion as of October 2017 . Li is a member of the 12th Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference . He also invented RankDex , the first web search engine with page-ranking and site-scoring algorithms , which inspired Google 's PageRank algorithm . [ citation needed ] Li studied information management at Peking University and computer science at the State University of New York at Buffalo . In 1996 , he invented RankDex , the first web search engine with page-ranking and site-scoring algorithms . In 2000 , he founded Baidu with Eric Xu . Li has been CEO of Baidu since January 2004 . The company was listed on NASDAQ on August 5 , 2005 . Li was included as one of the 15 Asian Scientists To Watch by Asian Scientist Magazine on 15 May 2011 . On August 29 , 2014 , Robin Li was appointed by the United Nations Secretary General , Mr. Ban Ki-Moon , as co-chair of the Independent Expert Advisory Group on Data Revolution for Sustainable Development ."}]}, {'value': '15.3 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'internet search', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lei Jun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lei_Jun', 'summary': 'Lei Jun ( simplified Chinese : 雷军 ; traditional Chinese : 雷軍 ; pinyin : Léi Jūn ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ lěi̯ tɕyn ] ; born 16 December 1969 ) is a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur who co-founded Xiaomi Inc , one of the largest mobile phone makers in the world , in June 2018 Xiaomi raises US $ 4.72 billion after listed at the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing .'}]}, {'value': '13.2 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'smartphones', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zong Qinghou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zong_Qinghou', 'summary': "Zong Qinghou ( Chinese : 宗庆后 ; born 1945 ) is a Chinese billionaire businessman , and the founder , chairman and CEO of the Hangzhou Wahaha Group , the leading beverage company in China . He was ranked as China 's richest man in 2012 and second-richest in 2013 , according to the China Rich List , published by Hurun Report . On the Global Rich List , he is 35th richest man in the world , with an estimated net worth of US $ 20 billion . Zong is a delegate to the Chinese National People 's Congress ."}]}, {'value': '10.3 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'beverages', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'He Xiangjian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/He_Xiangjian', 'summary': "He Xiangjian ( Chinese : 何享健 ; pinyin : Hé Xiǎngjiàn , born October 5 , 1942 ) is the co-founder of Midea , one of China 's largest appliance makers . With a net worth of $ 9.3 billion in January 2015 , he was the ninth richest person in China , and 136th richest in the world , according to Forbes . He previously ranked # 6 for Forbes list of 2010 Chinese billionaires and # 9 in Forbes list of Chinese billionaires of 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '9.9 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'home appliances', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wang Wenyin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wang_Wenyin', 'summary': 'Wang Wenyin ( Chinese : 王文银 , born 1968 ) is a Chinese businessman and chairman of Amer International Group , a Chinese company that produces cable and copper products .'}]}, {'value': '9.9 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'mining , copper products', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wei Jianjun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wei_Jianjun', 'summary': 'Wei Jianjun ( Chinese : 魏建军 ; pinyin : Wèi Jiànjūn ; born 1964 ) is a Chinese businessman , chairman of Great Wall Motors , the largest Chinese SUV manufacturer .'}]}, {'value': '8.9 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'automobiles', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liu Qiangdong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liu_Qiangdong', 'summary': "Richard Liu Qiangdong ( Chinese : 刘强东 ; born 10 March 1973 or 14 February 1974 [ Note 1 ] ) is a Chinese Internet entrepreneur . He is the founder of JD.com or Jingdong Mall , one of the leading e-commerce industry leaders in China . As of January 2018 , Liu 's net worth rose to US $ 12.7 billion with JD.com surging in its stock price . Liu was arrested on August 31 , 2018 in Minneapolis , Minnesota on suspicion of criminal sexual conduct . He was released and did not face charges ."}]}, {'value': '7.4 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'e-commerce', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wang Jing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wang_Jing_(businessman)', 'summary': 'Wang Jing ( Chinese : 王靖 ; pinyin : Wáng Jìng ; born 1972 ) is a Chinese businessman . He is the Chairman and CEO of Beijing Xinwei , a Chinese telecoms company . Among his major interests is the HK Nicaragua Canal Development Investment ( HKND ) that manages the Nicaraguan Canal and Development Project to build the Nicaragua Canal .'}]}, {'value': '6.9 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'telecom services', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Ding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Ding', 'summary': "Ding Lei ( Chinese : 丁磊 ; pinyin : Dīng Lěi ; born 1 October 1971 ) , also known as William Ding , is a Chinese billionaire businessman , and the founder and CEO of NetEase ( 163.com ) . Ding made significant contributions to the development of computer networks in mainland China . In late 2016 , Ding was looking into investing in the property sector , and travelled to Zimbabwe in December , and to the United Kingdom . As of June 2019 , Ding 's fortune was estimated to be $ 15.3 billion . In 2019 , he was ranked at # 79 on Forbes 's billionaires list ."}]}, {'value': '6.6 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'online games', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liu Yongxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liu_Yongxing', 'summary': 'Liu Yongxing ( Chinese : 刘永行 , born June 1948 ) is a Chinese businessman . He is the founder , chairman and CEO of East Hope Group , a Chinese company active in the agribusiness as well as chemical and non-ferrous metal industries . He is the honorary president of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce in Sichuan , a part-time professor at China Agricultural University , MBA lecturer , and a member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC .'}]}, {'value': '6.6 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'agribusiness', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xu Jiayin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xu_Jiayin', 'summary': "Xu Jiayin ( Chinese : 许家印 ; born 9 October 1958 ) , or Hui Ka Yan in Cantonese , is a Chinese billionaire businessman and chairman of Evergrande Group , a Chinese real estate developer . Hui is the largest shareholder of China Evergrande Group . It has more than 700 projects in more than 240 cities in China including Beijing , Shanghai , Guangzhou and Shenzhen . In 2017 , Evergrande Real Estate Group will achieve a sales amount of RMB 450 billion . The Guangzhou-based company has become China 's biggest property developer in 2016 based on sales volume and had revenue of 211.4 billion yuan ( $ 31.8 billion ) in 2016 . As of June 2019 , Xu has a net worth of US $ 30.4 billion , making him the third-richest person in China ."}]}, {'value': '6.2 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'real estate', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chan Laiwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chan_Laiwa', 'summary': "Chen Lihua ( simplified Chinese : 陈丽华 ; traditional Chinese : 陳麗華 ; born 1941 ) , rendered Chan Laiwa in Cantonese , is the founder and chairman of Fuwah International Group , one of Beijing 's largest commercial property developers . In 2014 , Forbes ranked her as the 10th richest mainland Chinese , the richest woman in China , and one of only 19 self-made female billionaires in the world . In 2015 , touchscreen entrepreneur Zhou Qunfei surpassed Chen as China 's richest woman . Chen is the founder of the China Red Sandalwood Museum , in which she is also the curator . She is also known as one of the cultural diplomats of China ."}]}, {'value': '6.1 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'real estate', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lu Zhiqiang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lu_Zhiqiang', 'summary': 'Lu Zhiqiang ( Chinese : 卢志强 ; born 1952 ) is a Chinese businessman . He is chairman of Oceanwide Holdings , a Chinese property company .'}]}, {'value': '5.9 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'diversified', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zhang Zhidong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zhang_Zhidong_(businessman)', 'summary': 'Zhang Zhidong ( Chinese : 张志东 , born 1972 ) , also known as Tony Zhang , is a Chinese businessman , co-founder , former CTO and second-largest individual shareholder of Tencent , a Chinese internet company .'}]}, {'value': '5.8 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'internet media', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guo Guangchang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guo_Guangchang', 'summary': "Guo Guangchang ( simplified Chinese : 郭广昌 ; traditional Chinese : 郭廣昌 , born February 1967 ) is a Chinese businessman and investor . He is the chairman and co-founder of Fosun International Limited , and a representative of the 12th Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference . According to Hurun Report 's 2019 China Rich List he was the 45th richest person in China . As of the end of 2019 he was listed as the 50th richest person in China by Forbes , with a net worth of $ 6.5 billion ."}]}, {'value': '5.7 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'diversified', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lu Guanqiu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lu_Guanqiu', 'summary': "Lu Guanqiu ( simplified Chinese : 鲁冠球 ; traditional Chinese : 魯冠球 ; pinyin : Lǔ Guànqiú ; 17 January 1945 - 25 October 2017 ) was a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur , and the founder of Wanxiang Group . He was the 18th richest person in China , according to the Hurun Report China Rich List 2013 , the 286th richest person in the world , and reportedly the richest person in Zhejiang Province . He was a delegate to the Chinese National People 's Congress ."}]}, {'value': '5.1 billion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'diversified', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2015 Chinese billionaires top 50 list', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Chinese_by_net_worth_2', 'intro': 'The following are partial lists of the Forbes list of Chinese billionaires (converted into USD) and is based on an annual assessment of wealth and assets compiled and published by Forbes magazine in 2019. In 2019 China had over 300 billionaires which put the country second in the world, after the United States.'} | null | null | What is the auto company of the Chinese person worth $ 8.9 billion ? | Great Wall Motors |
0ba8f2590f0b6afb | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Treasures_of_Japan_(writings:_others)', 'title': 'List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: others)', 'header': ['Name', 'Authors', 'Remarks', 'Date', 'Format', 'Present location'], 'data': [{'value': 'Buddhist Sutras at Shōmyō-ji ; Documents of Kanazawa Bunko ( 称名寺聖教 金沢文庫文書 , shōmyōji shōgyō kanazawa bunko monjo )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanazawa_Bunko', 'summary': "Kanazawa Bunko ( 金沢文庫 ) , formally titled the Kanagawa Prefectural Kanazawa-Bunko Museum , is a museum located in Kanazawa Ward , Yokohama , Japan . It features a collection of traditional Japanese and Chinese art objects , many dating from the Kamakura period . Originally build as a private library , Kanazawa Bunko was one of the two most important centers of learning in medieval Japan , with Ashikaga Gakkō being the other . The library was opened in 1275 by Hōjō Sanetoki ( 1224-76 ) , a grandson of Hōjō Yoshitoki , second regent of the Kamakura shogunate . The library 's collection has not remained intact , although some original documents remain . The existing building , built in 1990 , houses the existing collection . Kanazawa Bunko shares its name with Kanazawa-Bunko Station , which is a limited express stop station on the Keikyu Main Line of Keikyu Railways . Western side of the Temple garden with the pond is another open space , whose hill has two tunnels . One is closed with meshed wires . Another leads us to Kanazawa-Bunko Museum . The space at the mouth of the tunnels had a chateau of Kanasawa-Hojoh clan . Hojoh Sanetoki was a skilled politician and a dilettante who was already famous for his intelligence when he was 10 years old ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1100 Heian period to Meiji period , 12th-19th century', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heian_period', 'summary': 'The Heian period ( 平安時代 , Heian jidai ) is the last division of classical Japanese history , running from 794 to 1185 . The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō , or modern Kyōto . It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism , Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height . The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art , especially poetry and literature . Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface , the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan , a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family . Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family . Heian ( 平安 ) means peace in Japanese .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Meiji_period', 'summary': 'The Meiji era ( 明治 , Meiji , Japanese pronunciation : [ meꜜː ( d ) ʑi ] ) is an era of Japanese history which extended from October 23 , 1868 to July 30 , 1912 . This era represents the first half of the Empire of Japan , during which period the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonisation by European powers to the new paradigm of a modern , industrialised nation state and emergent great power , influenced by Western scientific , technological , philosophical , political , legal , and aesthetic ideas . As a result of such wholesale adoption of radically-different ideas , the changes to Japan were profound , and affected its social structure , internal politics , economy , military , and foreign relations . The period corresponded to the reign of Emperor Meiji and was succeeded upon the accession of Emperor Taishō by the Taishō era .'}]}, {'value': '16,692 ( Shōmyō-ji ) and 4,149 ( Kanazawa Bunko ) items', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanagawa Yokohama Shōmyō-ji and Kanazawa Bunko , Yokohama , Kanagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanazawa_Bunko', 'summary': "Kanazawa Bunko ( 金沢文庫 ) , formally titled the Kanagawa Prefectural Kanazawa-Bunko Museum , is a museum located in Kanazawa Ward , Yokohama , Japan . It features a collection of traditional Japanese and Chinese art objects , many dating from the Kamakura period . Originally build as a private library , Kanazawa Bunko was one of the two most important centers of learning in medieval Japan , with Ashikaga Gakkō being the other . The library was opened in 1275 by Hōjō Sanetoki ( 1224-76 ) , a grandson of Hōjō Yoshitoki , second regent of the Kamakura shogunate . The library 's collection has not remained intact , although some original documents remain . The existing building , built in 1990 , houses the existing collection . Kanazawa Bunko shares its name with Kanazawa-Bunko Station , which is a limited express stop station on the Keikyu Main Line of Keikyu Railways . Western side of the Temple garden with the pond is another open space , whose hill has two tunnels . One is closed with meshed wires . Another leads us to Kanazawa-Bunko Museum . The space at the mouth of the tunnels had a chateau of Kanasawa-Hojoh clan . Hojoh Sanetoki was a skilled politician and a dilettante who was already famous for his intelligence when he was 10 years old ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yokohama,_Kanagawa', 'summary': "Yokohama ( Japanese : 横浜 , Hepburn : Yokohama , pronounced [ jokohama ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest city in Japan by population , and the most populous municipality of Japan . It is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture . It lies on Tokyo Bay , south of Tokyo , in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu . It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area . Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan 's prominent port city following the end of Japan 's relative isolation in the mid-19th century , and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe , Osaka , Nagoya , Hakata , Tokyo , and Chiba ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Kanagawa Prefecture ( 神奈川県 , Kanagawa-ken ) is a prefecture located in Kantō region of Japan . The capital of the prefecture is Yokohama . Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area . Kanagawa Prefecture is home to Kamakura and Hakone , two popular side trip destinations from Tokyo .'}]}, {'value': 'Thirty booklets of handcopied sutras ( 三十帖冊子 , sanjūjō sasshi ) and Sutra Box with Auspicious Floral Motif and Kalavinkas ( 宝相華迦陵頻伽蒔絵𡑮冊子箱（𡑮＝土篇に「塞」） , hōsōgekaryōga makie sokusasshi bako )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalaviṅka', 'summary': "Kalaviṅka ( Sanskrit : कलविङ्क kalaviṅka ; Chinese : 迦陵頻伽 Jiālíngpínqié ; Japanese : Karyōbinga ( 迦陵頻伽 ) , Korean : 가릉빈가 ; Vietnamese : Ca Lăng Tần Già ; Burmese : ကရဝိက် ; Thai : การเวก , Malay : karawek ) is a fantastical immortal creature in Buddhism , with a human head and a bird 's torso , with long flowing tail . The kalaviṅka is said to dwell in the Western pure land and reputed to preach the Dharma with its fine voice . It is said to sing while still unhatched within its eggshell . [ citation needed ] Its voice is a descriptor of the Buddha 's voice . In Japanese text , it goes by various titles such as myōonchō ( 妙音鳥 , exquisite sounding bird ) , kōonchō ( 好音鳥 , goodly sounding bird ) among others . Edward H. Schafer notes that in East Asian religious art the Kalaviṅka is often confused with the Kinnara , which is also a half-human half-bird hybrid mythical creature , but that the two are actually distinct and unrelated ."}]}, {'value': 'Kūkai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kūkai', 'summary': 'Kūkai ( 空海 ) , also known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi ( 弘法大師 , The Grand Master Who Propagated the Buddhist Teaching ) , 774-835 , was a Japanese Buddhist monk , civil servant , scholar , poet , and artist who founded the Esoteric Shingon or mantra school of Buddhism . Shingon followers usually refer to him by the honorific title of Odaishisama ( お大師様 ) and the religious name of Henjō-Kongō ( 遍照金剛 ) . Kūkai is famous as a calligrapher and engineer . In legend he is attributed with the invention of the kana syllabary , with which the Japanese language is written to this day ( in combination with kanji ) , as well as the Iroha poem , which helped to standardise and popularise kana .'}]}, {'value': 'Sutras brought back from his 804 visit to Hui-kuo at China by Kūkai ; box presented to Tō-ji by Emperor Daigo ; originally there were 38 books , 8 of which have been lost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hui-kuo', 'summary': 'Huiguo ( Chinese : 惠果 ; pinyin : Huìguǒ ; Wade-Giles : Hui-kuo ) ( 746-805 ) was a Buddhist monk of Tang China who studied the Vajrayana tradition recently imported from India . Later Huiguo would become the teacher of Kūkai , founder of Shingon Buddhism , a prominent school of Buddhism in Japan .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tō-ji', 'summary': 'Tō-ji ( 東寺 , Tō-ji ) is a Shingon Buddhist temple in the Minami-ku ward of Kyoto , Japan . Founded in 796 , it was one of the only three Buddhist temples allowed in the city at the time it became the capital of Japan . As such it has a long history , housing treasures and documents from the early Heian period and the Tang dynasty , and with buildings in its complex covering the Kamakura , Muromachi , Momoyama , and Edo periods . Five of these buildings have been designated National Treasures in two different categories : the Lotus Flower Gate ( rengemon ) , the Miei Hall ( mieidō ) , the Golden Hall ( kondō ) and the five-storied Pagoda ( gojūnotō ) ( temple buildings ) and the Kanchiin Guest Hall ( kanchiin kyakuden ) ( residences ) . Tō-ji was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 , as part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Emperor_Daigo', 'summary': "Emperor Daigo ( 醍醐天皇 , Daigo-tennō , February 6 , 885 - October 23 , 930 ) was the 60th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession . Daigo 's reign spanned the years from 897 through 930 . He is named after his place of burial ."}]}, {'value': '0804 Heian period , 9th century ; box from 919', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heian_period', 'summary': 'The Heian period ( 平安時代 , Heian jidai ) is the last division of classical Japanese history , running from 794 to 1185 . The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō , or modern Kyōto . It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism , Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height . The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art , especially poetry and literature . Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface , the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan , a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family . Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family . Heian ( 平安 ) means peace in Japanese .'}]}, {'value': '30 bound books and one box', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto Kyoto Kyoto Ninnaji Ninna-ji , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ninna-ji', 'summary': 'Ninna-ji ( 仁和寺 , Ninna-ji ) is the head temple of the Omuro school of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism . Located in western Kyoto , Japan , it was founded in AD 888 by the retired Emperor Uda . It is part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto , a UNESCO World Heritage Site .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyoto', 'summary': "Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown ."}]}, {'value': 'Teachings of the monk Shunyū ( 淳祐内供筆聖経 , shunyū naiku hitsu shōgyō ) or Fragrant teachings ( 薫聖経 , nioi no shōgyō )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shunyū/Junyū ( 淳祐 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0900 Heian period , 10th century', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heian_period', 'summary': 'The Heian period ( 平安時代 , Heian jidai ) is the last division of classical Japanese history , running from 794 to 1185 . The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō , or modern Kyōto . It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism , Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height . The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art , especially poetry and literature . Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface , the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan , a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family . Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family . Heian ( 平安 ) means peace in Japanese .'}]}, {'value': '60 scrolls , one bound book', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scroll', 'summary': 'A scroll ( from the Old French escroe or escroue ) , also known as a roll , is a roll of papyrus , parchment , or paper containing writing .'}]}, {'value': 'Shiga Otsu Ishiyamadera Ishiyama-dera , Ōtsu , Shiga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ishiyama-dera', 'summary': "Ishiyama-dera ( 石山寺 , Stony Mountain Temple ) is a Shingon temple in Ōtsu in Japan 's Shiga Prefecture . This temple is the thirteenth of the Kansai Kannon Pilgrimage ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ōtsu,_Shiga', 'summary': 'Ōtsu ( 大津市 , Ōtsu-shi ) is the capital city of Shiga Prefecture , Japan . Ōtsu is known as the main port of Lake Biwa , the largest lake in Japan . It briefly served as the capital of Japan from 667 to 672 AD during the Asuka period ( 538 - 710 ) . The city is home to numerous sites of historical importance , notably the temples of Mii-dera , Ishiyama-dera , and Enryaku-ji and the Hiyoshi Taisha shrine . Enryaku-ji is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto ( Kyoto , Uji and Otsu Cities ) . Ōtsu was incorporated as a town on April 1 , 1889 . In October 1 , 1898 , Ōtsu-town was officially changed to Ōtsu-city . As of October 1 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 341,187 and a population density of 730 persons per km2 . The total area is 464.51 km2 ( 179 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture', 'summary': "Shiga Prefecture ( 滋賀県 , Shiga-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Shiga Prefecture has a population of 1,412,916 ( 1 October 2015 ) and has a geographic area of 4,017 km² ( 1,551 sq mi ) . Shiga Prefecture borders Fukui Prefecture to the north , Gifu Prefecture to the northeast , Mie Prefecture to the southeast , and Kyoto Prefecture to the west . Ōtsu is the capital and largest city of Shiga Prefecture , with other major cities including Kusatsu , Nagahama , and Higashiōmi . Shiga Prefecture encircles Lake Biwa , the largest freshwater lake in Japan , and 37% of the total land area is designated as Natural Parks , the highest of any prefecture . Shiga Prefecture 's southern half is located adjacent to the former capital city of Kyoto and forms part of Greater Kyoto , the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Japan . Shiga Prefecture is home to Ōmi beef , the Eight Views of Ōmi , and Hikone Castle , one of four national treasure castles in Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Segment of the Kongōhannyakyō Sutra Commentary ( 金剛般若経開題残巻 , Kongōhannyakyō kaidai zankan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prajnaparamita', 'summary': "Prajñāpāramitā means the Perfection of ( Transcendent ) Wisdom in Mahāyāna Buddhism . Prajñāpāramitā refers to this perfected way of seeing the nature of reality , as well as to a particular body of sutras and to the personification of the concept in the Bodhisattva known as the Great Mother ( Tibetan : Yum Chenmo ) . The word Prajñāpāramitā combines the Sanskrit words prajñā wisdom with pāramitā perfection . Prajñāpāramitā is a central concept in Mahāyāna Buddhism and is generally associated with the doctrine of emptiness ( Shunyata ) or 'lack of Svabhava ' ( essence ) and the works of Nagarjuna . Its practice and understanding are taken to be indispensable elements of the Bodhisattva path . According to Edward Conze , the Prajñāpāramitā Sutras are a collection of about forty texts . composed somewhere around Indian subcontinent between approximately 100 BC and AD 600 . Some Prajnāpāramitā sūtras are thought to be among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras . One of the important features of the Prajñāpāramitā Sutras is anutpada ( unborn , no origin ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Kūkai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kūkai', 'summary': 'Kūkai ( 空海 ) , also known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi ( 弘法大師 , The Grand Master Who Propagated the Buddhist Teaching ) , 774-835 , was a Japanese Buddhist monk , civil servant , scholar , poet , and artist who founded the Esoteric Shingon or mantra school of Buddhism . Shingon followers usually refer to him by the honorific title of Odaishisama ( お大師様 ) and the religious name of Henjō-Kongō ( 遍照金剛 ) . Kūkai is famous as a calligrapher and engineer . In legend he is attributed with the invention of the kana syllabary , with which the Japanese language is written to this day ( in combination with kanji ) , as well as the Iroha poem , which helped to standardise and popularise kana .'}]}, {'value': 'Segment of a commentary explaining the title of the Diamond Sutra . The full commentary was originally located in Sanbō-in before being cut in segments', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diamond_Sutra', 'summary': "The Diamond Sūtra ( Sanskrit : Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra ) is a Mahāyāna ( Buddhist ) sūtra from the Prajñāpāramitā sutras or 'Perfection of Wisdom ' genre . Translated into a variety of languages over a broad geographic range , the Diamond Sutra is one of the most influential Mahayana sutras in East Asia , and is particularly prominent within the Chan ( or Zen ) tradition , along with the Heart Sutra . A copy of the Tang-dynasty Chinese version of the Diamond Sūtra was found among the Dunhuang manuscripts in 1900 by Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu and sold to Aurel Stein in 1907 . They are dated back to 11 May 868 . It is , in the words of the British Library , the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book . It is also the first creative work with an explicit public domain dedication , as its colophon at the end states that it was created for universal free distribution ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sanbō-in', 'summary': 'Sanbō-in ( 三宝院 , Sanbō-in ) is a Buddhist temple in southern Kyoto , Japan , known today primarily for the quality of its garden .'}]}, {'value': '0800 Heian period , 9th century', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heian_period', 'summary': 'The Heian period ( 平安時代 , Heian jidai ) is the last division of classical Japanese history , running from 794 to 1185 . The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō , or modern Kyōto . It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism , Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height . The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art , especially poetry and literature . Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface , the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan , a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family . Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family . Heian ( 平安 ) means peace in Japanese .'}]}, {'value': 'One handscroll , ink on Japanese tissue paper , 38 lines , 28.1 cm × 131.8 cm ( 11.1 in × 51.9 in )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scroll', 'summary': 'A scroll ( from the Old French escroe or escroue ) , also known as a roll , is a roll of papyrus , parchment , or paper containing writing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Japanese_tissue', 'summary': 'Japanese tissue is a thin , strong paper made from vegetable fibers . Japanese tissue may be made from one of three plants , the kōzo plant ( Broussonetia papyrifera , paper mulberry tree ) , the mitsumata ( Edgeworthia chrysantha ) shrub and the gampi tree ( Diplomorpha sikokiana ) . The long , strong fibers of the kōzo plant produce very strong , dimensionally stable papers , and are the most commonly used fibers in the making of Japanese paper ( washi ) . Tissue made from kōzo , or kōzogami ( 楮紙 ) , comes in varying thicknesses and colors , and is an ideal paper to use in the mending of books . The majority of mending tissues are made from kōzo fibers , though mitsumata and gampi papers also are used .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara Nara Nara National Museum Nara National Museum , Nara , Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara_National_Museum', 'summary': 'The Nara National Museum ( 奈良国立博物館 , Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan ) is one of the pre-eminent national art museums in Japan .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nara_Prefecture', 'summary': "Nara Prefecture ( 奈良県 , Nara-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,348,930 ( 1 September 2017 ) and has a geographic area of 3,691 km² ( 1,425 sq mi ) . Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north , Osaka Prefecture to the northwest , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Mie Prefecture to the east . Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture , with other major cities including Kashihara , Ikoma , and Yamatokōriyama . Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast , and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures . Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Collection of documents and Buddhist sutras at Daigo-ji ( 醍醐寺文書聖教 , Daigo-ji monjo seikyō )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daigo-ji', 'summary': 'Daigo-ji ( 醍醐寺 , Daigo-ji ) is a Shingon Buddhist temple in Fushimi-ku , Kyoto , Japan . Its main devotion ( honzon ) is Yakushi . Daigo , literally ghee , is used figuratively to mean crème de la crème and is a metaphor of the most profound part of Buddhist thoughts .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Written materials including sacred teachings and documents . The items comprise the ancestral heritage of Daigo-ji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daigo-ji', 'summary': 'Daigo-ji ( 醍醐寺 , Daigo-ji ) is a Shingon Buddhist temple in Fushimi-ku , Kyoto , Japan . Its main devotion ( honzon ) is Yakushi . Daigo , literally ghee , is used figuratively to mean crème de la crème and is a metaphor of the most profound part of Buddhist thoughts .'}]}, {'value': '0710 Nara period to Meiji period , 8th-19th century', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara_period', 'summary': "The Nara period ( 奈良時代 , Nara jidai ) of the history of Japan covers the years from AD 710 to 794 . Empress Genmei established the capital of Heijō-kyō ( present-day Nara ) . Except for a five-year period ( 740-745 ) , when the capital was briefly moved again , it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until Emperor Kanmu established a new capital , Nagaoka-kyō , in 784 , before moving to Heian-kyō , modern Kyoto , a decade later in 794 . Japanese society during this period was predominately agricultural and centered around village life . Most of the villagers followed a religion based on the worship of natural and ancestral spirits named kami which is Shintoism The capital at Nara was modeled after Chang'an , the capital city of the Tang dynasty . In many other ways , the Japanese upper classes patterned themselves after the Chinese , including adopting the Chinese writing system , Chinese fashion , and a Chinese version of Buddhism ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Meiji_period', 'summary': 'The Meiji era ( 明治 , Meiji , Japanese pronunciation : [ meꜜː ( d ) ʑi ] ) is an era of Japanese history which extended from October 23 , 1868 to July 30 , 1912 . This era represents the first half of the Empire of Japan , during which period the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonisation by European powers to the new paradigm of a modern , industrialised nation state and emergent great power , influenced by Western scientific , technological , philosophical , political , legal , and aesthetic ideas . As a result of such wholesale adoption of radically-different ideas , the changes to Japan were profound , and affected its social structure , internal politics , economy , military , and foreign relations . The period corresponded to the reign of Emperor Meiji and was succeeded upon the accession of Emperor Taishō by the Taishō era .'}]}, {'value': '69,378 items , ink on paper', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto Kyoto Daigoji Daigo-ji , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyoto', 'summary': "Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown ."}]}, {'value': 'Segment of the Kongōhannyakyō Sutra commentary ( 金剛般若経開題残巻 , Kongōhannyakyō kaidai zankan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prajnaparamita', 'summary': "Prajñāpāramitā means the Perfection of ( Transcendent ) Wisdom in Mahāyāna Buddhism . Prajñāpāramitā refers to this perfected way of seeing the nature of reality , as well as to a particular body of sutras and to the personification of the concept in the Bodhisattva known as the Great Mother ( Tibetan : Yum Chenmo ) . The word Prajñāpāramitā combines the Sanskrit words prajñā wisdom with pāramitā perfection . Prajñāpāramitā is a central concept in Mahāyāna Buddhism and is generally associated with the doctrine of emptiness ( Shunyata ) or 'lack of Svabhava ' ( essence ) and the works of Nagarjuna . Its practice and understanding are taken to be indispensable elements of the Bodhisattva path . According to Edward Conze , the Prajñāpāramitā Sutras are a collection of about forty texts . composed somewhere around Indian subcontinent between approximately 100 BC and AD 600 . Some Prajnāpāramitā sūtras are thought to be among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras . One of the important features of the Prajñāpāramitā Sutras is anutpada ( unborn , no origin ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Kūkai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kūkai', 'summary': 'Kūkai ( 空海 ) , also known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi ( 弘法大師 , The Grand Master Who Propagated the Buddhist Teaching ) , 774-835 , was a Japanese Buddhist monk , civil servant , scholar , poet , and artist who founded the Esoteric Shingon or mantra school of Buddhism . Shingon followers usually refer to him by the honorific title of Odaishisama ( お大師様 ) and the religious name of Henjō-Kongō ( 遍照金剛 ) . Kūkai is famous as a calligrapher and engineer . In legend he is attributed with the invention of the kana syllabary , with which the Japanese language is written to this day ( in combination with kanji ) , as well as the Iroha poem , which helped to standardise and popularise kana .'}]}, {'value': 'Segment of a commentary explaining the title of the Diamond Sutra . The full commentary was originally located in Sanbō-in before being cut in segments . Considered to be a draft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diamond_Sutra', 'summary': "The Diamond Sūtra ( Sanskrit : Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra ) is a Mahāyāna ( Buddhist ) sūtra from the Prajñāpāramitā sutras or 'Perfection of Wisdom ' genre . Translated into a variety of languages over a broad geographic range , the Diamond Sutra is one of the most influential Mahayana sutras in East Asia , and is particularly prominent within the Chan ( or Zen ) tradition , along with the Heart Sutra . A copy of the Tang-dynasty Chinese version of the Diamond Sūtra was found among the Dunhuang manuscripts in 1900 by Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu and sold to Aurel Stein in 1907 . They are dated back to 11 May 868 . It is , in the words of the British Library , the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book . It is also the first creative work with an explicit public domain dedication , as its colophon at the end states that it was created for universal free distribution ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sanbō-in', 'summary': 'Sanbō-in ( 三宝院 , Sanbō-in ) is a Buddhist temple in southern Kyoto , Japan , known today primarily for the quality of its garden .'}]}, {'value': '0800 Heian period , 9th century', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heian_period', 'summary': 'The Heian period ( 平安時代 , Heian jidai ) is the last division of classical Japanese history , running from 794 to 1185 . The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō , or modern Kyōto . It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism , Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height . The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art , especially poetry and literature . Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface , the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan , a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family . Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family . Heian ( 平安 ) means peace in Japanese .'}]}, {'value': 'One handscroll , ink on paper , 63 lines , 27.6 cm × 202.4 cm ( 10.9 in × 79.7 in )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scroll', 'summary': 'A scroll ( from the Old French escroe or escroue ) , also known as a roll , is a roll of papyrus , parchment , or paper containing writing .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyoto Kyoto Kyoto National Museum Kyoto National Museum , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyoto_National_Museum', 'summary': "The Kyoto National Museum ( 京都国立博物館 , Kyōto Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan ) is one of the major art museums in Japan . Located in Kyoto 's Higashiyama ward , the museum focuses on pre-modern Japanese and Asian art ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyoto', 'summary': "Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown ."}]}, {'value': 'Great Sun Sutra commentary ( 大日経開題 , Dainichikyō kaidai )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahavairocana_Tantra', 'summary': 'The Mahāvairocana Tantra ( traditional Chinese : 大毘盧遮那成佛神變加持經 ; ; pinyin : Dà Pílúzhēnà Chéngfó Shénbiàn Jiāchí Jīng ; also known as 大日经 Da ri Jing ) is an important Vajrayana Buddhist text . It is also known as the Mahāvairocana Abhisaṃbodhi Tantra , or more fully as the Mahāvairocana Abhisaṃbodhi Vikurvita Adhiṣṭhāna Tantra . In Tibet it is considered to be a member of the Carya class of tantras . In Japan where it is known as the Mahāvairocana Sūtra ( Daibirushana jōbutsu jinpen kajikyō ) , it is one of two central texts in the Shingon school , along with the Vajrasekhara Sutra . Both are also part of the Tendai school .'}]}, {'value': 'Kūkai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kūkai', 'summary': 'Kūkai ( 空海 ) , also known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi ( 弘法大師 , The Grand Master Who Propagated the Buddhist Teaching ) , 774-835 , was a Japanese Buddhist monk , civil servant , scholar , poet , and artist who founded the Esoteric Shingon or mantra school of Buddhism . Shingon followers usually refer to him by the honorific title of Odaishisama ( お大師様 ) and the religious name of Henjō-Kongō ( 遍照金剛 ) . Kūkai is famous as a calligrapher and engineer . In legend he is attributed with the invention of the kana syllabary , with which the Japanese language is written to this day ( in combination with kanji ) , as well as the Iroha poem , which helped to standardise and popularise kana .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0794 early Heian period', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heian_period', 'summary': 'The Heian period ( 平安時代 , Heian jidai ) is the last division of classical Japanese history , running from 794 to 1185 . The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō , or modern Kyōto . It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism , Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height . The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art , especially poetry and literature . Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface , the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan , a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family . Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family . Heian ( 平安 ) means peace in Japanese .'}]}, {'value': 'One scroll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scroll', 'summary': 'A scroll ( from the Old French escroe or escroue ) , also known as a roll , is a roll of papyrus , parchment , or paper containing writing .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyoto Kyoto Daigoji Daigo-ji , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daigo-ji', 'summary': 'Daigo-ji ( 醍醐寺 , Daigo-ji ) is a Shingon Buddhist temple in Fushimi-ku , Kyoto , Japan . Its main devotion ( honzon ) is Yakushi . Daigo , literally ghee , is used figuratively to mean crème de la crème and is a metaphor of the most profound part of Buddhist thoughts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyoto', 'summary': "Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown ."}]}, {'value': 'Rōkoshiiki ( 聾瞽指帰 ) or Sangō Shiiki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sangō_Shiiki', 'summary': "Sangō Shiiki ( 三教指帰 ) is a dialectic allegory written by Kūkai in 797 . It is Japan 's oldest comparative ideological critique . At the time of writing , Kūkai was 24 years old . It is his debut work ."}]}, {'value': 'Kūkai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kūkai', 'summary': 'Kūkai ( 空海 ) , also known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi ( 弘法大師 , The Grand Master Who Propagated the Buddhist Teaching ) , 774-835 , was a Japanese Buddhist monk , civil servant , scholar , poet , and artist who founded the Esoteric Shingon or mantra school of Buddhism . Shingon followers usually refer to him by the honorific title of Odaishisama ( お大師様 ) and the religious name of Henjō-Kongō ( 遍照金剛 ) . Kūkai is famous as a calligrapher and engineer . In legend he is attributed with the invention of the kana syllabary , with which the Japanese language is written to this day ( in combination with kanji ) , as well as the Iroha poem , which helped to standardise and popularise kana .'}]}, {'value': 'Comparative study of Confucianism , Taoism and Buddhism', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Confucianism', 'summary': "Confucianism , also known as Ruism , is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China . Variously described as tradition , a philosophy , a religion , a humanistic or rationalistic religion , a way of governing , or simply a way of life , Confucianism developed from what was later called the Hundred Schools of Thought from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius ( 551-479 BCE ) . Confucius considered himself a recodifier and retransmitter of the theology and values inherited from the Shang ( c. 1600-1046 BCE ) and Zhou dynasties ( c. 1046-256 BCE ) for the Warring States period . Confucianism was suppressed during the Legalist and autocratic Qin dynasty ( 221-206 BCE ) , but survived . During the Han dynasty ( 206 BCE-220 CE ) , Confucian approaches edged out the proto-Taoist Huang-Lao as the official ideology , while the emperors mixed both with the realist techniques of Legalism . A Confucian revival began during the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) . In the late Tang , Confucianism developed in response to Buddhism and Taoism and was reformulated as Neo-Confucianism . This reinvigorated form was adopted as the basis of the imperial exams and the core philosophy of the scholar official class in the Song dynasty ( 960-1297 ) . The abolition of the examination system in 1905 marked the end of official Confucianism . The intellectuals of the New Culture Movement of the early twentieth century blamed Confucianism for China 's weaknesses . They searched for new doctrines to replace Confucian teachings ; some of these new ideologies include the Three Principles of the People with the establishment of the Republic of China , and then Maoism under the People 's Republic of China . In the late twentieth century Confucian work ethic has been credited with the rise of the East Asian economy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Taoism', 'summary': "Daoism ( /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ , /ˈdaʊ-/ ) , or Taoism ( /ˈtaʊ-/ ) , is a philosophical or religious tradition of Chinese origin which emphasises living in harmony with the Dao ( Chinese : 道 ; pinyin : Dào ; literally : 'the Way ' , also romanized as Tao ) . The Dao is a fundamental idea in most Chinese philosophical schools ; in Daoism , however , it denotes the principle that is the source , pattern and substance of everything that exists . Daoism differs from Confucianism by not emphasising rigid rituals and social order , but is similar in the sense that it is a teaching about the various disciplines for achieving perfection by becoming one with the unplanned rhythms of the universe called the way or dao . Daoist ethics vary depending on the particular school , but in general tend to emphasise wu wei ( action without intention ) , naturalness , simplicity , spontaneity , and the Three Treasures : 慈 compassion , 儉 frugality , and 不敢為天下先 humility . The roots of Daoism go back at least to the 4th century BCE . Early Daoism drew its cosmological notions from the School of Yinyang ( Naturalists ) , and was deeply influenced by one of the oldest texts of Chinese culture , the I Ching ( Yi Jing ) , which expounds a philosophical system about how to keep human behavior in accordance with the alternating cycles of nature . The Legalist Shen Buhai ( c. 400 - c. 337 BCE ) may also have been a major influence , expounding a realpolitik of wu wei . The Dao De Jing , a compact book containing teachings attributed to Laozi ( 老子 ; Lǎozǐ ; Lao³ Tzŭ³ ) , is widely considered the keystone work of the Daoist tradition , together with the later writings of Zhuangzi . Daoism has had a profound influence on Chinese culture in the course of the centuries , and Daoists ( 道士 ; dàoshi , masters of the Dao ) , a title traditionally attributed only to the clergy and not to their lay followers , usually take care to note distinction between their ritual tradition and the practices of Chinese folk religion and non-Taoist vernacular ritual orders , which are often mistakenly identified as pertaining to Daoism . Chinese alchemy ( especially neidan ) , Chinese astrology , Chan ( Zen ) Buddhism , several martial arts , traditional Chinese medicine , feng shui , and many styles of qigong have been intertwined with Daoism throughout history . Beyond China , Taoism also had influence on surrounding societies in Asia . Today , the Daoist tradition is one of the five religious doctrines officially recognised in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) as well as the Republic of China ( ROC ) , and although it does not travel readily from its East Asian roots , [ citation needed ] it claims adherents in a number of societies , in particular in Hong Kong , Macau , and in Southeast Asia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Buddhism', 'summary': "Buddhism ( /ˈbʊdɪzəm/ , US : /ˈbuːd-/ ) is the world 's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers , or over 7% of the global population , known as Buddhists . [ web 1 ] Buddhism encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings attributed to the Buddha and resulting interpreted philosophies . It originated in ancient India as a Sramana tradition sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE , spreading through much of Asia . Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars : Theravada ( Pali : The School of the Elders ) and Mahayana ( Sanskrit : The Great Vehicle ) . Most Buddhist traditions share the goal of overcoming suffering and the cycle of death and rebirth , either by the attainment of Nirvana or through the path of Buddhahood . Buddhist schools vary in their interpretation of the path to liberation , the relative importance and canonicity assigned to the various Buddhist texts , and their specific teachings and practices . Widely observed practices include taking refuge in the Buddha , the Dharma and the Sangha , observance of moral precepts , monasticism , meditation , and the cultivation of the Paramitas ( perfections , or virtues ) . Theravada Buddhism has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia such as Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar and Thailand . Mahayana , which includes the traditions of Pure Land , Zen , Nichiren Buddhism , Shingon and Tiantai ( Tendai ) , is found throughout East Asia . Vajrayana , a body of teachings attributed to Indian adepts , may be viewed as a separate branch or as an aspect of Mahayana Buddhism . Tibetan Buddhism , which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth-century India , is practised in the countries of the Himalayan region , Mongolia , and Kalmykia ."}]}, {'value': '0794 Heian period , 797', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heian_period', 'summary': 'The Heian period ( 平安時代 , Heian jidai ) is the last division of classical Japanese history , running from 794 to 1185 . The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō , or modern Kyōto . It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism , Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height . The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art , especially poetry and literature . Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface , the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan , a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family . Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family . Heian ( 平安 ) means peace in Japanese .'}]}, {'value': 'Two scrolls , ink on paper , 28.3 cm × 1,011 cm ( 11.1 in × 398.0 in ) ( 18 pages ) and 28.3 cm × 1,176 cm ( 11.1 in × 463.0 in ) ( 21 pages )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scroll', 'summary': 'A scroll ( from the Old French escroe or escroue ) , also known as a roll , is a roll of papyrus , parchment , or paper containing writing .'}]}, {'value': 'Wakayama Koya Reihokan Reihōkan ( owned by Kongōbu-ji ) , Kōya , Wakayama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reihōkan', 'summary': 'Kōyasan Reihōkan ( 高野山 霊宝館 , lit . Kōyasan Museum of Sacred Treasures ) is an art museum on Kōya-san , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan , preserving and displaying Buddhist art owned by temples on Kōya-san . The collection is centered around articles from the Heian and Kamakura periods and includes paintings , calligraphy , sutras , sculpture and Buddhist ritual objects . Among these are a set of the complete Buddhist canon ( issaikyō ) , writings of Kūkai and Minamoto no Yoritomo , founder of the Kamakura Shogunate , mandalas and portraits of priests . The most valuable objects have been designated as National Treasure or Important Cultural Property .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kongōbu-ji', 'summary': "Kongōbu-ji ( 金剛峯寺 ) is the ecclesiastic head temple of Koyasan Shingon Buddhism , located on Mount Kōya ( 高野山 , Kōya-san ) , Wakayama prefecture , Japan . Its name means Temple of the Diamond Mountain Peak . It is part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range UNESCO World Heritage Site . The temple was first constructed as Seigan-ji Temple in 1593 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi on the death of his mother , rebuilt in 1861 , and given its present name in 1869 . It contains many sliding screen doors painted by Kanō Tanyū ( 1602-1674 ) and members of the Kyoto Kanō school . The temples modern Banryūtei ( 蟠龍庭 rock garden ) is Japan 's largest ( 2340 square meters ) , with 140 granite stones arranged to suggest a pair of dragons emerging from clouds to protect the temple . The 413th abbot of Kongobuji is Reverend Keiho Nakanishi , who also acts as the archbishop of the Koyasan Shingon school . At the temple , visitors can listen to the sermons of the monks and participate in ajikan meditation sessions . The term ajikan refers to a fundamental breathing and meditation method of Shingon Buddhism : meditating on the letter A written using the Siddhaṃ alphabet ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kōya,_Wakayama', 'summary': 'Kōya ( 高野町 , Kōya-chō ) is a town located on a plateau atop Mt . Koya in Ito District , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . The town is known as the headquarters of the Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism . As of October 1 , 2016 , the town has an estimated population of 3,279 and a density of 24 persons per km² . The total area is 137.08 km² .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Wakayama Prefecture ( 和歌山県 , Wakayama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai region , located on the southernmost point of Honshū island . The capital is the city of Wakayama .'}]}, {'value': 'The object of devotion for observing the mind in the fifth five-hundred year period ( 観心本尊抄 , Kanjin no Honzon Shō )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nichiren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nichiren', 'summary': "Nichiren ( Kanji : 日蓮 ; born as Zen-nichi-maro ( 善日麿 ) , Dharma name : Rencho - 16 February 1222 - 13 October 1282 ) was a Japanese Buddhist priest of the Kamakura period ( 1185-1333 ) , who developed the teachings of Nichiren Buddhism , a branch school of Mahayana Buddhism . Nichiren :77:1 declared that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings suited for the Third Age of Buddhism . He advocated the repeated recitation of its title , Nam ( u ) -myoho-renge-kyo and held that Shakyamuni Buddha and all other Buddhist deities were extraordinary manifestations of a particular Buddha-nature termed Myoho - Renge that is equally accessible to all . He declared that believers of the Sutra must propagate it even under persecution . Nichiren was a prolific writer and his biography , temperament , and the evolution of his beliefs has been gleaned primarily from his own writings . :99:442 After his death , he was bestowed the title Nichiren Dai-Bosatsu ( 日蓮大菩薩 ) ( Great Bodhisattva Nichiren ) by Emperor Go-Kōgon ( 1358 ) and the title Risshō Daishi ( 立正大師 ) ( Great Teacher of Rectification ) was conferred posthumously in year 1922 by imperial edict . Today , Nichiren Buddhism includes traditional temple schools such as Nichiren-shu and Nichiren Shōshū , as well as lay movements such as Soka Gakkai , Risshō Kōsei Kai , Reiyūkai , Kenshōkai , Honmon Butsuryū-shū , Kempon Hokke , and Shōshinkai among many others . Each group has varying views of Nichiren 's teachings with claims and interpretations of Nichiren 's identity ranging from the rebirth of bodhisattva Visistacaritra to the primordial or true ( 本仏 : Honbutsu ) Buddha of the Latter Day of the Law ."}]}, {'value': "Explanation of the object of devotion in Nichiren 's teaching and description of the practice for attaining Buddhahood ; addressed to Toki Jonin , one of Nichiren 's followers", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1273-12-08 Kamakura period , December 8 , 1273', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamakura_period', 'summary': 'The Kamakura period ( 鎌倉時代 , Kamakura jidai , 1185-1333 ) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate , officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shōgun , Minamoto no Yoritomo . The period is known for the emergence of the samurai , the warrior caste , and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan . The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short re-establishment of imperial rule under Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji , Nitta Yoshisada , and Kusunoki Masashige .'}]}, {'value': 'One bound book , ink on paper , 17 pages : pages 1-12 33.0 cm × 54.2 cm ( 13.0 in × 21.3 in ) , pages 13-17 30.3 cm × 45.5 cm ( 11.9 in × 17.9 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chiba Ichikawa Hokekyoji Hokekyō-ji ( 法華経寺 ) , Ichikawa , Chiba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ichikawa,_Chiba', 'summary': 'Ichikawa City ( 市川市 , Ichikawa-shi ) is in western Chiba Prefecture , Japan , facing Tokyo across the Edogawa River . It is located approximately 20 kilometers from the center of Tokyo and has been developing as an educational and residential city . The city has a concentration of the wide-area traffic network that connects the center of Tokyo with many areas of Chiba Prefecture . Major rail routes and roads pass through the city . The northern part of the city is a prosperous agricultural region , boasting one of the highest production rates for pears in the country . There is a plenty of green space in Ichikawa , including many forests around residential areas . It is also an educational area with a variety of schools . The southern part of the city faces Tokyo Bay and plays a role in the Tokyo-Chiba industrial zone while forming a new urban residential area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Chiba Prefecture ( 千葉県 , Chiba-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region , and the Greater Tokyo Area . The sixth most populous prefecture , and 27th largest by land area , Chiba is on the east coast of Honshu and largely consists of the Bōsō Peninsula , which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay . Its capital is the city of Chiba .'}]}, {'value': 'Treatise on securing the peace of the land through the establishment of the correct teaching ( 立正安国論 , Risshō Ankoku Ron ) or On establishing the correct teaching for the peace of the land', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nichiren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nichiren', 'summary': "Nichiren ( Kanji : 日蓮 ; born as Zen-nichi-maro ( 善日麿 ) , Dharma name : Rencho - 16 February 1222 - 13 October 1282 ) was a Japanese Buddhist priest of the Kamakura period ( 1185-1333 ) , who developed the teachings of Nichiren Buddhism , a branch school of Mahayana Buddhism . Nichiren :77:1 declared that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings suited for the Third Age of Buddhism . He advocated the repeated recitation of its title , Nam ( u ) -myoho-renge-kyo and held that Shakyamuni Buddha and all other Buddhist deities were extraordinary manifestations of a particular Buddha-nature termed Myoho - Renge that is equally accessible to all . He declared that believers of the Sutra must propagate it even under persecution . Nichiren was a prolific writer and his biography , temperament , and the evolution of his beliefs has been gleaned primarily from his own writings . :99:442 After his death , he was bestowed the title Nichiren Dai-Bosatsu ( 日蓮大菩薩 ) ( Great Bodhisattva Nichiren ) by Emperor Go-Kōgon ( 1358 ) and the title Risshō Daishi ( 立正大師 ) ( Great Teacher of Rectification ) was conferred posthumously in year 1922 by imperial edict . Today , Nichiren Buddhism includes traditional temple schools such as Nichiren-shu and Nichiren Shōshū , as well as lay movements such as Soka Gakkai , Risshō Kōsei Kai , Reiyūkai , Kenshōkai , Honmon Butsuryū-shū , Kempon Hokke , and Shōshinkai among many others . Each group has varying views of Nichiren 's teachings with claims and interpretations of Nichiren 's identity ranging from the rebirth of bodhisattva Visistacaritra to the primordial or true ( 本仏 : Honbutsu ) Buddha of the Latter Day of the Law ."}]}, {'value': 'In this writing Nichiren aims to clarify the cause of a large number of natural disasters such as famines , floods , landslides and earthquakes that troubled Japan and Kamakura around the 1250s . His conclusion is that people should embrace the correct teaching . Document submitted to Hōjō Tokiyori', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hōjō_Tokiyori', 'summary': 'Hōjō Tokiyori ( 北条時頼 , June 29 , 1227 - December 24 , 1263 ) was the fifth shikken ( regent ) of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan .'}]}, {'value': '1260 Kamakura period , 1260', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamakura_period', 'summary': 'The Kamakura period ( 鎌倉時代 , Kamakura jidai , 1185-1333 ) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate , officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shōgun , Minamoto no Yoritomo . The period is known for the emergence of the samurai , the warrior caste , and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan . The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short re-establishment of imperial rule under Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji , Nitta Yoshisada , and Kusunoki Masashige .'}]}, {'value': 'One scroll , ink on paper , 29.3 cm × 1,598.2 cm ( 11.5 in × 629.2 in )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scroll', 'summary': 'A scroll ( from the Old French escroe or escroue ) , also known as a roll , is a roll of papyrus , parchment , or paper containing writing .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiba Ichikawa Hokekyoji Hokekyō-ji ( 法華経寺 ) , Ichikawa , Chiba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ichikawa,_Chiba', 'summary': 'Ichikawa City ( 市川市 , Ichikawa-shi ) is in western Chiba Prefecture , Japan , facing Tokyo across the Edogawa River . It is located approximately 20 kilometers from the center of Tokyo and has been developing as an educational and residential city . The city has a concentration of the wide-area traffic network that connects the center of Tokyo with many areas of Chiba Prefecture . Major rail routes and roads pass through the city . The northern part of the city is a prosperous agricultural region , boasting one of the highest production rates for pears in the country . There is a plenty of green space in Ichikawa , including many forests around residential areas . It is also an educational area with a variety of schools . The southern part of the city faces Tokyo Bay and plays a role in the Tokyo-Chiba industrial zone while forming a new urban residential area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Chiba Prefecture ( 千葉県 , Chiba-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region , and the Greater Tokyo Area . The sixth most populous prefecture , and 27th largest by land area , Chiba is on the east coast of Honshu and largely consists of the Bōsō Peninsula , which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay . Its capital is the city of Chiba .'}]}, {'value': 'Notes on Guidance Toward Birth in the West ( 西方指南抄 , saihō shinanshō ) or A Teaching to the Western Land or Collections Showing the Way to the West', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shinran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinran', 'summary': 'Shinran ( 親鸞 , May 21 , 1173 - January 16 , 1263 ) was a Japanese Buddhist monk , who was born in Hino ( now a part of Fushimi , Kyoto ) at the turbulent close of the Heian Period and lived during the Kamakura Period . Shinran was a pupil of Hōnen and the founder of what ultimately became the Jōdo Shinshū sect in Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Compilation of Hōnen 's ( teacher of Shinran ) words in the form of writings , letters and records of words or events", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hōnen', 'summary': "Hōnen ( 法然 , May 13 , 1133 - February 29 , 1212 ) was the religious reformer and founder of the first independent branch of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism called Jōdo-shū ( 浄土宗 , The Pure Land School ) . He is also considered the Seventh Jōdo Shinshū Patriarch . Hōnen became a Tendai initiate at an early age , but grew disaffected and sought an approach to Buddhism that anyone could follow , even during the perceived Age of Dharma Decline . After discovering the writings of the Chinese Buddhist Shandao , he undertook the teaching of rebirth in the pure land of Amitābha through nianfo or recitation of the Buddha 's name . Hōnen gathered a wide array of followers and critics . Emperor Tsuchimikado exiled Hōnen and his followers in 1207 after an incident regarding two of his disciples in addition to persuasion by influential Buddhist communities . Hōnen was eventually pardoned and allowed to return to Kyoto , where he stayed for a short time before his death ."}]}, {'value': '1256 Kamakura period , 1256', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamakura_period', 'summary': 'The Kamakura period ( 鎌倉時代 , Kamakura jidai , 1185-1333 ) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate , officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shōgun , Minamoto no Yoritomo . The period is known for the emergence of the samurai , the warrior caste , and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan . The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short re-establishment of imperial rule under Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji , Nitta Yoshisada , and Kusunoki Masashige .'}]}, {'value': 'Six books bound by fukuro-toji , 28.2 cm × 18.2 cm ( 11.1 in × 7.2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mie Tsu Senjuji Senju-ji , Tsu , Mie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Senju-ji', 'summary': 'Senju-ji ( 専修寺 ) , also known as Takadayama ( 高田山 ) , refers to a pair of temples which are the chief Buddhist temples of the Takada branch of Jōdo Shinshū , a Japanese Buddhist sect . The current head temple , Senju-ji Honzan , founded in the 15th century , is located in Mie Prefecture . The original head temple , Senju-ji Hon-ji , founded in 1225 , is located in Tochigi Prefecture . Both temples are governed by the same abbot .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tsu,_Mie', 'summary': 'Tsu ( 津市 , Tsu-shi ) is the capital city of Mie Prefecture , Japan . As of August 2015 , the city had an estimated population of 279,304 and a population density of 393 persons per km2 . The total area was 711.11 square kilometres ( 274.56 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mie_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine .'}]}, {'value': 'Contemplation Sutra commentary ( 観無量寿経註 , Kanmuryōju-kyō chū )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Contemplation_Sutra', 'summary': 'The Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra ( Sanskrit ; traditional Chinese : 佛說觀無量壽佛經 ) is a Mahayana sutra in Pure Land Buddhism , a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism . It is one of the three principle Pure Land sutras along with the Infinite Life Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra . Amitāyus is another name for the Buddha Amitābha , the preeminent figure in Pure Land Buddhism , and this sūtra focuses mainly on meditations involving complex visualization . This is reflected in the name of the sūtra , which translates to the Amitāyus Meditation Sūtra . It is generally considered by modern scholarship to be apocryphal , a composition originally written in Chinese . No Sanskrit original has been discovered and the Sanskrit name and Sanskrit versions would thus be reverse translations . :10 According to Paul Williams , a more accurate Sanskrit title for this text would be Amitāyurbuddhānusmṛti Sūtra , meaning Amitāyus Buddha-mindfulness Sūtra .'}]}, {'value': 'Shinran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinran', 'summary': 'Shinran ( 親鸞 , May 21 , 1173 - January 16 , 1263 ) was a Japanese Buddhist monk , who was born in Hino ( now a part of Fushimi , Kyoto ) at the turbulent close of the Heian Period and lived during the Kamakura Period . Shinran was a pupil of Hōnen and the founder of what ultimately became the Jōdo Shinshū sect in Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'With annotations between lines and on the margin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1200 Kamakura period , 13th century', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamakura_period', 'summary': 'The Kamakura period ( 鎌倉時代 , Kamakura jidai , 1185-1333 ) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate , officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shōgun , Minamoto no Yoritomo . The period is known for the emergence of the samurai , the warrior caste , and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan . The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short re-establishment of imperial rule under Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji , Nitta Yoshisada , and Kusunoki Masashige .'}]}, {'value': 'One scroll , ink on paper', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto Kyoto Nishi Honganji Nishi Hongan-ji , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nishi_Hongan-ji', 'summary': 'Nishi Hongan-ji ( 西本願寺 ) is a Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist temple in the Shimogyō ward of Kyoto , Japan . It is one of two Jōdo Shinshū temple complexes in Kyoto , the other being Higashi Hongan-ji . Jōdo Shinshū is a school of Pure Land Buddhism , and today Nishi Hongan-ji serves as the head temple of the organization . Established in its current location in 1591 , the origin of the temple goes back to the 14th century . Many of its building have survived from the Azuchi-Momoyama and early Edo period , making it a great example of the Japanese architecture from the 17th and 18th centuries . A total of seven Nishi Hongan-ji structures have been designated National Treasures in three different categories : the karamon , Goei-dō and Amida hall ( temple buildings ) , the Flying Cloud Pavilion , shoin and the Black study hall , including the Denrō gallery ( residences ) and the north Noh stage ( miscellaneous structure ) . Nishi Hongan-ji was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 , as part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyoto', 'summary': "Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown ."}]}, {'value': 'Amitabha Sutra commentary ( 阿弥陀経註 , Amida-kyō chū )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amitabha_Sutra', 'summary': "The Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra is one of the two Indian Mahayana sutras that describe Sukhavati , the pure land of Amitābha . This text is highly influential in East Asian Buddhism , including China , Korea , Japan , and Vietnam . This text is revered by the Jōdo Shinshū , one of Japan 's largest Buddhist congregations . The original Sanskrit versions of the Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra and Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra were translated into English by Luis Gomez in The Land of Bliss ."}]}, {'value': 'Shinran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinran', 'summary': 'Shinran ( 親鸞 , May 21 , 1173 - January 16 , 1263 ) was a Japanese Buddhist monk , who was born in Hino ( now a part of Fushimi , Kyoto ) at the turbulent close of the Heian Period and lived during the Kamakura Period . Shinran was a pupil of Hōnen and the founder of what ultimately became the Jōdo Shinshū sect in Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'With annotations between lines and on the margin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1200 Kamakura period , 13th century', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamakura_period', 'summary': 'The Kamakura period ( 鎌倉時代 , Kamakura jidai , 1185-1333 ) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate , officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shōgun , Minamoto no Yoritomo . The period is known for the emergence of the samurai , the warrior caste , and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan . The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short re-establishment of imperial rule under Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji , Nitta Yoshisada , and Kusunoki Masashige .'}]}, {'value': 'One scroll , ink on paper', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto Kyoto Nishi Honganji Nishi Hongan-ji , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nishi_Hongan-ji', 'summary': 'Nishi Hongan-ji ( 西本願寺 ) is a Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist temple in the Shimogyō ward of Kyoto , Japan . It is one of two Jōdo Shinshū temple complexes in Kyoto , the other being Higashi Hongan-ji . Jōdo Shinshū is a school of Pure Land Buddhism , and today Nishi Hongan-ji serves as the head temple of the organization . Established in its current location in 1591 , the origin of the temple goes back to the 14th century . Many of its building have survived from the Azuchi-Momoyama and early Edo period , making it a great example of the Japanese architecture from the 17th and 18th centuries . A total of seven Nishi Hongan-ji structures have been designated National Treasures in three different categories : the karamon , Goei-dō and Amida hall ( temple buildings ) , the Flying Cloud Pavilion , shoin and the Black study hall , including the Denrō gallery ( residences ) and the north Noh stage ( miscellaneous structure ) . Nishi Hongan-ji was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 , as part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyoto', 'summary': "Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown ."}]}, {'value': 'A Collection of Passages Revealing the True Teaching , Practice and realization of the Pure Land Way ( 教行信証 , Kyōgyōshinshō ) , Bandō manuscript ( 坂東本 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyōgyōshinshō', 'summary': "Kenjōdo Shinjitsu Kyōgyōshō Monrui ( 顕浄土真実教行証文類 ) , often abbreviated to Kyōgyōshinshō ( 教行信証 ) , is the magnum opus of Shinran Shonin , the founder of the Japanese Buddhist sect , Jodo Shinshu . The title is often translated as The True Teaching , Practice , and Realization of the Pure Land Way in English . The work was written after Shinran 's exile , and is believed to have been composed in the year 1224 . It represents a synthesis of various Buddhist sutras in Mahayana literature , including the Larger Sutra of Immeasurable Life , the Nirvana Sutra , the Avatamsaka Sutra and the Mahaprajñaparamita Sutra . In this way , Shinran expounds Jodo Shinshu thought . The work is divided into six chapters , not including the Preface :"}]}, {'value': 'Shinran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinran', 'summary': 'Shinran ( 親鸞 , May 21 , 1173 - January 16 , 1263 ) was a Japanese Buddhist monk , who was born in Hino ( now a part of Fushimi , Kyoto ) at the turbulent close of the Heian Period and lived during the Kamakura Period . Shinran was a pupil of Hōnen and the founder of what ultimately became the Jōdo Shinshū sect in Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Series of selections and commentaries on Buddhist sutras ; intermediate draft and only extant manuscript of the Kyōgyōshinshō with earlier versions going back to 1224', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sutra', 'summary': "Sutra ( Sanskrit : सूत्र , romanized : sūtra , lit . 'string , thread ' ) in Indian literary traditions refers to an aphorism or a collection of aphorisms in the form of a manual or , more broadly , a condensed manual or text . Sutras are a genre of ancient and medieval Indian texts found in Hinduism , Buddhism and Jainism . In Hinduism , sutras are a distinct type of literary composition , a compilation of short aphoristic statements . Each sutra is any short rule , like a theorem distilled into few words or syllables , around which teachings of ritual , philosophy , grammar , or any field of knowledge can be woven . The oldest sutras of Hinduism are found in the Brahmana and Aranyaka layers of the Vedas . Every school of Hindu philosophy , Vedic guides for rites of passage , various fields of arts , law , and social ethics developed respective sutras , which help teach and transmit ideas from one generation to the next . In Buddhism , sutras , also known as suttas , are canonical scriptures , many of which are regarded as records of the oral teachings of Gautama Buddha . They are not aphoristic , but are quite detailed , sometimes with repetition . This may reflect a philological root of sukta ( well spoken ) , rather than sutra ( thread ) . In Jainism , sutras also known as suyas are canonical sermons of Mahavira contained in the Jain Agamas as well as some later ( post-canonical ) normative texts ."}]}, {'value': '1235 Kamakura period , 1235', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamakura_period', 'summary': 'The Kamakura period ( 鎌倉時代 , Kamakura jidai , 1185-1333 ) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate , officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shōgun , Minamoto no Yoritomo . The period is known for the emergence of the samurai , the warrior caste , and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan . The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short re-establishment of imperial rule under Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji , Nitta Yoshisada , and Kusunoki Masashige .'}]}, {'value': 'Six books bound by fukuro-toji', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto Ōtani sect of Jodo Shinshu , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jodo_Shinshu', 'summary': 'Jōdo Shinshū ( 浄土真宗 , The True Essence of the Pure Land Teaching ) , also known as Shin Buddhism or True Pure Land Buddhism , is a school of Pure Land Buddhism . It was founded by the former Tendai Japanese monk Shinran . Shin Buddhism is considered the most widely practiced branch of Buddhism in Japan .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyoto', 'summary': "Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown ."}]}, {'value': 'Sanjō Wasan ( 三帖和讃 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shinran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinran', 'summary': 'Shinran ( 親鸞 , May 21 , 1173 - January 16 , 1263 ) was a Japanese Buddhist monk , who was born in Hino ( now a part of Fushimi , Kyoto ) at the turbulent close of the Heian Period and lived during the Kamakura Period . Shinran was a pupil of Hōnen and the founder of what ultimately became the Jōdo Shinshū sect in Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Three collections of hymns praising the virtue of the bodhisattva and high priest : Jōdo Wasan ( Hymns of the Pure Land ) , Kōso Wasan ( Hymns of the Pure Land Masters ) and the Shōzōmatsu Wasan ( Hymns of the Dharma - Ages )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōdo_shū', 'summary': 'Jōdo-shū ( 浄土宗 , The Pure Land School ) , also known as Jōdo Buddhism , is a branch of Pure Land Buddhism derived from the teachings of the Japanese ex-Tendai monk Hōnen . It was established in 1175 and is the most widely practiced branch of Buddhism in Japan , along with Jōdo Shinshū .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pure_Land', 'summary': 'A pure land is the celestial realm or pure abode of a buddha or bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism . The term pure land is particular to East Asian Buddhism ( Chinese : 淨土 ; pinyin : Jìngtǔ ) and related traditions ; in Sanskrit the equivalent concept is called a buddha-field ( Sanskrit buddhakṣetra ) . The various traditions that focus on pure lands have been given the nomenclature Pure Land Buddhism . Pure lands are also evident in the literature and traditions of Taoism and Bon .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jodo_Shinshu_Patriarchs', 'summary': 'Jōdo Shinshū ( 浄土真宗 , The True Essence of the Pure Land Teaching ) , also known as Shin Buddhism or True Pure Land Buddhism , is a school of Pure Land Buddhism . It was founded by the former Tendai Japanese monk Shinran . Shin Buddhism is considered the most widely practiced branch of Buddhism in Japan .'}]}, {'value': '1200 Kamakura period , 13th century', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamakura_period', 'summary': 'The Kamakura period ( 鎌倉時代 , Kamakura jidai , 1185-1333 ) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate , officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shōgun , Minamoto no Yoritomo . The period is known for the emergence of the samurai , the warrior caste , and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan . The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short re-establishment of imperial rule under Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji , Nitta Yoshisada , and Kusunoki Masashige .'}]}, {'value': 'Three books bound by fukuro-toji', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mie Tsu Senjuji Senju-ji , Tsu , Mie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Senju-ji', 'summary': 'Senju-ji ( 専修寺 ) , also known as Takadayama ( 高田山 ) , refers to a pair of temples which are the chief Buddhist temples of the Takada branch of Jōdo Shinshū , a Japanese Buddhist sect . The current head temple , Senju-ji Honzan , founded in the 15th century , is located in Mie Prefecture . The original head temple , Senju-ji Hon-ji , founded in 1225 , is located in Tochigi Prefecture . Both temples are governed by the same abbot .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tsu,_Mie', 'summary': 'Tsu ( 津市 , Tsu-shi ) is the capital city of Mie Prefecture , Japan . As of August 2015 , the city had an estimated population of 279,304 and a population density of 393 persons per km2 . The total area was 711.11 square kilometres ( 274.56 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mie_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine .'}]}, {'value': 'Universally Recommended Instructions for Zazen ( 普勧坐禅儀 , fukan zazengi )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zazen', 'summary': "Zazen ( literally seated meditation ; Japanese : 座禅 ; simplified Chinese : 坐禅 ; traditional Chinese : 坐禪 ; pinyin : zuò chán ; Wade-Giles : tso4-ch'an2 , pronounced [ tswô ʈʂʰǎn ] ) is a meditative discipline that is typically the primary practice of the Zen Buddhist tradition . The precise meaning and method of zazen varies from school to school , but in general it can be regarded as a means of insight into the nature of existence . In the Japanese Rinzai school , zazen is usually associated with the study of koans . The Sōtō School of Japan , on the other hand , only rarely incorporates koans into zazen , preferring an approach where the mind has no object at all , known as shikantaza ."}]}, {'value': 'Dōgen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dōgen', 'summary': 'Dōgen Zenji ( 道元禅師 ; 19 January 1200 - 22 September 1253 ) , also known as Dōgen Kigen ( 道元希玄 ) , Eihei Dōgen ( 永平道元 ) , Kōso Jōyō Daishi ( 高祖承陽大師 ) , or Busshō Dentō Kokushi ( 仏性伝東国師 ) , was a Japanese Buddhist priest , writer , poet , philosopher , and founder of the Sōtō school of Zen in Japan . Originally ordained as a monk in the Tendai School in Kyoto , he was ultimately dissatisfied with its teaching and traveled to China to seek out what he believed to be a more authentic Buddhism . He remained there for five years , finally training under Tiantong Rujing , an eminent teacher of the Chinese Caodong lineage . Upon his return to Japan , he began promoting the practice of zazen ( sitting meditation ) through literary works such as Fukan zazengi and Bendōwa . He eventually broke relations completely with the powerful Tendai School , and , after several years of likely friction between himself and the establishment , left Kyoto for the mountainous countryside where he founded the monastery Eihei-ji , which remains the head temple of the Sōtō school today . Dōgen is known for his extensive writing including his most famous work , the collection of 95 essays called the Shōbōgenzō , but also Eihei Kōroku , a collection of his talks , poetry , and commentaries , and Eihei Shingi , the first Zen monastic code written in Japan , among others .'}]}, {'value': "Written six years after Dōgen 's return from China", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1233 Kamakura period , 1233', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamakura_period', 'summary': 'The Kamakura period ( 鎌倉時代 , Kamakura jidai , 1185-1333 ) is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate , officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shōgun , Minamoto no Yoritomo . The period is known for the emergence of the samurai , the warrior caste , and for the establishment of feudalism in Japan . The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate and the short re-establishment of imperial rule under Emperor Go-Daigo by Ashikaga Takauji , Nitta Yoshisada , and Kusunoki Masashige .'}]}, {'value': 'One scroll , ink on paper , 28.8 cm × 319.2 cm ( 11.3 in × 125.7 in )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scroll', 'summary': 'A scroll ( from the Old French escroe or escroue ) , also known as a roll , is a roll of papyrus , parchment , or paper containing writing .'}]}, {'value': 'Fukui Eiheiji Eiheiji Eihei-ji , Eiheiji , Fukui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eihei-ji', 'summary': "Eihei-ji ( 永平寺 ) is one of two main temples of the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism , the largest single religious denomination in Japan ( by number of temples in a single legal entity ) . Eihei-ji is located about 15 km ( 9 mi ) east of Fukui in Fukui Prefecture , Japan . In English , its name means temple of eternal peace ( in Japanese , 'ei ' means eternal , 'hei ' means peaceful , and 'ji ' means Buddhist temple ) . Its founder was Eihei Dōgen who brought Sōtō Zen from China to Japan during the 13th century . The ashes of Dōgen and a memorial to him are in the Jōyōden ( the Founder 's Hall ) at Eihei-ji . William Bodiford of UCLA writes that , The rural monastery Eiheiji in particular aggrandized Dōgen to bolster its own authority vis-à-vis its institutional rivals within the Sōtō denomination . Eihei-ji is a training monastery with more than two hundred monks and nuns in residence . As of 2003 , Eihei-ji had 800,000 visitors per year , less than half the number of tourists who came ten years before . Visitors with Zen experience may participate after making prior arrangements and all visitors are treated as religious trainees . In keeping with Zen 's Mahayana tradition , the iconography in various buildings is an array of potential confusion for newcomers : at the Sanmon are four kings standing guard named Shitenno ; the Buddha hall 's main altar has three statues of Buddhas past , present and future ; the Hatto displays Kannon the bodhisattva of compassion , and four white lions ( called the a-un no shishi ) ; the Yokushitsu has Baddabara ; the Sanshokaku has a statue of Hotei ; and the Tosu displays Ucchusma ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Eiheiji,_Fukui', 'summary': 'Eiheiji ( 永平寺町 , Eiheiji-chō ) is a city located in Fukui Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 March 2018 [ update ] , the town had an estimated population of 18,746 in 6,262 households and the population density of 200 persons per km² . The total area of the town was 94.43 square kilometres ( 36.46 sq mi ) . The town is named for the famous temple of Eihei-ji .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fukui_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Fukui Prefecture ( 福井県 , Fukui-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū . Fukui Prefecture has a population of 778,943 ( 1 June 2017 ) and has a geographic area of 4,190 km² ( 1,617 sq mi ) . Fukui Prefecture borders Ishikawa Prefecture to the north , Gifu Prefecture to the east , Shiga Prefecture to the south , and Kyoto Prefecture to the southwest . Fukui is the capital and largest city of Fukui Prefecture , with other major cities including Sakai , Echizen , and Sabae . Fukui Prefecture is located on the Sea of Japan coast and is part of the historic Hokuriku region of Japan . The Matsudaira clan , a powerful samurai clan during the Edo period that became a component of the Japanese nobility after the Meiji Restoration , was headquartered at Fukui Castle on the site of the modern prefectural offices . Fukui Prefecture is home to the Kitadani Formation , the Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins , and the Tōjinbō cliff range .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Treasures -- Buddhist writings', 'section_text': "Nara period Buddhism was dominated by six state-controlled sects . They were introduced from the mainland and centred around the ancient capitals in Asuka and Nara . These schools were generally academic in nature , closely connected with the court and represented a doctrine that was far removed from the daily life of the people . [ 61 ] [ 62 ] In 804 , two Japanese monks Kūkai and Saichō travelled to China ; on their return they established Tendai and Shingon Buddhism respectively . Unlike their predecessors both esoteric schools took into account the needs of the common people . Though their origins lay in China , with time they acquired local Japanese traits . [ 62 ] [ 63 ] Generally the 9th century was a time when Chinese learning thrived in Japan . Authors produced a wide variety of works in Chinese language , including commentaries and treatises on a variety of subjects . [ 64 ] A number of new sects appeared in Japan in the 12th and 13th centuries as a natural reaction to the difficult teachings of older schools and partially motivated by the notion of mappō . [ nb 7 ] [ 65 ] Growing out of an Amida cult , the Jōdo Shinshū Pure Land school was founded in 1224 by Shinran , and attracted a following from all classes and occupations . [ 66 ] [ 67 ] Three years later , Dōgen introduced the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism emphasizing meditation and dharma practice . [ 68 ] The first truly Japanese school of Buddhism goes back to Nichiren 's proclamation of his teachings in 1253 . Nichiren Buddhism was exceptional for being militant and intolerant . [ 65 ] The central focus of Nichiren 's teaching was the veneration of the Lotus Sutra . [ 65 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Fourteen treatises and commentaries of famous Japanese monks dating from the early Heian to the Kamakura period have been designated as National Treasures . These include three commentaries by Kūkai on two of the main mantras ( Dainichikyō and Kongōhannyakyō ) of Shingon Buddhism , works by Shinran discussing Pure Land Buddhism , mappō and Amida , a manual on zazen `` seated meditation '' by Dōgen and two works by Nichiren related to his teachings . In addition two large scale collection of documents from the Nara to the Meiji period are listed here as National Treasures . [ 4 ]", 'uid': 'List_of_National_Treasures_of_Japan_(writings:_others)_1', 'intro': 'The term National Treasure has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897,\nalthough the definition and the criteria have changed since the introduction of the term. The written materials in the list adhere to the current definition, and have been designated National Treasures according to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties that came into effect on June 9, 1951. The items are selected by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology based on their especially high historical or artistic value. The list presents 104 entries from the Western Wei dynasty to the Meiji period with most dating to the period of Classical Japan and Mid-Imperial China from the 7th to 14th century. The total number of items is higher, however, since groups of related objects have been joined as single entries. The list contains various types of written materials such as sutra copies, Buddhist commentaries and teachings, poetry and letters. Some of the designated objects originated in China, and were imported at a time when writing was being introduced to Japan. The items in this list were predominantly made with a writing brush on manuscript scrolls, which was the preferred medium until the advent of commercial printing and publishing in the 17th century. In many cases the manuscripts are noted examples of calligraphy. They are housed in temples, museums, libraries or archives, shrines, universities and in private collections. The writings in this list represent about half of the 228 National Treasures in the category writings. They are complemented by 68 Japanese and 56 Chinese book National Treasures of the List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Japanese books) and the List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Chinese books).'} | null | null | What is the geographic area in square kilometers of the prefecture where a National Treasure is located that describes a means of insight into the nature of existence ? | 4,190 |
0ba9024146e6a916 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Banks', 'title': 'Jonathan Banks', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Night They Took Miss Beautiful', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Night_They_Took_Miss_Beautiful', 'summary': 'The Night They Took Miss Beautiful is a 1977 American made-for-television drama film appearing on the NBC network that was produced by Don Kirshner . The film features a large number of stars in a story about skyjacking beauty queens on a Consolidated PBY Catalina . The passengers include five beauty pageant contestants , their entourage , and a secret agent carrying a vial of a secret and highly fatal biological warfare toxin that if opened can cause a pandemic .'}]}, {'value': 'Buck', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coming Home', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coming_Home_(1978_film)', 'summary': "Coming Home is a 1978 American drama film directed by Hal Ashby from a screenplay written by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones from a story by Nancy Dowd . It stars Jane Fonda , Jon Voight , Bruce Dern , Penelope Milford , Robert Carradine and Robert Ginty . The film 's narrative follows a perplexed woman , her Marine husband , and a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran she meets while her husband is deployed in Vietnam . The film was released theatrically on February 15 , 1978 . Upon release , the film was a critical and commercial success with critics acclaiming the direction , screenplay and performances while the film grossed $ 36 million worldwide against a budget of $ 3 million becoming the 15th highest-grossing film of 1978 , while receiving eight nominations at the 51st Academy Awards , winning the Oscars for Best Actress ( Fonda ) , Best Actor ( Voight ) and Best Original Screenplay . Coming Home is one of only 12 films in history to be on two lists of rare Oscar accomplishments ; nominations for the Big Five Oscars and nominations in all acting categories ."}]}, {'value': 'Marine at Party', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Cheap Detective', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective', 'summary': 'The Cheap Detective is a 1978 American satirical comedy film written by Neil Simon and directed by Robert Moore . It stars Peter Falk as Lou Peckinpaugh , a parody of Humphrey Bogart . The film is a parody of Bogart films such as Casablanca and The Maltese Falcon . The ensemble cast includes Madeline Kahn , Louise Fletcher , Ann-Margret , Eileen Brennan , Stockard Channing , Marsha Mason , Sid Caesar , John Houseman , Dom DeLuise , Abe Vigoda , James Coco , Phil Silvers , Fernando Lamas , Nicol Williamson , Scatman Crothers , Vic Tayback and Paul Williams .'}]}, {'value': 'Cabbie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Who 'll Stop the Rain", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Who'll_Stop_the_Rain", 'summary': "Who 'll Stop the Rain is a 1978 American neo-noir film directed by Karel Reisz and starring Nick Nolte , Tuesday Weld , Michael Moriarty , and Anthony Zerbe . It was released by United Artists and produced by Herb Jaffe and Gabriel Katzka with Sheldon Schrager and Roger Spottiswoode as executive producers . The screenplay was by Judith Rascoe and Robert Stone , based on Stone 's novel Dog Soldiers ( 1974 ) , the music score by Laurence Rosenthal , and the cinematography by Richard H. Kline . The movie was entered in the 1978 Cannes Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Marine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Rose_(film)', 'summary': "The Rose is a 1979 American drama film which tells the story of a self-destructive 1960s rock star who struggles to cope with the constant pressures of her career and the demands of her ruthless business manager . The film stars Bette Midler , Alan Bates , Frederic Forrest , Harry Dean Stanton , Barry Primus , and David Keith . The story is loosely based on the life of singer Janis Joplin . Originally titled Pearl , after Joplin 's nickname which was also the title of her last album , the film was fictionalized after her family declined to allow the producers the rights to her story . It was written by Bill Kerby and Bo Goldman from a story by Kerby . It was directed by Mark Rydell . The Rose was nominated for four Academy Awards including Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Bette Midler , in her screen debut ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( Frederic Forrest ) , Best Film Editing and Best Sound . Midler performed the soundtrack album for the film , and its title track became one of her biggest hit singles ."}]}, {'value': 'Television Promoter', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Airplane !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Airplane!', 'summary': "Airplane ! ( alternatively titled Flying High ! ) is a 1980 American satirical disaster film written and directed by David and Jerry Zucker and Jim Abrahams , and produced by Jon Davison . It stars Robert Hays and Julie Hagerty and features Leslie Nielsen , Robert Stack , Lloyd Bridges , Peter Graves , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , and Lorna Patterson . The film is a parody of the disaster film genre , particularly the 1957 Paramount film Zero Hour ! , from which it borrows the plot and the central characters , as well as many elements from Airport 1975 and other films in the Airport film series . The film is known for its use of surreal humor and its fast-paced slapstick comedy , including visual and verbal puns , gags , and obscure humor . Airplane ! was released by Paramount Pictures and was a critical and financial success , grossing $ 158 million worldwide against a budget of $ 3.5 million . The film 's creators received the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Comedy , and nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy and for the BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay . In the years since its release , the film 's reputation has grown substantially . The film was ranked sixth on Bravo 's 100 Funniest Movies . In a 2007 survey by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom , it was judged the second greatest comedy film of all time , after Monty Python 's Life of Brian ."}]}, {'value': 'Gunderson', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stir Crazy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stir_Crazy_(film)', 'summary': 'Stir Crazy is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Sidney Poitier , produced by Hannah Weinstein and written by Bruce Jay Friedman . The film stars Gene Wilder and Richard Pryor as unemployed friends who are given 125-year prison sentences after being framed for a bank robbery . While in prison they befriend other prison inmates . The film reunited Wilder and Pryor who had appeared previously in the 1976 comedy thriller film Silver Streak . The film was released in the United States on December 12 , 1980 to mixed critical reviews and was a major financial success .'}]}, {'value': 'Jack Graham', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gangster Wars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gangster_Wars', 'summary': 'The Gangster Chronicles is an NBC American television crime drama miniseries starring Michael Nouri , Joe Penny , Jon Polito , Louis Giambalvo , Kathleen Lloyd , Madeleine Stowe , Chad Redding , Markie Post , Allan Arbus , James Andronica , Robert Davi , Joseph Mascolo , and narrated by E.G . Marshall .'}]}, {'value': 'Dutch Schultz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dutch_Schultz', 'summary': "Dutch Schultz ( born Arthur Simon Flegenheimer ; August 6 , 1901 - October 24 , 1935 ) was a New York City-area American mobster of the 1920s and 1930s who made his fortune in organized crime-related activities , including bootlegging and the numbers racket . Weakened by two tax evasion trials led by prosecutor Thomas Dewey , Schultz 's rackets were also threatened by fellow mobster Lucky Luciano . In an attempt to avert his conviction , Schultz asked the Commission for permission to kill Dewey , which they refused . When Schultz disobeyed them and made an attempt to kill Dewey , the Commission ordered his murder in 1935 ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frances', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frances_(film)', 'summary': "Frances is a 1982 American biographical drama film directed by Graeme Clifford from a screenplay written by Eric Bergren , Christopher De Vore , and Nicholas Kazan . The film stars Jessica Lange as Frances Farmer , a troubled actress during the 1930s whose career suffered as a result of her mental illness . It also features Kim Stanley , Sam Shepard , Bart Burns , Jonathan Banks , and Jeffrey DeMunn in supporting roles . The film chronicles Farmer 's life from her days as a high school student , her short lived film career in the 1930s , her institutionalization for alleged mental illness in the 1940s , her deinstitutionalization in the 1950s and her appearance on This Is Your Life . Frances was released theatrically on December 3 , 1982 by Universal Pictures . Lange 's performance was unanimously praised and has been cited by many ( including her ) as her best performance . At the 55th Academy Awards , it received two nominations for Lange and Stanley as Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Hitchhiker', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '48 Hrs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/48_Hrs.', 'summary': "48 Hrs . is a 1982 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Walter Hill . It is Joel Silver 's first film as a film producer . The screenplay was written by Hill , Roger Spottiswoode , Larry Gross and Steven E. de Souza . The film stars Nick Nolte and Eddie Murphy ( in his film debut and Golden Globe Award-nominated role ) as a cop and convict , respectively , who team up to catch two cop-killers , Albert Ganz and Billy Bear , played respectively by James Remar and Sonny Landham . The title refers to the amount of time they have to solve the crime . It is often credited as being the first film in the buddy cop genre , which included the subsequent films Beverly Hills Cop ( also starring Murphy ) , Lethal Weapon , Bad Boys and Rush Hour . A sequel , Another 48 Hrs. , was released on June 8 , 1990 ."}]}, {'value': 'Algren', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gremlins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gremlins', 'summary': "Gremlins is a 1984 American comedy horror film written by Chris Columbus and directed by Joe Dante . The story follows a young man who receives a strange creature called a mogwai as a pet , which then spawns other creatures who transform into small , destructive , evil monsters . It draws on legends of folkloric mischievous creatures that caused malfunctions - gremlins - in the British Royal Air Force going back to World War II . The film stars Zach Galligan and Phoebe Cates , with Howie Mandel providing the voice of Gizmo , the main mogwai character . Steven Spielberg was the film 's executive producer , with the film being produced by Michael Finnell and released by Warner Bros . It was followed by a sequel , Gremlins 2 : The New Batch , released in 1990 . Unlike the more satirical tone of the sequel ( which parodies Hollywood sequels ) , Gremlins opts for more black comedy , balanced against a Christmastime setting . Both films were the center of large merchandising campaigns . Despite being a critical and commercial success , the film was heavily criticized for some of its more violent sequences . In response to this and to similar complaints about Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , Spielberg suggested that the Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) alter its rating system , which it did within two months of the film 's release , creating a new PG-13 rating ."}]}, {'value': 'Deputy Brent', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Buckaroo_Banzai_Across_the_8th_Dimension', 'summary': "The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension , often shortened to Buckaroo Banzai , is a 1984 American science fiction film produced and directed by W. D. Richter and written by Earl Mac Rauch . It stars Peter Weller in the titular role , with Ellen Barkin , John Lithgow , Jeff Goldblum , and Christopher Lloyd . The supporting cast includes Lewis Smith , Rosalind Cash , Clancy Brown , Pepe Serna , Robert Ito , Vincent Schiavelli , and Ronald Lacey . The premise centers upon the efforts of the polymath Dr. Buckaroo Banzai , a physicist , neurosurgeon , test pilot , and musician , to save the world by defeating a band of inter-dimensional aliens called Red Lectroids from Planet 10 . The film is a cross between the action adventure and science fiction film genres and also includes elements of pulp fiction , comedy , and romance . After screenwriter W. D. Richter was introduced to novelist Earl Mac Rauch and hired him to develop a screenplay of Mac Rauch 's new character Buckaroo Banzai , Richter teamed with producer Neil Canton to pitch the script to MGM/UA studio chief David Begelman , who took it to 20th Century Fox to make the film . Box office figures were low and less than half of the film 's production costs were recovered . Some critics were put off by the complicated plot , while others like Pauline Kael enjoyed the film , with Vincent Canby calling it pure , nutty fun . Buckaroo Banzai has been adapted for books , comics , and a video game and has attracted a loyal cult following ."}]}, {'value': 'Lizardo Hospital Guard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beverly Hills Cop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop', 'summary': "Beverly Hills Cop is a 1984 American action comedy film directed by Martin Brest , written by Daniel Petrie Jr. and starring Eddie Murphy as Axel Foley , a street-smart Detroit cop who visits Beverly Hills , California to solve the murder of his best friend . Judge Reinhold , John Ashton , Ronny Cox , Lisa Eilbacher , Steven Berkoff and Jonathan Banks appear in supporting roles . This first film in the Beverly Hills Cop series shot Murphy to international stardom , won the People 's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture and was nominated for both the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1985 . It earned $ 234 million at the North American domestic box office , making it the highest-grossing film released in 1984 in the U.S ."}]}, {'value': 'Zack', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Armed and Dangerous', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Armed_and_Dangerous_(1986_film)', 'summary': 'Armed and Dangerous is a 1986 American comedy film directed by Mark L. Lester and starring John Candy , Eugene Levy , Robert Loggia and Meg Ryan . It was filmed on location in and around Los Angeles , California .'}]}, {'value': 'Clyde Klepper', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cold Steel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cold_Steel_(1987_film)', 'summary': "Cold Steel is a 1987 American thriller film directed by Dorothy Ann Puzo , and starring Brad Davis , Sharon Stone , Jonathan Banks , and Adam Ant . It was Anthony LaPaglia 's film debut ."}]}, {'value': 'Iceman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pin_(film)', 'summary': "Pin ( also known as Pin : A Plastic Nightmare ) is a 1988 Canadian horror film directed by Sandor Stern and starring David Hewlett , Cynthia Preston and Terry O'Quinn . It is based on the novel of the same name by Andrew Neiderman . The film was released direct-to-video in the United States on January 27 , 1989 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Honeymoon Academy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Honeymoon_Academy', 'summary': 'Honeymoon Academy ( also titled For Better or for Worse ) is a 1989 American comedy-drama film starring Robert Hays and Kim Cattrall . It was directed by Gene Quintano and was filmed in Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Pitt', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freejack', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Freejack', 'summary': 'Freejack is a 1992 science fiction action film directed by Geoff Murphy and starring Emilio Estevez , Mick Jagger , Rene Russo and Anthony Hopkins . The screenplay was written by Steven Pressfield , Ronald Shusett ( who also produced ) and Dan Gilroy , loosely adapted from the 1959 science fiction novel Immortality , Inc. by Robert Sheckley . The film was produced by Morgan Creek Productions and released by Warner Bros. in the United States on January 17 , 1992 . It received mostly negative reviews .'}]}, {'value': 'Michelette', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'There Goes the Neighborhood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/There_Goes_the_Neighborhood_(film)', 'summary': "There Goes the Neighborhood , released as Paydirt in most foreign countries , is a 1992 comedy film directed by Bill Phillips . The film tells a story of a dying prisoner who whispers the location of hidden loot to the facility 's psychologist Willis Embry ( Jeff Daniels ) , and , separately , three prison escapees , who all head to New Jersey to find it ."}]}, {'value': 'Handsome Harry', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boiling Point', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boiling_Point_(1993_film)', 'summary': "Boiling Point is a 1993 American action thriller film written and directed by James B. Harris , and starring Wesley Snipes , Dennis Hopper , Lolita Davidovich and Viggo Mortensen . The film was released in the United States on April 16 , 1993 . This was James B. Harris ' last film . It is based on the novel Money Men by former U.S. Secret Service agent Gerald Petievich , who co-wrote the screenplay ."}]}, {'value': 'Max Waxman', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Jonathan_Banks_0', 'intro': 'Jonathan Ray Banks (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. His first notable film roles were in the films Airplane! (1980), 48 Hrs. (1982), and Beverly Hills Cop (1984). He has received critical acclaim for his role as former police officer turned hitman Mike Ehrmantraut in the television series Breaking Bad (2009-2012) and its spin-off Better Call Saul (2015-present). Earlier he was well-reviewed as Frank McPike in Wiseguy (1987-1990). He has received six Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (1989, 2013, 2015-2017, 2019) for his work on all three series, making him the only actor with nominations as a main cast member for three different shows in this category, two of which feature him as the same character.'} | null | null | Which Oscars did the 1982 movie in which Jonathan Banks played Hitchhiker get two nods at ? | 55th |
0ba923227d7bd3b8 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Ghana_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Ghana at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flings Owusu-Agyapong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flings_Owusu-Agyapong', 'summary': 'Flings Owusu-Agyapong ( born 16 October 1988 ) is a Ghanaian sprinter . She was born in Kumasi , Ghana to parents Kwadwo Agyapong and Adwoa Akomaa and moved to Toronto , Canada when she was 9 years old . She started training with the Flying Angels athletics club after her sophomore year of high school . In 2006 and 2007 she made the Ontario provincial team for the National Scholastic Indoor Championships . Owusu-Agyapong attended Syracuse University on an athletic scholarship . While at Syracuse she broke the school records for the 55 , 60 , and 100 metres and was a two-time 2nd team All-American . She graduated from Syracuse with a Bachelor of Science in Public Health . She competed in the 100 metres and the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . She was also the flag bearer for the Ghanaian team at the opening ceremony .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics were held during the last 10 days of the games , from 12-21 August 2016 , at the Olympic Stadium . The sport of athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics was made into three distinct sets of events : track and field events , road running events , and racewalking events .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maxwell Amponsah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maxwell_Amponsah', 'summary': 'Maxwell Amponsah ( born 9 October 1986 ) is a Ghanaian boxer who qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the heavyweight event . Amponsah was the flag bearer of Ghana at the opening ceremony . However , he had to withdraw from the Olympic competition due to an unhealed broken jaw .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The boxing tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . A total of 286 competitors took part in 13 events . For the first time at an Olympic Games , women competed in three boxing events . The first Olympic gold medal in women 's boxing was awarded to Nicola Adams from Great Britain , who won the flyweight tournament on 9 August 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2010 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) and commonly known as Vancouver 2010 , informally the 21st Winter Olympics , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond , West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands , and in the nearby resort town of Whistler . Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines . Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee ( VANOC ) , headed by John Furlong . The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia . Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , Quebec , and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta . Metro Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Olympics , although Calgary is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics . They will both be surpassed by Beijing in 2022 . Following Olympic tradition , the incumbent mayor of Vancouver Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . The flag was raised on February 28 , 2006 , in a special ceremony and was on display at Vancouver City Hall until the Olympic opening ceremony . The event was officially opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean , who was accompanied by the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge . For the first time , Canada won gold in an official sport at an Olympic Games hosted at home , having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary ( although Canada won the woman 's curling event in Calgary when it was still only a demonstration sport ) . Canada clinched their first gold medal on the second day of the competition and first topped the gold medal tally on the second to last day of competition and went on to become the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah-Acheampong', 'summary': 'Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong ( born 19 December 1974 ) , nicknamed The Snow Leopard , is a Ghanaian skier and is the first person from Ghana to take part in the Winter Olympics , which he did at the 2010 Winter Olympics Vancouver , British Columbia . taking part in the slalom . He finished 53rd out of 102 participants , of whom 54 finished . He can also be seen in Season 9 Episode 11 of the hit ITV show Airline . Airline ( 1998 TV series )'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine Skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics was held in Canada at Whistler Creekside in Whistler , British Columbia , north of Vancouver . The ten events were scheduled for February 13-27 ; weather delayed the first event , the men 's downhill , two days until Monday , February 15 ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vida Anim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vida_Anim', 'summary': 'Vida Anim ( born 7 December 1983 in Accra , Greater Accra ) is a Ghanaian sprinter who specializes in the 100 and 200 metres . Together with Mavis Akoto , Monica Twum and Vida Nsiah she holds the Ghanaian record in 4 x 100 metres relay with 43.19 seconds , achieved during the heats at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . Vida Anim represented Ghana at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing competing at the 100 metres sprint . In her first round heat she placed second behind Shelly-Ann Fraser in a time of 11.47 to advance to the second round . There she improved her time to 11.32 seconds , finishing third behind Debbie Ferguson and Oludamola Osayomi . In the semi finals she was unable to qualify for the final as her time of 11.51 was only the eighth and last time of her heat , causing elimination .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew Owusu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Owusu', 'summary': "Dr. Andrew Owusu ( born July 8 , 1972 ) is a Ghanaian athlete who competed in the triple jump and long jump . His personal best in the triple jump is 17.23 meters , achieved on August 1998 in Dakar . This is the current Ghanaian record as well as the fourth best triple jump result in Africa , behind Ndabazinhle Mdhlongwa ( 17.34 m ) , Ajayi Agbebaku ( 17.26 m ) and Khotso Mokoena ( 17.25 m ) . His personal best in the long jump is 8.12 meters , achieved on June 24 , 1995 , in Saarijärvi . His personal best in the long jump was a Ghanaian record between 1995 and 2003 . He received a doctorate degree from Middle Tennessee State University in 2004 and currently serves as an associate professor in the Health and Human Performance Department at Middle Tennessee State University ( MTSU ) . He also volunteers as a Track & Field assistant coach at MTSU in the horizontal jumping events . Dr. Owusu is the country ( Ghana ) coordinator for the Ghana School-based Student Health Surveillance System ( 2006-Present ) . The latter surveillance system is jointly managed in partnership with the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) and Ghana Education Service ( GES ) . Dr. Owusu attended the Presbyterian Boys ' Secondary School ( Presec Legon ) and the University of Alabama , where he was an 8-time All-American with the Alabama Crimson Tide 's Track and Field Team , competing in the long jump and triple jump . He became the University 's record-holder in the Long Jump of Indoor Track and the Triple Jump of Outdoor Track , and was the 1996 NCAA National Champion in the Long Jump of NCAA Indoor Track and Field . He competed in the Summer 1996 Olympic Games ( Atlanta ) and 2000 Olympic Games ( Sydney ) , representing Ghana ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kennedy Osei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kennedy_Osei', 'summary': 'Kennedy Osei ( born 21 October 1966 ) is a retired Ghanaian middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 metres . He won the bronze medal at the 1991 All-Africa Games . He also competed at the World Championships in 1993 and 1997 as well as the World Indoor Championships in 1993 and 1997 , reaching the semifinals on each occasion .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , 46 events in athletics were contested , 24 for men and 22 for women . There were a total number of 2134 participating athletes from 193 countries .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moro Tijani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moro_Tijani', 'summary': 'Tijani Moro ( born 8 May 1978 ) is a Ghanaian boxer . He represented Ghana at the 1994 Commonwealth Games , where he won a bronze medal .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Boxing at the 1996 Summer Olympics took place in the Alexander Memorial Coliseum in Atlanta . The boxing schedule began on 20 July and ended on 4 August . Twelve boxing events were contested , with the participation of 355 athletes from 97 countries . There was significant controversy surrounding judging of the fight between Floyd Mayweather of the US and Serafim Todorov of Bulgaria , with Todorov winning the semi-final bout which , according to many observers , was won by Mayweather .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Myles-Mills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Myles-Mills', 'summary': "John Myles-Mills ( born April 19 , 1966 ) is a retired Ghanaian athlete who competed in the 100 and 200 metres . He represented Ghana at the Olympics in 1988 and 1992 , being the country 's flagbearer on both occasions . He also ran in the national relay team at both the 1987 and 1991 World Championships in Athletics . His teammates included Eric Akogyiram , Salaam Gariba and Emmanuel Tuffour , as well as Nelson Boateng on the Olympic team . His younger brother Leonard Myles-Mills was also a sprint athlete ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul a total number of 42 events in athletics were contested : 24 by men and 18 by women . There were a total number of 1617 participating athletes from 149 countries .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Makarios Djan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Makarios_Djan', 'summary': "Makarios Djan ( born 3 June 1955 ) is a Ghanaian sprinter . He competed in the men 's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1984 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , 41 events in athletics were contested . There were a total number of 1273 participating athletes from 124 countries . Womens marathon and womens 3000 meters were contested for the first time at these Games .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sam Bugri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sam_Bugri', 'summary': 'Sam Bugri ( born 2 April 1943 ) is a Ghanaian sprinter . He competed in the 400 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , 38 events in athletics were contested , 24 for men and 14 for women . There were a total number of 1324 participating athletes from 104 countries .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Ghana at theOlympicsIOC codeGHANOCGhana Olympic CommitteeMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances1952195619601964196819721976–19801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Winter appearances201020142018 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Ghana at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Ghana_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Ghana at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'} | null | null | What is the nickname of the person who bore the flag for Ghana at the Olympics the shortest time after Vida Anim ? | Snow Leopard |
0ba9d285eb47f545 | hybridqa | {'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACC_Men's_Soccer_Tournament", 'title': "ACC Men's Soccer Tournament", 'header': ['Year', 'Champion', 'Score', 'Runner-up', 'Venue', 'Tournament MVP'], 'data': [{'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1987_ACC_Men's_Soccer_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1987 Atlantic Coast Conference Men 's Soccer Tournament was the first edition of the ACC Men 's Soccer Tournament . The tournament decided the Atlantic Coast Conference champion and guaranteed representative into the 1987 NCAA Division I Men 's Soccer Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's soccer team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in men 's NCAA Division I soccer competition . They compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The Tar Heels won the NCAA championship in 2001 and 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '4-3*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NC State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/NC_State_Wolfpack_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The NC State Wolfpack men 's soccer team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of North Carolina State University in Raleigh , North Carolina , United States . The team is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. NC State 's first men 's soccer team was fielded in 1950 . The team plays its home games at Method Road in Raleigh , on the western edge of the NC State campus . The Hawks are coached by George Kiefer . The Wolfpack had much of their success in the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s , where over the span of 10 seasons , the Pack appeared in eight NCAA Tournaments . During this time , the Wolfpack won , to date , their only ACC Men 's Soccer Tournament title , coming in 1990 , as well as their only ACC Regular Season title , coming in 1994 . Since then , the Wolfpack have made the NCAA Tournament on three occasions , qualifying in the 2003 , 2005 and 2009 editions of the tournament . Additionally , in 1990 , the team had their deepest run in the NCAA Tournament , reaching their only College Cup in program history ."}]}, {'value': 'Duke Soccer Stadium • Durham , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koskinen_Stadium', 'summary': "Koskinen Stadium is a 4,500-seat ( 7,000-capacity ) stadium in Durham , North Carolina on the campus of Duke University . It serves as home to Duke 's soccer and lacrosse teams . The stadium is named in honor of Duke benefactors John Koskinen and Patricia Koskinen ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Durham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population to be 274,291 as of July 1 , 2018 , making it the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina , and the 79th-most populous city in the United States . The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River . Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area , which has a population of 542,710 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Research Triangle , which has a population of 2,037,430 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849 , the namesake of the city . Following the American Civil War , the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly , in part due to the tobacco industry . The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly , on April 1869 . The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later , in 1881 . It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company . Textile and electric power industries also played an important role ."}]}, {'value': 'Derek Missimo ( UNC )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's soccer team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in men 's NCAA Division I soccer competition . They compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The Tar Heels won the NCAA championship in 2001 and 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Riggs Field • Clemson , South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riggs_Field', 'summary': "Riggs Field is a 6,500-capacity soccer-specific stadium located in Clemson , South Carolina . The stadium is home to the Clemson Tigers men 's and women 's soccer teams . It has also hosted the NCAA Men 's Soccer Championship in 1987 . The stadium opened for soccer in 1980 , and was renovated in 1987 , and again in 2013 . Previous to this , it hosted a variety of the school 's athletic teams , including the football team from 1915 until 1941 and the baseball team from 1916 until 1969 . It is named after Walter Riggs , the former coach of the football team and president of Clemson ( 1910-1924 ) . Riggs Field is the fifth oldest collegiate athletic facility in the nation . As first laid out in 1915 , the football field , surrounded by a cinder track was at the east end of Riggs Field , tennis courts were in the center section , and the baseball diamond was at the west end of the space . A new baseball field was later laid out on an area of campus separate from the previous sports complex , and expanded tennis facilities replaced the former diamond . Riggs Field now generally only refers to the eastern portion where the football team played until 1941 . The cinder track was eliminated during the remodeling as a soccer venue . It is now referred to as Historic Riggs Field ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clemson,_South_Carolina', 'summary': 'Clemson ( /ˈklɛmp.sən , ˈklɛm.zən/ [ note a ] ) is a city in Pickens and Anderson counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina . Clemson is home to Clemson University ; in 2015 , the Princeton Review cited the town of Clemson as ranking # 1 in the United States for town-and-gown relations with its resident university . The population of the city was 13,905 at the 2010 census . Clemson is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson , South Carolina Combined Statistical Area . Most of the city is in Pickens County , which is part of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area . A small portion is in Anderson County , which is part of the Anderson Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'none named', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wake Forest', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wake_Forest_Demon_Deacons_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Wake Forest University Demon Deacons men 's soccer team is an amateur , NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of students attending Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem , North Carolina . They achieved their greatest result in 2007 , winning the 2007 Division I Men 's College Cup . Like all sports teams from Wake Forest , men 's soccer competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . The Deacons play their home matches at Spry Stadium on the campus of Wake Forest ."}]}, {'value': '2-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NC State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/NC_State_Wolfpack_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The NC State Wolfpack men 's soccer team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of North Carolina State University in Raleigh , North Carolina , United States . The team is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. NC State 's first men 's soccer team was fielded in 1950 . The team plays its home games at Method Road in Raleigh , on the western edge of the NC State campus . The Hawks are coached by George Kiefer . The Wolfpack had much of their success in the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s , where over the span of 10 seasons , the Pack appeared in eight NCAA Tournaments . During this time , the Wolfpack won , to date , their only ACC Men 's Soccer Tournament title , coming in 1990 , as well as their only ACC Regular Season title , coming in 1994 . Since then , the Wolfpack have made the NCAA Tournament on three occasions , qualifying in the 2003 , 2005 and 2009 editions of the tournament . Additionally , in 1990 , the team had their deepest run in the NCAA Tournament , reaching their only College Cup in program history ."}]}, {'value': 'Duke Soccer Stadium • Durham , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koskinen_Stadium', 'summary': "Koskinen Stadium is a 4,500-seat ( 7,000-capacity ) stadium in Durham , North Carolina on the campus of Duke University . It serves as home to Duke 's soccer and lacrosse teams . The stadium is named in honor of Duke benefactors John Koskinen and Patricia Koskinen ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Durham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population to be 274,291 as of July 1 , 2018 , making it the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina , and the 79th-most populous city in the United States . The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River . Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area , which has a population of 542,710 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Research Triangle , which has a population of 2,037,430 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849 , the namesake of the city . Following the American Civil War , the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly , in part due to the tobacco industry . The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly , on April 1869 . The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later , in 1881 . It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company . Textile and electric power industries also played an important role ."}]}, {'value': 'Neil Covone ( Wake )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neil_Covone', 'summary': "Neil Covone ( born August 31 , 1969 in Hialeah , Florida is a retired U.S. soccer midfielder . He played five games for the United States men 's national soccer team and was a member of the U.S. team at the 1990 FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NC State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/NC_State_Wolfpack_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The NC State Wolfpack men 's soccer team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of North Carolina State University in Raleigh , North Carolina , United States . The team is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. NC State 's first men 's soccer team was fielded in 1950 . The team plays its home games at Method Road in Raleigh , on the western edge of the NC State campus . The Hawks are coached by George Kiefer . The Wolfpack had much of their success in the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s , where over the span of 10 seasons , the Pack appeared in eight NCAA Tournaments . During this time , the Wolfpack won , to date , their only ACC Men 's Soccer Tournament title , coming in 1990 , as well as their only ACC Regular Season title , coming in 1994 . Since then , the Wolfpack have made the NCAA Tournament on three occasions , qualifying in the 2003 , 2005 and 2009 editions of the tournament . Additionally , in 1990 , the team had their deepest run in the NCAA Tournament , reaching their only College Cup in program history ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': 'Duke Soccer Stadium • Durham , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koskinen_Stadium', 'summary': "Koskinen Stadium is a 4,500-seat ( 7,000-capacity ) stadium in Durham , North Carolina on the campus of Duke University . It serves as home to Duke 's soccer and lacrosse teams . The stadium is named in honor of Duke benefactors John Koskinen and Patricia Koskinen ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Durham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population to be 274,291 as of July 1 , 2018 , making it the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina , and the 79th-most populous city in the United States . The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River . Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area , which has a population of 542,710 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Research Triangle , which has a population of 2,037,430 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849 , the namesake of the city . Following the American Civil War , the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly , in part due to the tobacco industry . The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly , on April 1869 . The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later , in 1881 . It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company . Textile and electric power industries also played an important role ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Gutierrez ( NC State )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Gutierrez', 'summary': "Hendrig Henry Gutierrez ( born August 28 , 1968 in Hoboken , New Jersey and raised in Miami ) is a retired American soccer player who began his career in the lower French divisions before finishing it in the United States . He was a member of the U.S. teams at the 1985 FIFA U-16 World Championship and the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship . He earned one cap with the United States men 's national soccer team ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1991_Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer_team", 'summary': "The 1991 Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represented the University of Virginia during the 1991 NCAA Division I men 's soccer season . It was the program 's 52nd season of existence , and their 38th season in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The season saw Virginia win their second NCAA Division I Men 's Soccer Championship , and their first outright championship . The title , sparked a three-year run where they would win the title three more times in what was considered a college soccer dynasty . Additionally , the Cavaliers won their second-ever ACC Men 's Soccer Tournament and their 10th ACC regular season title . The 1991 was the final season the Cavaliers played at Scott Stadium . The following year , they moved to 8,000-seat Klöckner Stadium . The program boasted several notable future players and coaches including Clint Peay and Claudio Reyna who collectively won over 100 caps for the United States men 's national soccer team ."}]}, {'value': '3-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wake Forest', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wake_Forest_Demon_Deacons_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Wake Forest University Demon Deacons men 's soccer team is an amateur , NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of students attending Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem , North Carolina . They achieved their greatest result in 2007 , winning the 2007 Division I Men 's College Cup . Like all sports teams from Wake Forest , men 's soccer competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . The Deacons play their home matches at Spry Stadium on the campus of Wake Forest ."}]}, {'value': 'Fetzer Field • Chapel Hill , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fetzer_Field', 'summary': "Robert Fetzer Field was a sports field located in Chapel Hill , North Carolina , and was the home of the lacrosse and soccer teams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , the North Carolina Tar Heels . The four teams that called Fetzer field their home ( North Carolina Tar Heels men 's lacrosse , North Carolina Tar Heels women 's lacrosse , North Carolina Tar Heels men 's soccer , North Carolina Tar Heels women 's soccer ) have a combined total of 26 national championships . The stadium was demolished in 2017 to make way for the new Dorrance Field soccer and lacrosse stadium that was built on the same site ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina', 'summary': 'Chapel Hill is a town in Orange , Chatham , and Durham counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Its population was 57,233 in the 2010 census , making Chapel Hill the 15th-largest city in the state . Chapel Hill , Durham , and the state capital , Raleigh , make up the corners of the Research Triangle ( officially the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill combined statistical area ) , with a total population of 1,998,808 . The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street , covering 21.3 square miles ( 55 km2 ) . It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence . Local artists have created many murals .'}]}, {'value': 'Claudio Reyna ( Virginia )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claudio_Reyna', 'summary': "Claudio Reyna ( born July 20 , 1973 ) is a retired American soccer player and current Sporting Director of Austin FC . He was the captain of the United States men 's national team before retiring from international soccer following the U.S. 's exit from the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He is widely considered one of the greatest players the United States has ever produced . Reyna last played for New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer , where he was team captain ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': '4-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clemson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clemson_Tigers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Clemson Tigers men 's soccer team represent Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer . The team has won 14 Atlantic Coast Conference championships , 2 NCAA national championships , and hosted 3 Hermann Trophy winners ( Bruce Murray in 1987 , Wojtek Krakowiak in 1998 , and Robbie Robinson in 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Fetzer Field • Chapel Hill , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fetzer_Field', 'summary': "Robert Fetzer Field was a sports field located in Chapel Hill , North Carolina , and was the home of the lacrosse and soccer teams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , the North Carolina Tar Heels . The four teams that called Fetzer field their home ( North Carolina Tar Heels men 's lacrosse , North Carolina Tar Heels women 's lacrosse , North Carolina Tar Heels men 's soccer , North Carolina Tar Heels women 's soccer ) have a combined total of 26 national championships . The stadium was demolished in 2017 to make way for the new Dorrance Field soccer and lacrosse stadium that was built on the same site ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina', 'summary': 'Chapel Hill is a town in Orange , Chatham , and Durham counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Its population was 57,233 in the 2010 census , making Chapel Hill the 15th-largest city in the state . Chapel Hill , Durham , and the state capital , Raleigh , make up the corners of the Research Triangle ( officially the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill combined statistical area ) , with a total population of 1,998,808 . The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street , covering 21.3 square miles ( 55 km2 ) . It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence . Local artists have created many murals .'}]}, {'value': 'Brad Agoos ( Virginia )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clemson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clemson_Tigers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Clemson Tigers men 's soccer team represent Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer . The team has won 14 Atlantic Coast Conference championships , 2 NCAA national championships , and hosted 3 Hermann Trophy winners ( Bruce Murray in 1987 , Wojtek Krakowiak in 1998 , and Robbie Robinson in 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Fetzer Field • Chapel Hill , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fetzer_Field', 'summary': "Robert Fetzer Field was a sports field located in Chapel Hill , North Carolina , and was the home of the lacrosse and soccer teams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , the North Carolina Tar Heels . The four teams that called Fetzer field their home ( North Carolina Tar Heels men 's lacrosse , North Carolina Tar Heels women 's lacrosse , North Carolina Tar Heels men 's soccer , North Carolina Tar Heels women 's soccer ) have a combined total of 26 national championships . The stadium was demolished in 2017 to make way for the new Dorrance Field soccer and lacrosse stadium that was built on the same site ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina', 'summary': 'Chapel Hill is a town in Orange , Chatham , and Durham counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Its population was 57,233 in the 2010 census , making Chapel Hill the 15th-largest city in the state . Chapel Hill , Durham , and the state capital , Raleigh , make up the corners of the Research Triangle ( officially the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill combined statistical area ) , with a total population of 1,998,808 . The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street , covering 21.3 square miles ( 55 km2 ) . It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence . Local artists have created many murals .'}]}, {'value': 'Jaro Zawislan ( Clemson )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaro_Zawislan', 'summary': 'Jaro Zawislan is a college soccer coach , most recently for Cornell University . He played professionally as a goalkeeper in the USISL , Continental Indoor Soccer League and Polish Second Division .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duke', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils men 's soccer team represents Duke University in the ACC and in all other men 's NCAA Division I Soccer competitions . They won their first and only NCAA tournament in 1986 , co-captained by their current head coach , John Kerr Jr. and Mike Linenberger . Facilities included both turf and grass fields , a newly constructed weight room and training room ( as of fall 2016 ) , and a student-athlete academic advising facility . John Kerr Jr. is assisted by Michael Brady and Chris Rich ."}]}, {'value': 'Riggs Field • Clemson , South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riggs_Field', 'summary': "Riggs Field is a 6,500-capacity soccer-specific stadium located in Clemson , South Carolina . The stadium is home to the Clemson Tigers men 's and women 's soccer teams . It has also hosted the NCAA Men 's Soccer Championship in 1987 . The stadium opened for soccer in 1980 , and was renovated in 1987 , and again in 2013 . Previous to this , it hosted a variety of the school 's athletic teams , including the football team from 1915 until 1941 and the baseball team from 1916 until 1969 . It is named after Walter Riggs , the former coach of the football team and president of Clemson ( 1910-1924 ) . Riggs Field is the fifth oldest collegiate athletic facility in the nation . As first laid out in 1915 , the football field , surrounded by a cinder track was at the east end of Riggs Field , tennis courts were in the center section , and the baseball diamond was at the west end of the space . A new baseball field was later laid out on an area of campus separate from the previous sports complex , and expanded tennis facilities replaced the former diamond . Riggs Field now generally only refers to the eastern portion where the football team played until 1941 . The cinder track was eliminated during the remodeling as a soccer venue . It is now referred to as Historic Riggs Field ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clemson,_South_Carolina', 'summary': 'Clemson ( /ˈklɛmp.sən , ˈklɛm.zən/ [ note a ] ) is a city in Pickens and Anderson counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina . Clemson is home to Clemson University ; in 2015 , the Princeton Review cited the town of Clemson as ranking # 1 in the United States for town-and-gown relations with its resident university . The population of the city was 13,905 at the 2010 census . Clemson is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson , South Carolina Combined Statistical Area . Most of the city is in Pickens County , which is part of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area . A small portion is in Anderson County , which is part of the Anderson Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Mark Peters ( Virginia )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia ^ ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clemson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clemson_Tigers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Clemson Tigers men 's soccer team represent Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer . The team has won 14 Atlantic Coast Conference championships , 2 NCAA national championships , and hosted 3 Hermann Trophy winners ( Bruce Murray in 1987 , Wojtek Krakowiak in 1998 , and Robbie Robinson in 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Duke Soccer Stadium • Durham , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koskinen_Stadium', 'summary': "Koskinen Stadium is a 4,500-seat ( 7,000-capacity ) stadium in Durham , North Carolina on the campus of Duke University . It serves as home to Duke 's soccer and lacrosse teams . The stadium is named in honor of Duke benefactors John Koskinen and Patricia Koskinen ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Durham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population to be 274,291 as of July 1 , 2018 , making it the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina , and the 79th-most populous city in the United States . The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River . Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area , which has a population of 542,710 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Research Triangle , which has a population of 2,037,430 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849 , the namesake of the city . Following the American Civil War , the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly , in part due to the tobacco industry . The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly , on April 1869 . The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later , in 1881 . It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company . Textile and electric power industries also played an important role ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Fisher ( Virginia )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Fisher_(soccer)', 'summary': 'Mike Fisher ( born May 28 , 1975 in Naperville , Illinois ) is a former U.S. collegiate soccer midfielder . After graduating from the University of Virginia , Fisher chose to pursue a medical rather than soccer career .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Maryland_Terrapins_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Maryland Terrapins men 's soccer team represents the University of Maryland in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) college soccer competition . The program has won four NCAA Division I College Cup national championships ( 1968 , 2005 , 2008 , 2018 ) . Maryland won nineteen Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) regular season championships ( 1953-68 , 1971 , 2012 , 2013 ) and six ACC tournament championships ( 1996 , 2002 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 , 2013 ) before joining the Big Ten Conference on July 1 , 2014 . The Terps won the 2014 and 2016 Big Ten Conference men 's soccer championships and the 2014 and 2015 men 's soccer tournament titles ."}]}, {'value': '2-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': 'Klöckner Stadium • Charlottesville , Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Klöckner_Stadium', 'summary': "Klöckner Stadium is home to four nationally recognized sports programs - the University of Virginia men 's and women 's soccer teams in the fall and men 's and women 's lacrosse teams in the spring . The stadium was designed by VMDO Architects and built in 1992 at a cost of $ 3.4 million , and its naming rights were awarded to the Klöckner Group of Germany for $ 1.2 million . The Virginia men 's soccer team won national championships in the first three years they played at Klöckner and subsequently added two more in 2009 and 2014 . Additionally , both Virginia lacrosse teams have won national championships while at Klöckner - 1999 , 2003 , 2006 , and 2011 for the men , and 1993 and 2004 for the women ( who were also national runners-up in 2005 and 2007 ) . The fourth team playing at the stadium , women 's soccer , participated in the 1991 , 2013 , and 2014 NCAA Final Fours . The largest soccer crowd to see a game at Klöckner Stadium was on September 28 , 2007 , when 7,906 fans watched an ACC game against Virginia Tech . The largest lacrosse crowd was first seen on April 12 , 2008 , when a game against Duke University attracted the stadium capacity , 8,000 spectators . When Duke University returned to Klöckner Stadium on April 17 , 2010 , the stadium capacity of 8,000 was reached again . As at Scott Stadium ( the prior home of Virginia 's soccer and lacrosse teams ) , some spectators sit or stand in the grassy areas behind each goal , as well as in the bleachers . During the 2006 soccer season , a video board was installed at Klöckner Stadium . It debuted on September 27 , 2006 , during a men 's soccer game between Virginia and American University ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia', 'summary': "Charlottesville , colloquially known as C'ville and officially named the City of Charlottesville , is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities . It is named after the British Queen consort ( and Electress of Hanover ) Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who as the wife of George III was Virginia 's last Queen . In 2018 , an estimated 48,117 people lived within the city limits . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with Albemarle County for statistical purposes , bringing its population to approximately 150,000 . Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area , which includes Albemarle , Buckingham , Fluvanna , Greene , and Nelson counties . Charlottesville was the home of two Presidents , Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe . During their terms as Governor of Virginia , they lived in Charlottesville , and traveled to and from Richmond , along the 71-mile ( 114 km ) historic Three Notch 'd Road . Orange , located 26 miles ( 42 km ) northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison . The University of Virginia , founded by Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies , straddles the city 's southwestern border . Monticello , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) southeast of the city , is , along with the University of Virginia , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , attracting thousands of tourists every year ."}]}, {'value': 'Pierre Venditti ( Maryland )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 7 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': '2-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Maryland_Terrapins_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Maryland Terrapins men 's soccer team represents the University of Maryland in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) college soccer competition . The program has won four NCAA Division I College Cup national championships ( 1968 , 2005 , 2008 , 2018 ) . Maryland won nineteen Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) regular season championships ( 1953-68 , 1971 , 2012 , 2013 ) and six ACC tournament championships ( 1996 , 2002 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 , 2013 ) before joining the Big Ten Conference on July 1 , 2014 . The Terps won the 2014 and 2016 Big Ten Conference men 's soccer championships and the 2014 and 2015 men 's soccer tournament titles ."}]}, {'value': "Disney 's Wide World of Sports • Orlando , Florida", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Disney's_Wide_World_of_Sports", 'summary': "The ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex is a 220 acres ( 89 ha ) athletic complex located in the Walt Disney World Resort , in Bay Lake , Florida , near Orlando . The complex includes 9 venues and hosts numerous amateur and professional sporting events throughout the year . It was known as Disney 's Wide World of Sports Complex from 1997 until 2010 when it was re-branded with the Disney-owned ESPN brand . The rebranding was unveiled on February 25 , 2010 . The complex is a part of the Sports tourism emerging market ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Orlando,_Florida', 'summary': "Orlando ( /ɔːrˈlændoʊ/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Orange County . Located in Central Florida , it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area , which had a population of 2,509,831 , according to U.S. Census Bureau figures released in July 2017 . These figures make it the 23rd-largest metropolitan area in the United States , the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States , and the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida . As of 2018 , Orlando had an estimated city-proper population of 285,713 , making it the 71st-largest city in the United States , the fourth-largest city in Florida , and the state 's largest inland city . The City of Orlando is nicknamed the City Beautiful , and its symbol is the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain , commonly referred to as simply the Lake Eola fountain at Lake Eola Park . The Orlando International Airport ( MCO ) is the thirteenth-busiest airport in the United States and the 29th-busiest in the world . Orlando is one of the most visited cities in the world primarily driven by tourism , major events , and convention traffic , in 2018 the city drew more than 75 million visitors . The two largest and most internationally renowned tourist attractions in the Orlando area include the Walt Disney World Resort , opened by the Walt Disney Company in 1971 , and located approximately 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of Downtown Orlando in Bay Lake ; and the Universal Orlando Resort , opened in 1990 as a major expansion of Universal Studios Florida . With the exception of Walt Disney World , most major attractions are located along International Drive with one of these attractions being the Wheel at ICON Park Orlando . The city is also one of the busiest American cities for conferences and conventions ; the Orange County Convention Center is the second-largest convention facility in the United States . Like other major cities in the Sun Belt , Orlando grew rapidly from the 1980s up into the first decade of the 21st century . Orlando is home to the University of Central Florida , which is the largest university campus in the United States in terms of enrollment as of 2015 [ update ] ."}]}, {'value': 'Ben Olsen ( Virginia )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Olsen', 'summary': "Benjamin Robert Olsen ( born May 3 , 1977 ) is an American former professional Association football player and the current head coach of D.C. United . Born in Middletown , Pennsylvania , Olsen grew up playing for FC Delco , an elite club program near Philadelphia . He then played for Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer and was named 1997 Soccer America Player of the Year . Olsen spent the vast majority of his professional career in the United States with D.C. United in Major League Soccer , which he joined straight out of college . Over the course of 12 seasons with United , Olsen made 221 appearances , scoring 29 goals and making 49 assists . During that time he won two MLS Cup titles , two MLS Supporters ' Shields and one U.S. Open Cup winners medal . His individual honors include two-time MLS All-Star , 1998 MLS Rookie of the Year , MLS Cup '99 MVP and 2007 MLS Best XI . Olsen also earned 37 caps with the United States men 's national team , winning the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup and representing the United States at the 2006 FIFA World Cup . Olsen announced his retirement from professional competition on November 24 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clemson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clemson_Tigers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Clemson Tigers men 's soccer team represent Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer . The team has won 14 Atlantic Coast Conference championships , 2 NCAA national championships , and hosted 3 Hermann Trophy winners ( Bruce Murray in 1987 , Wojtek Krakowiak in 1998 , and Robbie Robinson in 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duke', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils men 's soccer team represents Duke University in the ACC and in all other men 's NCAA Division I Soccer competitions . They won their first and only NCAA tournament in 1986 , co-captained by their current head coach , John Kerr Jr. and Mike Linenberger . Facilities included both turf and grass fields , a newly constructed weight room and training room ( as of fall 2016 ) , and a student-athlete academic advising facility . John Kerr Jr. is assisted by Michael Brady and Chris Rich ."}]}, {'value': 'Spry Soccer Stadium • Winston-Salem , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W._Dennie_Spry_Soccer_Stadium', 'summary': "W. Dennie Spry Soccer Stadium ( usually called Spry Stadium ) is a soccer-specific stadium located on the campus of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem , North Carolina where it is home to the Wake Forest Demon Deacons men 's soccer and women 's soccer teams . Opened in 1996 , W. Dennie Spry Soccer Stadium is home to the Wake Forest men 's and women 's soccer programs . Considered one of the top soccer facilities in the country , the 3,000-seat stadium is considered a jewel in Wake Forest 's family of athletic facilities and gives the Demon Deacons a true home field advantage . The Spry Stadium complex features a fully lit natural grass playing field along with two lit natural grass practice fields . The facility also includes a state-of-the-art scoreboard and sound system , locker rooms for both the men 's and women 's teams , a pressbox with rooftop observation deck and concession stands . The Deacons regularly play in front of packed crowds , as the campus and local communities support the men 's and women 's teams . A strong contingent of students can always be found on the hill overlooking the north side of the stadium . Spry Stadium has hosted several major soccer events . The ACC Tournament has been contested four times at Spry : the women 's tournament was held there in 1997 , while the men 's event was held at the venue for three straight years from 1998 to 2000 . In March 2001 , Spry Stadium hosted a Major League Soccer exhibition match between the Miami Fusion and D.C. United and an exhibition match between Wake Forest and the United States U-17 National Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Winston-Salem is a city in and the county seat of Forsyth County , North Carolina , United States . With a 2018 estimated population of 246,328 it is the second largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad region , the fifth most populous city in North Carolina , the third largest urban area in North Carolina , and the eighty-ninth most populous city in the United States . With a metropolitan population of 676,673 it is the fourth largest metropolitan area in North Carolina . Winston-Salem is home to the tallest office building in the region , 100 North Main Street , formerly the Wachovia Building and now known locally as the Wells Fargo Center . Winston-Salem is called the Twin City for its dual heritage . Camel City is a reference to the city 's historic involvement in the tobacco industry related to locally based R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company 's Camel cigarettes . Many locals refer to the city as Winston in informal speech . Winston-Salem is also home to many colleges and institutions , most notably Wake Forest University and Winston-Salem State University . In 2012 , the city was listed among the ten best places to retire in the United States by CBS MoneyWatch . Winston-Salem has seen a surge in growth and revitalization in the downtown area with hotels , restaurants , and apartments under construction ."}]}, {'value': 'Josh Campbell ( Clemson )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Campbell', 'summary': 'Josh Campbell is the name of :'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duke', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils men 's soccer team represents Duke University in the ACC and in all other men 's NCAA Division I Soccer competitions . They won their first and only NCAA tournament in 1986 , co-captained by their current head coach , John Kerr Jr. and Mike Linenberger . Facilities included both turf and grass fields , a newly constructed weight room and training room ( as of fall 2016 ) , and a student-athlete academic advising facility . John Kerr Jr. is assisted by Michael Brady and Chris Rich ."}]}, {'value': '2-1*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': 'Spry Soccer Stadium • Winston-Salem , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W._Dennie_Spry_Soccer_Stadium', 'summary': "W. Dennie Spry Soccer Stadium ( usually called Spry Stadium ) is a soccer-specific stadium located on the campus of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem , North Carolina where it is home to the Wake Forest Demon Deacons men 's soccer and women 's soccer teams . Opened in 1996 , W. Dennie Spry Soccer Stadium is home to the Wake Forest men 's and women 's soccer programs . Considered one of the top soccer facilities in the country , the 3,000-seat stadium is considered a jewel in Wake Forest 's family of athletic facilities and gives the Demon Deacons a true home field advantage . The Spry Stadium complex features a fully lit natural grass playing field along with two lit natural grass practice fields . The facility also includes a state-of-the-art scoreboard and sound system , locker rooms for both the men 's and women 's teams , a pressbox with rooftop observation deck and concession stands . The Deacons regularly play in front of packed crowds , as the campus and local communities support the men 's and women 's teams . A strong contingent of students can always be found on the hill overlooking the north side of the stadium . Spry Stadium has hosted several major soccer events . The ACC Tournament has been contested four times at Spry : the women 's tournament was held there in 1997 , while the men 's event was held at the venue for three straight years from 1998 to 2000 . In March 2001 , Spry Stadium hosted a Major League Soccer exhibition match between the Miami Fusion and D.C. United and an exhibition match between Wake Forest and the United States U-17 National Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Winston-Salem is a city in and the county seat of Forsyth County , North Carolina , United States . With a 2018 estimated population of 246,328 it is the second largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad region , the fifth most populous city in North Carolina , the third largest urban area in North Carolina , and the eighty-ninth most populous city in the United States . With a metropolitan population of 676,673 it is the fourth largest metropolitan area in North Carolina . Winston-Salem is home to the tallest office building in the region , 100 North Main Street , formerly the Wachovia Building and now known locally as the Wells Fargo Center . Winston-Salem is called the Twin City for its dual heritage . Camel City is a reference to the city 's historic involvement in the tobacco industry related to locally based R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company 's Camel cigarettes . Many locals refer to the city as Winston in informal speech . Winston-Salem is also home to many colleges and institutions , most notably Wake Forest University and Winston-Salem State University . In 2012 , the city was listed among the ten best places to retire in the United States by CBS MoneyWatch . Winston-Salem has seen a surge in growth and revitalization in the downtown area with hotels , restaurants , and apartments under construction ."}]}, {'value': 'Troy Garner ( Duke )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Carolina ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's soccer team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in men 's NCAA Division I soccer competition . They compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The Tar Heels won the NCAA championship in 2001 and 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '1-0*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': 'Spry Soccer Stadium • Winston-Salem , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W._Dennie_Spry_Soccer_Stadium', 'summary': "W. Dennie Spry Soccer Stadium ( usually called Spry Stadium ) is a soccer-specific stadium located on the campus of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem , North Carolina where it is home to the Wake Forest Demon Deacons men 's soccer and women 's soccer teams . Opened in 1996 , W. Dennie Spry Soccer Stadium is home to the Wake Forest men 's and women 's soccer programs . Considered one of the top soccer facilities in the country , the 3,000-seat stadium is considered a jewel in Wake Forest 's family of athletic facilities and gives the Demon Deacons a true home field advantage . The Spry Stadium complex features a fully lit natural grass playing field along with two lit natural grass practice fields . The facility also includes a state-of-the-art scoreboard and sound system , locker rooms for both the men 's and women 's teams , a pressbox with rooftop observation deck and concession stands . The Deacons regularly play in front of packed crowds , as the campus and local communities support the men 's and women 's teams . A strong contingent of students can always be found on the hill overlooking the north side of the stadium . Spry Stadium has hosted several major soccer events . The ACC Tournament has been contested four times at Spry : the women 's tournament was held there in 1997 , while the men 's event was held at the venue for three straight years from 1998 to 2000 . In March 2001 , Spry Stadium hosted a Major League Soccer exhibition match between the Miami Fusion and D.C. United and an exhibition match between Wake Forest and the United States U-17 National Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Winston-Salem is a city in and the county seat of Forsyth County , North Carolina , United States . With a 2018 estimated population of 246,328 it is the second largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad region , the fifth most populous city in North Carolina , the third largest urban area in North Carolina , and the eighty-ninth most populous city in the United States . With a metropolitan population of 676,673 it is the fourth largest metropolitan area in North Carolina . Winston-Salem is home to the tallest office building in the region , 100 North Main Street , formerly the Wachovia Building and now known locally as the Wells Fargo Center . Winston-Salem is called the Twin City for its dual heritage . Camel City is a reference to the city 's historic involvement in the tobacco industry related to locally based R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company 's Camel cigarettes . Many locals refer to the city as Winston in informal speech . Winston-Salem is also home to many colleges and institutions , most notably Wake Forest University and Winston-Salem State University . In 2012 , the city was listed among the ten best places to retire in the United States by CBS MoneyWatch . Winston-Salem has seen a surge in growth and revitalization in the downtown area with hotels , restaurants , and apartments under construction ."}]}, {'value': 'Caleb Norkus ( UNC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caleb_Norkus', 'summary': "Joshua Caleb Norkus ( born March 14 , 1979 in Raleigh , North Carolina ) is an American soccer player who currently plays for the National Premier Soccer League club Puerto Rico Bayamón . He played professionally in Germany , Chile , Puerto Rico and the United States . He was a member of the United States U-17 men 's national soccer team at the 1995 FIFA U-17 World Championship held in Quito , Ecuador , as well as the United States U-18 men 's national soccer team and the United States U-20 men 's national soccer team ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clemson ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clemson_Tigers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Clemson Tigers men 's soccer team represent Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer . The team has won 14 Atlantic Coast Conference championships , 2 NCAA national championships , and hosted 3 Hermann Trophy winners ( Bruce Murray in 1987 , Wojtek Krakowiak in 1998 , and Robbie Robinson in 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': 'Riggs Field • Clemson , South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riggs_Field', 'summary': "Riggs Field is a 6,500-capacity soccer-specific stadium located in Clemson , South Carolina . The stadium is home to the Clemson Tigers men 's and women 's soccer teams . It has also hosted the NCAA Men 's Soccer Championship in 1987 . The stadium opened for soccer in 1980 , and was renovated in 1987 , and again in 2013 . Previous to this , it hosted a variety of the school 's athletic teams , including the football team from 1915 until 1941 and the baseball team from 1916 until 1969 . It is named after Walter Riggs , the former coach of the football team and president of Clemson ( 1910-1924 ) . Riggs Field is the fifth oldest collegiate athletic facility in the nation . As first laid out in 1915 , the football field , surrounded by a cinder track was at the east end of Riggs Field , tennis courts were in the center section , and the baseball diamond was at the west end of the space . A new baseball field was later laid out on an area of campus separate from the previous sports complex , and expanded tennis facilities replaced the former diamond . Riggs Field now generally only refers to the eastern portion where the football team played until 1941 . The cinder track was eliminated during the remodeling as a soccer venue . It is now referred to as Historic Riggs Field ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clemson,_South_Carolina', 'summary': 'Clemson ( /ˈklɛmp.sən , ˈklɛm.zən/ [ note a ] ) is a city in Pickens and Anderson counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina . Clemson is home to Clemson University ; in 2015 , the Princeton Review cited the town of Clemson as ranking # 1 in the United States for town-and-gown relations with its resident university . The population of the city was 13,905 at the 2010 census . Clemson is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson , South Carolina Combined Statistical Area . Most of the city is in Pickens County , which is part of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area . A small portion is in Anderson County , which is part of the Anderson Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Ian Fuller ( Clemson )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ian_Fuller', 'summary': 'Ian Fuller ( born August 31 , 1979 ) is a former American soccer player who currently serves as an assistant coach for Minnesota United FC .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland ^ ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Maryland_Terrapins_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Maryland Terrapins men 's soccer team represents the University of Maryland in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) college soccer competition . The program has won four NCAA Division I College Cup national championships ( 1968 , 2005 , 2008 , 2018 ) . Maryland won nineteen Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) regular season championships ( 1953-68 , 1971 , 2012 , 2013 ) and six ACC tournament championships ( 1996 , 2002 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 , 2013 ) before joining the Big Ten Conference on July 1 , 2014 . The Terps won the 2014 and 2016 Big Ten Conference men 's soccer championships and the 2014 and 2015 men 's soccer tournament titles ."}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': 'SAS Soccer Complex • Cary , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SAS_Soccer_Complex', 'summary': "WakeMed Soccer Park is a major soccer complex in Cary , North Carolina , United States . Originally opened in 2002 as the home of the Carolina Courage of the WUSA , WakeMed Soccer Park is now the home to North Carolina FC of the United Soccer League and the North Carolina Courage of the National Women 's Soccer League . The North Carolina State Wolfpack men 's and women 's teams of the ACC play select matches there and the complex regularly hosts major tournaments such as the NCAA College Cup , the ACC Soccer Championships , and the NCHSAA high school state soccer finals . The soccer complex consists of a purpose-built , soccer-specific main stadium , two lighted practice fields , and four additional fields . The main stadium and the two lighted fields ( 2 & 3 ) are all FIFA international regulation size ( 120 by 75 yards ( 110 m × 69 m ) ) . The main stadium seats 10,000 . Field 2 also has 1,000 permanent bleacher seats . The complex also sports a full-length , nationally recognized cross-country course and houses the offices of Triangle Professional Soccer . SAS Institute , a Cary-based software company , had naming rights to the soccer park through June 30 , 2007 with the option to extend their naming rights for an additional three years . On September 27 , 2007 , the Town of Cary announced that SAS had not exercised their option on the naming rights and that WakeMed Health & Hospitals had purchased the naming rights to the stadium . Effective January 1 , 2008 , the stadium became known as WakeMed Soccer Park . The naming rights agreement with Cary is good for three years and cost $ 300,000 per year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cary,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Cary /ˈkæri/ is the seventh-largest municipality in North Carolina . Cary is predominantly in Wake County , with a small area in Chatham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina and is the county 's second-largest municipality , as well as the third-largest municipality in The Triangle of North Carolina after Raleigh and Durham . The town 's population was 135,234 as of the 2010 census ( an increase of 43.1% since 2000 ) , making it the largest town and seventh-largest municipality statewide . As of April 2018 [ update ] , the town 's estimated population was 162,025 , though Cary is still classified a town because that is how it was incorporated with the state . Cary is the second most populous incorporated town ( behind only Gilbert , Arizona ) in the United States . According to the US Census Bureau , Cary was the fifth fastest-growing municipality in the United States between September 1 , 2006 , and September 1 , 2007 . In 2015 Cary had a crime rate of 84 violent crimes per 100,000 residents . Charlotte , the largest city in North Carolina , had a violent crime rate of 648 violent crimes per 100,000 residents , almost eight times higher than Cary . Raleigh , Durham , and Chapel Hill make up the three primary metropolitan areas of the Research Triangle metropolitan region . The regional nickname of The Triangle originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park , primarily located in Durham County , four miles from downtown Durham . RTP is bordered on three sides by the city of Durham and is roughly midway between the cities of Raleigh and Chapel Hill , and the three major research universities of NC State University , Duke University , and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill . Effective June 6 , 2003 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) redefined the Federal statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Abe Thompson ( Maryland )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abe_Thompson', 'summary': 'Abraham Broman Abe Thompson ( born January 12 , 1982 ) is an American former soccer player .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 8 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Maryland_Terrapins_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Maryland Terrapins men 's soccer team represents the University of Maryland in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) college soccer competition . The program has won four NCAA Division I College Cup national championships ( 1968 , 2005 , 2008 , 2018 ) . Maryland won nineteen Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) regular season championships ( 1953-68 , 1971 , 2012 , 2013 ) and six ACC tournament championships ( 1996 , 2002 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 , 2013 ) before joining the Big Ten Conference on July 1 , 2014 . The Terps won the 2014 and 2016 Big Ten Conference men 's soccer championships and the 2014 and 2015 men 's soccer tournament titles ."}]}, {'value': 'SAS Soccer Complex • Cary , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SAS_Soccer_Complex', 'summary': "WakeMed Soccer Park is a major soccer complex in Cary , North Carolina , United States . Originally opened in 2002 as the home of the Carolina Courage of the WUSA , WakeMed Soccer Park is now the home to North Carolina FC of the United Soccer League and the North Carolina Courage of the National Women 's Soccer League . The North Carolina State Wolfpack men 's and women 's teams of the ACC play select matches there and the complex regularly hosts major tournaments such as the NCAA College Cup , the ACC Soccer Championships , and the NCHSAA high school state soccer finals . The soccer complex consists of a purpose-built , soccer-specific main stadium , two lighted practice fields , and four additional fields . The main stadium and the two lighted fields ( 2 & 3 ) are all FIFA international regulation size ( 120 by 75 yards ( 110 m × 69 m ) ) . The main stadium seats 10,000 . Field 2 also has 1,000 permanent bleacher seats . The complex also sports a full-length , nationally recognized cross-country course and houses the offices of Triangle Professional Soccer . SAS Institute , a Cary-based software company , had naming rights to the soccer park through June 30 , 2007 with the option to extend their naming rights for an additional three years . On September 27 , 2007 , the Town of Cary announced that SAS had not exercised their option on the naming rights and that WakeMed Health & Hospitals had purchased the naming rights to the stadium . Effective January 1 , 2008 , the stadium became known as WakeMed Soccer Park . The naming rights agreement with Cary is good for three years and cost $ 300,000 per year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cary,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Cary /ˈkæri/ is the seventh-largest municipality in North Carolina . Cary is predominantly in Wake County , with a small area in Chatham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina and is the county 's second-largest municipality , as well as the third-largest municipality in The Triangle of North Carolina after Raleigh and Durham . The town 's population was 135,234 as of the 2010 census ( an increase of 43.1% since 2000 ) , making it the largest town and seventh-largest municipality statewide . As of April 2018 [ update ] , the town 's estimated population was 162,025 , though Cary is still classified a town because that is how it was incorporated with the state . Cary is the second most populous incorporated town ( behind only Gilbert , Arizona ) in the United States . According to the US Census Bureau , Cary was the fifth fastest-growing municipality in the United States between September 1 , 2006 , and September 1 , 2007 . In 2015 Cary had a crime rate of 84 violent crimes per 100,000 residents . Charlotte , the largest city in North Carolina , had a violent crime rate of 648 violent crimes per 100,000 residents , almost eight times higher than Cary . Raleigh , Durham , and Chapel Hill make up the three primary metropolitan areas of the Research Triangle metropolitan region . The regional nickname of The Triangle originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park , primarily located in Durham County , four miles from downtown Durham . RTP is bordered on three sides by the city of Durham and is roughly midway between the cities of Raleigh and Chapel Hill , and the three major research universities of NC State University , Duke University , and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill . Effective June 6 , 2003 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) redefined the Federal statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Ryan Burke ( Virginia )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 9 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer team represent the University of Virginia in all NCAA Division I men 's soccer competitions . The Virginia Cavaliers are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference . Virginia has an extensive reputation as one of the most elite collegiate soccer programs of the United States . The program has produced several prominent United States national team players such as Claudio Reyna , John Harkes , Jeff Agoos , Ben Olsen , and Tony Meola . Future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena coached Virginia to five College Cup titles in a six-year period during the 1980s and 1990s , and his protégé George Gelnovatch has since guided the Cavaliers to six College Cups and four championship games , winning two of them . The Cavaliers have , as of 2019 , made the College Cup tournament bracket for a record 39 consecutive years , the most of any team in the history of the sport . The program has won seven NCAA Championships ( 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2009 , 2014 ) and have the most national titles of any program since 1990 . Virginia ranks third overall in the sport 's championship history since 1959 ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Maryland_Terrapins_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Maryland Terrapins men 's soccer team represents the University of Maryland in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) college soccer competition . The program has won four NCAA Division I College Cup national championships ( 1968 , 2005 , 2008 , 2018 ) . Maryland won nineteen Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) regular season championships ( 1953-68 , 1971 , 2012 , 2013 ) and six ACC tournament championships ( 1996 , 2002 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 , 2013 ) before joining the Big Ten Conference on July 1 , 2014 . The Terps won the 2014 and 2016 Big Ten Conference men 's soccer championships and the 2014 and 2015 men 's soccer tournament titles ."}]}, {'value': 'SAS Soccer Complex • Cary , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SAS_Soccer_Complex', 'summary': "WakeMed Soccer Park is a major soccer complex in Cary , North Carolina , United States . Originally opened in 2002 as the home of the Carolina Courage of the WUSA , WakeMed Soccer Park is now the home to North Carolina FC of the United Soccer League and the North Carolina Courage of the National Women 's Soccer League . The North Carolina State Wolfpack men 's and women 's teams of the ACC play select matches there and the complex regularly hosts major tournaments such as the NCAA College Cup , the ACC Soccer Championships , and the NCHSAA high school state soccer finals . The soccer complex consists of a purpose-built , soccer-specific main stadium , two lighted practice fields , and four additional fields . The main stadium and the two lighted fields ( 2 & 3 ) are all FIFA international regulation size ( 120 by 75 yards ( 110 m × 69 m ) ) . The main stadium seats 10,000 . Field 2 also has 1,000 permanent bleacher seats . The complex also sports a full-length , nationally recognized cross-country course and houses the offices of Triangle Professional Soccer . SAS Institute , a Cary-based software company , had naming rights to the soccer park through June 30 , 2007 with the option to extend their naming rights for an additional three years . On September 27 , 2007 , the Town of Cary announced that SAS had not exercised their option on the naming rights and that WakeMed Health & Hospitals had purchased the naming rights to the stadium . Effective January 1 , 2008 , the stadium became known as WakeMed Soccer Park . The naming rights agreement with Cary is good for three years and cost $ 300,000 per year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cary,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Cary /ˈkæri/ is the seventh-largest municipality in North Carolina . Cary is predominantly in Wake County , with a small area in Chatham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina and is the county 's second-largest municipality , as well as the third-largest municipality in The Triangle of North Carolina after Raleigh and Durham . The town 's population was 135,234 as of the 2010 census ( an increase of 43.1% since 2000 ) , making it the largest town and seventh-largest municipality statewide . As of April 2018 [ update ] , the town 's estimated population was 162,025 , though Cary is still classified a town because that is how it was incorporated with the state . Cary is the second most populous incorporated town ( behind only Gilbert , Arizona ) in the United States . According to the US Census Bureau , Cary was the fifth fastest-growing municipality in the United States between September 1 , 2006 , and September 1 , 2007 . In 2015 Cary had a crime rate of 84 violent crimes per 100,000 residents . Charlotte , the largest city in North Carolina , had a violent crime rate of 648 violent crimes per 100,000 residents , almost eight times higher than Cary . Raleigh , Durham , and Chapel Hill make up the three primary metropolitan areas of the Research Triangle metropolitan region . The regional nickname of The Triangle originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park , primarily located in Durham County , four miles from downtown Durham . RTP is bordered on three sides by the city of Durham and is roughly midway between the cities of Raleigh and Chapel Hill , and the three major research universities of NC State University , Duke University , and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill . Effective June 6 , 2003 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) redefined the Federal statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Jeremy Barlow ( Virginia )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeremy_Barlow', 'summary': 'Jeremy Barlow ( born August 11 , 1985 ) is an American soccer player who most recently played for Richmond Kickers in the USL Second Division .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duke ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils men 's soccer team represents Duke University in the ACC and in all other men 's NCAA Division I Soccer competitions . They won their first and only NCAA tournament in 1986 , co-captained by their current head coach , John Kerr Jr. and Mike Linenberger . Facilities included both turf and grass fields , a newly constructed weight room and training room ( as of fall 2016 ) , and a student-athlete academic advising facility . John Kerr Jr. is assisted by Michael Brady and Chris Rich ."}]}, {'value': '0-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's soccer team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in men 's NCAA Division I soccer competition . They compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The Tar Heels won the NCAA championship in 2001 and 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'SAS Soccer Complex • Cary , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SAS_Soccer_Complex', 'summary': "WakeMed Soccer Park is a major soccer complex in Cary , North Carolina , United States . Originally opened in 2002 as the home of the Carolina Courage of the WUSA , WakeMed Soccer Park is now the home to North Carolina FC of the United Soccer League and the North Carolina Courage of the National Women 's Soccer League . The North Carolina State Wolfpack men 's and women 's teams of the ACC play select matches there and the complex regularly hosts major tournaments such as the NCAA College Cup , the ACC Soccer Championships , and the NCHSAA high school state soccer finals . The soccer complex consists of a purpose-built , soccer-specific main stadium , two lighted practice fields , and four additional fields . The main stadium and the two lighted fields ( 2 & 3 ) are all FIFA international regulation size ( 120 by 75 yards ( 110 m × 69 m ) ) . The main stadium seats 10,000 . Field 2 also has 1,000 permanent bleacher seats . The complex also sports a full-length , nationally recognized cross-country course and houses the offices of Triangle Professional Soccer . SAS Institute , a Cary-based software company , had naming rights to the soccer park through June 30 , 2007 with the option to extend their naming rights for an additional three years . On September 27 , 2007 , the Town of Cary announced that SAS had not exercised their option on the naming rights and that WakeMed Health & Hospitals had purchased the naming rights to the stadium . Effective January 1 , 2008 , the stadium became known as WakeMed Soccer Park . The naming rights agreement with Cary is good for three years and cost $ 300,000 per year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cary,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Cary /ˈkæri/ is the seventh-largest municipality in North Carolina . Cary is predominantly in Wake County , with a small area in Chatham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina and is the county 's second-largest municipality , as well as the third-largest municipality in The Triangle of North Carolina after Raleigh and Durham . The town 's population was 135,234 as of the 2010 census ( an increase of 43.1% since 2000 ) , making it the largest town and seventh-largest municipality statewide . As of April 2018 [ update ] , the town 's estimated population was 162,025 , though Cary is still classified a town because that is how it was incorporated with the state . Cary is the second most populous incorporated town ( behind only Gilbert , Arizona ) in the United States . According to the US Census Bureau , Cary was the fifth fastest-growing municipality in the United States between September 1 , 2006 , and September 1 , 2007 . In 2015 Cary had a crime rate of 84 violent crimes per 100,000 residents . Charlotte , the largest city in North Carolina , had a violent crime rate of 648 violent crimes per 100,000 residents , almost eight times higher than Cary . Raleigh , Durham , and Chapel Hill make up the three primary metropolitan areas of the Research Triangle metropolitan region . The regional nickname of The Triangle originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park , primarily located in Durham County , four miles from downtown Durham . RTP is bordered on three sides by the city of Durham and is roughly midway between the cities of Raleigh and Chapel Hill , and the three major research universities of NC State University , Duke University , and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill . Effective June 6 , 2003 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) redefined the Federal statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Blake Camp ( Duke )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blake_Camp', 'summary': 'Blake Camp ( born October 11 , 1983 ) is an American soccer player . Camp played some youth soccer in England and has trained with several prestigious professional clubs , including Manchester United and Blackburn Rovers in England , Real Valladolid in Spain , and Palmeiras in Brazil . After starring at Clarke Central High School in Georgia , where he was a four-time all-area performer , he played college soccer at Duke University . He became a regular starter and an all-ACC performer as a sophomore in 2003 , then again in 2004 and 2005 . In 2004 , he was named to the NCAA Final Four All Tournament team . Camp was named to the Herman Trophy watch list in 2004 and 2005 and earned all-America honors as a junior and senior , finishing his collegiate career with 24 goals and the ACC Tournament MVP award as a senior . Camp also spent two seasons in the USL Premier Development League , playing for Chicago Fire Premier in 2004 and for Raleigh CASL Elite in 2005 . He was drafted in the fourth round of the 2006 MLS SuperDraft , the 41st pick overall . The MetroStars traded goalkeeper Zach Wells to Houston to reacquire the 41st pick and select Camp . He suffered a broken ankle at the beginning of the 2007 season , and was waived by the team on November 28 , 2007 . Camp signed with USL 1st Division team , Atlanta Silverbacks in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duke ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils men 's soccer team represents Duke University in the ACC and in all other men 's NCAA Division I Soccer competitions . They won their first and only NCAA tournament in 1986 , co-captained by their current head coach , John Kerr Jr. and Mike Linenberger . Facilities included both turf and grass fields , a newly constructed weight room and training room ( as of fall 2016 ) , and a student-athlete academic advising facility . John Kerr Jr. is assisted by Michael Brady and Chris Rich ."}]}, {'value': '1-0*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wake Forest', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wake_Forest_Demon_Deacons_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Wake Forest University Demon Deacons men 's soccer team is an amateur , NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of students attending Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem , North Carolina . They achieved their greatest result in 2007 , winning the 2007 Division I Men 's College Cup . Like all sports teams from Wake Forest , men 's soccer competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . The Deacons play their home matches at Spry Stadium on the campus of Wake Forest ."}]}, {'value': 'Maryland SoccerPlex • Germantown , Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maryland_SoccerPlex', 'summary': 'The Maryland SoccerPlex is a sports complex in Germantown , Maryland , although its mailing address is Boyds , Maryland . The facility , completed in 2000 and operated by the Maryland Soccer Foundation ( MSF ) , has 21 natural grass fields , 3 artificial turf fields , and 8 indoor convertible basketball/volleyball courts . In the park there are also two miniature golf courses , a splash park , a driving range , an archery course , community garden , model boat pond , a bike park featuring a linked jump line and a pump track , tennis center , and a swim center .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Germantown,_Maryland', 'summary': "Germantown is an urbanized census-designated place in Montgomery County , Maryland , United States . With a population of 90,676 as of 2013 U.S. Census Bureau estimates , Germantown is the third most populous place in Maryland , after the city of Baltimore , and the census-designated place of Columbia . Germantown is located approximately 25-30 miles ( 40-48 km ) outside the U.S. capital of Washington , D.C. and is an important part of the Washington metropolitan area . Germantown was founded in the early 19th century by European immigrants , though much of the area 's development did not take place until the mid-20th century . The original plan for Germantown divided the area into a downtown and six town villages : Gunners Lake Village , Kingsview Village , Churchill Village , Middlebrook Village , Clopper 's Mill Village , and Neelsville Village . The Churchill Town Sector at the corner of Maryland Route 118 and Middlebrook Road most closely resembles the downtown or center of Germantown because of the location of the Upcounty Regional Services Center , the Germantown Public Library , the Black Rock Arts Center , the Regal Germantown Stadium 14 , and pedestrian shopping that features an array of restaurants . Three exits to Interstate 270 are less than one mile away , the Maryland Area Regional Commuter train is within walking distance , and the Germantown Transit Center that provides Ride On shuttle service to the Shady Grove station of the Washington Metro 's Red Line . Germantown has the assigned ZIP codes of 20874 and 20876 for delivery and 20875 for post office boxes . It is the most populous Germantown in Maryland and is the only Germantown , Maryland that is recognized by the United States Postal Service ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Videira ( Duke )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Videira', 'summary': 'Michael Videira ( born January 6 , 1986 in Milford , Massachusetts ) is an American soccer player .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Champions -- By year', 'section_text': 'Claudio Reyna was the 1991 ACC Tournament MVP . Ben Olsen was the 1997 ACC Tournament MVP . Zac MacMath won the ACC Tournament MVP Award in 2010 .', 'uid': "ACC_Men's_Soccer_Tournament_0", 'intro': "The ACC Men's Soccer Tournament is the conference championship tournament in soccer for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The tournament has been held every year since 1987. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship."} | null | null | For the game with a score of `` 2-2 '' , the runner-up team was fielded in what year ? | 1950 |
0bac33d1d4b2eba2 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Championship', 'title': 'Canadian Championship', 'header': ['Year', 'Player', 'Position', 'Nationality', 'Team'], 'data': [{'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': 'The 2008 Canadian Championship ( officially the Nutrilite Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was the inaugural Canadian Championship soccer tournament that took place in the cities of Montreal , Toronto and Vancouver in 2008 . Participating teams were the Montreal Impact , Toronto FC , and the Vancouver Whitecaps . The tournament consisted of a home and away series between each team for a total of six games . The winner of the tournament , Montreal , gained entry into the qualifying round of the 2008-09 CONCACAF Champions League , where they played against the Nicaraguan representative Real Estelí in a home and away series to determine entrance to the group stages . The Montreal Impact were awarded the Voyageurs Cup trophy as winners of the tournament .'}]}, {'value': 'Matt Jordan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Jordan', 'summary': 'Matt Jordan ( born October 13 , 1975 in Aurora , Colorado ) is a former soccer goalkeeper . He is currently the Technical Director and General Manager for the Houston Dynamo of Major League Soccer .'}]}, {'value': 'Goalkeeper', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Impact_(1992–2011)', 'summary': "The Montreal Impact ( French : Impact de Montréal ) was a Canadian professional soccer club based in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . Founded in 1992 , the team played in the United Soccer League . Later , the Impact played in the North American Soccer League ( NASL ) , the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid until the 2011 season . The owner Joey Saputo now operates the MLS team Montreal Impact . The team played its home games at Complexe Sportif Claude-Robillard until 2008 when it moved to the new Saputo Stadium where it played until its move to MLS . The team 's colours were blue and white . The Impact had 11 different head coaches during these years . The Impact also operated a reserve team , the Trois-Rivières Attak , from 2006 until 2010 which played in the Canadian Soccer League until 2010 when the Impact created their own Montreal Impact Academy . They also used to operate an indoor team ( of the same name ) in the NPSL ( at the Bell Centre , then at Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard ) with many of the same players , from 1997-1998 to 1999-2000 . On May 7 , 2010 , Impact owner Joey Saputo was granted a Major League Soccer expansion franchise set to begin play in Saputo Stadium in 2012 . Although , in a legal sense , the Montreal MLS expansion team is an entirely separate legal entity , the new team carries the Impact name and maintains the team 's legacy in the MLS ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2009 Canadian Championship ( officially the Nutrilite Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association that took place in the cities of Montreal , Toronto and Vancouver in 2009 . It is the second Canadian Championship held , after the inaugural competition in 2008 . As in the previous tournament , participating teams were the Montreal Impact , Toronto FC and the Vancouver Whitecaps FC . The tournament consisted of a home and away series between each pair of teams for a total of six games . Toronto FC , winners of the tournament , were awarded the Voyageurs Cup and gained entry into the Preliminary Round of the 2009-10 CONCACAF Champions League . Four of the six matches were broadcast in English by Rogers Sportsnet , while Radio Canada broadcast in French two of Montreal Impact 's matches at Vancouver and at home against Toronto FC ."}]}, {'value': 'Dwayne De Rosario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dwayne_De_Rosario', 'summary': "Dwayne Anthony De Rosario ( born May 15 , 1978 ) is a Canadian professional soccer player , who plays as a forward or as an attacking midfielder . De Rosario last played for the Mississauga MetroStars of the Major Arena Soccer League . A versatile attacker , he played for the Toronto Lynx , FSV Zwickau and Richmond Kickers early in his career . He came to prominence in the 2000s playing in Major League Soccer for the San Jose Earthquakes , Houston Dynamo , Toronto FC , New York Red Bulls and D.C. United . A four-time MLS Cup champion , he also won the 2011 MLS Most Valuable Player award . He is the seventh-leading scorer in MLS history with 104 goals . Internationally , De Rosario represented the Canadian national team from 1998 to 2015 where he is their all-time leading scorer , with 22 goals in 81 games . De Rosario is a 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup champion and four-time Canadian Player of the Year . As part of the Canadian Soccer Association 's 2012 centennial celebration , he was honoured on the all-time Canada XI men 's team ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto_FC', 'summary': "Toronto Football Club is a Canadian professional soccer club based in Toronto . The club competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home matches at BMO Field , located at Exhibition Place on Toronto 's shoreline . Toronto FC joined MLS in 2007 as an expansion team and was the first Canadian-based franchise in the league . The first team is coached by Greg Vanney and operated by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , which also operates the USL League One affiliate team Toronto FC II and most other professional sports franchises in the city . In 2017 , Toronto FC won the domestic treble with the MLS Cup , Supporters ' Shield and Canadian Championship . They are seven-time winners of the Canadian Championship and were runners-up of the 2018 CONCACAF Champions League , as well as MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the club has an estimated value of US $ 395 million and the highest player payroll in Major League Soccer ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2010 Canadian Championship ( officially the Nutrilite Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association that took place in the cities of Montreal , Toronto and Vancouver in 2010 . The tournament has been held annually since 2008 . As in previous tournaments , participating teams included the Montreal Impact , Toronto FC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC . The tournament consisted of home and away series between each pair of teams for a total of six games . Toronto FC won the tournament , claiming the Voyageurs Cup and Canada 's entry into the Preliminary Round of the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League . All six matches were broadcast in English by Rogers Sportsnet ."}]}, {'value': 'Dwayne De Rosario', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2011 Canadian Championship ( officially the Nutrilite Canadian Championship ) was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association that took place in the cities of Edmonton , Montreal , Toronto and Vancouver in 2011 . As in previous tournaments , participating teams included the Montreal Impact , Toronto FC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC . FC Edmonton participated in this year 's competition for the first time . Toronto FC won the tournament , claiming the Voyageurs Cup and Canada 's entry into the preliminary round of the 2011-12 CONCACAF Champions League . The tournament has been held annually since 2008 . The format of the 2011 tournament was different from previous editions . In 2011 , with four teams involved , the tournament was changed to be a home-and-away semifinal round and a similar final round between the winners . Toronto , as reigning champions , were assigned the top seed and were matched with Edmonton , who were assigned the fourth seed as newcomers to the tournament . The two remaining teams , Montreal and Vancouver , faced off in the other semifinal ."}]}, {'value': 'Joao Plata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joao_Plata', 'summary': 'Joao Jimmy Plata Cotera ( Spanish pronunciation : [ joˈau ˈplata ] ; born March 1 , 1992 ) is an Ecuadorian footballer who last played for Real Salt Lake in Major League Soccer as a forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ecuador', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2012 Canadian Championship ( officially the Amway Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association that took place in the cities of Edmonton , Montreal , Toronto and Vancouver in 2012 . As in the previous tournament , participating teams included FC Edmonton , Montreal Impact , Toronto FC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC . It was won by Toronto FC , who defeated the Vancouver Whitecaps 2-1 on aggregate in the final round . As the winner , Toronto FC took the Voyageurs Cup and Canada 's entry into the Group Stage of the 2012-13 CONCACAF Champions League . It was the fifth edition of the annual Canadian Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Ryan Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Johnson_(footballer,_born_1984)', 'summary': 'Ryan Johnson ( born 26 November 1984 ) is a Jamaican footballer who plays as a forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamaica', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2013 Canadian Championship ( officially the Amway Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association that took place in the cities of Edmonton , Montreal , Toronto and Vancouver in 2013 . As in the previous tournament , participating teams included FC Edmonton , Montreal Impact , Toronto FC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC . The Montreal Impact won the Voyageurs Cup and became Canada 's entry into the Group Stage of the 2013-14 CONCACAF Champions League . It was the sixth edition of the annual Canadian Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Justin Mapp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justin_Mapp', 'summary': 'Justin Mapp ( born October 18 , 1984 ) is a retired American soccer player who played as a midfielder . Mapp has been described as being versatile and known for possessing speed and creative abilities from out wide , but also his ability to drift inside and generate offense .'}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Impact', 'summary': "The Montreal Impact ( French : Impact de Montréal ) is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league , being the league 's third Canadian club , and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name . In 2015 , the Impact became the second MLS club , and first Canadian club , to advance to the final of the CONCACAF Champions League , in its current name since 2008 , where they had finished runners up in the two game aggregate goal series against Club América . The Impact had won the Canadian Championship in 2013 , 2014 and 2019 . The club plays its home games at Saputo Stadium and is coached by Thierry Henry ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2014 Canadian Championship ( officially the Amway Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association that took place in the cities of Edmonton , Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto and Vancouver in 2014 . For the first time in the history of the tournament , the Ottawa Fury FC participated in addition to FC Edmonton , Montreal Impact , Toronto FC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC . The winner , Montreal Impact , was awarded the Voyageurs Cup and became Canada 's entry into the Group Stage of the 2014-15 CONCACAF Champions League . It was the seventh edition of the annual Canadian Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Justin Mapp', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2015 Canadian Championship ( officially the Amway Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association . It was the eighth edition of the annual Canadian Championship , and took place in the cities of Edmonton , Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto and Vancouver in 2015 . The participating teams were Ottawa Fury FC and FC Edmonton of the North American Soccer League , the second-level of the Canadian Soccer Pyramid , and Montreal Impact , Toronto FC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC of Major League Soccer , the first-level of Canadian club soccer . Montreal Impact were the two-time defending champions . The winner , Vancouver Whitecaps FC , were awarded the Voyageurs Cup and will become Canada 's entry into the Group Stage of the 2016-17 CONCACAF Champions League . This is a permanent change from procedure used in the past , where the Canadian Champion qualified for the CONCACAF Champions League beginning the same year ( in this case , 2015-16 ) . The tournament moved to an April-August timeframe from its usual April-June timeframe to accommodate the schedule of the 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup held in Canada . It was permanently moved to a June/July timeframe in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Russell Teibert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russell_Teibert', 'summary': 'Russell Teibert ( born December 22 , 1992 ) is a Canadian professional soccer player currently playing as a midfielder for Vancouver Whitecaps FC in Major League Soccer and the Canadian national team . He is of German and Italian descent .'}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vancouver Whitecaps FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC', 'summary': "Vancouver Whitecaps FC is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Vancouver , British Columbia that competes in the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The Whitecaps were the 17th team to enter Major League Soccer and replaced the USSF Division 2 team of the same name in the city . The club has been owned and managed by the same group since their USSF days , having graduated to MLS after the conclusion of the USSF 's 2010 season . The MLS version of the team is a phoenix club , and the third to carry the legacy of the Whitecaps name . In the 2012 season , the team became the first Canadian team to qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2016 Canadian Championship ( officially the Amway Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association . It was the ninth edition of the annual Canadian Championship , and took place in the cities of Edmonton , Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto and Vancouver in 2016 . The participating teams were Ottawa Fury FC and FC Edmonton of the second-division North American Soccer League , and the Montreal Impact , Toronto FC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC of Major League Soccer , the first-level of Canadian club soccer . The Vancouver Whitecaps were the reigning champions ; having won their first title in the 2015 competition . The winner , Toronto FC , was awarded the Voyageurs Cup and was supposed to become Canada 's sole entry into the Group Stage of the 2017-18 CONCACAF Champions League . However , due to that tournament 's restructuring , it was later announced that the Canadian representative at the 2018 CONCACAF Champions League would be determined by a playoff match between Toronto FC and the 2017 Canadian Championship winner . Toronto FC went on to win the 2017 edition , however , and qualified without the need for a playoff ."}]}, {'value': 'Benoît Cheyrou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benoît_Cheyrou', 'summary': 'Benoît Cheyrou ( born 3 May 1981 ) is a French retired football player , who played as a central midfielder , and often acted as a deep-lying playmaker for the attack . He is currently the assistant manager of French amateur club La Salesienne de Paris . Cheyrou was known for his vision , distribution , and ability to provide assists . He is a former French youth international having represented his nation at under-19 , under-20 , and under-21 level . Cheyrou is the younger brother of former French international Bruno Cheyrou , who formerly played for English club Liverpool , and is currently a sports broadcaster . The younger Cheyrou earned his first call up to the national team on 25 February 2010 , but unlike his older brother , never made his senior debut for France throughout his playing career . On 26 January 2018 , Benoît joined Toronto FC in an academy coaching role and left his coaching job on August 21 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2017 Canadian Championship was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association . It was the tenth edition of the annual Canadian Championship . The 2017 edition saw the introduction of a rule that required three players to be named in the starting eleven of each participating team who are eligible ( and have declared their intention , if they had otherwise played for another national team ) to play for the Canada men 's national soccer team . Due to the restructuring of the CONCACAF Champions League , the winner of the 2017 Canadian Championship would have advanced to a playoff against Toronto FC , the winner of the 2016 Canadian Championship , to be played in Toronto on August 9 , 2017 , for a place in the 2018 CONCACAF Champions League . However , as Toronto FC won the 2017 Canadian Championship , no playoff game was necessary , and Toronto earned a place in the 2018 CONCACAF Champions League automatically ."}]}, {'value': 'Sebastian Giovinco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sebastian_Giovinco', 'summary': "Sebastian Giovinco ( Italian pronunciation : [ seˈbastjan dʒoˈviŋko ] ; born 26 January 1987 ) is an Italian professional footballer who plays for Saudi Arabian club Al Hilal and the Italy national team as a forward . A quick and creative player on the ball , with excellent vision , technical skills , and an eye for goal , he is a free kick specialist and is capable of playing in several offensive positions . Due to his short stature , dynamic abilities and pace , Giovinco acquired the nickname formica atomica ( atomic ant , after the eponymous Hanna-Barbera character ) in his youth . In 2015 , he was named one of the 100 best footballers in the world by The Guardian , FourFourTwo , and L'Équipe . Giovinco began his professional footballing career with Italian club Juventus in Serie B in 2006 , where he was promoted to the first team after his success with the club 's youth squad ; in his first season , he helped the senior side win the title and earn promotion to Serie A , establishing himself as a promising prospect in the number 10 role . After struggling to break into the starting line-up however , he spent successful stints on loan with Italian clubs Empoli and Parma , where he matured as a player , before earning a move back to Juventus in 2012 . Upon his return to the Turin club , he won two consecutive league titles , but once again struggled to maintain a spot in the team 's starting eleven . This resulted in a high-profile move to Toronto FC of Major League Soccer in early 2015 , in a deal which made him the league 's highest paid player . After joining the Canadian club , Giovinco soon established himself as one of the best players in MLS . During his first year with the club , he broke several league records , including the record for most combined goals and assists in a single season , also helping Toronto FC to qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs for the first time in the club 's history , and winning himself the MLS Golden Boot , the MLS Newcomer of the Year Award , and the MLS MVP Award . In 2016 , he won his first title with Toronto FC , the 2016 Canadian Championship , and became the club 's all-time top goalscorer , helping the club to qualify for the Playoffs once again , reaching the MLS Cup Final . In 2017 , he won his second Canadian Championship , winning the George Gross Memorial Trophy for the best player of the competition , captured the Supporters ' Shield , and also won the 2017 MLS Cup with Toronto FC - for a domestic treble ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': 'The 2018 Canadian Championship was a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association . It was the eleventh edition of the annual Canadian Championship . Toronto FC won the competition for the third consecutive year and qualified for the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League . The 2018 edition saw the invitation of the champions of League1 Ontario ( L1O ) and Première Ligue de soccer du Québec ( PLSQ ) . FC Edmonton suspended operations and did not take part in the Championship this year . As a result , a new format was adopted which saw the L1O and PLSQ champions , the Oakville Blue Devils and A.S. Blainville , enter in a new first qualifying round . As winners of the first qualifying round , AS Blainville played Ottawa Fury FC in the second qualifying round , and the winner of that match , Ottawa Fury , joined the MLS teams in the semi-final round . With six teams , the 2018 edition was the largest edition of the championship to date .'}]}, {'value': 'Jonathan Osorio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Osorio', 'summary': 'Jonathan Osorio ( born June 12 , 1992 ) is a Canadian soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Toronto FC in Major League Soccer and the Canadian national team . He holds the Toronto FC club record for most appearances .'}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Canadian_Championship', 'summary': "The 2019 Canadian Championship was the twelfth edition of the Canadian Championship , contested from May 15 to September 25 , 2019 . Montreal Impact won their fourth Canadian Championship title ( their tenth Voyageurs Cup ) and earned a berth in the 2020 CONCACAF Champions League . The competition expanded to thirteen teams with the introduction of the seven Canadian Premier League ( CPL ) clubs , the most in the competition 's history . The 2019 tournament also marked the first time that clubs from Manitoba and Nova Scotia were represented in the Canadian Championship , and the return of clubs from Alberta after none participated in 2018 . Cavalry FC 's 2-1 aggregate defeat of Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the tournament 's third qualifying round marked the first time in the history of the Canadian Championship that an MLS team was defeated by a non-MLS team in a home-and-away series . Ignacio Piatti was the tournament 's top scorer with four goals and won the George Gross Memorial Trophy , while Zachary Brault-Guillard received the inaugural Best Young Canadian Player award for the best Canadian player of the tournament aged 21 or younger ."}]}, {'value': 'Ignacio Piatti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ignacio_Piatti', 'summary': 'Ignacio Alberto Piatti ( born 4 February 1985 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for San Lorenzo in Argentina . He has played for top division clubs in South America , Europe and North America .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'George Gross Memorial Trophy', 'section_text': "Main article : George Gross Memorial Trophy The George Gross Memorial Trophy was created by the Canadian Soccer Association in 2008 to recognize each tournament 's most valuable player . [ 29 ] The Trophy was named after the late George Gross , a former soccer administrator and a respected journalist .", 'uid': 'Canadian_Championship_5', 'intro': "The Canadian Championship (French: Championnat canadien) is an annual soccer tournament contested by premier Canadian professional teams. The winner is awarded the Voyageurs Cup and Canada's berth in the CONCACAF Champions League. It is currently contested by MLS sides Toronto FC, Vancouver Whitecaps FC, and Montreal Impact, seven Canadian Premier League sides, and the champions of League1 Ontario and the Première Ligue de soccer du Québec. It is unclear if Canadian Premier League expansion team Atlético Ottawa will be included in the 2020 edition. The tournament is organized by the Canadian Soccer Association and has been broadcast on OneSoccer since 2019."} | null | null | The Jamaican Forward celebrates his birthday on the 4th of what month ? | November |
0bac6e027293c6aa | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Placer_County', 'title': 'California Historical Landmarks in Placer County', 'header': ['', 'Landmark name', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '404', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn,_California', 'summary': 'Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Placer County , California . Its population was 13,330 during the 2010 census . Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history , and is registered as a California Historical Landmark . Auburn is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area and is home to the Auburn State Recreation Area , the site of a number of sporting endurance events . Events include the Western States Endurance Run ; the Western States Trail Ride , also known as Tevis Cup Equestrian Ride ; American River 50 Mile Endurance Run ; American River 50 Mile Equestrian Ride ; Way Too Cool 50 Kilometer Endurance Run ; Auburn International Half Iron Triathlon ; Auburn Century 100 Mile Bike Ride ; Coolest 24 Hour Mountain Bike Race ; Rio Del Lago 100 Mile Endurance Run ; Sierra Nevada 50 Mile Endurance Run ; and the Coolest Run : Ride & Tie .'}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 38°53′55″N 121°04′28″W / 38.898611°N 121.074444°W / 38.898611 ; -121.074444 ( Auburn )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn,_California', 'summary': 'Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Placer County , California . Its population was 13,330 during the 2010 census . Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history , and is registered as a California Historical Landmark . Auburn is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area and is home to the Auburn State Recreation Area , the site of a number of sporting endurance events . Events include the Western States Endurance Run ; the Western States Trail Ride , also known as Tevis Cup Equestrian Ride ; American River 50 Mile Endurance Run ; American River 50 Mile Equestrian Ride ; Way Too Cool 50 Kilometer Endurance Run ; Auburn International Half Iron Triathlon ; Auburn Century 100 Mile Bike Ride ; Coolest 24 Hour Mountain Bike Race ; Rio Del Lago 100 Mile Endurance Run ; Sierra Nevada 50 Mile Endurance Run ; and the Coolest Run : Ride & Tie .'}]}, {'value': '397', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dutch Flat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dutch_Flat,_California', 'summary': "Dutch Flat ( also , Dutchman 's Flat , Dutch Charlie 's Flat , and Charley 's Flat ) is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Placer County , California , United States , about 30 miles ( 48 km ) northeast of Auburn along Interstate 80 . It was founded by German immigrants in 1851 and was once one of the richest gold mining locations in California . Dutch Flat is now registered as a California Historical Landmark . The community 's ZIP code is 95714 and its area code 530 ."}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 39°12′22″N 120°50′16″W / 39.206111°N 120.837778°W / 39.206111 ; -120.837778 ( Dutch Flat )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dutch Flat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dutch_Flat,_California', 'summary': "Dutch Flat ( also , Dutchman 's Flat , Dutch Charlie 's Flat , and Charley 's Flat ) is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Placer County , California , United States , about 30 miles ( 48 km ) northeast of Auburn along Interstate 80 . It was founded by German immigrants in 1851 and was once one of the richest gold mining locations in California . Dutch Flat is now registered as a California Historical Landmark . The community 's ZIP code is 95714 and its area code 530 ."}]}, {'value': '403', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emigrant Gap', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emigrant_Gap', 'summary': "Emigrant Gap is a gap in a ridge on the California Trail as it crosses the Sierra Nevada , to the west of what is now known as Donner Pass . Here the cliffs are so steep that , back in the 1840s , the pioneers on their way to California had to lower their wagons on ropes in order to continue . The Emigrant Gap was so named because it was a low gap on a ridge where the emigrants ' wagons crossed from the American River drainage to the Bear River drainage . It was part of the Truckee Route , a portion of the California Trail by which pioneers , heading west , emigrated from the United States to California , which was part of Mexico until it was captured by the United States in the Mexican-American War ( 1846-1848 ) . There is a California historical marker ( number 403 ) on Interstate 80 commemorating this brave and arduous task , which was dedicated on June 25 , 1950 ."}]}, {'value': 'Emigrant Gap Vista Pt , Interstate 80 39°18′11″N 120°39′58″W / 39.303°N 120.666°W / 39.303 ; -120.666 ( Emigrant Gap )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emigrant Gap', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emigrant_Gap,_California', 'summary': 'Emigrant Gap ( formerly , Wilsons Ranch ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . Emigrant Gap is located 0.25 miles ( 0.4 km ) southwest of Emigrant Gap . It lies at an elevation of 5190 feet ( 1582 m ) . The Wilsons Ranch post office opened in 1865 , changed its name to Emigrant Gap in 1868 . The name Wilsons Ranch honored a stage stop operator .'}]}, {'value': '399', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foresthill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foresthill,_California', 'summary': 'Foresthill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Placer County , California , United States . It is part of the Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 1,483 at the 2010 census , down from 1,791 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 39°01′10″N 120°50′10″W / 39.019444°N 120.836111°W / 39.019444 ; -120.836111 ( Foresthill )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foresthill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foresthill,_California', 'summary': 'Foresthill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Placer County , California , United States . It is part of the Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 1,483 at the 2010 census , down from 1,791 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '405', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Run', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gold_Run,_California', 'summary': 'Gold Run was a former mining town of the California Gold Rush , located in Placer County , California . The former settlement is a listed California Historical Landmark ( # 405 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 39°10′51″N 120°51′21″W / 39.180833°N 120.855833°W / 39.180833 ; -120.855833 ( Gold Run )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Run', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gold_Run,_California', 'summary': 'Gold Run was a former mining town of the California Gold Rush , located in Placer County , California . The former settlement is a listed California Historical Landmark ( # 405 ) .'}]}, {'value': '885', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Griffith Quarry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Griffith_Quarry', 'summary': 'Griffith Quarry , a registered California Historical Landmark listed on the National Register of Historic Places , was a former granite quarry near Penryn , California .'}]}, {'value': 'Taylor and Rock Springs Rds . 38°51′04″N 121°09′52″W / 38.851131°N 121.164439°W / 38.851131 ; -121.164439 ( Griffith Quarry )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Penryn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penryn,_California', 'summary': "Penryn ( Washo : pénwin ) is a census-designated place in Placer County , California , in the United States . Geographic location is 38°51′08″N 121°10′06″W / 38.85222°N 121.16833°W / 38.85222 ; -121.16833 . Penryn is located 5.5 miles ( 8.9 km ) northeast of Rocklin . The community 's ZIP code is 95663 and the area code 916 . The population was 831 at the 2010 census ."}]}, {'value': '401', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iowa Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_Hill,_California', 'summary': "Iowa Hill ( formerly , Iowa City ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . The town is located 6.5 miles northwest of Foresthill 9 miles east of Colfax and 58 miles northeast of Sacramento . It lies at an elevation of 2861 feet . The community relies completely upon solar panels and generators for power . Population is around 200 people . Iowa Hill Road claims a small handful of lives every decade , and along with its off grid status , prevents the town from growing in population . The community boasts many hardcore cyclists and is appealing to visitors due to the abundance of recreational opportunities . Iowa Hill Road is a very steep , one-lane , winding road embedded within the mountains . There are no safety guardrails . Since ambulance service from Colfax takes a long time , emergency medical transport is supplemented by CALSTAR , the area 's air rescue helicopter . A landing pad is located next to the town fire house ."}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 39°06′31″N 120°51′34″W / 39.108611°N 120.859444°W / 39.108611 ; -120.859444 ( Iowa Hill )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iowa Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_Hill,_California', 'summary': "Iowa Hill ( formerly , Iowa City ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . The town is located 6.5 miles northwest of Foresthill 9 miles east of Colfax and 58 miles northeast of Sacramento . It lies at an elevation of 2861 feet . The community relies completely upon solar panels and generators for power . Population is around 200 people . Iowa Hill Road claims a small handful of lives every decade , and along with its off grid status , prevents the town from growing in population . The community boasts many hardcore cyclists and is appealing to visitors due to the abundance of recreational opportunities . Iowa Hill Road is a very steep , one-lane , winding road embedded within the mountains . There are no safety guardrails . Since ambulance service from Colfax takes a long time , emergency medical transport is supplemented by CALSTAR , the area 's air rescue helicopter . A landing pad is located next to the town fire house ."}]}, {'value': '797', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Tahoe outlet gates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Tahoe_Dam', 'summary': "Lake Tahoe Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Truckee River , at the outlet of Lake Tahoe in Placer County , California . Tahoe Dam regulates the top six feet of Lake Tahoe , and distributes the water into Tahoe 's primary outflow , the Truckee River . The dam is located in Tahoe City and serves as the main storage facility for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 's Newlands Project that also includes the Lahontan Dam and two diversion dams , providing irrigation water for 55,000 acres ( 22,000 ha ) of cropland mainly in the Lahontan Valley of western Nevada . The present Lake Tahoe dam replaced an older , privately owned dam built in 1870 at roughly the same location . The dam was built between 1909 and 1913 and stands 18.2 ft ( 5.5 m ) high and 109 ft ( 33 m ) long , raising Lake Tahoe by up to 10.1 ft ( 3.1 m ) . Outflows from the dam are regulated by a gated spillway with 17 bays , with a maximum release capacity of 2,100 cubic feet per second ( 59 m3/s ) . It is situated 400 feet downstream from the lake 's natural shore . This is meant to help hydraulic control during a dry season with low water levels . The reservoir receives water from a catchment of 505 sq mi ( 1,310 km2 ) and has a maximum storage capacity of 732,000 acre⋅ft ( 0.903 km3 ) ."}]}, {'value': '73 N Lake Blvd . 39°10′00″N 120°08′36″W / 39.166617°N 120.14345°W / 39.166617 ; -120.14345 ( Lake Tahoe outlet gates )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tahoe City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tahoe_City,_California', 'summary': 'Tahoe City ( formerly , Tahoe ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . Tahoe City is located on Lake Tahoe , 14 miles ( 22.5 km ) southeast of Donner Pass . It lies at an elevation of 6250 feet ( 1905 m ) . The site was surveyed in 1863 , and Tahoe House was built in 1864 . The Tahoe post office opened in 1871 , closed for a period in 1896 , and changed its name to Tahoe City in 1949 . The ZIP Code is 96145 . Tahoe City is combined with Sunnyside for census purposes into Sunnyside-Tahoe City census-designated place ( CDP ) .'}]}, {'value': '402', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michigan Bluff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michigan_Bluff,_California', 'summary': 'Michigan Bluff ( formerly , Michigan Bluffs and Michigan City ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . Michigan Bluff is 4.35 miles ( 7.0 km ) east-northeast of Foresthill . It is at an elevation of 3,510 feet ( 1,070 m ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 39°02′35″N 120°44′29″W / 39.043056°N 120.741389°W / 39.043056 ; -120.741389 ( Michigan Bluff )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michigan Bluff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michigan_Bluff,_California', 'summary': 'Michigan Bluff ( formerly , Michigan Bluffs and Michigan City ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . Michigan Bluff is 4.35 miles ( 7.0 km ) east-northeast of Foresthill . It is at an elevation of 3,510 feet ( 1,070 m ) .'}]}, {'value': '463', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ophir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ophir,_California', 'summary': 'Ophir ( also , Spanish Corral and Ophirville ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . Ophir is located 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) west of Auburn . It lies at an elevation of 682 feet ( 208 m ) . Ophir addresses have the ZIP code of 95658 , a Newcastle address .'}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 38°53′28″N 121°07′25″W / 38.891111°N 121.123611°W / 38.891111 ; -121.123611 ( Ophir )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ophir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ophir,_California', 'summary': 'Ophir ( also , Spanish Corral and Ophirville ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . Ophir is located 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) west of Auburn . It lies at an elevation of 682 feet ( 208 m ) . Ophir addresses have the ZIP code of 95658 , a Newcastle address .'}]}, {'value': '799', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Overland Emigrant Trail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Trail', 'summary': 'The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about 3,000 mi ( 4,800 km ) across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California . After it was established , the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail , namely the valleys of the Platte , North Platte , and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming . In the present states of Wyoming , Idaho , and Utah , the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Bend Ranger Station , 2008 Hampshire Rocks Rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soda Springs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soda_Springs,_Placer_County,_California', 'summary': 'Soda Springs ( also , Berkeley Soda Springs and Summit Soda Springs ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . Soda Springs is located on the North Fork of the American River , 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) north-northwest of Granite Chief . It lies at an elevation of 6047 feet ( 1843 m ) . A resort that operated at Soda Springs burned down in 1898 .'}]}, {'value': '585', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pioneer Express Trail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Trail', 'summary': 'The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about 3,000 mi ( 4,800 km ) across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California . After it was established , the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail , namely the valleys of the Platte , North Platte , and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming . In the present states of Wyoming , Idaho , and Utah , the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs .'}]}, {'value': 'Folsom Lake State Recreation Area 38°43′30″N 121°10′19″W / 38.724983°N 121.17205°W / 38.724983 ; -121.17205 ( Pioneer Express Trail )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Folsom_Lake_State_Recreation_Area', 'summary': 'The Folsom Lake State Recreation Area surrounds Folsom Lake in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada , and is managed by the California Department of Parks and Recreation . It is located near the city of Folsom , California , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) east of Sacramento .'}]}, {'value': 'Folsom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Folsom,_California', 'summary': 'Folsom is a city in Sacramento County , California , United States . It is commonly known for Folsom Prison , the song Folsom Prison Blues as well as for Folsom Lake . The population was 72,203 at the 2010 census . The median home price in Folsom , CA is $ 624,000 with the average household income at $ 102,692 . Folsom is part of the Sacramento−Arden-Arcade−Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '724', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pioneer Ski Area of America', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cable Car Building 39°11′48″N 120°14′09″W / 39.196683°N 120.235833°W / 39.196683 ; -120.235833 ( Pioneer Ski Area of America )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Squaw Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Squaw_Valley,_Placer_County,_California', 'summary': 'Olympic Valley , California ( also known as Squaw Valley ) is an unincorporated community located in Placer County northwest of Tahoe City along California State Highway 89 on the banks of the Truckee River near Lake Tahoe . It is home to Squaw Valley Ski Resort , the site of the 1960 Winter Olympics . Olympic Valley is the smallest resort area to host the Olympic Winter Games .'}]}, {'value': '780', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Transcontinental Railroad - Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Transcontinental_Railroad', 'summary': "The First Transcontinental Railroad ( known originally as the Pacific Railroad and later as the Overland Route ) was a 1,912-mile ( 3,077 km ) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs , Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay . The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants . Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds . [ N 1 ] The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from the road 's western terminus at Alameda/Oakland to Sacramento , California . The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory . The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit . The railroad opened for through traffic between Sacramento and Omaha on May 10 , 1869 , when CPRR President Leland Stanford ceremonially tapped the gold Last Spike ( later often referred to as the Golden Spike ) with a silver hammer at Promontory Summit . In the following six months , the last leg from Sacramento to San Francisco Bay was completed . The resulting coast-to-coast railroad connection revolutionized the settlement and economy of the American West . It brought the western states and territories into alignment with the northern Union states and made transporting passengers and goods coast-to-coast considerably quicker , safer and less expensive . Paddle steamers linked Sacramento to the cities and their harbor facilities in the San Francisco Bay until late 1869 , when the CPRR completed and opened the Western Pacific portion ( which the CPRR had acquired control of in 1867-68 [ N 2 ] [ N 3 ] ) to Alameda first and then to Oakland . The first transcontinental rail passengers arrived at the Pacific Railroad 's original western terminus at the Alameda Terminal on September 6 , 1869 , where they transferred to the steamer Alameda for transport across the Bay to San Francisco ."}]}, {'value': '639 Lincoln Way 38°54′07″N 121°03′58″W / 38.901867°N 121.066133°W / 38.901867 ; -121.066133 ( Transcontinental Railroad - Auburn )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn,_California', 'summary': 'Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Placer County , California . Its population was 13,330 during the 2010 census . Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history , and is registered as a California Historical Landmark . Auburn is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area and is home to the Auburn State Recreation Area , the site of a number of sporting endurance events . Events include the Western States Endurance Run ; the Western States Trail Ride , also known as Tevis Cup Equestrian Ride ; American River 50 Mile Endurance Run ; American River 50 Mile Equestrian Ride ; Way Too Cool 50 Kilometer Endurance Run ; Auburn International Half Iron Triathlon ; Auburn Century 100 Mile Bike Ride ; Coolest 24 Hour Mountain Bike Race ; Rio Del Lago 100 Mile Endurance Run ; Sierra Nevada 50 Mile Endurance Run ; and the Coolest Run : Ride & Tie .'}]}, {'value': '780', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Transcontinental Railroad - Colfax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Transcontinental_Railroad', 'summary': "The First Transcontinental Railroad ( known originally as the Pacific Railroad and later as the Overland Route ) was a 1,912-mile ( 3,077 km ) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs , Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay . The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants . Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds . [ N 1 ] The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from the road 's western terminus at Alameda/Oakland to Sacramento , California . The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory . The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit . The railroad opened for through traffic between Sacramento and Omaha on May 10 , 1869 , when CPRR President Leland Stanford ceremonially tapped the gold Last Spike ( later often referred to as the Golden Spike ) with a silver hammer at Promontory Summit . In the following six months , the last leg from Sacramento to San Francisco Bay was completed . The resulting coast-to-coast railroad connection revolutionized the settlement and economy of the American West . It brought the western states and territories into alignment with the northern Union states and made transporting passengers and goods coast-to-coast considerably quicker , safer and less expensive . Paddle steamers linked Sacramento to the cities and their harbor facilities in the San Francisco Bay until late 1869 , when the CPRR completed and opened the Western Pacific portion ( which the CPRR had acquired control of in 1867-68 [ N 2 ] [ N 3 ] ) to Alameda first and then to Oakland . The first transcontinental rail passengers arrived at the Pacific Railroad 's original western terminus at the Alameda Terminal on September 6 , 1869 , where they transferred to the steamer Alameda for transport across the Bay to San Francisco ."}]}, {'value': 'Grass Valley Street and Railroad Tracks in Railroad Park 39°06′01″N 120°57′10″W / 39.100183°N 120.95265°W / 39.100183 ; -120.95265 ( Transcontinental Railroad - Colfax )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colfax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colfax,_California', 'summary': "Colfax ( formerly , Alden Grove , Alder Grove , Illinoistown , and Upper Corral ) is a city in Placer County , California , at the crossroads of Interstate 80 and State Route 174 . The population was 1,963 at the 2010 census . The town is named in honor of U.S. Vice President Schuyler Colfax ( 1869-73 ) , a bronze statue of whom stands at Railroad Street and Grass Valley Street . ( This is the only known statue of Schuyler Colfax in the United States ) . Some of the town 's notable features include the newly restored Southern Pacific Railroad colonnade-style depot ( which houses the Colfax Museum and Chamber of Commerce ) built in 1905 , the downtown shops on Main Street , and Colfax High School , which serves a large surrounding area ."}]}, {'value': '780', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Transcontinental Railroad - Newcastle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Transcontinental_Railroad', 'summary': "The First Transcontinental Railroad ( known originally as the Pacific Railroad and later as the Overland Route ) was a 1,912-mile ( 3,077 km ) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs , Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay . The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants . Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds . [ N 1 ] The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from the road 's western terminus at Alameda/Oakland to Sacramento , California . The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory . The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit . The railroad opened for through traffic between Sacramento and Omaha on May 10 , 1869 , when CPRR President Leland Stanford ceremonially tapped the gold Last Spike ( later often referred to as the Golden Spike ) with a silver hammer at Promontory Summit . In the following six months , the last leg from Sacramento to San Francisco Bay was completed . The resulting coast-to-coast railroad connection revolutionized the settlement and economy of the American West . It brought the western states and territories into alignment with the northern Union states and made transporting passengers and goods coast-to-coast considerably quicker , safer and less expensive . Paddle steamers linked Sacramento to the cities and their harbor facilities in the San Francisco Bay until late 1869 , when the CPRR completed and opened the Western Pacific portion ( which the CPRR had acquired control of in 1867-68 [ N 2 ] [ N 3 ] ) to Alameda first and then to Oakland . The first transcontinental rail passengers arrived at the Pacific Railroad 's original western terminus at the Alameda Terminal on September 6 , 1869 , where they transferred to the steamer Alameda for transport across the Bay to San Francisco ."}]}, {'value': 'Main and Page Sts 38°52′32″N 121°08′03″W / 38.875617°N 121.134167°W / 38.875617 ; -121.134167 ( Transcontinental Railroad - Newcastle )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newcastle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newcastle,_California', 'summary': "Newcastle is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Placer County , California . Newcastle is located 8 miles ( 12.9 km ) northeast of Rocklin . It is nestled in the Sierra Nevada foothills , 31 miles northeast of Sacramento . Newcastle generally has moderate winters and warm summers . The latitude of Newcastle is 38.874N , the longitude is -121.132W , and an elevation of 945 ft . The town 's zip code is 95658 and area code 916 . The population of the CDP as of the 2010 U.S. Census is 1,224 ."}]}, {'value': '780', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Transcontinental Railroad - Rocklin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Transcontinental_Railroad', 'summary': "The First Transcontinental Railroad ( known originally as the Pacific Railroad and later as the Overland Route ) was a 1,912-mile ( 3,077 km ) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs , Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay . The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants . Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds . [ N 1 ] The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from the road 's western terminus at Alameda/Oakland to Sacramento , California . The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory . The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit . The railroad opened for through traffic between Sacramento and Omaha on May 10 , 1869 , when CPRR President Leland Stanford ceremonially tapped the gold Last Spike ( later often referred to as the Golden Spike ) with a silver hammer at Promontory Summit . In the following six months , the last leg from Sacramento to San Francisco Bay was completed . The resulting coast-to-coast railroad connection revolutionized the settlement and economy of the American West . It brought the western states and territories into alignment with the northern Union states and made transporting passengers and goods coast-to-coast considerably quicker , safer and less expensive . Paddle steamers linked Sacramento to the cities and their harbor facilities in the San Francisco Bay until late 1869 , when the CPRR completed and opened the Western Pacific portion ( which the CPRR had acquired control of in 1867-68 [ N 2 ] [ N 3 ] ) to Alameda first and then to Oakland . The first transcontinental rail passengers arrived at the Pacific Railroad 's original western terminus at the Alameda Terminal on September 6 , 1869 , where they transferred to the steamer Alameda for transport across the Bay to San Francisco ."}]}, {'value': 'Rocklin Rd and First St 38°47′30″N 121°14′16″W / 38.791683°N 121.237883°W / 38.791683 ; -121.237883 ( Transcontinental Railroad - Rocklin )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rocklin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rocklin,_California', 'summary': "Rocklin is a city in Placer County , California located approximately 22 miles ( 35 km ) from Sacramento , California , and about 6.1 miles ( 9.8 km ) northeast of Roseville in the Sacramento metropolitan area . Besides Roseville , it shares borders with Granite Bay , Loomis and Lincoln . As of the 2010 census , Rocklin 's population was 56,974 . The California Department of Finance placed the 2019 population at 69,249 with a 3.8% YOY growth rate ."}]}, {'value': '780', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Transcontinental Railroad - Roseville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Transcontinental_Railroad', 'summary': "The First Transcontinental Railroad ( known originally as the Pacific Railroad and later as the Overland Route ) was a 1,912-mile ( 3,077 km ) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs , Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay . The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants . Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds . [ N 1 ] The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from the road 's western terminus at Alameda/Oakland to Sacramento , California . The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory . The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit . The railroad opened for through traffic between Sacramento and Omaha on May 10 , 1869 , when CPRR President Leland Stanford ceremonially tapped the gold Last Spike ( later often referred to as the Golden Spike ) with a silver hammer at Promontory Summit . In the following six months , the last leg from Sacramento to San Francisco Bay was completed . The resulting coast-to-coast railroad connection revolutionized the settlement and economy of the American West . It brought the western states and territories into alignment with the northern Union states and made transporting passengers and goods coast-to-coast considerably quicker , safer and less expensive . Paddle steamers linked Sacramento to the cities and their harbor facilities in the San Francisco Bay until late 1869 , when the CPRR completed and opened the Western Pacific portion ( which the CPRR had acquired control of in 1867-68 [ N 2 ] [ N 3 ] ) to Alameda first and then to Oakland . The first transcontinental rail passengers arrived at the Pacific Railroad 's original western terminus at the Alameda Terminal on September 6 , 1869 , where they transferred to the steamer Alameda for transport across the Bay to San Francisco ."}]}, {'value': 'Church St. & Washington Blvd . 38°45′04″N 121°17′10″W / 38.751033°N 121.28615°W / 38.751033 ; -121.28615 ( Transcontinental Railroad - Roseville )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roseville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roseville,_California', 'summary': "Roseville ( formerly Roseville Junction , Junction , and Grider 's ) is the largest city in Placer County , California , United States , in the Sacramento metropolitan area . As of 2018 , the US Census Bureau estimated the city 's population to be 139,117 . Interstate 80 runs through Roseville and State Route 65 runs through part of the northern edge of the city ."}]}, {'value': '400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginiatown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginiatown,_California', 'summary': 'Virginiatown ( formerly , Virginia ) is an unincorporated community in Placer County , California . Virginiatown is located on Auburn Ravine , 7.5 miles ( 12.1 km ) west of Auburn . It lies at an elevation of 322 feet ( 98 m ) . Virginiatown is California Historical Landmark # 400 .'}]}, {'value': '4725 Virginiatown Rd . 38°54′02″N 121°12′53″W / 38.900556°N 121.214722°W / 38.900556 ; -121.214722 ( Virginiatown )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newcastle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newcastle,_California', 'summary': "Newcastle is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Placer County , California . Newcastle is located 8 miles ( 12.9 km ) northeast of Rocklin . It is nestled in the Sierra Nevada foothills , 31 miles northeast of Sacramento . Newcastle generally has moderate winters and warm summers . The latitude of Newcastle is 38.874N , the longitude is -121.132W , and an elevation of 945 ft . The town 's zip code is 95658 and area code 916 . The population of the CDP as of the 2010 U.S. Census is 1,224 ."}]}, {'value': '398', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yankee Jims', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yankee_Jims,_California', 'summary': "Yankee Jims ( also , Yankee Jim and Yankee Jim 's ) is a small community in Placer County , California . It lies at an elevation of 2582 feet ( 787 m ) in the Sierra Nevada foothills . Yankee Jims is located 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) west-northwest of Foresthill ."}]}, {'value': 'Colfax Foresthill and Springs Garden Rds . 39°01′46″N 120°51′42″W / 39.029444°N 120.861667°W / 39.029444 ; -120.861667 ( Yankee Jims )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foresthill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foresthill,_California', 'summary': 'Foresthill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Placer County , California , United States . It is part of the Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 1,483 at the 2010 census , down from 1,791 at the 2000 census .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Placer_County,_California_0', 'intro': 'List table of the properties and districts - listed on the California Historical Landmarks - within Placer County, California.'} | null | null | What statistical area is the CDP a part of where the Yankee Jims landmark is located ? | Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area |
0bac8f96c1bcba63 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCovey_Cove', 'title': 'McCovey Cove', 'header': ['No', 'Hitter', 'Team', 'Date', 'Pitcher'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Todd Hundley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_Hundley', 'summary': 'Todd Randolph Hundley ( born May 27 , 1969 ) is a former Major League Baseball catcher and outfielder . He is the son of former Chicago Cubs catcher Randy Hundley . Hundley is a graduate of William Fremd High School and attended William Rainey Harper College . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Dodgers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers', 'summary': 'The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Established in 1883 in Brooklyn , New York , the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season . They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in 1962 . The Dodgers have won six World Series championships and twenty three National League pennants . Eleven NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers , winning a total of thirteen MVP Awards ; eight Cy Young Award winners have also pitched for the Dodgers , winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards . The team has eighteen Rookie of the Year Award winners , more than twice as many as the second place New York Yankees 8 . The Dodgers have had four consecutive Rookies of the Year from 1979 to 1982 and five in a row from 1992 to 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'June 30 , 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robb Nen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robb_Nen', 'summary': "Robert Allen Nen ( born November 28 , 1969 ) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed relief pitcher . He spent most of his career as a closer . He is the son of former major league first baseman Dick Nen . He currently works in the Giants ' front office as a special assistant to General Manager Farhan Zaidi . Nen is best known for his years with the San Francisco Giants ( 1998-2002 ) , with whom he was a three-time All-Star and played in the 2002 World Series . He also played with the Texas Rangers ( 1993 ) and Florida Marlins ( 1993-97 ) ; in 1997 , Nen won the World Series championship with the Marlins . Nen has 314 career saves with the Marlins ( 1993-1997 ; 108 saves ) and Giants ( 1998-2002 ; 206 saves ) . He was 8th overall in career saves when he retired , and stands 21st at the end of the 2017 season . Nen wore number 31 as his jersey number throughout his career ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luis Gonzalez ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_Gonzalez_(outfielder)', 'summary': "Luis Emilio Gonzalez ( born September 3 , 1967 ) , nicknamed Gonzo , is an American former baseball outfielder who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for seven teams . Gonzalez spent his best years with the Arizona Diamondbacks and was one of the most popular players in the organization 's history . His game-winning hit in Game 7 of the 2001 World Series against New York Yankees closer Mariano Rivera clinched the Diamondbacks ' first and only World Series championship to date . Gonzalez was a five-time All-Star and won a Silver Slugger Award in 2001 . After retiring from baseball in 2008 , Gonzalez joined the Diamondbacks ' front office in 2009 as a special assistant to the president . The following year , the team retired his uniform number # 20 , making him the first player so honored by the Diamondbacks ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Diamondbacks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks', 'summary': "The Arizona Diamondbacks , often shortened as the D-backs , are an American professional baseball team based in Phoenix , Arizona . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) West division . The team plays its home games at Chase Field , formerly known as Bank One Ballpark . The Diamondbacks have won one World Series championship ( defeating the New York Yankees in 2001 ) - becoming the fastest expansion team in Major League history to win a championship , which it did in only the fourth season since the franchise 's inception ."}]}, {'value': 'September 23 , 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shawn Estes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shawn_Estes', 'summary': 'Aaron Shawn Estes ( born February 18 , 1973 ) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Grace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Grace', 'summary': 'Mark Eugene Grace ( born June 28 , 1964 ) is a former Major League Baseball ( MLB ) first baseman who spent 16 seasons with the Chicago Cubs and Arizona Diamondbacks of the National League ( NL ) . He was a member of the 2001 World Series champion Diamondbacks that beat the New York Yankees . Grace batted and threw left-handed ; he wore jersey number 28 and 17 during his rookie season of 1988 , and he kept number 17 for the remainder of his career .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Diamondbacks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks', 'summary': "The Arizona Diamondbacks , often shortened as the D-backs , are an American professional baseball team based in Phoenix , Arizona . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) West division . The team plays its home games at Chase Field , formerly known as Bank One Ballpark . The Diamondbacks have won one World Series championship ( defeating the New York Yankees in 2001 ) - becoming the fastest expansion team in Major League history to win a championship , which it did in only the fourth season since the franchise 's inception ."}]}, {'value': 'May 28 , 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim Worrell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Worrell', 'summary': "Timothy Howard Worrell ( born July 5 , 1967 ) is a former professional baseball pitcher . A right-hander , he pitched all or part of fourteen seasons in Major League Baseball , primarily as a relief pitcher . During his major league career , Worrell pitched for nine teams , including the San Diego Padres , Cleveland Indians , Detroit Tigers , Oakland Athletics , Baltimore Orioles , Chicago Cubs , San Francisco Giants ( twice ) , Philadelphia Phillies , and Arizona Diamondbacks . Worrell 's greatest success came in 2003 when he replaced the injured Robb Nen as the closer for San Francisco . After the season Worrell signed with the Philadelphia Phillies , where he returned to his previous role as a set-up pitcher , often pitching the eighth inning before Phillies closer Billy Wagner entered the game . Worrell is the younger brother of former Major League pitcher Todd Worrell , himself a former closer for the St. Louis Cardinals and Los Angeles Dodgers . On May 6 , 2005 , Worrell stated that he was dealing with personal psychological issues that had to be resolved and was subsequently placed on the 15-day disabled list . Prior to this disclosure Worrell had struggled , posting a 9.82 ERA , by far the worst of his career . Seemingly back to his old self , Worrell returned to pitch a perfect ninth on July 4 , 2005 and completed the season in Arizona with an exceptional 0.90 ERA over his last 18 games . On December 1 , 2005 , Worrell 's return to the San Francisco Giants was agreed , with a two-year contract valued at $ 4 million . On January 10 , 2007 , he announced his retirement due to a persistent nerve problem in his neck . Worrell stated that his major league career is not completely over as he wanted to get into coaching ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luis Gonzalez ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_Gonzalez_(outfielder)', 'summary': "Luis Emilio Gonzalez ( born September 3 , 1967 ) , nicknamed Gonzo , is an American former baseball outfielder who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for seven teams . Gonzalez spent his best years with the Arizona Diamondbacks and was one of the most popular players in the organization 's history . His game-winning hit in Game 7 of the 2001 World Series against New York Yankees closer Mariano Rivera clinched the Diamondbacks ' first and only World Series championship to date . Gonzalez was a five-time All-Star and won a Silver Slugger Award in 2001 . After retiring from baseball in 2008 , Gonzalez joined the Diamondbacks ' front office in 2009 as a special assistant to the president . The following year , the team retired his uniform number # 20 , making him the first player so honored by the Diamondbacks ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Diamondbacks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks', 'summary': "The Arizona Diamondbacks , often shortened as the D-backs , are an American professional baseball team based in Phoenix , Arizona . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) West division . The team plays its home games at Chase Field , formerly known as Bank One Ballpark . The Diamondbacks have won one World Series championship ( defeating the New York Yankees in 2001 ) - becoming the fastest expansion team in Major League history to win a championship , which it did in only the fourth season since the franchise 's inception ."}]}, {'value': 'May 30 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirk Rueter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirk_Rueter', 'summary': 'Kirk Wesley Rueter ( born December 1 , 1970 ) is a former left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball . Rueter played for the Montreal Expos and the San Francisco Giants .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Klesko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Klesko', 'summary': 'Ryan Anthony Klesko ( born June 12 , 1971 ) is a former Major League Baseball first baseman and corner outfielder who played for the Atlanta Braves , San Diego Padres and San Francisco Giants . He attended Westminster High School in Westminster , California .'}]}, {'value': 'San Diego Padres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_Padres', 'summary': 'The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball team based in San Diego , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Founded in 1969 , the Padres have won two NL pennants - in 1984 and 1998 , losing in the World Series both years . As of 2018 , they have had 14 winning seasons in franchise history . The Padres are one of two Major League Baseball teams ( the other being the Los Angeles Angels ) in California to originate from that state ; the Athletics were originally from Philadelphia ( and moved to the state from Kansas City ) , and the Dodgers and Giants are originally from two New York City boroughs - Brooklyn and Manhattan , respectively . The Padres are the only MLB team that does not share its city with another franchise in the four major American professional sports leagues . The Padres are the only major professional sports franchise to be located in San Diego , following the relocation of the Chargers to Los Angeles in 2017 . They are also the only franchise in the MLB not to have a no-hitter , having gone 8,020 games without throwing one , a major league record to begin a franchise .'}]}, {'value': 'April 9 , 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Jensen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Jensen_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Larry Ryan Jensen ( born September 17 , 1975 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the San Francisco Giants and Kansas City Royals . He won 13 games in 2002 for the Giants .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hee-Seop Choi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hee-Seop_Choi', 'summary': 'Hee-seop Choi ( /ˌhiː ˌsɒp ˈtʃɔɪ/ ; Hangul : 최희섭 ; Hanja : 崔熙燮 ; [ tɕʰø.ɦi.sʌp̚ ] ; born March 16 , 1979 ) is a South Korean former professional baseball first baseman . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Chicago Cubs , Florida Marlins , and Los Angeles Dodgers and in the KBO League for the Kia Tigers .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida Marlins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_Marlins', 'summary': 'The Miami Marlins are an American professional baseball team based in Miami , Florida . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . Their home park is Marlins Park . Though one of only two MLB franchises to have never won a division title ( the other being the Colorado Rockies ) , the Marlins have won two World Series championships as a wild card team . The team began play as an expansion team in the 1993 season as the Florida Marlins and played home games from their inaugural season to the 2012 season at what was originally called Joe Robbie Stadium , which they shared with the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Since the 2012 season , they have played at Marlins Park in downtown Miami , on the site of the former Orange Bowl . The new park , unlike their previous home ( which was criticized in its baseball configuration for poor sight lines in some locations ) , was designed foremost as a baseball park . Per an agreement with the city and Miami-Dade County ( which owns the park ) , the Marlins officially changed their name to the Miami Marlins on November 11 , 2011 . They also adopted a new logo , color scheme , and uniforms . The Marlins have the distinction of winning a World Series championship in every postseason they have qualified for to date , having won the World Series in 1997 and 2003 as National League wild card team . They also have the distinction of being the only franchise in the major four North American professional sports leagues ( MLB , NBA , NFL , NHL ) to have never lost a playoff round . They defeated the American League ( AL ) champion Cleveland Indians in the 1997 World Series , with shortstop Édgar Rentería driving in second baseman Craig Counsell for the series-clinching run in the 11th inning of the seventh and deciding game .'}]}, {'value': 'April 30 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Correia ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Correia', 'summary': 'Kevin John Correia ( born August 24 , 1980 ) , is an American former professional baseball pitcher , who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the San Francisco Giants , San Diego Padres , Pittsburgh Pirates , Minnesota Twins , Los Angeles Dodgers , and Philadelphia Phillies .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corey Patterson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corey_Patterson', 'summary': 'Donald Corey Patterson ( born August 13 , 1979 ) is an American former professional baseball center fielder . Currently , he is the head coach of the Brookhaven Bucks in the Sunbelt Baseball League . He is the older brother of outfielder Eric Patterson , and the son of former NFL defensive back Don Patterson .'}]}, {'value': 'Chicago Cubs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Cubs', 'summary': "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago , Illinois . The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field , located on the city 's North Side . The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago ; the other , the Chicago White Sox , is a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The Cubs , first known as the White Stockings , were a founding member of the NL in 1876 , becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903 . The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series . The 1906 Cubs won 116 games , finishing 116-36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of .763 , before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox ( The Hitless Wonders ) by four games to two . The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908 , becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series , and the first to win it twice . Most recently , the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series , which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and a 108-year World Series championship drought , both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball . The 108-year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports . Since the start of divisional play in 1969 , the Cubs have appeared in the postseason ten times through the 2019 season . The Cubs are known as the North Siders , a reference to the location of Wrigley Field within the city of Chicago , and in contrast to the White Sox , whose home field ( Guaranteed Rate Field ) is located on the South Side ."}]}, {'value': 'August 7 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tyler Walker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tyler_Walker_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Tyler Lanier Walker ( born May 16 , 1976 ) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher . He is an alumnus of San Francisco University High School , where he was closely mentored by Duncan Lyon , and University of California , Berkeley . Walker pitched in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the New York Mets ( 2002 ) , San Francisco Giants ( 2004-2006 , 2007-2008 ) , Tampa Bay Devil Rays ( 2006 ) , Philadelphia Phillies ( 2009 ) , and Washington Nationals ( 2010 ) .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cliff Floyd ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cliff_Floyd', 'summary': 'Cornelius Clifford Floyd Jr. ( born December 5 , 1972 ) is a former Major League Baseball left fielder who played for 17 seasons , most notably for the Montreal Expos , Florida Marlins and New York Mets . He is currently a baseball analyst who co-hosts on Sirius XM Radio and appears on MLB Network .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Mets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Mets', 'summary': "The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . They are one of two MLB teams based in New York City , the other being the New York Yankees of the American League ( AL ) . One of baseball 's first expansion teams , the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York 's departed NL teams , the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants . The team 's colors combine the Dodgers ' blue and the Giants ' orange . For the 1962 and 1963 seasons , the Mets played home games at the Polo Grounds . From 1964 to 2008 , their home ballpark was Shea Stadium . In 2009 , they moved into their current ballpark , Citi Field . In their inaugural season , the Mets posted a record of 40-120 , the worst regular season record since MLB went to a 162-game schedule . The team never finished better than second-to-last until the Miracle Mets beat the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series , one of the biggest upsets in World Series history . Since then , they have played in four World Series , including a dramatic run in 1973 that ended in a seven-game loss to the Oakland Athletics , a second championship in 1986 over the Boston Red Sox , a Subway Series loss against their cross-town rivals the New York Yankees in 2000 , and a five-game loss to the Kansas City Royals in 2015 . The Mets qualified to play in the MLB postseason in 1988 and 2006 , coming within one game of the World Series both years ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brett Tomko ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brett_Tomko', 'summary': 'Brett Daniel Tomko ( born April 7 , 1973 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Cincinnati Reds , San Diego Padres , Seattle Mariners , St. Louis Cardinals , San Francisco Giants , Los Angeles Dodgers , New York Yankees , Oakland Athletics , Texas Rangers , and Kansas City Royals .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russell Branyan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russell_Branyan', 'summary': 'Russell Oles Branyan ( born December 19 , 1975 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman , who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Cleveland Indians ( two occasions ) , Cincinnati Reds , Milwaukee Brewers ( two occasions ) , Tampa Bay Devil Rays , San Diego Padres , Philadelphia Phillies , St. Louis Cardinals , Seattle Mariners ( two occasions ) , Arizona Diamondbacks , and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim . He batted left-handed and threw right-handed . While primarily a first baseman , Branyan was capable of playing third base and the outfield , as well . Branyan began his professional career in the Cleveland Indians minor league system . He made his big league debut with the Indians , on September 26 , 1998 . Nicknamed Russell The Muscle for his ability to hit long-distance home runs , Branyan did not typically hit for a high batting average and struck out frequently . However , he consistently drew walks and hit home runs . Branyan also received the nickname 3TO , which stands for three true outcomes , for his propensity to either draw a walk , strike out , or hit a home run . One of the three outcomes occurred in 50.5% of his plate appearances during his major-league career . Because of this , players such as Jack Cust have drawn comparisons to Branyan .'}]}, {'value': 'Milwaukee Brewers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers', 'summary': "The Milwaukee Brewers are an American professional baseball team based in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . The team is named for the city 's association with the brewing industry . Since 2001 , the Brewers have played their home games at Miller Park , which has a seating capacity of 41,900 . The team was founded in 1969 as the Seattle Pilots , an expansion team of the American League ( AL ) , in Seattle , Washington . The Pilots played their home games at Sick 's Stadium . After only one season , the team relocated to Milwaukee , becoming known as the Brewers and playing their home games at Milwaukee County Stadium . In 1998 , the Brewers joined the National League . They are the only franchise to play in four different divisions since the advent of divisional play in Major League Baseball in 1969 . They are also one of two current MLB franchises to switch leagues in their history , the other one being the Houston Astros . The team 's only World Series appearance came in 1982 , and they are one of only six current MLB teams that have never won the World Series . After winning the ALCS against the California Angels , the Brewers faced off against the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series , losing 4-3 ."}]}, {'value': 'April 23 , 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brett Tomko ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brett_Tomko', 'summary': 'Brett Daniel Tomko ( born April 7 , 1973 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Cincinnati Reds , San Diego Padres , Seattle Mariners , St. Louis Cardinals , San Francisco Giants , Los Angeles Dodgers , New York Yankees , Oakland Athletics , Texas Rangers , and Kansas City Royals .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larry Walker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Walker', 'summary': "Larry Kenneth Robert Walker ( born December 1 , 1966 ) is a Canadian former professional baseball right fielder in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . During his 17-year career , he played with the Montreal Expos , Colorado Rockies , and St. Louis Cardinals . In 1997 , he became the only player in major league history to register both a .700 slugging percentage ( SLG ) and 30 stolen bases in the same season , on his way to winning the National League ( NL ) Most Valuable Player Award ( MVP ) . The first player in more than 60 years to record a batting average of .360 in three consecutive seasons from 1997 to 1999 , Walker also won three NL batting championships . He was inducted into Canada 's Sports Hall of Fame in 2007 , and the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in the Class of 2009 , and was named the 13th-greatest sporting figure from Canada by Sports Illustrated in 1999 . In 2020 , he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame . Widely considered a five-tool talent of prodigious athleticism and instincts , Walker hit for both average and power , combined with well above-average speed , defense and throwing strength and accuracy . He was recognized as the top Canadian athlete in 1998 with the Lou Marsh Trophy . Other honors include five MLB All-Star selections , seven Gold Glove Awards , three Silver Slugger Awards , and nine Tip O'Neill Awards . His career SLG of .565 ranks 12th all time . Walker is one of only 19 hitters in history to accomplish a .300 batting average , .400 on-base percentage ( OBP ) , and .500 SLG with at least 5,000 plate appearances , and one of six whose careers began after 1960 . Considering advanced metrics , he is one of only three players in history to rank within the top 100 of each of batting runs , baserunning runs , and defensive runs saved ; the others are Barry Bonds and Willie Mays ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals', 'summary': "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis , Missouri . The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006 . One of the nation 's oldest and most successful professional baseball clubs , the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships , more than any other NL team and second in MLB only to the New York Yankees . The team has won 19 National League pennants , third-most of any team . St. Louis has also won 14 division titles in the East and Central divisions . In 1881 , entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased the Brown Stockings barnstorming club , renamed it the St. Louis Browns , and made it a charter member of the American Association ( AA ) baseball league . The team won four league championships , qualifying them to play in the era 's professional baseball championship tournament , a forerunner of the modern World Series . In two of these championships , the Browns met the Chicago White Stockings , launching the enduring Cardinals-Cubs rivalry . In 1892 , the Browns - also called the Perfectos - joined the National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs , later renamed the National League . In 1900 , the team was renamed the Cardinals . ( Two years later , an unrelated St. Louis Browns team joined the American League . )"}]}, {'value': 'July 8 , 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jason Schmidt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Schmidt', 'summary': 'Jason David Schmidt ( born January 29 , 1973 ) , is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher . In his career , he has played for the Los Angeles Dodgers ( 2007-2009 ) , San Francisco Giants ( 2001-06 ) , Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1996-2001 ) and Atlanta Braves ( 1995-96 ) , by whom he had been drafted in the eighth round , 206th overall , of the 1991 draft .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Delgado ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Delgado', 'summary': 'Carlos Juan Delgado Hernández ( born June 25 , 1972 ) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player . He holds the all-time Major League Baseball home run record among Puerto Rican players , with 473 . He is one of only six players in Major League history to hit 30 home runs in ten consecutive seasons , becoming the fourth player to do so . During his twelve years with the Toronto Blue Jays , Delgado set many team records , including home runs ( 336 ) , RBI ( 1,058 ) , walks ( 827 ) , slugging percentage ( .556 ) , OPS ( .949 ) , runs ( 889 ) , total bases ( 2,786 ) , doubles ( 343 ) , runs created ( 1,077 ) , extra base hits ( 690 ) , times on base ( 2,362 ) , hit by pitch ( 122 ) , intentional walks ( 128 ) and at bats per home run ( 14.9 ) . Delgado also played for the Florida Marlins and New York Mets . On February 4 , 2015 , Delgado was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida Marlins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_Marlins', 'summary': 'The Miami Marlins are an American professional baseball team based in Miami , Florida . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . Their home park is Marlins Park . Though one of only two MLB franchises to have never won a division title ( the other being the Colorado Rockies ) , the Marlins have won two World Series championships as a wild card team . The team began play as an expansion team in the 1993 season as the Florida Marlins and played home games from their inaugural season to the 2012 season at what was originally called Joe Robbie Stadium , which they shared with the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Since the 2012 season , they have played at Marlins Park in downtown Miami , on the site of the former Orange Bowl . The new park , unlike their previous home ( which was criticized in its baseball configuration for poor sight lines in some locations ) , was designed foremost as a baseball park . Per an agreement with the city and Miami-Dade County ( which owns the park ) , the Marlins officially changed their name to the Miami Marlins on November 11 , 2011 . They also adopted a new logo , color scheme , and uniforms . The Marlins have the distinction of winning a World Series championship in every postseason they have qualified for to date , having won the World Series in 1997 and 2003 as National League wild card team . They also have the distinction of being the only franchise in the major four North American professional sports leagues ( MLB , NBA , NFL , NHL ) to have never lost a playoff round . They defeated the American League ( AL ) champion Cleveland Indians in the 1997 World Series , with shortstop Édgar Rentería driving in second baseman Craig Counsell for the series-clinching run in the 11th inning of the seventh and deciding game .'}]}, {'value': 'July 23 , 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Hennessey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Hennessey', 'summary': "Brad Martin Hennessey ( born February 7 , 1980 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the San Francisco Giants . He stands 6 feet 2 inches ( 1.88 m ) tall and weighs 185 pounds ( 84 kg ) . He played for the Giants from 2004-08 and threw five pitches : a fastball , a slider , a changeup , a curveball , and a cutter . Hennessey attended Youngstown State University and set several school records during his tenure with the team . In 2001 , he was selected by the Giants in the first round of the draft . He did not pitch in 2002 because of surgery to remove a non-cancerous tumor from his back . In 2004 , he reached the major leagues for the first time . He spent much of the 2005 season in the major leagues , making 21 starts and posting a 4.64 earned run average ( ERA ) . In 2006 , Hennessey spent time both in the Giants ' starting rotation and the bullpen . He became a relief pitcher full-time in 2007 , spending the entire season in the majors and closing for the Giants part of the time . After posting a 7.81 ERA with the Giants in 2008 , Hennessey was outrighted to the minors ; he refused the assignment and became a free agent ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cliff Floyd ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cliff_Floyd', 'summary': 'Cornelius Clifford Floyd Jr. ( born December 5 , 1972 ) is a former Major League Baseball left fielder who played for 17 seasons , most notably for the Montreal Expos , Florida Marlins and New York Mets . He is currently a baseball analyst who co-hosts on Sirius XM Radio and appears on MLB Network .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Mets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Mets', 'summary': "The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . They are one of two MLB teams based in New York City , the other being the New York Yankees of the American League ( AL ) . One of baseball 's first expansion teams , the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York 's departed NL teams , the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants . The team 's colors combine the Dodgers ' blue and the Giants ' orange . For the 1962 and 1963 seasons , the Mets played home games at the Polo Grounds . From 1964 to 2008 , their home ballpark was Shea Stadium . In 2009 , they moved into their current ballpark , Citi Field . In their inaugural season , the Mets posted a record of 40-120 , the worst regular season record since MLB went to a 162-game schedule . The team never finished better than second-to-last until the Miracle Mets beat the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series , one of the biggest upsets in World Series history . Since then , they have played in four World Series , including a dramatic run in 1973 that ended in a seven-game loss to the Oakland Athletics , a second championship in 1986 over the Boston Red Sox , a Subway Series loss against their cross-town rivals the New York Yankees in 2000 , and a five-game loss to the Kansas City Royals in 2015 . The Mets qualified to play in the MLB postseason in 1988 and 2006 , coming within one game of the World Series both years ."}]}, {'value': 'April 25 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamey Wright', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamey_Wright', 'summary': 'Jamey Alan Wright ( born December 24 , 1974 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher . He played for 10 different teams in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , the Colorado Rockies , Milwaukee Brewers , St. Louis Cardinals , Kansas City Royals , San Francisco Giants , Texas Rangers , Cleveland Indians , Seattle Mariners , Los Angeles Dodgers , and Tampa Bay Rays .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Delgado ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Delgado', 'summary': 'Carlos Juan Delgado Hernández ( born June 25 , 1972 ) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player . He holds the all-time Major League Baseball home run record among Puerto Rican players , with 473 . He is one of only six players in Major League history to hit 30 home runs in ten consecutive seasons , becoming the fourth player to do so . During his twelve years with the Toronto Blue Jays , Delgado set many team records , including home runs ( 336 ) , RBI ( 1,058 ) , walks ( 827 ) , slugging percentage ( .556 ) , OPS ( .949 ) , runs ( 889 ) , total bases ( 2,786 ) , doubles ( 343 ) , runs created ( 1,077 ) , extra base hits ( 690 ) , times on base ( 2,362 ) , hit by pitch ( 122 ) , intentional walks ( 128 ) and at bats per home run ( 14.9 ) . Delgado also played for the Florida Marlins and New York Mets . On February 4 , 2015 , Delgado was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Mets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Mets', 'summary': "The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . They are one of two MLB teams based in New York City , the other being the New York Yankees of the American League ( AL ) . One of baseball 's first expansion teams , the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York 's departed NL teams , the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants . The team 's colors combine the Dodgers ' blue and the Giants ' orange . For the 1962 and 1963 seasons , the Mets played home games at the Polo Grounds . From 1964 to 2008 , their home ballpark was Shea Stadium . In 2009 , they moved into their current ballpark , Citi Field . In their inaugural season , the Mets posted a record of 40-120 , the worst regular season record since MLB went to a 162-game schedule . The team never finished better than second-to-last until the Miracle Mets beat the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series , one of the biggest upsets in World Series history . Since then , they have played in four World Series , including a dramatic run in 1973 that ended in a seven-game loss to the Oakland Athletics , a second championship in 1986 over the Boston Red Sox , a Subway Series loss against their cross-town rivals the New York Yankees in 2000 , and a five-game loss to the Kansas City Royals in 2015 . The Mets qualified to play in the MLB postseason in 1988 and 2006 , coming within one game of the World Series both years ."}]}, {'value': 'April 26 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Morris ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Morris_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Matthew Christian Morris ( born August 9 , 1974 ) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher . He retired on April 30 , 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Delgado ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Delgado', 'summary': 'Carlos Juan Delgado Hernández ( born June 25 , 1972 ) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player . He holds the all-time Major League Baseball home run record among Puerto Rican players , with 473 . He is one of only six players in Major League history to hit 30 home runs in ten consecutive seasons , becoming the fourth player to do so . During his twelve years with the Toronto Blue Jays , Delgado set many team records , including home runs ( 336 ) , RBI ( 1,058 ) , walks ( 827 ) , slugging percentage ( .556 ) , OPS ( .949 ) , runs ( 889 ) , total bases ( 2,786 ) , doubles ( 343 ) , runs created ( 1,077 ) , extra base hits ( 690 ) , times on base ( 2,362 ) , hit by pitch ( 122 ) , intentional walks ( 128 ) and at bats per home run ( 14.9 ) . Delgado also played for the Florida Marlins and New York Mets . On February 4 , 2015 , Delgado was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Mets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Mets', 'summary': "The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . They are one of two MLB teams based in New York City , the other being the New York Yankees of the American League ( AL ) . One of baseball 's first expansion teams , the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York 's departed NL teams , the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants . The team 's colors combine the Dodgers ' blue and the Giants ' orange . For the 1962 and 1963 seasons , the Mets played home games at the Polo Grounds . From 1964 to 2008 , their home ballpark was Shea Stadium . In 2009 , they moved into their current ballpark , Citi Field . In their inaugural season , the Mets posted a record of 40-120 , the worst regular season record since MLB went to a 162-game schedule . The team never finished better than second-to-last until the Miracle Mets beat the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series , one of the biggest upsets in World Series history . Since then , they have played in four World Series , including a dramatic run in 1973 that ended in a seven-game loss to the Oakland Athletics , a second championship in 1986 over the Boston Red Sox , a Subway Series loss against their cross-town rivals the New York Yankees in 2000 , and a five-game loss to the Kansas City Royals in 2015 . The Mets qualified to play in the MLB postseason in 1988 and 2006 , coming within one game of the World Series both years ."}]}, {'value': 'May 9 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Morris ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Morris_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Matthew Christian Morris ( born August 9 , 1974 ) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher . He retired on April 30 , 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adam LaRoche ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam_LaRoche', 'summary': 'David Adam LaRoche ( born November 6 , 1979 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He played for the Atlanta Braves , Pittsburgh Pirates , Boston Red Sox , Arizona Diamondbacks , Washington Nationals and Chicago White Sox . He is the son of pitcher Dave LaRoche and the brother of third baseman Andy LaRoche .'}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Pirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates', 'summary': 'The Pittsburgh Pirates are an American professional baseball team based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . Founded in 1881 under the name Pittsburgh Allegheny , the franchise has won five World Series championships . The Pirates are also often referred to as the Bucs or the Buccos ( derived from buccaneer , a synonym for pirate ) . The team plays its home games at PNC Park , its home since 2001 . The Pirates previously played at Forbes Field from 1909-1970 and at Three Rivers Stadium , so named because of its location near the confluence of the Allegheny , Monongahela , and Ohio rivers , from 1970-2000 . The franchise joined the NL in its eighth season in 1887 and was competitive from its early years , winning three NL titles from 1901 to 1903 , playing in the inaugural World Series in 1903 and winning their first World Series in 1909 behind Honus Wagner . The Pirates have had many ups and downs during their long history , most famously winning the 1960 World Series against the New York Yankees on a series-winning walk-off home run by Bill Mazeroski , the only time that Game 7 of the World Series has ever ended with a home run . They also won the 1971 World Series , led by the talent of Roberto Clemente , and the 1979 World Series under the slogan We Are Family , led by Pops Willie Stargell . After a run of regular-season success in the early 1990s ( winning three straight NL East Division titles ) , the Pirates struggled mightily over the following 20 years , with 20 consecutive losing seasons from 1993 to 2012 - the longest such streak in American professional sports history - before posting a winning record in 2013 of 94-68 , qualifying them for the NL Wild Card . They advanced to the NL Division Series round , where they lost in 5 games to the St. Louis Cardinals . The Pirates made the playoffs in both 2014 and 2015 , losing in the Wild Card Game both times .'}]}, {'value': 'August 11 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim Lincecum ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Lincecum', 'summary': "Timothy Leroy Lincecum ( /ˈlɪnsəkʌm/ LIN-sə-kum ; born June 15 , 1984 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the San Francisco Giants from 2007 to 2015 and for the Los Angeles Angels in 2016 , but as of 2020 had not announced his retirement . Lincecum helped the Giants win three World Series championships in a five-year span . Lincecum was the team 's ace starter in 2010 and relief pitcher in 2012 and 2014 , winning the Babe Ruth Award in 2010 as the most valuable player of the MLB postseason . After attending Liberty Senior High School in Renton , Washington , Lincecum played college baseball at the University of Washington . Pitching for the Washington Huskies , he won the 2006 Golden Spikes Award . That year , Lincecum became the first Washington Husky to be selected in the first round of an MLB Draft , when the San Francisco Giants selected him tenth overall . Nicknamed The Freak for his ability to generate powerful pitches from his athletic but slight physique , the 5 feet 11 inches ( 1.80 m ) 170 pounds ( 77 kg ) power pitcher led the National League in strikeouts and strikeouts per nine innings pitched for three consecutive years in a span from 2008 to 2010 as well as shutouts in 2009 , helping Lincecum win consecutive Cy Young Awards in 2008 and 2009 to become the first MLB pitcher to win the award in his first two full seasons . He has also appeared in four consecutive All-Star Games , from 2008 through 2011 . In 2013 , Lincecum pitched the first Petco Park no-hitter against the San Diego Padres . He repeated the feat again the following year , becoming the first MLB pitcher to throw no-hitters against the same team in consecutive seasons . Lincecum 's 1,736 career strikeouts are the fifth-most by a pitcher who has more strikeouts than innings pitched , behind Hall of Famers Nolan Ryan , Pedro Martínez , Randy Johnson , and Sandy Koufax ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lance Berkman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lance_Berkman', 'summary': "William Lance Berkman ( born February 10 , 1976 ) , nicknamed Big Puma , is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman . He played 15 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Houston Astros , New York Yankees , St. Louis Cardinals and Texas Rangers . Berkman is a six-time MLB All-Star and won a World Series championship and the National League Comeback Player of the Year Award with the Cardinals in 2011 . He stands 6 feet 1 inch ( 1.85 m ) , and weighs 220 pounds ( 100 kg ) . Berkman spent various seasons of his career as a regular at all three outfield positions . A standout baseball player at Canyon High School , Berkman attended Rice University , where he played college baseball for the Owls . Named the 1997 National College Player of the Year , the Astros selected Berkman in the first round of that year 's amateur draft , and he debuted in the major leagues in 1999 . He joined the Astros ' vaunted Killer B 's lineup that included Jeff Bagwell and Craig Biggio as all three players were instrumental in the club 's playoff success . The Astros traded Berkman to the Yankees at the 2010 trade deadline . He signed with the Cardinals as a free agent for the 2011 and 2012 seasons . Berkman played a key part in the Cardinals winning the 2011 World Series , hitting a game-tying single in the bottom of the tenth inning of Game 6 , with the Cardinals just one strike away from elimination . He played the 2013 season with the Rangers before signing a one-day contract with Houston to officially retire as an Astro ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston Astros', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Astros', 'summary': "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston , Texas . The Astros compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division , having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League ( NL ) . The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League as an expansion team in 1962 along with the New York Mets . The current name , reflecting Houston 's role as the host of the Johnson Space Center , was adopted three years later , when they moved into the Astrodome , the first domed sports stadium and the so-called eighth wonder of the world . The Astros moved to a new stadium called Minute Maid Park in 2000 . The Astros played in the NL West division from 1969 to 1993 , then the NL Central division from 1994 to 2012 , before being moved to the AL West as part of a minor realignment in 2013 . The Astros posted their first winning record in 1972 and made the playoffs for the first time in 1980 . The team made its first World Series appearance in 2005 as an NL team , only to be swept by the Chicago White Sox . The team embraced sabermetrics and new technologies in the 2010s , transforming from a tanking 100-loss team into a powerhouse . The Astros won the 2017 World Series , their first championship , against the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games in the wake of Hurricane Harvey . They returned to the World Series in 2019 , losing to the Washington Nationals in seven games . On January 13 , 2020 , the Astros manager A.J ."}]}, {'value': 'May 15 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vinnie Chulk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vinnie_Chulk', 'summary': 'Charles Vincent Vinnie Chulk ( born December 19 , 1978 ) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher . He is of Cuban heritage .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prince Fielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prince_Fielder', 'summary': "Prince Semien Fielder ( born May 9 , 1984 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter , who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Milwaukee Brewers , Detroit Tigers , and Texas Rangers . He was selected in the first round of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft by the Brewers out of Eau Gallie High School in Melbourne , Florida , and spent the first seven years of his MLB career with the Brewers before signing with the Tigers , in January 2012 . In November 2013 , Fielder was traded to the Rangers , where he played the remainder of his career . Fielder is a six-time All-Star . He holds the Brewers ' team record for home runs ( HR ) in a season , and is the youngest player in National League ( NL ) history to hit 50 home runs in a season . He became the first Brewer to win the Home Run Derby , defeating Nelson Cruz in the final round of the 2009 derby . Fielder also won the 2012 derby , joining Ken Griffey , Jr. and Yoenis Céspedes as the only players to win more than one derby and becoming the first player to win the Derby as both an American League ( AL ) and NL All-Star . On August 10 , 2016 , Fielder announced that he would be unable to continue his playing career after undergoing a second neck surgery in three years . He was released by the Rangers on October 4 , 2017 . He ended his career with 319 home runs , the same number as his father , Cecil Fielder . Prince and Cecil Fielder are also the only father-son duo to each hit 50 MLB home runs in a season ."}]}, {'value': 'Milwaukee Brewers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers', 'summary': "The Milwaukee Brewers are an American professional baseball team based in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . The team is named for the city 's association with the brewing industry . Since 2001 , the Brewers have played their home games at Miller Park , which has a seating capacity of 41,900 . The team was founded in 1969 as the Seattle Pilots , an expansion team of the American League ( AL ) , in Seattle , Washington . The Pilots played their home games at Sick 's Stadium . After only one season , the team relocated to Milwaukee , becoming known as the Brewers and playing their home games at Milwaukee County Stadium . In 1998 , the Brewers joined the National League . They are the only franchise to play in four different divisions since the advent of divisional play in Major League Baseball in 1969 . They are also one of two current MLB franchises to switch leagues in their history , the other one being the Houston Astros . The team 's only World Series appearance came in 1982 , and they are one of only six current MLB teams that have never won the World Series . After winning the ALCS against the California Angels , the Brewers faced off against the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series , losing 4-3 ."}]}, {'value': 'July 19 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Osiris Matos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osiris_Matos', 'summary': 'Osiris G. Matos Jimenez ( born November 6 , 1984 in Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic ) is a former right-handed Major League Baseball relief pitcher .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian Giles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Giles', 'summary': 'Brian Stephen Giles ( JAYH-ulz ; born January 20 , 1971 ) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder . During his career he played for the Cleveland Indians , Pittsburgh Pirates and San Diego Padres . The left-handed Giles was a two-time All-Star and had a career line of .291/.400/.502 with 287 home runs , 411 doubles , 1,078 runs batted in ( RBI ) , and 1,183 walks in 1,847 games . His younger brother , Marcus Giles , is a former Major League infielder who was most notable for playing with the Atlanta Braves organization .'}]}, {'value': 'San Diego Padres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_Padres', 'summary': 'The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball team based in San Diego , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Founded in 1969 , the Padres have won two NL pennants - in 1984 and 1998 , losing in the World Series both years . As of 2018 , they have had 14 winning seasons in franchise history . The Padres are one of two Major League Baseball teams ( the other being the Los Angeles Angels ) in California to originate from that state ; the Athletics were originally from Philadelphia ( and moved to the state from Kansas City ) , and the Dodgers and Giants are originally from two New York City boroughs - Brooklyn and Manhattan , respectively . The Padres are the only MLB team that does not share its city with another franchise in the four major American professional sports leagues . The Padres are the only major professional sports franchise to be located in San Diego , following the relocation of the Chargers to Los Angeles in 2017 . They are also the only franchise in the MLB not to have a no-hitter , having gone 8,020 games without throwing one , a major league record to begin a franchise .'}]}, {'value': 'August 24 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Correia ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Correia', 'summary': 'Kevin John Correia ( born August 24 , 1980 ) , is an American former professional baseball pitcher , who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the San Francisco Giants , San Diego Padres , Pittsburgh Pirates , Minnesota Twins , Los Angeles Dodgers , and Philadelphia Phillies .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miguel Montero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Montero', 'summary': 'Miguel Angel Montero Fernandez ( born July 9 , 1983 ) is a Venezuelan-American former professional baseball catcher . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Arizona Diamondbacks , Chicago Cubs , Toronto Blue Jays , and Washington Nationals . Montero is a two-time MLB All-Star .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Diamondbacks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks', 'summary': "The Arizona Diamondbacks , often shortened as the D-backs , are an American professional baseball team based in Phoenix , Arizona . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) West division . The team plays its home games at Chase Field , formerly known as Bank One Ballpark . The Diamondbacks have won one World Series championship ( defeating the New York Yankees in 2001 ) - becoming the fastest expansion team in Major League history to win a championship , which it did in only the fourth season since the franchise 's inception ."}]}, {'value': 'September 29 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jonathan Sánchez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Sánchez', 'summary': "Jonathan Omar Sánchez ( born November 19 , 1982 ) , nicknamed The Kid , or The Comeback Kid , is a Puerto Rican professional baseball pitcher for the Saraperos de Saltillo of the Mexican League . He is one of only three Puerto Rican players to throw a no-hitter game . The others being John Candelaria in 1976 and Juanchi Nieves in 1987 . A left-handed starter , Sánchez 's pitching repertoire consisted of a low-to-mid 90s mph fastball , a change-up , and a slurve in the 80s . After being drafted by the San Francisco Giants in 2004 , Sánchez quickly worked his way through the Giants ' minor league system . In 2006 , he was called up to the major leagues and was used mostly in a long relief role . In 2007 , he made the team out of spring training and was again used mostly in long relief , though he spent part of his season in the minors . In 2008 , he made the Giants ' starting rotation and remained in it for the entire year , except for a stint on the disabled list . Sánchez began 2009 as a starter but was moved to the bullpen during the season . He was returned to the rotation on July 10 because of an injury to fellow starter Randy Johnson , however , and he threw a no-hitter against the San Diego Padres that day . In 2010 , Sánchez struck out 200 batters for the first time and was a member of the Giants team that won the World Series . In 2011 he married a Dominican model name Audris Rijo ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Ortiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Ortiz', 'summary': "David Américo Ortiz Arias ( born November 18 , 1975 ) , nicknamed Big Papi , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball ( MLB ) designated hitter ( DH ) and first baseman who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . After beginning his career with the Minnesota Twins , Ortiz played 14 seasons for the Boston Red Sox , with whom he was a ten-time All-Star , a three-time World Series champion , and a seven-time Silver Slugger winner . Ortiz also holds the Red Sox single-season record for home runs with 54 , which he set during the 2006 season . Originally signed by the Seattle Mariners in 1992 , Ortiz was traded to the Twins in 1996 and played parts of six seasons with the team . Ortiz was released by the Twins and signed with the Red Sox in 2003 , where he spent the remainder of his career . In Boston , Ortiz established himself as one of the greatest designated hitters the game has ever seen . He was instrumental in the team ending its 86-year World Series championship drought in 2004 , as well as during successful championship runs in 2007 and 2013 ; he was named the World Series Most Valuable Player for the latter championship . Ortiz finished his career with 541 home runs ( which ranks 17th on MLB 's all-time home run list ) , 1,768 runs batted in ( RBIs , 22nd all-time ) , and a .286 batting average . Among designated hitters , he is the all-time leader in MLB history for home runs ( 485 ) , RBIs ( 1,569 ) , and hits ( 2,192 ) . Regarded as one of the best clutch hitters of all time , Ortiz had 11 career walk-off home runs during the regular season and two during the postseason ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Red Sox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox', 'summary': "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . The team have won nine World Series championships , tied for the third-most of any MLB team , and they have played in 13 . Their most recent World Series appearance and win was in 2018 . In addition , they won the 1904 American League pennant , but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series . Founded in 1901 as one of the American League 's eight charter franchises , the Red Sox ' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912 . The Red Sox name was chosen by the team owner , John I. Taylor , circa 1908 , following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the Boston Red Stockings , including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves . The Red Sox were a dominant team in the new league , defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918 . However , they then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history , dubbed the Curse of the Bambino after its alleged inception due to the Red Sox ' sale of Babe Ruth to the rival New York Yankees two years after their world championship in 1918 , an 86-year wait before the team 's sixth World Championship in 2004 . The team 's history during that period was punctuated with some of the most memorable moments in World Series history , including Enos Slaughter 's mad dash in 1946 , the Impossible Dream of 1967 , Carlton Fisk 's home run in 1975 , and Bill Buckner 's error in 1986 . Following their victory in the 2018 World Series , they became the first team to win four World Series trophies in the 21st century , with championships in 2004 , 2007 , 2013 and 2018 . The team 's history has also been marked by the team 's intense rivalry with the New York Yankees , arguably the fiercest and most historic in North American professional sports ."}]}, {'value': 'June 27 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim Lincecum ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Lincecum', 'summary': "Timothy Leroy Lincecum ( /ˈlɪnsəkʌm/ LIN-sə-kum ; born June 15 , 1984 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the San Francisco Giants from 2007 to 2015 and for the Los Angeles Angels in 2016 , but as of 2020 had not announced his retirement . Lincecum helped the Giants win three World Series championships in a five-year span . Lincecum was the team 's ace starter in 2010 and relief pitcher in 2012 and 2014 , winning the Babe Ruth Award in 2010 as the most valuable player of the MLB postseason . After attending Liberty Senior High School in Renton , Washington , Lincecum played college baseball at the University of Washington . Pitching for the Washington Huskies , he won the 2006 Golden Spikes Award . That year , Lincecum became the first Washington Husky to be selected in the first round of an MLB Draft , when the San Francisco Giants selected him tenth overall . Nicknamed The Freak for his ability to generate powerful pitches from his athletic but slight physique , the 5 feet 11 inches ( 1.80 m ) 170 pounds ( 77 kg ) power pitcher led the National League in strikeouts and strikeouts per nine innings pitched for three consecutive years in a span from 2008 to 2010 as well as shutouts in 2009 , helping Lincecum win consecutive Cy Young Awards in 2008 and 2009 to become the first MLB pitcher to win the award in his first two full seasons . He has also appeared in four consecutive All-Star Games , from 2008 through 2011 . In 2013 , Lincecum pitched the first Petco Park no-hitter against the San Diego Padres . He repeated the feat again the following year , becoming the first MLB pitcher to throw no-hitters against the same team in consecutive seasons . Lincecum 's 1,736 career strikeouts are the fifth-most by a pitcher who has more strikeouts than innings pitched , behind Hall of Famers Nolan Ryan , Pedro Martínez , Randy Johnson , and Sandy Koufax ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Other McCovey Cove hits', 'section_text': '36 non-Giants players have hit the cove 51 times . Of visiting players who have hit the cove , Carlos Delgado , Carlos González and Adam LaRoche have performed the feat the most , doing it three times each . Current Major League baseball players Max Muncy and Curtis Granderson and former Major League baseball players Luis Gonzalez and Cliff Floyd are the only other visiting players to do so twice . Rick Ankiel hit the water on the fly in the 11th inning of Game 2 of the 2010 National League Division Series on October 8 , 2010 ; his run would go on to be the winning run for the Atlanta Braves ( this was only the 2nd home run ball hit into McCovey Cove in a postseason game at the time , the first being by Barry Bonds on October 12 , 2002 , in the National League Championship Series ) . David Ortiz , Mitch Moreland , and Adam Dunn are the only three American League players to hit the cove . Bryce Harper hit the water on the fly in the 7th inning of Game 4 of the 2014 National League Division Series on October 7 , 2014 to tie the game , on August 9 , 2019 , he hit his second one out of the cove . Kevin Correia is the only pitcher to have given up a splash hit both as a Giant and as a visiting pitcher ( while pitching for the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2014 ) . On May 12 , 2014 , players from opposing teams hit home runs into McCovey Cove in the same game for the first time . [ 10 ]', 'uid': 'McCovey_Cove_1', 'intro': "McCovey Cove is the unofficial name of a section of San Francisco Bay beyond the right field wall of Oracle Park, home of the San Francisco Giants, named after famed Giants first baseman Willie McCovey. The proper name for the cove is China Basin, which is the mouth of Mission Creek as it meets the bay. The cove is bounded along the north by Oracle Park, with a ferry landing and a breakwater at the northeast end. The southern shore is lined by China Basin Park and McCovey Point. To the east, it opens up to San Francisco Bay, while the west end of the cove is bounded by the Lefty O'Doul Bridge, named after San Francisco ballplayer and manager Lefty O'Doul."} | null | null | What is the team whose hitter who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for seven teams ? | Arizona Diamondbacks |
0baea1b24545e784 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiership_Rugby', 'title': 'Premiership Rugby', 'header': ['Rank', 'Player', 'Club ( s )', 'Years', 'Tries'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Varndell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Varndell', 'summary': 'Tom Varndell ( born 16 September 1985 ) is an English rugby union footballer who plays on the wing for Yorkshire Carnegie . Varndell also has caps for England and England Sevens , as well as having represented other Aviva Premiership sides Bristol Bears and Wasps . He is currently the leading try scorer in the Aviva Premiership .'}]}, {'value': 'Leicester , Wasps , Bristol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leicester_Tigers', 'summary': "Leicester Tigers ( officially Leicester Football Club ) is an English professional rugby union club based in Leicester , England . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Welford Road Stadium in the south of the city . The club has been known by the nickname Tigers since at least 1885 . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Tigers finished 11th , this entitled them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Challenge Cup . The current head coach is Geordan Murphy who was appointed in September 2018 . Leicester have won 20 major titles . They were European Champions twice , back-to-back in 2001 and 2002 ; have won a record 10 English Championships ; and have won eight Anglo-Welsh Cups , most recently in 2017 . Leicester last won the Premiership Rugby title in the 2013 and appeared in a record nine successive Premiership finals , from 2005 to 2013 . Leicester are one of only four teams never to have been relegated from the top division . Leicester have appeared in five European finals , the joint-second most overall , as well as the two victories they have also lost finals three times , in 1997 , 2007 and 2009 . Three Leicester Tigers players were members of the 2003 Rugby World Cup Final winning England side including captain Martin Johnson ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wasps_RFC', 'summary': "Wasps Rugby Football Club is an English professional rugby union team based in Coventry , England . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . Founded in 1867 as Wasps Football Club , now a distinct amateur club , the club was originally London-based , but relocated to Coventry in December 2014 . Wasps now own and play at the Ricoh Arena . Prior to the move to the Midlands , Wasps had several homes ; from 1923 to 1996 they were based at Repton Avenue in Sudbury , London , from 1996 to 2002 they played at Loftus Road in Shepherd 's Bush and from 2002 to 2014 they played at Adams Park in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire , 30 miles northwest of London . Wasps has won 12 major titles . They were European Champions twice , in 2004 and 2007 ; have won six English Championships including three in a row from 2003-05 ; and won three Anglo-Welsh Cups . They have also won the 2003 European Rugby Challenge Cup . Wasps most recent trophy is the 2008 Premiership . The 2017-18 season marked the 150th anniversary of Wasps Rugby Football Club . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Wasps finished 8th . This entitles them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Challenge Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bristol_Bears', 'summary': "Bristol Bears ( officially Bristol Rugby Club ) is an English professional rugby union club based in Bristol , England . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . The club was founded as Bristol Football Club in 1888 ; between 1921 and 2014 Bristol 's home matches were played at the Memorial Ground and since 2014 Bristol plays its home matches at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city . The current head coach is Pat Lam who was appointed in 2017 . The club announced a new nickname of Bears to be used from 1 June 2018 ; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as Bristol Shoguns due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi . Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England 's second division four times , most recently in 2017-18 ."}]}, {'value': '2004-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Cueto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Cueto', 'summary': 'Mark John Cueto MBE ( born 26 December 1979 in Workington , Cumbria ) is a former English international rugby union player . He played on the wing for Sale Sharks and England . He is currently the second leading try scorer in the Aviva Premiership . On 28 January 2015 , it was announced Cueto was to retire at the end of the 2014-15 season'}]}, {'value': 'Sale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sale_Sharks', 'summary': "Sale Sharks is a professional rugby union club from Greater Manchester , England . They play in the Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . Originally founded in 1861 as Sale Football Club , now a distinct amateur club , they adopted the nickname Sharks in 1999 . Since 2012 they have played their home games at the A.J . Bell Stadium in Barton-upon-Irwell , Eccles . Between 1905 and 2003 they played at Heywood Road in Sale , before moving to Edgeley Park in Stockport where they stayed until 2012 . Their traditional colours are blue and white . Sale have won three major trophies . They were English Champions in 2006 and won the European Rugby Challenge Cup in 2002 and 2005 . They also won the second division in 1994 . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Sale finished 7th , this entitled them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Champions Cup . The current Director of Rugby is Steve Diamond who was appointed in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '2001-2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Ashton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Ashton', 'summary': "Christopher John Ashton ( born 29 March 1987 ) is an English rugby union and former rugby league footballer , and one of the few players who have represented England in both rugby codes . He currently plays as a wing or fullback for Sale Sharks in the Gallagher Premiership . He first played as a fullback or wing for Wigan Warriors in rugby league 's Super League competition , and won four caps for England in 2006 and 2007 . In 2007 he signed for Northampton Saints in rugby union 's Premiership , before moving to Saracens in 2012 , Toulon in 2017 and Sale in 2018 . He made his debut for England in March 2010 and played regularly until 2014 , including in the 2011 Rugby World Cup , where he finished as the tournament 's joint leading try-scorer . After a break of four years , he was recalled to the England squad in November 2018 . He has won 40 caps for England ."}]}, {'value': 'Northampton , Saracens , Sale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northampton_Saints', 'summary': "Northampton Saints ( officially Northampton Rugby Football Club ) is a professional rugby union club from Northampton , England . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . They were formed in 1880 as Northampton St. James , which gave them the nickname Saints from the 1880s . The team play their home games at Franklin 's Gardens , in the west of the town , which has a capacity of 15,250 and play in black , green , and gold colours . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Saints finished 4th and lost in the semi-finals , this entitled them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Champions Cup . The current Director of Rugby is Chris Boyd who was appointed in 2018 . Northampton has won six major titles . They were European Champions in 2000 and English Champions in 2014 , they have also won the secondary European Rugby Challenge Cup twice , in 2009 and 2014 , the Anglo Welsh Cup in 2010 and most recently the inaugural Premiership Rugby Cup in 2019 . They have also won the second division three times ; in 1990 , 1996 and 2008 . Their biggest rivals are Leicester Tigers . The East Midlands Derby is one of the fiercest rivalries in English rugby union ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saracens_F.C.', 'summary': "Saracens Football Club ( /ˈsærəsənz/ ) are an English professional rugby union football club based in London , England . Established in 1876 , they play in Premiership Rugby , the top level of domestic rugby union in England . They are the current title holders of the European Rugby Champions Cup , a tournament which they have won more times than any other English team , with three titles , won in 2016 , 2017 and 2019 . Since 2012 , Saracens have played their home games at Allianz Park in Hendon , in the London Borough of Barnet ; previous grounds have included Vicarage Road in Watford , and Bramley Road . The club 's home playing colours are black and red . In November 2019 , they were handed a 35-point deduction and fined £5.3m after they were found to have breached Premiership Rugby salary cap regulations over the previous three seasons . On 18 January 2020 Premiership Rugby announced they would be relegated to the RFU Championship at the end of the season , following the 'conclusion of dialogue ' between Premiership Rugby and the team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sale_Sharks', 'summary': "Sale Sharks is a professional rugby union club from Greater Manchester , England . They play in the Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . Originally founded in 1861 as Sale Football Club , now a distinct amateur club , they adopted the nickname Sharks in 1999 . Since 2012 they have played their home games at the A.J . Bell Stadium in Barton-upon-Irwell , Eccles . Between 1905 and 2003 they played at Heywood Road in Sale , before moving to Edgeley Park in Stockport where they stayed until 2012 . Their traditional colours are blue and white . Sale have won three major trophies . They were English Champions in 2006 and won the European Rugby Challenge Cup in 2002 and 2005 . They also won the second division in 1994 . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Sale finished 7th , this entitled them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Champions Cup . The current Director of Rugby is Steve Diamond who was appointed in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '2008-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '85', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Wade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Wade', 'summary': "Christian Wade ( born 15 May 1991 ) is an English sportsman who was an England rugby union international , playing as a wing , and is now playing American football as a running back for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Wade scored 82 tries in Premiership Rugby , England 's top rugby union division , which places him third in the most tries scored records list . In October 2018 Wade left rugby union to pursue a career in the NFL . On 8 April 2019 , Wade signed a professional contract with the Buffalo Bills ."}]}, {'value': 'Wasps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wasps_RFC', 'summary': "Wasps Rugby Football Club is an English professional rugby union team based in Coventry , England . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . Founded in 1867 as Wasps Football Club , now a distinct amateur club , the club was originally London-based , but relocated to Coventry in December 2014 . Wasps now own and play at the Ricoh Arena . Prior to the move to the Midlands , Wasps had several homes ; from 1923 to 1996 they were based at Repton Avenue in Sudbury , London , from 1996 to 2002 they played at Loftus Road in Shepherd 's Bush and from 2002 to 2014 they played at Adams Park in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire , 30 miles northwest of London . Wasps has won 12 major titles . They were European Champions twice , in 2004 and 2007 ; have won six English Championships including three in a row from 2003-05 ; and won three Anglo-Welsh Cups . They have also won the 2003 European Rugby Challenge Cup . Wasps most recent trophy is the 2008 Premiership . The 2017-18 season marked the 150th anniversary of Wasps Rugby Football Club . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Wasps finished 8th . This entitles them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Challenge Cup ."}]}, {'value': '2011-2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '82', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Hanley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Hanley_(rugby_union)', 'summary': "Steven Melvyn Hanley ( born 11 June 1979 ) is a former rugby union footballer who played on the wing for the Sale Sharks , signing with the club in 1998 . In 1999 , Hanley played his only Test for England . He was Sale 's Player of the Year in 2004 . After suffering a back injury in December 2007 , Hanley retired in July 2008 after being told by doctors he would not recover well enough to play professional rugby . He scored 104 tries in 191 games , 75 of which were in the Premiership ."}]}, {'value': 'Sale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sale_Sharks', 'summary': "Sale Sharks is a professional rugby union club from Greater Manchester , England . They play in the Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . Originally founded in 1861 as Sale Football Club , now a distinct amateur club , they adopted the nickname Sharks in 1999 . Since 2012 they have played their home games at the A.J . Bell Stadium in Barton-upon-Irwell , Eccles . Between 1905 and 2003 they played at Heywood Road in Sale , before moving to Edgeley Park in Stockport where they stayed until 2012 . Their traditional colours are blue and white . Sale have won three major trophies . They were English Champions in 2006 and won the European Rugby Challenge Cup in 2002 and 2005 . They also won the second division in 1994 . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Sale finished 7th , this entitled them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Champions Cup . The current Director of Rugby is Steve Diamond who was appointed in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '1998-2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '75', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Sackey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Sackey', 'summary': 'Paul Henry Sackey ( born 8 November 1979 ) is a retired English rugby union footballer who played on the wing , most recently for Harlequins in the Aviva Premiership . He is an England international . He has also played for the England Saxons and the England Sevens team . He is of Ghanaian heritage and attended the Roman Catholic John Fisher School in Purley .'}]}, {'value': 'Bedford , London Irish , Wasps , Harlequins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bedford_Blues', 'summary': 'Bedford Blues are a rugby union club in the town of Bedford , England , currently playing in The RFU Championship . Bedford is one of the largest towns in England without a league football club , and one of the few towns in England where the rugby club is better supported than the football team . The Blues are a semi-pro team , with a mix of experienced and young players . The Blues are coached by Mike Rayer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Irish', 'summary': "London Irish RFC is a professional English rugby union club , with an Irish Identity . It was originally based in Sunbury , Surrey , where the senior squad train , youth teams and senior academy play home games , and the club maintain their administrative offices , at Hazelwood Drive . It competed in the Premiership , the top division of English rugby union , every season since its inception in 1996-97 , apart from the 2016-17 and 2018-19 seasons , in which they competed in the RFU Championship , winning the league in 2017 and 2019 . The club also competed in the Anglo-Welsh Cup , until its demise in 2018 , and has participated in both the European Champions Cup and European Challenge Cup . While playing in the Championship , in 2016-17 and 2018-19 , Irish also played in the British and Irish Cup and its successor the RFU Championship Cup respectively . The club currently plays its home games at the Madejski Stadium in Reading , Berkshire . However , at the end of the 2019-20 season they will move to Brentford Community Stadium in Brentford , West London . London Irish won its first major trophy in 2002 , claiming the Powergen Cup ( the competition that is now the Premiership Rugby Cup ) . Irish also reached the final of the 2009 English Premiership , narrowly losing 10-9 to Leicester Tigers at Twickenham Stadium . In the 2007-08 season the team came close to a place in the Heineken Cup Final , losing out to Stade Toulousain 15-21 in a tense semi-final encounter at Twickenham Stadium . The club 's mascot is an Irish Wolfhound character called Digger ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wasps_RFC', 'summary': "Wasps Rugby Football Club is an English professional rugby union team based in Coventry , England . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . Founded in 1867 as Wasps Football Club , now a distinct amateur club , the club was originally London-based , but relocated to Coventry in December 2014 . Wasps now own and play at the Ricoh Arena . Prior to the move to the Midlands , Wasps had several homes ; from 1923 to 1996 they were based at Repton Avenue in Sudbury , London , from 1996 to 2002 they played at Loftus Road in Shepherd 's Bush and from 2002 to 2014 they played at Adams Park in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire , 30 miles northwest of London . Wasps has won 12 major titles . They were European Champions twice , in 2004 and 2007 ; have won six English Championships including three in a row from 2003-05 ; and won three Anglo-Welsh Cups . They have also won the 2003 European Rugby Challenge Cup . Wasps most recent trophy is the 2008 Premiership . The 2017-18 season marked the 150th anniversary of Wasps Rugby Football Club . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Wasps finished 8th . This entitles them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Challenge Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Harlequin_F.C.', 'summary': "The Harlequin Football Club ( Harlequins or Quins for short ) is an English rugby union team that plays in the top level of English rugby , the English Premiership . Their ground in London is the Twickenham Stoop . They were one of the founding members of the RFU . Quins were crowned winners of the European Challenge Cup in 2011 , the English Premiership for the first time in 2012 and won the Anglo-Welsh Cup in 2013 . The current club captain is Chris Robshaw while the current Head of Rugby is former England defence coach Paul Gustard , with Billy Millard acting as the Club 's General Manager . For sponsorship reasons they were formerly known as NEC Harlequins , but principal sponsorship is currently held by DHL and Adidas ."}]}, {'value': '1999-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '69', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Banahan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Banahan', 'summary': 'Matthew Andrew Banahan ( born 30 December 1986 ) is a Jerseyman who plays rugby union for Gloucester in the Aviva Premiership in international rugby union . He is also a former England international . His main position is wing , however he can also operate as an inside or outside centre .'}]}, {'value': 'Bath , Gloucester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bath_Rugby', 'summary': "Bath Rugby ( also known as just Bath ) is an English professional rugby union club in Bath , Somerset . They play in the English Premiership . The club has won England 's domestic competition , the Premiership Rugby Cup , the Heineken Cup , and the European Challenge Cup . The club was founded in 1865 as Bath Football Club . The club plays at the Recreation Ground ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gloucester_Rugby', 'summary': "Gloucester Rugby are a professional rugby union club based in the West Country city of Gloucester . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby , as well as in European competitions . The club was formed in 1873 and since 1891 has played its home matches at Kingsholm Stadium , on the fringes of the city centre . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season , they finished 3rd and lost in the play off semi-finals , qualifying to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Champions Cup . The current head coach is Johan Ackermann , who was appointed in the summer of 2017 . The club has no official nickname but are often referred to as the Cherry and Whites by supporters and the media in reference to the traditional red and white hooped shirts worn by the team . Matches with local rivals Bath and Bristol Bears are referred to as West Country derbies , in the 2018/19 season they managed an away draw and home win against Bath ."}]}, {'value': '2007-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '68', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Voyce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Voyce', 'summary': 'Thomas Michael Dunstan Voyce ( born 5 January 1981 ) is a former English rugby union player who played at wing or fullback . He previously played for England . Voyce married Anna Wood in September 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bath , Wasps , Gloucester , London Welsh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bath_Rugby', 'summary': "Bath Rugby ( also known as just Bath ) is an English professional rugby union club in Bath , Somerset . They play in the English Premiership . The club has won England 's domestic competition , the Premiership Rugby Cup , the Heineken Cup , and the European Challenge Cup . The club was founded in 1865 as Bath Football Club . The club plays at the Recreation Ground ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wasps_RFC', 'summary': "Wasps Rugby Football Club is an English professional rugby union team based in Coventry , England . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . Founded in 1867 as Wasps Football Club , now a distinct amateur club , the club was originally London-based , but relocated to Coventry in December 2014 . Wasps now own and play at the Ricoh Arena . Prior to the move to the Midlands , Wasps had several homes ; from 1923 to 1996 they were based at Repton Avenue in Sudbury , London , from 1996 to 2002 they played at Loftus Road in Shepherd 's Bush and from 2002 to 2014 they played at Adams Park in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire , 30 miles northwest of London . Wasps has won 12 major titles . They were European Champions twice , in 2004 and 2007 ; have won six English Championships including three in a row from 2003-05 ; and won three Anglo-Welsh Cups . They have also won the 2003 European Rugby Challenge Cup . Wasps most recent trophy is the 2008 Premiership . The 2017-18 season marked the 150th anniversary of Wasps Rugby Football Club . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Wasps finished 8th . This entitles them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Challenge Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gloucester_Rugby', 'summary': "Gloucester Rugby are a professional rugby union club based in the West Country city of Gloucester . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby , as well as in European competitions . The club was formed in 1873 and since 1891 has played its home matches at Kingsholm Stadium , on the fringes of the city centre . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season , they finished 3rd and lost in the play off semi-finals , qualifying to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Champions Cup . The current head coach is Johan Ackermann , who was appointed in the summer of 2017 . The club has no official nickname but are often referred to as the Cherry and Whites by supporters and the media in reference to the traditional red and white hooped shirts worn by the team . Matches with local rivals Bath and Bristol Bears are referred to as West Country derbies , in the 2018/19 season they managed an away draw and home win against Bath ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Welsh_RFC', 'summary': 'London Welsh Rugby Football Club ( Welsh : Clwb Rygbi Cymry Llundain ) is a rugby union club formed in 1885 . Based in Old Deer Park , Richmond-upon-Thames , London Welsh RFC played in the English Premiership in the 2012-13 and 2014-15 seasons , after gaining promotion from the RFU Championship in the 2012 and 2014 play-off final . The club returned to Old Deer Park in 2015 after three seasons at the Kassam Stadium , Oxford . The club went into liquidation in December 2016 under Chairman Bleddyn Phillips , and was given a temporary licence to complete two fixtures in the Championship . On 24 January 2017 it was announced that London Welsh had been removed from the RFU Championship and their results expunged . The RFU stated that their place in the league was untenable . The remnants of the defunct club were amalgamated into their former amateur set up and the club continued in the leagues at Level 9 of the English Rugby pyramid having dropped down from level 2 ; a 5 year plan was announced to return to the national leagues with 4 promotions in 5 years . It has since won two promotions in two years .'}]}, {'value': '2000-2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jonny May', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonny_May', 'summary': 'Jonathan James May ( born 1 April 1990 ) is a professional rugby union player for Leicester Tigers in Premiership Rugby and for the England national team . He plays as a winger and is known for his speed and finishing skills . Between 2009 and 2017 he played 121 games for Gloucester , he has also played for Moseley .'}]}, {'value': 'Gloucester , Leicester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gloucester_Rugby', 'summary': "Gloucester Rugby are a professional rugby union club based in the West Country city of Gloucester . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby , as well as in European competitions . The club was formed in 1873 and since 1891 has played its home matches at Kingsholm Stadium , on the fringes of the city centre . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season , they finished 3rd and lost in the play off semi-finals , qualifying to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Champions Cup . The current head coach is Johan Ackermann , who was appointed in the summer of 2017 . The club has no official nickname but are often referred to as the Cherry and Whites by supporters and the media in reference to the traditional red and white hooped shirts worn by the team . Matches with local rivals Bath and Bristol Bears are referred to as West Country derbies , in the 2018/19 season they managed an away draw and home win against Bath ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Leicester_Tigers', 'summary': "Leicester Tigers ( officially Leicester Football Club ) is an English professional rugby union club based in Leicester , England . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby . The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Welford Road Stadium in the south of the city . The club has been known by the nickname Tigers since at least 1885 . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season Tigers finished 11th , this entitled them to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Challenge Cup . The current head coach is Geordan Murphy who was appointed in September 2018 . Leicester have won 20 major titles . They were European Champions twice , back-to-back in 2001 and 2002 ; have won a record 10 English Championships ; and have won eight Anglo-Welsh Cups , most recently in 2017 . Leicester last won the Premiership Rugby title in the 2013 and appeared in a record nine successive Premiership finals , from 2005 to 2013 . Leicester are one of only four teams never to have been relegated from the top division . Leicester have appeared in five European finals , the joint-second most overall , as well as the two victories they have also lost finals three times , in 1997 , 2007 and 2009 . Three Leicester Tigers players were members of the 2003 Rugby World Cup Final winning England side including captain Martin Johnson ."}]}, {'value': '2010-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '65', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Simpson-Daniel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Simpson-Daniel', 'summary': 'James David Simpson-Daniel ( born 30 May 1982 in Stockton-on-Tees ) is a former English rugby union footballer who played wing or centre for Gloucester Rugby . He attended Red House School & Sedbergh School in the Yorkshire Dales , which has produced a number of professional rugby union players including Will Greenwood , Will Carling and Phil Dowson , with whom he played alongside in the same XV . He began playing for the Yorkshire Under 18s and then the North East Under 18s . While his schoolmates were attending university open days , he was visiting professional rugby union clubs . He eventually chose Gloucester Rugby . His Gloucester Rugby debut was against Rotherham in 2001 , when he scored a superb individual try . [ citation needed ] He represented England at the Hong Kong Sevens in 2002 and scored a hat trick in the final , which England won . He flew back and followed it up with a hat trick in a club game against Bath . Four days before his twentieth birthday he rounded Jonah Lomu to score a famous try for an uncapped England XV against the Barbarians at Twickenham . [ citation needed ] He made his international debut for England against New Zealand in November 2002 . An injury to his foot meant that he missed a tour to Argentina . He recovered for the Autumn internationals against Australia and New Zealand but was diagnosed with glandular fever and missed out on playing against South Africa .'}]}, {'value': 'Gloucester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gloucester_Rugby', 'summary': "Gloucester Rugby are a professional rugby union club based in the West Country city of Gloucester . They play in Premiership Rugby , England 's top division of rugby , as well as in European competitions . The club was formed in 1873 and since 1891 has played its home matches at Kingsholm Stadium , on the fringes of the city centre . In the 2018-19 Premiership Rugby season , they finished 3rd and lost in the play off semi-finals , qualifying to compete in the 2019-20 European Rugby Champions Cup . The current head coach is Johan Ackermann , who was appointed in the summer of 2017 . The club has no official nickname but are often referred to as the Cherry and Whites by supporters and the media in reference to the traditional red and white hooped shirts worn by the team . Matches with local rivals Bath and Bristol Bears are referred to as West Country derbies , in the 2018/19 season they managed an away draw and home win against Bath ."}]}, {'value': '2000-2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '63', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Player records -- Tries', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'English_Premiership_(rugby_union)_4', 'intro': "Premiership Rugby (officially known as Gallagher Premiership Rugby, or the Gallagher Premiership due to sponsorship reasons) is an English professional rugby union competition. The Premiership consists of twelve clubs, and is the top division of the English rugby union system. Premiership clubs qualify for Europe's two main club competitions, the European Rugby Champions Cup and the European Rugby Challenge Cup. The team finishing at the bottom of the Premiership each season is relegated to the second division, the RFU Championship; the winner of the Championship is promoted to the Premiership. The competition has been played since 1987, and has evolved into the current Premiership system. The current champions are Saracens. The most recently promoted side are London Irish, who returned to the top flight in 2019."} | null | null | Which NFL team did the player that played with Wasps from 2011-2018 sign with ? | Buffalo Bills |
0bb2af09e0a9def4 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_submarine_U-107_(1940)', 'title': 'German submarine U-107 (1940)', 'header': ['Date', 'Name', 'Flag', 'Tonnage ( GRT )', 'Convoy', 'Position'], 'data': [{'value': '8 April 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helena Margareta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '3,316', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convoy OG 57', 'urls': []}, {'value': '33°00′N 23°52′W / 33.000°N 23.867°W / 33.000 ; -23.867', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 April 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eskdene', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '3,829', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convoy OG 57', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34°43′N 24°21′W / 34.717°N 24.350°W / 34.717 ; -24.350', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 April 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harpathian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '4,671', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convoy OG 57', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32°22′N 22°53′W / 32.367°N 22.883°W / 32.367 ; -22.883', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 April 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duffield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '8,516', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convoy OG 57', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31°13′N 23°24′W / 31.217°N 23.400°W / 31.217 ; -23.400', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21 April 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calchas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '10,305', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23°50′N 27°00′W / 23.833°N 27.000°W / 23.833 ; -27.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 April 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lassell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '7,417', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convoy OB 309', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12°55′N 28°56′W / 12.917°N 28.933°W / 12.917 ; -28.933', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 May 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marisa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in May 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during May 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '8,029', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '06°10′N 18°09′W / 6.167°N 18.150°W / 6.167 ; -18.150', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 May 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Piako', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in May 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during May 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '8,286', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '07°52′N 14°57′W / 7.867°N 14.950°W / 7.867 ; -14.950', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 May 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colonial', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in May 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during May 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,108', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convoy OB 318', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Convoy_OB_318', 'summary': 'OB 318 was a North Atlantic convoy which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II . During Operation Primrose Royal Navy convoy escorts HMS Bulldog , Broadway and Aubrietia captured U-110 with an intact Enigma machine and a wealth of signals intelligence , which led to the Allied breakthrough into cracking the German naval Enigma code .'}]}, {'value': '09°13′N 15°09′W / 9.217°N 15.150°W / 9.217 ; -15.150', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 May 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Papalemos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in May 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during May 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '3,748', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '08°06′N 16°18′W / 8.100°N 16.300°W / 8.100 ; -16.300', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31 May 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in May 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during May 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,664', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '08°50′N 15°30′W / 8.833°N 15.500°W / 8.833 ; -15.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 June 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfred Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in June 1941 includes ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during June 1941 . { { dynamic list }'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convoy OB 320', 'urls': []}, {'value': '08°00′N 15°00′W / 8.000°N 15.000°W / 8.000 ; -15.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 June 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in June 1941 includes ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during June 1941 . { { dynamic list }'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '7,816', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convoy OB 323', 'urls': []}, {'value': '08°30′N 14°39′W / 8.500°N 14.650°W / 8.500 ; -14.650', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 June 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pandias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in June 1941 includes ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during June 1941 . { { dynamic list }'}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '4,981', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '07°49′N 23°28′W / 7.817°N 23.467°W / 7.817 ; -23.467', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Service history -- Second patrol and most successful period', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'German_submarine_U-107_(1940)_1', 'intro': "German submarine U-107 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. Between January 1941 and August 1944, she sailed on 16 active patrols at a time when a U-boat averaged a lifespan of seven to ten patrols. During that time, U-107 sank 39 Allied ships, in addition to damaging another four ships. The U-boat was launched on 2 July 1940, based at the U-boat port of Lorient, with a crew of 53 under the initial command of Günther Hessler. She was later commanded, in order, by Harald Gelhaus, Valker Simmermacher and her final commander, Karl Heinz Fritz."} | null | null | What was the position of the submarine whose convoy had an intact Enigma machine and a wealth of signals intelligence ? | 09°13′N 15°09′W / 9.217°N 15.150°W / 9.217 ; -15.150 |
0bb30b87b25adeab | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_churches_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of Catholic churches in the United States', 'header': ['Church', 'Dates', 'Location', 'City , State', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': "St. Anne 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._Anne's_Roman_Catholic_Church_(Marysville,_Washington)", 'summary': "St. Anne 's Roman Catholic Church is a historic church at 7231 Totem Beach Road in Marysville , Washington , United States . It was built in 1904 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 ."}]}, {'value': '1904 built 1976 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': "West of Marysville on Mission Beach Rd . 48°03′43″N 122°16′34″W / 48.06194°N 122.27611°W / 48.06194 ; -122.27611 ( St. Anne 's Roman Catholic Church ( Marysville , Washington ) )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marysville , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marysville,_Washington', 'summary': 'Marysville is a city in Snohomish County , Washington , United States , part of the Seattle metropolitan area . The city is located 35 miles ( 56 km ) north of Seattle , adjacent to Everett on the north side of the Snohomish River delta . It is the second-largest city in Snohomish County after Everett , with a population of 60,020 in the 2010 U.S. census . As of 2015 [ update ] , Marysville is also the fastest-growing city in Washington state , growing at an annual rate of 2.5 percent . Marysville was established in 1872 as a trading post by James P. Comeford , but was not populated by other settlers until 1883 . After the town was platted in 1885 , a period of growth brought new buildings and industries to Marysville . In 1891 , Marysville was incorporated and welcomed the completed Great Northern Railway . Historically , the area has subsisted on lumber and agrarian products ; the growth of strawberry fields in Marysville led to the city being nicknamed the Strawberry City in the 1920s . The city experienced its first wave of suburbanization in the 1970s and 1980s , resulting in the development of new housing and commercial areas . Between 1980 and 2000 , the population of Marysville increased five-fold . In the early 2000s , annexations of unincorporated areas to the north and east expanded the city to over 20 square miles ( 52 km2 ) and brought the population over 60,000 . Marysville is oriented north-south along Interstate 5 , bordering the Tulalip Indian Reservation to the west , and State Route 9 to the east .'}]}, {'value': 'Gothic Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Holy Cross Polish National Catholic Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Holy_Cross_Polish_National_Catholic_Church', 'summary': "Holy Cross Polish National Catholic Church was a historic Polish National Catholic church at Third and Queen in Pe Ell , Washington . The church was built in 1916 to serve Pe Ell 's Polish immigrant community , which had come to the town to work in the local lumber industry . The building had a vernacular Gothic Revival design with two towers at its front corners . It was the last Polish National Catholic church in Washington until its demolition . It was added to the National Register in 1987 . Its condition deteriorated and the building was demolished in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': '1916 built 1987 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd & Queen Streets 46°34′04″N 123°17′57″W / 46.56778°N 123.29917°W / 46.56778 ; -123.29917 ( Holy Cross Polish National Catholic Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pe Ell , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pe_Ell,_Washington', 'summary': 'Pe Ell ( /piːɛl/ ) is a town in Lewis County , Washington , United States . The population was 632 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Late Gothic Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blessed Sacrament Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament_Church_(Seattle)', 'summary': "The Church of the Blessed Sacrament is a Roman Catholic parish within the Archdiocese of Seattle serving Seattle 's University District . It is the only parish in the archdiocese owned and operated by the Order of Preachers and is within the jurisdiction of the Western Dominican Province . The church building , its rectory , and parish school building were added to the National List of Historic Places in 1984 . Damage from the 2001 Nisqually earthquake led to extensive repairs in 2010 . It ministers to the Catholic student population of the University of Washington through the Prince of Peace Newman Center , which is the fifth-oldest Newman Center and first to be run by the Dominican Order ."}]}, {'value': '1984 built', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5050 8th Avenue N.E . 47°40′0″N 122°19′03″W / 47.66667°N 122.31750°W / 47.66667 ; -122.31750 ( Blessed Sacrament Church ( Seattle ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seattle , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle,_Washington', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}]}, {'value': 'Near University of Washington ; Order of Preachers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. James Cathedral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._James_Cathedral_(Seattle)', 'summary': "St. James Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral church located at 804 Ninth Avenue in the First Hill neighborhood of Seattle , Washington , United States . It is the mother church of the Archdiocese of Seattle and the seat of its archbishop , currently Paul D Etienne . The cathedral is named for St. James the Greater , patron saint of the archdiocese , and is the third church in the territory presently known as the Archdiocese of Seattle to bear the name . The need for a cathedral in Seattle arose in 1903 , when Edward O'Dea , bishop of what was then known as the Diocese of Nesqually ( later spelled Nisqually ) , elected to move the Episcopal see from Vancouver , Washington to Seattle . Construction began in 1905 . The Cathedral was dedicated in 1907 . In 1916 , the cathedral underwent major renovations as a result of the collapse of its dome ; other major renovations were completed in 1950 and 1994 . The cathedral , rectory , and site were designated city landmarks in 1984 ."}]}, {'value': '1907 built ; Seattle Landmark designated 1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '804 Ninth Ave. 47°36′27.7″N 122°19′32.9″W / 47.607694°N 122.325806°W / 47.607694 ; -122.325806 ( St. James Cathedral ( Seattle ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seattle , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle,_Washington', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}]}, {'value': 'Renaissance Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_(Spokane,_Washington)', 'summary': 'The Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes is a Catholic cathedral in Spokane , Washington , United States . It is the seat of the Diocese of Spokane .'}]}, {'value': '1908 built', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1115 W. Riverside Ave. 47°39′28.6″N 117°25′42.4″W / 47.657944°N 117.428444°W / 47.657944 ; -117.428444 ( Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes ( Spokane , Washington ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spokane , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spokane,_Washington', 'summary': "Spokane ( /ˌspoʊˈkæn/ ( listen ) spoh-KAN ) is a city in Spokane County in the state of Washington in the northwestern United States . It is located in eastern Washington along the Spokane River adjacent to the Selkirk Mountains and west of the Rocky Mountain foothills - 92 miles ( 148 km ) south of the Canada-US border , 18 miles ( 30 km ) west of the Washington-Idaho border , and 279 miles ( 449 km ) east of Seattle along Interstate 90 . Known as the birthplace of Father 's Day , Spokane 's official nickname is the Lilac City . A pink , double flower cultivar of the common lilac , known as Syringa vulgaris 'Spokane ' , is named for the city . It is the seat of Spokane County and the economic and cultural center of the Spokane metropolitan area , the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene combined statistical area , and the Inland Northwest . The city , along with the whole Inland Northwest , is served by Spokane International Airport , 5 miles ( 8 km ) west of downtown Spokane . According to the 2010 Census , Spokane had a population of 208,916 , making it the second-largest city in Washington , and the 100th-largest city in the United States . In 2018 , the United States Census Bureau estimated the city 's population at 219,190 and the population of the Spokane Metropolitan Area at 573,493 . The first people to live in the area , the Spokane tribe ( their name meaning children of the sun in Salishan ) , lived off plentiful game . David Thompson explored the area with the westward expansion and establishment of the North West Company 's Spokane House in 1810 . This trading post was the first long-term European settlement in Washington . Completion of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1881 brought settlers to the Spokane area ."}]}, {'value': 'Romanesque Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mary Queen of Heaven Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_Queen_of_Heaven_Roman_Catholic_Church', 'summary': 'Mary Queen of Heaven Roman Catholic Church is a historic church at N. First and B Street in Sprague , Washington . It was built in a Gothic Revival style and was added to the National Register in 1990 .'}]}, {'value': '1902 built 1990 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North 1st & B Streets 47°18′09″N 117°58′30″W / 47.30250°N 117.97500°W / 47.30250 ; -117.97500 ( Mary Queen of Heaven Roman Catholic Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sprague , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sprague,_Washington', 'summary': 'Sprague is a city in Lincoln County , Washington , United States . The population was 446 at the 2010 census . The town was plotted in 1880 and named for former American Civil War Union general John Wilson Sprague .'}]}, {'value': 'Gothic Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of the Immaculate Conception', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steilacoom_Catholic_Church', 'summary': 'The Steilacoom Catholic Church ( also known as the Church of the Immaculate Conception ) is a Roman Catholic church in Steilacoom , Washington , United States . It was originally built in 1855 near Fort Steilacoom , but was moved to its present location in 1864 . It was the first Catholic church built in Washington . It was a mission church . The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 .'}]}, {'value': '1864 built 1974 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1810 Nisqually St. 47°10′16.3″N 122°35′36.9″W / 47.171194°N 122.593583°W / 47.171194 ; -122.593583 ( Church of the Immaculate Conception ( Steilacoom , Washington ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steilacoom , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steilacoom,_Washington', 'summary': 'Steilacoom ( /ˈstɪləkəm/ ) is a town in Pierce County , Washington , United States . The population was 5,985 at the 2010 census . Steilacoom is on the coast of Puget Sound , on a branch not visible on the map to the right . Steilacoom incorporated in 1854 and became the first incorporated town in what is now Washington state . It has also become a bedroom community for service members stationed at Joint Base Lewis-McChord . Based on per capita income , Steilacoom ranks 61st of 522 areas ranked in the state of Washington .'}]}, {'value': 'First catholic church in Washington', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Boniface Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Boniface_Church,_Convent_and_Rectory', 'summary': 'St. Boniface Church , Convent and Rectory is a historic site in Uniontown , Washington , United States . It was built in 1905 , consecrated in 1910 , making it the first to be consecrated in the state of Washington , and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 .'}]}, {'value': '1905 built 1994 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '206 St. Boniface St. 46°32′25″N 117°5′27″W / 46.54028°N 117.09083°W / 46.54028 ; -117.09083 ( St. Boniface Church ( Uniontown , Washington ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uniontown , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uniontown,_Washington', 'summary': 'Uniontown is a town in Whitman County , Washington , United States . The population was 294 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Romanesque Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proto-Cathedral of St. James the Greater', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proto-Cathedral_of_St._James_the_Greater', 'summary': 'The Proto-Cathedral of St. James the Greater ( formerly St. James Catholic Church ) is a church building and parish of the Catholic Church located in Vancouver , Washington , United States . The parish is part of the Archdiocese of Seattle and traces its roots to the initial arrival of missionary priests in the Oregon Country in the 1830s ; its first dedicated church building was built in 1846 . The church was elevated to a cathedral when the Diocese of Nesqually ( the original name of the Archdiocese of Seattle ) was established in 1850 ; the present-day church building was completed in 1885 . It was reverted to a parish church when the present-day St. James Cathedral opened in Seattle in 1907 . The church building was listed on the Washington Heritage Register in 1986 . The church was formally dedicated as a proto-cathedral , i.e. , former cathedral , in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '1885 built', 'urls': []}, {'value': '218 W 12th St. 45°37′51″N 122°40′23″W / 45.63083°N 122.67306°W / 45.63083 ; -122.67306 ( Proto-Cathedral of St. James the Greater ( Vancouver , Washington ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vancouver , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington', 'summary': 'Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington . It is the largest suburb of Portland , Oregon . Incorporated in 1857 , Vancouver had a population of 161,791 as of the 2010 U.S. census , making it the fourth-largest city in Washington state . Vancouver is the county seat of Clark County and forms part of the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area , the 23rd largest metropolitan area in the United States . Originally established in 1825 around Fort Vancouver , a fur-trading outpost , the city is located on the Washington/Oregon border along the Columbia River , directly north of Portland . In 2005 , Money magazine named it No . 91 on its list of best places in America to live . In 2016 , WalletHub ranked Vancouver the 89th best place in the U.S. for families to live .'}]}, {'value': 'Gothic Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Paul Cathedral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Paul_Cathedral_(Yakima,_Washington)', 'summary': "St. Paul 's Cathedral , Yakima , Washington , United States , is a Catholic cathedral and a parish church in the Diocese of Yakima ."}]}, {'value': '1914 built', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 S. 12th Ave. 46°35′46″N 120°31′33″W / 46.59611°N 120.52583°W / 46.59611 ; -120.52583 ( St. Paul Cathedral ( Yakima , Washington ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yakima , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yakima,_Washington', 'summary': "Yakima ( /ˈjækɪmɑː/ or /ˈjækɪmə/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Yakima County , Washington , and the state 's eleventh-largest city by population . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 91,067 and a metropolitan population of 243,231 . The unincorporated suburban areas of West Valley and Terrace Heights are considered a part of greater Yakima . Yakima is about 60 miles ( 100 kilometers ) southeast of Mount Rainier in Washington . It is situated in the Yakima Valley , a productive agricultural region noted for apple , wine , and hop production . As of 2011 , the Yakima Valley produces 77% of all hops grown in the United States . The name Yakima originates from the Yakama Nation Native American tribe , whose reservation is located south of the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Spanish Colonial Revival', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Washington', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Catholic_churches_in_the_United_States_47', 'intro': 'This is a list of notable Catholic churches and cathedrals in the United States.'} | null | null | Which church is located in a city in Snohomish County ? | St. Anne 's Church |
0bb62bb4f5a16aec | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_NFL_Draft', 'title': '1992 NFL Draft', 'header': ['Original NFL team', 'Player', 'Pos', 'College', 'Conf'], 'data': [{'value': 'Chicago Bears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Chicago_Bears_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Chicago Bears season was their 73rd regular season completed in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The Bears were looking to get back into the playoffs for a third straight year and improve on their 11-5 record , which was good enough for second place in the NFC Central , and to win their eighth division title in ten years . Although the Bears had a 4-3 record through seven games , they lost eight of their remaining nine ( including six consecutively ) and finished at 5-11 . The Bears ' poor record resulted in the termination of Mike Ditka as head coach on January 5 , 1993 after eleven seasons . Dave Wannstedt , who was serving as the Dallas Cowboys ' defensive coordinator , was hired to take his place . Ditka was fired from coaching the Bears with a 106-62 record , playoff appearances in seven out of 11 seasons since 1982 and a Super Bowl victory in 1985 , with the defense considered the best of all time . He would return as a head coach in the NFL with the New Orleans Saints in 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kelly Blackwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Blackwell', 'summary': 'Kelly Blackwell ( born February 13 , 1969 ) is a former professional American football tight end in the National Football League . He played college football at Texas Christian University , where he was named to the All-America Team in 1991 and holds the all-time record for receptions with 181 . Blackwell played in sixteen games with the Chicago Bears in 1992 and two games with the Dallas Cowboys in 1993 .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'TCU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_TCU_Horned_Frogs_football_team', 'summary': "The 1991 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University ( TCU ) in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Horned Frogs finished the season 7-4 overall and 4-4 in the Southwest Conference . The team was coached by Jim Wacker , in his ninth and final year as head coach . The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium , which is located on campus in Fort Worth , Texas . Following the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season , TCU replaced the existing upper-deck seating area of Amon G. Carter stadium with aluminum bleacher seating . The new designed reduced the official seating capacity of the stadium from 46,083 to 44,008 . Additionally , TCU replaced the field 's artificial turf with natural grass ."}]}, {'value': 'SWC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southwest_Conference', 'summary': "The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996 . Composed primarily of schools from Texas , at various times the conference included schools from Oklahoma and Arkansas as well , but not from the actual Southwestern United States . For most of its history , the core members of the conference were Texas-based schools plus one in Arkansas : Rice University , Southern Methodist University , Texas A & M University , Texas Christian University , Baylor University , the University of Arkansas , and the University of Texas . After a long period of stability , the conference 's overall athletic prowess began to decline throughout the 1980s , due in part to numerous member schools violating NCAA recruiting rules , culminating in the suspension of the entire SMU football program ( death penalty ) for the 1987 and 1988 seasons . Arkansas , after years of feeling like an outsider in the conference , left after the 1990-91 school year to join the Southeastern Conference , although they did compete in the SWC in football for the 1991 season . Five years later , the conference precipitously broke up as Baylor , Texas , Texas A & M , and Texas Tech ( which had entered in 1956 ) combined with the members of the former Big Eight Conference to form a new league , the Big 12 Conference , while Rice , SMU , TCU , and Houston ( which entered the SWC in 1976 ) found homes in less prominent conferences ( although TCU later joined the Big 12 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago Bears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Chicago_Bears_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Chicago Bears season was their 73rd regular season completed in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The Bears were looking to get back into the playoffs for a third straight year and improve on their 11-5 record , which was good enough for second place in the NFC Central , and to win their eighth division title in ten years . Although the Bears had a 4-3 record through seven games , they lost eight of their remaining nine ( including six consecutively ) and finished at 5-11 . The Bears ' poor record resulted in the termination of Mike Ditka as head coach on January 5 , 1993 after eleven seasons . Dave Wannstedt , who was serving as the Dallas Cowboys ' defensive coordinator , was hired to take his place . Ditka was fired from coaching the Bears with a 106-62 record , playoff appearances in seven out of 11 seasons since 1982 and a Super Bowl victory in 1985 , with the defense considered the best of all time . He would return as a head coach in the NFL with the New Orleans Saints in 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jim Schwantz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Schwantz', 'summary': 'James William Schwantz ( born January 23 , 1970 ) is the Mayor of Palatine , Illinois . He is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears , Dallas Cowboys , and San Francisco 49ers . He played college football at Purdue University .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Purdue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Purdue_Boilermakers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 Purdue Boilermakers football team represented Purdue University during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Ross-Ade Stadium in West Lafayette , Indiana . The team was coached by head coach Jim Colletto .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 25th year in professional football and its 23rd with the National Football League ( NFL ) . They finished the year with five wins and 11 losses , and did not qualify for the playoffs . The Bengals , who were then owned by Mike Brown , the son of coach Paul Brown , now turned to the son of another coach to lead the team on the field when he hired assistant Dave Shula to assume the head coaching reins . The Bengals selected University of Houston quarterback David Klingler in the first round of the 1992 NFL Draft . The younger Shula got off to a good start as the Bengals won their first two games , but then lost its next five games , on the way to a five-win season . Wide receiver Carl Pickens , a second-round selection out of the University of Tennessee , earned Offensive Rookie of the Year honors . Following the season , perennial all-pro offensive tackle Anthony Muñoz retired , as the Bengals moved in a new direction by trading quarterback Boomer Esiason to the New York Jets ."}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Sargent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Sargent_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Kevin Sargent ( born March 31 , 1969 in Bremerton , Washington ) is a former American football Offensive tackle in the National Football League . He was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 1992 . He played college football at Eastern Washington .'}]}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense .'}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Washington_Eagles_football', 'summary': 'The Eastern Washington Eagles football team represents Eastern Washington University in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision . The Eastern Eagles are members of the Big Sky Conference and play at Roos Field , which is known for being the only stadium in college football with a red playing surface .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Sky Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I , with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision . Member institutions are located in the western United States in the nine states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . Four affiliate members each participate in one sport . Two schools from California are football-only participants , and two schools from the Northeast participate only in men 's golf ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 25th year in professional football and its 23rd with the National Football League ( NFL ) . They finished the year with five wins and 11 losses , and did not qualify for the playoffs . The Bengals , who were then owned by Mike Brown , the son of coach Paul Brown , now turned to the son of another coach to lead the team on the field when he hired assistant Dave Shula to assume the head coaching reins . The Bengals selected University of Houston quarterback David Klingler in the first round of the 1992 NFL Draft . The younger Shula got off to a good start as the Bengals won their first two games , but then lost its next five games , on the way to a five-win season . Wide receiver Carl Pickens , a second-round selection out of the University of Tennessee , earned Offensive Rookie of the Year honors . Following the season , perennial all-pro offensive tackle Anthony Muñoz retired , as the Bengals moved in a new direction by trading quarterback Boomer Esiason to the New York Jets ."}]}, {'value': 'Milt Stegall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milt_Stegall', 'summary': 'Milton Eugene Stegall ( born January 25 , 1970 ) is a former professional gridiron football player who played 17 years of professional football , three years in the National Football League with the Cincinnati Bengals and 14 years in the Canadian Football League with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers . He is currently an analyst on the CFL on TSN studio panel . Stegall was an All-Star receiver for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL . Spanning an illustrious 14-year career from 1995-2008 , he held several major CFL records upon his retirement including most career receiving yards , and currently holds the record for career receiving touchdowns and most touchdowns scored . In 2012 , he was elected into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Miami_RedHawks_football_team', 'summary': "The 1991 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . In its second season under head coach Randy Walker , the team compiled a 6-4-1 record ( 4-3-1 against MAC opponents ) , finished in a tie for third place in the MAC , and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 214 to 140 . The team 's statistical leaders included Jim Clement with 938 passing yards , Kevin Ellerbe with 708 rushing yards , and Milt Stegall with 489 receiving yards ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 25th year in professional football and its 23rd with the National Football League ( NFL ) . They finished the year with five wins and 11 losses , and did not qualify for the playoffs . The Bengals , who were then owned by Mike Brown , the son of coach Paul Brown , now turned to the son of another coach to lead the team on the field when he hired assistant Dave Shula to assume the head coaching reins . The Bengals selected University of Houston quarterback David Klingler in the first round of the 1992 NFL Draft . The younger Shula got off to a good start as the Bengals won their first two games , but then lost its next five games , on the way to a five-win season . Wide receiver Carl Pickens , a second-round selection out of the University of Tennessee , earned Offensive Rookie of the Year honors . Following the season , perennial all-pro offensive tackle Anthony Muñoz retired , as the Bengals moved in a new direction by trading quarterback Boomer Esiason to the New York Jets ."}]}, {'value': 'Jeff Thomason', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Thomason', 'summary': 'Jeffrey David Thomason ( born December 30 , 1969 ) is a former American football tight end .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Oregon_Ducks_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 Oregon Ducks football team represented the University of Oregon during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . They were led by head coach Rich Brooks , who was in his 15th season as head coach of the Ducks . They played their home games at Autzen Stadium in Eugene , Oregon and participated as members of the Pacific-10 Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Pac-10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pac-12_Conference', 'summary': "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise 's 33rd season in the National Football League and was the fourth year of the franchise under head coach Jimmy Johnson which the Cowboys made one of three Super Bowl appearances between 1992-95 . Headed by a powerful offense and the NFL 's number one ranked defense , Dallas fielded at the time , the youngest team in the NFL and posted a franchise-best 13-3 record throughout the regular season . In the playoffs , the Cowboys disposed of the Philadelphia Eagles , followed by a memorable victory against the San Francisco 49ers en route to a Super Bowl XXVII win over the Buffalo Bills ."}]}, {'value': 'Lin Elliot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lin_Elliot', 'summary': 'Lindley Franklin Elliott Jr. ( born November 11 , 1968 ) is a former kicker in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys and Kansas City Chiefs . He played college football at Texas Tech . He earned a Super Bowl ring playing for the Cowboys in Super Bowl XXVII .'}]}, {'value': 'K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Placekicker', 'summary': "Placekicker , or simply kicker ( PK or K ) , is the player in gridiron football who is responsible for the kicking duties of field goals and extra points . In many cases , the placekicker also serves as the team 's kickoff specialist or punter as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University in the Southwest Conference ( SWC ) during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . In their fifth season under head coach Spike Dykes , the Red Raiders compiled a 6-5 record ( 5-3 against SWC opponents ) , finished in a tie for second place in the conference , and outscored opponents by a combined total of 315 to 272 . The team played its home games at Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium in Lubbock , Texas .'}]}, {'value': 'SWC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southwest_Conference', 'summary': "The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996 . Composed primarily of schools from Texas , at various times the conference included schools from Oklahoma and Arkansas as well , but not from the actual Southwestern United States . For most of its history , the core members of the conference were Texas-based schools plus one in Arkansas : Rice University , Southern Methodist University , Texas A & M University , Texas Christian University , Baylor University , the University of Arkansas , and the University of Texas . After a long period of stability , the conference 's overall athletic prowess began to decline throughout the 1980s , due in part to numerous member schools violating NCAA recruiting rules , culminating in the suspension of the entire SMU football program ( death penalty ) for the 1987 and 1988 seasons . Arkansas , after years of feeling like an outsider in the conference , left after the 1990-91 school year to join the Southeastern Conference , although they did compete in the SWC in football for the 1991 season . Five years later , the conference precipitously broke up as Baylor , Texas , Texas A & M , and Texas Tech ( which had entered in 1956 ) combined with the members of the former Big Eight Conference to form a new league , the Big 12 Conference , while Rice , SMU , TCU , and Houston ( which entered the SWC in 1976 ) found homes in less prominent conferences ( although TCU later joined the Big 12 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Detroit_Lions_season', 'summary': 'The 1992 Detroit Lions season was the 63rd season in franchise history . After going 12-4 from the 1991 season , the Lions took a step back as they posted a disappointing 5-11 record despite another Pro Bowl season from Barry Sanders , who passed Billy Sims for the franchise record in rushing on November 22 . The Lions were expected to once again challenge for the NFC title .'}]}, {'value': 'Eric Lynch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eric_Lynch_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Eric D. Lynch ( born May 16 , 1970 ) is a former American football running back in the National Football League who played for the Detroit Lions . He played college football for the Grand Valley State Lakers . He was inducted into Grand Valley States Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Grand Valley State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Valley_State_Lakers_football', 'summary': "The Grand Valley State Lakers football team represents Grand Valley State University ( GVSU ) in NCAA Division II football . The team currently competes in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and was affiliated with the now defunct Midwest Intercollegiate Football Conference . The Lakers football team has appeared in six NCAA Division II national title games , winning four championships , since 2001 . The team has made the playoffs in 17 seasons . They have also won or shared 16 conference titles ( GLIAC & MIFC ) . Since the start of the football program in 1970 , the team has an overall winning percentage of .729 ( 371-137-3 ) that places the program ranking the one of the highest among teams from NCAA Division 2 Football . The Lakers all time home record is 171-38-1 . Grand Valley has played its home field games at Lubbers Stadium since 1973 . The stadium has undergone numerous renovations and expansions in recent years to accommodate the overflow crowds that regularly exceed the stadium 's 10,444 seat capacity ."}]}, {'value': 'MIFC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midwest_Intercollegiate_Football_Conference', 'summary': 'The Midwest Intercollegiate Football Conference ( MIFC ) was a football-only NCAA Division II conference formed for the 1990 football season . The conference was formed as the result of a merger of the football only Heartland Collegiate Conference and the football playing members of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ( GLIAC ) . The membership in the MIFC was a somewhat unstable occurrence with membership ranging from 11 members when it formed in 1990 to 14 members in the final 1998 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Detroit_Lions_season', 'summary': 'The 1992 Detroit Lions season was the 63rd season in franchise history . After going 12-4 from the 1991 season , the Lions took a step back as they posted a disappointing 5-11 record despite another Pro Bowl season from Barry Sanders , who passed Billy Sims for the franchise record in rushing on November 22 . The Lions were expected to once again challenge for the NFC title .'}]}, {'value': 'Bernard Wilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernard_Wilson_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Bernard Wilson ( born August 17 , 1970 in Nashville , Tennessee ) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League . He was signed by the Detroit Lions as an undrafted free agent in 1992 . He played college football at Tennessee State . Wilson also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Arizona Cardinals .'}]}, {'value': 'DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Tigers_football', 'summary': 'The Tennessee State Tigers are the college football team representing the Tennessee State University . The Tigers play in NCAA Division I Football Championship as a member of the Ohio Valley Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'OVC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_Valley_Conference', 'summary': "The Ohio Valley Conference ( OVC ) is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States . It participates in Division I of the NCAA ; the conference 's football programs compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ; formerly known as Division I-AA ) , the lower of two levels of Division I football competition . The OVC has 12 members , 9 of which compete in football in the conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Denver Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Denver_Broncos_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Denver Broncos season was the team 's 33rd year in professional football and its 23rd with the National Football League ( NFL ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Russell Freeman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russell_Freeman_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Russell Freeman ( born September 2 , 1969 in Homestead , Pennsylvania ) is a former player in the National Football League . He played for the Denver Broncos and the Oakland Raiders . He played collegiately for the Georgia Tech football team .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_and_Canadian_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Yellow Jackets were led by head coach Bobby Ross in his fifth and final year with the team , and played their home games at Bobby Dodd Stadium in Atlanta , Georgia . They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference , finishing tied for second . The defending national champions of the Coaches Poll , Georgia Tech finished with a disappointing five losses . They opened the year with a top-ten battle with Penn State in the Kickoff Classic , losing 22-34 . Further losses to ACC foes Clemson and NC State knocked Georgia Tech out of the polls . They won 5 of their last 6 , however , capped by a come-from-behind win over Stanford in the 1991 Aloha Bowl in Honolulu .'}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'Denver Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Denver_Broncos_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Denver Broncos season was the team 's 33rd year in professional football and its 23rd with the National Football League ( NFL ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Arthur Marshall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Marshall_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Arthur James Marshall Jr. ( born April 29 , 1969 ) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League . He was signed by the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 1992 . He played college football at Georgia . Marshall also played for the New York Giants .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Georgia_Bulldogs_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Bulldogs completed the season with a 9-3 record .'}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Denver Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Denver_Broncos_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Denver Broncos season was the team 's 33rd year in professional football and its 23rd with the National Football League ( NFL ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Willie Oshodin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willie_Oshodin', 'summary': 'Willie Oshodin ( born September 16 , 1969 ) is a former American football defensive end . He played for the Denver Broncos from 1993 to 1995 .'}]}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_end', 'summary': 'Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played .'}]}, {'value': 'Villanova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Villanova_Wildcats_football', 'summary': 'The Villanova Wildcats football program represents Villanova University in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS , known as Division I-AA until 2006 ) . The Wildcats currently compete in the Colonial Athletic Association for football only . They play on campus at Villanova Stadium with capacity of 12,000 , with some games at PPL Park in Chester with capacity of 18,000 . They are currently led by head coach Mark Ferrante . Former head coach Andy Talley was head coach of the program from its reinstatement in 1985 through 2016 and led the program to its first NCAA Division I FCS national championship in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Yankee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yankee_Conference', 'summary': "The Yankee Conference was a collegiate sports conference in the eastern United States . It once sponsored competition in many sports , but eventually became a football-only league . Although not under the same charter , it is essentially an ancestor of today 's Colonial Athletic Association ( CAA ) football conference . The Yankee Conference essentially was formed in 1938 as the New England Conference . The NCAA however considers the Yankee Conference and New England Conference to be two separate conferences , as they were formed under different charters ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Dolphins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Miami_Dolphins_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Miami Dolphins season was the franchise 's 27th season in the National Football League . The season began with the team attempting to improve on their 8-8 record in 1991 . The season was a success as the Dolphins finished the season 11-5 , won the AFC East and returned to the playoffs after a one-year absence . After beating the Chargers 31-0 in the Divisional Playoffs , they played host to their AFC East rivals the Buffalo Bills in the AFC Championship Game . However , 5 turnovers and a huge disparity in the running game meant they lost the game 29-10 . As of 2020 , this was the last time the Dolphins have made the AFC Championship Game ."}]}, {'value': 'Bernie Parmalee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernie_Parmalee', 'summary': 'Bernard Bernie Parmalee ( born September 16 , 1967 in Jersey City , New Jersey ) is an American football coach and former running back . He currently serves as the running backs coach for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Ball State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ball_State_Cardinals_football', 'summary': "The Ball State Cardinals football team is a college football program representing Ball State University in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) college football . Mike Neu is the current head coach . Ball State plays its home games on Scheumann Stadium on the campus of Ball State University in Muncie , Indiana . The Cardinals compete in the Mid-American Conference as a member of the West Division . The Cardinals have a 421-381-32 record , which ranks below the top 50 most victories among NCAA FBS programs . Ball State was originally classified as a teacher 's college , participating in the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) from 1937 until 1956 . In 1957 , they were classified as a Small College school until 1972 . Ball State received Division II classification in 1973 , before becoming a Division I-AA program in 1975 and a Division I-A ( now FBS ) program in 1981 , dropping to Division I-AA for a single season ( 1982 ) before returning to Division I-A ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota Vikings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Minnesota_Vikings_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Minnesota Vikings season was the team 's 32nd in the 73rd regular season of the National Football League . The Vikings finished with a record of 11 wins and five losses . With that record , they returned to the playoffs after a two-year absence . They met the Washington Redskins , their first playoff meeting in six years after the 1987 NFC Championship game , this time in the Wildcard round . The Vikings looked to avenge their loss , but it was too late as the Redskins would go on to stun the NFC Central champions , 24-7 . Minnesota 's starting quarterbacks were Rich Gannon , who went 8-4 in twelve starts , and Sean Salisbury , who won three of his four starts . The team 's leading rusher was Terry Allen , who ran for 1,201 yards . Receivers Cris Carter and Anthony Carter led the team with 681 and 580 receiving yards , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'John Jett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Jett', 'summary': 'John Jett ( born November 11 , 1968 ) is a former American football punter in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys and the Detroit Lions . He played college football for East Carolina University . Jett won two Super Bowl rings with the Cowboys in Super Bowl XXVIII and Super Bowl XXX .'}]}, {'value': 'P', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punter_(football)', 'summary': 'A punter ( P ) in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts ( kicks ) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage . This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football . Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations , when they throw or run the football instead of punting .'}]}, {'value': 'East Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_East_Carolina_Pirates_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 East Carolina Pirates football team represented East Carolina University in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Pirates offense scored 409 points while the defense allowed 277 points . Led by head coach Bill Lewis , the Pirates won the Peach Bowl defeating in-state rival NC State .'}]}, {'value': 'Ind . ( I-A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_New_York_Giants_season', 'summary': "The 1992 New York Giants season was the franchise 's 68th season in the National Football League . The Giants finished in fourth place in the National Football Conference East Division with a 6-10 record . Head coach Ray Handley was fired after this season , when the Giants finished 1-6 after starting the season 5-4 . Injuries helped to mar the Giants ' season , especially at quarterback . Phil Simms , once again the team 's starting quarterback , suffered a season-ending elbow injury in Week 4 . With Simms out the team once again turned to Jeff Hostetler , the Giants ' original 1991 starter and winner of Super Bowl XXV , to take his place . Hostetler , who had his own troubles with injuries including a broken back that ended his 1991 season , soon found himself out of the lineup after suffering a concussion in Week 12 . The Giants were then forced to turn to a pair of rookies , Kent Graham and Dave Brown , but Graham suffered from elbow and shoulder problems , and Brown suffered a broken right thumb . Hostetler returned for the final two games of the season , a win over the Kansas City Chiefs and a loss to the Philadelphia Eagles . Perhaps the most catastrophic injury was the torn Achilles ' tendon suffered by future Hall of Fame linebacker Lawrence Taylor in Week 10 , as the Giants only won once more after the injury . It was the second consecutive year that an injury to Taylor ended his season prematurely ( a sprained knee in Week 13 of the 1991 season forced Taylor to miss the final game of the regular season and a previous game against the Cincinnati Bengals ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Corey Raymond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corey_Raymond', 'summary': 'Corey Raymond ( born September 28 , 1969 ) is an American football coach and former player . He the defensive backs coach at Louisiana State University ( LSU ) .'}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_LSU_Tigers_football_team', 'summary': "The 1991 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University for the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . Under head coach Curley Hallman , the Tigers had a record of 5-6 with a Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) record of 3-4 . It was Hallman 's first season as head coach at LSU ."}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Phoenix Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Phoenix_Cardinals_season', 'summary': 'The 1992 Phoenix Cardinals season was the 73rd season the team was in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The team matched their previous output of 4-12 . The Cardinals failed to qualify to the playoffs for the tenth straight season . Two of the Cardinals victories came at the expense of playoff-bound teams . Phoenix defeated the defending Super Bowl champion Redskins in week five , and in week nine , the Cards toppled the 49ers , who finished the regular season with the NFLs best record of 14-2 .'}]}, {'value': 'Keith Rucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keith_Rucker', 'summary': 'Keith Rucker V ( born November 20 , 1968 ) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League . He played for the Phoenix Cardinals ( 1992-1993 ) , the Cincinnati Bengals ( 1994-1995 ) , Philadelphia Eagles ( 1996 ) , the Washington Redskins ( 1996-1997 ) , and the Kansas City Chiefs ( 1997 ) . He played college football at Eastern Michigan University and Ohio Wesleyan University . Rucker is currently the defensive line coach at Capital University .'}]}, {'value': 'DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Eastern_Michigan_Eagles_football_team', 'summary': "The 1991 Eastern Michigan Eagles football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . In their ninth season under head coach Jim Harkema , the Eagles compiled a 3-7-1 record ( 3-4-1 against conference opponents ) , finished in seventh place in the Mid-American Conference , and were outscored by their opponents , 232 to 144 . The team lost to two Big Ten Conference opponents , Purdue ( 3-49 ) and Wisconsin ( 6-21 ) . The team 's statistical leaders included Kwame McKinnon with 849 passing yards , Cameron Moss with 452 rushing yards , and Jon Pfeifer with 241 receiving yards ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_San_Diego_Chargers_season', 'summary': "The 1992 San Diego Chargers season was the team 's 33rd season , their 32nd in San Diego , and 23rd in the National Football League . The Chargers began with the team trying to improve on their 4-12 record in 1991 . Bobby Ross began his first season as the team 's head coach , after having spent the previous five years as a college coach at Georgia Tech . The team made the playoffs for the first time in ten years . The Chargers would lose their first four games of the season , but would rally to an 11-5 finish to the season , clinching the AFC West title , and becoming the first ( and to this day , only ) NFL team to start 0-4 and still make the playoffs ."}]}, {'value': 'Alfred Pupunu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Pupunu', 'summary': 'Alfred Sione Pupunu ( born October 16 , 1969 ) is a former professional American football tight end who played nine seasons in the National Football League from 1992 to 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Weber State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Weber_State_Wildcats_football_team', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'Big Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Sky Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I , with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision . Member institutions are located in the western United States in the nine states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . Four affiliate members each participate in one sport . Two schools from California are football-only participants , and two schools from the Northeast participate only in men 's golf ."}]}, {'value': 'San Francisco 49ers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_San_Francisco_49ers_season', 'summary': "The 1992 San Francisco 49ers season was the team 's 43rd year with the National Football League . The 49ers appeared in the NFC Championship Game for the second time in three seasons . This would be the last season the Niners would have with Joe Montana . His last game as a 49er was on the December 28 MNF game against the Lions ."}]}, {'value': 'Derrick Deese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derrick_Deese', 'summary': 'Derrick Deezy Deese ( born May 17 , 1970 ) is a former American football offensive tackle who played professionally in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He co-hosts a radio show on Fox Sports Radio weekends from 9am to 1pm Pacific Time .'}]}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense .'}]}, {'value': 'USC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_USC_Trojans_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California ( USC ) in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . In their fifth year under head coach Larry Smith , the Trojans compiled a 3-8 record ( 2-6 against conference opponents ) , finished in eighth place in the Pacific-10 Conference ( Pac-10 ) , and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 276 to 229 . Quarterback Reggie Perry led the team in passing , completing 131 of 255 passes for 1,574 yards with three touchdowns and 12 interceptions . Deon Strother led the team in rushing with 129 carries for 614 yards and seven touchdowns . Johnnie Morton led the team in receiving with 49 catches for 662 yards and no touchdowns .'}]}, {'value': 'Pac-10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pacific-10_Conference', 'summary': "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ."}]}, {'value': 'San Francisco 49ers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_San_Francisco_49ers_season', 'summary': "The 1992 San Francisco 49ers season was the team 's 43rd year with the National Football League . The 49ers appeared in the NFC Championship Game for the second time in three seasons . This would be the last season the Niners would have with Joe Montana . His last game as a 49er was on the December 28 MNF game against the Lions ."}]}, {'value': 'Mark Seay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Seay', 'summary': 'Mark Edward Seay ( born April 11 , 1967 ) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the San Francisco 49ers , San Diego Chargers and Philadelphia Eagles . He played college football at Long Beach State University . Seay has the distinction of being the first NFL player to score a two-point conversion in Super Bowl history .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Long Beach State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Long_Beach_State_49ers_football_team', 'summary': "The 1991 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented California State University , Long Beach [ note 1 ] during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . Cal State Long Beach competed in the Big West Conference . The team was led by Willie Brown , and played home games at Veterans Stadium on the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach , California . The 49ers offense scored 207 points while the defense allowed 412 points . This was the last season for Cal State Long Beach 's football program ."}]}, {'value': 'Ind . ( I-A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member .'}]}, {'value': 'Seattle Seahawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Seattle_Seahawks_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Seattle Seahawks season was the team 's 17th season with the National Football League . The 1992 season was the first of three seasons in Seattle for head coach Tom Flores . The Seahawks ' 0.125 winning percentage in 1992 remains the worst in franchise history . The Seahawks ' 140 points ( 8.8 points per game ) scored in the regular season is the lowest total for any team playing a 16-game season . For comparison , the 2008 Detroit Lions , who went winless , scored 268 points , nearly double . Long-time quarterback Dave Krieg had left Seattle for the rival Kansas City Chiefs in the offseason , leaving Seattle with Kelly Stouffer , Stan Gelbaugh and Dan McGwire ( brother of Major League Baseball star Mark McGwire ) as their three quarterbacks . Football Outsiders calls Seattle 's 1992 offense the worst offense in ( their ranking system 's ) history . Seattle 's 1,778 passing yards are the fewest in a season by any team during the 1990s . Seattle was so inept that from the first game of the season until their Week 13 overtime win over Denver , they collectively had fewer points scored than punts attempted ; for the entire season , the team finished with only slightly more points than punts . The team failed to score more than 17 points in a single game . Despite their historically inept offense , Football Outsiders also ranked Seattle as having the third-best defense in 1992 , making them the most imbalanced team ever measured . The Seahawks ' star defensive tackle Cortez Kennedy was named the 1992 NFL Defensive Player of the Year ."}]}, {'value': 'James Harris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Harris_(defensive_end)', 'summary': 'James Edward Harris ( born May 13 , 1968 , in East St. Louis , Illinois ) is a former professional American football player who played defensive end for six seasons for the Minnesota Vikings , the St. Louis Rams , and the Oakland Raiders .'}]}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_end', 'summary': 'Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played .'}]}, {'value': 'Temple', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Temple_Owls_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 Temple Owls football team represented Temple University in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . They were part of the Big East , placing last in the conference with a season record of two wins , nine losses .'}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle Seahawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Seattle_Seahawks_season', 'summary': "The 1992 Seattle Seahawks season was the team 's 17th season with the National Football League . The 1992 season was the first of three seasons in Seattle for head coach Tom Flores . The Seahawks ' 0.125 winning percentage in 1992 remains the worst in franchise history . The Seahawks ' 140 points ( 8.8 points per game ) scored in the regular season is the lowest total for any team playing a 16-game season . For comparison , the 2008 Detroit Lions , who went winless , scored 268 points , nearly double . Long-time quarterback Dave Krieg had left Seattle for the rival Kansas City Chiefs in the offseason , leaving Seattle with Kelly Stouffer , Stan Gelbaugh and Dan McGwire ( brother of Major League Baseball star Mark McGwire ) as their three quarterbacks . Football Outsiders calls Seattle 's 1992 offense the worst offense in ( their ranking system 's ) history . Seattle 's 1,778 passing yards are the fewest in a season by any team during the 1990s . Seattle was so inept that from the first game of the season until their Week 13 overtime win over Denver , they collectively had fewer points scored than punts attempted ; for the entire season , the team finished with only slightly more points than punts . The team failed to score more than 17 points in a single game . Despite their historically inept offense , Football Outsiders also ranked Seattle as having the third-best defense in 1992 , making them the most imbalanced team ever measured . The Seahawks ' star defensive tackle Cortez Kennedy was named the 1992 NFL Defensive Player of the Year ."}]}, {'value': 'Rafael Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rafael_Robinson', 'summary': 'Rafael Robinson ( born June 19 , 1969 in Marshall , Texas ) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League . He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 1992 . He played college football at Wisconsin . Robinson also played for the Houston / Tennessee Oilers .'}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Wisconsin_Badgers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1991 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin-Madison during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season . They were led by second year head coach Barry Alvarez and participated as members of the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers played their home games at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison , Wisconsin .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Notable undrafted players', 'section_text': '† = Pro Bowler [ 4 ]', 'uid': '1992_NFL_Draft_1', 'intro': 'The 1992 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 26-27, 1992, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season. The 1992 draft was notable because for the first time since 1958 one team, the Indianapolis Colts, held the first two overall picks. Neither made a major impact in the league, and the 1992 draft in retrospect is considered one of the worst in league history. It is the only draft since 1960 to produce no Pro Football Hall of Famers. It was also the final NFL Draft featuring twelve rounds of selections; the league would reduce the rounds to eight the following season, and then seven the year after that, where it has remained since.'} | null | null | What is the mascot of the school attended by Jim Schwantz ? | Boilermakers |
0bb677ae0bfba8a2 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_International_Cross_Country_Championships', 'title': '1966 International Cross Country Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Country', 'Team', 'Points'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Roy Fowler Ron Hill Tim Johnston Mike Freary Tim Briault Gerry North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Fowler_(runner)', 'summary': "Henry Roy Fowler ( 26 March 1934 - 27 June 2009 ) was an English long-distance runner who competed mainly in track and cross country running competition . His greatest achievement was a gold medal at the International Cross Country Championships in 1963 . He won five other medals at that competition , including an individual bronze in 1968 and team gold medals with England in 1966 and 1968 . Fowler 's sole high level track medal was a bronze in the 10,000 metres at the 1962 European Athletics Championships . He had won that event at the AAA Championships that year in a Commonwealth record time of 27:49.8 minutes . He also represented England at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games and was a four-time champion at the World Masters Athletics Championships in the over-40s category ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ron_Hill', 'summary': 'Ronald Ron Hill MBE ( born 25 September 1938 ) is an English runner and clothing entrepreneur . He was the second man to break 2:10 in the marathon ; he set world records at four other distances , but never laid claim to the marathon world record . [ nb 1 ] He has run two Olympic Marathons ( Tokyo 1964 and Munich 1972 ) , and has a personal marathon record of 2:09:28 . In 1970 , Hill won the 74th Boston Marathon in a course record 2:10:30 . He also won gold medals for the marathon at the European Championships in 1969 and the Commonwealth Games in 1970 . Hill lays claim to the longest streak of consecutive days running , running every day for 52 years and 39 days from 1964 to 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tim_Johnston_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Tim Johnston ( born 11 March 1941 ) is a British long-distance runner . He competed in the marathon at the 1968 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '59', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Michel Jazy Guy Texereau Noel Tijou Bernard Maroquin Guy Caillet Yves Martinage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michel_Jazy', 'summary': 'Michel Jazy ( born 13 June 1936 ) is a French former middle-distance runner and long-distance runner . He won the 1500 metres silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics , as well as two golds ( in 1962 and 1966 ) and one silver ( in 1966 ) at the European Championships . He set nine world records in the mile ( once ) , 2000 metres ( twice ) and 3000 metres ( twice ) , the two miles ( twice ) and the 4×1500 metres relay ( twice ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Noel_Tijou', 'summary': "Noël Tijou ( born 12 December 1941 ) is a French long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 10,000 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '79', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'Ben Assou El Ghazi Ahmed Oukbouch Mohamed Bensaid Hammadi Ben Mohamed Mohamed Said Moha Ouali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Assou_El_Ghazi', 'summary': "Ben Assou El Ghazi ( Arabic : بن أسو الغازي ; born 1938 ) is a Moroccan long-distance runner who competed in track and cross country running events . He represented his country in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1964 Summer Olympics . He was the winner of the 1966 International Cross Country Championships - the second African to do so after Rhadi Ben Abdesselam . He also led the Moroccan team to African 's first team medal at the tournament . He won two gold medals on the track at the 1965 Pan Arab Games ."}]}, {'value': '184', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tunisia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tunisia', 'summary': "Tunisia [ a ] , officially the Republic of Tunisia [ b ] , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa , covering 163,610 square kilometres ( 63,170 square miles ) . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is also the northernmost point on the African continent . Tunisia is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . Tunisia 's population was 11.5 million in 2017 . Tunisia 's name is derived from its capital city , Tunis ( Berber native name : Tunest ) , which is located on its northeast coast . Geographically , Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains , and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert . Much of the rest of the country 's land is fertile soil . Its 1,300 kilometres ( 810 miles ) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and , by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel , feature the African mainland 's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar . Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic . It is considered to be the only fully democratic sovereign state in the Arab world . It has a high human development index . It has an association agreement with the European Union ; is a member of La Francophonie , the Union for the Mediterranean , the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Arab League , the OIC , the Greater Arab Free Trade Area , the Community of Sahel-Saharan States , the African Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 ; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Ahmed Zammel Ali Khamassi Hedi Hamrouni Labidi Ayachi Mhedheb Hannachi Rabah Ben Othman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmed_Zammel', 'summary': "Ahmed Zairi Zammel ( born 12 October 1944 ) is a Tunisian long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 5000 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Labidi_Ayachi', 'summary': 'Labidi Djaouadi Ayachi ( born 15 March 1938 ) is a Tunisian middle-distance runner . He competed in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '186', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': "Tracy Smith Doug Brown Eamon O'Reilly Tom Bache Michael Kimball Herb Lorenz", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tracy_Smith_(long-distance_runner)', 'summary': 'Tracy Evans Smith ( born March 15 , 1945 , in Altadena , California ) is a former American distance runner . He was a member of the 1968 U.S. Olympic Track and Field Team , competing in the 10,000 meters . He was ranked multiple times by Track & Field News as the No . 1 U.S. 5,000- and 10,000-meter runner in the mid- to late 60s , and was a six-time AAU National Champion from 1966 to 1973 , winning outdoors in the 3-mile , 6-mile and 10,000 meters , and three times in the indoor 3-mile . He was a three-time world record holder in the indoor 3-mile .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Doug_Brown_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Charles Douglas Doug Brown ( born March 1 , 1952 in Detroit , Michigan ) is a retired American track and field athlete , whose specialty was the Steeplechase .'}]}, {'value': '194', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Lachie Stewart Ian McCafferty Jim Alder John Linaker Andy Brown James Johnstone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lachie_Stewart', 'summary': "Joseph Laughlin ( Lachie ) Stewart ( born 22 June 1943 in Vale of Leven , West Dunbartonshire ) is a Scottish former distance runner , and an inductee in the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame . Stewart 's athletic career saw him compete at the 1970 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh , where he won Gold in the 10,000 meters over Ron Clarke of Australia , and the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich"}, {'url': '/wiki/Ian_McCafferty', 'summary': 'Ian John McCafferty ( born 24 November 1944 ) is a Scottish former long-distance runner . He won the silver medal at the 1970 Commonwealth Games 5000 metres when he recorded a time of 13:23.34 . This was one of the greatest races of all time . Reigning European 5000 metres champion Ian Stewart set a new European record and the two Scots , moved up to second and third on the world all-time list . In the race McCafferty defeated the current world record holder Ron Clarke , and Olympic 1,500 metres champion Kip Keino . McCafferty also finished sixth in the Commonwealth 1,500 metres in a time of 3:42.2 . McCafferty was Scottish 5000 metres champion in 1971 , and was also three times the Scottish champion in the mile run . He also won the AAA Indoor Championships on three occasions for two miles/3000 metres . He won the Junior race at the 1964 International Cross Country Championships . He represented Great Britain at the 1972 Munich Olympics . Competing over the 5000 m , he finished in 11th place with a time of 13:43.2 minutes . He was quicker in the heats , having won that race in a time of 13:38.2 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jim_Alder', 'summary': 'James Noel Carroll Alder MBE ( born 10 June 1940 ) is a British former distance runner , from Morpeth . Alder , who was born in Glasgow , was a foster child . His mother died of tuberculosis and his father was killed on the last day of World War II . He moved to Morpeth , north of Newcastle , and became interested in running .'}]}, {'value': '202', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Federal Republic of Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Gottfried Arnold Hans Gerlach Hans-Joachim Liess Arno Krausse Alfons Ida Peter Kubicki', 'urls': []}, {'value': '269', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Henri Clerckx Leon Moreels Albien van Holsbeek Cyrille van Geert Denis Jouret Frans van der Hoeven', 'urls': []}, {'value': '289', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': "Derek Graham Tom O'Riordan Jim McNamara Harry Simpson Tony Murphy Tony Hopkins", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derek_Graham', 'summary': 'Derek Graham ( born 3 September 1941 ) is a retired distance athlete from Northern Ireland . The first Northern Irish runner to break 4 minutes for the mile , he was ranked number 1 in the U.K. and Ireland over 2 miles/3000 m , 3 miles/5000 m and cross country at various periods in the 1960s . He was selected for nine consecutive International cross country races ( later to be recognised as the World Cross country ) , finishing second in 1966 in Rabat , Morocco . He competed in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics for Great Britain , finishing seventh in his initial heat for the 5000m race . He also competed in the 1966 European Championships , and the 1966 and 1970 Commonwealth Games . He was the Irish record holder for various distances [ which ? ] through this time . At the 1970 Commonwealth Games , Graham picked up a virus which later developed into myalgic encephalomyelitis , ultimately ending his athletics career .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Tom_O'Riordan", 'summary': "Thomas O'Riordan ( born 12 July 1937 ) is an Irish long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 5000 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '325', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': "Antonio Ambu Luigi Conti Osvaldo Segrada Alberto Bargnani Gioacchino De Palma Donato D'Agostino", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antonio_Ambu', 'summary': 'Antonio Ambu ( born 10 May 1936 ) is an Italian former long-distance runner who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics and in the 1968 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '345', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': 'Werner Dössegger Oskar Leupi Hansruedi Knill Hans Rüdisühli Edgar Friedli Walter Dietiker', 'urls': []}, {'value': '378', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wales', 'summary': "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Loosley Gerry Williams Hedydd Davies Fred Bell Roy Mack Tom Edmunds', 'urls': []}, {'value': '422', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gibraltar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gibraltar', 'summary': "Gibraltar ( /dʒɪˈbrɔːltər/ jih-BRAWL-tər , Spanish : [ xiβɾalˈtaɾ ] ) is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula . It has an area of 6.7 km2 ( 2.6 sq mi ) and is bordered to the north by Spain . The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar at the foot of which is a densely populated town area , home to over 32,000 people , primarily Gibraltarians . In 1704 , Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne . The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 . During World War II it was an important base for the Royal Navy as it controlled the entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea , the Strait of Gibraltar , which is only 14.3 km ( 8.9 mi ) wide at this naval choke point . It remains strategically important , with half the world 's seaborne trade passing through the strait . Today Gibraltar 's economy is based largely on tourism , online gambling , financial services and cargo ship refuelling . The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations because Spain asserts a claim to the territory . Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and , in a 2002 referendum , the idea of shared sovereignty was also rejected ."}]}, {'value': 'J. Evans J. Macedo A. Ryan J. Chappory Gomez de Torres', 'urls': []}, {'value': '567', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Team Results -- Men 's", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1966_International_Cross_Country_Championships_2', 'intro': 'The 1966 International Cross Country Championships was held in Rabat, Morocco, at the Souissi Racecourse on March 20, 1966. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald. Complete results for men, junior men, medallists, \n and the results of British athletes were published.'} | null | null | In what year was the last Olympics that the Italian person competed in ? | 1968 |
0bb6e8c81837cb5c | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships', 'title': '1997 World Junior Figure Skating Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Nation', 'TFP', 'SP', 'FS'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydne Vogel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydne_Vogel', 'summary': 'Sydne Vogel ( born June 20 , 1979 ) is an American former competitive figure skater . She is the 1996 Skate America bronze medalist and 1997 World Junior champion .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '2.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Sokolova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elena_Sokolova', 'summary': 'Elena Sergeyevna Sokolova ( Russian : Еле́на Серге́евна Соколо́ва ; born 15 February 1980 ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater . She is the 2003 World silver medalist , a three-time European medalist ( 2003-2004 , 2006 ) , and a three-time Russian national champion ( 2003-2004 , 2006 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '2.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Ivanova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elena_Ivanova', 'summary': 'Elena Ivanova ( Russian : Елена Иванова ; born 8 November 1979 ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater . She is the 1995 Finlandia Trophy champion , 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medalist , and 1996 World Junior champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '7.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fumie Suguri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fumie_Suguri', 'summary': 'Fumie Suguri ( 村主 章枝 , Suguri Fumie , born December 31 , 1980 ) is a Japanese figure skater . She is a three-time World medalist , a three-time Four Continents champion , the 2003 Grand Prix Final champion , and a five-time Japanese national champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '7.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Pingacheva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elena_Pingacheva', 'summary': 'Elena Pingacheva ( Russian : Елена Пингачева ; born 31 March 1981 ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater . She is the 1996 World Junior silver medalist . Following her retirement from competitive skating , she began skating professionally in the Moscow Stars on Ice ice theater .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '8.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julia Lautowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julia_Lautowa', 'summary': "Julia Lautowa ( Russian : Юлия Лаутова ; born 5 October 1981 ) is an Austrian former competitive figure skater in ladies ' singles . She is the 1996 Cup of Russia silver medalist , a two-time Karl Schäfer Memorial champion , and a six-time Austrian national champion . She placed in the top ten at five ISU Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria', 'summary': "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ."}]}, {'value': '9.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucinda Ruh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucinda_Ruh', 'summary': 'Lucinda Martha Ruh ( born 13 July 1979 ) is a three time Swiss National gold medalist competitive figure skater . She is also the 2000 and 2001 world professional bronze medalist . She is known as the Queen of Spin for her one of a kind outstanding spinning ability and for being a ballerina on ice . In April 2003 , Ruh set a Guinness world record for the most continuous spins ( 115 ) on one foot . She is the longest and fastest spinner on ice in the world ever clocking at six rotations a second . She has also created over twenty different new spin positions now required at competitions . She toured with Stars On Ice , Champions on Ice , and numerous other world wide tours skating live to Seal , Aretha Franklin , Gloria Gaynor etc . she also published her book Frozen Teardrop .'}]}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '12.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shizuka Arakawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shizuka_Arakawa', 'summary': 'Shizuka Arakawa ( 荒川 静香 , Arakawa Shizuka , born December 29 , 1981 ) is a Japanese figure skater . She is the 2006 Olympic Champion and the 2004 World Champion . Arakawa is the first Japanese skater to win an Olympic gold medal in figure skating and the second Japanese skater to win any Olympic medal in figure skating , after Midori Ito , who won silver in 1992 . She is also the second Japanese woman to win a gold medal at the Winter Olympics , following skier Tae Satoya . She was the only Japanese medalist at the 2006 Winter Olympics . Arakawa retired from competitive skating following her Olympic win and began skating professionally in ice shows and exhibitions . She also works as a skating sportscaster for Japanese television .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '13.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shelby Lyons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shelby_Lyons', 'summary': 'Shelby Lyons ( born May 24 , 1981 in Oswego , New York ) is an American retired competitive figure skater who competed in both singles and pairs . She originally competed as a single skater on the novice level before teaming up with Brian Wells . They won four medals at the United States Figure Skating Championships between 1995 and 1998 , and competed with twice at the World Figure Skating Championships , placing 10th in 1996 and in 1998 . Their partnership ended in 1998 . During this time , Lyons had been competing in singles . She was the 1996 U.S . Junior national champion in singles and had competed on the Junior Grand Prix . Following the end of the partnership , Lyons went back to focusing on skating singles . She has since retired and has skated professionally on Disney on Ice . She now teaches singles , pairs , and dance in Colorado .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '13.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fanny Cagnard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fanny_Cagnard', 'summary': 'Fanny Cagnard ( born 17 March 1981 ) is a French former competitive figure skater . She finished in the top ten at two World Junior Championships - 1997 and 1998 - and competed at three Champions Series events . After retiring from competition , she began coaching in Amiens . During her career , She also obtained 5 titles on French championships in Minime / Espoir / Junior categories and 3 titles as Vice Champion in Minime / Cadette / Junior She competed for the French team from 1993 to 2000'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '13.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gwenaëlle Jullien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwenaëlle_Jullien', 'summary': 'Gwenaëlle Jullien ( born 5 December 1982 ) is a French former competitive figure skater . She won bronze at the 1997 European Youth Olympic Festival , silver at the 1998 Junior Grand Prix in China , and finished in the top 15 at two World Junior Championships - 1997 ( Seoul ) and 1999 ( Zagreb ) . She is a two-time senior national medalist , having won bronze in 1997 and silver in 2000 . She trained in Amiens .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '14.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Neshcheret', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Neshcheret', 'summary': 'Anna Neshcheret ( born 2 November 1981 ) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater . She finished 12th at the 1997 World Junior Championships in Seoul , South Korea , and 5th at the 1999 Winter Universiade in Žilina , Slovakia .'}]}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': '15.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anina Fivian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anina_Fivian', 'summary': 'Anina Fivian ( born 25 March 1981 ) is a Swiss former competitive figure skater . She is a two-time Swiss national champion and reached the free skate at three ISU Championships - 1997 Europeans in Paris , 1997 Junior Worlds in Seoul , and 1998 Junior Worlds in Saint John , New Brunswick . Fivian was coached by Karlheinz Zitterbart and belonged to Eislauf-Club Thun . After retiring from competition , she performed in ice shows and then became a police officer .'}]}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '21.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veronika Dytrt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veronika_Dytrt', 'summary': 'Veronika Dytrtová ( born 18 June 1980 ) is a Czech former competitive figure skater . She is the 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medalist and a four-time Czech national medalist . In the first half of her career , she competed for Germany under the surname Dytrt , winning the bronze medal at the 1997 German Championships . Her best ISU Championship results were 14th at the 1997 World Junior Championships and 17th at the 1997 European Championships . She began competing for the Czech Republic in the 1998-99 season . She is the sister of Anette Dytrt . Her coaches included Steffi Ruttkies , Karin Gaiser , and Vlasta Kopřivová .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '22.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Volokhova', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': '23.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joanne Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joanne_Carter', 'summary': 'Joanne Jo Carter ( born 17 April 1980 ) is an Australian former competitive figure skater . She is the 1998 Piruetten champion , the 1996 Golden Spin of Zagreb silver medalist , the 2004 Karl Schäfer Memorial bronze medalist , and a seven-time Australian national champion . She reached the free skate at the 1998 Winter Olympics and fifteen ISU Championships - four World , eight Four Continents , and three World Junior Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '23.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sanna-Maija Wiksten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sanna-Maija_Wiksten', 'summary': 'Sanna-Maija Wiksten ( born 28 July 1980 ) is a Finnish former competitive figure skater . She is the 1998 Nordic champion , 1999 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medalist , and 1999 Finnish national champion . She reached the free skate at three ISU Championships - 1997 Junior Worlds , 1999 Europeans , and 2000 Europeans . She represented Tikkurilan Skating Club in Vantaa and Espoon Jäätaiturit in Espoo .'}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': '25.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zoe Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zoe_Jones_(figure_skater)', 'summary': "Zoe Jones , formerly Wood and Wilkinson ( born 14 January 1980 ) is a British figure skater . She is a two-time ( 2000 , 2001 ) British national champion in ladies ' singles . She reached the free skate at three ISU Championships and qualified for the 1998 Winter Olympics , but could not compete because of injury ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '27.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Annie Bellemare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Annie_Bellemare', 'summary': 'Annie Bellemare ( born January 2 , 1980 ) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater . She is the 2000 Four Continents bronze medallist , 2004 Bofrost Cup on Ice bronze medallist , and a five-time Canadian national medallist .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '27.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Klara Bramfeldt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Klara_Bramfeldt', 'summary': 'Klara Bramfeldt ( born 20 July 1979 ) is a Swedish former competitive figure skater . She is a three-time ( 1999-2001 ) Swedish national champion and three-time Nordic bronze medalist . She reached the free skate at three ISU Championships - the 1996 Junior Worlds in Brisbane , 1997 Junior Worlds in Seoul , and 1999 Europeans in Prague . She placed 33rd in her only appearance at the World Figure Skating Championships , in 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '29.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Ladies', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1997_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships_1', 'intro': "The 1997 World Junior Figure Skating Championships was a figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which younger figure skaters competed for the title of World Junior Champion. It was held from November 24 to December 1, 1996, in Seoul, South Korea. Due to the large number of participants, the men's and ladies' qualifying groups were split into groups A and B."} | null | null | What was the year of birth of the number 6 ranked competitor in the 1997 World Junior Figure Skating Championships ? | 1981 |
0bb6ec9f463f55f2 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party', 'title': 'European Conservatives and Reformists Party', 'header': ['Country', 'Political party', 'Party Leader', 'National Lower Houses', 'Government'], 'data': [{'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal Party ( LP )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia', 'summary': "The Liberal Party of Australia is a major centre-right political party in Australia , one of the two major parties in Australian politics , along with the centre-left Australian Labor Party ( ALP ) . It was founded in 1944 as the successor to the United Australia Party ( UAP ) . The Liberal Party is the largest and dominant party in the Coalition with the National Party of Australia . In two states and territories of Australia the parties have merged , forming the Country Liberal Party of the Northern Territory and the Liberal National Party of Queensland . Except for a few short periods , the Liberal Party and its predecessors have operated in similar coalitions since the 1920s . The party 's leader is Scott Morrison and its deputy leader is Josh Frydenberg . The pair were elected to their positions at the August 2018 Liberal leadership ballot , with Frydenberg and Morrison as replacements for Julie Bishop and Malcolm Turnbull respectively , the latter of whom Morrison consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia . Now the Morrison Government , the party had been elected at the 2013 federal election as the Abbott Government which took office on 18 September 2013 . At state and territory level , the Liberal Party is in office in three states : Peter Gutwein , Premier of Tasmania since 2020 , Gladys Berejiklian , Premier of New South Wales since 2017 and Steven Marshall , Premier of South Australia since 2018 . The party is in opposition in the states of Victoria , Queensland and Western Australia , and in both the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory . The party 's ideology has been referred to as conservative , liberal-conservative , conservative-liberal , and classical liberal . The Liberal Party tends to promote economic liberalism ( which in the Australian usage refers to free markets and small government ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Scott Morrison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Morrison', 'summary': 'Scott John Morrison ( born 13 May 1968 ) is an Australian politician who has been Prime Minister of Australia and leader of the Liberal Party since August 2018 . He previously served in Cabinet from 2013 to 2018 , including as Treasurer . Morrison was born in Sydney and studied economic geography at the University of New South Wales . He worked as director of the New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport from 1998 to 2000 and was managing director of Tourism Australia from 2004 to 2006 . Morrison was also state director of the New South Wales Liberal Party from 2000 to 2004 . He was later elected to the House of Representatives at the 2007 election , representing the Division of Cook in New South Wales . After the Coalition victory at the 2013 election , Morrison was appointed Minister for Immigration and Border Protection in the Abbott Government , in which capacity he was responsible for implementing Operation Sovereign Borders . In a reshuffle the following year , he became Minister for Social Services . He was later promoted to the role of Treasurer in September 2015 , after Malcolm Turnbull replaced Abbott as prime minister . In August 2018 , Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton unsuccessfully challenged Turnbull for the leadership of the Liberal Party . Leadership tension continued , and the party voted to hold a second leadership ballot on 24 August , with Turnbull choosing not to stand . In that ballot , Morrison defeated both Dutton and Foreign Minister Julie Bishop to become leader of the Liberal Party .'}]}, {'value': '61 / 151', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senior party in coalition', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Conservative Party Parti conservateur du Canada ( CPC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Conservative Party of Canada ( French : Parti conservateur du Canada ) , colloquially known as the Tories , is a federal political party in Canada . It was formed in 2003 from the multiple right-wing parties which had existed in Canada for over a century , historically grouped into two camps , Red Tories and Blue Tories . The party sits at the centre-right to the right-wing of the Canadian political spectrum , with the Liberal Party of Canada positioned centre to centre-left . Like their federal Liberal rivals , the party is defined as a big tent , welcoming a broad variety of members . The party 's leader is Andrew Scheer , who serves as Leader of the Official Opposition until his announcement of resignation on 12 December 2019 . From Confederation till 1942 , the original Conservative Party of Canada participated in numerous governments . Before 1942 , the predecessors to the Conservatives had multiple names , but by 1942 , the main right-wing Canadian force became known as the Progressive Conservatives . In 1957 , John Diefenbaker became the first Prime Minister from the Progressive Conservative Party , and remained in office until 1963 . Another Progressive Conservative government was elected after the results of the 1979 federal election , with Joe Clark becoming Prime Minister . Clark served from 1979 to 1980 , when he was defeated by the Liberal Party after the 1980 federal election . In 1984 , the Progressive Conservatives won with Brian Mulroney becoming Prime Minister . Mulroney was Prime Minister from 1984 to 1993 , and his government was marked by free trade agreements and economic liberalization ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Scheer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Scheer', 'summary': "Andrew James Scheer PC MP ( born 20 May 1979 ) is a Canadian politician who currently serves as the Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada and Leader of the Official Opposition since 2017 . Scheer has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for the riding of Regina - Qu'Appelle since 2004 . Elected to the riding of Regina - Qu'Appelle at the age of 25 , Scheer was re-elected in 2006 , 2008 , and 2011 before becoming the Speaker of the House of Commons at age 32 , making him the youngest Speaker in the chamber 's history . He held the speaker role for the entirety of the 41st Canadian Parliament . On 28 September 2016 , Scheer announced his bid for the leadership of the Conservative Party , running under the slogan of Real conservative . Real leader . Scheer has described himself as focused on economic development , fiscal restraint , and reducing inefficiencies in government . A staunch opponent of the federal carbon tax , he has stated that he would balance the federal budget within two years of forming a government and open up the airline industry to foreign competition . Scheer has been likened to former Prime Minister Stephen Harper . On 27 May 2017 , he was elected Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada . In the 2019 federal election , the Conservatives under Scheer remained the Official Opposition but won the popular vote and gained 22 more seats than in the 2015 election . On 12 December 2019 , Scheer announced he would be resigning as the leader of the Conservative Party effective upon the election of a new one ."}]}, {'value': '121 / 338', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Opposition', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colombia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colombia', 'summary': "Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ ( listen ) kə-LUM-bee-ə , /-ˈlɒm-/ -\u2060LOM- ; Spanish : [ koˈlombja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Colombia ( Spanish : República de Colombia ( help·info ) ) , [ Note 1 ] is a country largely situated in the north of South America , with land and territories in North America . Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea , the northwest by Panama , the south by both Ecuador and Peru , the east by Venezuela , the southeast by Brazil , and the west by the Pacific . It comprises thirty-two departments , with the capital in Bogotá . Colombia is ethnically and linguistically diverse , with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations , European settlement , forced African labor , and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East . Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast . Colombia has been inhabited by various American Indian peoples since at least 12,000 BCE , including the Muisca , Quimbaya , and the Tairona . Spaniards arrived in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region , establishing the New Kingdom of Granada , with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital . Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819 , but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved , with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada . The new sovereign state experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 , leading to Colombia 's present borders . Beginning in the 1960s , the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence , both of which escalated in the 1990s . Since 2005 , there has been significant improvement in security , stability , and rule of law ."}]}, {'value': 'Democratic Centre Centro Democrático ( CD )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Center_(Colombia)', 'summary': 'Democratic Centre ( identified electorally as Democratic Centre - Strong Hand , Big Heart ; Spanish : Centro Democrático - Mano firme , corazón grande ) is a conservative political party in Colombia founded in 2014 by Álvaro Uribe , former President of Colombia , former Vice President Francisco Santos Calderón and former Minister of Finance and Public Credit Óscar Iván Zuluaga . It is a self-described party of the centre , although in opinion groups it is often considered a right-wing party . Iván Duque , the current President of Colombia , is a member of the party .'}]}, {'value': 'Álvaro Uribe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Álvaro_Uribe', 'summary': "Álvaro Uribe Vélez ( born 4 July 1952 ) is a Colombian politician who served as the 31st President of Colombia from 7 August 2002 to 7 August 2010 . Uribe studied law . Álvaro Uribe focused his political career and became a member of the Colombian Liberal Party . In 1993 he attended Harvard University , receiving a Certificate of Special Studies in Administration and Management at Harvard Extension School and Certificate in Negotiation and Dispute Resolution at Harvard Law School . Between 1998 and 1999 , he studied at St Antony 's College , Oxford , England , on a Chevening-Simón Bolívar scholarship and was appointed Senior Associate Member at St Antony 's College . Uribe started his political career in his home department of Antioquia . He has held office in the Empresas Públicas de Medellín and in the Ministry of Labor and was the director of the Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics ( 1980-1982 ) . He was named Mayor of Medellín in October 1982 by Belisario Betancur . However , he was discharged of his function in February 1983 , five months after his appointment , by Président Betancur for his alleged collaboration with drug traffickers . He was Senator between 1986 and 1994 and finally Governor of Antioquia between 1995 and 1997 before he was elected President of Colombia in 2002 . Following his 2002 election , Uribe led successful campaigns against leftist guerilla groups the FARC and the ELN , as well as leading a successful effort in the demobilizing of the rightwing paramilitary group known as the AUC , all of which are part the Colombian Armed Conflict . On 13 January 2009 the United States awarded President Uribe the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his role in fighting along the US lead War on Terror in the Colombian Armed Conflict ."}]}, {'value': '32 / 172', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Government', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Israel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Israel', 'summary': "Israel , formally known as the State of Israel ( Hebrew : מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ) , is a country in Western Asia , located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel 's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state 's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition . [ fn 4 ] Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa . Canaanite tribes are archaeologically attested since the Middle Bronze Age , while the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age . The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE . Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian , Persian and Hellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces . The successful Maccabean Revolt led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom by 110 BCE , which in 63 BCE however became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE , and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea . Judea lasted as a Roman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction , the expulsion of the Jewish population and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina . Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries . In the 7th century CE , the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099 , followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187 ."}]}, {'value': 'Likud הליכוד', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Likud', 'summary': "Likud ( Hebrew : הַלִּיכּוּד , translit . HaLikud , lit. , The Consolidation ) , officially the Likud - National Liberal Movement , is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel . A secular party , it was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon in an alliance with several right-wing parties . Likud 's landslide victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country 's political history , marking the first time the left had lost power . In addition , it was the first time in Israel that a right-wing party won the plurality of the votes . However , after ruling the country for most of the 1980s , the party lost the Knesset election in 1992 . Nevertheless , Likud 's candidate Benjamin Netanyahu did win the vote for Prime Minister in 1996 and was given the task of forming a government after the 1996 elections . Netanyahu 's government fell apart after a vote of no confidence , which led to elections being called in 1999 and Likud losing power to the One Israel coalition led by Ehud Barak . In 2001 , Likud 's Ariel Sharon , who replaced Netanyahu following the 1999 election , defeated Barak in an election called by the Prime Minister following his resignation . After the party recorded a convincing win in the 2003 elections , Likud saw a major split in 2005 when Sharon left to form the Kadima party . This resulted in Likud slumping to fourth place in the 2006 elections and losing 28 seats in the Knesset . Following the 2009 elections , Likud was able to gain 15 seats , and , with Netanyahu back in control of the party , formed a coalition with fellow right-wing parties Yisrael Beiteinu and Shas to take control of the government from Kadima , which earned a plurality , but not a majority ."}]}, {'value': 'Benjamin Netanyahu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu', 'summary': "Benjamin Netanyahu ; born 21 October 1949 ) is an Israeli politician who has been Prime Minister of Israel since 2009 , having previously held the position from 1996 to 1999 . Netanyahu is also the Chairman of the Likud - National Liberal Movement . He is the longest-serving Prime Minister in Israeli history and the first to be born in Israel after the establishment of the state . Born in Tel Aviv to secular Jewish parents , Netanyahu was raised in both Jerusalem and the Philadelphia area of Pennsylvania , United States . He returned to Israel immediately upon graduating high school in 1967 to join the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Six-Day War . Netanyahu became a team leader in the Sayeret Matkal special forces unit and took part in many missions , including Operation Inferno ( 1968 ) , Operation Gift ( 1968 ) and Operation Isotope ( 1972 ) , during which he was shot in the shoulder . Netanyahu fought on the front lines in the War of Attrition and the Yom Kippur War in 1973 , taking part in special forces raids along the Suez Canal and then leading a commando assault deep into Syrian territory . Netanyahu achieved the rank of captain before being discharged . After graduating from MIT with a Bachelor of Science ( SB ) and a Master of Science ( SM ) , Netanyahu became an economic consultant for the Boston Consulting Group . He moved back to Israel in 1978 to found the Yonatan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute , named after his brother Yonatan Netanyahu , who died leading Operation Entebbe . In 1984 , Netanyahu was appointed the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations by Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir , a role he held until 1988 . He was subsequently elected to the Knesset before becoming the leader of Likud in 1993 ; he then led the party to victory at the 1996 election , becoming Israel 's youngest-ever prime minister ."}]}, {'value': '32 / 120', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Government', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jubilee Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jubilee_Party', 'summary': "The Jubilee Party of Kenya is the ruling political party of the Republic of Kenya . The party was founded on 8 September 2016 , following the merger of 11 smaller parties . During the 2017 election , the Jubilee Party secured a plurality of seats in Parliament and the party leader , Uhuru Kenyatta , was reelected president . Since January 2019 , the party 's stability has been threatened by growing infighting ."}]}, {'value': 'Uhuru Kenyatta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta', 'summary': "Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta ( born 26 October 1961 ) is a Kenyan politician , businessman , and the fourth and current President of the Republic of Kenya . He served as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Gatundu South from 2002 to 2013 . Currently , he is a member and the party leader of the Jubilee Party of Kenya . Uhuru was previously associated with the Kenya Africa National Union before joining The National Alliance , one of the allied parties that campaigned for his reelection during the 2017 general elections . He is the son of Jomo Kenyatta , Kenya 's first President , and his fourth wife Mama Ngina Kenyatta . Uhuru was re-elected for a second term in the August 2017 general election , winning 54% of the popular vote . The win was formally declared on national television by the Chairman of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission Wafula Chebukati . However , Uhuru 's election was successfully challenged in the Supreme Court of Kenya by his main competitor , Raila Odinga . On 1 September 2017 , the court declared the election invalid and ordered a new presidential election to take place within 60 days from the day of the ruling . A new presidential election was held on 26 October , which he won , with 39% participation due to voter fatigue , voter apathy and being boycotted by the opposition ."}]}, {'value': '171 / 349', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Government', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maldives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maldives', 'summary': "The Maldives ( /ˈmɔːldiːvs/ , US : /ˈmɔːldaɪvz/ ( listen ) ; Dhivehi : ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Dhivehi Raajje ) , officially the Republic of Maldives , is a small island nation in South Asia , located in the Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean . It lies southwest of Sri Lanka and India , about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) from the Asian continent . The chain of 26 atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to Addu Atoll in the south . Comprising a territory spanning roughly 298 square kilometres ( 115 sq mi ) , the Maldives is one of the world 's most geographically dispersed sovereign states as well as the smallest Asian country by land area and population , with around 515,696 inhabitants . Malé is the capital and the most populated city , traditionally called the King 's Island for its central location . The Maldives archipelago is located on the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge , a vast submarine mountain range in the Indian Ocean ; this also forms a terrestrial ecoregion , together with the Chagos Archipelago and Lakshadweep . With an average ground-level elevation of 1.5 metres ( 4 ft 11 in ) above sea level , it is the world 's lowest-lying country , with even its highest natural point being one of the lowest in the world , at 5.1 metres ( 17 ft ) . Islam was introduced to the Maldivian archipelago in the 12th century which was consolidated as a sultanate , developing strong commercial and cultural ties with Asia and Africa . From the mid-16th-century , the region came under the increasing influence of European colonial powers , with the Maldives becoming a British protectorate in 1887 . Independence from the United Kingdom was granted in 1965 and a presidential republic was established in 1968 with an elected People 's Majlis . The ensuing decades have been characterised by political instability , efforts at democratic reform , and environmental challenges posed by climate change . The Maldives is a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Party of Maldives ޕްރޮގްރެސިވް ޕާރޓީ އޮފް މޯލްޑިވްސް ( PPM )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Maldives', 'summary': 'The Progressive Party of Maldives ( Dhivehi : ޕްރޮގްރެސިވް ޕާރޓީ އޮފް މޯލްޑިވްސް ) , also known as the PPM , is the largest political party in Maldives with a total membership of 49,416 as of 30 June 2018 . The stated goal of the party is driving Maldives towards an independent and democratic , safe and secure , high income , high human capital , developed nation state with a diversified and robust economy whilst preserving its Islamic heritage .'}]}, {'value': 'Abdulla Yameen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdulla_Yameen', 'summary': 'Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom ( Dhivehi : އަބްދުﷲ ޔާމީން އަބްދުލް ގައްޔޫމް Arabic : عَبْدُ ٱللّٰه يَمِين عَبْدُ ٱلْقَيُوم ; born 21 May 1959 ) is a Maldivian politician who was the 6th President of the Maldives from 2013 to 2018 . He left office on 17 November 2018 following his defeat in the 2018 presidential election , in which he sought to win a second 5-year term . Yameen was elected president in the 2013 presidential election as the candidate of the Progressive Party ( PPM ) , defeating Maldivian Democratic Party ( MDP ) leader and former president Mohamed Nasheed in the second round of the re-run , after the initial election was annulled . He is the second democratically elected president of the Republic of the Maldives .'}]}, {'value': '5 / 87', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Opposition', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand', 'summary': "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ."}]}, {'value': 'National Party Rōpū Nāhinara ( National )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party', 'summary': "The New Zealand National Party ( Māori : Rōpū Nāhinara o Aotearoa ) , shortened to National ( Nāhinara ) or the Nats , is a centre-right political party in New Zealand . It is one of two major parties that dominate contemporary New Zealand politics , alongside its traditional rival , the New Zealand Labour Party . National was formed in 1936 through amalgamation of conservative and liberal parties , Reform and United respectively , and is New Zealand 's second-oldest extant political party . National 's predecessors had previously formed a coalition against the growing labour movement . National governed for five periods during the 20th and 21st centuries , and has spent more time in government than any other party . After the 1949 general election , Sidney Holland became the first prime minister from the National Party , and remained in office until 1957 . He was succeeded by Keith Holyoake , who was soon defeated at a general election by the Labour Party in 1957 . Holyoake was in office for a second period from 1960 to 1972 . The party 's platform shifted from moderate economic liberalism to increased emphasis on state interventionism during Robert Muldoon 's National government from 1975 to 1984 . In 1990 , Jim Bolger formed another National government , which continued the radical free-market reforms initiated by the preceding Labour government . The party has since advocated free enterprise , reduction of taxes and limited state regulation . Following the first MMP election in 1996 , the National Party governed in a coalition with the populist New Zealand First ."}]}, {'value': 'Simon Bridges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simon_Bridges', 'summary': 'Simon Joseph Bridges ( born 12 October 1976 ) is a New Zealand politician and lawyer serving as Leader of the National Party and Leader of the Opposition since 2018 . He has been the Member of Parliament for Tauranga since the 2008 election . A self-described compassionate conservative , Bridges has served in several Cabinet portfolios , including those of Minister of Transport ( 2014-2017 ) and Minister of Economic Development ( 2016-2017 ) . He took the role of Leader of the House from May to October 2017 . He is the first person with Māori ancestry to serve as Leader of the National Party .'}]}, {'value': '55 / 120', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Opposition', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tanzania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tanzania', 'summary': "Tanzania ( /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ , [ note 2 ] Swahili : [ tanzaˈni.a ] ) , officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ) , is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region . It borders Uganda to the north ; Kenya to the northeast ; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east ; Mozambique and Malawi to the south ; Zambia to the southwest ; and Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west . Mount Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania , such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils . The genus Australopithecus ranged all over Africa 4 to 2 million years ago ; and the oldest remains of the genus Homo are found near Lake Olduvai . Following the rise of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago , humanity spread all over the Old World , and later in the New World and Australia under the species Homo sapiens . Homo sapiens also overtook Africa and absorbed the older archaic species and subspecies of humanity . One of the oldest known ethnic groups still existing , the Hadzabe , appears to have originated in Tanzania , and their oral history recalls ancestors who were tall and were the first to use fire , medicine , and lived in caves , much like Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis who lived in the same region before them . Later in the Stone and Bronze Age , prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia ; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago ; and the Southern Nilotes , including the Datoog , who originated from the present-day South Sudan-Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago . : page 18 These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas . They subsequently migrated across the rest of Tanzania between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago . German rule began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'Chadema - Party for Democracy and Progress Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo ( CHADEMA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chadema', 'summary': 'Chadema is a center-right political party in Tanzania . It campaigns largely on an anti-corruption platform . The name is short for Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo , Swahili for Party for Democracy and Progress .'}]}, {'value': 'Freeman Mbowe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Freeman_Mbowe', 'summary': "Freeman Aikaeli Mbowe ( born 9 December 1961 ) is a [ [ Tanzanian ] politician and the current nominated chairman of the Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo ( CHADEMA - Political Party for Democracy and Development ) . He was elected to continue as a National Assembly member representing the Hai District in the Kilimanjaro Region as per the 2015 general election . Mbowe was elected to the National Assembly in 2000 representing Hai Constituency ( Kilimanjaro Region ) . He won 64.5% of the vote , which was the highest percentage of votes won among constituencies with opposition MP 's . In preparation for the 2005 elections , Mbowe was nominated to represent CHADEMA as their presidential candidate for the 2005 presidential elections . Jumbe Rajab Jumbe , a Zanzibari was chosen as his vice-presidential candidate . The election was originally scheduled for 30 October 2005 , but was postponed until 14 December due to the death of Jumbe . Mbowe constructively criticized the lengthy postponement , saying a week 's delay would have sufficed and that his political party can not afford to finance extra campaigns . Chadema eventually settled on Ms. Anna Maulidah Komu to be the running political party executive . He placed third out of ten candidates in the presidential election of 14 December 2005 , winning 5.88% of the vote . Although there are rumours that many of the votes in that election were stolen by the ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi ( CCM ) going to their presidential candidate , Jakaya Kikwete . In the 2010 general elections , he was elected as a member of parliament for The united republic of Tanzania parliament after winning against the experienced candidate the incumbent from Mapinduzi , fuya kimbita taking 51.63% of the vote ."}]}, {'value': '63 / 293', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Opposition', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tunisia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tunisia', 'summary': "Tunisia [ a ] , officially the Republic of Tunisia [ b ] , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa , covering 163,610 square kilometres ( 63,170 square miles ) . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is also the northernmost point on the African continent . Tunisia is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . Tunisia 's population was 11.5 million in 2017 . Tunisia 's name is derived from its capital city , Tunis ( Berber native name : Tunest ) , which is located on its northeast coast . Geographically , Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains , and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert . Much of the rest of the country 's land is fertile soil . Its 1,300 kilometres ( 810 miles ) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and , by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel , feature the African mainland 's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar . Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic . It is considered to be the only fully democratic sovereign state in the Arab world . It has a high human development index . It has an association agreement with the European Union ; is a member of La Francophonie , the Union for the Mediterranean , the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Arab League , the OIC , the Greater Arab Free Trade Area , the Community of Sahel-Saharan States , the African Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 ; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Afek Tounes آفاق تونس', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Afek_Tounes', 'summary': 'Afek Tounes ( Arabic : آفاق تونس , Tunisian Aspiration ( s ) or Horizons of Tunisia ) is a centre-right political party in Tunisia . Its program is liberal , focusing on secularism and civil liberties . The party mainly appealed to intellectuals and the upper class . Moncef Marzouki accused the party of having ties to the now banned Constitutional Democratic Rally . The party took offense to his statements and considered his accusation to be inappropriate and , according to Al Maghreb , sued him for deficiency of professional ethics . Afek Tounes won 4 seats for the constitutive assembly . The party was rattled on 3 November 2011 though by the resignation of several key founding members such as its spokesperson Emna Mnif , its general secretary Mustapha Mezghani , Sami Zaoui , Hela Hababou and another 13 members . After underperforming in the 2011 Constituent Assembly election , Afek Tounes joined talks with other secularist and liberal parties , especially the Progressive Democratic Party to form a big party of the centre . The merger was completed on 9 April 2012 . The new party is called the Republican Party . In August 2013 , Yassine Brahim and other former party members left the Republican Party to revive Afek Tounes .'}]}, {'value': 'Yassine Brahim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yassine_Brahim', 'summary': 'Yassine Brahim ( Arabic : ياسين إبراهيم ; born 20 February 1966 in Mahdia , Tunisia ) is a Tunisian engineer , manager and politician . Leader of the secular liberal Afek Tounes party , he was appointed Minister of Development , Investment and International Cooperation in February 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '2 / 217', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Opposition', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Republican Party ( GOP )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)', 'summary': "The Republican Party , also referred to as the GOP ( Grand Old Party ) , is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States ; the other is its historic rival , the Democratic Party . The GOP was founded in 1854 by opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act , which allowed for the potential expansion of slavery into certain U.S. territories . The party supported classical liberalism , opposed the expansion of slavery , and supported economic reform . Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president . Under the leadership of Lincoln and a Republican Congress , slavery was banned in the United States in 1865 . The Party was generally dominant during the Third Party System and the Fourth Party System . After 1912 , the Party underwent an ideological shift to the right . Following the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , the party 's core base shifted , with Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics . The party 's 21st-century base of support includes people living in rural areas , men , people without college degrees , the elderly , white Americans , and evangelical Christians . The 21st-century Republican Party ideology is American conservatism , which incorporates both economic policies and social values . The GOP supports lower taxes , free market capitalism , restrictions on immigration , increased military spending , gun rights , restrictions on abortion , deregulation and restrictions on labor unions . After the Supreme Court 's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade , the Republican Party opposed abortion in its party platform and grew its support among evangelicals ."}]}, {'value': 'Donald Trump', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donald_Trump', 'summary': "Donald John Trump ( born June 14 , 1946 ) is the 45th and current president of the United States . Before entering politics , he was a businessman and television personality . Trump was born and raised in Queens , a borough of New York City , and received a bachelor 's degree in economics from the Wharton School . He took charge of his family 's real-estate business in 1971 , renamed it The Trump Organization , and expanded its operations from Queens and Brooklyn into Manhattan . The company built or renovated skyscrapers , hotels , casinos , and golf courses . Trump later started various side ventures , mostly by licensing his name . He owned the Miss Universe and Miss USA beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015 and produced and hosted The Apprentice , a reality television show , from 2003 to 2015 . As of 2019 [ update ] , Forbes estimated his net worth to be $ 3.1 billion . [ a ] Trump entered the 2016 presidential race as a Republican and defeated 16 other candidates in the primaries . His political positions have been described as populist , protectionist , and nationalist . Despite not being favored in most forecasts , he was elected over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton , although he lost the popular vote . He became the oldest first-term U.S. president , [ b ] and the first without prior military or government service ."}]}, {'value': '197 / 435', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Majority in Senate , holds Presidency , minority in House of Representatives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Senate', 'summary': 'The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress , which , along with the United States House of Representatives - the lower chamber - constitutes the legislature of the United States . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol Building , in Washington , D.C . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators , each of whom represents a single state in its entirety . Each state , regardless of its population size , is equally represented by two senators who serve staggered terms of six years . There being at present 50 states in the Union , there are currently 100 senators . From 1789 to 1913 , senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; they are now elected by popular vote , following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 . As the upper chamber of Congress , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it . These include the approval of treaties , and the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , other federal executive officials and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for vice president , the duty falls to the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . Furthermore , the Senate has the responsibility of conducting the trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The United States House of Representatives is the lower house of the United States Congress , the Senate being the upper house . Together they compose the national legislature of the United States . The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census , with each district entitled to one representative . Since its inception in 1789 , all representatives have been directly elected . The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435 . As of the 2010 Census , the largest delegation is that of California , with fifty-three representatives . Seven states have only one representative : Alaska , Delaware , Montana , North Dakota , South Dakota , Vermont , and Wyoming . The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation , known as bills , which , after concurrence by the Senate , are sent to the president for consideration . In addition to this basic power , the House has certain exclusive powers , among them the power to initiate all bills related to revenue ; the impeachment of federal officers , who are sent to trial before the Senate ; and , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for president , the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office , with one vote given to each state for that purpose . The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol . The presiding officer is the speaker of the House , who is elected by the members thereof ( and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party ) .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Members -- Regional partners', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Alliance_of_European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_1', 'intro': "The European Conservatives and Reformists Party (ECR Party), formerly known as Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR) (2009-2016) and Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE) (2016-2019), is a conservative Eurosceptic European political party with a main focus on reforming the European Union (EU) on the basis of Eurorealism, as opposed to total rejection of the EU (anti-EU-ism). It currently has twenty-four member parties and three further independent members from twenty-one countries, in addition to seven regional partners worldwide. The political movement was founded on 1 October 2009, after the creation of the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) political group of the European Parliament. It was officially recognised by the European Parliament in January 2010. ACRE is governed by a board of directors who are elected by the Council, which represents all ACRE member parties. The ACRE's President is Jan Zahradil MEP, and its Secretary-General is Daniel Hannan MEP. The Vice-Presidents are Guðlaugur Þór Þórðarson MP from Iceland, Anna Fotyga MEP from Poland, Geoffrey Clifton-Brown MP from the United Kingdom and Zafer Sırakaya from Turkey. The party is affiliated with the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the European Parliament, the pan-European think tank New Direction - The Foundation for European Reform, and the youth organisation the European Young Conservatives. It is also formally associated with the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the Committee of the Regions, in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, in the Congress of the Council of Europe, and in the NATO Parliamentary Assembly."} | null | null | Who is the leader of the party that was formed in 1936 through amalgamation of conservative and liberal parties ? | Simon Bridges |
0bb8ec6dd3a79243 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live!_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_24)', 'title': 'Live! with Regis and Kelly (season 24)', 'header': ['Date', 'Co-Hosts', 'Guests/Segments'], 'data': [{'value': 'September 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Hank Azaria , Kevin Connolly and Real Housewives of Beverly Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hank_Azaria', 'summary': "Henry Albert Azaria ( /əˈzɛəriə/ ə-ZAIR-ee-ə ; born April 25 , 1964 ) is an American actor , voice actor , singer , comedian and producer . He is known for his voice characterizations as a variety of characters in the animated sitcom The Simpsons ( 1989-present ) , which has included Moe Szyslak , Apu Nahasapeemapetilon , Chief Wiggum , Comic Book Guy , Carl Carlson and others . After attending Tufts University , he joined the series with little voice acting experience , but became a regular in its second season , with many of his performances on the show being based on famous actors and characters . In addition to his work on The Simpsons , Azaria became more widely known for his live-action appearances in feature films such as The Birdcage ( 1996 ) , Godzilla ( 1998 ) , Mystery Men ( 1999 ) , America 's Sweethearts ( 2001 ) , Shattered Glass ( 2003 ) , Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) , Run Fatboy Run ( 2007 ) , Night at the Museum : Battle of the Smithsonian ( 2009 ) and The Smurfs ( 2011 ) . Since 2017 , he has starred as the title character in Brockmire . Azaria had recurring roles on the television series Mad About You and Friends , as the titular character in the drama Huff ( 2004-2006 ) and appeared in the popular stage musical Spamalot . Originally known as a comedic actor , he has also taken on more dramatic roles , including the TV films Tuesdays With Morrie ( 1999 ) and Uprising ( 2001 ) . He has won six Emmys and a Screen Actors Guild Award . He was married to actress Helen Hunt from 1999 to 2000 and has been married to actress Katie Wright since 2007 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Connolly_(actor)', 'summary': 'Kevin Connolly ( born March 5 , 1974 ) is an American actor and director . He is best known for his role as Eric Murphy in the HBO series Entourage , and his role as the eldest son Ryan Malloy in the 1990s television sitcom Unhappily Ever After . Connolly is also a director , having directed many episodes of television as well as the films Gardener of Eden , Dear Eleanor and Gotti .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Real_Housewives_of_Beverly_Hills', 'summary': 'The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills ( abbreviated RHOBH ) is an American reality television series that premiered on October 14 , 2010 on Bravo . Developed as the sixth installment of The Real Housewives franchise , it has aired nine seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several women residing in Beverly Hills , California . The current cast consists of Kyle Richards , Lisa Rinna , Erika Girardi , Dorit Kemsley , Teddi Mellencamp Arroyave , Denise Richards , Garcelle Beauvais and Sutton Stracke , with Camille Grammer serving as a friend of the housewives . Previous cast members include original cast members Taylor Armstrong , Adrienne Maloof , Kim Richards , and Lisa Vanderpump ; and later additions Brandi Glanville , Yolanda Hadid , Carlton Gebbia , Joyce Giraud de Ohoven , Eileen Davidson and Kathryn Edwards . The success of the show has resulted in the conception of the spin-off Vanderpump Rules .'}]}, {'value': 'September 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Stephen Moyer and Rachel Zoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Moyer', 'summary': "Stephen Moyer ( born Stephen John Emery ; 11 October 1969 ) is an English film and television actor and director who is best known as vampire Bill Compton in the HBO series True Blood . He was born in Brentwood , Essex and attended St Martin 's , a comprehensive school in Hutton , Essex . His first television role was in 1993 as Philip Masefield in the TV adaptation of the play Conjugal Rites , written by actor/playwright Roger Hall . This was followed by the television film Lord of Misrule , filmed in Fowey , Cornwall , which also featured Richard Wilson , Emily Mortimer and Prunella Scales . In 1997 , Moyer made his big-screen debut landing the lead role in the film adaptation of the long-running comic strip Prince Valiant by Hal Foster , working alongside Ron Perlman and Katherine Heigl . From 2 October 2017 , he starred as Reed Strucker , the lead role in Fox series The Gifted . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Rachel_Zoe', 'summary': 'Rachel Zoe Rosenzweig ( born September 1 , 1971 ) is an American fashion designer , businesswoman , and writer . She has been involved in the fashion industry for nearly two decades . From 2008 until 2013 , Zoe starred in the Bravo reality television series The Rachel Zoe Project .'}]}, {'value': 'September 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Matt Damon and La La and Carmello Anthony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Damon', 'summary': "Matthew Paige Damon ( /ˈdeɪmən/ ; born October 8 , 1970 ) is an American actor , film producer and screenwriter . He is ranked among Forbes magazine 's most bankable stars and is one of the highest-grossing actors of all time . [ nb 1 ] Damon has received various accolades , including an Academy Award from five nominations , two Golden Globe Awards from eight nominations , and has been nominated for three British Academy Film Awards and seven Emmy Awards . Born and raised in Cambridge , Massachusetts , Damon began his acting career by appearing in high school theater productions . He made his professional acting debut in the film Mystic Pizza ( 1988 ) . He came to prominence in 1997 , when he wrote and starred in Good Will Hunting , alongside Ben Affleck , which won them the Academy and Golden Globe awards for Best Screenplay and earned Damon a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . He continued to garner praise from critics for his roles as the eponymous character in Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) , the antihero in The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , a fallen angel in Dogma ( 1999 ) and Jay and Silent Bob Reboot ( 2019 ) , an energy analyst in Syriana ( 2005 ) , and a corrupt Irish-American police officer in The Departed ( 2006 ) . In 2019 he starred as race car driver and designer Carroll Shelby in James Mangold 's Ford v Ferrari . Damon is also known for his starring roles as Jason Bourne in the Bourne franchise ( 2002-2016 ) and as a con man in the Ocean 's trilogy ( 2001-2007 ) . For his supporting role as the rugby player Francois Pienaar in Invictus ( 2009 ) and his leading role as an astronaut stranded on Mars in The Martian ( 2015 ) , Damon received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor , respectively . The latter also won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . Damon has received Emmy Award nominations for his portrayal of Scott Thorson in the biopic Behind the Candelabra ( 2013 ) and for producing the reality series Project Greenlight ."}, {'url': '/wiki/La_La_Anthony', 'summary': "Alani Nicole La La Anthony ( née Vázquez born June 25 1979 ) is an American television personality , New York Times best-selling author , businesswoman , producer and actress . In the early 2000s , La La came to prominence as an MTV VJ on Total Request Live . She was the host of the VH1 reality television reunion shows Flavor of Love , I Love New York , For the Love of Ray J , and Real Chance of Love , and was a dean on Charm School with Ricki Lake . Anthony ventured into acting ; her subsequent film roles include Two Can Play That Game ( 2001 ) , You Got Served ( 2004 ) , Think Like a Man ( 2012 ) , Think Like a Man 2 ( 2014 ) , November Rule ( 2015 ) and Destined ( 2015 ) . After guest roles in several television shows , Anthony starred as Lakeisha Grant in the Starz original drama series Power . Anthony has also starred in the American reality television series La La 's Full Court Wedding and La La 's Full Court Life . She married NBA player Carmelo Anthony in 2010 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carmello_Anthony', 'summary': "Carmelo Kyam Anthony ( born May 29 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He has been named an NBA All-Star ten times and an All-NBA Team member six times . He played college basketball for the Syracuse Orange , winning a national championship as a freshman in 2003 while being named the NCAA Tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . After one season at Syracuse , Anthony entered the 2003 NBA draft and was selected with the third overall pick by the Denver Nuggets . While playing for Denver , he led the Nuggets to the playoffs every year from 2004 to 2010 ; the team won two division titles in that span . In 2009 , Anthony led the Nuggets to their first Conference Finals appearance since 1985 . In 2011 , he was traded from Denver to the New York Knicks days before the NBA trade deadline . In a January 24 , 2014 game against the Charlotte Bobcats , Anthony scored a career-high 62 points , setting a Knicks ' single-game scoring record and a Madison Square Garden single-game scoring record . Anthony was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder , where he played one season before signing with the Rockets . Anthony has played in the Olympics for the US national team a record four times , winning a bronze medal with the 2004 squad and gold medals on the 2008 , 2012 , and 2016 Olympic teams . As of April 2016 , he was the US Olympic team 's all-time leader in points , rebounds , and games played ."}]}, {'value': 'September 8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Salma Hayek and Joe Jonas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salma_Hayek', 'summary': "Salma Hayek Pinault ( /ˈhaɪɛk/ , Spanish : [ ˈsalma ˈxaʝek ] ; born Salma Valgarma Hayek Jiménez ; September 2 , 1966 ) is a Mexican and American film actress and producer . She began her career in Mexico starring in the telenovela Teresa and starred in the film El Callejón de los Milagros ( Miracle Alley ) for which she was nominated for an Ariel Award . In 1991 , Hayek moved to Hollywood and came to prominence with roles in films such as Desperado ( 1995 ) , From Dusk till Dawn ( 1996 ) , Wild Wild West , and Dogma ( both 1999 ) . Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 film Frida , as Mexican painter Frida Kahlo , for which she was nominated for Best Actress for the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Golden Globe Award , and Screen Actors Guild Award , and which she also produced . This movie received widespread attention and was a critical and commercial success . She won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing in a Children/Youth/Family Special for The Maldonado Miracle in 2004 , and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series after guest-starring in the ABC television comedy-drama Ugly Betty in 2007 . She also guest-starred on the NBC comedy series 30 Rock from 2009 to 2013 . In 2017 , she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for her role in Beatriz at Dinner . Hayek 's recent films include Grown Ups ( 2010 ) , Puss in Boots ( 2011 ) , Grown Ups 2 ( 2013 ) , Tale of Tales ( 2015 ) , The Hitman 's Bodyguard ( 2017 ) and Like a Boss ( 2020 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Jonas', 'summary': "Joseph Adam Jonas ( born August 15 , 1989 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and actor . He rose to fame as a member of the pop rock band the Jonas Brothers , alongside his brothers Kevin and Nick . The group released their debut studio album It 's About Time through the Columbia label in 2006 , which failed to achieve commercial success . After signing with Hollywood Records , the group released their self-titled second studio album in 2007 , which became their breakthrough record . The band became prominent figures on the Disney Channel during this time , gaining a large following through the network : they appeared in the widely successful musical television film Camp Rock ( 2008 ) and its sequel Camp Rock 2 : The Final Jam ( 2010 ) as well as two of their own series , Jonas Brothers : Living the Dream ( 2008-2010 ) and Jonas ( 2009-2010 ) . The band 's third studio album , A Little Bit Longer ( 2008 ) , saw continued commercial success for the group ; the album 's lead single Burnin ' Up hit the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . Their fourth studio album , while still successful on the Billboard 200 chart , saw a decline in record sales . After the group confirmed a hiatus , Joe released his debut solo studio album , Fastlife ( 2011 ) , which saw moderate commercial success . After the Jonas Brothers officially parted ways due to creative differences , Jonas formed the funk-pop band DNCE in 2015 , serving as the lead vocalist . The group saw the significant commercial success of their debut single Cake by the Ocean , which peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'September 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Seth Meyers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Seth_Meyers', 'summary': "Seth Adam Meyers ( born December 28 , 1973 ) is an American comedian , writer , producer , actor , and television host . He hosts Late Night with Seth Meyers , a late-night talk show that airs on NBC . Prior to that , he was a cast member and head writer for NBC 's Saturday Night Live ( 2001-2014 ) and hosted the show 's news parody segment , Weekend Update ."}]}, {'value': 'Lauren Graham , Kara DioGuardi and Swamp Brothers Stephen and Robbie Keszey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lauren_Graham', 'summary': "Lauren Helen Graham ( born March 16 , 1967 ) is an American actress and author . She is best known for her roles as Lorelai Gilmore on the television series Gilmore Girls ( 2000-2007 and 2016 ) , for which she received nominations for Screen Actors Guild , Golden Globe and Satellite Awards , and as Sarah Braverman on the NBC television drama Parenthood ( 2010-2015 ) . Graham 's film work includes roles in Sweet November ( 2001 ) , Bad Santa ( 2003 ) , The Pacifier ( 2005 ) , Because I Said So ( 2007 ) , and Evan Almighty ( 2007 ) . She published her debut novel with Ballantine Books in 2013 , Someday , Someday , Maybe . In 2016 , Graham reprised her role as Lorelai Gilmore on Netflix 's reunion miniseries Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life and published a memoir , Talking as Fast as I Can ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kara_DioGuardi', 'summary': 'Kara Elizabeth DioGuardi ( /ˈkærə diːoʊˈɡwɑːrdi/ ; born December 9 , 1970 ) is an American songwriter , record producer , music publisher , A & R executive , singer , composer and television personality . She writes music primarily in the pop rock genre . DioGuardi has worked with many popular artists ; sales of albums on which her songs appear exceed 160 million worldwide . DioGuardi is a Grammy and Emmy-nominated writer . She is a 2011 NAMM Music For Life Award winner , 2009 NMPA Songwriter Icon Award winner , 2007 BMI Pop Songwriter of the Year , and has received 20 BMI Awards for co-writing the most performed songs on the radio . DioGuardi served as a judge on American Idol for its eighth and ninth seasons . In 2008 , she was appointed to the position of executive vice president of talent development at Warner Bros. Records , and has signed acts such as Jason Derulo and Iyaz . In 2011 , she was a head judge on the Bravo singer-songwriter competition series Platinum Hit .'}]}, {'value': 'September 12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Greg Kinnear , Paul Wesley , Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Kinnear', 'summary': "Gregory Buck Kinnear ( born June 17 , 1963 ) is an American actor , producer and television personality . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) . Kinnear has appeared in many popular films , including Sabrina ( 1995 ) , You 've Got Mail ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , Someone like You ( 2001 ) , We Were Soldiers , Auto Focus ( both 2002 ) , Stuck on You ( 2003 ) , Robots ( 2005 ) , Little Miss Sunshine , Invincible ( both 2006 ) , Green Zone , The Last Song ( both 2010 ) , Heaven Is for Real ( 2014 ) , and television roles , such as Friends , Talk Soup , The Kennedys , Modern Family , House of Cards , and Rake ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Paul_Wesley', 'summary': "Paweł Tomasz Wasilewski ( Polish : [ 'pavɛw vaɕi'lɛfskʲi ] ; born July 23 , 1982 ) , known professionally as Paul Wesley and formerly as Paul Wasilewski , is an American actor , director , and producer . He is perhaps best known for his multiple roles on the drama series The Vampire Diaries as well as his multiple roles on the anthology series Tell Me a Story ."}]}, {'value': 'September 13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Sarah Michelle Gellar , Diane Sawyer , Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar', 'summary': 'Sarah Michelle Prinze ( née Gellar ; born April 14 , 1977 ) is an American actress , producer and entrepreneur . After being spotted by an agent at the age of four in New York City , she made her acting debut in the made-for-television film An Invasion of Privacy ( 1983 ) . Her television breakthrough came in 1993 , when she originated the role of Kendall Hart on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children , winning the 1995 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series . Gellar received widespread recognition for her portrayal of Buffy Summers on the WB series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997-2003 ) , which earned her five Teen Choice Awards and a Golden Globe Award nomination , and became recognized as one of the greatest female characters in U.S. television . Her most successful films at the box office are I Know What You Did Last Summer ( 1997 ) , Scream 2 ( 1997 ) , Cruel Intentions ( 1999 ) , Scooby-Doo ( 2002 ) , Scooby-Doo 2 : Monsters Unleashed ( 2004 ) , and The Grudge ( 2004 ) . She headlined the television series Ringer ( 2011-2012 ) and The Crazy Ones ( 2013-2014 ) . In 2015 , Gellar , along with Galit Laibow and Greg Fleishman , founded Foodstirs , a food crafting brand and e-commerce startup selling baking kits , and in 2017 , she released her cookbook Stirring Up Fun with Food .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diane_Sawyer', 'summary': "Lila Diane Sawyer ( /ˈsɔːjər/ ; born December 22 , 1945 ) is an American television journalist . Sawyer has been the anchor of ABC News 's nightly flagship program ABC World News , a co-anchor of ABC News 's morning news program Good Morning America and Primetime newsmagazine . Early in her career , she was a member of U.S. President Richard Nixon 's White House staff and closely associated with the president himself ."}]}, {'value': 'September 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Pierce Brosnan , Meredith Vieira , Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierce_Brosnan', 'summary': "Pierce Brendan Brosnan OBE ( /ˈbrɒsnən/ ; born 16 May 1953 ) is an Irish-American actor , film producer , activist , and environmentalist . Born in Ireland , Brosnan became a naturalised American citizen . After leaving comprehensive school at age 16 , Brosnan began training in commercial illustration , then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years . Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele ( 1982-1987 ) , which blended the genres of romantic comedy , drama , and detective procedural . After the conclusion of Remington Steele , Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol ( 1987 ) and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) . In 1994 , Brosnan became the fifth actor to play the secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series , starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 ( GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day ) . He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games GoldenEye 007 , The World Is Not Enough , James Bond 007 : Nightfire and James Bond 007 : Everything or Nothing , providing his voice for the latter . During this period , he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante 's Peak ( 1997 ) and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1999 ) . Since leaving the role of Bond , he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia ! ( 2008 ) , the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer ( 2010 ) and the action spy thriller The November Man ( 2014 ) . In 1996 , along with Beau St. Clair , Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime , a Los Angeles-based production company . In later years , he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Meredith_Vieira', 'summary': 'Meredith Louise Vieira ( born December 30 , 1953 ) is an American broadcast journalist and television personality . She is best known as the original moderator of the daytime talk show The View ( 1997-2006 ) , the original host of the syndicated version of the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ( 2002-2013 ) , and as co-host of the NBC morning news program Today ( 2006-2011 ) . Vieira has also been a contributor to Dateline NBC , Rock Center with Brian Williams , and NBC Nightly News , and hosted the Lifetime television series Intimate Portrait ( 1994-2005 ) . From 2014 to 2016 , she hosted her own syndicated daytime talk show , The Meredith Vieira Show .'}]}, {'value': 'September 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Zooey Deschanel , Tim Gunn , Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zooey_Deschanel', 'summary': "Zooey Claire Deschanel ( /ˈzoʊi ˌdeɪʃəˈnɛl/ ; born January 17 , 1980 ) is an American actress , model , and singer-songwriter . She made her film debut in Mumford ( 1999 ) and next obtained a supporting role in Cameron Crowe 's film Almost Famous ( 2000 ) . Deschanel is known for her deadpan roles in comedy films such as The Good Girl ( 2002 ) , The New Guy ( 2002 ) , Elf ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Failure to Launch ( 2006 ) , Yes Man ( 2008 ) and 500 Days of Summer ( 2009 ) . She has ventured into more dramatic territory with Manic ( 2001 ) , All the Real Girls ( 2003 ) , Winter Passing ( 2005 ) , and Bridge to Terabithia ( 2007 ) . From 2011 to 2018 , she played Jessica Day on the Fox sitcom New Girl , for which she received an Emmy Award nomination and three Golden Globe Award nominations . For a few years starting in 2001 , Deschanel performed in the jazz cabaret act If All the Stars Were Pretty Babies with actress Samantha Shelton . In 2006 , Deschanel teamed up with M. Ward to form She & Him , and subsequently released their debut album , Volume One , in 2008 . They have since released five albums : Volume Two , in 2010 , A Very She & Him Christmas in 2011 , Volume 3 in 2013 , Classics in 2014 , and Christmas Party in 2016 . She received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Song Written for Visual Media for So Long , which was featured in the 2011 film Winnie the Pooh soundtrack . Besides singing , she plays keyboards , percussion , banjo , and ukulele . Deschanel is also a co-founder of the female-focused website HelloGiggles , which was acquired by Time , Inc. in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tim_Gunn', 'summary': "Timothy MacKenzie Gunn ( born July 29 , 1953 ) is an American fashion consultant , television personality , actor , voice actor and author . He served on the faculty of Parsons The New School for Design from 1982 to 2007 and was chair of fashion design at the school from August 2000 to March 2007 , after which he joined Liz Claiborne as its chief creative officer . Over 16 seasons Gunn has become well known as the on-air mentor to designers on the reality television program Project Runway . Gunn 's popularity on Project Runway led to two spin-off shows , Bravo 's Tim Gunn 's Guide to Style and Lifetime 's Under the Gunn , as well as five books . In addition to being an executive producer , Gunn has served as mentor for the teen designers on Project Runway : Junior . He also provides the voice of Baileywick , the castle steward in the Disney Junior television show Sofia the First and narrated the sitcom Mixology ."}]}, {'value': 'September 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Andy Cohen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andy_Cohen_(television_personality)', 'summary': "Andrew Joseph Cohen ( born June 2 , 1968 ) is an American radio and television talk show host , producer , and writer . He is the host and executive producer of the Bravo 's late night talk show , Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen . Cohen also has a pop culture channel on SiriusXM Radio named Radio Andy . He hosts a two-hour live show with co-host John Hill twice a week . Cohen served as Bravo 's Executive Vice President of Development and Talent until 2013 . He was responsible for creating original content , developing innovative formats , and identifying new talent . Cohen also served as Executive Producer on Emmy and James Beard award-winning reality cooking competition television show , Top Chef . He continues to serve as an executive producer of the Real Housewives franchise , host of Watch What Happens Live on Bravo , host of Andy Cohen Live on SiriusXM channel 102 , and hosted the revival of the television dating show , Love Connection ."}]}, {'value': 'James Marsden , Gavin Degraw , Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Marsden', 'summary': "James Paul Marsden ( born September 18 , 1973 ) is an American actor , singer , and former model . Marsden began his acting career guest-starring in television shows Saved by the Bell : The New Class , Touched by an Angel , and Party of Five . He gained prominence with his portrayal of Scott Summers / Cyclops in the X-Men film series and starred in 2006 's Superman Returns . In 2016 and 2018 , Marsden starred as gunslinger/sentient android Teddy Flood in the HBO science fiction series Westworld , as part of the main ensemble . Following his breakthrough in comic book films , Marsden went on to star in various genre films including 2007 's Hairspray which was a critical and commercial success and won many awards for its ensemble cast . As Corny Collins , he sang two songs for the film 's soundtrack which has been certified Platinum by the RIAA . He has had starring roles in family-friendly films such as Enchanted and Hop and leading man roles in 27 Dresses and The Best of Me . Marsden later starred in a range of independent films such as Small Apartments , Bachelorette , and Robot & Frank . He also returned to television guest-starring in Modern Family and playing Liz Lemon 's love interest , Criss Chros in 30 Rock in a supporting role . Marsden then portrayed President John F. Kennedy in Lee Daniels 's The Butler and had a supporting role in Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues . Marsden played Tom Wachowski in the Sonic The Hedgehog film ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gavin_Degraw', 'summary': "Gavin Shane DeGraw ( born February 4 , 1977 ) is an American singer-songwriter . He rose to fame with the single I Do n't Want to Be from his debut album Chariot ( 2003 ) ; the song became the theme song for the television drama series One Tree Hill . Other notable singles from his debut album Chariot and Follow Through . His second album , Gavin DeGraw , was released in 2008 and included the top-20 single In Love with a Girl . In 2009 , DeGraw released his third album , Free . His fourth album , Sweeter ( 2011 ) , spawned the hit single Not Over You along with Soldier and Sweeter . In 2013 , DeGraw released Make a Move , and Something Worth Saving followed in September 2016 . DeGraw 's duet with Colbie Caillat on We Both Know for the 2013 film Safe Haven received a Grammy Award nomination ."}]}, {'value': 'September 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Tom Selleck , Eddie Cibrian and Lawrence Zarian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Selleck', 'summary': "Thomas William Selleck ( /ˈsɛlɪk/ ; born January 29 , 1945 ) is an American actor , film producer , and California Army National Guard veteran . He is most known for starring as private investigator Thomas Magnum in the television series Magnum , P.I . ( 1980-1988 ) , as Peter Mitchell in Three Men and a Baby , and as NYPD Commissioner Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods on CBS since 2010 . Selleck also had a recurring role as Lance White , the likeable and naive partner of Jim Rockford ( played by James Garner ) on The Rockford Files and also played Police Chief Jesse Stone in a series of made-for-TV movies based on Robert B. Parker novels . Selleck has appeared in more than 50 film and television roles since Magnum , P.I. , including Three Men and a Baby , Quigley Down Under , Mr . Baseball , and Lassiter . He appeared as Dr. Richard Burke on Friends and as A.J . Cooper on the TV series Las Vegas . He also had a lead role in the television western movie The Sacketts , based on two of Louis L'Amour 's books ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Eddie_Cibrian', 'summary': 'Edward Carl Cibrian ( /ˈsɪbriən/ SIB-ree-ən ; born June 16 , 1973 ) is an American actor . He played Cole Deschanel on the television series Sunset Beach and has also appeared in films and as a cast member in several other television series , filling such roles as Jimmy Doherty on Third Watch , Russell Varon in Invasion , Jesse Cardoza in CSI : Miami and Eddie Valetik in Take Two .'}]}, {'value': 'September 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Julianna Margulies , Paula Abdul and Anna Kournikova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julianna_Margulies', 'summary': "Julianna Luisa Margulies ( /ˈmɑːrɡjʊliːs/ ; born June 8 , 1966 ) is an American actress and producer . After several small television roles , Margulies achieved wide recognition for her role as Carol Hathaway on NBC 's long-running medical drama ER , for which she won an Emmy Award . She also voiced Neera in Dinosaur ( 2000 ) and appeared in the miniseries The Mists of Avalon ( 2001 ) . In 2009 , she took on the lead role of Alicia Florrick in the American legal drama The Good Wife on CBS . Her performance garnered acclaim : she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series twice , a Golden Globe , and a Television Critics Association Award . In 2018 , Margulies had a co-starring role as Kitty Montgomery in the AMC dark comedy series Dietland . Margulies has won eight Screen Actor Guild Awards , making her the second most awarded woman ever within SAG after Julia Louis-Dreyfus . In 2015 , Time magazine featured her as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World . She has been awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Paula_Abdul', 'summary': "Paula Julie Abdul ( born June 19 , 1962 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , choreographer , actress , and television personality . She began her career as a cheerleader for the Los Angeles Lakers at the age of 18 and later became the head choreographer for the Laker Girls , where she was discovered by The Jacksons . After choreographing music videos for Janet Jackson , Abdul became a choreographer at the height of the music video era and soon thereafter she was signed to Virgin Records . Her debut studio album Forever Your Girl ( 1988 ) became one of the most successful debut albums at that time , selling 7 million copies in the United States and setting a record for the most number-one singles from a debut album on the Billboard Hot 100 chart : Straight Up , Forever Your Girl , Cold Hearted , and Opposites Attract . Her six number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 tie her with Diana Ross for seventh among the female solo performers who have topped the chart . Abdul was one of the original judges on the television series American Idol from 2002 to 2009 , and has since appeared as a judge on The X Factor , Live to Dance , and So You Think You Can Dance . Notably , she received choreography credits in numerous films , including Ca n't Buy Me Love ( 1987 ) , The Running Man ( 1987 ) , Big ( 1988 ) , Coming to America ( 1988 ) , Action Jackson ( 1988 ) , The Doors ( 1991 ) , Jerry Maguire ( 1996 ) , and American Beauty ( 1999 ) . She has received five MTV Video Music Award nominations , winning twice , as well as receiving the Grammy Award for Best Music Video for Opposites Attract in 1991 . She received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography twice for her work on The Tracey Ullman Show , and her own performance at the American Music Awards in 1990 . Abdul was honored with her own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and is the first entertainer to be honored with the Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Awards ' Hall of Fame Award ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anna_Kournikova', 'summary': 'Anna Sergeyevna Kournikova ( Russian : А́нна Серге́евна Ку́рникова , IPA : [ ˈanːə sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvnə ˈkurnʲɪkəvə ] ( listen ) ; born 7 June 1981 ) is a Russian former professional tennis player and American television personality . Her appearance and celebrity status made her one of the best known tennis stars worldwide . At the peak of her fame , fans looking for images of Kournikova made her name one of the most common search strings on Google Search . Despite never winning a singles title , she reached No . 8 in the world in 2000 . She achieved greater success playing doubles , where she was at times the world No . 1 player . With Martina Hingis as her partner , she won Grand Slam titles in Australia in 1999 and 2002 , and the WTA Championships in 1999 and 2000 . They referred to themselves as the Spice Girls of Tennis . Kournikova retired at the age of 21 due to serious back and spinal problems , including a herniated disk . She lives in Miami Beach , Florida , and plays in occasional exhibitions and in doubles for the St. Louis Aces of World Team Tennis before the team folded in 2011 . She was a new trainer for season 12 of the television show The Biggest Loser , replacing Jillian Michaels , but did not return for season 13 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Jonah Hill , Jane Lynch and Kelly Monaco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonah_Hill', 'summary': "Jonah Hill Feldstein ( born December 20 , 1983 ) is an American actor , director , producer , screenwriter , and comedian . Hill is known for his comedic roles in films including Superbad ( 2007 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Forgetting Sarah Marshall ( 2008 ) , Get Him to the Greek ( 2010 ) , 21 Jump Street ( 2012 ) , This Is the End ( 2013 ) , and 22 Jump Street ( 2014 ) as well as his dramatic performances in Moneyball ( 2011 ) and The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) , for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . Hill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine 's ranking of world 's highest-paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015 , bringing in $ 16 million . As a screenwriter , he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street , 22 Jump Street , Sausage Party and Why Him ? . In 2018 , Hill starred in the Netflix dark comedy miniseries Maniac and made his directorial debut with the film Mid90s , from his own screenplay ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jane_Lynch', 'summary': "Jane Marie Lynch ( born July 14 , 1960 ) is an American actress , voice actress , author , singer and comedian . She is best known for her role as Sue Sylvester in the musical television series Glee . She also gained fame in Christopher Guest 's improv mockumentary pictures such as Best in Show . A native of Dolton , Illinois , Lynch 's television cameos include an appearance in the Nickelodeon situation comedy iCarly and the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds . Lynch had a recurring role in the Warner Bros. situation comedy Two and a Half Men from 2004 to 2014 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in 2010 . She has also had other notable roles in numerous mainstream comedies , such as Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby , The 40-Year-Old Virgin , Role Models and The Three Stooges . On September 4 , 2013 , Lynch received the 2,505th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of television located at 6640 Hollywood Blvd . Lynch has lent her voice to multiple animated films , including Space Chimps , Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs , Shrek Forever After and Wreck-It Ralph . Since 2013 , she has hosted the NBC game show Hollywood Game Night , for which she has won two Emmy Awards . She has also hosted Earth Live for National Geographic ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Monaco', 'summary': 'Kelly Marie Monaco ( born May 23 , 1976 ) is an American model , actress , and reality television personality , best known for her portrayal of Sam McCall on the ABC soap opera General Hospital and as the first season winner of the reality TV competition series Dancing with the Stars . Monaco was also Playboy Playmate of the Month for April 1997 , and portrayed Livvie Locke on the soap opera Port Charles from 1997 through 2003 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Taylor Lautner , Celine Dion and Minka Kelly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylor_Lautner', 'summary': "Taylor Daniel Lautner ( /ˈlaʊtnər/ ; born February 11 , 1992 ) is an American actor , voice actor , and model . He is known for playing Jacob Black in The Twilight Saga film series based on the novels of the same name by Stephenie Meyer . Lautner began his acting career playing bit roles in comedy series such as The Bernie Mac Show ( 2003 ) and My Wife and Kids ( 2004 ) , before having voice roles in television series like What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? ( 2005 ) and Danny Phantom ( 2005 ) . In 2005 , he appeared in the film Cheaper by the Dozen 2 and starred in The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D . He also starred in the 2011 action film Abduction . From 2014 to 2018 , Lautner starred in the BBC sitcom Cuckoo as the son of the titular character . In 2016 , he played a leading role , Dr. Cassidy Cascade , in the second season of FOX black comedy series Scream Queens . The late 2000s saw Lautner become a teen idol and sex symbol , after extensively changing his physique to keep the role of Jacob Black in further Twilight installments , and generating media attention for his looks . In 2010 , he was ranked second on Glamour 's The 50 Sexiest Men of 2010 list , and fourth on People 's Most Amazing Bodies list . Also in the same year , Lautner was named the highest-paid teenage actor in Hollywood ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Celine_Dion', 'summary': "Céline Marie Claudette Dion CC OQ ( /seɪˌliːn diˈɒn/ , also UK : /- ˈdiːɒn/ , French : [ selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃ ] , Quebec French : [ - d͡zjɔ̃ ] ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s . She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest , where she represented Switzerland . After learning to speak English , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums , such as Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , which were both certified diamond in the US . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including The Power of Love , Think Twice , Because You Loved Me , It 's All Coming Back to Me Now , My Heart Will Go On , and I 'm Your Angel . Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record ; D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time , while S'il suffisait d'aimer ( 1998 ) , Sans attendre ( 2012 ) , and Encore un soir ( 2016 ) , were all certified diamond in France . During the 2000s , she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day . in Las Vegas Strip ( 2003-07 ) , which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time , as well as the Taking Chances World Tour ( 2008-09 ) , one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R & B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Minka_Kelly', 'summary': "Minka Kelly ( born Minka Dumont Dufay ; [ better source needed ] June 24 , 1980 ) is an American actress and model . Her first starring role was in the NBC drama series Friday Night Lights ( 2006-2009 ) and she has also appeared on the shows Parenthood ( 2010-2011 ) , Charlie 's Angels ( 2011 ) , and Almost Human ( 2013 ) . Since 2018 , Kelly portrays Dawn Granger / Dove in the DC Universe series Titans ."}]}, {'value': 'September 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Dana Carvey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dana_Carvey', 'summary': "Dana Thomas Carvey ( born June 2 , 1955 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , screenwriter and producer . He was a cast member on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live ( from 1986 to 1993 ) , which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award from five consecutive nominations . Carvey is also known for his roles in the films Tough Guys ( 1986 ) , Wayne 's World ( 1992 ) and its sequel Wayne 's World 2 ( 1993 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Hurley , Christina Ricci and Marc Santa Maria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley', 'summary': "Elizabeth Jane Hurley ( born 10 June 1965 ) is an English businesswoman , actress , and model . She has been associated with the cosmetics company Estée Lauder since the company gave Hurley her first modelling job at the age of 29 . They have featured her as a representative and model for their products , especially perfumes such as Sensuous , Intuition , and Pleasures , since 1995 . Hurley owns an eponymous beachwear line . As an actress , her best-known film roles to date have been as Vanessa Kensington in Mike Myers ' hit spy comedy , Austin Powers : International Man of Mystery ( 1997 ) and as the Devil in Bedazzled ( 2000 ) . In 2015 , Hurley began starring in the E ! original series The Royals . In the 1990s , Hurley became known as the girlfriend of Hugh Grant . In 1994 , as Grant became the focus of international media attention due to the success of his film Four Weddings and a Funeral , Hurley accompanied him to the film 's Los Angeles premiere in a plunging black Versace dress held together with gold safety pins , which gained her instant media attention ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Christina_Ricci', 'summary': "Christina Ricci ( /ˈriːtʃi/ ; born February 12 , 1980 ) is an American actress and producer . She is known for playing unconventional characters with a dark edge . Ricci is the recipient of several accolades , including a National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Satellite Award for Best Actress , as well as Golden Globe , Primetime Emmy , Screen Actors Guild , and Independent Spirit Award nominations . Ricci made her film debut at the age of ten in Mermaids ( 1990 ) , which was followed by a breakout role as Wednesday Addams in The Addams Family ( 1991 ) and its sequel . Subsequent appearances in Casper and Now and Then ( both 1995 ) brought her fame as a teen icon . At 17 , she moved into adult-oriented roles with The Ice Storm ( 1997 ) , which led to parts in films such as Buffalo '66 , Pecker and The Opposite of Sex ( all 1998 ) . She garnered acclaim for her performances in Sleepy Hollow ( 1999 ) and Monster ( 2003 ) . Her other credits include Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas ( 1998 ) , Prozac Nation ( 2001 ) , Pumpkin ( 2002 ) , Anything Else ( 2003 ) , Black Snake Moan ( 2006 ) , Speed Racer ( 2008 ) , and The Smurfs 2 ( 2013 ) . Despite being known predominantly for her work in independent productions , Ricci has appeared in numerous box office hits - to date , her films have grossed in excess of US $ 1.4 billion . On television , Ricci appeared as Liza Bump in the final season of Ally McBeal ( 2002 ) , and received acclaim for her guest role on Grey 's Anatomy in 2006 . She also starred as Maggie Ryan on the ABC series Pan Am ( 2011-12 ) , and produced and starred in the series The Lizzie Borden Chronicles ( 2015 ) and Z : The Beginning of Everything ( 2017 ) . As well as voicing characters in several animated films , Ricci provided voices for the video games The Legend of Spyro : Dawn of the Dragon and Speed Racer : The Videogame ( both 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'September 26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Melissa McCarthy , Cloris Leachman and Blake Shelton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melissa_McCarthy', 'summary': "Melissa Ann McCarthy ( born August 26 , 1970 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , producer , and fashion designer . She is the recipient of numerous accolades , including two Primetime Emmy Awards and nominations for two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards . McCarthy was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 , and she has been featured multiple times in annual rankings of the highest-paid actresses in the world . McCarthy began appearing in television and film in the late 1990s , and first gained recognition for her role as Sookie St. James on the television series Gilmore Girls ( 2000-2007 ) . She played Dena on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? ( 2007-2009 ) before starring as Molly Flynn on the CBS sitcom Mike & Molly ( 2010-2016 ) , for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2011 . McCarthy 's appearances as a host on Saturday Night Live led to a win for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2017 . McCarthy gained critical acclaim for her performance in the comedy film Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She went on to star in several commercially successful comedies , including Identity Thief ( 2013 ) , The Heat ( 2013 ) , Tammy ( 2014 ) , St. Vincent ( 2014 ) , Spy ( 2015 ) , and The Boss ( 2016 ) . She also expanded into dramatic roles by portraying Lee Israel in the biographical drama film Can You Ever Forgive Me ? ( 2018 ) , for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . McCarthy and her husband Ben Falcone are the founders of the production company On the Day Productions , under which they have collaborated on several comedy films ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cloris_Leachman', 'summary': 'Cloris Leachman ( born April 30 , 1926 ) is an American actress and comedian . In a career spanning over seven decades she has won eight Primetime Emmy Awards , a Daytime Emmy Award , and an Academy Award for her role in The Last Picture Show ( 1971 ) . As Miss Chicago , Leachman competed in the 20th Miss America pageant and placed in the Top 16 in 1946 . Her longest-running role was the nosy and cunning landlady Phyllis Lindstrom in the CBS sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show and its spin-off , Phyllis , in the 1970s . She also appeared in three Mel Brooks films , Young Frankenstein ( 1974 ) , High Anxiety ( 1977 ) , and History of the World , Part I ( 1981 ) . She also starred as Beverly Ann Stickle in the NBC sitcom The Facts of Life from 1986 to 1988 , and appeared as Granny in The Beverly Hillbillies ( 1993 ) . In the 2000s , Leachman had a recurring role as Grandma Ida on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle , and appeared as a roaster in the Comedy Central Roast of Bob Saget in 2008 . She was a contestant on the seventh season of the ABC reality competition series Dancing with the Stars in 2008 , paired with Corky Ballas . She was 82 at the time and is the oldest contestant to have danced in the series . From 2010-14 , she starred as Maw Maw on the Fox sitcom Raising Hope . In 2017 , she played the role of Zorya Vechernyaya on the Starz drama American Gods .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Blake_Shelton', 'summary': "Blake Tollison Shelton ( born June 18 , 1976 ) is an American country music singer and television personality . In 2001 , he made his debut with the single Austin . The lead-off single from his self-titled debut album , Austin spent five weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart . The now Platinum-certified debut album also produced two more top 20 entries ( All Over Me and Ol ' Red ) . His second and third albums , 2003 's The Dreamer and 2004 's Blake Shelton 's Barn & Grill , are gold and platinum , respectively . His fourth album , Pure BS ( 2007 ) , was re-issued in 2008 with a cover of Michael Bublé 's pop hit Home as one of the bonus tracks . His fifth album , Startin ' Fires was released in November 2008 . It was followed by the extended plays Hillbilly Bone and All About Tonight in 2010 , and the albums Red River Blue in 2011 , Based on a True Story . in 2013 , Bringing Back the Sunshine in 2014 , and If I 'm Honest in 2016 . As of November 2019 [ update ] , Shelton has charted 40 singles , including 26 number ones , 17 of which were consecutive . The 11th No . 1 ( Doin ' What She Likes ) broke the record for the most consecutive No ."}]}, {'value': 'September 27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Taye Diggs , Morgan Freeman and Colbie Caillat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taye_Diggs', 'summary': 'Scott Leo Taye Diggs ( born January 2 , 1971 ) is an American actor and singer . He is known for his roles in the Broadway musicals Rent and Hedwig and the Angry Inch , the TV series Private Practice , the films How Stella Got Her Groove Back , Brown Sugar , The Best Man and its sequel , The Best Man Holiday . Between 2014 and 2016 he starred as Inspector Terry English in Murder in the First .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Morgan_Freeman', 'summary': "Morgan Freeman ( born June 1 , 1937 ) is an American actor and film narrator . Freeman won an Academy Award in 2005 for Best Supporting Actor with Million Dollar Baby ( 2004 ) and has received Oscar nominations for his performances in Street Smart ( 1987 ) , Driving Miss Daisy ( 1989 ) , The Shawshank Redemption ( 1994 ) and Invictus ( 2009 ) . He has also won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award . Freeman has appeared in many other box office hits , including Glory ( 1989 ) , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves ( 1991 ) , Seven ( 1995 ) , Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , The Sum of All Fears ( 2002 ) , Bruce Almighty ( 2003 ) , The Dark Knight Trilogy ( 2005-2012 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , Red ( 2010 ) , Now You See Me ( 2013 ) , The Lego Movie ( 2014 ) and Lucy ( 2014 ) . He rose to fame as part of the cast of the 1970s children 's program The Electric Company . Noted for his deep voice , Freeman has served as a narrator , commentator , and voice actor for numerous programs , series and television shows . He is ranked as the seventh-highest box office star since July 2019 . He has a combined total box office gross of $ 4.57 billion , with an average of $ 71.5 million per film ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Colbie_Caillat', 'summary': "Colbie Marie Caillat ( /ˈkoʊlbi kəˈleɪ/ ( listen ) ; born May 28 , 1985 ) is an American singer-songwriter . Caillat rose to fame through social networking website Myspace . At that time , she was the number one unsigned artist of her genre . After signing with Universal Republic Records , she released her debut album , Coco , in July 2007 . The album included the hit singles Bubbly and Realize , and has sold 2,060,000 copies in the US , and is certified 2x Platinum . In 2008 she recorded a duet with Jason Mraz , Lucky , which won a Grammy Award . In August 2009 she released Breakthrough , her second album , which became her first album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 . It has been certified gold by the RIAA . Breakthrough was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2010 Grammy Awards . She was also part of the group that won Album of the Year at the 2010 Grammy Awards for her background vocals and writing on Taylor Swift 's Fearless album . In July 2011 she released her third studio album , All of You . In October 2012 she released her first Christmas album , Christmas in the Sand ."}]}, {'value': 'September 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Ted Danson , Anna Faris and Allstar Weekend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ted_Danson', 'summary': "Edward Bridge Danson III ( born December 29 , 1947 ) is an American actor and producer who played the lead character Sam Malone on the NBC sitcom Cheers , Jack Holden in the films Three Men and a Baby and Three Men and a Little Lady , and Dr. John Becker on the CBS sitcom Becker . He also starred in the CBS dramas CSI : Crime Scene Investigation and CSI : Cyber as D.B . Russell . Additionally , he plays a recurring role on Larry David 's HBO sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm , starred alongside Glenn Close in legal drama Damages , and was a regular on the HBO comedy series Bored to Death . In 2015 he starred as Hank Larsson in the second season of FX 's black comedy-crime drama anthology Fargo . From 2016 to 2020 , he played the afterlife architect Michael in the NBC sitcom The Good Place . During his career , Danson has been nominated for 17 Primetime Emmy Awards , winning two ; ten Golden Globe Awards nominations , winning three ; one Screen Actors Guild Award ; and one American Comedy Award and has been awarded a star on Hollywood 's Walk of Fame . He was ranked second in TV Guide 's list of the top 25 television stars . Danson has also been a longtime activist in ocean conservation . In March 2011 , he published his first book , Oceana : Our Endangered Oceans and What We Can Do to Save Them , written with journalist Michael D'Orso ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anna_Faris', 'summary': "Anna Kay Faris ( /ˈɑːnə ˈfærɪs/ ; born November 29 , 1976 ) is an American actress , podcaster and author . She rose to prominence for her work in comedic roles , particularly the lead part of Cindy Campbell in the Scary Movie films ( 2000-2006 ) . Her other films include The Hot Chick ( 2002 ) , Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) , Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , My Super Ex-Girlfriend ( 2006 ) , Smiley Face ( 2007 ) , The House Bunny ( 2008 ) , What 's Your Number ? ( 2011 ) , The Dictator ( 2012 ) , and Overboard ( 2018 ) . Faris has also had voice-over roles in the film franchises Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs ( 2009-2013 ) and Alvin and the Chipmunks ( 2009-2015 ) , as well as The Emoji Movie ( 2017 ) . Also Just Friends with Ryan Reynolds and Amy Stuart ( 2005 ) Faris had a recurring role as the birth mother to Monica and Chandler 's twins in the tenth and final season of Friends ( 2004 ) . She has played the co-lead role of Christy Plunkett on the CBS sitcom Mom since 2013 . The show has earned the actress further critical and popular acclaim and three People 's Choice Award nominations . In 2015 , she launched Unqualified , an advice podcast , and in 2017 , her memoir of the same name was published ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Allstar_Weekend', 'summary': 'Allstar Weekend is an American pop rock band based in Poway , California . The band gained its popularity from the Disney Channel television network . The band consisted of lead singer Zachary Zach David Porter , bassist Cameron Quiseng , and drummer Michael Allen Martinez . In September 2011 , guitarist Nathan Darmody left the band and later pursued his solo career . They were best known for the singles Dance Forever , Come Down with Love , and A Different Side of Me . They disbanded on August 4 , 2013 . Their debut album Suddenly Yours was released in October 2010 and peaked at number 197 on the Billboard 200 . In September 2011 , Zach , Cameron , and Michael released their second studio album entitled All the Way . All the Way peaked at 49 on the Billboard 200 , a considerable improvement from their first album .'}]}, {'value': 'September 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Claire Danes , Alton Brown and Jason Derulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claire_Danes', 'summary': 'Claire Catherine Danes ( born April 12 , 1979 ) is an American actress . She is the recipient of three Emmy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , and two Screen Actors Guild Awards . In 2012 , Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world , and she was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2015 . Danes gained early recognition as Angela Chase in the 1994 teen drama series My So-Called Life . The role won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress and a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series . She made her film debut the same year in Little Women ( 1994 ) . Her other films include Home for the Holidays ( 1995 ) , Romeo + Juliet ( 1996 ) , The Rainmaker ( 1997 ) , Les Misérables ( 1998 ) , Brokedown Palace ( 1999 ) , the 1999 English dub of Princess Mononoke ( 1997 ) , The Hours ( 2002 ) , Terminator 3 : Rise of the Machines ( 2003 ) , Shopgirl ( 2005 ) , Stardust ( 2007 ) , and A Kid Like Jake ( 2018 ) . From 1998 to 2000 , Danes attended Yale University before dropping out to return to acting . She appeared in an Off-Broadway production of The Vagina Monologues in 2000 , and made her Broadway debut playing Eliza Doolittle in the 2007 revival of Pygmalion . In 2010 , she portrayed Temple Grandin in the highly acclaimed HBO TV film Temple Grandin , which won her a second Golden Globe and her first Primetime Emmy Award for the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie . Since 2011 , she has starred as Carrie Mathison in the Showtime drama series Homeland , for which she has won two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series , two Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama , and the Television Critics Association Award for Individual Achievement in Drama .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alton_Brown', 'summary': "Alton Crawford Brown Jr. ( born July 30 , 1962 ) is an American television personality , food show presenter , author , actor , cinematographer , and musician . He is the creator and host of the Food Network television show Good Eats , host of the mini-series Feasting on Asphalt and Feasting on Waves , and host and main commentator on Iron Chef America and Cutthroat Kitchen . Brown is a best-selling author of several books on food and cooking . On Brown 's 2017 book tour , he stated Good Eats will have a sequel , and it would be released in 2018 on the internet . A recap series titled Good Eats Reloaded aired on Cooking Channel starting in October 2018 , and a true sequel series titled Good Eats : The Return premiered on August 25 , 2019 , on Food Network ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jason_Derulo', 'summary': "Jason Joel Desrouleaux ( born September 21 , 1989 ) , known professionally as Jason Derulo ( /dəˈruːloʊ/ ; formerly stylised as Derülo ) , is an American singer , songwriter , and dancer . Since the start of his solo recording career in 2009 , Derulo has sold over 30 million singles and has achieved eleven Platinum singles , including Wiggle , Talk Dirty , In My Head , and Whatcha Say . After producing records for several artists and writing songs for Cash Money Records co-founder Birdman , Young Money Entertainment owner Lil Wayne and rapper Diddy , Derulo signed to minor recording label Beluga Heights . After Beluga Heights became part of the Warner Music Group , Derulo released his debut single Whatcha Say in May 2009 . It sold over five million digital downloads , gaining an RIAA certification of triple Platinum , and reaching number 1 in the U.S. and New Zealand . Derulo released his second single , In My Head , in December 2009 and his debut studio album , Jason Derulo , followed on March 2 , 2010 . He released his second album , Future History , on September 16 , 2011 ; the album was preceded by the release of the UK number-one single Do n't Wan na Go Home . Derulo 's third international album , Tattoos , was released on September 24 , 2013 and later repackaged as his third U.S. album , Talk Dirty , released on April 15 , 2014 . In 2015 , Derulo released his single Want to Want Me and announced his fourth studio album , Everything Is 4 , which was released on June 2 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Mark Consuelos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mark_Consuelos', 'summary': 'Mark Andrew Consuelos ( born March 30 , 1971 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his portrayal of Mateo Santos on the ABC soap opera All My Children ( 1995-2001 ; 2010 ) and supporting actor Hiram Lodge on The CW drama Riverdale ( 2017-present ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Brooke Shields and Rob Mariano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brooke_Shields', 'summary': "Brooke Christa Shields ( born May 31 , 1965 ) is an American actress and model . She was initially a child model and gained critical acclaim at age 12 for her leading role in Louis Malle 's film Pretty Baby ( 1978 ) , in which she played a child prostitute in New Orleans at the beginning of the 20th century . Shields garnered widespread notoriety in the role , and she continued to model into her late teenage years and starred in several dramas in the 1980s , including The Blue Lagoon ( 1980 ) , and Franco Zeffirelli 's Endless Love ( 1981 ) . In 1983 , Shields suspended her career as a model to attend Princeton University , where she graduated with a bachelor 's degree in Romance Languages . In the 1990s , Shields returned to acting and appeared in minor roles in films . She also starred in the NBC sitcoms Suddenly Susan ( 1996-2000 ) , for which she received two Golden Globe nominations , and Lipstick Jungle ( 2008-2009 ) . In 2017 , Shields returned to NBC with a major recurring role in Law & Order : Special Victims Unit in the show 's 19th season . Since 2014 , Shields has voiced Beverly Goodman in the Adult Swim animated series Mr. Pickles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rob_Mariano', 'summary': 'Robert Carlo Mariano ( born December 25 , 1975 ) , known by the nickname Boston Rob , is an American television personality , widely known for appearing in the CBS reality shows , Survivor and The Amazing Race .'}]}], 'section_title': 'LIVE ! with Regis and Kelly -- September 2011', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Live!_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(Season_24)_0', 'intro': "This is a list of Live! with Regis and Kelly and Live! with Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 24th season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of emails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as an Inbox segment."} | null | null | On what date did a voice actor who worked on The Simpsons appear ? | September 5 |
0bba1976425bd5bc | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A1_Team_Lebanon', 'title': 'A1 Team Lebanon', 'header': ['Name', 'Seasons', 'Rounds ( Starts )', 'Points'], 'data': [{'value': 'Chris Alajajian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Alajajian', 'summary': 'Chris Alajajian ( 31 October 1986 ) is an Australian race car driver .'}]}, {'value': '2007-08', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007-08_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2007-08 A1 Grand Prix season was the third in the relatively short history of the championship .'}]}, {'value': '5 ( 10 starts )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jimmy Auby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Auby', 'summary': "Jimmy Auby ( born 7 November 1986 in Johannesburg , South Africa ) is a South African racing driver . He raced in the South African V8 Championship after progressing from karting . He moved into European competition and featured in the 2007 Euroseries 3000 season and 2008 Spanish Formula Three season . He was the A1 Team Lebanon driver for 2 rounds of the 2007-08 A1 Grand Prix season and was the backup driver for most of the 2008-09 season . He gained test driver experience during the 2008 Superleague Formula season . He has also competed in the Spanish Formula 3 and Formula Volkswagen South Africa series , and returned to the WesBank V8 Supercar series in 2010 , becoming the series ' final champion in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '2007-08', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007-08_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2007-08 A1 Grand Prix season was the third in the relatively short history of the championship .'}]}, {'value': '2 ( 4 starts )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khalil Beschir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khalil_Beschir', 'summary': 'Khalil Beschir ( Also known as Khalil Bachir ) ( born 18 June ) is a Lebanese racing driver , commentator , and pundit .'}]}, {'value': '2005-06 , 2006-07 , 2007-08', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005-06_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2005-06 A1 Grand Prix season was the inaugural season for the A1 Grand Prix series . It began on 25 September 2005 , and finished on 2 April 2006 after eleven races . This first season was won by A1 Team France on 12 March 2006 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2006-07_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2006-07 A1 Grand Prix season was the second season for the A1 Grand Prix series . It began on 1 October 2006 , at Circuit Park Zandvoort , and the season ended at Brands Hatch on 29 April 2007 . A1 Team Germany won it with 128 points , 35 points lead ahead Team New Zealand .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2007-08_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2007-08 A1 Grand Prix season was the third in the relatively short history of the championship .'}]}, {'value': '7 ( 14 starts )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Khateeb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Khateeb', 'summary': 'Alexander Abdelmajeed ( Alex ) Khateeb ( born 8 June 1984 ) is a British racing driver , currently driving in Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 .'}]}, {'value': '2006-07', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006-07_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2006-07 A1 Grand Prix season was the second season for the A1 Grand Prix series . It began on 1 October 2006 , at Circuit Park Zandvoort , and the season ended at Brands Hatch on 29 April 2007 . A1 Team Germany won it with 128 points , 35 points lead ahead Team New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '2 ( 4 starts )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allam Khodair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allam_Khodair', 'summary': 'Allam Khodair ( born May 15 , 1981 ) is a Brazilian racing driver , currently driving in Stock Car Brasil . His father is Lebanese and his mother is Japanese Brazilian .'}]}, {'value': '2006-07', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006-07_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2006-07 A1 Grand Prix season was the second season for the A1 Grand Prix series . It began on 1 October 2006 , at Circuit Park Zandvoort , and the season ended at Brands Hatch on 29 April 2007 . A1 Team Germany won it with 128 points , 35 points lead ahead Team New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '4 ( 8 starts )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Morad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Morad', 'summary': 'Daniel Morad ( born April 24 , 1990 ) is a Canadian racecar driver . He is notable for winning the 2007 American Formula BMW championship and the 2010 World Championship in the Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals in La Conca , Italy .'}]}, {'value': '2008-09', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008-09_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2008-09 A1 Grand Prix season was the fourth and final season of the A1 Grand Prix formula . Ferrari supplied the engines for all entrants and advised on aspects of the chassis , based on its championship-winning F2004 . A1 Team Ireland became the fourth A1GP champions , after a title battle which went down to the final round in Great Britain . Ireland won with 112 points , with team driver Adam Carroll taking five victories at Chengdu , Sepang , Taupo and the series finale at Brands Hatch during the shortened 14 race season . Three rounds were cancelled for various reasons . The following season was cancelled . A1 Team Switzerland finished the season in second place with 95 points and four wins by its driver Neel Jani . Third by just three points was A1 Team Portugal , whose driver Filipe Albuquerque took one race win . Dutch pairing Jeroen Bleekemolen and Robert Doornbos each took a win to take A1 Team Netherlands to fourth position in the team standings with Fairuz Fauzy and Loïc Duval taking the remaining wins for A1 Team Malaysia and A1 Team France respectively .'}]}, {'value': '7 ( 14 starts )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graham Rahal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Graham_Rahal', 'summary': 'Graham Robert Rahal ( born January 4 , 1989 ) is an American race car driver . He currently participates in the IndyCar Series with Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing , a team partially owned by his father Bobby Rahal , the winner of the 1986 Indianapolis 500 .'}]}, {'value': '2005-06', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005-06_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2005-06 A1 Grand Prix season was the inaugural season for the A1 Grand Prix series . It began on 25 September 2005 , and finished on 2 April 2006 after eleven races . This first season was won by A1 Team France on 12 March 2006 .'}]}, {'value': '4 ( 8 starts )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Basil Shaaban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basil_Shaaban', 'summary': 'Basil Shaaban ( born 27 March 1980 in Beirut ) is a Lebanese racing driver , and was raised primarily in Abu Dhabi .'}]}, {'value': '2005-06 , 2006-07', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005-06_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2005-06 A1 Grand Prix season was the inaugural season for the A1 Grand Prix series . It began on 25 September 2005 , and finished on 2 April 2006 after eleven races . This first season was won by A1 Team France on 12 March 2006 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2006-07_A1_Grand_Prix_season', 'summary': 'The 2006-07 A1 Grand Prix season was the second season for the A1 Grand Prix series . It began on 1 October 2006 , at Circuit Park Zandvoort , and the season ended at Brands Hatch on 29 April 2007 . A1 Team Germany won it with 128 points , 35 points lead ahead Team New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '8 ( 16 starts )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Drivers', 'section_text': 'In 2007 several Lebanese fans reacted disappointedly to the decision to drop Beschir , and set up an online petition calling on the team to reinstate him as lead driver . [ 3 ] [ 4 ]', 'uid': 'A1_Team_Lebanon_0', 'intro': 'A1 Team Lebanon was the Lebanese team of A1 Grand Prix, a former international racing series.'} | null | null | What is the alternate spelling of the name of the person with the most seasons played ? | Khalil Bachir |
0bbac39a030b3495 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ship_launches_in_1944', 'title': 'List of ship launches in 1944', 'header': ['Date', 'Ship', 'Country', 'Builder', 'Location', 'Class / type'], 'data': [{'value': '2 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. Rufino Barrios', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Delta Shipbuilding Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delta_Shipbuilding_Company', 'summary': 'The American Ship Building Company was the dominant shipbuilder on the Great Lakes before the Second World War . It started as Cleveland Shipbuilding in Cleveland , Ohio in 1888 and opened the yard in Lorain , Ohio in 1898 . It changed its name to the American Ship Building Company in 1900 , when it acquired Superior Shipbuilding , in Superior , Wisconsin ; Toledo Shipbuilding , in Toledo , Ohio ; and West Bay Shipbuilding , in West Bay City , Michigan . With the coming of World War I , the company also acquired Buffalo Dry Dock , in Buffalo , New York ; Chicago Shipbuilding , in Chicago , Illinois ; and Detroit Shipbuilding , in Wyandotte , Michigan . American Shipbuilding ranked 81st among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts .'}]}, {'value': 'New Orleans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana', 'summary': "New Orleans ( /ˈɔːrl ( i ) ənz , ɔːrˈliːnz/ , locally /ˈɔːrlənz/ ; French : La Nouvelle-Orléans [ la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃ ] ( listen ) ) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana . With an estimated population of 391,006 in 2018 , it is the most populous city in Louisiana . Serving as a major port , New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States . New Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music , Creole cuisine , unique dialect , and its annual celebrations and festivals , most notably Mardi Gras . The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter , known for its French and Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street . The city has been described as the most unique in the United States , owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage . Founded in 1718 by French colonists , New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 . New Orleans in 1840 was the third-most populous city in the United States , and it was the largest city in the American South from the Antebellum era until after World War II . The city has historically been very vulnerable to flooding , due to such factors as high rainfall , low lying elevation , poor natural drainage and location next to multiple bodies of water . State and federal authorities have installed a complex system of levees and drainage pumps in an effort to protect the city . New Orleans was severely affected by Hurricane Katrina on August 29 , 2005 , which resulted in flooding more than 80% of the city , thousands of deaths , and so much displacement because of damaged communities and lost housing as to cause a population decline of over 50% . Since Katrina , major redevelopment efforts have led to a rebound in the city 's population ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberty ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_ship', 'summary': 'Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .'}]}, {'value': '2 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richard J. Hopkins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Todd Houston Shipbuilding Corporation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_Houston_Shipbuilding_Corporation', 'summary': "Vigor Shipyards ( formerly Todd Shipyards ) was founded in 1916 as the William H. Todd Corporation through the merger of Robins Dry Dock & Repair Company of Erie Basin , Brooklyn , New York , the Tietjen & Long Dry Dock Company of Hoboken , New Jersey , and the Seattle Construction and Dry Dock Company . The Seattle shipyard could trace its history back to 1882 , when Robert Moran opened a marine repair shop at Yesler 's Wharf . This shop became the Moran Brothers Shipyard in 1906 and the Seattle Construction & Dry Dock Company at the end of 1911 . The shipyard has performed building and maintenance work for , among others , the U.S. and Royal Australian Navies , the United States Coast Guard , and the Washington State Ferries . Its headquarters and operations are on Harbor Island at the mouth of Seattle 's Duwamish Waterway . Todd ranked 26th among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts . The 105-foot-long ( 32 m ) hull of Disneyland 's Mark Twain riverboat was built at Todd Shipyards in San Pedro , California , in 1955 . Frank Sinatra worked after high school as a rivet catcher . In February 2011 , Vigor Industrial purchased Todd for US $ 130 million . This included the Seattle , Everett and Bremerton operations . Today , Vigor Shipyards is a government repair subsidiary of Vigor Industrial . Originally , the Coast Guard wanted to acquire 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters ( OPC ) and spend about $ 8 billion for them ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston,_Texas', 'summary': "Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/ ( listen ) HEW-stən ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas , fourth most populous city in the United States , most populous city in the Southern United States , as well as the sixth most populous in North America , with an estimated 2018 population of 2,325,502 . Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico , it is the seat of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area , which is the fifth most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second most populous in Texas after the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , with a population of 6,997,384 in 2018 . Comprising a total area of 637.4 square miles ( 1,651 km2 ) , Houston is the eighth most expansive city in the United States ( including consolidated city-counties ) . It is the largest city in the United States by total area , whose government is not consolidated with that of a county , parish or borough . Though primarily in Harris County , small portions of the city extend into Fort Bend and Montgomery counties , bordering other principal communities of Greater Houston such as Sugar Land and The Woodlands . The city of Houston was founded by land investors on August 30 , 1836 , at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou ( a point now known as Allen 's Landing ) and incorporated as a city on June 5 , 1837 . The city is named after former General Sam Houston , who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas ' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles ( 40 km ) east of Allen 's Landing . After briefly serving as the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s , Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century . The arrival of the 20th century saw a convergence of economic factors which fueled rapid growth in Houston , including a burgeoning port and railroad industry , the decline of Galveston as Texas ' primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane , the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel , and the Texas oil boom . In the mid-20th century , Houston 's economy diversified as it became home to the Texas Medical Center - the world 's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions - and NASA 's Johnson Space Center , where the Mission Control Center is located . Houston 's economy since the late 19th century has a broad industrial base in energy , manufacturing , aeronautics , and transportation . Leading in healthcare sectors and building oilfield equipment , Houston has the second most Fortune 500 headquarters of any U.S. municipality within its city limits ( after New York City ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberty ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_ship', 'summary': 'Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .'}]}, {'value': '3 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empire Albany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MV_Empire_Albany', 'summary': 'Empire Albany was a 306-ton Coaster which was built in 1944 . She was renamed Albany in 1946 and disappeared on a voyage between Port Talbot and Rosslare in 1946 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Richards Ironworks Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lowestoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lowestoft', 'summary': 'Lowestoft ( /ˈloʊ ( ɪ ) stɒft , ˈloʊstəf/ ) is an English town and civil parish in the county of Suffolk . The town , on the North Sea coast , is the most easterly settlement of the United Kingdom . It is 110 miles ( 177 km ) north-east of London , 38 miles ( 61 km ) north-east of Ipswich and 22 miles ( 35 km ) south-east of Norwich . It lies on the edge of The Broads and is the main settlement in the district of East Suffolk , with a population of 71,010 in 2011 . Some of the earliest evidence of settlement in Britain was found here . A port town , it developed out of the fishing industry and as a seaside resort with wide , sandy beaches , two piers and other attractions . As its fisheries declined , oil and gas exploitation in the southern North Sea in the 1960s added to its development , alongside nearby Great Yarmouth . This role has declined , but it has begun to develop as a regional centre of the renewable energy industry .'}]}, {'value': 'Coaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coastal_trading_vessel', 'summary': 'Coastal trading vessels , also known as coasters , are shallow-hulled ships used for trade between locations on the same island or continent . Their shallow hulls mean that they can get through reefs where deeper-hulled seagoing ships usually can not . Coasters can load and unload cargo in shallow ports .'}]}, {'value': '3 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James T. Fields', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'New England Shipbuilding Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Shipbuilding_Company', 'summary': 'Five of the British Ocean ships , hulls 19-24 Ocean Wayfarer , Ocean Stranger , Ocean Traveller , Ocean Seaman , and Ocean Gallant , were launched along with two destroyers , USS Conway and USS Cony , and the Liberty Ship SS Natasha Allen at a record breaking mass launching on August 16 , 1942 . The ships were launched and they raced to see which one was the fastest ; Natasha Allen won . At the peak of production , the yards employed 30,000 people .'}]}, {'value': 'South Portland , Maine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Portland,_Maine', 'summary': "South Portland is a city in Cumberland County , Maine , United States , and is the fourth-largest city in the state , incorporated in 1898 . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 25,002 . Known for its working waterfront , South Portland is situated on Portland Harbor and overlooks the skyline of Portland and the islands of Casco Bay . Due to South Portland 's close proximity to air , marine , rail , and highway transportation options , the city has become a center for retail and industry in the region . Despite the name , South Portland was never part of the city of Portland , but rather part of Cape Elizabeth . It broke off in 1895 . However , both Cape Elizabeth and Portland were once part of Falmouth . Cape Elizabeth , then including what later became South Portland , broke away from Falmouth in 1765 . South Portland is a principal city of the Portland - South Portland - Biddeford metropolitan area ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberty ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_ship', 'summary': 'Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .'}]}, {'value': '3 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Loammi Baldwin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'New England Shipbuilding Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Shipbuilding_Company', 'summary': 'Five of the British Ocean ships , hulls 19-24 Ocean Wayfarer , Ocean Stranger , Ocean Traveller , Ocean Seaman , and Ocean Gallant , were launched along with two destroyers , USS Conway and USS Cony , and the Liberty Ship SS Natasha Allen at a record breaking mass launching on August 16 , 1942 . The ships were launched and they raced to see which one was the fastest ; Natasha Allen won . At the peak of production , the yards employed 30,000 people .'}]}, {'value': 'South Portland , Maine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Portland,_Maine', 'summary': "South Portland is a city in Cumberland County , Maine , United States , and is the fourth-largest city in the state , incorporated in 1898 . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 25,002 . Known for its working waterfront , South Portland is situated on Portland Harbor and overlooks the skyline of Portland and the islands of Casco Bay . Due to South Portland 's close proximity to air , marine , rail , and highway transportation options , the city has become a center for retail and industry in the region . Despite the name , South Portland was never part of the city of Portland , but rather part of Cape Elizabeth . It broke off in 1895 . However , both Cape Elizabeth and Portland were once part of Falmouth . Cape Elizabeth , then including what later became South Portland , broke away from Falmouth in 1765 . South Portland is a principal city of the Portland - South Portland - Biddeford metropolitan area ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberty ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_ship', 'summary': 'Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .'}]}, {'value': '3 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Navarro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Navarro_(APA-215)', 'summary': 'USS Navarro ( APA/LPA-215 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport of the US Navy . She was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type that saw service in World War II and the Vietnam War . Navarro was named after Navarro County , Texas .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Permanente Metals , # 2 Yard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Permanente_Metals', 'summary': "Permanente Metals Corporation ( PMC ) is best known for having managed the Richmond Shipyards in Richmond , California , owned by one of industrialist Henry J. Kaiser 's many corporations , and also engaged in related corporate activities . These four of the seven west coast Kaiser Shipyards were known for their construction of Liberty ships and later Victory ships . The company was originally a major producer of magnesium during World War II and derives its name from the Permanente Creek in Santa Clara County , California where mining operations commenced in the early 1930s . To make use of its major product , powdered magnesium , PMC also developed and supplied an incendiary bomb mixture of magnesium powder , asphalt , gasoline and others components ( known as goop , with similar characteristics to napalm ) ; 17,000 short tons of goop-filled bombs were used in World War II ( approximately eight percent of the total tonnage of incendiaries that were dropped during that conflict ) . Permanente ranked 42nd among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Shipyards', 'summary': 'The four Richmond Shipyards , located in the city of Richmond , California , United States , were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards . During World War II , Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard , turning out as many as three ships in a single day . The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park , whose the Rosie the Riveter memorial sits on the former grounds of Shipyard # 2 . Shipyard # 3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Richmond , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond,_California', 'summary': "Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is a city in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city was incorporated on August 7 , 1905 and has a city council . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo , Albany , El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond , Hasford Heights , Kensington , El Sobrante , Bayview-Montalvin Manor , Tara Hills , and East Richmond Heights , and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay . Richmond is one of two cities , the other being San Rafael , California , that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously . During the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin , Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city 's population is at 103,710 , making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond . The largest , Richmond , Virginia , is the namesake of the California city ."}]}, {'value': 'Haskell -class attack transport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haskell-class_attack_transport', 'summary': "Haskell-class attack transports ( APA ) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944 . They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment , and land them on hostile shores with the ships ' integral landing craft . The Haskells were very active in the World War II Pacific Theater of Operations , landing Marines and Army troops and transporting casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa . Ships of the class were among the first Allied ships to enter Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II , landing the first occupation troops at Yokosuka . After the end of World War II , most participated in Operation Magic Carpet , the massive sealift of US personnel back to the United States . A few of the Haskell class were reactivated for the Korean War , with some staying in service into the Vietnam War . The Haskell class , Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5 , is a sub - type of the World War II Victory ship design . 117 were launched in 1944 and 1945 , with 14 more being finished as another VC2 type or canceled . Built by the War Shipping Administration under the Emergency Shipbuilding program ."}]}, {'value': '3 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U 2341', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nazi Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nazi_Germany', 'summary': "Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945 , when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) controlled the country through a dictatorship . Under Hitler 's rule , Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government . The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich ( German Reich ) until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich ( Greater German Reich ) from 1943 to 1945 . Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich ( Drittes Reich ) , meaning Third Realm or Third Empire , the first two being the Holy Roman Empire ( 800-1806 ) and the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) . The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic , Paul von Hindenburg , on 30 January 1933 . The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power . Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency . A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer ( leader ) of Germany . All power was centralised in Hitler 's person and his word became the highest law . The government was not a coordinated , co-operating body , but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler 's favour . In the midst of the Great Depression , the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy ."}]}, {'value': 'Deutsche Werft AG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hamburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamburg', 'summary': "Hamburg ( English : /ˈhæmbɜːrɡ/ , German : [ ˈhambʊʁk ] ( listen ) , locally also [ ˈhambʊɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) [ ˈhambɔːχ ] ; Low Saxon : Hamborg ) , officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ( German : Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg ; Low Saxon : Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg ) , is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 7th largest city in the European Union with a population of over 1.84 million . One of Germany 's 16 federal states , it is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south . The city 's metropolitan region is home to more than five million people . Hamburg lies on the River Elbe and two of its tributaries , the River Alster and the River Bille . The official name reflects Hamburg 's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire . Before the 1871 Unification of Germany , it was a fully sovereign city state , and before 1919 formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten . Beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg , North Sea flood of 1962 and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids , the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe . Hamburg is Europe 's third-largest port . Major regional broadcaster NDR , the printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr and the newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit are based in the city . Hamburg is the seat of Germany 's oldest stock exchange and the world 's oldest merchant bank , Berenberg Bank . Media , commercial , logistical , and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus , Blohm + Voss , Aurubis , Beiersdorf , and Unilever . The city hosts specialists in world economics and international law , including consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , the EU-LAC Foundation , and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning , multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20 ."}]}, {'value': 'Type XXIII submarine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Type_XXIII_submarine', 'summary': 'German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboats to become operational . They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea , Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea , where larger Type XXI Elektro boats were at risk in World War II . They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes , which had to be loaded externally . As with their far larger sisters - the Type XXI - they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats , due to the improved streamlining of their shape , batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel , which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged . The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design . Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II , but most of these were either cancelled , scrapped incomplete or only projected .'}]}, {'value': '4 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chief Osceola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SS_Chief_Osceola', 'summary': 'SS Chief Osceola was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Chief Osceola , resistance leader of the Seminole , during the Second Seminole War .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'J . A. Jones Construction Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J.A._Jones_Construction', 'summary': "J.A . Jones Construction was a heavy construction company headquartered in Charlotte , North Carolina . Operating internationally since the 1950s , it merged with Germany 's Philipp Holzmann AG in 1979 . In 2003 the company ceased operations due to the failure of its parent company ."}]}, {'value': 'Panama City , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panama_City,_Florida', 'summary': 'Panama City is a city and the county seat of Bay County , Florida , United States . Located along U.S. Route 98 , it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola . It is the more populated of two principal cities of the Panama City-Lynn Haven , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 36,484 . The city was catastrophically damaged when Hurricane Michael made landfall as a Category 5 hurricane on October 10 , 2018 . When Panama City was incorporated in 1909 , its original city limits were 15th Street ( Hwy 98 ) on the north , Balboa Avenue on the west and Bay Avenue on the east .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberty ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_ship', 'summary': 'Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .'}]}, {'value': '4 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U 3510', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nazi Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nazi_Germany', 'summary': "Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945 , when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) controlled the country through a dictatorship . Under Hitler 's rule , Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government . The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich ( German Reich ) until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich ( Greater German Reich ) from 1943 to 1945 . Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich ( Drittes Reich ) , meaning Third Realm or Third Empire , the first two being the Holy Roman Empire ( 800-1806 ) and the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) . The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic , Paul von Hindenburg , on 30 January 1933 . The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power . Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency . A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer ( leader ) of Germany . All power was centralised in Hitler 's person and his word became the highest law . The government was not a coordinated , co-operating body , but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler 's favour . In the midst of the Great Depression , the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy ."}]}, {'value': 'Schichau-Werke', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danzig', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Type XXI submarine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Type_XXI_submarine', 'summary': 'Type XXI submarines were a class of German diesel-electric Elektroboot ( German : electric boat ) submarines designed during the Second World War . One hundred and eighteen were completed , with four being combat ready . During the war only two were put into active service and went on patrols , but these were not used in combat . They were the first submarines designed to operate primarily submerged , rather than spending most of their time as surface ships that could submerge for brief periods as a means to escape detection . They incorporated many batteries to increase the time they could spend submerged , to as much as several days , and they only needed to surface to periscope depth for recharging via a snorkel . The design included many general improvements as well : much greater underwater speed by an improved hull design , greatly improved diving times , power-assisted torpedo reloading and greatly improved crew accommodations . However , the design was also flawed in many ways , with the submarines being mechanically unreliable and vulnerable to combat damage . The Type XXI submarines were also rushed into production before design work was complete , and the inexperienced facilities which constructed the boats were unable to meet necessary quality standards . After the war , several navies obtained XXIs and operated them for decades in various roles and large navies introduced new submarine designs based on them . These include the Soviet Whiskey , US Tang , UK Porpoise and Swedish Hajen classes , all based on the Type XXI design to some extent .'}]}, {'value': '4 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magoffin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Magoffin_(APA-199)', 'summary': 'USS Magoffin ( APA-199/LPA-199 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Kaiser Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaiser_Company', 'summary': "The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the United States west coast during World War II . Kaiser ranked 20th among U.S. corporations in the value of wartime production contracts . The shipyards were owned by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company , a creation of American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser ( 1882-1967 ) , who established the shipbuilding company around 1939 in order to help meet the construction goals set by the United States Maritime Commission for merchant shipping . Four of the Kaiser Shipyards were located in Richmond , California , and were called the Richmond Shipyards . Three other shipyards were located in the Pacific Northwest along the Columbia and Willamette rivers : the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and the Swan Island Shipyard in Portland , Oregon , and the Vancouver Shipyard in Vancouver , Washington . Henry Kaiser was known for developing new methods of ship building , which allowed his yards to outproduce other similar facilities and build 1,490 ships , 27 percent of the total Maritime Commission construction . Kaiser 's ships were completed in two-thirds the time and a quarter the cost of the average of all other shipyards . Liberty ships were typically assembled in a little over two weeks , and one in less than five days . Kaiser Shipyards shut down at the end of the war . The Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park was dedicated October 25 , 2000 on the site of one of the shipyards in Richmond ."}]}, {'value': 'Vancouver , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington', 'summary': 'Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington . It is the largest suburb of Portland , Oregon . Incorporated in 1857 , Vancouver had a population of 161,791 as of the 2010 U.S. census , making it the fourth-largest city in Washington state . Vancouver is the county seat of Clark County and forms part of the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area , the 23rd largest metropolitan area in the United States . Originally established in 1825 around Fort Vancouver , a fur-trading outpost , the city is located on the Washington/Oregon border along the Columbia River , directly north of Portland . In 2005 , Money magazine named it No . 91 on its list of best places in America to live . In 2016 , WalletHub ranked Vancouver the 89th best place in the U.S. for families to live .'}]}, {'value': 'Haskell -class attack transport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haskell-class_attack_transport', 'summary': "Haskell-class attack transports ( APA ) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944 . They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment , and land them on hostile shores with the ships ' integral landing craft . The Haskells were very active in the World War II Pacific Theater of Operations , landing Marines and Army troops and transporting casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa . Ships of the class were among the first Allied ships to enter Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II , landing the first occupation troops at Yokosuka . After the end of World War II , most participated in Operation Magic Carpet , the massive sealift of US personnel back to the United States . A few of the Haskell class were reactivated for the Korean War , with some staying in service into the Vietnam War . The Haskell class , Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5 , is a sub - type of the World War II Victory ship design . 117 were launched in 1944 and 1945 , with 14 more being finished as another VC2 type or canceled . Built by the War Shipping Administration under the Emergency Shipbuilding program ."}]}, {'value': '4 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empire Dorrit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SS_Empire_Dorrit', 'summary': 'Holdernith was a 643 GRT coaster that was built in 1944 as Empire Dorrit by Scott and Son Ltd , Bowling , West Dunbartonshire , Scotland , UK , for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was transferred to the French government in 1945 and renamed Lieutenant Lancelot , serving until 1954 when she was sold to a British company and renamed Holdernith . She served until 1963 , when she was scrapped .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Scott & Sons Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bowling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bowling,_West_Dunbartonshire', 'summary': 'Bowling ( Scots : Bowlin , Scottish Gaelic : Bolan ) is a village in West Dunbartonshire , Scotland , with a population of 740 ( 2015 ) . It lies on the north bank of the Firth of Clyde , between the towns of Clydebank and Dumbarton . It is just 1.5 miles to the west of Old Kilpatrick which is at one end of the Antonine Wall and therefore represents the extreme limit of the Roman Empire on the west coast of the island of Great Britain .'}]}, {'value': 'Coaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coastal_trading_vessel', 'summary': 'Coastal trading vessels , also known as coasters , are shallow-hulled ships used for trade between locations on the same island or continent . Their shallow hulls mean that they can get through reefs where deeper-hulled seagoing ships usually can not . Coasters can load and unload cargo in shallow ports .'}]}, {'value': '4 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empire Elinor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Empire_ships_-_E', 'summary': 'Hundreds of Empire ships were employed by the Government of the United Kingdom . They were acquired from a number of sources : many were built for the government ; others obtained from the United States ; still others were captured or seized from enemy powers . Empire ships were mostly used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines ; however , some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also named as Empire ships . Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped ; however a few still remain in active service or preserved .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Scarr Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hessle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hessle', 'summary': 'Hessle ( /ˈhɛzəl/ ) is a town , civil parish and electoral ward in the East Riding of Yorkshire , England , five miles ( 8 km ) west of Kingston upon Hull city centre . Geographically it is part of a larger urban area consisting of the city of Kingston upon Hull , the town of Hessle and a number of other villages but is not part of the city . It is on the north bank of the Humber Estuary where the Humber Bridge crosses . According to the 2011 UK census , Hessle parish had a population of 15,000 , an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 14,767 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tug', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tugboat', 'summary': 'A tugboat or tug is a type of vessel that maneuvers other vessels by pushing or pulling them either by direct contact or by means of a tow line . Tugs typically move vessels that either are restricted in their ability to maneuver on their own , such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal , or those that can not move by themselves , such as barges , disabled ships , log rafts , or oil platforms . Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built , and some are ocean-going . Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats . Early tugboats had steam engines , but today most have diesel engines . Many tugboats have firefighting monitors , allowing them to assist in firefighting , especially in harbors .'}]}, {'value': '4 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empire Jenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Empire_ships_-_I_-_J', 'summary': 'Hundreds of Empire ships were employed by the Government of the United Kingdom . They were acquired from a number of sources : many were built for the government ; others obtained from the United States ; still others were captured or seized from enemy powers . Empire ships were mostly used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines ; however , some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also named as Empire ships . Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped ; however a few still remain in active service or preserved .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Cochrane & Sons Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selby', 'summary': 'Selby is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire , England , 14 miles ( 22.5 km ) south of York on the River Ouse , with a population at the 2011 census of 14,731 . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , Selby once had a large shipbuilding industry , and was an important port on the Selby Canal which brought trade from Leeds . Selby Town F.C . play in the Northern Counties East Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'Tug', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tugboat', 'summary': 'A tugboat or tug is a type of vessel that maneuvers other vessels by pushing or pulling them either by direct contact or by means of a tow line . Tugs typically move vessels that either are restricted in their ability to maneuver on their own , such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal , or those that can not move by themselves , such as barges , disabled ships , log rafts , or oil platforms . Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built , and some are ocean-going . Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats . Early tugboats had steam engines , but today most have diesel engines . Many tugboats have firefighting monitors , allowing them to assist in firefighting , especially in harbors .'}]}, {'value': '4 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U 2518', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nazi Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nazi_Germany', 'summary': "Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945 , when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) controlled the country through a dictatorship . Under Hitler 's rule , Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government . The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich ( German Reich ) until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich ( Greater German Reich ) from 1943 to 1945 . Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich ( Drittes Reich ) , meaning Third Realm or Third Empire , the first two being the Holy Roman Empire ( 800-1806 ) and the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) . The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic , Paul von Hindenburg , on 30 January 1933 . The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power . Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency . A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer ( leader ) of Germany . All power was centralised in Hitler 's person and his word became the highest law . The government was not a coordinated , co-operating body , but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler 's favour . In the midst of the Great Depression , the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy ."}]}, {'value': 'Blohm + Voss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blohm_+_Voss', 'summary': 'Blohm+Voss ( B+V ) , also written historically as Blohm & Voss , Blohm und Voß etc. , is a German shipbuilding and engineering company . Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialise in steel-hulled ships , its most famous product is the World War II battleship Bismarck . In the 1930s its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which , shortly before the outbreak of World War II , adopted the name of its parent company . Following a difficult period after the war , B+V revived its fortunes by becoming a public company under a change of ownership . In 2016 it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and continues to supply both the military and civil markets . The company also carries out related activities , managing a dockyard in Hamburg and undertaking maintenance and repair of large cruise ships . Since the acquisition , it has been concentrated in three areas : warships ( new construction ) , cruise ships and merchants ( repairs ) and yacht refitting . The company has been in operation , building ships and other large machinery , almost continuously for 143 years .'}]}, {'value': 'Hamburg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Type XXI submarine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Type_XXI_submarine', 'summary': 'Type XXI submarines were a class of German diesel-electric Elektroboot ( German : electric boat ) submarines designed during the Second World War . One hundred and eighteen were completed , with four being combat ready . During the war only two were put into active service and went on patrols , but these were not used in combat . They were the first submarines designed to operate primarily submerged , rather than spending most of their time as surface ships that could submerge for brief periods as a means to escape detection . They incorporated many batteries to increase the time they could spend submerged , to as much as several days , and they only needed to surface to periscope depth for recharging via a snorkel . The design included many general improvements as well : much greater underwater speed by an improved hull design , greatly improved diving times , power-assisted torpedo reloading and greatly improved crew accommodations . However , the design was also flawed in many ways , with the submarines being mechanically unreliable and vulnerable to combat damage . The Type XXI submarines were also rushed into production before design work was complete , and the inexperienced facilities which constructed the boats were unable to meet necessary quality standards . After the war , several navies obtained XXIs and operated them for decades in various roles and large navies introduced new submarine designs based on them . These include the Soviet Whiskey , US Tang , UK Porpoise and Swedish Hajen classes , all based on the Type XXI design to some extent .'}]}, {'value': '5 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kermit Roosevelt', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bethlehem-Fairfield_Shipyards', 'summary': 'Bethlehem Steel Corporation Shipbuilding Division was created in 1905 when the Bethlehem Steel Corporation of Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , acquired the San Francisco shipyard Union Iron Works . In 1917 it was incorporated as Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Limited . Headquarters were in Quincy , Massachusetts , after acquiring the Fore River Shipyard in 1913 , and later in Sparrows Point , Maryland , southeast of Baltimore , Maryland , in formerly rural/now suburban Baltimore County , ( acquired 1916 ) , in 1964 . In 1940 , it was number 1 of the Big Three U.S. shipbuilders who could build any ship . Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock and New York Shipbuilding Corporation ( New York Ship ) were # 2 and # 3 . Bethlehem had 4 yards in early 1940 : Fore River , Sparrows Point , San Francisco , and Staten Island . Bethlehem expanded during World War II as a result of the Emergency Shipbuilding program administered under the United States Maritime Commission . The Quincy / Fore River yard was later sold to General Dynamics Corporation in the mid-1960s , and closed in 1986 . The Alameda Works Shipyard in California was closed by Bethlehem Steel in the early 1970s , while the San Francisco facility ( former Union Iron Works ) was sold to British Aerospace in the mid-1990s and survives today as BAE Systems San Francisco Ship Repair . Bethlehem Steel ceased shipbuilding activities in 1997 in an attempt to preserve its core steel making operations .'}]}, {'value': 'Baltimore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland', 'summary': "Baltimore ( /ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or , locally : /ˈbɔːlmər/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland , as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States , with a population of 602,495 in 2018 and also the largest such independent city in the country . Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland as an independent city in 1729 . As of 2017 , the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million , making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country . Baltimore is located about 40 miles ( 64 km ) northeast of Washington , D.C. , making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area ( CSA ) , the fourth-largest CSA in the nation , with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063 . The city 's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States . In addition , Baltimore was a major manufacturing center . After a decline in major manufacturing , heavy industry , and restructuring of the rail industry , Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy . Johns Hopkins Hospital ( founded 1889 ) and Johns Hopkins University ( founded 1876 ) are the city 's top two employers . With hundreds of identified districts , Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods . Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe , Edith Hamilton , Frederick Douglass , W.E.B . Du Bois , Ogden Nash , Gertrude Stein , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Dashiell Hammett , Upton Sinclair , Tom Clancy , Ta-Nehisi Coates , and H. L. Mencken ; musicians James Eubie Blake , Billie Holiday , Cab Calloway , Tori Amos , Frank Zappa , Tupac Shakur , Dan Deacon , Robbie Basho , Bill Frisell , Philip Glass , Cass Elliot , and Ric Ocasek ; actors and filmmakers John Waters , Barry Levinson , Divine , David Hasselhoff , Don Messick , John Kassir , Jada Pinkett Smith , and Mo'Nique ; artist Jeff Koons ; baseball player Babe Ruth ; swimmer Michael Phelps ; radio host Ira Glass ; television host Mike Rowe ; Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall ; Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi ; and United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson . During the War of 1812 , Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner in Baltimore after the bombardment of Fort McHenry ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberty ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_ship', 'summary': 'Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .'}]}, {'value': '5 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Mills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SS_Robert_Mills', 'summary': "SS Robert Mills was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Robert Mills , a South Carolina architect known for designing both the first Washington Monument , located in Baltimore , Maryland , as well as the better known Washington Monument in the nation 's capital , Washington , DC ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Johns_River_Shipbuilding_Company', 'summary': 'The St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company was created in Jacksonville , Florida , during World War II to build Liberty ships .'}]}, {'value': 'Jacksonville , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida', 'summary': "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida as well as the southeastern United States , and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . It is the seat of Duval County , with which the city government consolidated in 1968 . Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits . As of 2018 , Jacksonville 's population was estimated to be 903,889 . The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,523,615 and is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Florida . Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeast Florida , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) south of the Georgia state line and 328 miles ( 528 km ) north of Miami . The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast . The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people , and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline , one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States . Under British rule , a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed , known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British . A platted town was established there in 1822 , a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain ; it was named after Andrew Jackson , the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States . Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port . Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport , Naval Air Station Jacksonville , the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command , and the Port of Jacksonville , Florida 's third largest seaport ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberty ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_ship', 'summary': 'Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .'}]}, {'value': '5 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Albans Victory', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bethlehem-Fairfield_Shipyards', 'summary': 'Bethlehem Steel Corporation Shipbuilding Division was created in 1905 when the Bethlehem Steel Corporation of Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , acquired the San Francisco shipyard Union Iron Works . In 1917 it was incorporated as Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Limited . Headquarters were in Quincy , Massachusetts , after acquiring the Fore River Shipyard in 1913 , and later in Sparrows Point , Maryland , southeast of Baltimore , Maryland , in formerly rural/now suburban Baltimore County , ( acquired 1916 ) , in 1964 . In 1940 , it was number 1 of the Big Three U.S. shipbuilders who could build any ship . Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock and New York Shipbuilding Corporation ( New York Ship ) were # 2 and # 3 . Bethlehem had 4 yards in early 1940 : Fore River , Sparrows Point , San Francisco , and Staten Island . Bethlehem expanded during World War II as a result of the Emergency Shipbuilding program administered under the United States Maritime Commission . The Quincy / Fore River yard was later sold to General Dynamics Corporation in the mid-1960s , and closed in 1986 . The Alameda Works Shipyard in California was closed by Bethlehem Steel in the early 1970s , while the San Francisco facility ( former Union Iron Works ) was sold to British Aerospace in the mid-1990s and survives today as BAE Systems San Francisco Ship Repair . Bethlehem Steel ceased shipbuilding activities in 1997 in an attempt to preserve its core steel making operations .'}]}, {'value': 'Baltimore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland', 'summary': "Baltimore ( /ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or , locally : /ˈbɔːlmər/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland , as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States , with a population of 602,495 in 2018 and also the largest such independent city in the country . Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland as an independent city in 1729 . As of 2017 , the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million , making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country . Baltimore is located about 40 miles ( 64 km ) northeast of Washington , D.C. , making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area ( CSA ) , the fourth-largest CSA in the nation , with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063 . The city 's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States . In addition , Baltimore was a major manufacturing center . After a decline in major manufacturing , heavy industry , and restructuring of the rail industry , Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy . Johns Hopkins Hospital ( founded 1889 ) and Johns Hopkins University ( founded 1876 ) are the city 's top two employers . With hundreds of identified districts , Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods . Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe , Edith Hamilton , Frederick Douglass , W.E.B . Du Bois , Ogden Nash , Gertrude Stein , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Dashiell Hammett , Upton Sinclair , Tom Clancy , Ta-Nehisi Coates , and H. L. Mencken ; musicians James Eubie Blake , Billie Holiday , Cab Calloway , Tori Amos , Frank Zappa , Tupac Shakur , Dan Deacon , Robbie Basho , Bill Frisell , Philip Glass , Cass Elliot , and Ric Ocasek ; actors and filmmakers John Waters , Barry Levinson , Divine , David Hasselhoff , Don Messick , John Kassir , Jada Pinkett Smith , and Mo'Nique ; artist Jeff Koons ; baseball player Babe Ruth ; swimmer Michael Phelps ; radio host Ira Glass ; television host Mike Rowe ; Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall ; Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi ; and United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson . During the War of 1812 , Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner in Baltimore after the bombardment of Fort McHenry ."}]}, {'value': 'Victory ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victory_ship', 'summary': 'The Victory ship was a class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by North American shipyards during World War II to replace losses caused by German submarines . They were a more modern design compared to the earlier Liberty ship , were slightly larger and had more powerful steam turbine engines giving higher speed to allow participation in high speed convoys and make them more difficult targets for German U-boats . A total of 531 Victory ships were built .'}]}, {'value': '5 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William H. Edwards', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Shipbuilding_Corporation', 'summary': 'The Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation was formed in Savannah , Georgia , during World War II to build Liberty ships .'}]}, {'value': 'Savannah , Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia', 'summary': "Savannah ( /səˈvænə/ ) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County . Established in 1733 on the Savannah River , the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia . A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War , Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport . It is Georgia 's fifth-largest city , with a 2018 estimated population of 145,862 . The Savannah metropolitan area , Georgia 's third-largest , had an estimated population of 389,494 in 2018 . Each year Savannah attracts millions of visitors to its cobblestone streets , parks , and notable historic buildings . These buildings include the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low ( founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA ) , the Georgia Historical Society ( the oldest continually operating historical society in the South ) , the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences ( one of the South 's first public museums ) , the First African Baptist Church ( one of the oldest African-American Baptist congregations in the United States ) , Temple Mickve Israel ( the third-oldest synagogue in the U.S. ) , and the Central of Georgia Railway roundhouse complex ( the oldest standing antebellum rail facility in the U.S. ) . Savannah 's downtown area , which includes the Savannah Historic District , the Savannah Victorian Historic District , and 22 parklike squares , is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States ( designated by the U.S. government in 1966 ) . [ a ] Downtown Savannah largely retains the original town plan prescribed by founder James Oglethorpe ( a design now known as the Oglethorpe Plan ) . Savannah was the host city for the sailing competitions during the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberty ship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_ship', 'summary': 'Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .'}]}, {'value': '5 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fond du Lac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Fond_du_Lac_(APA-166)', 'summary': 'USS Fond du Lac ( APA-166 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Oregon Shipbuilding Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon_Shipbuilding_Company', 'summary': 'Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation was a World War II emergency shipyard located along the Willamette River in Portland , Oregon , United States . The shipyard built nearly 600 Liberty and Victory ships between 1941 and 1945 under the Emergency Shipbuilding program . It was closed after the war ended . The shipyard , one of three Kaiser Shipyards in the area , was in the St. Johns neighborhood of North Portland . The two others were the Swan Island Shipyard , located several miles upriver on Swan Island ; and the Vancouver Shipyard , located across the Columbia River from Portland in Vancouver , Washington . Among the ships built by Oregon Shipbuilding was the Star of Oregon , which was launched on Liberty Fleet Day , September 27 , 1941 . The rapid expansion of Portland area shipyards during World War II and contraction afterward caused similar expansion and contraction of the population of Vanport City , Oregon , which was also built by Henry J. Kaiser to house the workers of the three area shipyards . The former site of Oregon Shipbuilding in St. Johns is now Schnitzer Steel Industries .'}]}, {'value': 'Portland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland,_Oregon', 'summary': "Portland ( /ˈpɔːrtlənd/ ; PORT-lənd ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County . It is a major port in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest , at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers . As of 2018 , Portland had an estimated population of 653,115 , making it the 25th most populated city in the United States , and the second-most populous in the Pacific Northwest after Seattle . Approximately 2.4 million people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) , making it the 25th most populous in the United States . Its combined statistical area ( CSA ) ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2 million . Approximately 60% of Oregon 's population resides within the Portland metropolitan area . [ a ] Named after Portland , Maine , the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail . Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods , and the timber industry was a major force in the city 's early economy . At the turn of the 20th century , the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world , a hub for organized crime and racketeering . After the city 's economy experienced an industrial boom during World War II , its hard-edged reputation began to dissipate . Beginning in the 1960s , Portland became noted for its growing progressive political values , earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture . The city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro , the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Haskell -class attack transport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haskell-class_attack_transport', 'summary': "Haskell-class attack transports ( APA ) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944 . They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment , and land them on hostile shores with the ships ' integral landing craft . The Haskells were very active in the World War II Pacific Theater of Operations , landing Marines and Army troops and transporting casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa . Ships of the class were among the first Allied ships to enter Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II , landing the first occupation troops at Yokosuka . After the end of World War II , most participated in Operation Magic Carpet , the massive sealift of US personnel back to the United States . A few of the Haskell class were reactivated for the Korean War , with some staying in service into the Vietnam War . The Haskell class , Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5 , is a sub - type of the World War II Victory ship design . 117 were launched in 1944 and 1945 , with 14 more being finished as another VC2 type or canceled . Built by the War Shipping Administration under the Emergency Shipbuilding program ."}]}, {'value': '5 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empire Barbara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Empire_ships_-_B', 'summary': 'Hundreds of Empire ships were employed by the Government of the United Kingdom . They were acquired from a number of sources : many were built for the government ; others obtained from the United States ; still others were captured or seized from enemy powers . Empire ships were mostly used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines ; however , some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also named as Empire ships . Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped ; however a few still remain in active service or preserved .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Cochrane & Sons Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selby', 'summary': 'Selby is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire , England , 14 miles ( 22.5 km ) south of York on the River Ouse , with a population at the 2011 census of 14,731 . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , Selby once had a large shipbuilding industry , and was an important port on the Selby Canal which brought trade from Leeds . Selby Town F.C . play in the Northern Counties East Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'Tug', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tugboat', 'summary': 'A tugboat or tug is a type of vessel that maneuvers other vessels by pushing or pulling them either by direct contact or by means of a tow line . Tugs typically move vessels that either are restricted in their ability to maneuver on their own , such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal , or those that can not move by themselves , such as barges , disabled ships , log rafts , or oil platforms . Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built , and some are ocean-going . Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats . Early tugboats had steam engines , but today most have diesel engines . Many tugboats have firefighting monitors , allowing them to assist in firefighting , especially in harbors .'}]}], 'section_title': 'October', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_ship_launches_in_1944_8', 'intro': 'This list of ship launches in 1944 is a list of some of the ships launched in 1944.'} | null | null | What is the name of the ship whose builder started as Cleveland Shipbuilding in Cleveland , Ohio in 1888 ? | J. Rufino Barrios |
0bbb897332de34d2 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP_postcode_area', 'title': 'NP postcode area', 'header': ['Postcode district', 'Post town', 'Coverage', 'Local authority area'], 'data': [{'value': 'NP4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PONTYPOOL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pontypool , Blaenavon , Little Mill , Griffithstown , parts of Glascoed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pontypool', 'summary': 'Pontypool ( Welsh : Pont-y-pŵl [ ˌpɔntəˈpuːl ] ) is a town that is home to approximately 36,000 people in the county borough of Torfaen , within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire in South Wales .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Blaenavon', 'summary': 'Blaenavon ( Welsh : Blaenafon ) is a town and community in south eastern Wales , lying at the source of the Afon Lwyd north of Pontypool , within the boundaries of the historic county of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent . The town lies high on a hillside and has a population of 6,055 . Parts of the town and surrounding country form the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape , inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Little_Mill,_Monmouthshire', 'summary': 'Little Mill ( Welsh : Y Felin Fach ) is a village in Monmouthshire , south east Wales , United Kingdom . The village has grown in size in recent years and has as a result a population of over 1,000 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Griffithstown', 'summary': "Griffithstown is a large community of Pontypool in the borough of Torfaen , Wales , within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire . It is an ecclesiastical parish , formed in May 1898 , from Llanfrechfa Upper and Panteg , and includes Sebastopol , but , under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1894 , became a separate civil parish . It is situated between two other Pontypool suburbs : Pontymoile to the north and Sebastopol to the south and is within walking distance of Pontypool and Cwmbran and a short commute from Newport and Cardiff . It is named after the first station master of Pontypool and New Inn railway station ( then known as Pontypool Road ) , Henry Griffiths . Griffiths founded a 'terminating ' Building Society to finance the construction of houses in the village so that his workforce could become freehold owner-occupiers , rather than constructing rental or leasehold housing as was the more usual practice in industrial South Wales and Monmouthshire . He lived in the substantial St. Dunstan 's House ( now demolished ) on what is now Commercial Street and his memorial is in St Hilda 's Church . Today the site is occupied by a nursing home and a modern house of the same name ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Glascoed', 'summary': 'Glascoed is a village in Monmouthshire , south east Wales , United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Torfaen , Monmouthshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Torfaen', 'summary': 'Torfaen ( /tɔːrˈvaɪn/ ; Welsh : Tor-faen [ tɔrˈvaɪn ] ) is a county borough in Wales within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire . It was originally formed in 1974 as a district of the county of Gwent and in 1996 it was reconstituted as a principal area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monmouthshire', 'summary': 'Monmouthshire ( Welsh : Sir Fynwy ) is a county in south-east Wales . The name derives from the historic county of Monmouthshire of which it covers the eastern 60% . The largest town is Abergavenny . Other towns and large villages are Caldicot , Chepstow , Monmouth , Magor and Usk . It borders Torfaen and Newport to the west ; Herefordshire and Gloucestershire to the east ; and Powys to the north .'}]}, {'value': 'NP7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ABERGAVENNY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abergavenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abergavenny', 'summary': "Abergavenny ( /ˌæbərɡəˈvɛni/ ; Welsh : Y Fenni pronounced [ ə ˈvɛnɪ ] , archaically Abergafenni meaning Mouth of the River Gavenny ) is a market town and community in Monmouthshire , Wales . Abergavenny is promoted as a Gateway to Wales . It is located on the A40 trunk road and the A465 Heads of the Valleys road and is approximately 6 miles ( 10 km ) from the border with England . Originally the site of a Roman fort , Gobannium , it became a medieval walled town within the Welsh Marches . The town contains the remains of a medieval stone castle built soon after the Norman conquest of Wales . Abergavenny is situated at the confluence of the River Usk and a tributary stream , the Gavenny . It is almost entirely surrounded by mountains and hills : the Blorenge ( 559 m , 1,834 ft ) , the Sugar Loaf , ( 596 m , 1,955 ft ) , Ysgyryd Fawr ( Great Skirrid ) , Ysgyryd Fach ( Little Skirrid ) , Deri , Rholben and Mynydd Llanwenarth , known locally as Llanwenarth Breast . Abergavenny provides access to the nearby Black Mountains and the Brecon Beacons National Park . The Offa 's Dyke Path is close by and the Marches Way , the Beacons Way and Usk Valley Walk all pass through the town . In the UK 2011 census , the six relevant wards ( Lansdown , Grofield , Castle , Croesonen , Cantref and Priory ) collectively listed Abergavenny 's population as 12,515 . The town hosted the 2016 National Eisteddfod of Wales ."}]}, {'value': 'Monmouthshire , Herefordshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herefordshire', 'summary': 'Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɪfərdʃər/ ) is a county in the West Midlands of England , governed by Herefordshire Council . It is bordered by Shropshire to the north , Worcestershire to the east , Gloucestershire to the south-east , and the Welsh counties of Monmouthshire and Powys to the west . Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town ; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement . Situated in the historic Welsh Marches , Herefordshire is one of the most rural and sparsely populated counties in England , with a population density of 82/km² ( 212/sq mi ) , and a 2017 population of 191,000 - the fourth-smallest of any ceremonial county in England . The land use is mostly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production , and the Hereford cattle breed .'}]}, {'value': 'NP8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CRICKHOWELL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crickhowell , Ffawyddog', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crickhowell', 'summary': 'Crickhowell ( /krɪkˈhaʊəl/ ; Welsh : Crug Hywel pronounced [ krɨɡˈhəu̯ɛl ] , also spelled Crughywel , or Crucywel ) is a small town and community in southeastern Powys , Wales , near Abergavenny , and was in the historic county of Brecknockshire .'}]}, {'value': 'Powys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powys', 'summary': 'Powys ( /ˈpoʊɪs , ˈpaʊɪs/ ; Welsh : [ ˈpowɪs ] ) is a principal area and county , and one of the preserved counties of Wales . It is named after the Kingdom of Powys which was a Welsh successor state , petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain .'}]}, {'value': 'NP10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NEWPORT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western Newport , including Bassaleg , Duffryn , Rogerstone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bassaleg', 'summary': 'Bassaleg ( Welsh : Basaleg ) is a small semi-urban suburb on the west side of the city of Newport , in south Wales . It lies in the Graig electoral ward and community .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duffryn', 'summary': "Duffryn ( Welsh : Dyffryn ) is a large housing estate in the southwest of the city of Newport , south Wales comprising a large portion of the Tredegar Park electoral district ( ward ) . Built on land belonging to Tredegar House , it was completed in 1978 and at the time won several awards for its design . The layout of the estate , as viewed from above , is that of large terraces undulating around a central wooded area . Originally a Council Estate , Duffryn is now a mix of private ownership and Newport City Homes RSL ( Registered Social Landlord ) properties . The design of the estate is the result of a council competition . It was won by a consortium committed to the theories of planning devised in the architecture department of Cambridge University in the 1960s . The District Amenities Centre that was planned for the south-west corner of the 96-acre site was never built , so the plan of a largely self-sufficient community was not realised . Despite the relative recent development of the estate , the name Duffryn is an ancient name for the wider township of the ancient parish of Bassaleg . Duffryn is home to two of Newport 's largest secondary schools - John Frost School and St. Joseph 's RC High School . In 2006 , John Frost School ( known then as Duffryn High School ) was the filming location of the Doctor Who episode School Reunion , filmed in late-summer 2005 . The majority of the estate is heated from an updated central boiler house ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rogerstone', 'summary': 'Rogerstone ( Welsh : Tŷ du , meaning Black house ) is a large village , ward and community ( parish ) of the city of Newport , southeastern Wales . The area is governed by the Newport City Council . The village falls within the ancient parish of Bassaleg and historic county of Monmouthshire . The parish lies at the gateway to the Sirhowy valley , to the north of Newport on the eastern side of the Ebbw River . It is bounded by the M4 motorway to the south , the Ebbw River to the west , the Henllys vale to the east and the city boundary with Caerphilly county borough to the north . Rogerstone railway station is on the Ebbw Valley Railway . It opened on 6 February 2008 and links Ebbw Vale to Cardiff Central via Rogerstone .'}]}, {'value': 'Newport', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NEWPORT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North-western Newport , including : Abercarn , Crumlin , Cwmfelinfach , Risca , Ynysddu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abercarn', 'summary': 'Abercarn is a small town and community in Caerphilly county borough , Wales . It is 10 miles ( 16 km ) northwest of Newport on the A467 between Cwmcarn and Newbridge , within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Crumlin,_Caerphilly', 'summary': 'Crumlin ( Welsh : Crymlyn ) is a town , community and an electoral ward in Caerphilly county borough in South Wales , situated in the Ebbw River valley , five miles west of Pontypool , within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cwmfelinfach', 'summary': 'Cwmfelinfach is a small village located in the Sirhowy valley of south-east Wales . It is part of the district of Caerphilly within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire . Located north of Wattsville and about 5 miles north of the nearest town Risca and south of Blackwood .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Risca', 'summary': 'Risca ( Welsh : Rhisga ) is a town of approximately 11,500 people in south-east Wales , within the Caerphilly County Borough and the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire . It is today part of the Newport conurbation ( which as a whole has a population of 140,200 ) , though it is not a Ward of Newport City Council . Risca has a railway station , opened on the Ebbw Valley Railway in February 2008 , after a gap of 46 years . It is split into two communities Risca East and Risca West . The town lies at the south-eastern edge of the South Wales Coalfield and the town has been shaped by mining , together with other heavy industries , for many centuries . Risca is home to Ty-Sign , which is a large housing estate built in the early 1960s as a satellite village for the then new Llanwern steelworks . Risca has a rural aspect and is surrounded to the east and west by several extensively wooded hills including Mynydd Machen ( 1,188 ft/362m ) and Twmbarlwm ( 1,375 ft/419m ) which attract tourists for the hillwalking and mountain bikers to Cwmcarn Forest Drive .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ynysddu', 'summary': 'Ynysddu is a small village and community in the Sirhowy valley of south-east Wales . It is part of the district of Caerphilly within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire . It is next to Cwmfelinfach , 4.3 miles ( 6.8 km ) north of the town of Risca and 4 miles ( 5.1 km ) south of the market town of Blackwood , about 10 minutes by road from the M4 motorway and 35 minutes from the Severn Bridge . The electorate in 2008 was 2,905 , increasing to 3,948 at the 2011 Census .'}]}, {'value': 'Caerphilly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caerphilly_(county_borough)', 'summary': 'Caerphilly ( Welsh : Caerffili ; [ kɑːɨrˈfɪli ] ) is a county borough in southern Wales , straddling the ancient county boundary between Glamorgan and Monmouthshire . It is governed by Caerphilly County Borough Council . Its main and largest town is Caerphilly . Other towns in the county borough are Bedwas , Risca , Ystrad Mynach , Newbridge , Blackwood , Bargoed , New Tredegar and Rhymney .'}]}, {'value': 'NP12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BLACKWOOD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blackwood , Pontllanfraith , Wyllie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blackwood,_Caerphilly', 'summary': 'Blackwood ( Welsh : Coed Duon ) is a town , community and an electoral ward on the Sirhowy River in the South Wales Valleys administered as part of Caerphilly County Borough . It is located within the historic county of Monmouthshire . The town houses a growing number of light industrial and high-tech firms . It is the home town of influential rock band Manic Street Preachers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pontllanfraith', 'summary': 'Pontllanfraith ( Welsh : Pontllan-fraith ) is a large village and community located in the Sirhowy Valley in Caerphilly county borough , Wales , within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire . It is situated adjacent to the town of Blackwood , with the Sirhowy River passing through both locations . The village includes the communities of the Penllwyn , Springfield , Woodfieldside and The Bryn . The population of the community at the 2011 census was 8,552 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wyllie', 'summary': 'Wyllie is a surname . Notable people with the surname include :'}]}, {'value': 'Caerphilly', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ABERTILLERY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abertillery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abertillery', 'summary': 'Abertillery ( /ˌæbərtɪˈlɛəri/ ; Welsh : Abertyleri , meaning mouth of the River Tyleri ) is the largest town and a community of the Ebbw Fach valley in the historic county of Monmouthshire , Wales . Following local government reorganisation it became part of the Blaenau Gwent County Borough administrative area . The surrounding landscape borders the Brecon Beacons National Park and the Blaenavon World heritage Site . Formerly a major coal mining centre the Abertillery area was transformed in the 1990s using EU and other funding to return to a greener environment . Situated on the A467 the town is 15 miles ( 24 km ) north of the M4 and 5 miles ( 8 km ) south of the A465 Heads of the Valleys trunk road . It is about 25 miles ( 40 km ) by road from Cardiff and 47 miles ( 76 km ) from Bristol . According to the 2001 Census and information gathered by The Welsh Language Board ( Welsh : Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg ) , 1,146 ( 9.9% ) of Abertillery speaks Welsh . In the 2011 Census , this figure dropped to 7.2% , a 2.7 percentage point drop .'}]}, {'value': 'Blaenau Gwent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blaenau_Gwent', 'summary': 'Blaenau Gwent ( /ˌblaɪnaɪ ˈɡwɛnt/ ; Welsh : [ ˈbləi.nai ] ) is a county borough in Wales , sharing its name with a parliamentary constituency . It borders the unitary authority areas of Monmouthshire and Torfaen to the east , Caerphilly to the west and Powys to the north . Its main towns are Abertillery , Brynmawr , Ebbw Vale and Tredegar . Its highest point is Coity Mountain at 1,896 feet ( 578 m ) .'}]}, {'value': 'NP15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Usk , Raglan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Usk', 'summary': 'Usk ( Welsh : Brynbuga ) is a town and community in Monmouthshire , Wales , 10 miles ( 16 km ) northeast of Newport .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Raglan,_Monmouthshire', 'summary': 'Raglan ( Welsh : Rhaglan ) is a village and community in Monmouthshire , south east Wales , United Kingdom . It is located some 9 miles south-west of Monmouth , midway between Monmouth and Abergavenny on the A40 road very near to the junction with the A449 road . The fame of the village derives from its castle , Raglan Castle , built for William ap Thomas and now maintained by Cadw .'}]}, {'value': 'Monmouthshire', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CHEPSTOW', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chepstow , Sedbury , Beachley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chepstow', 'summary': 'Chepstow ( Welsh : Cas-gwent ) is a town and community in Monmouthshire , Wales , adjoining the border with Gloucestershire , England . It is located on the River Wye , about 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) above its confluence with the River Severn , and adjoining the western end of the Severn Bridge . It is 16 miles ( 26 km ) east of Newport , 28 miles ( 45 km ) east-northeast of Cardiff , 18 miles ( 29 km ) northwest of Bristol and 110 miles ( 180 km ) west of London . Chepstow Castle , situated on a clifftop above the Wye and its bridge , is often cited as the oldest surviving stone castle in Britain . The castle was established by William FitzOsbern immediately after the Norman conquest , and was extended in later centuries before becoming ruined after the Civil War . A Benedictine priory was also established within the walled town , which was the centre of the Marcher lordship of Striguil . The port of Chepstow became noted in the Middle Ages for its imports of wine , and also became a major centre for the export of timber and bark , from nearby woodland in the Wye valley and Forest of Dean . In the late eighteenth century the town was a focus of early tourism as part of the Wye Tour , and the tourist industry remains important . Other important industries included shipbuilding - one of the First World War National Shipyards was established in the town - and heavy engineering , including the prefabrication of bridges and wind turbine towers . Chepstow is also well known for its racecourse , which has hosted the Welsh National each year since 1949 . The town had a population of 10,821 according to the 2001 census , increasing to 12,350 at the 2011 census . It is served by the M48 motorway , and its accessibility to the cities of Bristol , Newport and Cardiff means it has a large number of commuters .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sedbury', 'summary': 'Sedbury is a village in the Forest of Dean district of west Gloucestershire , England . It is located on the eastern bank of the River Wye , facing the town of Chepstow in Monmouthshire . The village is in the parish of Tidenham .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Beachley', 'summary': 'Beachley is a village in Gloucestershire , England , near the border with Wales . It is located on a peninsula at the confluence of the rivers Wye and Severn , where the Severn Bridge ends and the smaller secondary bridge for the River Wye begins , both bridges carrying the M48 motorway between England and Wales though the motorway is not directly accessible from the village . The tidal range on this stretch of water is the highest in the UK . Before the construction of the bridge it was a ferry port from where the Aust Ferry operated until 1966 .'}]}, {'value': 'Monmouthshire , Forest of Dean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forest_of_Dean_(district)', 'summary': 'Forest of Dean is a local government district in Gloucestershire , England , named after the Forest of Dean . Its council is based in Coleford . Other towns and villages in the district include Blakeney , Cinderford , Drybrook , English Bicknor , Huntley , Littledean , Longhope , Lea , Lydbrook , Lydney , Mitcheldean , Newnham and Newent The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , as a merger of the East Dean Rural District , Lydney Rural District , Newent Rural District and West Dean Rural District , and from Gloucester Rural District the parishes of Newnham and Westbury-on-Severn .'}]}, {'value': 'NP18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NEWPORT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastern Newport , including Caerleon , Langstone , Llanwern , Nash , Llandegveth Underwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caerleon', 'summary': 'Caerleon ( /kərˈliːən/ ; Welsh : Caerllion ) is a suburban town and community , situated on the River Usk in the northern outskirts of the city of Newport , Wales . Caerleon is a site of archaeological importance , being the location of a notable Roman legionary fortress , Isca Augusta , and an Iron Age hillfort . The Wales National Roman Legion Museum and Roman Baths Museum are in Caerleon close to the remains of Isca Augusta . The town also has strong historical and literary associations , as Geoffrey of Monmouth elevated the significance of Caerleon as a major centre of British history in his Historia Regum Britanniæ , and Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote Idylls of the King while staying there .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Langstone,_Newport', 'summary': 'Langstone is an electoral ward and smaller village and community of the city of Newport , Wales . The area is governed by the Newport City Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Llanwern', 'summary': 'Llanwern is an electoral ward and community in the eastern urban-rural fringe of the City of Newport , South East Wales . Llanwern ward is bounded by the M4 and Langstone to the north , Ringland , Lliswerry and the River Usk to the west , the River Severn to the south and the city boundary to the east . The ward includes Bishton , Goldcliff , Whitson and Redwick , as well as the community of Llanwern ( population 333 ) , which contains Llanwern village and the western half of the site of Llanwern steelworks . The area is governed by the Newport City Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nash,_Newport', 'summary': 'Nash ( Welsh : Trefonnen ) is a village and community to the south of the city of Newport , South Wales , in the Liswerry ward .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Llandegveth', 'summary': 'Llandegveth ( Welsh : Llandegfedd ) is a village in Monmouthshire , south east Wales , United Kingdom .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Underwood,_Newport', 'summary': 'Underwood is a community in the city of Newport , South East Wales . It is an early 1960s council housing estate that consists of houses , shops , a leisure centre , Baptist church and social club . The leisure centre is now up for sale .'}]}, {'value': 'Newport , Monmouthshire , Torfaen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NEWPORT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastern and East Central Newport , including : Beechwood , Maindee , St. Julians , Ringland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beechwood,_Newport', 'summary': 'Beechwood is an electoral district ( ward ) and coterminous community ( parish ) of the city of Newport . The ward is bounded by the River Usk to the north , Renoir Road , Beechwood Road , Chepstow Road and Windsor Road to the east , the Great Western Main Line to the south , and Victoria Avenue , Norfolk Road , Avalon Drive , behind Reynolds Close , Badminton Road , and east of The Moorings to the west . The area is governed by the Newport City Council . The ward contains , and is named after Beechwood Park .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maindee', 'summary': "Maindee ( Welsh : Maendy ) is a large inner-city commercial and residential area in the city of Newport , South Wales . It lies on the eastern side of the River Usk , mostly within the electoral district ( ward ) of Victoria , although some areas traditionally associated with Maindee are in the Beechwood ward . The name 'Maindee ' is an anglicised version of Maendy meaning 'stone house ' . Maindee is home to a sizeable Asian-Muslim population with three mosques located in the area . A large selection of shops are located on Chepstow Road , Corporation Road and Church Road . A station of Gwent Police and a public library are located on Chepstow Road . A station of South Wales Fire and Rescue Service is also located in Maindee . The annual Maindee Festival and Parade , held each Summer since 1996 , is a popular community arts event for all residents in Newport . The former Maindee Pools is an Art Deco building . The disused empty swimming pool has been used for location shots in the BBC TV series Being Human . Maindee Unlimited , a community-led regeneration charity for the Maindee area , was formed in 2014 . It re-opened Llyfrgell Maindee Library for community use in October 2015 ."}, {'url': "/wiki/St._Julian's,_Newport", 'summary': "St Julians ( Welsh : Sain Silian ) is an electoral district ( ward ) and coterminous community of the City of Newport , South Wales . The ward is bounded by the River Usk to the west and north , The Moorings , Badminton Road , Reynolds Close , Rembrandt Way , Constable Drive , Heather Road , Kelly Road , Merlin Crescent , Avalon Drive , across St Julian 's Road and Norfolk Road to the east , Christchurch Road , Church Road , Clarence Place and Newport Bridge to the south . The ward includes the districts of Barnardtown , Riverside , and most of St. Julians ( the rest being in Beechwood ward ) . The area is governed by the Newport City Council ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ringland,_Newport', 'summary': 'Ringland is both an electoral ward ( district ) and community ( parish ) of the city of Newport , South Wales . The ward is bounded by Ringland Way to the east , the southern boundary of Llanwern High School to the south , Balfe Rd , Aberthaw Rd , Ringland Circle , Ringwood Avenue , across Chepstow Rd , Mountbatten close and behind Chiltern Close and Glanwern Grove to the west and the M4 motorway to the north . Most of the houses and flats and shopping centre were built by the local council during the 1950s and 1960s , most of houses have generous sized gardens . Ringland is close to junction 24 of the motorway also 12 minutes drive from Newport Railway Station . Ringland has green spaces around the area including Ringland Wood run by the Woodland Trust . PLANS to transform Ringland into an attractive , vibrant and modern community have been submitted by Newport City Homes ( NCH ) . The multi-million pound plans were submitted at the end of November 2017 . Unemployment and crime levels in Ringland are above the national average since the decline of the Llanwern steelworks . It is home to the 5-star Celtic Manor Resort on the north side of the M4 . There were plans proposed in 2015 to invest in improvements to the shopping centre . In 2017 a permanent site for travellers or gypsies was created on Hartridge Farm Road . Archaeological remains dating from the Iron Age and Roman periods were found during the development .'}]}, {'value': 'Newport', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NEWPORT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western and West Central Newport , including : City centre , Pill , Maesglas , Crindau , Malpas , Bettws', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newport_city_centre', 'summary': 'Newport city centre is traditionally regarded as the area of Newport , Wales bounded by the west bank of the River Usk , the George Street Bridge , the eastern flank of Stow Hill and the South Wales Main Line . Most of the city centre is contained within two conservation areas : the central area and the area around Lower Dock Street . Most of the city centre is located in the Stow Hill district .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pillgwenlly', 'summary': 'Pillgwenlly ( Welsh : Pillgwenlli ) , usually known as Pill , is an electoral district ( ward ) and coterminous community parish in the city of Newport , South Wales . The area is governed by the Newport City Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maesglas', 'summary': 'Maesglas is a neighbourhood in the south west of the city of Newport , South Wales . In the 16th century it was recorded as Greenfield but the Welsh language name Maesglas has remained the more widely used , among English speakers . It is located in the Gaer ward directly north of the A48 Southern Distributor Road , south of Cardiff Road and south west of the South Wales Main Line railway . The Newport-born author Leslie Thomas wrote of Maesglas :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Crindau', 'summary': 'Crindau ( Welsh : Crindai ) is an older inner-city area just north of the city centre in Newport in south-east Wales . It lies within the Shaftesbury electoral district ( ward ) and community ( parish ) . Crindau is roughly bounded by the Monmouthshire canal to the west , the M4 motorway to the north , River Usk to the east and South Wales Main Line to the south . It is bisected by the elevated section of the A4042 road . The district is well-served in transport terms as it contains junction 26 and 25a of the M4 as well as the A4042 and A4051 roads . There is a regular Newport Bus service from Malpas and Bettws to the city centre . To the eastern side , adjoining the river is Shaftesbury Park , which was the original home of Newport Rugby Club before they moved to the Newport Athletics and Cricket Club site at Rodney Parade . A cycle and pedestrian walkway alongside the River Usk links Newport city centre to the centre of Caerleon along National Cycle Route 88 . There is a marked heritage trail in Caerleon . Crindau is well served by a number of churches providing a cross-section of Christian traditions including Malpas Road Evangelical Church , Crindau Community Church , Shaftesbury Methodist Church and All Saints Church .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Malpas,_Newport', 'summary': 'Malpas is an electoral district ( ward ) and coterminous community ( parish ) of the city of Newport , South Wales . The area is governed by the Newport City Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bettws,_Newport', 'summary': 'Bettws ( Welsh : Betws ) is a large modern housing estate , electoral ward and coterminous community ( parish ) of the city of Newport , South Wales .'}]}, {'value': 'Newport', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TREDEGAR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tredegar , Rhymney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tredegar', 'summary': "Tredegar ( pronounced /trɪˈdiːɡər/ , Welsh : [ trɛˈdeːɡar ] ) is a town and community situated on the banks of the Sirhowy River in the county borough of Blaenau Gwent , in the southeast of Wales . Within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire , it became an early centre of the Industrial Revolution in Wales . The historic Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond , Virginia , United States was named in honour of the town . The relevant wards ( Tredegar Central and West , Sirhowy and Georgetown ) collectively listed the town 's population as 15,103 in the UK 2011 census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rhymney', 'summary': "Rhymney ( /ˈrʌmni/ ; Welsh : Rhymni [ ˈr̥əmnɪ ] ) is a town and a community located in the county borough of Caerphilly in South Wales , within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire . Along with the villages of Pontlottyn , Fochriw , Abertysswg , Deri and New Tredegar , Rhymney is designated as the 'Upper Rhymney Valley ' by the local Unitary Authority , Caerphilly County Borough Council . As a community , Rhymney includes the town of Rhymney , Pontlottyn , Abertysswg , Butetown and Twyncarno . Rhymney is known to many outside Wales as a result of the song The Bells of Rhymney , a musical adaptation of a poem by Idris Davies ."}]}, {'value': 'Blaenau Gwent , Caerphilly', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EBBW VALE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ebbw Vale , Brynmawr , Cwm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ebbw_Vale', 'summary': 'Ebbw Vale ( /ˈɛbuː veɪl/ ; Welsh : Glyn Ebwy ) is a town at the head of the valley formed by the Ebbw Fawr tributary of the Ebbw River in Wales . It is the largest town and the administrative centre of Blaenau Gwent county borough . The Ebbw Vale and Brynmawr conurbation has a population of roughly 33,000 . It has direct access to the dualled A465 Heads of the Valleys trunk road and borders the Brecon Beacons National Park .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Brynmawr', 'summary': "Brynmawr ( /brɪnˈmaʊər/ ; Welsh : [ brɨnˈmaur ] , from Welsh , meaning 'big hill ' , is a market town , community and electoral ward in Blaenau Gwent , Wales . The town , sometimes cited as the highest town in Wales , is situated at 1,250 to 1,500 feet ( 380 to 460 m ) above sea level at the head of the South Wales Valleys . It grew with the development of the coal mining and iron industries in the early 19th century . Until the reorganisation of local authorities in 1974 , Brynmawr was administered as part of the county of Brecknockshire ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cwm,_Blaenau_Gwent', 'summary': "Cwm ( from Welsh Y Cwm , meaning ' ( the ) valley ' ) is a former coal mining village , community and electoral ward three miles ( 4.8 km ) south of Ebbw Vale in the county borough of Blaenau Gwent , Wales , within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire , United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Blaenau Gwent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NEW TREDEGAR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Tredegar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Tredegar', 'summary': "New Tredegar ( Welsh : Tredegar Newydd ) is a former mining town and community in the Rhymney Valley , Caerphilly county borough , Wales , within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire . New Tredegar is now home to 'The Winding House ' , a county museum which opened in 2008 . It is controlled by CCBC Museums service and the Friends of the Winding House community group . The area is rich in the mining heritage of the South Wales mining industry . The area is supported by two primary schools ; White Rose Primary school and Phillipstown Primary school . The area also contains a number of religious buildings including ; Saint Dingat 's Church and the Presbyterian Church of Wales . Along with other parts of Rhymney , New Tredegar was one of the last areas within Monmouthshire to retain the Welsh Language , with native speakers using the language in shops and banks into the 1970s . Welsh-only monuments in the local cemetery testify to the strength of the language locally in the first quarter of the 20th century ."}]}, {'value': 'Caerphilly', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MONMOUTH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monmouth , Wyesham , Redbrook , Welsh Newton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monmouth', 'summary': "Monmouth ( /ˈmɒnməθ/ MON-məth , /ˈmʌn-/ MUN- ; Welsh : Trefynwy meaning town on the Monnow ) is the historic county town of Monmouthshire in Wales and also a community . Situated where the River Monnow joins the River Wye , 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) of the border with England . The town is 30 miles ( 48 km ) northeast of Cardiff , and 113 miles ( 182 km ) west of London . It is within the Monmouthshire local authority , and the parliamentary constituency of Monmouth . Monmouth 's population in the 2011 census was 10,508 , rising from 8,877 in 2001 . The town was the site of a small Roman fort , Blestium , and became established after the Normans built a castle here after 1067 . Its medieval stone gated bridge is the only one of its type remaining in Britain . The castle later came into the possession of the House of Lancaster , and was the birthplace of King Henry V in 1387 . In 1536 , it became the county town of Monmouthshire . A market town and a focus of educational and cultural activities for the surrounding rural area , Monmouth has become a tourism centre at the heart of the Wye Valley ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wyesham', 'summary': 'Wyesham is a village and electoral ward in Monmouthshire , Wales . It is located less than one mile east of Monmouth , on the opposite side of the River Wye .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Redbrook', 'summary': 'Redbrook is a village in Gloucestershire , England , adjoining the border with Monmouthshire , Wales . It is located on the River Wye and is within the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Welsh_Newton', 'summary': "Welsh Newton is a small village and civil parish in the county of Herefordshire , England . It is located close to the border with Wales to which the parish extends towards Monmouthshire . It should not be confused with Newton , a township-chapelry in Clodock Parish and near Longtown , or with Newton Leominister . The parish of Welsh Newton ( which is grouped with the parish of Llanrothal to form Welsh Newton and Llanrothal Group Parish Council ) contains two churches : a derelict Methodist chapel and the church of St Mary the Virgin which is also CoE and of Norman architecture , at Welsh Newton ( containing an original rood screen ) . Catholic martyr St John Kemble , executed in 1679 , is buried in St Mary 's churchyard . There is another Anglican church at Llanrothal . The area contains a lot of history , including Pembridge Castle and at least thirty-one other archaeological sites in Welsh Newton parish alone . The parish also contains a piece of common land , currently registered as unowned under the Commons Act 2006 , at Welsh Newton Common ; a hill ( and hamlet ) overlooking the Wye Valley . The village is said [ by whom ? ] to be haunted by several restless spirits , including the headless coachman who has been seen many times on the lane from St Wulstan 's Farm to the village . In the first week of December each year , several locals hold a ceremony to still the spirits . This takes place in the ruins of St Faith 's Church ."}]}, {'value': 'Monmouthshire , Forest of Dean , Herefordshire', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CALDICOT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caldicot , Magor , Newport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caldicot,_Monmouthshire', 'summary': 'Caldicot ( Welsh : Cil-y-coed ) is a town and community in Monmouthshire , southeast Wales , located between Chepstow and Newport on the Gloucester to Newport Line served primarily by Caldicot station , whilst by road it is just off the busy M4 / M48 motorway corridor . The site adjoins the Caldicot Levels , on the north side of the Severn Estuary . Caldicot has easy access on the railway west to Newport , Cardiff Central and east to Chepstow , Lydney , and Gloucester , as well as one stop west to Severn Tunnel Junction and then east via the Severn Tunnel to Filton Abbeywood and Bristol Temple Meads and further afield . Generally good road access to Cardiff and across the Second Severn Crossing , old Severn Bridge to Bristol . The population of the town is around 11,000 . It has a large school , Caldicot Comprehensive School , and is known for its medieval castle .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Magor,_Monmouthshire', 'summary': "Magor ( English : /ˈmeɪɡə/ ; Welsh : Magwyr ) - meaning ' a wall ' - is a large village in Monmouthshire , south east Wales , about 9 miles ( 14 km ) west of Chepstow and about 9 miles ( 14 km ) east of the city of Newport . It lies on the Caldicot Levels beside the Severn Estuary , and is in the community of Magor with Undy . Magor lies close to the M4 motorway . There is a nearby motorway service area sharing its name and it is within the commuter belts of Newport , Bristol and Cardiff ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Newport,_Wales', 'summary': "Newport ( Welsh : Casnewydd ; [ kasˈnɛwɨð ] ) is a city and unitary authority area in south east Wales , on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn Estuary , 12 miles ( 19 km ) northeast of Cardiff . At the 2011 census , it was the third largest city in Wales , with a population of 145,700 . The city forms part of the Cardiff-Newport metropolitan area , with a population of 1,097,000 . Newport has been a port since medieval times , when the first Newport Castle was built by the Normans . The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon , immediately upstream , and gained its first charter in 1314 . It grew significantly in the 19th century , when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern South Wales Valleys . Until the rise of Cardiff from the 1850s , Newport was Wales ' largest coal-exporting port . Newport was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Britain , the Newport Rising of 1839 led by the Chartists . This was led by the Chartist John Frost which led to the re-branding of the Duffryn High School into John Frost School . In the 20th century , the docks declined in importance , but Newport remained an important manufacturing and engineering centre . It was granted city status in 2002 . Newport hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010 and was the venue for the 2014 NATO summit ."}]}, {'value': 'Monmouthshire , Newport', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NP44', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CWMBRAN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cwmbran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cwmbran', 'summary': 'Cwmbran ( /kʊmˈbrɑːn , kuːm-/ kuum-BRAHN , koom- ; Welsh : Cwmbrân [ kʊmˈbraːn ] , also in use as an alternative spelling in English ) is a new town in Wales . Lying within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire , it forms part of the county borough of Torfaen . Cwmbran was designated as a new town in 1949 to provide new employment opportunities in the south eastern portion of the South Wales Coalfield .'}]}, {'value': 'Torfaen', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Coverage', 'section_text': 'The approximate coverage of the postcode districts :', 'uid': 'NP_postcode_area_0', 'intro': 'The NP postcode area, also known as the Newport postcode area, is a group of postcode districts which are subdivisions of fourteen post towns. These districts cover south-east Wales, including Newport, Pontypool, Abergavenny, Monmouth, Chepstow, Abertillery, Usk, Tredegar, New Tredegar, Ebbw Vale, Crickhowell, Blackwood, Caldicot and Cwmbran, plus a small part of the English counties of Gloucestershire and Herefordshire.'} | null | null | What is the local authority area of the postcode covering the area housing 'The Winding House ' , a county museum which opened in 2008 ? | Caerphilly |
0bbc95624cb2ced1 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowland_Football_League', 'title': 'Lowland Football League', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Stadium', 'Capacity', 'Seats'], 'data': [{'value': 'Berwick Rangers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berwick_Rangers_F.C.', 'summary': 'Berwick Rangers Football Club is a football team based in the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed , England , just south of the border with Scotland . Founded in 1884 , they currently play in the Lowland Football League , the fifth tier of Scottish football , and were the only club from outside Scotland in the Scottish Professional Football League until their relegation in 2019 . The club play at Shielfield Park , which has a capacity of just over 4,000 and are currently managed by Ian Little .'}]}, {'value': 'Berwick-upon-Tweed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed', 'summary': "Berwick-upon-Tweed ( /ˌbɛrɪk-/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Sooth Berwick , Scottish Gaelic : Bearaig a Deas ) is a town in the county of Northumberland . It is the northernmost town in England , at the mouth of the River Tweed on the east coast , 2 1⁄2 miles ( 4 km ) south of the Scottish border ( the hamlet of Marshall Meadows is the actual northernmost settlement ) . Berwick is approximately 56 miles ( 90 km ) east-south east of Edinburgh , 65 miles ( 105 km ) north of Newcastle upon Tyne and 345 miles ( 555 km ) north of London . The United Kingdom census , 2011 recorded Berwick 's population as 12,043 . A civil parish and town council were created in 2008 comprising the communities of Berwick , Spittal and Tweedmouth . Berwick was founded as an Anglo-Saxon settlement during the time of the Kingdom of Northumbria , which was annexed by England in the 10th century . The area was for more than 400 years central to historic border wars between the Kingdoms of England and Scotland , and several times possession of Berwick changed hands between the two kingdoms . The last time it changed hands was when Richard of Gloucester retook it for England in 1482 . To this day many Berwickers feel a close affinity to Scotland . Berwick remains a traditional market town and also has some notable architectural features , in particular its medieval town walls , its Georgian Town Hall , its Elizabethan ramparts , and Britain 's earliest barracks buildings , which Nicholas Hawksmoor built ( 1717-21 ) for the Board of Ordnance ."}]}, {'value': 'Shielfield Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shielfield_Park', 'summary': 'Shielfield Park is a football stadium that is home to Berwick Rangers and the Berwick Bandits speedway team . Although Berwick Rangers is a Scottish Lowland Football League club , Shielfield Park is situated in the English county of Northumberland .'}]}, {'value': '4,099', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,366', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bonnyrigg_Rose_Athletic_F.C.', 'summary': "Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic Football Club is a Scottish football club from the town of Bonnyrigg , Midlothian . Formed in 1881 and nicknamed the Rose , the team plays in the Lowland League , having been promoted after winning the East of Scotland Football League and gaining SFA membership in June 2019 . Their home ground is New Dundas Park , and they have traditionally played in red and white hoops . They have won the Scottish Junior Cup twice , in 1966 and in 1978 , as well as finishing runners-up in 1972 . Their 6-1 defeat of Whitburn in 1966 is a joint record margin of victory in a Scottish Junior Cup final . Bonnyrigg won the East Region Super League championship four times during their membership , making them the league 's most successful side . At a special general meeting held in March 2018 , the club 's members voted in favour of applying to join the East of Scotland Football League . Bonnyrigg were part of a larger movement of eastern junior clubs to the East of Scotland League in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bonnyrigg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bonnyrigg', 'summary': "Bonnyrigg is a town in Midlothian , Scotland , eight miles ( 13 kilometres ) southeast of Edinburgh city centre . The town had a population of 14,663 in the 2001 census which rose to 15,677 in the 2011 census , both figures based on the 2010 definition of the locality which , as well as Bonnyrigg and the adjacent settlement of Lasswade , includes Polton village , Poltonhall housing estate and modern development at Hopefield . The estimated population for 2018 is 18,120 , the highest of any town in Midlothian . Along with Lasswade , Bonnyrigg is a twin town with Saint-Cyr-l'École , France ."}]}, {'value': 'New Dundas Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BSC Glasgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broomhill_Sports_Club_Glasgow_F.C.', 'summary': 'BSC Glasgow Football Club is a Scottish football team originating in the Broomhill area of Glasgow , although from 2016 home matches are being played at Recreation Park in Alloa , Clackmannanshire . The club was formed in 2014 as a senior team associated with Broomhill Sports Club , a multi-sport youth organisation . They were elected to the Scottish Lowland Football League , in the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system , for the 2014-15 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Alloa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alloa', 'summary': 'Alloa ( Received Pronunciation /ˈæloʊə/ ; educated Scottish pronunciation /ˈaloʊa/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Alamhagh , possibly meaning rock plain ) is a town in Clackmannanshire in the Central Lowlands of Scotland . It is on the north bank of the Forth at the spot where some say it ceases to be the River Forth and becomes the Firth of Forth . Alloa is south of the Ochil Hills , 5.5 miles ( 8.9 km ) east of Stirling and 7.9 miles ( 12.7 km ) north of Falkirk ; by water Alloa is 25 miles ( 40 km ) from Granton . The town , formerly a burgh of barony , is the administrative centre of Clackmannanshire Council . Historically , the economy relied heavily on trade between Glasgow and mainland Europe through its port . This became increasingly uncompetitive and the port stopped operating in 1970 . Any future marina project is likely to focus on tourism with Stirling or Granton rather than importing or exporting goods since downstream ports like Grangemouth can accommodate larger vessels . The local economy is now centred on retail and leisure since the closure of major industries ; only one brewer and one glassmaker survive today . Parochially , Alloa was linked with Tullibody . The towns are now distinct , albeit with Lornshill in the middle , and Alloa is about twice the size of its north-western neighbour . The population of Alloa was estimated to be approximately 20,730 residents in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Recreation Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Recreation_Park,_Alloa', 'summary': 'Recreation Park , also known as Recreation Grounds , The Recs and The Indodrill Stadium for sponsorship reasons , is a football stadium in Alloa , Clackmannanshire , Scotland . It is the home ground of Scottish Professional Football League team Alloa Athletic , who have played there since 1895 . Additionally , BSC Glasgow of the Scottish Lowland Football League have been groundsharing at Recreation Park since 2016 . Central Girls Football Academy have used the stadium for home matches from 2017 . The stadium has an artificial playing surface and has a capacity of 3,100 .'}]}, {'value': '3,100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '919', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caledonian Braves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edusport_Academy_F.C.', 'summary': 'Caledonian Braves Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club based in North Lanarkshire . They are members of the Lowland Football League , in the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system . The club originated from Edusport Academy , a residential youth academy for French footballers founded in 2011 and initially based at the Ravenscraig Regional Sports Facility in Motherwell , North Lanarkshire , before relocating to Lesser Hampden in Glasgow in 2015 . A second centre based in Edinburgh opened in 2014 . From the 2014-15 season onwards , they fielded a team under the Edusport Academy name in Scottish senior football , the only private academy to do so in a recognised senior league . They initially played in the South of Scotland League before winning promotion to the Lowland League in 2017 . As Edusport , the senior team played at the Hamilton Palace Sports Ground in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire ( 2014-2015 ) and Galabank in Annan , Dumfries and Galloway ( 2015-2019 ) . From 2018 onwards , the senior team began to operate separately from the academy after launching a membership scheme , Our Football Club . In 2019 they were rebranded as Caledonian Braves and opened their own Alliance Park ground within Strathclyde Country Park in North Lanarkshire .'}]}, {'value': 'Motherwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Motherwell', 'summary': 'Motherwell ( Scots : Mitherwall , Scottish Gaelic : Tobar na Màthar ) is a large town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire , Scotland , United Kingdom , south east of Glasgow . It has a population of around 32,120 . Historically in the parish of Dalziel and part of Lanarkshire , Motherwell is the headquarters for North Lanarkshire Council . Geographically the River Clyde separates Motherwell from Hamilton to the west whereas the South Calder Water separates Motherwell from Carfin to the north-east and New Stevenston and Bellshill towards the north . Motherwell is also geographically attached to Wishaw and the two towns form a large urban area in North Lanarkshire , with both towns having similar populations and strong community ties .'}]}, {'value': 'Alliance Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Civil Service Strollers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Civil_Service_Strollers_F.C.', 'summary': 'Civil Service Strollers Football Club are a senior non-league football team from Edinburgh , Scotland currently playing in the Lowland Football League . The Strollers play their home games at Christie Gillies Park . Their home strip colours are red , with white shorts and red socks . The team is currently managed by Gary Jardine .'}]}, {'value': 'Edinburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edinburgh', 'summary': "Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Christie Gillies Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,569', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cumbernauld Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cumbernauld_Colts_F.C.', 'summary': 'Cumbernauld Colts Football Club is a football team from Cumbernauld , Scotland which was formed in 1969 . The senior team competed in the Caledonian Amateur Football League with the club eventually entering the Lowland Football League in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cumbernauld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cumbernauld', 'summary': "Cumbernauld ( /ˌkʌmbərˈnɔːld/ ; Scots : Cummernaud /ˌkʌmərˈnɔːd/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Comar nan Allt ) is a large town in North Lanarkshire , Scotland . It is the tenth most-populous locality in Scotland and the most populated town in north Lanarkshire , positioned in the centre of Scotland 's Central Belt . Geographically , Cumbernauld sits between east and west , being on the Scottish watershed between the Forth and the Clyde ; however , it is culturally far more weighted towards Glasgow and the New Town 's planners thought to fill 80% of its houses from Scotland 's largest city to reduce housing pressure there . Cumbernauld was marked by the Romans in antiquity . Traces of this are still visible today for example at Westerwood and , less conspicuously , north of the M80 where the legionaries surfaced what would later be called the Auld Cley Road . This is acknowledged in Cumbernauld Community Park , also site of Scotland 's only visible open-air Roman altar , in the shadow of the imposing Carrickstone Water Tower . For many years Cumbernauld was chiefly populated around what is now called The Village with the medieval castle a short walk away surrounded by its own park grounds . The castle frequently hosted visiting royalty and the grounds were famous for their white cattle which were hunted in the oak forest . The town began to spread as the weaving industry of the village was supplemented by mining and quarrying as travel across Scotland became easier due to the Forth and Clyde Canal and the railways being constructed . Cumbernauld railway station , though some distance from the village , improved communications with Glasgow , Falkirk and Stirling . Cumbernauld was designated as the site for a New Town on 9 December 1955 . This led to rapid expansion and building for about 40 years until the town became established as the largest in North Lanarkshire ."}]}, {'value': 'Broadwood Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadwood_Stadium', 'summary': "Broadwood Stadium , commonly referred to as simply Broadwood , is a multi-use community stadium and sports complex in Westfield , Cumbernauld . The stadium is shared by two football clubs : Clyde F.C . of the Scottish Professional Football League and Cumbernauld Colts of the Scottish Lowland Football League . The Scottish Rugby Academy for the Glasgow & The West region is also based at Broadwood in the North Lanarkshire town . It is also hone to the Cumbernauld Centurions BMX Club on the National Level BMX track . It has staged the final of Scottish footballs ' Scottish Challenge Cup on four occasions and Scottish rugby 's RBS Finals Day . The stadium has also held international Rugby league"}]}, {'value': '7,936', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,936', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dalbeattie Star', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dalbeattie_Star_F.C.', 'summary': 'Dalbeattie Star Football Club is a Scottish association football club based in Dalbeattie , Dumfries and Galloway that currently competes in the Lowland Football League . The club had previously played in the South of Scotland Football League . Home matches are played at Islecroft Stadium in Dalbeattie and as a senior team in Scotland they are eligible to play in the Scottish Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Dalbeattie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dalbeattie', 'summary': 'Dalbeattie ( /dælˈbiːti/ , Scots : Dawbeattie , Scottish Gaelic : Dail Bheithe meaning valley of birch ) is a town in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire in Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland . Dalbeattie is in a wooded valley on the Urr Water 6 km ( 4 mi ) east of Castle Douglas and 19 km ( 12 mi ) south west of Dumfries . The town is famed for its granite industry and for being the home town of William McMaster Murdoch , the First Officer of the RMS Titanic . The Dalbeattie War Memorial was designed by Pilkington Jackson and was unveiled in 1921 .'}]}, {'value': 'Islecroft Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Islecroft_Stadium', 'summary': 'Islecroft Stadium is a football stadium located in the town of Dalbeattie in Scotland . The stadium was opened in 1950 and is the home of Scottish Lowland Football League club Dalbeattie Star . It has a capacity of 1,320 with 100 seats .'}]}, {'value': '1,320', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Kilbride', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Kilbride_F.C.', 'summary': "East Kilbride Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in East Kilbride , South Lanarkshire , Scotland . They are members of the Lowland Football League , in the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system . Formed in 2010 with the intention of bringing senior football to one of Scotland 's largest towns , the club initially competed in amateur football before becoming one of the founder members of the Lowland League in 2013 . The club became a full member of the Scottish Football Association ( SFA ) in 2014 , entitling them to automatic entry to the Scottish Cup . In 2016 they broke the most wins in a row record held by AFC Ajax before losing after 30 consecutive wins ."}]}, {'value': 'East Kilbride', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Kilbride', 'summary': "East Kilbride ( /ˌiːst kɪlˈbraɪd/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Cille Bhrìghde an Ear ) is the largest town in South Lanarkshire in Scotland and the country 's 6th largest settlement . It was also designated Scotland 's first new town on 6 May 1947 . The area lies on a raised plateau to the south of the Cathkin Braes , about 8 miles ( 13 km ) southeast of Glasgow and close to the boundary with East Renfrewshire . East Kilbride is twinned with the Danish city Ballerup . The town is enclosed by the White Cart Water to the west and the Rotten Calder Water to the east , the latter flowing northwards adjacent to Blantyre , before joining the River Clyde opposite Daldowie near Cambuslang . This area was previously the site of the small village of East Kilbride , prior to its post-war development into a New Town . The old village still survives and is integrated with the town close to its town centre ."}]}, {'value': 'K Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K_Park_Training_Academy', 'summary': "K-Park Training Academy is a training ground in the St Leonards area of East Kilbride , South Lanarkshire . It is located within the site of Calderglen Country Park . It is the home ground of Lowland Football League team East Kilbride and Scottish Women 's Premier League team Celtic ."}]}, {'value': '660', 'urls': []}, {'value': '400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Stirlingshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Stirlingshire_F.C.', 'summary': "East Stirlingshire Football Club is a Scottish association football club based in the town of Falkirk . The club was founded in 1881 and competes in the Lowland Football League , in the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system . The club 's origins can be traced to 1880 when a local cricket club formed a football team under the name Britannia , based in the village of Bainsford . The club was elected to the Scottish Football League in 1900-01 and has competed in the league system for most of its existence . East Stirlingshire has won the second tier of Scottish football once and finished runners-up once , earning promotion to the top-flight on both occasions . The club 's highest league ranking came during the two solitary seasons it competed in the top flight in 1932-33 and 1963-64 . In 2016 , East Stirlingshire became the first club ever to be relegated out of the national league system . East Stirlingshire first entered in the Scottish Cup in 1882 , its best result reaching the quarter-finals on three occasions , the last in 1981 . The club 's best result in a national cup competition was in the 2000-01 season when it reached the semi-finals of the Scottish Challenge Cup , losing to Livingston for a place in the final . In 2008 , the club left Firs Park and moved to Ochilview Park to ground-share with local rivals Stenhousemuir . From the start of the 2018-19 season the club will ground-share with their Neighbour Club Falkirk at the Falkirk Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Falkirk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falkirk', 'summary': "Falkirk ( /ˈfɔːlkɜːrk/ ; Scots : The Fawkirk ; Scottish Gaelic : An Eaglais Bhreac ) is a large town in the Central Lowlands of Scotland , historically within the county of Stirlingshire . It lies in the Forth Valley , 23.3 miles ( 37.5 km ) north-west of Edinburgh and 20.5 miles ( 33.0 km ) north-east of Glasgow . Falkirk had a resident population of 32,422 at the 2001 UK Census . The population of the town had risen to 34,570 according to a 2008 estimate , making it the 20th most populous settlement in Scotland . Falkirk is the main town and administrative centre of the Falkirk council area , which has an overall population of 156,800 and inholds the nearby towns of Grangemouth , Bo'ness , Denny , Larbert and Stenhousemuir , and the cluster of Braes villages . The town is at the junction of the Forth and Clyde and Union Canals , a location which proved key to its growth as a centre of heavy industry during the Industrial Revolution . In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , Falkirk was at the centre of the iron and steel industry , underpinned by the Carron Company in nearby Carron . The company was responsible for making carronades for the Royal Navy and later manufactured pillar boxes . Within the last fifty years , heavy industry has waned , and the economy relies increasingly on retail and tourism . Despite this , Falkirk remains the home of many international companies like Alexander Dennis ; the largest bus production company in the United Kingdom . Falkirk has a long association with the publishing industry . The company now known as Johnston Press was established in the town in 1846 ."}]}, {'value': 'Falkirk Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falkirk_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Falkirk Stadium is a football stadium in Falkirk , central Scotland , which is the home ground of Scottish League One club Falkirk . The stadium has a capacity of 7,937 and currently consists of three fully completed stands . The stadium was opened in 2004 with the main stand completed . It became the home of Falkirk in the same year after the club ground shared Ochilview Park for the 2003-04 season whilst the stadium was being constructed . The north and south stands were built and opened in 2005 and 2009 respectively .'}]}, {'value': '7,937', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edinburgh University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edinburgh_University_A.F.C.', 'summary': "Edinburgh University Association Football Club are a football club representing the University of Edinburgh . Established in 1878 , they are third oldest club in East of Scotland football and have been a member of the Scottish Football Association ( SFA ) since that year . Edinburgh University are eligible to compete in the Scottish Cup every season as they are full members of the SFA . The club 's present home is at Peffermill , where it has played since its move from Canal Field in 1978 . The Club won its first trophy , the Edinburgh Shield in 1883 . Historically it is the most successful footballing university in Scotland . The club has won the Edinburgh Shield once , the Queens Park Shield 26 times ( including eight successive wins from 1973-74 to 1981-82 ) , the East of Scotland Amateur Cup once , the Scottish Qualifying Cup ( South ) once , the East of Scotland Qualifying Cup three times , the British University Sports Association ( BUSA ) Cup once and the King Cup three times . The most recent achievements of the club include winning the East of Scotland Qualifying Cup in 2005 , and finishing in second position in the East of Scotland Premier Division in 2007-08 . In October 2006 , the side beat Vale of Leithen 3-0 to reach the first round proper of the Scottish Cup for the first time since 1972-73 . In November 2006 , they defeated Keith to proceed to the second round of the Scottish Cup for only the second time in the club 's history , and 106 years after their first appearance at this stage . The team 's 2006 cup run was halted by Cowdenbeath , who defeated the university 5-1 at Central Park on 9 December 2006 . After the Scottish Qualifying Cup was abolished , Edinburgh University gained direct entry to the Scottish Cup as a full member of the SFA ."}]}, {'value': 'Edinburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edinburgh', 'summary': "Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'East Peffermill Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gala Fairydean Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gala_Fairydean_Rovers_F.C.', 'summary': 'Gala Fairydean Rovers Football Club are a Scottish association football club based in the town of Galashiels in the Scottish Borders . The club competes in the Lowland League , after joining from the East of Scotland Football League in 2013 . At the same time the club changed its name to Gala Fairydean Rovers , following a merger between Gala Fairydean and Gala Rovers . The club plays its home matches at Netherdale in Galashiels . Gala Fairydean won the East of Scotland Football League eight times and finished runners-up on seven occasions . The club reached 15 Scottish Qualifying Cup South finals , winning it 11 times , before the competition was abolished in 2007 . Gala Fairydean Rovers qualify automatically for the Scottish Cup as a member of the Scottish Football Association ( SFA ) . The best performance by the club was reaching the third round , done on five occasions . Gala Rovers won the Border Amateur Football League 13 times .'}]}, {'value': 'Galashiels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galashiels', 'summary': "Galashiels ( /ˌɡæləˈʃiːəlz/ ; Scots : Gallae , Scottish Gaelic : An Geal Àth ) is a town in the Scottish Borders 33 miles South of Edinburgh on the A7 road from Edinburgh to Carlisle . Galashiels is often colloquially shortened to Gala and has a population of around 12,600 , The town is a major commercial centre for the Borders region with extensive history in the textile industry . Gala is the location of Heriot-Watt University 's School of Textiles and Design ."}]}, {'value': '3G Arena , Netherdale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherdale', 'summary': 'Netherdale is a sports complex in Galashiels , Scottish Borders , consisting of two adjacent stadiums used for rugby union and football . The rugby ground is the home of Gala RFC and was formerly used by the professional Border Reivers team . It hosted one match of the 1999 Rugby World Cup . It has also occasionally been used for rugby league matches . The football ground is home to Gala Fairydean Rovers and has a Category A listed grandstand .'}]}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gretna 2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gretna_F.C._2008', 'summary': 'Gretna Football Club 2008 ( commonly referred to as Gretna 2008 and colloquially as Gretna ) is a football club from the town of Gretna . It was founded in 2008 after the bankruptcy and demise of Gretna , which had existed since 1946 . Gretna 2008 is not a direct continuation of the old club , being under a completely different management and set-up ; the club trades under the name Gretna FC 2008 Ltd to avoid confusion with the old Gretna . In 2013 , the club became founder members of the Lowland League , having previously played in the East of Scotland Football League Premier Division . The team played for most of the 2008-09 season at the Everholm Stadium in Annan . Late in the season , however , the new owners of Raydale Park allowed Gretna 2008 to move to the ground in their home town . In May 2011 , the Raydale Community Partnership , of which Gretna FC 2008 is a member , negotiated the purchase of the site .'}]}, {'value': 'Gretna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gretna,_Scotland', 'summary': 'Gretna ( Scottish Gaelic : Greatna ) is a town in Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland . Because they are near the Anglo-Scottish border , nearby Gretna Green , and to a lesser extent Gretna , are traditionally associated with eloping English couples because of the more liberal marriage provisions in Scots law compared to English law . Because of this , Gretna has become a term for a place for quick , easy marriages . Gretna is part of the historic county of Dumfriesshire .'}]}, {'value': 'Raydale Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raydale_Park', 'summary': 'Raydale Park is a football stadium in Gretna , Scotland . It is home to Lowland League side Gretna 2008 and now has a capacity of 1,030 . Raydale formerly served as the home ground of Gretna until the club resigned from the Scottish Football League in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '1,030', 'urls': []}, {'value': '138', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelty Hearts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelty_Hearts_F.C.', 'summary': 'Kelty Hearts Football Club are a football club based in the village of Kelty in Fife , Scotland . Formed in 1975 and nicknamed the Hearts and the Jambos , they play their home games at New Central Park . Their home strip colours are maroon , with white shorts and maroon socks , while their away strip colours are blue , with blue shorts and blue socks . During the 2018-19 season Kelty Hearts competed in the Lowland League , the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system , having been promoted from the East of Scotland Football League . The club were previously members of the Fife Junior League and the SJFA East Superleague , which is the highest division of the East Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association . In December 2017 the club became a full SFA member , making them eligible to enter the Scottish Cup and move up through the senior divisions .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelty', 'summary': "Kelty ( Scottish Gaelic : Cailtidh ) is located in Fife , Scotland . Kelty is a former coal mining village in the heart of the old mining heartlands of Fife . It is situated on the Fife/Kinross-shire boundary with a population of around 6,000 residents . This was nearer to 9,000 when the coal mining industry was still operational in late 1970s and early 1980s . Kelty is located next to the main Edinburgh to Perth road , the M90 motorway , and as a result of this has seen many houses built primarily for commuters to Edinburgh over the past five years . Kelty has two primary schools , St. Joseph 's and Kelty Primary . After primary school , the majority of pupils go on to Beath High School , a comprehensive school in Cowdenbeath , or the local Roman Catholic school , St Columba 's High School in Dunfermline . Kelty also has a modern community centre , and a modern library . The local football team is Kelty Hearts who compete in the Lowland Football League , the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system ."}]}, {'value': 'New Central Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,660', 'urls': []}, {'value': '353', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Spartans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spartans_F.C.', 'summary': "The Spartans Football Club are a Scottish football club from Edinburgh . They are managed by Dougie Samuel . They were formed in 1951 by ex-players of Edinburgh University and the original intention was to field a team of graduates of the university . However , they have players from elsewhere as well . They play at Ainslie Park and wear white shirts , red shorts and white socks . The senior team plays in the Lowland Football League . They joined the new league in 2013 after playing in the East of Scotland Football League , where they became one of its most successful clubs from the 1970s onwards . They have been allowed to play in the qualifying rounds of the Scottish Cup since 1978 and have qualified for the cup proper on several occasions . Spartans entered their top amateur side into the SJFA East Region junior setup in 2009 , however they withdrew in 2013 . Spartans also have an Under 20 squad who are managed by Les Atkinson . As well as the Lowland League team , Spartans also have a Saturday amateur side , a Sunday amateur side and several women 's teams , including The Spartans W.F.C , and , from the 2017 season , Hibernian Ladies who both play in the Scottish Women 's Premier League . Spartans chairman Craig Graham was awarded a MBE in 2017 for his service to the community of north Edinburgh ."}]}, {'value': 'Edinburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edinburgh', 'summary': "Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ainslie Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ainslie_Park', 'summary': 'Ainslie Park is a football stadium located in Edinburgh , Scotland , which is the home ground of Lowland Football League club Spartans . From the 2017-18 season , Scottish League Two club Edinburgh City will also play at the ground while Meadowbank Stadium is being redeveloped .'}]}, {'value': '3,612', 'urls': []}, {'value': '534', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stirling University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stirling_University_F.C.', 'summary': 'University of Stirling Football Club are a football club based in Stirling , Scotland . They are associated with the University of Stirling and have played in the Lowland Football League since 2013 . The club operates six teams which compete in a combination of BUCS Football League ( British university competitions ) and in senior and amateur leagues across Scotland . The club currently have five teams in the BUCS Football League and various in the Scottish Lowland Football League , East of Scotland Football League , Lowlands U20 Development League as well as the Caledonian Amateur Football League . The university deliver a High Performance Football Programme which provides players to the first team . As part of this programme , students can be offered football scholarships to study for a degree and play football at the university . The football scholarship programme is named after Craig Gowans , a talented Falkirk player who died in 2005 while training with the university .'}]}, {'value': 'Stirling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stirling', 'summary': "Stirling ( /ˈstɜːrlɪŋ/ ; Scots : Stirlin ; Scottish Gaelic : Sruighlea [ ˈs̪t̪ɾuʝlə ] ) is a city in central Scotland , 26 miles ( 42 km ) north-east of Glasgow and 37 miles ( 60 km ) north-west of the Scottish capital , Edinburgh . The market town , surrounded by rich farmland , grew up connecting the royal citadel , the medieval old town with its merchants and tradesmen , the bridge and the port . Located on the River Forth , Stirling is the administrative centre for the Stirling council area , and is traditionally the county town of Stirlingshire . Proverbially it is the strategically important Gateway to the Highlands . It has been said that Stirling , like a huge brooch clasps Highlands and Lowlands together . Similarly he who holds Stirling , holds Scotland is often quoted . Stirling 's key position as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth made it a focal point for travel north or south . When Stirling was temporarily under Anglo-Saxon sway , according to a 9th-century legend , it was attacked by Danish invaders . The sound of a wolf roused a sentry , however , who alerted his garrison , which forced a Viking retreat . This led to the wolf being adopted as a symbol of the town as is shown on the 1511 Stirling Jug . The area is today known as Wolfcraig . Even today the wolf appears with a goshawk on the council 's coat of arms along with the recently chosen motto : Steadfast as the Rock ."}]}, {'value': 'Forthbank Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forthbank_Stadium', 'summary': 'Forthbank Stadium is a football stadium in Stirling , Scotland . Opened in 1993 , it has been the home ground of Scottish Professional Football League club Stirling Albion since then . From 2013 to 2016 , it also hosted the first team matches of Scottish Lowland Football League team Stirling University . The stadium has a capacity of 3,808 . The pitch size is 110 x 74 yards .'}]}, {'value': '3,808', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,508', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vale of Leithen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vale_of_Leithen_F.C.', 'summary': "Vale of Leithen Football Club are a football club based in the town of Innerleithen , Scotland . They play in the Lowland Football League , and their home games take place at Victoria Park . The team 's motto is Keep Faith , and features on their club crest , along with the town 's patron saint , St. Ronan . The home strip features a blue shirt with white sleeves , blue shorts and red socks ; the away strip is all-red , with white trim on the sleeves . Vale of Leithen should not be confused with the slightly differently named junior team Vale of Leven ."}]}, {'value': 'Innerleithen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Innerleithen', 'summary': 'Innerleithen ( Scottish Gaelic : Inbhir Leitheann ) is a civil parish and a small town in the committee area of Tweeddale , in the Scottish Borders . It was formerly in the historic county of Peeblesshire or Tweeddale .'}]}, {'value': 'Victoria Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Member clubs', 'section_text': 'Berwick RangersBonnyrigg RoseBSC GlasgowCaledonian BravesCivil Service Strollers Cumbernauld ColtsDalbeattie StarEast KilbrideEast StirlingshireEdinburgh UniGala FRGretna 2008Kelty HeartsThe SpartansStirling UniVale of Leithen Location of teams in 2019–20 Scottish Lowland Football League', 'uid': 'Lowland_Football_League_0', 'intro': 'The Scottish Lowland Football League (SLFL) (commonly known as the Lowland League) is a football league operating in central and southern Scotland. 16 teams currently compete in the league with teams drawn from the Lowlands area of Scotland. For the 2018-19 season the league was known as the GeoSonic Lowland League for sponsorship reasons. The Lowland League is the fifth tier of the Scottish football pyramid, on a par with the Highland League and above the two Lowlands-based regional leagues. As a creation of the Scottish Football Association, the Lowland League is a full member of the same organisation.'} | null | null | What is the capacity of the stadium that is a multi-use community stadium and sports complex in Westfield ? | 7,936 |
0bbe2286527809fa | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Masonic_buildings_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of Masonic buildings in the United States', 'header': ['', 'Building', 'Dates', 'Location', 'City , State', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Farmers and Merchants Bank-Masonic Lodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Farmers_and_Merchants_Bank-Masonic_Lodge', 'summary': "The Farmers and Merchants Bank-Masonic Lodge is historic commercial and fraternal building at 288 North Broadway in Booneville , Arkansas . It is a two-story structure , with Colonial Revival and Early Commercial architecture . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 . It originally hosted a bank on its first floor and a Masonic meeting hall on its second floor . The building 's cornerstone indicates the Masonic association , but not the bank 's . The local Masonic lodge met there from 1906 to 1985 ."}]}, {'value': '1906 built 1993 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '288 N. Broadway 35°8′24″N 93°55′17″W / 35.14000°N 93.92139°W / 35.14000 ; -93.92139 ( Farmers and Merchants Bank-Masonic Lodge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Booneville , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Booneville,_Arkansas', 'summary': "Booneville is a city in Logan County , Arkansas , United States and the county seat of the southern district . Located in the Arkansas River Valley between the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains , the city is one of the oldest in western Arkansas . The city 's economy was first based upon the railroad and Arkansas State Tuberculosis Sanatorium , but has evolved into a diverse economy of small businesses and light industry as the early drivers have disappeared . Booneville 's population was 3,990 at the 2010 census . Booneville supports a community center , a senior citizens center , a community hospital , a municipal airport and new school facilities . Hunting , fishing , camping , hiking and other outdoors activities are readily available in nearby national forests and state parks ."}]}, {'value': 'Originally planned as a commercial building to house the Farmers and Merchants Bank , when the plans were announced , two Masonic lodges joined with the bank to add a meeting hall on the second floor . The building continued to house the bank after the lodges moved out . The building is noted for it Colonial Revival and Early Commercial architecture . CHECK THIS :', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture', 'summary': "The Colonial Revival architectural style seeks to revive elements of American colonial architecture . The beginnings of the Colonial Revival style are often attributed to the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 , which reawakened Americans to the architectural traditions of their colonial past . Fairly small numbers of Colonial Revival homes were built c. 1880-1910 , a period when Queen Anne-style architecture was dominant in the United States . From 1910-1930 , the Colonial Revival movement was ascendant , with about 40% of U.S. homes built during this period in the Colonial Revival style . In the immediate post-war period ( c. 1950s-early 1960s ) , Colonial Revival homes continued to be constructed , but in simplified form . In the present-day , many New Traditional homes draw from Colonial Revival styles . While the dominant influences in Colonial Revival style are Georgian and Federal architecture , Colonial Revival homes also draw , to a lesser extent , from the Dutch Colonial style and post-medieval English styles . Colonial Revival homes are often eclectic in style , freely combining aspects from several of these prototypes . Although associated with the architectural movement , Colonial Revival also refers to historic preservation , landscape architecture and garden design , and decorative arts movements that emulate or draw inspiration from colonial forms . Cyril M. Harris 's American Architecture : An Illustrated Encyclopedia noted that Colonial Revival houses are usually the result of a rather free interpretation of their prototypes ; they tend to be larger , may differ significantly from the houses they seek to emulate , and often exaggerate architectural details ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Early_Commercial_architecture', 'summary': 'In the United States , the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture . Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System ( NRIS ) database . Other properties are given a custom architectural description with vernacular or other qualifiers , and others have no style classification . Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here , or they fit into more specialized subcategories .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bradford City Hall-Byers Masonic Lodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bradford_City_Hall-Byers_Masonic_Lodge', 'summary': "The Bradford City Hall-Byers Masonic Lodge is a historic building in Bradford , Arkansas . Constructed jointly by Beyers Masonic Lodge and the Bradford city government , the building served as both Bradford 's city hall , and as a meeting hall for the lodge . It was shared until the lodge shut down . The building is now used as a community meeting space , city offices having been moved to a new facility in 1995 . It is a two-story structure finished in fieldstone on the first level and stucco on the second . Its gable roof has exposed rafter ends , giving the building a bit of Craftsman styling . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 ."}]}, {'value': '1934 built 1999 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '302 W. Walnut St. 35°25′27″N 91°27′19″W / 35.42417°N 91.45528°W / 35.42417 ; -91.45528 ( Bradford City Hall-Byers Masonic Lodge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bradford , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bradford,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Bradford is a city in White County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 759 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Bungalow/Craftsman architecture The $ 1,574 cost of the building was shared by Byers Masonic Lodge and the Bradford city government', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bungalow/Craftsman_architecture', 'summary': 'In the United States , the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture . Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System ( NRIS ) database . Other properties are given a custom architectural description with vernacular or other qualifiers , and others have no style classification . Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here , or they fit into more specialized subcategories .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yell Masonic Lodge Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yell_Masonic_Lodge_Hall', 'summary': 'The Yell Masonic Lodge Hall is a historic Masonic lodge on the west side of United States Route 412 in Carrollton , Arkansas . Also known as Carrollton Masonic Lodge , it is a two-story wood-frame structure with a front-gable roof , clapboard siding , and a stone foundation . A small belfry rises above the roof , capped by a pyramidal roof . The building was built in 1876 , originally serving as a church on the ground floor , and a Masonic meeting hall on the second . The building was a major community center for Carrollton , which was the first county seat of Carroll County but declined in importance after it was bypassed by the railroads . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 .'}]}, {'value': '1876 built 1984 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off AR 68 36°15′47″N 93°19′18″W / 36.26306°N 93.32167°W / 36.26306 ; -93.32167 ( Yell Masonic Lodge Hall )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carrollton , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carrollton,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Carrollton is an unincorporated community in Carroll County , Arkansas , United States . Once a thriving community with a population near the 10,000 mark in the 1850s , there are generally 30 residents now in the unincorporated community with a historically significant past .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chester Masonic Lodge and Community Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chester_Masonic_Lodge_and_Community_Building', 'summary': 'The Chester Masonic Lodge and Community Building is a historic community building at Front and Dickson Streets in Chester , Arkansas . It is a two-story rectangular wood frame structure , designed to house a church and community space on the ground floor , and Masonic lodge facilities on the upper floor . It was built in 1942 , replacing a 1903 building of similar function that stood at another location and was torn down to build a school . Significant elements of the old building ( most notably its windows and parts of its framing ) were reused in the construction of the new building . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '1942 built 2000 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jct . of Front and Dickson Sts . 35°40′51″N 94°10′34″W / 35.68083°N 94.17611°W / 35.68083 ; -94.17611 ( Chester Masonic Lodge and Community Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chester , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chester,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Chester is a town in Crawford County , Arkansas , United States . It is part of the Fort Smith , Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 Census the population was 159 . The population was 99 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Purpose built as a Masonic Hall , it was constructed using materials from both a school and a previous Masonic Hall . Plain traditional style', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Lee 's Chapel Church and Masonic Hall", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lee's_Chapel_Church_and_Masonic_Hall", 'summary': "Lee 's Chapel Church and Masonic Hall is a historic Masonic building in rural northern Independence County , Arkansas . It is located on Sandtown Road , about 8 miles ( 13 km ) east of Cushman . It is a two-story gable-roofed structure , built out of concrete blocks resting on a poured concrete foundation . The roof is shingled , and topped by a small belfry . It was built in 1946 as a joint project of the Lee 's Chapel Methodist Church and Montgomery Lodge No . 360 . The lodge subsequently moved to Cave City . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 . It is distinctive as the only known concrete-block church in the northwestern part of the county ."}]}, {'value': '1946 built 2001 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Near Cushman 35°54′9″N 91°38′32″W / 35.90250°N 91.64222°W / 35.90250 ; -91.64222 ( Lee 's Chapel Church and Masonic Hall )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cushman , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cushman,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Cushman is a city in Independence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 452 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': "Plain-Traditional style Built as a joint project of the Lee 's Chapel Methodist Church and Montgomery Lodge No . 360", 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Masonic Temple ( El Dorado , Arkansas )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masonic_Temple_(El_Dorado,_Arkansas)', 'summary': 'The Masonic Temple of El Dorado , Arkansas is located at 106-108 North Washington Street , on the west side of the courthouse square . The four-story masonry building was built in 1923-24 to a design by Little Rock architect Charles S. Watts . It is one of a small number of buildings in Arkansas with Art Deco styling influenced by the Egyptian Revival . This particular styling was likely influence by the 1922 discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 , and included in the El Dorado Commercial Historic District in 2003 .'}]}, {'value': '1924 built 2001 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '106-108 N. Washington 33°12′44″N 92°39′49″W / 33.21222°N 92.66361°W / 33.21222 ; -92.66361 ( Masonic Temple ( El Dorado , Arkansas ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El Dorado , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Dorado,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'El Dorado is a city in , and the county seat of , Union County , on the southern border of Arkansas , United States . According to the 2010 census , the population of the city is 18,884 . El Dorado is headquarters of the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission as well as Murphy Oil , Murphy USA , Deltic Timber Corporation and a DelekUS oil refinery . The city has a nationally-recognized downtown arts district , the Murphy Arts District ( MAD ) ; a community college , South Arkansas Community College ( SouthArk ) ; and a multi-cultural arts center , South Arkansas Arts Center ( SAAC ) . El Dorado is the population , cultural and business center of south central Arkansas . The city was the heart of the 1920s oil boom in the area . During World War II , it became a center of the chemical industry , which still plays a part in the economy , as do oil and timber . El Dorado is located approximately 120 miles ( 190 km ) from the state capital of Little Rock .'}]}, {'value': "Built in 1924 in Art Deco and revival architectural styles . It was constructed jointly and shared by Lee 's Chapel Methodist Church and Montgomery Lodge No . 360 . The lodge subsequently moved to Cave City", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Art_Deco', 'summary': 'Art Deco , sometimes referred to as Deco , is a style of visual arts , architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I . Art Deco influenced the design of buildings , furniture , jewelry , fashion , cars , movie theatres , trains , ocean liners , and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners . It took its name , short for Arts Décoratifs , from the Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes ( International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts ) held in Paris in 1925 . It combined modern styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials . During its heyday , Art Deco represented luxury , glamour , exuberance , and faith in social and technological progress . Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles , sometimes contradictory , united by a desire to be modern . From its outset , Art Deco was influenced by the bold geometric forms of Cubism and the Vienna Secession ; the bright colors of Fauvism and of the Ballets Russes ; the updated craftsmanship of the furniture of the eras of Louis Philippe I and Louis XVI ; and the exotic styles of China and Japan , India , Persia , ancient Egypt and Maya art . It featured rare and expensive materials , such as ebony and ivory , and exquisite craftsmanship . The Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York built during the 1920s and 1930s are monuments of the Art Deco style . In the 1930s , during the Great Depression , Art Deco became more subdued . New materials arrived , including chrome plating , stainless steel , and plastic . A sleeker form of the style , called Streamline Moderne , appeared in the 1930s ; it featured curving forms and smooth , polished surfaces .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Smith Masonic Temple', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Smith_Masonic_Temple', 'summary': "The Fort Smith Masonic Temple is a historic building at 200 North 11th Street in Fort Smith , Arkansas . It is a large stone-walled structure , with styling that is an Art Deco-influenced version of Egyptian Revival architecture . Its main ( northwest-facing ) facade has a projecting central section , from which a series of bays are progressively stepped back , unified by a band of decorative carving at the top , just below the flat roof . The central portion has slightly-projecting pilaster-like sections flanking three recessed bays , which are divided by two fluted pilasters and topped by decorative carved stonework and a panel identifying the building . The entrance is set in the center bay , recessed under a projecting square frame . The building was designed by Little Rock architect George R. Mann and completed in 1929 . It is one of the few buildings in Arkansas to exhibit Egyptian Revival styling , which is particularly pronounced in the building 's interior decoration . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 . Since 2017 . It has become a concert venue called Temple Live and can seat 1,100 people . In 2019 , the temple has branched to two other locations , one in Wichita , Kansas and the other in Cleveland , Ohio ."}]}, {'value': '19__ built 1992 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '200 N. 11th St. 35°23′9″N 94°25′6″W / 35.38583°N 94.41833°W / 35.38583 ; -94.41833 ( Fort Smith Masonic Temple )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Smith , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Arkansas', 'summary': "Fort Smith is the second-largest city in Arkansas and one of the two county seats of Sebastian County . As of the 2010 Census , the population was 86,209 . With an estimated population of 88,037 in 2017 , it is the principal city of the Fort Smith , Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area , a region of 298,592 residents that encompasses the Arkansas counties of Crawford , Franklin , and Sebastian , and the Oklahoma counties of Le Flore and Sequoyah . Fort Smith has a sister city relationship with Cisterna , Italy , site of the World War II Battle of Cisterna , fought by United States Army Rangers commanded by Fort Smith native William O. Darby . The city also has a mutual friendship-city relationship with Jining , China . Fort Smith lies on the Arkansas-Oklahoma state border , situated at the confluence of the Arkansas and Poteau rivers , also known as Belle Point . Fort Smith was established as a western frontier military post in 1817 , when it was also a center of fur trading . The city developed there . It became well known as a base for migrants ' settling of the Wild West and for its law enforcement heritage . In 2007 , the city of Fort Smith was selected by the United States Department of the Interior as the site of the new United States Marshals Service National Museum , slated to open in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Includes Art Deco , Exotic Revival , Egyptian Revival architecture', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'County Line School and Lodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/County_Line_School_and_Lodge', 'summary': 'The County Line School and Lodge is a historic multifunction community building in rural western Fulton County , Arkansas . It stands at the junction of County Roads 115 and 236 , just east of the county line with Baxter County , west of the small community of Gepp . It is a vernacular two story wood frame structure with a gable roof and a cast stone foundation . The ground floor houses a school room , and the upper floor was used for meetings of the County Line Masonic Lodge . It was built c. 1879 , and was one of the first community buildings to be built in the area . Intended to actually stand astride the county line ( since it served communities in both counties ) , a later survey determined it lies a few feet within Fulton County . The building was used as a school until 1948 , when the local school systems were consolidated . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 , at which time it was still in use by the Masons .'}]}, {'value': 'c.1879 built 1975 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '36°29′13″N 92°9′0″W / 36.48694°N 92.15000°W / 36.48694 ; -92.15000 ( County Line School and Lodge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Near Gepp , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gepp,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Gepp is an unincorporated community in western Fulton County , Arkansas , United States . Gepp is located along U.S . Routes 62 and 412 , 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Viola . Gepp has a post office with ZIP code 72538 .'}]}, {'value': 'Intended to straddle the Fulton vs. Baxter county line , near the small community of Gepp . School on first floor operated to 1948 ; County Line Masonic Lodge above', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fulton_County,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Fulton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas . As of the 2010 census , the population was 12,245 . The county seat is Salem . Fulton County was formed on December 21 , 1842 , and named for William Fulton , the last governor of the Arkansas Territory . It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Baxter_County,_Arkansas', 'summary': "Baxter County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas . As of the 2010 census , the county 's population was 41,513 . The county seat is Mountain Home . It is Arkansas 's 66th county , formed on March 24 , 1873 , and named for Elisha Baxter , the tenth governor of Arkansas . The Mountain Home , AR , Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Baxter County . It is in the northern part of the state , bordering Missouri . It is commonly referred to as the Twin Lakes Area because it is bordered by two of Arkansas ' largest lakes , Bull Shoals Lake and Norfork Lake . On its southern border is theWhite River , Norfork Tailwater and the Buffalo National River . Mountain Home , a small town whose origins date back to the early nineteenth century , is located in north-central Arkansas on a plateau in the Ozark Mountains . The natural environment of nearby Norfork and Bull Shoals lakes and the surrounding countryside has attracted tourists from around the country for many years . [ citation needed ] Educational institutions have also played a role in the life of the community . The Baxter Bulletin weekly newspaper was named in 1973 by the Newspaper Enterprise Association as the Best Overall Weekly Newspaper in the United States in the over 10,000-circulation category ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gepp,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Gepp is an unincorporated community in western Fulton County , Arkansas , United States . Gepp is located along U.S . Routes 62 and 412 , 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Viola . Gepp has a post office with ZIP code 72538 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hampton Masonic Lodge Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hampton_Masonic_Lodge_Building', 'summary': 'The Hampton Masonic Lodge Building in Hampton , Arkansas is an Early Commercial style building that was built in 1920 . As originally designed the building had commercial store space on the first floor , and rooms for both the Hampton Masonic Lodge and the Farmers Home Administration on the second floor . In 1954 , the building was acquired by the Western Auto Store , and the second floor was turned into a toy department . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '1920 built 2008 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '115 S. 2nd St. 33°32′15″N 92°28′18″W / 33.537595°N 92.471544°W / 33.537595 ; -92.471544 ( Hampton Masonic Lodge Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hampton , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hampton,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Hampton is a city in Calhoun County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 1,324 at the 2010 census . The city is the county seat of Calhoun County . Hampton is part of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Early Commercial style . Built as a commercial building , the Hampton Masonic Lodge was the first tenant in the upstairs space . The upstairs space was later used by the Farmers Home Administration and several mercantile establishments before being acquired by the county for use as a public library', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knob School-Masonic Lodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knob_School-Masonic_Lodge', 'summary': 'The Knob School , also called the Masonic Lodge , is a historic school and Masonic lodge building on Arkansas Highway 141 in Knob , Arkansas . It is a two-story wood frame structure with a hip roof , and a single-story extension to the front with a hip roof and a recessed porch . The building has vernacular Craftsman style , with extended eaves supported by exposed brackets . It was built in 1923 to serve the dual purpose of providing the community with school facilities ( located on the first floor ) and space for Masonic lodge meetings ( on the second floor ) . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as Knob School-Masonic Lodge .'}]}, {'value': '1923 built 1991 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AR 141 36°16′53″N 90°27′0″W / 36.28139°N 90.45000°W / 36.28139 ; -90.45000 ( Knob School-Masonic Lodge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knob , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knob,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Knob , Arkansas is an unincorporated community in Clay County , Arkansas . It is the location of the Knob School-Masonic Lodge , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Built with first floor to serve as a school , second floor as Masonic lodge hall , in vernacular Craftsman style , ,', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Moriah Masonic Lodge No . 18', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Moriah_Masonic_Lodge_No._18', 'summary': 'The Mount Moriah Masonic Lodge No . 18 is a historic building in Lisbon , Arkansas , US . The two-story wood frame lodge building was built in 1858 , and is virtually unaltered . It has several distinctive construction features , including 12 by 12 timber posts that rise the full two stories at its corners ; this feature is believed to be unique in the state . It was built as a meeting hall a local chapter of Freemasons , and is the oldest purpose-built Masonic hall still used for that purpose in Arkansas . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 .'}]}, {'value': '1858 built 1987 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off AR 172 33°16′18″N 92°49′36″W / 33.27167°N 92.82667°W / 33.27167 ; -92.82667 ( Mount Moriah Masonic Lodge No . 18 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisbon , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisbon,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Lisbon , Arkansas is a location or community in Union County , Arkansas . It is the location of the Mount Moriah Masonic Lodge No . 18 , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1858 . Purpose built to be a Masonic hall , and still used as such , the Historic Preservation Alliance of Arkansas believes it may be the oldest building in the state still used for its original purpose by its original owner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Lodge 215 A & F M', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Hall_(New_Blaine,_Arkansas)', 'summary': "Elizabeth Hall is a historical building off Arkansas Highway 22 in New Blaine , Arkansas . It was built in 1867 as a Masonic meeting hall with funding and land donated by Masonic lodge members of Elizabeth Lodge 215 F & A M. The building is also known by that lodge 's name . The lodge meets in the upper floor , while the ground floor has served as a school , a church , and a funeral chapel . The building has been described as one of the finest remaining rural structures erected in nineteenth-century Arkansas . It was built under the supervision of the New Blaine sheriff , E. N. Griffeth . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . The listing included one contributing site ( the adjacent Elizabeth Cemetery ) in addition to the contributing building ."}]}, {'value': '1867 built 1976 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off Highway 22 35°17′3″N 93°24′32″W / 35.28417°N 93.40889°W / 35.28417 ; -93.40889 ( Elizabeth Lodge 215 A & F M )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Blaine , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Blaine,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'New Blaine is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Logan County , Arkansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , its population was 174 . The following sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places are in or near New Blaine :'}]}, {'value': 'Wood-frame structure from 1867 , that , in 1976 , still served Masonic group . Has been described as one of the finest remaining rural structures erected in nineteenth-century Arkansas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Masonic Temple ( Pine Bluff , Arkansas )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masonic_Temple_(Pine_Bluff,_Arkansas)', 'summary': "The Masonic Temple is a historic fraternal and commercial building at East Fourth Avenue and State Street in Pine Bluff , Arkansas . Fundraising for the building was led by Joseph Carter Corbin and J. N. Donohoo . It is a four-story brick building , built between 1902 and 1904 by the state 's African-American Masonic lodge , the Sovereign Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons . It was at the time Pine Bluff 's tallest building . The ground floor held retail space , the second floor professional offices , and the upper floors were devoted to the Masonic organizations . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 ."}]}, {'value': '1902 built 1978 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4th and State St. 34°13′35″N 92°0′9″W / 34.22639°N 92.00250°W / 34.22639 ; -92.00250 ( Masonic Temple ( Pine Bluff , Arkansas ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pine Bluff , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pine_Bluff,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Pine Bluff is the tenth-largest city in the state of Arkansas and the county seat of Jefferson County . It is the principal city of the Pine Bluff Metropolitan Statistical Area and part of the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Pine Bluff Combined Statistical Area . The population of the city was 49,083 in the 2010 Census with 2018 estimates showing a decline to 42,271 . The city is situated in the Southeast section of the Arkansas Delta and straddles the Arkansas Timberlands region to its west . Its topography is flat with wide expanses of farmland , consistent with other places in the Delta Lowlands . Pine Bluff has numerous creeks , streams , and bayous . ( Bayou Bartholomew is the longest bayou in the world and is the second most-diverse stream in the United States ) . Large bodies of water include Lake Pine Bluff , Lake Langhofer ( Slack Water Harbor ) , and the Arkansas River .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed for its architecture and its representation of social history . Purpose built in a Neoclassical style to house an African American Masonic order', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russellville Masonic Temple', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russellville_Masonic_Temple', 'summary': 'The Russellville Masonic Temple , also known as Russellville City Hall , is a clubhouse and municipal building at 205 South Commerce Street in Russellville , Arkansas . Built in 1926 , it is a Classical Revival building . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 . The edifice was constructed as a Masonic temple , with the first floor rented to the city for use as the city Hall . In 1943 the city bought the building , paid off the mortgage and rented the second floor to the Masons . As of 2001 , the Masons were preparing to vacate the second floor .'}]}, {'value': '1926 built 2005 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '205 S. Commerce 35°16′39″N 93°8′7″W / 35.27750°N 93.13528°W / 35.27750 ; -93.13528 ( Russellville Masonic Temple )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russellville , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russellville,_Arkansas', 'summary': "Russellville is the county seat and largest city in Pope County , Arkansas , United States , with a population of 27,920 , according to the 2010 Census . It is home to Arkansas Tech University and Arkansas Nuclear One , Arkansas ' only nuclear power plant . Russellville borders Lake Dardanelle and the Arkansas River . It is the principal city of the Russellville Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Pope and Yell counties ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical Revival Built as a Masonic Temple with the first floor rented to the city for use as the city Hall . In 1943 the city bought the building , paid off the mortgage and rented the second floor to the Masons', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastern Star Lodge 207 F & AM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Star_Lodge_207_F&AM', 'summary': 'The Eastern Star Lodge 207 F & AM is a historic Masonic meeting hall outside St. Francis , Arkansas . It is a two-story Plain-Traditional concrete block structure , located on County Road 336 about 1.5 miles ( 2.4 km ) west of town . It was built in 1947 to serve as the first purpose-built home of the local Masonic lodge . Its interior decorations include elements removed from the previous lodge , a repurposed Presbyterian church . The building has long been a significant area social center , hosting public and private functions . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 .'}]}, {'value': '1947 built 2002 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '36°27′05″N 90°10′31″W / 36.45139°N 90.17528°W / 36.45139 ; -90.17528 ( Eastern Star Lodge 207 F & AM )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Francis , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Francis,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'St. Francis is a city in Clay County , Arkansas , United States , along the St. Francis River . The population was 250 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Plain-Traditional concrete block building , was first purpose-built home of the local Masonic lodge', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Arkansas', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Masonic_buildings_in_the_United_States_3', 'intro': 'List of Masonic buildings in the United States identifies notable Masonic buildings in the United States. These have served as meeting halls by Masonic lodges, Grand Lodges or other Masonic bodies. Many of the buildings were built to house Masonic meetings and ritual activities in their upper floors, and to provide commercial space below. Many of the buildings listed have received landmark status, either by being listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or listed by various State or City preservation agencies. In 2019, more than 390 Masonic buildings are listed here.'} | null | null | When was the Masonic Lodge built in the town that is part of the Fort Smith , Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area ? | 1942 |
0bbe4974f5e4e36b | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_League_draft', 'title': 'Australian Football League draft', 'header': ['Draft', 'Date held', 'Host city', 'Venue'], 'data': [{'value': '1981', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1981_VFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1981 Victorian Football League ( VFL ) draft was the first annual national draft held by the VFL , the leading Australian rules football league . Held on 8 October 1981 , all twelve VFL clubs participated in the draft , each having two picks , with the team finishing last in the 1981 VFL season having first choice , followed by the other eleven clubs in reverse finishing position order . Wooden spooners Melbourne named Perth wingman Alan Johnson as the first pick of the draft .'}]}, {'value': '8 October 1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'VFL House', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_VFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1982 Victorian Football League ( VFL ) draft was the second annual national draft held by the VFL , the leading Australian rules football league . Held on 19 October 1982 , all twelve VFL clubs participated in the draft , each having two picks , with the team finishing last in the 1982 VFL season having first choice , followed by the other eleven clubs in reverse finishing position order . Wooden spooners Footscray Football Club named East Fremantle ruckman Andrew Purser as the first pick of the draft . The draft was limited to players aged sixteen and above in non-Victorian based competitions and tied players wishing to move to Victoria to the club that drafted them . Eleven South Australians were named , with eight Western Australians , three Tasmanians and two Queenslanders also drafted . The draft , introduced as an equalisation strategy in response to the increasing transfer fees and player salaries at the time , was discontinued after the 1982 Draft , following requests from Melbourne and Geelong officials to consider a moratorium on interstate transfers , aimed at allowing South and Western Australian clubs hit by the draft to recover . The draft did not reoccur until 1986 and has been held every year since .'}]}, {'value': '19 October 1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'VFL House', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_VFL_draft', 'summary': "The 1986 VFL draft was the third formal draft to provide recruitment opportunities to clubs participating in Australian rules football 's elite Victorian Football League . Held on 26 November 1986 after the end of the 1986 VFL season , it consisted only of the national draft itself , without a subsequent rookie or preseason draft . It was the first draft to be held since two initial drafts in 1981 and 1982 , and as drafts have been held every year since , it is considered to be the first of the modern drafts ."}]}, {'value': '26 November 1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'VFL House', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_VFL_draft', 'summary': "The 1987 VFL draft was the second draft to provide recruitment opportunities to clubs participating in Australian rules football 's elite Victorian Football League . Held after the end of the 1987 season , it consisted only of the national draft itself ."}]}, {'value': '11 November 1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'VFL House', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_VFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1988 VFL draft was the third annual national draft held by the Victorian Football League ( now known as the Australian Football League ) . It consisted of a pre-season draft and a national draft . In 1988 there were 112 picks to be drafted between 14 teams in the national draft . The Hawthorn Football Club received the first pick in the national draft , after receiving it from St Kilda in the first ever trade involving draft picks , in return for Paul Harding , Peter Russo and Robert Handley .'}]}, {'value': '9 November 1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'VFL House', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_VFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1989 VFL draft was the fourth annual national draft held by the Victorian Football League ( since changed its name to Australian Football League ) as the main method for the 14 teams to recruit players for the 1990 season . It consisted of a trading period , pre-draft selections , the main national draft and the 1990 pre-season draft and a non-compulsory 1990 mid-year draft . The minimum age for most draftees was 16 and clubs other than the West Coast Eagles were only allowed to choose one player each from Western Australia . For the non-Queensland and NSW clubs , players from those states had to be 19 to be selected , by which time the Brisbane Bears or Sydney Swans would have had three chances to recruit them .'}]}, {'value': '9 November 1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'VFL House', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1990_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1990 AFL draft was the 5th annual draft of Australian rules footballers to the 14 clubs in the Australian Football League . It consisted of the national draft held at the end of the 1990 season , the pre-season draft , held before 1991 AFL season and a mid-season draft . Clubs receive picks based on the reverse of the position in which they finish on the ladder during the season . This was introduced as an equalisation strategy in response to the increasing transfer fees and player salaries .'}]}, {'value': '7 November 1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'AFL House', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'When the competition was known as the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , the league introduced the first incarnation of a draft system in 1981 , where teams had two selections each of interstate players determined by reverse finishing position order . This was introduced as an equalisation strategy in response to the increasing transfer fees and player salaries at the time , which in combination with declining attendances , threatened to derail the league . It was also a result of the failure of country zoning , introduced in the late 1960s , which had led to a systematic inequality whereby the clubs with the best zones , like Carlton and Hawthorn , could dominate over clubs with poorer zones like Melbourne . In 1986 , the first VFL draft was held . The draft saw players tied to zones based on their location of residence , with each club having first call on players falling within that zone . The West Coast Eagles received access to all West Australian players , while the Brisbane Bears received six concessionary picks before the other clubs .'}]}, {'value': '6 November 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1992 AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . It consisted of the main national draft , the pre-season draft and the trade period . In 1992 there were 124 picks to be drafted between 15 teams in the main national draft .'}]}, {'value': '11 November 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1993 AFL draft consisted of a mid-season draft , a national draft at the end of the season and a pre-season draft , held before the 1994 AFL season . The AFL draft is the annual draft of new unsigned players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . Clubs receive picks based on the position in which they finish on the ladder during the season , although these picks can be swapped around by teams for trading players . This was the final season during which a mid-season draft was conducted . The 1993 National Draft was held on Friday , 29 October 1993 , and was the first draft to be broadcast live on television .'}]}, {'value': '29 October 1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Radisson President Hotel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1994 AFL draft consisted of a pre-season draft , a national draft , a trade period and a rookie elevation . The AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . In 1994 there were 97 picks to be drafted between 15 teams in the national draft . The Fremantle Dockers were given the first pick as they were to compete for the first time in the 1995 AFL season .'}]}, {'value': '28 October 1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Radisson President Hotel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1995 AFL draft was held at the conclusion of the 1995 Australian Football League ( AFL ) season . The AFL draft is the annual draft of new unsigned players by Australian rules football clubs that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . Clubs receive picks based on the position in which they finish on the ladder during the season , although these picks can be swapped around by teams for trading players .'}]}, {'value': '8 December 1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1996 AFL draft was held at the conclusion of the 1996 Australian Football League ( AFL ) season . The inaugural rookie draft was held with the 1997 pre-season draft . The AFL draft is the annual draft of new unsigned players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . Clubs receive picks based on the position in which they finish on the ladder during the season , although these picks can be swapped around by teams for trading players .'}]}, {'value': '25 October 1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_AFL_draft', 'summary': "The 1997 AFL Draft was held at the conclusion of the 1997 Australian Football League ( AFL ) season . A Pre-season Draft and the second Rookie Draft were held prior to the 1998 season . It is considered to have been one of the most successful drafts ever , with the top 11 selections each playing over 100 games of AFL football . Other significant selections include Brownlow Medalists Simon Black at 31 and Adam Goodes at 43 , as well as future Hawthorn captain Richie Vandenberg and Port Adelaide and Carlton star Nick Stevens . Black and Goodes played in seven Grand Finals between them from 2001 to 2012 , Black winning three and Goodes winning two . Another notable player from this draft was Matthew Scarlett , who played a pivotal role in Geelong 's 2007 , 2009 and 2011 premierships . The Melbourne Demons received the first two picks in the draft : one for finishing bottom of the ladder and a Priority Pick for winning just 4 games . Melbourne traded pick no.2 to Fremantle in exchange for Jeff White . Fremantle traded this pick to Richmond in exchange for Chris Bond . In total there were 86 picks to be drafted between the 16 competing teams ."}]}, {'value': '31 October 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adelaide , South Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adelaide', 'summary': "Adelaide ( /ˈædəleɪd/ ( listen ) AD-ə-layd ) is the capital city of the state of South Australia , and the fifth-most populous city of Australia . The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide . Adelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula , between the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east . Its metropolitan area extends 20 km ( 12 mi ) from the coast to the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges , and stretches 96 km ( 60 mi ) from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach in the south . Named in honour of Queen Adelaide , consort to King William IV , the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for the only freely-settled British province in Australia . Colonel William Light , one of Adelaide 's founding fathers , designed the city centre and chose its location close to the River Torrens , in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people and known as Tarndanyangga ( place of the red kangaroo ) . Light 's design , now listed as national heritage , set out the city centre in a grid layout , interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares , and entirely surrounded by parklands . Early colonial Adelaide was shaped by the diversity and wealth of its free settlers , in contrast to the convict history of other Australian cities . Until the post-war era , it was Australia 's third-largest city . It has been noted for its leading examples of religious freedom and progressive political reforms , and became known as the City of Churches due to its diversity of faiths . Today , Adelaide is noted for its many festivals and sporting events , its food and wine , its coastline and hills , and its large defence and manufacturing sectors . Adelaide 's quality of life has ranked consistently highly in various measures through the 21st century ."}, {'url': '/wiki/South_Australia', 'summary': "South Australia ( abbreviated as SA ) is a state in the southern central part of Australia . It covers some of the most arid parts of the country . With a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres ( 379,725 sq mi ) , it is the fourth-largest of Australia 's states and territories by area , and fifth largest by population . It has a total of 1.7 million people , and its population is the second most highly centralised in Australia , after Western Australia , with more than 77 percent of South Australians living in the capital , Adelaide , or its environs . Other population centres in the state are relatively small ; Mount Gambier , the second largest centre , has a population of 28,684 . South Australia shares borders with all of the other mainland states , and with the Northern Territory ; it is bordered to the west by Western Australia , to the north by the Northern Territory , to the north-east by Queensland , to the east by New South Wales , to the south-east by Victoria , and to the south by the Great Australian Bight . The state comprises less than 8 percent of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the six states and two territories . The majority of its people reside in greater Metropolitan Adelaide . Most of the remainder are settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray . The state 's colonial origins are unique in Australia as a freely settled , planned British province , rather than as a convict settlement . Colonial government commenced on 28 December 1836 , when the members of the council were sworn in near the Old Gum Tree . [ citation needed ] As with the rest of the continent , the region has a long history of human occupation by numerous tribes and languages ."}]}, {'value': 'Football Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_Park', 'summary': 'Football Park , formerly known commercially as AAMI Stadium , was an Australian rules football stadium located in West Lakes , a western suburb of Adelaide , the state capital of South Australia , Australia . It was built in 1973 by the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) and opened in 1974 . Until the end of the 2013 AFL season , it served as the home ground of the Adelaide Football Club and the Port Adelaide Football Club . It also hosted all SANFL finals from 1974 to 2013 . Prior to its demolition that was completed in March 2019 , it had a seating capacity of 51,240 .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1998 AFL draft consisted of a pre-season draft , a national draft , a trade period and a rookie elevation . The AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . In 1998 there were 91 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft . The Brisbane Lions received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder during the 1998 AFL season .'}]}, {'value': '1 November 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne Park Function Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Park', 'summary': "Melbourne Park is a sports venue in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . Since 1988 , Australia 's bicentenary , Melbourne Park has been home of the Australian Open Grand Slam tennis tournament , which is played annually in January . The park has facilities capable of hosting basketball , netball , music concerts and other events . In the past Melbourne Park has hosted ice skating , cycling , international swimming and motorsport events . Melbourne Park is owned by Melbourne & Olympic Parks , which also runs the adjacent Melbourne Rectangular Stadium . The Yarra Park section of the Sports and Entertainment Precinct is run separately ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1999_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 1999 AFL draft consisted of a pre-season draft , a national draft , a trade period and a rookie elevation . The AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . In 1999 there were 93 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft . The Collingwood Magpies received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder during the 1999 AFL season .'}]}, {'value': '31 October 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne Park Function Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Park', 'summary': "Melbourne Park is a sports venue in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . Since 1988 , Australia 's bicentenary , Melbourne Park has been home of the Australian Open Grand Slam tennis tournament , which is played annually in January . The park has facilities capable of hosting basketball , netball , music concerts and other events . In the past Melbourne Park has hosted ice skating , cycling , international swimming and motorsport events . Melbourne Park is owned by Melbourne & Olympic Parks , which also runs the adjacent Melbourne Rectangular Stadium . The Yarra Park section of the Sports and Entertainment Precinct is run separately ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 2000 AFL draft was the annual draft of talented Australian rules football players by teams that participate in the Australian Football League . It consisted of a pre-season draft , a national draft , a trade period and a rookie elevation . In 2000 there were 87 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft . The St Kilda Football Club received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder during the 2000 AFL season .'}]}, {'value': '29 October 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_AFL_draft', 'summary': 'The 2001 AFL draft consisted of a state draft , a body draft , a pre-season draft and a trade period . The AFL draft is the annual draft of players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . In 2001 there were 83 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft . The Fremantle Dockers originally received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder in the 2001 AFL season but they traded it to Hawthorn for Trent Croad . The No.1 draft pick was Luke Hodge , who became the first No.1 draft pick in many seasons to play in a premiership side . The draft is known widely as the superdraft due to both the recruitment of modern star players such as Luke Hodge , Luke Ball , Chris Judd , Jimmy Bartel , Nick Dal Santo , Steve Johnson , Sam Mitchell , Leigh Montagna , Gary Ablett , Brian Lake , Matthew Boyd , James Kelly , Dane Swan and David Hale . All of the aforementioned players have played in at least one Grand Final , all but Dal Santo and Montagna have played in a premiership team and Judd , Mitchell and Hodge ( three times ) have captained their respective teams to victories in the 2006 , 2008 , 2013 , 2014 and 2015 grand finals . Judd ( 2004 , 2010 ) , Bartel ( 2007 ) , Ablett ( 2009 , 2013 ) , Swan ( 2011 ) and Mitchell ( 2012 ) have also won the Brownlow Medal , the award for the best and fairest player in a season , while Judd ( 2005 ) , Johnson ( 2007 ) , Hodge ( 2008 and 2014 ) , Bartel ( 2011 ) and Lake ( 2013 ) have all won a Norm Smith Medal ( awarded to the best player on-field in the AFL Grand Final ) .'}]}, {'value': '25 November 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne Park Function Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Park', 'summary': "Melbourne Park is a sports venue in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . Since 1988 , Australia 's bicentenary , Melbourne Park has been home of the Australian Open Grand Slam tennis tournament , which is played annually in January . The park has facilities capable of hosting basketball , netball , music concerts and other events . In the past Melbourne Park has hosted ice skating , cycling , international swimming and motorsport events . Melbourne Park is owned by Melbourne & Olympic Parks , which also runs the adjacent Melbourne Rectangular Stadium . The Yarra Park section of the Sports and Entertainment Precinct is run separately ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_AFL_draft', 'summary': "The 2002 AFL draft consisted of a pre-season draft , a national draft , a trade period and the elevation of rookies . The AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . In 2002 there were 88 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft . Carlton forfeited its priority and first round draft picks due to gross salary cap breaches ( it would have also forfeited its second round pick , but they had already traded it to Port Adelaide for Barnaby French ) . Carlton 's punishment came on the back of a dismal 2002 season in which it won its first ever wooden spoon after 105 years of competition . The first pick therefore went to St Kilda , who finished second last during the 2002 AFL season . This was the first draft since their introduction in 1993 that no team received a priority pick , as St Kilda had a record of 5-16-1 ( giving them 22 premiership points , above the 20.5 premiership points needed to qualify for a priority pick under the rules at the time ) ."}]}, {'value': '23 November 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne Park Function Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Park', 'summary': "Melbourne Park is a sports venue in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . Since 1988 , Australia 's bicentenary , Melbourne Park has been home of the Australian Open Grand Slam tennis tournament , which is played annually in January . The park has facilities capable of hosting basketball , netball , music concerts and other events . In the past Melbourne Park has hosted ice skating , cycling , international swimming and motorsport events . Melbourne Park is owned by Melbourne & Olympic Parks , which also runs the adjacent Melbourne Rectangular Stadium . The Yarra Park section of the Sports and Entertainment Precinct is run separately ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_AFL_draft', 'summary': "The 2003 AFL draft was the 2003 instance of the AFL draft , the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport , the Australian Football League . The 2003 draft consisted of a trade period , the national , pre-season and rookie drafts and the elevation of previously drafted rookies to the senior list . There were 83 draft selections between the 16 teams in the national draft . The Western Bulldogs received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder during the 2003 AFL season . The Bulldogs and Melbourne both received a priority selection for having earned 20 premiership points of less during the preceding season . Carlton also received a priority selection , despite being banned from the first two rounds of this year 's draft , owing to salary cap breaches discovered the previous year . This draft is considered one of the weaker drafts , with almost half of the 16 club 's first picks delisted within the following 4 years . It has produced one Brownlow Medallist , Adam Cooney , who is the first and , as of 2018 , only number one draft pick to win the award . The main trades that occurred involved Nathan Brown switching from the Bulldogs to Richmond and Trent Croad returning to Hawthorn after spending two years with Fremantle . The trading period also contained The Veale Deal , where unknown youngster Lochlan Veale was traded by Hawthorn to the Western Bulldogs in a lopsided three-way deal involving Essendon . In the deal Hawthorn gained Danny Jacobs , Essendon gained Mark Alvey and the number six selection in the draft and the Bulldogs officially only received Veale , and had an understanding Hawthorn that they would not trade Jade Rawlings to any other club , allowing the Bulldogs to select him with the first selection in the pre-season draft ."}]}, {'value': '22 November 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne Park Function Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Park', 'summary': "Melbourne Park is a sports venue in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . Since 1988 , Australia 's bicentenary , Melbourne Park has been home of the Australian Open Grand Slam tennis tournament , which is played annually in January . The park has facilities capable of hosting basketball , netball , music concerts and other events . In the past Melbourne Park has hosted ice skating , cycling , international swimming and motorsport events . Melbourne Park is owned by Melbourne & Olympic Parks , which also runs the adjacent Melbourne Rectangular Stadium . The Yarra Park section of the Sports and Entertainment Precinct is run separately ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Host', 'section_text': 'For most of its existence , the National Draft has been held at a large function or convention centre with many of the predicted top draft selections in attendance . Since 1993 , the National draft has been televised live , pick-by-pick , while the mid-year ( 1990-1993 ) , pre-season and rookie drafts have never been televised .', 'uid': 'Australian_Football_League_Draft_0', 'intro': 'The Australian Football League draft is the annual draft of unsigned players, especially new nominations, by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League (AFL).'} | null | null | In the last draft to take place in October , how many picks were there ? | 87 |
0bbf3533bde809a8 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malayalam_films_before_1960', 'title': 'List of Malayalam films before 1960', 'header': ['No', 'Movie', 'Date', 'Direction', 'Main actors'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nalla Thanka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nalla_Thanka', 'summary': 'Nalla Thanka is a landmark Malayalam film directed by P. V. Krishna Iyer , and produced by Kunchacko and K. V. Koshy . It was the second film produced at the Udaya Studios , the first being Vellinakshatram ( 1949 ) . The film marked the debut of several artistes , including actors Augustine Joseph , Vaikom Mani , Miss Kumari , Miss Omana and S. P. Pillai , music director V. Dakshinamoorthy , and cinematographer P. K. Madhavan Nair . It was one of the first commercially successful Malayalam films . Based on the legend of Nalla Thanka ( Nalla Thankal in Tamil ) , the film had screenplay and dialogues written by Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai . Miss Kumari played the title role , while singer-stage actors Augustine Joseph and Vaikom Mani played the lead male roles .'}]}, {'value': '14 January 1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'P. V. Krishna Iyer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Augustine Joseph , Vaikom Mani , Miss Kumari , Miss Omana and S. P. Pillai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Kumari', 'summary': 'Miss Kumari ( 1932-1969 ) was a Malayalam film actress active between 1949 and 1969 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chechi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chechi_(film)', 'summary': 'Chechi is a 1950 Indian Malayalam film , directed by T. Janaki Ram and produced by Swami Narayanan . The film stars Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair and Miss Kumari in lead roles . It is the debut film of music director G. K. Venkatesh , playback singer T. A. Lakshmi and director T. Janakiram . It is known for the classical-based song Kalitha Kalamaya Kailasavasa .'}]}, {'value': '15 February 1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T. Janaki Ram', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sasidharan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sasidharan', 'summary': 'Sasidharan is a 1950 Indian Malayalam film , directed by T Janaki Ram and produced by Swami Narayanan . The film stars Nagavally R. S. Kurup , N. P. Chellappan Nair and Miss Kumari in lead roles . The film had musical score by P. Kalinga Rao . It is the first Malayalam film adaptation of a popular stage play . It is debut Malayalam film of P. Kalinga Rao , T. Janakiram , Aranmula Ponnamma , S. P. Pillai , N. P. Chellappan Nair , Kaviyoor Revamma , P. Mohankumari , and lyricist Thumpamon Padmanabhankutty .'}]}, {'value': '13 April 1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T. Janaki Ram', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sthree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sthree_(1950_film)', 'summary': 'Sthree ( Translation : Woman ) is a 1950 Malayalam film written by Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair and directed by R. Velappan Nair .'}]}, {'value': '21 April 1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R. Velappan Nair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R._Velappan_Nair', 'summary': 'R. Velappan Nair was a former Malayalam film director , producer and cinematographer . His movie in 1969 , Aaryankavu Kollasangam was a very new experiment in Indian cinema .'}]}, {'value': 'Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair Vaikom M. P. Mani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thikkurissi_Sukumaran_Nair', 'summary': 'Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair ( 16 October 1916 - 11 March 1997 ) was a Nagercoil born Malayali Indian poet , playwright , script writer , lyricist , orator , film director and actor , though he is best known as an actor in Malayalam cinema . He is the recipient of Padmashri from the Government of India , which is one of the highest civilian honours in India . In a career that spanned about 47 years , he acted in over 700 films . He is considered to be the First movie star in Malayalam cinema .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prasanna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prasanna_(1950_film)', 'summary': 'Prasanna is a 1950 Indian Malayalam film , directed by S. M. Sriramulu Naidu and produced by Pakshiraja Studios . The film stars Pappukutty Bhagavathar , Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair and P. A. Thomas in lead roles . The film had musical score by M. S. Gnanamani . It is debut Malayalam film of Travancore Sisters , Lalitha , Padmini and Ragini . Also the debut film of actors Kandiyoor Parameshwarankutty , P. A. Thomas , Pappukkutty Bhagavathar , debut Malayalam film of Sreeramulu Naidu , playback singers M. L. Vasantha Kumari , P. A. Periyanayiki and Radha-Jayalakshmi .'}]}, {'value': '17 August 1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Ramalu Naidu', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chandrika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chandrika_(film)', 'summary': 'Chandrika is a 1950 Indian Malayalam film , directed by V. S. Raghavan and produced by K. M. K. Menon . The film stars Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair and Nagavally R. S. Kurup in the lead roles . The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy and G. Govindarajulu Naidu .'}]}, {'value': '24 August 1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'V. S. Raghavan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/V._S._Raghavan', 'summary': 'V S Raghavan ( 18 February 1925 - 24 January 2015 ) was a Tamil actor , who has acted both in Tamil films as well as television , had started his career as a dramatist and stage actor and went on to act as a character actor in films , starting with Vairamali ( 1954 ) and over 1000 films in all . He has also acted in numerous television series . He died on 24 January 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeevitha Nouka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeevitha_Nouka', 'summary': 'Jeevitha Nouka ( English : The Boat of Life ) is a 1951 Malayalam film directed by K. Vembu and jointly produced by K. V. Koshi and Kunchako . It was the first super hit film in Malayalam cinema , with a theatrical run of 284 days . Made at a budget of ₹ 5 lakhs , the film did extremely well at the box office , such that very few films could surpass it later . It was simultaneously shot in Tamil and Telugu , and was dubbed and released in Hindi . The film portrayed the life of simple folk in a small village in Kerala . It stars Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair and B. S. Saroja in the lead roles , with the latter making her debut and the former in his first major role . Its music is composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy and popular playback singer Mehboob debuted through this film . It is a remake of the Hindi film Jeevan Nayya with revised screenplay . The Tamil version was titled Pichaikkaari ( English : Lady beggar ) and released on 18 May 1951 . Vidwan P. Adhimoolan wrote the dialogues and lyrics . The song Vanaraniye enthan manaraniye sung by Thiruchi Loganathan and P. Leela was a popular number .'}]}, {'value': '15 March 1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K. Vembu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair , B. S. Saroja , Sebastian Kunju Kunju Bhagavatar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thikkurissi_Sukumaran_Nair', 'summary': 'Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair ( 16 October 1916 - 11 March 1997 ) was a Nagercoil born Malayali Indian poet , playwright , script writer , lyricist , orator , film director and actor , though he is best known as an actor in Malayalam cinema . He is the recipient of Padmashri from the Government of India , which is one of the highest civilian honours in India . In a career that spanned about 47 years , he acted in over 700 films . He is considered to be the First movie star in Malayalam cinema .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Navalokam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Navalokam', 'summary': 'Navalokam is a 1951 Indian Malayalam film , directed by V. Krishnan and produced by Pappachan . The film stars Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair and Miss Kumari in lead roles . The film had musical score by V Dakshinamoorthy .'}]}, {'value': '29 March 1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thikkurissi_Sukumaran_Nair', 'summary': 'Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair ( 16 October 1916 - 11 March 1997 ) was a Nagercoil born Malayali Indian poet , playwright , script writer , lyricist , orator , film director and actor , though he is best known as an actor in Malayalam cinema . He is the recipient of Padmashri from the Government of India , which is one of the highest civilian honours in India . In a career that spanned about 47 years , he acted in over 700 films . He is considered to be the First movie star in Malayalam cinema .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kerala Kesari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerala_Kesari', 'summary': 'Kerala Kesari is a 1951 Indian Malayalam film , directed by V. Krishnan and produced by Vaikkam Vasudevan Nair . The film stars K. K. Aroor and Durga Varma in lead roles . The film had musical score by Jnanamani .'}]}, {'value': '17 May 1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'V. Krishnan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rakthabandham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rakthabandham', 'summary': 'Rakthabandham is a 1951 Indian Malayalam film , directed by M. R. Vittal and produced by N. K. Karunakaran Pillai . The film stars Kalaikkal Kumaran , T. R. Omana in lead roles . The film had musical score by S. M. Subbaiah Naidu and S. N. Chaami ( S. N. Ranganathan ) . It is the only Malayalam film directed by Velswami Kavi , the debut Malayalam film of S. D. Subbiah and the debut film of Paravoor Bharathan ( as a bank peon ) , Kuttappa Bhagavathar and lyricist Swami Brahmavrathan . the movie also introduced R. S. Prabhu to Malayalam cinema .'}]}, {'value': '18 May 1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. R. Vittal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/M._R._Vittal', 'summary': 'M. R. Vittal was an Indian film director and screenwriter who worked primarily Kannada cinema . He directed over 18 films in his career , with most of them being very successful and attaining a cult status . In a career spanning two decades , Vittal won three National Award and three Karnataka State Awards for his films . Vittal is considered as one of the doyens of Kannada cinema and is considered to have carved a niche in the Kannada film industry by exhibiting a rare insight and boldness while selecting the themes for his films . Most of his films were based on novels written by eminent scholars . Popular directors such as K. S. L. Swamy and K. V. Jayaram worked as assistant directors under the guidance of Vittal .'}]}, {'value': 'Paravoor Bharathan ( debut )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paravoor_Bharathan', 'summary': 'Paravoor Bharathan ( born 16 January 1929 ) was an Indian actor who acted in Malayalam films . He started his career in movies during the 1950s . Bharathan is known as a versatile actor and has played a variety of roles including negative roles , character roles and comedy roles .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vanamala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vanamala_(film)', 'summary': 'Vanamala is a 1951 Indian Malayalam film , directed by G. Viswanath and produced by V & C Productions . The film stars P. A. Thomas , Ammini in lead roles . The film had musical score by P. S. Divakar . It is the first jungle movie in Malayalam , also the debut film of Neyyattinkara Komalam , director G. Viswanath , lyricist P. Kunjukrishna Menon , singer Jikki and cameraman Arumugham .'}]}, {'value': '9 June 1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G. Vishwanathan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yachakan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yachakan', 'summary': 'Yachakan is a 1951 Indian Malayalam film , directed by R. Velappan Nair and produced by K. S. Akhileswarayyar . The film stars Prof. M. P. Manmathan , Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair and Miss Kumari . The musical score is by S. N. Chaami ( S. N. Ranganathan ) .'}]}, {'value': '12 September 1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R. Velappan Nair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R._Velappan_Nair', 'summary': 'R. Velappan Nair was a former Malayalam film director , producer and cinematographer . His movie in 1969 , Aaryankavu Kollasangam was a very new experiment in Indian cinema .'}]}, {'value': 'M. P. Manmathan , Miss Kumari , Kottarakkara , S. P. Pillai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Kumari', 'summary': 'Miss Kumari ( 1932-1969 ) was a Malayalam film actress active between 1949 and 1969 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/S._P._Pillai', 'summary': 'S. P. Pillai ( 1913 - 12 June 1985 ) was an Indian film and stage actor , best known for his comic roles in Malayalam films .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Suhruthu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suhruthu', 'summary': 'Suhruthu is a 1952 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Joseph Pallippaattu . The film stars M. S. Namboothiri and Alex Parakkal in the lead roles . The film had musical score by G. Viswanath .'}]}, {'value': '16 January 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph Pallipad', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alphonsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alphonsa_(film)', 'summary': 'Alphonsa is a 1952 Indian Malayalam film , directed by O. J. Thottan and produced by N. X. George . The film stars Jose Prakash and Miss Kumari in the lead roles . The film had musical score by T. R. Pappa .'}]}, {'value': '5 February 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'O. J. Thottan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aathmasanthi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aathmasanthi', 'summary': 'Aathmasanthi is a 1952 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Joseph Thaliyath . The film stars T. K. Madhavan Nair and Miss Kumari in the lead roles . The film was dubbed into Tamil with the same title and released in the same year . Tamil dialogues and songs were written by Nanchilnadu T. N. Rajappa . Two songs , Vandi Rendum Oduthu Paar and Kadhal Vaazhvil Thaaney were written by K. P. Kamatchi .'}]}, {'value': '21 March 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph Thaliyath ( Jr . )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sathyan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sathyaneshan_Nadar', 'summary': "Sathyan ( born Cheruvilakathu Veettil Manuel Sathyaneshan Nadar ; 9 November 1912 - 15 June 1971 ) was an Indian film actor known for his work in Malayalam cinema . Noted for his natural style and versatility , Sathyan won two Kerala State Film Awards for Best Actor . He was also popularly referred to as Sathyan Master . Sathyan served as an officer in the British Indian Army during World War II . After the war , he joined the Travancore State Police as an inspector in the late-1940s . During this time he got interested in acting and acted in amateur stage plays . Sathyan made his acting debut in the 1952 film Athmasakhi . He rose to stardom with the critical and commercial success of Neelakkuyil ( 1954 ) . Sathyan dominated the industry throughout the 1950s and 1960s along with Prem Nazir . He 's remembered for his performances in Nairu Pidicha Pulivalu ( 1958 ) , Bhagyajathakam ( 1962 ) , Thacholi Othenan ( 1964 ) , Odayil Ninnu ( 1965 ) , Chemmeen ( 1965 ) , Yakshi ( 1968 ) , Kadalpalam ( 1969 ) , Vaazhve Mayam ( 1970 ) , Anubhavangal Paalichakal ( 1971 ) , and Karakanakadal ( 1971 ) . Sathyan won the Best Actor Award at the 1st Kerala State Film Awards for his double role in Kadalpalam . He won the Kerala State Award for Best Actor again for his performance in the 1971 film Karakanakadal ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanchana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanchana_(1952_film)', 'summary': 'Kanchana is a 1952 Indian Tamil-Telugu-Malayalam drama film produced and directed by S. M. Sriramulu Naidu . The story is based on a popular Tamil novel , Kanchanayin Kanavu , authored by Lakshmi Thiripurasundari .'}]}, {'value': '1 May 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Ramulu Naidu', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marumakal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marumakal', 'summary': 'Marumakal ( transl . Daughter-in-law ) is a 1952 Indian Malayalam-language family drama film directed by M. K. Chari , written by Kedamangalam Sadanandan and produced by Paul Kallungal . The film marks the onscreen debut of Prem Nazir , who played the lead role , and also features Kedamangalam Sadanandan , T. S. Muthaiah , S. J. Dev , Neyyattinkara Komalam , Revathi , Ammini , S. V. Susheela , Vijayalakshmi and Durga Varma in other important roles .'}]}, {'value': '9 May 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S. K. Chari', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prem Nazir ( debut ) , Neyyatinkara Komalam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prem_Nazir', 'summary': "Prem Nazir ( born Abdul Khader ; 7 April 1926 - 16 January 1989 ) was an Indian film actor known as one of Malayalam cinema 's definitive leading men of his generation . He is considered one of the greatest and most successful actors of Indian cinema . Nazir is often referred to as Nithyaharitha Nayakan ( Evergreen Hero ) . Nazir began his career as a stage actor and made his film debut with the 1952 film Marumakal . He took on the stage name Prem Nazir on the sets of his second film , Visappinte Vili ( 1952 ) . Nazir rose to stardom during the 1950s to become one of the biggest superstars from the 1950s to his death in 1989 . He is most famous for being a romantic actor . After 1985 , he intentionally moved from main hero roles to character roles as he wanted to do all kinds of characters , as other artists do . Nazir is noted for his critically acclaimed performances in films such as Murappennu ( 1965 ) , Iruttinte Athmavu ( 1967 ) , Kallichellamma ( 1969 ) , Nadhi ( 1969 ) , Anubhavangal Paalichakal ( 1971 ) , Azhakulla Saleena ( 1973 ) , Vida Parayum Munpe ( 1981 ) , Padayottam ( 1982 ) , and Dhwani ( 1988 ) . Nazir won the Kerala State Film Award ( Special Jury Award ) for his role as Madhavan Kutty in Vida Parayum Munpe . The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri , the third and fourth highest civilian honours respectively , for his contribution towards the arts . He died due to measles on 16 January 1989 at the age of 62 ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Premalekha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Premalekha', 'summary': 'Premalekha is a 1952 Indian Malayalam film , directed by M. K. Ramani . The film stars Jose Prakash and S. P. Pillai in the lead roles . The film had musical score by P. S. Divakar .'}]}, {'value': '25 July 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. K. Ramani', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aathmasakhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aathmasakhi', 'summary': 'Aathmasakhi ( transl . My wife ) is a 1952 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by G. R. Rao . The film marks the acting debut of Sathyan , who played the lead role along with B. S. Saroja . The film has musical score by Br Lakshmanan . The film was dubbed into Tamil with the title Priyasakhi . Dialogues and lyrics were written by Kambadasan .'}]}, {'value': '17 August 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G. R. Rao', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sathyan ( debut )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sathyaneshan_Nadar', 'summary': "Sathyan ( born Cheruvilakathu Veettil Manuel Sathyaneshan Nadar ; 9 November 1912 - 15 June 1971 ) was an Indian film actor known for his work in Malayalam cinema . Noted for his natural style and versatility , Sathyan won two Kerala State Film Awards for Best Actor . He was also popularly referred to as Sathyan Master . Sathyan served as an officer in the British Indian Army during World War II . After the war , he joined the Travancore State Police as an inspector in the late-1940s . During this time he got interested in acting and acted in amateur stage plays . Sathyan made his acting debut in the 1952 film Athmasakhi . He rose to stardom with the critical and commercial success of Neelakkuyil ( 1954 ) . Sathyan dominated the industry throughout the 1950s and 1960s along with Prem Nazir . He 's remembered for his performances in Nairu Pidicha Pulivalu ( 1958 ) , Bhagyajathakam ( 1962 ) , Thacholi Othenan ( 1964 ) , Odayil Ninnu ( 1965 ) , Chemmeen ( 1965 ) , Yakshi ( 1968 ) , Kadalpalam ( 1969 ) , Vaazhve Mayam ( 1970 ) , Anubhavangal Paalichakal ( 1971 ) , and Karakanakadal ( 1971 ) . Sathyan won the Best Actor Award at the 1st Kerala State Film Awards for his double role in Kadalpalam . He won the Kerala State Award for Best Actor again for his performance in the 1971 film Karakanakadal ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Visappinte Vili', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Visappinte_Vili', 'summary': 'Visappinte Vili ( transl . Call of hunger ) is a 1952 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Mohan Rao and produced by Kunchacko and K. V. Koshi under the banner of K & K Combines . It stars Prem Nazir , Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair , Kumari Thankam , Pankajavalli , Nanukuttan , Mathappan , S. P. Pillai and Baby Girija . It was the second film in the career of Prem Nazir . His first appearance with the name Prem Nazir was in this film . It was on the sets of this film that he was renamed Prem Nazir by Thikkurussi Sukumaran Nair . He was credited as Abdul Khader in his debut film Marumakal . Visappinte Vili became the break in his career . Made on a low budget , the film became the highest-grossing film of the year . There were ten other releases in 1952 , out of which only Amma enjoyed success . The film was remade by K. J. Mohan Rao in Tamil as Pasiyin Kodumai and released on 28 November 1952 . Paa .'}]}, {'value': '22 August 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohan Rao', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prem Nazir , Kumari Thankam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prem_Nazir', 'summary': "Prem Nazir ( born Abdul Khader ; 7 April 1926 - 16 January 1989 ) was an Indian film actor known as one of Malayalam cinema 's definitive leading men of his generation . He is considered one of the greatest and most successful actors of Indian cinema . Nazir is often referred to as Nithyaharitha Nayakan ( Evergreen Hero ) . Nazir began his career as a stage actor and made his film debut with the 1952 film Marumakal . He took on the stage name Prem Nazir on the sets of his second film , Visappinte Vili ( 1952 ) . Nazir rose to stardom during the 1950s to become one of the biggest superstars from the 1950s to his death in 1989 . He is most famous for being a romantic actor . After 1985 , he intentionally moved from main hero roles to character roles as he wanted to do all kinds of characters , as other artists do . Nazir is noted for his critically acclaimed performances in films such as Murappennu ( 1965 ) , Iruttinte Athmavu ( 1967 ) , Kallichellamma ( 1969 ) , Nadhi ( 1969 ) , Anubhavangal Paalichakal ( 1971 ) , Azhakulla Saleena ( 1973 ) , Vida Parayum Munpe ( 1981 ) , Padayottam ( 1982 ) , and Dhwani ( 1988 ) . Nazir won the Kerala State Film Award ( Special Jury Award ) for his role as Madhavan Kutty in Vida Parayum Munpe . The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri , the third and fourth highest civilian honours respectively , for his contribution towards the arts . He died due to measles on 16 January 1989 at the age of 62 ."}]}], 'section_title': '1950-1959', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Malayalam_films_before_1960_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of films produced in the Malayalam cinema and language from the beginning, 1928-1960, in chronological order:'} | null | null | On what legend is the 1950 film based that starred the actress active between 1949 and 1969 and was the second film produced at the Udaya Studios ? | Nalla Thanka |
0bbfa84214d780ae | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NHL_playoff_series', 'title': 'List of NHL playoff series', 'header': ['Opponent', 'S', 'Occurrences', 'GP', 'Rec', '%'], 'data': [{'value': 'Edmonton Oilers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers', 'summary': "The Edmonton Oilers are a professional ice hockey team based in Edmonton . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Oilers were officially founded in 1971 by W. D. Wild Bill Hunter and Dr. Chuck Allard . The team played its first season in 1972 , as one of the twelve founding franchises of the major professional World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . They were originally intended to be one of two WHA Alberta teams , along with the Calgary Broncos . However , when the Broncos relocated to Cleveland , Ohio , before the WHA 's first season began , the Oilers were renamed the Alberta Oilers . They returned to their current name in the following year , and subsequently joined the NHL in 1979 as one of four franchises absorbed through the NHL merger with the WHA . After joining the NHL , the Oilers went on to win the Stanley Cup on five occasions : 1983-84 , 1984-85 , 1986-87 , 1987-88 and 1989-90 . Along with the Pittsburgh Penguins , they are tied for the most championships won by any team since the NHL-WHA merger and also the most won by any team that joined the league in or after 1967 . Among all NHL teams , only the Montreal Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times since the League 's 1967 expansion . For their success in the 1980s , the Oilers team of this era has been honoured with dynasty status by the Hockey Hall of Fame . However , the Oilers began to struggle greatly shortly after the 2004-05 NHL lockout , having missed the playoffs every year since 2006 , with the exception of 2016-17 ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982 , 1985 , 1987 , 1989 , 1990 , 1991 , 1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1982 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 7 , after the conclusion of the 1981-82 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 16 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Vancouver Canucks 3-1 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1985_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1985 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1984-85 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 30 with the champion Edmonton Oilers defeating the Philadelphia Flyers 8-3 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1987_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1987 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1986-87 NHL season . It concluded on May 31 , with the Edmonton Oilers defeating the Philadelphia Flyers to win the Stanley Cup . In an attempt to reduce the number of first round upsets , the NHL expanded the best-of-five series in the first round to a best-of-seven series . The 1987 playoffs marked the second consecutive year that all four former WHA teams made the playoffs in the same year . It would not happen again until 1999 by which time 3 of those teams had moved , the Quebec Nordiques to Denver , the Winnipeg Jets to Phoenix , and the Hartford Whalers to Raleigh , North Carolina . For the second time ever and first time since 1978 , all of the Original Six teams made the playoffs in the same season . At the time the Philadelphia Flyers set an NHL playoff record by playing in 26 games during the playoffs . This record has since been equaled by four other teams ( 2004 Calgary Flames , 2014 Los Angeles Kings , 2015 Tampa Bay Lightning and 2019 St. Louis Blues ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1989_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 5 , after the conclusion of the 1988-89 NHL season . This was the final year that all of the Division Semifinals began with teams playing the first four games in a span of five days . The playoffs concluded on May 25 with the champion Calgary Flames defeating the Montreal Canadiens 4-2 to win the Stanley Cup Final series four games to two . It remains the last time that the Cup Finals was contested between two Canadian hockey teams . Montreal finished the regular season with 115 points , only two behind the league leader Calgary . They had last faced each other in 1986 , with Montreal winning in five games . Calgary was only the second opposing team in NHL history to win a Stanley Cup at the Montreal Forum ( the New York Rangers defeated the Montreal Maroons in 1928 ) and the first and only to do so against the Canadiens . Flames defenceman Al MacInnis won the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP , while Lanny McDonald , who ended the regular season with exactly 500 goals , got his name on the Cup in his last ever NHL game . Flames co-owner Sonia Scurfield became the first Canadian woman to have her name inscribed on the Stanley Cup . Wayne Gretzky and the Los Angeles Kings met the defending champion Oilers in the first round . Gretzky and the Kings defeated the defending Stanley Cup champions after falling behind 3 games to 1 . In the second round the Kings were swept by the eventual champion Calgary Flames in four games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1990_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 5 , 1990 , following the 1989-90 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the last time that the Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs until 2017 . They would make the playoffs for 25 consecutive seasons from 1991 to 2016 , excluding 2005 , when the season was cancelled . Since entering the NHL as expansion teams in the 1967-68 NHL season this was the first and only time to date that both the Philadelphia Flyers and Pittsburgh Penguins missed the playoffs in the same season . The playoffs concluded on May 24 with the Edmonton Oilers winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Boston Bruins in the final series four games to one . Edmonton goaltender Bill Ranford was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1991_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 3 , 1991 , following the 1990-91 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017 . Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history , and was the longest active playoff appearance streak in the four major American professional sports . The finals concluded on May 25 with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Minnesota North Stars in the final series four games to two . Pittsburgh forward Mario Lemieux was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs . This was the first NHL playoffs without any series sweeps since the 1972-73 season . In addition , this season set the record for most playoff games played with 92 , which stood until 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1992_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 18 , after the conclusion of the 1991-92 NHL season . It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup , and it was won by the Pittsburgh Penguins , defeating the Chicago Blackhawks . The 1992 playoffs saw history being made , as for the first time ever , all four division winners were eliminated in the same round . In the division finals , the Norris Division champion Detroit Red Wings were swept by the Chicago Blackhawks in four straight games , and the Montreal Canadiens , who had won the Adams Division , suffered the same fate at the hands of the Boston Bruins . The Pittsburgh Penguins eliminated the Patrick Division titlists , the New York Rangers , in six games , while the Vancouver Canucks , the Smythe Division toppers , fell to the Edmonton Oilers , also in six games . A record 54 games were played in the first round , with six of the eight series going the full seven games , in addition three series featured teams coming back from 3-1 series deficits , the most in a single playoff year ; this record was equaled in 2003 . The only two series that did n't go seven games were the Oilers ' six-game win over the Kings , and the Blackhawks ' six-game win over the Blues . This was the last year the Hartford Whalers and Minnesota North Stars qualified for the playoffs . The franchises would not reach the post-season again until 1999 and 1994 respectively . By the time each franchise reached the playoffs again , they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes and the Dallas Stars , respectively . Video replay was used to decide a playoff game for the first time in game six of the Detroit-Minnesota division semifinal . Sergei Fedorov of the Red Wings appeared to hit the crossbar behind Minnesota goalie Jon Casey during the first overtime , but after the North Stars iced the puck immediately afterward , referee Rob Shick called for a video review , which determined that the puck had entered the goal just below the crossbar and caromed off the frame at the back of the net ."}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.286', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calgary Flames', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calgary_Flames', 'summary': "The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The club is the third major professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary , following the Calgary Tigers ( 1921-1927 ) and Calgary Cowboys ( 1975-1977 ) . The Flames are one of two NHL franchises in Alberta ; the other is the Edmonton Oilers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta . The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980 . The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena , the Scotiabank Saddledome ( originally known as the Olympic Saddledome ) , in 1983 . In 1985-86 , the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923-24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup . In 1988-89 , the Flames won their first and only championship . The Flames ' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile , and in 2011 the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game . The Flames have won two Presidents ' Trophies as the NHL 's top regular season team , and have claimed seven division championships . Individually , Jarome Iginla is the franchise leader in games played , goals and points and is a two-time winner of the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy as the NHL 's leading goal scorer ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 , 1977 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1975-76 NHL season was the 59th season of the National Hockey League . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup , defeating the defending champion Philadelphia Flyers in the final . This season also marked the final time that Hockey Night in Canada on CBC in Canada would air both radio and television broadcasts of games , the show would become exclusive to television the next season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1977_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1976-77 NHL season was the 60th season of the National Hockey League . The Kansas City Scouts moved to Denver , Colorado , and became the Colorado Rockies and the California Golden Seals moved to Cleveland , Ohio , and became the Cleveland Barons . The Montreal Canadiens once again dominated the playoffs as , for the second straight year , they swept their opponent four games to none in the final series for the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1988_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1988 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 6 , after the conclusion of the 1987-88 NHL season . It concluded on May 26 , with the defending champion Edmonton Oilers defeating the Boston Bruins to win their second straight Stanley Cup and fourth in five years .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1989_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 5 , after the conclusion of the 1988-89 NHL season . This was the final year that all of the Division Semifinals began with teams playing the first four games in a span of five days . The playoffs concluded on May 25 with the champion Calgary Flames defeating the Montreal Canadiens 4-2 to win the Stanley Cup Final series four games to two . It remains the last time that the Cup Finals was contested between two Canadian hockey teams . Montreal finished the regular season with 115 points , only two behind the league leader Calgary . They had last faced each other in 1986 , with Montreal winning in five games . Calgary was only the second opposing team in NHL history to win a Stanley Cup at the Montreal Forum ( the New York Rangers defeated the Montreal Maroons in 1928 ) and the first and only to do so against the Canadiens . Flames defenceman Al MacInnis won the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP , while Lanny McDonald , who ended the regular season with exactly 500 goals , got his name on the Cup in his last ever NHL game . Flames co-owner Sonia Scurfield became the first Canadian woman to have her name inscribed on the Stanley Cup . Wayne Gretzky and the Los Angeles Kings met the defending champion Oilers in the first round . Gretzky and the Kings defeated the defending Stanley Cup champions after falling behind 3 games to 1 . In the second round the Kings were swept by the eventual champion Calgary Flames in four games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1990_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 5 , 1990 , following the 1989-90 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the last time that the Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs until 2017 . They would make the playoffs for 25 consecutive seasons from 1991 to 2016 , excluding 2005 , when the season was cancelled . Since entering the NHL as expansion teams in the 1967-68 NHL season this was the first and only time to date that both the Philadelphia Flyers and Pittsburgh Penguins missed the playoffs in the same season . The playoffs concluded on May 24 with the Edmonton Oilers winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Boston Bruins in the final series four games to one . Edmonton goaltender Bill Ranford was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1993_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began after the conclusion of the 1992-93 NHL season on April 18 and ended with the Montreal Canadiens defeating the Los Angeles Kings four games to one to win the Stanley Cup on June 9 . These playoffs featured an NHL record 28 overtime games , of which the Canadiens set a playoff record for most overtime games won in one year with ten . The Canadiens also won 11 consecutive games during the playoffs , tying an NHL record . The Presidents ' Trophy-winning Pittsburgh Penguins , who had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years , were the favourite to repeat . However , both conferences saw numerous upsets as the third place team in every division reached their respective conference finals . This was the first time since the 1979 NHL-WHA merger that the Edmonton Oilers had missed the playoffs . It was also the first time that longtime Oilers and then-New York Rangers captain Mark Messier had missed the playoffs in his career . This was the only year between 1984 and 1994 that the Boston Bruins and Montreal Canadiens did not face each other in the playoffs . This was the last time that the New York Islanders won a playoff round before 2016 . Montreal 's Cup championship remains the last time that a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup ."}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.667', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vancouver Canucks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks', 'summary': "The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena , formerly known as General Motors Place , which has an official capacity of 18,910 . Travis Green is the head coach and Jim Benning is the general manager . The Canucks joined the league in 1970 as an expansion team along with the Buffalo Sabres . In its NHL history , the team has advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals three times , losing to the New York Islanders in 1982 , the New York Rangers in 1994 and the Boston Bruins in 2011 . They have won the Presidents ' Trophy in back-to-back seasons as the team with the league 's best regular season record in the 2010-11 and 2011-12 seasons . They won three division titles as a member of the Smythe Division from 1974 to 1993 , and seven titles as a member of the Northwest Division from 1998 to 2013 . The Canucks , along with fellow expansion team , the Buffalo Sabres , are the two oldest teams to have never won the Stanley Cup . The Canucks have retired six players ' jerseys in their history - Stan Smyl ( 12 ) , Trevor Linden ( 16 ) , Markus Naslund ( 19 ) , Daniel Sedin ( 22 ) , Henrik Sedin ( 33 ) , and Pavel Bure ( 10 ) ; all but Bure and Daniel Sedin have served as team captain . Smyl has the distinction of being the only Canuck to have his jersey number retired at their former arena , the Pacific Coliseum ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982 , 1991 , 1993 , 2010 , 2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1982 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 7 , after the conclusion of the 1981-82 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 16 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Vancouver Canucks 3-1 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1991_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 3 , 1991 , following the 1990-91 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017 . Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history , and was the longest active playoff appearance streak in the four major American professional sports . The finals concluded on May 25 with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Minnesota North Stars in the final series four games to two . Pittsburgh forward Mario Lemieux was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs . This was the first NHL playoffs without any series sweeps since the 1972-73 season . In addition , this season set the record for most playoff games played with 92 , which stood until 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1993_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began after the conclusion of the 1992-93 NHL season on April 18 and ended with the Montreal Canadiens defeating the Los Angeles Kings four games to one to win the Stanley Cup on June 9 . These playoffs featured an NHL record 28 overtime games , of which the Canadiens set a playoff record for most overtime games won in one year with ten . The Canadiens also won 11 consecutive games during the playoffs , tying an NHL record . The Presidents ' Trophy-winning Pittsburgh Penguins , who had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years , were the favourite to repeat . However , both conferences saw numerous upsets as the third place team in every division reached their respective conference finals . This was the first time since the 1979 NHL-WHA merger that the Edmonton Oilers had missed the playoffs . It was also the first time that longtime Oilers and then-New York Rangers captain Mark Messier had missed the playoffs in his career . This was the only year between 1984 and 1994 that the Boston Bruins and Montreal Canadiens did not face each other in the playoffs . This was the last time that the New York Islanders won a playoff round before 2016 . Montreal 's Cup championship remains the last time that a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2010_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 14 , 2010 , after the 2009-10 NHL regular season . The Finals ended on June 9 , 2010 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games to win their fourth championship and their first since 1961 . Blackhawks center and team captain Jonathan Toews was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' most valuable player . This NHL post-season was noted for the unexpected playoff successes of two teams : the Philadelphia Flyers and Montreal Canadiens , who were the seventh and eighth seeds in their conference and were tied for points . The Flyers became the third NHL team to win a seven-game series after being down 3-0 ( the others being the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs and the 1975 New York Islanders ) . The Flyers went on to play in the Stanley Cup Final , losing to Chicago . Meanwhile , the Canadiens became the first eighth-seeded team in NHL history to win a series against the first-seeded team after being down 3-1 in a series , when they beat the Washington Capitals in the first round . After upsetting the defending Cup champions Pittsburgh Penguins in the second round , the Canadiens became the first eighth-seeded team to compete in the Eastern Conference Finals since the current playoff format was implemented in 1994 . Previously , only the eighth-seeded 2006 Edmonton Oilers had accomplished a similar feat , winning the 2006 Western Conference Finals . As a result of the Canadiens having the eighth seed , the Flyers became the first seventh-seed to have home-ice advantage in the conference finals since the current playoff format was instituted . During the 2010 playoffs , 18 games went to overtime ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 11 , 2012 , after the conclusion of the 2011-12 NHL regular season . These playoffs marked only the second time since the 1996 playoffs in which no Canadian teams advanced past the first round . These playoffs featured the return of the Florida Panthers to the postseason for the first time since the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , one of the longest playoff droughts in league history . The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals started on May 30 and ended on June 11 , with the Los Angeles Kings defeating the New Jersey Devils in six games to win their first Stanley Cup title . Kings goaltender Jonathan Quick , having recorded a 1.41 goals against average , was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as playoff MVP . After clinching a postseason spot in their 81st game of the regular season , the Kings became the first eighth-seeded team to win the Stanley Cup in NHL history ( and the second eighth seed to reach the Cup Finals after the 2005-06 Edmonton Oilers ) , also being the second team to eliminate the first , second , and third seeds from the playoffs in the same postseason after the 2003-04 Calgary Flames ( and the first team to do so in that order ) . In addition , the Kings became the first team to make the Final undefeated on the road ( with their 8-0 record ) . As the sixth seed in their conference , the Devils were the lowest-seeded team to have home-ice advantage in the Stanley Cup Finals , breaking a record they set when they won the Cup as a fourth seed in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969 , 1998 , 2012 , 2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1969_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1968-69 NHL season was the 52nd season of the National Hockey League . Twelve teams each played 76 games ( two more than in 1967-68 ) . For the second time in a row , the Montreal Canadiens faced the St. Louis Blues in the Stanley Cup finals . Montreal won their second consecutive Stanley Cup as they swept the Blues in four , an identical result to the previous season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1998_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 22 , 1998 following the 1997-98 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-7 series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-7 series for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs concluded on June 16 with the Detroit Red Wings winning their second consecutive Stanley Cup championship , defeating the Washington Capitals , who appeared in their very first Finals , in a four-game sweep . Red Wings captain Steve Yzerman was named playoff MVP , and awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy . The 1997-98 Detroit Red Wings were the last team to defend their Stanley Cup Championship until the Pittsburgh Penguins successfully defended their Stanley Cup title in 2017 . In the Eastern Semis , the Buffalo Sabres made history as they became the first team in NHL history to complete a four-game sweep of the Montreal Canadiens on Montreal ice . For the first time since 1969 the Chicago Blackhawks missed the playoffs . Also , both the Islanders and Rangers missed the playoffs in the same season for the first time .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 11 , 2012 , after the conclusion of the 2011-12 NHL regular season . These playoffs marked only the second time since the 1996 playoffs in which no Canadian teams advanced past the first round . These playoffs featured the return of the Florida Panthers to the postseason for the first time since the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , one of the longest playoff droughts in league history . The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals started on May 30 and ended on June 11 , with the Los Angeles Kings defeating the New Jersey Devils in six games to win their first Stanley Cup title . Kings goaltender Jonathan Quick , having recorded a 1.41 goals against average , was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as playoff MVP . After clinching a postseason spot in their 81st game of the regular season , the Kings became the first eighth-seeded team to win the Stanley Cup in NHL history ( and the second eighth seed to reach the Cup Finals after the 2005-06 Edmonton Oilers ) , also being the second team to eliminate the first , second , and third seeds from the playoffs in the same postseason after the 2003-04 Calgary Flames ( and the first team to do so in that order ) . In addition , the Kings became the first team to make the Final undefeated on the road ( with their 8-0 record ) . As the sixth seed in their conference , the Devils were the lowest-seeded team to have home-ice advantage in the Stanley Cup Finals , breaking a record they set when they won the Cup as a fourth seed in 2000 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 30 , 2013 , following the conclusion of the 2012-13 NHL regular season . The regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The playoffs ended on June 24 , 2013 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup . Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP , with 19 points ( 9 goals and 10 assists ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , breaking one of the NHL 's longest playoff droughts . Since the 1967 expansion , only the Colorado Rockies/New Jersey Devils ( 1979-1987 ) , the Florida Panthers ( 2001-2011 ) , and Edmonton Oilers ( 2007-2016 ) have had longer playoff droughts . The New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs this year , marking the first time this happened since the Devils ' move to the East Coast in 1982 . The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs marked the first time since 1996 that every Original Six team has advanced to the playoffs in the same year . Also , this year marks the first time since 2004 that two Canadian teams have played each other in the playoffs . In all , four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs ( Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , and Vancouver ) , the most since 2006 . For the second time in three years , all three teams from California made the playoffs . For the first time since 2007 , and for only the third time in history , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Jose Sharks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks', 'summary': "The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose , California . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises . Beginning play in the 1991-92 season , the Sharks initially played their home games at the Cow Palace , before they moved to their present home , now named SAP Center at San Jose , in 1993 . The SAP Center is known locally as the Shark Tank . The Sharks were founded in 1991 and were the first NHL franchise based in the San Francisco Bay Area since the California Golden Seals relocated to Cleveland in 1976 . The Sharks have advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals once , losing to the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2016 . They have won the Presidents ' Trophy once , as the team with the league 's best regular season record in the 2008-09 season . They have also won six division titles as a member of the Pacific Division since 1993 . The club is affiliated with the San Jose Barracuda of the American Hockey League ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 , 2013 , 2014 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2011 , after the conclusion of the 2010-11 NHL regular season . The first game of the Finals was held on June 1 , while the deciding seventh game was held on June 15 . The Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in seven games in the Finals to capture their first Stanley Cup championship since 1972 , their sixth overall Stanley Cup win . Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player during the playoffs . Bruins forward David Krejci led all playoff scorers with 23 points in 25 games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 30 , 2013 , following the conclusion of the 2012-13 NHL regular season . The regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The playoffs ended on June 24 , 2013 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup . Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP , with 19 points ( 9 goals and 10 assists ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , breaking one of the NHL 's longest playoff droughts . Since the 1967 expansion , only the Colorado Rockies/New Jersey Devils ( 1979-1987 ) , the Florida Panthers ( 2001-2011 ) , and Edmonton Oilers ( 2007-2016 ) have had longer playoff droughts . The New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs this year , marking the first time this happened since the Devils ' move to the East Coast in 1982 . The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs marked the first time since 1996 that every Original Six team has advanced to the playoffs in the same year . Also , this year marks the first time since 2004 that two Canadian teams have played each other in the playoffs . In all , four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs ( Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , and Vancouver ) , the most since 2006 . For the second time in three years , all three teams from California made the playoffs . For the first time since 2007 , and for only the third time in history , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2016 and ended on June 12 , 2016 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the San Jose Sharks four games to two in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals . For only the second time in league history ( 1970 being the only other time ) , none of the NHL 's Canadian-based teams , seven in total , qualified for the postseason . In addition , for the second season in a row and only the fifth time since joining the league in 1979 , all four former WHA teams ( the Edmonton Oilers , Arizona Coyotes , Carolina Hurricanes and Colorado Avalanche ) missed the playoffs . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . This was the final season of the Detroit Red Wings ' 25-season playoff appearance streak , the longest streak at the time and tied for third longest in NHL history . The Florida Panthers qualified for the playoffs for only the second time since the 1999-2000 season - both times winning their division - and fifth time in franchise history . For the fourth time in six years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . And , for only the second time ever ( 1996 being the only other time ) , both Florida-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . For the first time since 2006 , and only the third time in league history , all Original Six teams who made the playoffs ( three in total ) were eliminated in the first round . The New York Islanders won their first post-season series since the 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs , ending the third longest post-season win drought in NHL history . For the seventh consecutive season and eleventh out of thirteen seasons , a team from California was in the Western Conference Final ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Blackhawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks', 'summary': "The Chicago Blackhawks ( spelled Black Hawks until 1986 , and known colloquially as the Hawks ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . They have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926 . The Blackhawks are one of the Original Six NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , Toronto Maple Leafs , Boston Bruins and New York Rangers . Since 1994 , the club 's home rink is the United Center , which they share with the National Basketball Association 's Chicago Bulls . The club had previously played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium . The club 's original owner was Frederic McLaughlin , who owned the club until his death in 1944 . Under McLaughlin , a hands-on owner who fired many coaches during his ownership , the club won two Stanley Cup titles . The club was then owned by the Norris family , who as owners of the Chicago Stadium were the club 's landlord , and owned stakes in several of the NHL teams . At first , the Norris ownership was as part of a syndicate fronted by long-time executive Bill Tobin , and the team languished in favor of the Norris-owned Detroit Red Wings . After the senior James E. Norris died in 1952 , the Norris assets were spread among family members and James D. Norris became owner . Norris Jr. took an active interest in the team and under his ownership , the club won one Stanley Cup title in 1961 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1974 , 2013 , 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1973-74 NHL season was the 57th season of the National Hockey League . The Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup championship , the team 's first . The team was the first of the post-1967 teams to win the Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 30 , 2013 , following the conclusion of the 2012-13 NHL regular season . The regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The playoffs ended on June 24 , 2013 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup . Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP , with 19 points ( 9 goals and 10 assists ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , breaking one of the NHL 's longest playoff droughts . Since the 1967 expansion , only the Colorado Rockies/New Jersey Devils ( 1979-1987 ) , the Florida Panthers ( 2001-2011 ) , and Edmonton Oilers ( 2007-2016 ) have had longer playoff droughts . The New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs this year , marking the first time this happened since the Devils ' move to the East Coast in 1982 . The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs marked the first time since 1996 that every Original Six team has advanced to the playoffs in the same year . Also , this year marks the first time since 2004 that two Canadian teams have played each other in the playoffs . In all , four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs ( Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , and Vancouver ) , the most since 2006 . For the second time in three years , all three teams from California made the playoffs . For the first time since 2007 , and for only the third time in history , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Rangers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Rangers', 'summary': 'The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan , an arena they share with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They are one of three NHL teams located in the New York metropolitan area ; the others being the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders . Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard , the Rangers are one of the Original Six teams that competed in the NHL before its 1967 expansion , along with the Boston Bruins , Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs . The team attained success early on under the guidance of Lester Patrick , who coached a team containing Frank Boucher , Murray Murdoch , and Bun and Bill Cook to Stanley Cup glory in 1928 , making them the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the trophy . The team would then go onto win two additional Stanley Cups in 1933 and 1940 . Following this initial grace period , the franchise struggled between the 1940s and 1960s , whereby playoff appearances and success was infrequent . The team enjoyed a mini renaissance in the 1970s , where they made the Stanley Cup finals twice , albeit , losing to the Bruins in 1972 and the Canadiens in 1979 . The Rangers subsequently embraced a rebuild for much of the 1980s and early 1990s , which eventually paid dividends , where the team , led by Mark Messier , Brian Leetch , Adam Graves , and Mike Richter , captured their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 . The team was unable to duplicate that success in the years that followed , and entered into another period of mediocrity . They endured a franchise-record seven-year postseason drought from 1998 to 2005 , and languished for the majority of the 2000s before enjoying another period of prosperity after the 2004-05 NHL Lockout .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979 , 1981 , 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1979_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League , ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1978-79 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 , with the three-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4-1 to win the Final series four games to one for the Stanley Cup . Three Original Six teams made the semifinals , which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1981_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1980-81 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Minnesota North Stars 5-1 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto Maple Leafs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs', 'summary': "The Toronto Maple Leafs , officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs , are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum . The Maple Leafs ' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications . For their first 14 seasons , the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena , before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931 . The Maple Leafs moved to their present home , Scotiabank Arena ( originally named the Air Canada Centre ) in February 1999 . The club was founded in 1917 , operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas . Under new ownership , the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919 . In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs . A member of the Original Six , the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression . The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships , second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens . The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties , from 1947 to 1951 ; and from 1962 to 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975 , 1978 , 1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1974-75 NHL season was the 58th season of the National Hockey League . Two new teams , the Washington Capitals and Kansas City Scouts were added , increasing the number of teams to 18 . To accommodate the new teams , the NHL re-organized its divisional structure and playoff format . The regular season was expanded to 80 games per team ( which would be the case until 1992-93 ) . The Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1978_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1977-78 NHL season was the 61st season of the National Hockey League . The Montreal Canadiens won their third Stanley Cup in a row , defeating the Boston Bruins four games to two in the Stanley Cup Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1993_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began after the conclusion of the 1992-93 NHL season on April 18 and ended with the Montreal Canadiens defeating the Los Angeles Kings four games to one to win the Stanley Cup on June 9 . These playoffs featured an NHL record 28 overtime games , of which the Canadiens set a playoff record for most overtime games won in one year with ten . The Canadiens also won 11 consecutive games during the playoffs , tying an NHL record . The Presidents ' Trophy-winning Pittsburgh Penguins , who had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years , were the favourite to repeat . However , both conferences saw numerous upsets as the third place team in every division reached their respective conference finals . This was the first time since the 1979 NHL-WHA merger that the Edmonton Oilers had missed the playoffs . It was also the first time that longtime Oilers and then-New York Rangers captain Mark Messier had missed the playoffs in his career . This was the only year between 1984 and 1994 that the Boston Bruins and Montreal Canadiens did not face each other in the playoffs . This was the last time that the New York Islanders won a playoff round before 2016 . Montreal 's Cup championship remains the last time that a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Detroit Red Wings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings', 'summary': 'The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference , and are one of the Original Six teams of the league . Founded in 1926 , the team was known as the Detroit Cougars until 1930 . For the 1930-31 and 1931-32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons , and in 1932 changed their name to the Red Wings . As of 2020 [ update ] , the Red Wings have won the most Stanley Cup championships of any NHL franchise based in the United States ( 11 ) and are third overall in total Stanley Cup championships , behind the Montreal Canadiens ( 24 ) and Toronto Maple Leafs ( 13 ) . The Wings played their home games at Joe Louis Arena from 1979 until 2017 , after playing for 52 years in Olympia Stadium . They moved into the new Little Caesars Arena beginning with the 2017-18 season . The Red Wings are one of the most popular and successful franchises in the NHL ; fans and sports commentators refer to the Detroit area as Hockeytown , which has been a registered trademark owned by the franchise since 1996 . Between the 1931-32 and 1965-66 seasons , the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times . Between the 1966-67 and 1982-83 seasons , the Red Wings made the playoffs only two times . However , thereafter , from 1983-84 to 2015-16 , they made the playoffs 30 times in 32 seasons , including 25-straight from 1990-91 to 2015-16 ( not counting the cancelled 2004-05 season ) , in 2006 this became the longest active streak of postseason appearances in all of North American professional sports and finished tied for the third longest streak in NHL history . Since 1983-84 , the Red Wings have tallied six regular season first-place finishes and have won the Stanley Cup four times ( 1997 , 1998 , 2002 , and 2008 ) .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 , 2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 12 , 2000 , and concluded on June 10 . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for Conference Quarterfinals , Conference Semifinals and Conference Finals , with each conference champion playing a best-of-seven series in the Stanley Cup Finals for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs ended when the New Jersey Devils defeated the reigning champion Dallas Stars in a six-game series to win their second Stanley Cup title in franchise history . Devils defenseman Scott Stevens was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs . The Calgary Flames and the Vancouver Canucks both missed the playoffs this year . This would not happen again until 2014 , when all four Western Canadian teams missed the playoffs . For the first time in history , only two Original Six teams made it to the playoffs ( Toronto and Detroit ) . This would only happen again in 2001 ( Toronto and Detroit ) , 2007 ( New York Rangers and Detroit ) , 2018 ( Boston and Toronto ) , and 2019 ( Boston and Toronto ) . Also for the first time , the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Canadiens missed the playoffs in the same season . In addition , both conference finals went to the maximum seven games . This did not happen again until 2015 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2001_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2001 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 11 , 2001 , and ended on June 9 , 2001 , when the Western Conference champion Colorado Avalanche defeated the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils to win its second Stanley Cup . Defenceman Ray Bourque , who had a 21-year tenure in Boston , won his first Stanley Cup in his final professional year . Joe Sakic , Swedish center Peter Forsberg , defenceman Rob Blake , and goalkeeper Patrick Roy claimed the Stanley Cup for the final time in their careers . Roy was also awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy , his third , the most by any player . No hat tricks were scored in the 2001 playoffs , and goaltenders combined for a record 19 shutouts . This was the first of ten consecutive seasons the Florida Panthers missed the playoffs , the longest playoff drought in NHL history .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Bruins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 , 1977', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1975-76 NHL season was the 59th season of the National Hockey League . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup , defeating the defending champion Philadelphia Flyers in the final . This season also marked the final time that Hockey Night in Canada on CBC in Canada would air both radio and television broadcasts of games , the show would become exclusive to television the next season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1977_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1976-77 NHL season was the 60th season of the National Hockey League . The Kansas City Scouts moved to Denver , Colorado , and became the Colorado Rockies and the California Golden Seals moved to Cleveland , Ohio , and became the Cleveland Barons . The Montreal Canadiens once again dominated the playoffs as , for the second straight year , they swept their opponent four games to none in the final series for the Stanley Cup .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado Avalanche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Avalanche', 'summary': "The Colorado Avalanche are a professional ice hockey team based in Denver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Avalanche are the only team in their division not based in the Central Time Zone ; the team is situated in the Mountain Time Zone . Their home arena is Pepsi Center , which they share with the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association . Their general manager is Joe Sakic . The Avalanche were founded in 1972 as the Quebec Nordiques and were one of the charter franchises of the World Hockey Association . The franchise joined the NHL in 1979 as a result of the NHL-WHA merger . Following the 1994-95 season , they were sold to the COMSAT Entertainment Group and relocated to Denver . In the club 's first season in Denver , the Avalanche won the Pacific Division and went on to sweep the Florida Panthers in the 1996 Stanley Cup Finals , becoming the first NHL team to win the Stanley Cup in the season following a relocation . Among teams in the major North American professional sports leagues , only the National Football League ( NFL ) 's Washington Redskins have also accomplished the feat . This was the first major professional sports championship a Denver-based team brought to the city . In the 2001 Stanley Cup Finals , the Avalanche defeated the New Jersey Devils 4-3 to win their second and most recent championship ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001 , 2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2001 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 11 , 2001 , and ended on June 9 , 2001 , when the Western Conference champion Colorado Avalanche defeated the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils to win its second Stanley Cup . Defenceman Ray Bourque , who had a 21-year tenure in Boston , won his first Stanley Cup in his final professional year . Joe Sakic , Swedish center Peter Forsberg , defenceman Rob Blake , and goalkeeper Patrick Roy claimed the Stanley Cup for the final time in their careers . Roy was also awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy , his third , the most by any player . No hat tricks were scored in the 2001 playoffs , and goaltenders combined for a record 19 shutouts . This was the first of ten consecutive seasons the Florida Panthers missed the playoffs , the longest playoff drought in NHL history .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League began on April 17 , 2002 . The Detroit Red Wings defeated the Carolina Hurricanes on June 13 , 2002 , four games to one , to win their tenth championship in their history . The Hurricanes were in the Stanley Cup Final for the first time in their 23-year history , which includes their tenure as the Hartford Whalers . Red Wings defenseman Nicklas Lidstrom was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the MVP of the playoffs . It was the ninth championship for Red Wings coach Scotty Bowman , who announced his retirement after the deciding game of the series . The Phoenix Coyotes would play their last playoff games at America West Arena and would miss the playoffs until 2010 , when they played in Glendale .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anaheim Ducks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks', 'summary': 'The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim , California . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . Since their inception , the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center . The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks . Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli , who along with then-general manager Brian Burke , changed the name of the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006-07 season . The Ducks have made the playoffs 14 times , won six Pacific Division titles ( 2006-07 , 2012-13 , 2013-14 , 2014-15 , 2015-16 , 2016-17 ) , two Western Conference championships ( 2002-03 and 2006-07 ) , and one Stanley Cup ( 2006-07 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 11 , 2012 , after the conclusion of the 2011-12 NHL regular season . These playoffs marked only the second time since the 1996 playoffs in which no Canadian teams advanced past the first round . These playoffs featured the return of the Florida Panthers to the postseason for the first time since the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , one of the longest playoff droughts in league history . The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals started on May 30 and ended on June 11 , with the Los Angeles Kings defeating the New Jersey Devils in six games to win their first Stanley Cup title . Kings goaltender Jonathan Quick , having recorded a 1.41 goals against average , was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as playoff MVP . After clinching a postseason spot in their 81st game of the regular season , the Kings became the first eighth-seeded team to win the Stanley Cup in NHL history ( and the second eighth seed to reach the Cup Finals after the 2005-06 Edmonton Oilers ) , also being the second team to eliminate the first , second , and third seeds from the playoffs in the same postseason after the 2003-04 Calgary Flames ( and the first team to do so in that order ) . In addition , the Kings became the first team to make the Final undefeated on the road ( with their 8-0 record ) . As the sixth seed in their conference , the Devils were the lowest-seeded team to have home-ice advantage in the Stanley Cup Finals , breaking a record they set when they won the Cup as a fourth seed in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California Golden Seals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Golden_Seals', 'summary': 'The California Golden Seals were a professional ice hockey club that competed in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) from 1967 to 1976 . Initially named the California Seals , the team was renamed the Oakland Seals partway through the 1967-68 season ( on December 8 , 1967 ) and then to the California Golden Seals in 1970 , after two games as the Bay Area Seals . The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of the 1967 NHL expansion . Based in Oakland , California , they played their home games at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Arena . The Seals were never successful at the gate , qualifying for the postseason in only two of their nine seasons and failing to obtain a winning record in each , and eventually moved to Cleveland to become the Cleveland Barons in 1976 . They are the only franchise from the 1967 expansion to not reach the Stanley Cup Finals .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1969_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1968-69 NHL season was the 52nd season of the National Hockey League . Twelve teams each played 76 games ( two more than in 1967-68 ) . For the second time in a row , the Montreal Canadiens faced the St. Louis Blues in the Stanley Cup finals . Montreal won their second consecutive Stanley Cup as they swept the Blues in four , an identical result to the previous season .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey Devils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils', 'summary': "The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark , New Jersey . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The club was founded as the Kansas City Scouts in Kansas City , Missouri , in 1974 . The Scouts moved to Denver , Colorado in 1976 and became the Colorado Rockies . In 1982 , they moved to East Rutherford , New Jersey and took their current name . For their first 25 seasons in New Jersey , the Devils were based at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford and played their home games at Brendan Byrne Arena ( later renamed to Continental Airlines Arena ) . Before the 2007-08 season , the Devils moved to Prudential Center in Newark . The franchise was poor to mediocre in the eight years before moving to New Jersey , a pattern that continued during the first five years in New Jersey as they failed to make the Stanley Cup playoffs and never finished higher than fifth in their division . Their fortunes began to turn around following the hiring of president and general manager Lou Lamoriello in 1987 . Under Lamoriello 's stewardship , the Devils made the playoffs all but three times between 1988 and 2012 , including 13 berths in a row from 1997 to 2010 , and finished with a winning record every season from 1992-93 to 2009-10 . They have won the Atlantic Division regular season title nine times , most recently in 2009-10 , before transferring to the newly created Metropolitan Division as part of the NHL 's realignment in 2013 . The Devils have reached the Stanley Cup Finals five times , winning in 1994-95 , 1999-2000 and 2002-03 , and losing in 2000-01 and 2011-12 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 11 , 2012 , after the conclusion of the 2011-12 NHL regular season . These playoffs marked only the second time since the 1996 playoffs in which no Canadian teams advanced past the first round . These playoffs featured the return of the Florida Panthers to the postseason for the first time since the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , one of the longest playoff droughts in league history . The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals started on May 30 and ended on June 11 , with the Los Angeles Kings defeating the New Jersey Devils in six games to win their first Stanley Cup title . Kings goaltender Jonathan Quick , having recorded a 1.41 goals against average , was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as playoff MVP . After clinching a postseason spot in their 81st game of the regular season , the Kings became the first eighth-seeded team to win the Stanley Cup in NHL history ( and the second eighth seed to reach the Cup Finals after the 2005-06 Edmonton Oilers ) , also being the second team to eliminate the first , second , and third seeds from the playoffs in the same postseason after the 2003-04 Calgary Flames ( and the first team to do so in that order ) . In addition , the Kings became the first team to make the Final undefeated on the road ( with their 8-0 record ) . As the sixth seed in their conference , the Devils were the lowest-seeded team to have home-ice advantage in the Stanley Cup Finals , breaking a record they set when they won the Cup as a fourth seed in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dallas Stars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas_Stars', 'summary': "The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars , based in Bloomington , Minnesota . Before the beginning of the 1978-79 NHL season , the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team 's respective financial struggles . Ultimately , the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993-94 NHL season . The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001 , when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center . The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas , two Presidents ' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league , the Western Conference championship twice , and in 1998-99 , the Stanley Cup . Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year . In 2000 , Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame . In 2009 , Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014 . In 2010 , brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1968 Stanley Cup playoffs , to decide the 1968 championship of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) was the first after the expansion from six to twelve teams . The playoff system was thus expanded from a four-team to an eight-team tournament , and was designed so that four of the new expansion teams would qualify for the postseason . The defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs did not qualify and a new champion would be crowned . The Montreal Canadiens would defeat the St. Louis Blues in four straight to win the Stanley Cup .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Canadiens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens', 'summary': "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began after the conclusion of the 1992-93 NHL season on April 18 and ended with the Montreal Canadiens defeating the Los Angeles Kings four games to one to win the Stanley Cup on June 9 . These playoffs featured an NHL record 28 overtime games , of which the Canadiens set a playoff record for most overtime games won in one year with ten . The Canadiens also won 11 consecutive games during the playoffs , tying an NHL record . The Presidents ' Trophy-winning Pittsburgh Penguins , who had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years , were the favourite to repeat . However , both conferences saw numerous upsets as the third place team in every division reached their respective conference finals . This was the first time since the 1979 NHL-WHA merger that the Edmonton Oilers had missed the playoffs . It was also the first time that longtime Oilers and then-New York Rangers captain Mark Messier had missed the playoffs in his career . This was the only year between 1984 and 1994 that the Boston Bruins and Montreal Canadiens did not face each other in the playoffs . This was the last time that the New York Islanders won a playoff round before 2016 . Montreal 's Cup championship remains the last time that a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Islanders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Islanders', 'summary': "The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team splits its home games between Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale , New York , and Barclays Center in the borough of Brooklyn . The Islanders are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area , along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Rangers , and their fan base resides primarily on Long Island . The team was founded in 1972 as part of the NHL 's maneuvers to keep a team from rival league World Hockey Association ( WHA ) out of the newly built Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in suburban Uniondale , New York . After two years of building up the team 's roster , they found almost instant success by securing fourteen straight playoff berths starting with their third season . The Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cup championships between 1980 and 1983 , the seventh of eight dynasties recognized by the NHL in its history . Their 19 consecutive playoff series wins between 1980 and 1984 is a feat that remains unparalleled in the history of professional sports . They are the last team in any major professional North American sport to win four consecutive championships . Following the team 's dynasty era , the franchise ran into problems with money , ownership and management , an aging arena , and low attendance . Their woes were reflected on the ice , as the team has not won a division title since 1987-88 , and went 22 seasons without winning a playoff series prior to the 2016 playoffs . After years of failed attempts to rebuild or replace Nassau Coliseum in suburban Long Island , the Islanders relocated to Barclays Center following the 2014-15 season ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1980 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1979-80 NHL season . This season saw the addition of four teams from the disbanded World Hockey Association ( WHA ) as expansion franchises , and thus the playoffs were also expanded from 12 to 16 teams . Two for those former WHA clubs , the Edmonton Oilers and the Hartford Whalers , made the playoffs in their first season in the NHL . The playoffs concluded on May 24 when the New York Islanders defeated the Philadelphia Flyers 5-4 to win the Final series four games to two and win the Stanley Cup . It was the Islanders ' first Stanley Cup win and was the first of four consecutive Stanley Cup wins ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vegas Golden Knights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vegas_Golden_Knights', 'summary': 'The Vegas Golden Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . Founded as an expansion team , they began play in the 2017-18 NHL season . The team is owned by Black Knight Sports & Entertainment , a consortium led by Bill Foley and the Maloof family . The team plays its home games at T-Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs was the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The playoffs began on April 11 , 2018 , after the 2017-18 regular season ended , and concluded on June 7 , 2018 , with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley Cup in franchise history defeating the Vegas Golden Knights four games to one in the Stanley Cup Finals . The Nashville Predators made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Pittsburgh Penguins increased their post-season appearance streak to twelve seasons , the current longest streak . The Vegas Golden Knights became the first team to make the playoffs in their inaugural season in the league since the 1979-80 Hartford Whalers and the Edmonton Oilers . They also became the first expansion team to make the playoffs in their inaugural season since the 1967 NHL expansion . From there , they eventually became the first team since the 1967-68 St. Louis Blues to win their respective conference , and reach the Stanley Cup Finals in their inaugural season . The only difference is that the 1967-68 season through to the 1969-70 season ensured that an expansion team would be able to reach the Stanley Cup Finals . For the fourth time in league history ( 2000 , 2001 , 2007 ) , only two Original Six teams , the Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs , clinched a berth for the playoffs . For the first time since 1966 , no playoff games were played in the state of New York . For the fifth time in eight years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Totals', 'urls': []}, {'value': '49', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '255', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21-28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.429', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Los Angeles Kings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_NHL_playoff_series_13', 'intro': 'This is a complete listing of National Hockey League (NHL) playoff series, grouped by franchise. Series featuring relocated teams[nb 1] are kept with their ultimate relocation franchises. Bolded years indicate wins. Years in italics indicate series in progress. Tables are sorted first by the number of series, then the number of wins, and then alphabetically.'} | null | null | What team , besides the one with the most playoff appearances , is based in Alberta ? | Calgary Flames |
0bc06419b955d086 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Real_World:_Los_Angeles', 'title': 'The Real World: Los Angeles', 'header': ['Cast Member', 'Age', 'Hometown', 'Biography'], 'data': [{'value': 'Aaron Behle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Orange County , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orange_County,_California', 'summary': "Orange County is a county located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 3,010,232 , making it the third-most populous county in California , the sixth most populous in the U.S. , and more populous than 21 U.S. states . Although mostly suburban , it is the second most densely populated county in the state , behind San Francisco County . The county 's four most populous cities , Anaheim , Santa Ana ( the county seat ) , Irvine , and Huntington Beach , each have a population exceeding 200,000 . Six cities are on the Pacific coast , including Seal Beach , Huntington Beach , Newport Beach , Laguna Beach , Dana Point , and San Clemente . Orange County is included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county has 34 incorporated cities . Older cities like Santa Ana , Anaheim , and Fullerton have traditional downtowns dating back to the 19th century , while newer commercial development or edge cities stretch along I-5 between Disneyland and Santa Ana and between South Coast Plaza and the Irvine Business Complex , and cluster at Irvine Spectrum . Northern and Central Orange County , while single-family homes are still prevalent , is relatively more urbanized and dense , while beyond Irvine , the county is relatively less dense , though still contiguous , suburban and not exurban . The county is a tourist center , with attractions like Disneyland , Knott 's Berry Farm , and several popular beaches along its more than 40 miles ( 64 km ) of coastline ."}]}, {'value': "Aaron is a business/economics major at UCLA , where he enjoys difficult , cutthroat classes , and already has a job lined up for the next fall as a Certified Public Accountant . He was Student Body President and President of the National Honor Society . He loves to surf , appreciates the diversity of the people in Los Angeles , but his conservative politics are at odds with the liberalism of the area . Aaron voted for George H.W . Bush , and is n't happy about having a Democrat in the White House , remarking that Bill Clinton may be the antichrist . Despite his conservatism , he is pro-choice on abortion , as his girlfriend , Erin , which provides conflict with Jon in Episode 10 . He has a brother who is engaged to be married . He rooms with Dominic , with whom he becomes best friends , despite their different politics . Jon thinks Aaron enjoys a good confrontation as an opportunity to get his point across , but says that Aaron engages in one-sided discussions in which he refuses to listen to other people , making it impossible to talk to him , a point echoed by Tami and conceded by Aaron himself", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles', 'summary': "The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Certified_Public_Accountant', 'summary': 'Certified Public Accountant ( CPA ) is the title of qualified accountants in numerous countries in the English-speaking world . In the United States , the CPA is a license to provide accounting services to the public . It is awarded by each of the 50 states for practice in that state . Additionally , almost every state ( 49 out of 50 ) has passed mobility laws to allow CPAs from other states to practice in their state . State licensing requirements vary , but the minimum standard requirements include passing the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination , 150 semester units of college education , and one year of accounting related experience . Continuing professional education ( CPE ) is also required to maintain licensure . Individuals who have been awarded the CPA but have lapsed in the fulfillment of the required CPE or who have requested conversion to inactive status are in many states permitted to use the designation CPA Inactive or an equivalent phrase . In most U.S. states , only CPAs are legally able to provide attestation ( including auditing ) opinions on financial statements . Many CPAs are members of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and their state CPA society . State laws vary widely regarding whether a non-CPA is even allowed to use the title accountant . For example , Texas prohibits the use of the designations accountant and auditor by a person not certified as a Texas CPA , unless that person is a CPA in another state , is a non-resident of Texas , and otherwise meets the requirements for practice in Texas by out-of-state CPA firms and practitioners . Many other countries also use the title CPA to designate local public accountants .'}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Honor_Society', 'summary': 'The National Honor Society ( NHS ) is a nationwide organization for high school students in the United States and outlying territories , which consists of many chapters in high schools . Selection is based on four criteria : scholarship ( academic achievement ) , leadership , service , and character . The National Honor Society requires some sort of service to the community , school , or other organizations . The time spent working on these projects contributes towards the monthly service hour requirement . The National Honor Society was founded in 1921 by the National Association of Secondary School Principals . The Alpha chapter of NHS was founded at Fifth Avenue High School by Principal Edward S. Rynearson in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . National Honor Society groups are commonly active in community service activities both in the community and at the school . Many chapters maintain a requirement for participation in such service activities . In addition , NHS chapters typically elect officers , who , under the supervision of the chapter adviser , coordinate and manage the chapter as a student organization .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_H.W._Bush', 'summary': "George Herbert Walker Bush ( June 12 , 1924 - November 30 , 2018 ) was an American politician and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993 . Since around 2000 he has usually been called George H. W. Bush , Bush Senior , or Bush 41 to distinguish him from his eldest son , George W. Bush , who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009 . A member of the Republican Party , Bush also served in the U.S. House of Representatives , as U.S . Ambassador to the United Nations , as Director of Central Intelligence , and as the 43rd vice president of the United States . Bush was raised in Greenwich , Connecticut and attended Phillips Academy before serving in the United States Navy during World War II . After the war , he graduated from Yale University and moved to West Texas , where he established a successful oil company . After an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate , he won election to the 7th congressional district of Texas in 1966 . President Richard Nixon appointed Bush to the position of Ambassador to the United Nations in 1971 and to the position of chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1973 . In 1974 , President Gerald Ford appointed him as the Chief of the Liaison Office to the People 's Republic of China , and in 1976 Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence . Bush ran for president in 1980 , but was defeated in the Republican presidential primaries by Ronald Reagan . He was then elected vice president in 1980 and 1984 as Reagan 's running mate . In the 1988 presidential election , Bush defeated Democrat Michael Dukakis , becoming the first incumbent vice president to be elected president in 152 years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Clinton', 'summary': "William Jefferson Clinton ( born William Jefferson Blythe III ; August 19 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 . Prior to his presidency , he served as governor of Arkansas ( 1979-1981 and 1983-1992 ) and as attorney general of Arkansas ( 1977-1979 ) . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinton was known as a New Democrat , and many of his policies reflected a centrist Third Way political philosophy . He is the husband of former secretary of state and former U.S. senator Hillary Clinton . In 1998 , Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives , becoming the second U.S. president to get impeached following Andrew Johnson . The impeachment was based on accusations that Clinton committed perjury and obstruction of justice for the purpose of concealing his affair with Monica Lewinsky , a 22-year-old White House intern . He was acquitted by the Senate and completed his term in office . Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and attended Georgetown University , University College , Oxford , and Yale Law School . He met Hillary Rodham at Yale and married her in 1975 . After graduating from law school , Clinton returned to Arkansas and won election as the attorney general of Arkansas , serving from 1977 to 1979 . He later served as governor of Arkansas . As governor , he overhauled the state 's education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Antichrist', 'summary': "In Christian eschatology , the Antichrist , or anti-Christ , is someone recognized as fulfilling the biblical prophecies about one who will oppose Christ and substitute himself in Christ 's place before the Second Coming . The term ( including one plural form ) is found five times in the New Testament , solely in the First and Second Epistle of John . The Antichrist is announced as the one who denies the Father and the Son . The similar term pseudokhristos or false Christ is found in the Gospels . In Matthew ( chapter 24 ) and Mark ( chapter 13 ) , Jesus alerts his disciples not to be deceived by the false prophets , who will claim themselves as being Christ , performing great signs and wonders . Two other images often associated with the Antichrist are the little horn in Daniel 's final vision and the man of sin in Paul the Apostle 's Second Epistle to the Thessalonians . In Islamic eschatology , Al-Masih ad-Dajjal ( المسيح الدجال ) is an anti-messiah figure ( similar to the Christian concept of an antichrist ) that will deceive humanity before the second coming of Jesus . The concept of an antichrist is absent in traditional Judaism , although in some medieval texts the symbolic figure Armilus appears ."}]}, {'value': 'Beth Stolarczyk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garfield Heights , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garfield_Heights,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Garfield Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County , Ohio , United States . It is a suburb of Cleveland . The population was 28,849 at the time of the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Beth is a graduate of Ohio University , where she studied film , television and radio production . She is an avid fan of the entertainment industry , and is in Los Angeles to pursue her career , to meet new people , and challenge herself . She works as a production assistant , in a casting office , and in craft services , but hopes one day to be a producer , director and actor . The death of her father , to whom she was much closer than her mother , was the hardest thing she ever experienced , and has still not been to his grave . She also has a sister , though her mother did not speak to her for a considerable time when Beth was in a relationship with an abusive boyfriend , who continues to call her demanding to see her . Her mother , Eugenia , a Polish-American radio host for WERE ( 1300 AM ) , works constantly , even doing shows on Christmas , and does not express her feelings often , which is why Beth feels they are not that close , even though she loves her mother very much . Beth discusses this when her mother visits the house in Episode 19 . According to MTV , her friends describe her as a drama queen whose life is like a soap opera . The rest of the cast affirms this label , including Dominic , who characterizes her as animated , and Aaron , who calls her a psycho . She eventually grows close to Jon and Tami , forming a trio by the cast trip to Mexico . Though Tami thinks Beth is the cast member most ready to settle down , Beth says that she has not had sex in a long time , because finding a suitable man in Los Angeles is difficult . Glen , however , develops an intense animosity toward Beth by Episodes 18 and 19 , seeing her as selfish , and a mess , leading the two to attempt a dialogue in the latter episode', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_University', 'summary': "Ohio University ( Ohio or OU ) is a public research university in Athens , Ohio . The first university chartered by an Act of Congress and the first to be chartered in Ohio , it was chartered in 1787 by the Congress of the Confederation and subsequently approved for the territory in 1802 and state in 1804 , opening for students in 1809 . Ohio University is the oldest university in Ohio , the eighth oldest public university in the United States and the 30th oldest among public and private universities . As of fall 2018 , the university 's total enrollment at Athens was 20,000 , while the all-campus enrollment was just under 35,000 . Ohio University maintains a selective admission rate with further admission requirements for its Journalism and other select schools . The Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine maintains separate select admissions criteria . Ohio University offers more than 250 areas of undergraduate study . On the graduate level , the university grants master 's degrees in many of its major academic divisions , and doctoral degrees in selected departments . Ohio University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission . The university is classified among R2 : Doctoral Universities - High research activity . Ohio 's athletic teams are called the Bobcats and compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) at the Division I level as charter members of the Mid-American Conference . Ohio football has participated in 13 bowl games through the 2019 season , while the men 's basketball team has made 13 appearances in the NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Championship ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Production_assistant', 'summary': 'A production assistant , also known as a PA , is a member of the film crew and is a job title used in filmmaking and television for a person responsible for various aspects of a production . The job of a PA can vary greatly depending on the budget and specific requirements of a production as well as whether the production is unionized . Production assistants on films are sometimes attached to individual actors or filmmakers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Craft_service', 'summary': 'Craft service or craft services is the department in film , television and video production which provides cast and crew with snacks , drinks and other assistance . Craft service workers are nicknamed crafties and are represented by a union , the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees ( IATSE ) . Other departments such as camera , sound , electricians , grips , props , art director , set decorator , special effects , hair and make-up , are referred to as crafts . Craft service is also an IATSE craft and the work is covered by a collective bargaining agreement . Craft service is different from catering ; craft service refers to the food always available to the crew while they are working , while catering is provided by a catering company or a restaurant and handles full meals . Typically there is one main table where the snacks and coffee are set up ( which is simply called crafty or the crafty table ) . Occasionally there are two craft service stations , with one being for cast and crew and another for non-union background actors . A satellite crafty may be set up next to the camera , as they may not be able to leave their workstations . In addition to snacks and drinks , the craft service department clears the set of trash . Aside from snacks and beverages , craft service may also supply bandages , aspirin , gum , antacids , toothpicks , hand sanitizer , sunscreen , and hand-warmers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/WJMO', 'summary': "WJMO ( 1300 AM ) - branded Praise 94.5 - is a commercial urban gospel radio station licensed to Cleveland , Ohio . Owned by Radio One , the station serves Greater Cleveland . Besides a standard analog transmission , the station also simulcasts over low-power FM translator W233CG ( 94.5 FM ) and the HD digital subchannel of co-owned WENZ , and streams online . The WJMO studios are located along the Euclid Avenue Corridor in Cleveland 's east side , while the station transmitter resides in the Cleveland suburb of Parma ."}]}, {'value': 'David Edwards', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington D.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_D.C.', 'summary': "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ."}]}, {'value': "David is a stand-up comedian who has been in Los Angeles for a couple of months , having worked in local clubs , and appeared on FOX 's In Living Color . He is meticulous in taking care of his clothes , he explains , because he grew up poor , and his mother had to scavenge dumpsters for basic necessities . He experiences a number of differences with his roommate , Jon , over things ranging from musical tastes , household duties and racial stereotypes , and his perception of the cliques in the house cause him to come into conflict with the others as well . Jon believes that as a comedian , David is always trying to be funny and acts out as if in front of an audience , much to Jon 's irritation . After David pulls bedcovers off an underwear-clad Tami as a joke in Episode 6 , which develops into a serious matter among the housemates , the cast evicts him in Episode 7", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/In_Living_Color', 'summary': "In Living Color is an American sketch comedy television series that originally ran on Fox from April 15 , 1990 to May 19 , 1994 . Keenen Ivory Wayans created , wrote and starred in the program . The show was produced by Ivory Way Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television and was taped at stage 7 at the Fox Television Center on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood , California . The title of the series was inspired by the NBC announcement of broadcasts being presented in living color during the 1960s , prior to mainstream color television . It also refers to the fact that most of the show 's cast was black , unlike other sketch comedy shows such as Saturday Night Live , whose casts are mostly white . It was controversial due to the Wayans ' decision to portray black humor from the ghetto in a time when mainstream American tastes regarding black comedy had been set by more upscale shows such as The Cosby Show , causing an eventual feud for control between Fox executives and the Wayans . Other members of the Wayans family - Damon , Kim , Shawn , and Marlon - had regular roles , while brother Dwayne frequently appeared as an extra . The show also starred several previously unknown comedians and actors , including Jamie Foxx , Jim Carrey , Tommy Davidson , David Alan Grier , and T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh . The show introduced Jennifer Lopez and Carrie Ann Inaba as members of In Living Color 's dance troupe The Fly Girls , with actress Rosie Perez serving as choreographer . The show was immensely popular in its first two seasons , capturing more than a 10-point Nielsen rating ; in the third and fourth seasons , ratings faltered as the Wayans brothers fell out with Fox network leadership over creative control and rights . The series won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety , Music or Comedy Series in 1990 . The series gained international prominence for its bold move and its all-time high ratings gained by airing a live , special episode as a counterprogram for the halftime show of U.S. leader CBS 's live telecast of Super Bowl XXVI , prompting the National Football League to book A-list acts for future game entertainment , starting with Michael Jackson the following year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clique', 'summary': 'A clique ( AusE , CanE , UK : /ˈkliːk/ or US : /ˈklɪk/ ) , in the social sciences , is a group of individuals who interact with one another and share similar interests . Interacting with cliques is part of normative social development regardless of gender , ethnicity or popularity . Although cliques are most commonly studied during adolescence and middle childhood development , they exist in all age groups . They are often bound together by shared social characteristics such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status . Examples of common or stereotypical adolescent cliques include athletes , nerds , and outsiders . Typically , people in a clique will not have a completely open friend group , and can therefore ban members if they do something considered unacceptable , such as talking to someone disliked . Some cliques tend to isolate themselves as a group and view themselves as superior to others , which can be demonstrated through bullying and other antisocial behaviors . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Dominic Griffin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dublin , Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dublin,_Ireland', 'summary': "Dublin ( /ˈdʌblɪn/ , locally /ˈdʊb-/ ; Irish : Baile Átha Cliath [ ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈklʲiə ; ˌbʲlʲaː ˈklʲiə ] ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland . Situated on a bay on the east coast , at the mouth of the River Liffey , it lies within the province of Leinster . It is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains , a part of the Wicklow Mountains range . It has an urban area population of 1,173,179 , while the population of the Dublin Region ( formerly County Dublin ) as of 2016 [ update ] was 1,347,359 . The population of the Greater Dublin Area was 1,904,806 per the 2016 census . There is archaeological debate regarding precisely where Dublin was established by the Gaels in or before the 7th century AD . Later expanded as a Viking settlement , the Kingdom of Dublin , the city became Ireland 's principal settlement following the Norman invasion . The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800 . Following the partition of Ireland in 1922 , Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State , later renamed Ireland . Dublin is a historical and contemporary centre for education , the arts , administration and industry . As of 2018 [ update ] the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ( GaWC ) as a global city , with a ranking of Alpha − , which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': "Dominic is a writer who writes television reviews for Variety and several music columns for other magazines , though most of his income comes from bartending . Dominic , who was born and raised in Dublin first came to the United States at age 17 for a vacation , but liked the weather and people so much he that decided to stay . He is distinguished by his spiked black hair and according to MTV , a good sense of humor . He has a younger sister named Barbara and more than one brother , though he has not always been as close to his father as he would have liked . In Episode 13 , returns home to visit his mother and ailing father . He says he is severely addicted to nicotine , and his castmates sometimes express the feeling that he drinks too much . He has a German Shepherd named George , and hates cats , which provides a potential problem when he moves in with Beth , who has a cat . He rooms with Aaron , who becomes his best friend , despite their differences in politics and lifestyle , though the others feels the two form a clique from they are excluded . Dominic says that his knowledge comes from experience , whereas Aaron 's is derived from books . He says he feels very claustrophobic when it comes to relationships , explaining that he gets bored and restless after being with the same woman after a while , and prefers to move on to explore other women", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Variety_(magazine)', 'summary': 'Variety is an American media company owned by Penske Media Corporation . It was founded by Sime Silverman in New York in 1905 as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville . In 1933 it added Daily Variety , based in Los Angeles , to cover the motion-picture industry . Variety.com features breaking entertainment news , reviews , box office results , cover stories , videos , photo galleries and more , plus a credits database , production charts and calendar , with archive content dating back to 1905 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nicotine', 'summary': 'Nicotine is a stimulant and potent parasympathomimetic alkaloid that is naturally produced in the nightshade family of plants . It is used for the treatment of tobacco use disorders as a smoking cessation aid and nicotine dependence for the relief of withdrawal symptoms . Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) , except at two nicotinic receptor subunits ( nAChRα9 and nAChRα10 ) where it acts as a receptor antagonist . Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6-3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco . Usually consistent concentrations of nicotine varying from 2-7 µg/kg ( 20-70 millionths of a percent wet weight ) are found in the edible family Solanaceae , such as potatoes , tomatoes , and eggplant . Some research indicates that the contribution of nicotine obtained from food is substantial in comparison to inhalation of second-hand smoke . Others consider nicotine obtained from food to be trivial unless exceedingly high amounts of certain vegetables are eaten . It functions as an antiherbivore chemical ; consequently , nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past , and neonicotinoids , such as imidacloprid , are widely used . Nicotine is highly addictive . It is one of the most commonly abused drugs . An average cigarette yields about 2 mg of absorbed nicotine ; high amounts can be more harmful . Nicotine addiction involves drug-reinforced behavior , compulsive use , and relapse following abstinence .'}, {'url': '/wiki/German_Shepherd_Dog', 'summary': "The German Shepherd ( German : Deutscher Schäferhund , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʃɛːfɐˌhʊnt ] ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany . In the English language , the breed 's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog ( sometimes abbreviated as GSD ) . The breed was officially known as the Alsatian in the UK from after the First World War until 1977 when its name was changed back to German Shepherd . Despite its primitive , wolf-like appearance the German Shepherd is a relatively modern breed of dog , with their origin dating to 1899 . As a herding dog , German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep . Since that time , however , because of their strength , intelligence , trainability , and obedience , German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work , including disability assistance , search-and-rescue , police and military roles and acting . The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Claustrophobia', 'summary': 'Claustrophobia ( noun ) is the fear of confined spaces . It can be triggered by many situations or stimuli , including elevators crowded to capacity , windowless rooms , and hotel rooms with closed doors and sealed windows . Even bedrooms with a lock on the outside , small cars , and tight-necked clothing can induce a response in those with claustrophobia . It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder , which often results in panic attacks . The onset of claustrophobia has been attributed to many factors , including a reduction in the size of the amygdala , classical conditioning , or a genetic predisposition to fear small spaces . One study indicates that anywhere from 5-10% of the world population is affected by severe claustrophobia , but only a small percentage of these people receive some kind of treatment for the disorder . The term claustrophobia comes from Latin claustrum a shut in place and Greek φόβος , phóbos , fear .'}]}, {'value': 'Irene Berrera-Kearns', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southern California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_California', 'summary': "Southern California ( colloquially known as SoCal ; Spanish : Sur de California ) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the southernmost counties of California , and is the second most populous urban agglomeration in the United States . The region contains ten counties : Imperial , Kern , Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , San Diego , Santa Barbara , San Luis Obispo and Ventura counties . The Colorado Desert and the Colorado River are located on southern California 's eastern border with Arizona , and the Mojave Desert is located north on California 's Nevada border . Southern California 's southern border is part of the Mexico-United States border ."}]}, {'value': "Irene is a Deputy Sheriff for the Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department who works as a courtroom bailiff , delivering subpoenas , and handling evictions . She serves as the mom of the house , and develops a close relationship with Jon . Her fiancé , Tim , is also a Deputy , whom she met at work , and their wedding in Episode 11 is one of the highlights of the season . Irene has a predilection for blonde-haired men , leading her to think that Tim is jealous when they meet Aaron upon moving in . She becomes depressed in Tim 's absence , but becomes good friends with Jon , whom she says makes her laugh , and defends him from Aaron 's taunts . Tami describes Irene as the most stable member of the household", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jon Brennan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owensboro , Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Owensboro,_Kentucky', 'summary': 'Owensboro is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Daviess County , Kentucky , United States . It is the fourth-largest city in the state by population . Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles ( 172 km ) southwest of Louisville , and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area . The 2015 population was 59,042 . [ failed verification ] The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506 . The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018 , and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas .'}]}, {'value': "Jon , who is the youngest cast member , comes from a devout Christian household that does not keep alcohol in the house , and feels out of place in cities like Las Vegas or Los Angeles . Though he enjoys his time in Los Angeles , he is not willing to undergo the lifestyle change he feels would be necessary to live there . He is a country singer taking a semester off from Belmont University to pursue his music career in Los Angeles . Back home , he is a local celebrity who performs regularly at Goldie 's Best Little Opry House in Owensboro , and hopes one day to be a successful recording artist . He did not get very good grades in school , and says he ca n't imagine having a conventional job . He has a sister and a brother named Buck , and though he commands a crowd while performing , offstage he says he never had any close , close friends . Though he sings and plays the guitar , he has no interest in writing , which puts him with odds with the prevailing career wisdom he encounters in Los Angeles . He becomes known for drinking copious amounts of Kool-Aid , and for his outspoken conservative views , as he is a devout , pro-life Christian who has never smoked , consumed alcohol or had sex . He experiences a number of differences with his roommate , David , over things ranging from musical tastes , household duties and racial stereotypes , and Jon 's irritation with what he perceives as David 's constant acting out for attention . Jon becomes closest to Irene , who says that she understands the isolation he feels in Los Angeles , and takes offense at the constant jokes with which Aaron degrades Jon , though Dominic says it is merely good-natured ribbing . Jon calls her Mom , and she and Tim spend a weekend with Jon in her hometown , whose more modest pace compared to LA reminds Jon of his own home . Though Jon and Tami 's first meeting is marked by conflict over their differences , they eventually become good friends by Episode 18 , forming a trio with Beth S. Beth S. opines that of the entire cast , Jon has changed the most by the end of the season , pointing to his exposure to a different city and different lifestyles , a point echoed by Beth A. and Jon himself", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada', 'summary': "Las Vegas ( Spanish for The Meadows ) , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city , known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada . The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino-hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any other city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos . Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century ( a similar distinction was earned by Chicago in the 19th century ) . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2% . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had 648,224 residents in 2018 , with a metropolitan population of 2,227,053 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Belmont_University', 'summary': 'Belmont University is a private Christian university in Nashville , Tennessee . Although the university cut its ties with the Tennessee Baptist Convention in 2007 , it continues to emphasize a Christian identity .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kool-Aid', 'summary': 'Kool-Aid is a brand of flavored drink mix owned by Kraft Heinz based in Chicago , Illinois . The powder form was created by Edwin Perkins in 1927 based upon a liquid concentrate called Fruit Smack .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pro-life', 'summary': 'Anti-abortion movements , also referred to as pro-life movements , are involved in the abortion debate advocating against the practice of abortion and its legality . Many anti-abortion movements began as countermovements in response to the legalization of elective abortions . Abortion is defined as the termination of a human pregnancy accompanied by the death of the embryo or fetus .'}]}, {'value': 'Tami Akbar ( later Roman )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tami_Roman', 'summary': "Tami Roman ( born Tamisha Akbar on April 17 , 1970 ) is an American television personality , model , businesswoman and actress . Roman first gained fame on The Real World : Los Angeles in 1993 . After making cameo appearances and starring in supporting roles in various television shows and films in the 1990s and 2000s , Roman became one of the breakout stars of Vh1 's Basketball Wives ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York state', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_(state)', 'summary': "New York is a state located in the Northeastern United States . New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States . With an estimated 19.45 million residents in 2019 , it is the fourth most populous state . In order to distinguish the state from its city with the same name , it is commonly referred to as New York State ( NYS ) . The state 's most populous city , New York City , makes up over 40% of the state 's population . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York metropolitan area , and nearly 40% lives on Long Island . The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York , the future King James II of England . With an estimated population of 8.39 million in 2018 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world . New York City is a global city , home to the United Nations Headquarters , and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . The 27th largest U.S. state in land area , New York has a diverse geography ."}]}, {'value': "Tami is an alumna of Howard University and a singer who works as an AIDS care specialist , which proves difficult when patients she grows close to get sick and die . Her true aspiration is music , as she is a member in a four-woman R & B group called Reality . She is extremely close to her mother , who had her when she was fifteen and half , and thinks of her almost as a sister rather than as a mother . When Tami was a senior in high school , she and her mother were homeless for three months following the loss of her mother 's job , and struggled to procure basic necessities as they lived in her mother 's car before Tami 's mother managed to get their lives back on track . Though Tami was raised a Muslim , she begins each day with a Buddhist chant to ensure peace and serenity . She appeared on the dating game show Studs a year ago , and appears again on the program in Episode 4 . David feels that she is spoiled when it comes to men , and only dates men who submit to her control and her demands , though she says she is n't certain what she wants in terms of relationship , and that she has trouble seeing herself marrying or being with any one person . In Episode 11 , she has an abortion , sparking discussions on that topic among the cast . Tami sees herself as extremely neat , and when Beth A. first moves in , she sees Tami as very controlling , and sometimes harsh , owing to the various issues going on in Tami 's life . Despite her initial differences with Jon and Beth S , the three eventually become a close trio by Episode 18", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_University', 'summary': 'Howard University ( Howard or simply HU ) is a private , federally chartered historically black university ( HBCU ) in Washington , D.C . It is categorized among R2 : Doctoral Universities - High research activity and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education . From its outset Howard has been nonsectarian and open to people of all sexes and races . It offers more than 120 areas leading to undergraduate , graduate , and professional degrees . U.S. News & World Report ranked Howard tied for 104th among national universities , and second among historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) for 2020 . Howard is the only HBCU ranked in the top 40 on the Bloomberg Businessweek business school rankings . The Princeton Review ranked the school of business first in opportunities for minority students and in the top five for most competitive students . The National Law Journal ranked the law school among the top 25 in the nation for placing graduates at the most successful law firms .'}, {'url': '/wiki/AIDS', 'summary': 'Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) . Following initial infection a person may not notice any symptoms , or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness . Typically , this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms . If the infection progresses , it interferes more with the immune system , increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis , as well as other opportunistic infections , and tumors which are otherwise rare in people who have normal immune function . These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss . HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex ( including anal and oral sex ) , contaminated blood transfusions , hypodermic needles , and from mother to child during pregnancy , delivery , or breastfeeding . Some bodily fluids , such as saliva , sweat and tears , do not transmit the virus . HIV is a member of the group of viruses known as retroviruses . Methods of prevention include safe sex , needle exchange programs , treating those who are infected , pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis , and male circumcision . Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication . There is no cure or vaccine ; however , antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/R&B', 'summary': "Rhythm and blues , commonly abbreviated as R & B , is a genre of popular music that originated in African American communities in the 1940s . The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans , at a time when urbane , rocking , jazz based music with a heavy , insistent beat was becoming more popular . In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s , the bands usually consisted of piano , one or two guitars , bass , drums , one or more saxophones , and sometimes background vocalists . R & B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy , as well as triumphs and failures in terms of relationships , economics , and aspirations . The term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning . In the early 1950s , it was frequently applied to blues records . Starting in the mid-1950s , after this style of music contributed to the development of rock and roll , the term R & B became used to refer to music styles that developed from and incorporated electric blues , as well as gospel and soul music . In the 1960s , several British rock bands such as the Rolling Stones , the Who and the Animals were referred to and promoted as being R & B bands ; posters for the Who 's residency at the Marquee Club in 1964 contained the slogan , Maximum R & B . Their mix of rock and roll and R & B is now known as British rhythm and blues . By the 1970s , the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk . In the 1980s , a newer style of R & B developed , becoming known as contemporary R & B . It combines rhythm and blues with elements of pop , soul , funk , hip hop , and electronic music ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Muslim', 'summary': 'Muslims or Islamic people are people who follow or practice Islam , a monotheistic Abrahamic religion . Muslims consider the Quran , their holy book , to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad . The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad ( sunnah ) as recorded in traditional accounts ( hadith ) . Muslim is an Arabic word meaning submitter ( to God ) . The beliefs of Muslims include : that God ( Arabic : الله Allāh ) is eternal , transcendent and absolutely one ( tawhid ) ; that God is incomparable , self-sustaining and neither begets nor was begotten ; that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that has been revealed before through many prophets including Abraham , Ishmael , Isaac , Moses , and Jesus ; that these previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time ( tahrif ) and that the Quran is the final unaltered revelation from God ( Final Testament ) . ( Rao Muhammad Yousaf ) As of 2019 , 1.9 billion or about 24.4% of the world population are Muslims . By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim , 91% in the Middle East-North Africa ( MENA ) , 81% in Central Asia , 65% in the Caucasus , 40% in Southeast Asia , 31% in South Asia , 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa , 25% in Asia-Oceania , around 6% in Europe , and 1% in the Americas . Most Muslims are of one of two denominations ; Sunni ( 1.6 billion/75-90% ) and Shia ( 170 million/10-20% ) . About 229 million or 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country ; 380 million or 20% in the Middle East-North Africa region , where it is the dominant religion ; 600 million or 31% of Muslims live in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world ; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa . Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia , the majority in the Caucasus and widespread in Southeast Asia . India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries with 200 million Muslims . Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , China , Europe , and Russia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Buddhism', 'summary': "Buddhism ( /ˈbʊdɪzəm/ , US : /ˈbuːd-/ ) is the world 's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers , or over 7% of the global population , known as Buddhists . [ web 1 ] Buddhism encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings attributed to the Buddha and resulting interpreted philosophies . It originated in ancient India as a Sramana tradition sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE , spreading through much of Asia . Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars : Theravada ( Pali : The School of the Elders ) and Mahayana ( Sanskrit : The Great Vehicle ) . Most Buddhist traditions share the goal of overcoming suffering and the cycle of death and rebirth , either by the attainment of Nirvana or through the path of Buddhahood . Buddhist schools vary in their interpretation of the path to liberation , the relative importance and canonicity assigned to the various Buddhist texts , and their specific teachings and practices . Widely observed practices include taking refuge in the Buddha , the Dharma and the Sangha , observance of moral precepts , monasticism , meditation , and the cultivation of the Paramitas ( perfections , or virtues ) . Theravada Buddhism has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia such as Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar and Thailand . Mahayana , which includes the traditions of Pure Land , Zen , Nichiren Buddhism , Shingon and Tiantai ( Tendai ) , is found throughout East Asia . Vajrayana , a body of teachings attributed to Indian adepts , may be viewed as a separate branch or as an aspect of Mahayana Buddhism . Tibetan Buddhism , which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth-century India , is practised in the countries of the Himalayan region , Mongolia , and Kalmykia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Studs_(game_show)', 'summary': 'Studs is an American television game show that was produced by Fox Television Studios for local television stations . The series premiered on March 11 , 1991 as a midseason series , did well enough in its run to be renewed for a full season , and aired for two more full seasons until September 9 , 1993 . The show was hosted by former game show contestant and comedian Mark DeCarlo , in one of his first TV hosting jobs . The show follows a format similar to those of The Dating Game and Love Connection , although it provoked some controversy because the questions used relied more heavily on sexual innuendo and double entendre .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Abortion', 'summary': 'Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus . [ note 1 ] An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion . When deliberate steps are taken to end a pregnancy , it is called an induced abortion , or less frequently induced miscarriage . The unmodified word abortion generally refers to an induced abortion . A similar procedure after the fetus has potential to survive outside the womb is known as a late termination of pregnancy or less accurately as a late term abortion . When properly done , abortion is one of the safest procedures in medicine , but unsafe abortion is a major cause of maternal death , especially in the developing world . Making safe abortion legal and accessible reduces maternal deaths . It is safer than childbirth , which has a 14 times higher risk of death in the United States . Modern methods use medication or surgery for abortions . The drug mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin appears to be as safe and effective as surgery during the first and second trimester of pregnancy . The most common surgical technique involves dilating the cervix and using a suction device . Birth control , such as the pill or intrauterine devices , can be used immediately following abortion .'}]}, {'value': 'Glen Naessens', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia , Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ."}]}, {'value': "Glen , whom MTV describes as intense , was chosen from three candidates to replace David after his eviction . Glen is the lead singer of an alternative band named Perch . Although he and Jon get along well when he first moves in , Glen later laments that he has n't really bonded with the cast as he has with his friends back home , and invites his band out to L.A. to spend time at the house . He loves basketball , and though does night gigs with Perch just for the hell of it , he makes money by working days at a record store , and hopes to become a filmmaker . He is Catholic , and feels that he is close to God , who he sees as his best friend , though he respects religious diversity . He says he has trouble being with any one woman for a prolonged period of time , as he tends to tire of them . He also says that he is normally shy , but becomes good friends with Beth A . He develops an intense animosity toward Beth Stolarczyk by Episodes 18 and 19 , seeing her as selfish , and a mess , leading the two to attempt a dialogue in the latter episode", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alternative_rock', 'summary': "Alternative rock ( also called alternative music , alt-rock , alt-pop or simply alternative ) is a term used to categorize rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1970s and became widely popular in the 1980s . In this instance , the word alternative refers to the genre 's distinction from mainstream , or commercial rock or pop music . The term 's original meaning was broader , referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent , DIY ethos of punk rock , which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music . In September of 1988 , Billboard magazine introduced Alternative Songs into their charting system rather than continue incorporating these artists into the existing rock and pop charts . By then alternative had become a catch-all description for both successful artists ( e.g . U2 and R.E.M . ) , as well as music from underground , independent , or non-commercial rock artists that received some level of mainstream recognition . Although the genre evolved in the late 1970s and 1980s , music anticipating the sound of the genre can be found as early as the 1960s , with bands such as the Velvet Underground and artists such as Syd Barrett . Since the early 1990s the term has often been misused to market an artist 's image or music toward consumers seeking to distinguish their tastes from mainstream pop or rock music . Traditionally , alternative rock broadly consisted of music that differed greatly in terms of its sound , social context and regional roots . Throughout the 1980s , magazines and zines , college radio airplay , and word of mouth had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock , helping to define a number of distinct styles ( and music scenes ) such as noise pop , indie rock , grunge , and shoegaze . Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands , such as Hüsker Dü and R.E.M. , were signed to major labels ."}]}, {'value': 'Beth Anthony', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eugene , Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon', 'summary': "Eugene ( /juːˈdʒiːn/ yoo-JEEN ) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon , in the Pacific Northwest . It is at the southern end of the verdant Willamette Valley , near the confluence of the McKenzie and Willamette Rivers , about 50 miles ( 80 km ) east of the Oregon Coast . As of the 2010 census , Eugene had a population of 156,185 ; it is the county seat of Lane County and the state 's third most populous city after Portland and Salem , though recent state estimates suggest its population may have surpassed Salem 's . The Eugene-Springfield , Oregon metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) is the 146th largest metropolitan statistical area in the US and the third-largest in the state , behind the Portland Metropolitan Area and the Salem Metropolitan Area . The city 's population for 2018 was estimated to be 171,245 by the US Census . Eugene is home to the University of Oregon , Northwest Christian University , and Lane Community College . The city is also noted for its natural environment , recreational opportunities ( especially bicycling , running/jogging , rafting , and kayaking ) , and focus on the arts . Eugene 's official slogan is A Great City for the Arts and Outdoors . It is also referred to as the Emerald City and as Track Town , USA . The Nike corporation had its beginnings in Eugene . In 2021 , the city will host the 18th Track and Field World Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Beth A. , who joins the cast in Episode 12 after Irene gets married , works as a production assistant , doing scenic painting and craft services work . She is a recovering alcoholic and member of Alcoholics Anonymous . MTV describes her as soft-spoken , and she describes herself as having dignity and integrity . Her status as a lesbian causes Tami to ponder her own biases when she first moves in . She becomes close friends with Glen , who says he appreciates her sincerity and depth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scenic_painting', 'summary': "Theatrical scenic painting includes wide-ranging disciplines , encompassing virtually the entire scope of painting and craft techniques . An experienced scenic painter ( or scenic artist ) will have skills in landscape painting , figurative painting , trompe l'oeil , and faux finishing , and be versatile in different media such as acrylic , oil , and tempera paint . The painter might also be accomplished in three-dimensional skills such as sculpting , plasterering and gilding . The scenic painter takes direction from the theatre designer . In some cases designers paint their own designs . The techniques and specialized knowledge of the scenic painter replicate an image to a larger scale from a designer 's maquette , perhaps with accompanying photographs , printouts and original research , and sometimes with paint and style samples ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous', 'summary': "Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) is an international mutual aid fellowship with the stated purpose of enabling its members to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety . AA is nonprofessional , self-supporting , and apolitical . Its only membership requirement is a desire to stop drinking . The AA program of recovery is set forth in the Twelve Steps . AA was founded in Akron , Ohio when in 1935 one alcoholic , Bill Wilson , talked to another alcoholic , Bob Smith , about the nature of alcoholism and a possible solution . With the help of other early members , the book Alcoholics Anonymous : The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered From Alcoholism was written in 1939 . Its title became the name of the organization and is now usually referred to as The Big Book . AA 's initial Twelve Traditions were introduced in 1946 to help the fellowship be stable and unified while disengaged from outside issues and influences . The Traditions recommend that members remain anonymous in public media , altruistically help other alcoholics , and that AA groups avoid official affiliations with other organizations . They also advise against dogma and coercive hierarchies . Subsequent fellowships such as Narcotics Anonymous have adapted the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions to their respective primary purposes . AA membership has since spread internationally across diverse cultures holding different beliefs and values , including geopolitical areas resistant to grassroots movements ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Cast', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'The_Real_World:_Los_Angeles_0', 'intro': "The Real World: California (retrospectively referred to as The Real World: Los Angeles, to distinguish it from subsequent installments of the series) is the second season of MTV's reality television series The Real World, which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months, as the cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the first season of The Real World to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States, specifically in California. The season featured a total of nine cast members over the course of the season, as one cast member was evicted and replaced, and another was replaced when she got married. The Real World expanded from 13 to 21 episodes with this season. Production for the season started from February to June 1993. This is the first of two seasons to be filmed in Los Angeles. In 2008, filming of the twentieth season again took place in Los Angeles, this time in the district of Hollywood. The season, which documented 22 weeks of the cast's interactions, began with two cast members being flown to Nashville and then spending ten days driving cross country to their Venice Beach house in a Winnebago, picking up a third cast member in Owensboro, Kentucky along the way."} | null | null | How many lived in 2010 in the town that Los Angeles Real World star Beth Stolarczyk is from ? | 28,849 |
0bc183bc0052c439 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Negeri_Sembilan_FA_season', 'title': '2013 Negeri Sembilan FA season', 'header': ['No', 'Pos', 'Name', 'Age', 'To'], 'data': [{'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'S. Kunanlan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S._Kunanlan', 'summary': "Kunanlan a/l Subramaniam ( born 15 September 1986 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Johor Darul Ta'zim . He was a member of the Malaysia national under-23 football team and a member of the 2009 Laos Sea Games Football Gold medal winning squad . He has played for the Malaysian national football team , and in summer 2009 he played twice against Manchester United in their pre season tour of the Far East . Kunanlan is known for his fast and speedy style of football . He loves to take on defenders with his pace ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selangor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Jean-Emmanuel Effa Owona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Emmanuel_Effa_Owona', 'summary': 'Jean-Emmanuel Effa Owona ( born 26 December 1983 in Cameroon ) is a Cameroonian footballer who last played as a striker for Negeri Sembilan FA in the Malaysia Premier League .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terengganu FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FA', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Shaffik Abdul Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Shaffik_Abdul_Rahman', 'summary': 'Shaffik Abdul Rahman ( born 14 July 1984 ) is a Malaysian footballer lastly playing for Negeri Sembilan FA in Malaysia Super League . He was born in Johor .'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free Agent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Free_Agent', 'summary': "In professional sports , a free agent is a player who is eligible to sign freely with any club or franchise ; i.e. , not under contract to any specific team . The term is also used in reference to a player who is under contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams . In some circumstances , the free agent 's options are limited by league rules ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Shukor Adan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shukor_Adan', 'summary': 'Muhammad Shukor bin Adan ( born 24 September 1979 in Malacca ) is a Malaysian professional footballer who last plays for Melaka United . He plays mainly as a defensive midfielder but can also play as a centre back . Shukor is the former captain of the Selangor team . He is a former member and former captain of the Malaysian national team of 2014 AFF Suzuki Cup campaign . He has been described as one of the top Malaysia midfielders in history .'}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ATM FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ATM_FA', 'summary': "Armed Forces Football Club commonly known as Armed Forces enters a team in Malaysian football competitions to represent the Malaysian Armed Forces . The club 's home stadium is the MINDEF Stadium . The club currently plays in the 3rd division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia M3 League ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Marian Farbák', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian_Farbák', 'summary': 'Marian Farbák ( born 10 February 1983 in Myjava ) is a Slovak football player who is currently playing for TJ Jednota Brestovec in the Slovakian League . He played in the Gambrinus liga in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2008 . Marian is a product of the TJ Spartak Myjava youth academy .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TJ Jednota Brestovec', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'G. Mahathevan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/G._Mahathevan', 'summary': 'G. Mahathevan ( born 31 May 1988 in Setapak , Kuala Lumpur ) is a Malaysian footballer currently playing for MISC-MIFA in the Malaysia Premier League . In February 2011 , Mahathevan was called up to the Malaysia national team for the first time by coach K. Rajagopal for the friendly match against Hong Kong national team where he made his debut as a substitute player .'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T-Team F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T–Team_F.C.', 'summary': "The club was founded on 14 July 2006 as T-Team . The club was formed after Football Association of Kuala Terengganu District decided to send a football team to compete in Malaysian League as T-Team . They competed in 2008 Malaysia FAM League and achieved promotion to Malaysia Premier League for 2009 season . The club was then also promoted to Malaysia Super League after just one season in second division and then competed in 2010 Malaysia Super League . The club was further rebranded as T-Team Titans to gather local support . The team quickly gained popularity among the local football fans as everyone 's favourite underdog . As the team kept surpassing the pundits ' and supporters ' expectations season after season they also showed that they were more than capable of competing and beating Malaysia 's heavyweights ( JDT , Pahang and Kedah ) even with their tight budget and often young squad ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Qhairul Anwar Roslani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qhairul_Anwar_Roslani', 'summary': 'Qhairul Anwar Roslani ( born 22 January 1987 in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan ) is a Malaysian footballer currently playing for PDRM FA in Malaysia Super League as a defender . He was a member of the Negeri Sembilan FA team that made the final of the 2010 Malaysia Cup , but lost to Kelantan FA .'}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terengganu FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FA', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Parameswaran Vijayan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free Agent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Free_Agent', 'summary': "In professional sports , a free agent is a player who is eligible to sign freely with any club or franchise ; i.e. , not under contract to any specific team . The term is also used in reference to a player who is under contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams . In some circumstances , the free agent 's options are limited by league rules ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Farizal Marlias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Farizal_Marlias', 'summary': "Mohd Farizal bin Marlias ( born 29 June 1986 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Johor Darul Ta'zim . He was a member of the Malaysian national team and also the Malaysian Pre-Olympic squad ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perak FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_FA', 'summary': "Perak has sent a football team to play in Malaya Cup since its inaugural season in 1921 . They were also one of the founding members of the Malayan Football Association ( the predecessor to the modern Football Association of Malaysia ) in 1926 . However , the team was not officially registered until 18 April 1951 , when the newly formed governing body of Perak football , the Perak Amateur Football Association ( PAFA ) , took over its management . . Perak is the third most successful club in Malaysia Cup history , having won the competition a total of 8 times , with the last of those coming in 2018 . It also won the inaugural FA Cup in 1990 , a feat it repeated in 2004 . Since Malaysian football league competition was introduced in 1982 , the team has emerged league winners twice ( in 2002 and 2003 ) and is the only team to have never been demoted to a lower division . Perak has yet to win the Super League since its foundation in 2004 , with its best showing coming in the 06-07 and 2018 seasons where they finished runners-up . It made its continental competition debut as a professional team at the 2008 AFC Cup , making it to the Quarter-Final stage before being eliminated by Safa . In February 2016 , the club rebranded as Perak The Bos Gaurus , or Perak TBG , as part of its privatisation plan to play in Malaysia Super League . Perak subsequently acquired its club license in 2017 , in accordance with FMLLP 's requirement for all M-League clubs to acquire their licenses by the start of the 2018 season . In 2019 , Perak acquired the AFC Club License , enabling it to participate in the AFC Champions League ."}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Khairul Ridzwan Othman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khairul_Ridzwan_Othman', 'summary': 'Khairul Ridzwan Othman ( born 7 October 1991 in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan ) is a Malaysian footballer formerly playing for Negeri Sembilan FA in Malaysia Super League .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sime Darby Plantation F.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Abdul Rahman Abdul Ghani', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free Agent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Free_Agent', 'summary': "In professional sports , a free agent is a player who is eligible to sign freely with any club or franchise ; i.e. , not under contract to any specific team . The term is also used in reference to a player who is under contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams . In some circumstances , the free agent 's options are limited by league rules ."}]}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Khairul Izuan Abdullah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khairul_Izuan_Abdullah', 'summary': 'Khairul Izuan Abdullah ( born 16 May 1986 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a striker for Malaysia Premier League side PDRM FA . He is also a police officer , ranked lance corporal , for the Royal Malaysian Police . In 2012 , Khairul emerged as the top goalscorer in the 2012 Malaysia Premier League with 27 goals . During 2012 Malaysia Cup Khairul was loaned to the Negeri Sembilan and he scored 2 goals in 8 appearances . In 2014 , Khairul won the Malaysia Premier League with PDRM FA .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PDRM FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PDRM_FA', 'summary': 'Royal Malaysia Police Football Association or simply known as Royal Police is an association football club associated with the entity of the Royal Malaysia Police , who play in the Malaysia Premier League , the second division of Malaysian football . The team is based in Kuala Lumpur . Domestically , Royal Police has won the Malaysia Premier League , the second tier of Malaysian football in 2006-07 and 2014 . They also won the People of Maldives Invitational Cup in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Azmeer Yusof', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Azmeer_Yusof', 'summary': 'Azmeer bin Yusof ( born 25 May 1990 ) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Malaysia Super League side Kedah as a centre back .'}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pos Malaysia F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pos_Malaysia_F.C.', 'summary': "DRB-HICOM Football Club is a football club established to compete in Malaysia football league . The team played in the Malaysia Premier League ( the second tier of the country 's professional league - Liga M ) since 2010 until 2016 before they withdrew from the league . It was simultaneously decided that the club 's 2nd team ( previously known as DRB-HICOM 2 ) to remain competing in an amateur league . Therefore , DRB-HICOM FC remained competing in the Kuala Lumpur Football Association ( KLFA ) League , where they have played since 2014 . This team is composed of employees of DRB-HICOM Group of Companies and experienced local players . The club is commonly known as The Great Bees ( D'GreatBees ) , and previously used Proton City Stadium in Tanjung Malim as their official home ground . The well-facilitated stadium currently has a capacity for 3,000 fans . However , since it now plays in a league in the Klang Valley , DRB-HICOM FC is now based in Glenmarie , Shah Alam ; the PROTON Casting Plant field is about 3 km away from the headquarters of DRB-HICOM Berhad . The conglomerate owns 50.1% of national carmaker PROTON ."}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'K. Thanaraj', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._Thanaraj', 'summary': 'K. Thanaraj ( born 3 January 1986 in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan ) is a Malaysian footballer .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabah FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabah_FA', 'summary': "Sabah Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Sabah ) is a football club that supervises football in the state of Sabah . The association 's football team competes in Malaysia 's football league representing the state of Sabah in Borneo . It is one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure . They currently compete in Malaysia 's top division professional football league , the Malaysia Super League . The team 's home matches are played at the 35,000 capacity Likas Stadium in Kota Kinabalu , the capital city of Sabah . The team has won the Malaysia FA Cup in 1995 , the Malaysian Premier League ( top tier ) in 1996 , and the Malaysia Premier League ( second tier ) in 2019 . In 1995 , the team also advanced to the second round of the Asian Cup Winners ' Cup after beating An Giang of V-League by 3-1 on aggregate , only to crashing out later to Bellmare Hiratsuka ( current Shonan Bellmare ) of J-League by 1-7 on aggregate ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Transfers -- Disember', 'section_text': 'In Out', 'uid': 'Negeri_Sembilan_FA_Season_2013_2', 'intro': "The 2013 season was Negeri Sembilan's sixth season in the Malaysia Super League, the top flight of Malaysian football. The club finished 12th in the table and were relegated to the Malaysia Premier League."} | null | null | In what month was the youngest player playing DF born ? | May |
0bc1ee19e6b07d82 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_(Canadian_coin)', 'title': 'Quarter (Canadian coin)', 'header': ['Province/territory', 'Date of Release', 'Description', 'Artist', 'Mintage'], 'data': [{'value': 'Alberta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberta', 'summary': "Alberta is a province of Canada . With an estimated population of 4,067,175 as of 2016 census , it is Canada 's fourth most populous province and the most populous of Canada 's three prairie provinces . Its area is about 660,000 square kilometres ( 250,000 sq mi ) . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1 , 1905 . The premier is Jason Kenney as of April 30 , 2019 . Alberta is bordered by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east , the Northwest Territories to the north , and the U.S. state of Montana to the south . Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces . It has a predominantly humid continental climate , with stark contrasts over a year ; but seasonal temperature average swings are smaller than in areas further east , due to winters being warmed by occasional chinook winds bringing sudden warming . Alberta 's capital , Edmonton , is near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada 's crude oil , the Athabasca oil sands and other northern resource industries . About 290 km ( 180 mi ) south of the capital is Calgary , the largest city in Alberta . Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta 's two census metropolitan areas , both of which have populations exceeding one million , while the province has 16 census agglomerations . Tourist destinations in the province include Banff , Canmore , Drumheller , Jasper , Sylvan Lake and Lake Louise ."}]}, {'value': '1992-06-04 June 4 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Alberta badlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badlands', 'summary': 'Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded by wind and water . They are characterized by steep slopes , minimal vegetation , lack of a substantial regolith , and high drainage density . They can resemble malpaís , a terrain of volcanic rock . Canyons , ravines , gullies , buttes , mesas , hoodoos and other such geologic forms are common in badlands . They are often difficult to navigate by foot . Badlands often have a spectacular color display that alternates from dark black/blue coal stria to bright clays to red scoria .'}]}, {'value': 'Mel Heath', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,133,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Columbia', 'summary': "British Columbia ( BC ; French : Colombie-Britannique ) is the westernmost province in Canada , located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains . With an estimated population of 5.1 million as of 2019 [ update ] , it is Canada 's third-most populous province . The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria , established in 1843 , which gave rise to the City of Victoria , at first the capital of the separate Colony of Vancouver Island . Subsequently , on the mainland , the Colony of British Columbia ( 1858-1866 ) was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers , Columbia Detachment , in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . Moody was Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for the Colony and the first Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia : he was hand-picked by the Colonial Office in London to transform British Columbia into the British Empire 's bulwark in the farthest west , and to found a second England on the shores of the Pacific . Moody selected the site for and founded the original capital of British Columbia , New Westminster , established the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park , and designed the first version of the Coat of arms of British Columbia . Port Moody is named after him . In 1866 , Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia , and Victoria became the united colony 's capital . In 1871 , British Columbia became the sixth province of Canada . Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu ( Splendour without Diminishment ) . The capital of British Columbia is Victoria , the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada , named for Queen Victoria , who ruled during the creation of the original colonies . The largest city is Vancouver , the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada , the largest in Western Canada , and the second-largest in the Pacific Northwest ."}]}, {'value': '1992-11-09 December 9 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'An orca surfacing with the Coast Mountains in the distance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Killer_whale', 'summary': "The killer whale or orca ( Orcinus orca ) is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family , of which it is the largest member . Killer whales have a diverse diet , although individual populations often specialize in particular types of prey . Some feed exclusively on fish , while others hunt marine mammals such as seals and other species of dolphin . They have been known to attack baleen whale calves , and even adult whales . Killer whales are apex predators , as no animal preys on them . A cosmopolitan species , they can be found in each of the world 's oceans in a variety of marine environments , from Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical seas , absent only from the Baltic and Black seas , and some areas of the Arctic Ocean . Killer whales are highly social ; some populations are composed of matrilineal family groups ( pods ) which are the most stable of any animal species . Their sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviours , which are often specific to a particular group and passed across generations , have been described as manifestations of animal culture . The International Union for Conservation of Nature assesses the orca 's conservation status as data deficient because of the likelihood that two or more killer whale types are separate species . Some local populations are considered threatened or endangered due to prey depletion , habitat loss , pollution ( by PCBs ) , capture for marine mammal parks , and conflicts with human fisheries . In late 2005 , the southern resident killer whales , which swim in British Columbia and Washington state waters , were placed on the U.S . Endangered Species list ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Coast_Mountains', 'summary': "The Coast Mountains are a major mountain range in the Pacific Coast Ranges of western North America , extending from southwestern Yukon through the Alaska Panhandle and virtually all of the Coast of British Columbia south to the Fraser River . The mountain range 's name derives from its proximity to the sea coast , and it is often referred to as the Coast Range . The range includes volcanic and non-volcanic mountains and the extensive ice fields of the Pacific and Boundary Ranges , and the northern end of the volcanic system known as the Cascade Volcanoes . The Coast Mountains are part of a larger mountain system called the Pacific Coast Ranges or the Pacific Mountain System , which includes the Cascade Range , the Insular Mountains , the Olympic Mountains , the Oregon Coast Range , the California Coast Ranges , the Saint Elias Mountains and the Chugach Mountains . The Coast Mountains are also part of the American Cordillera - a Spanish term for an extensive chain of mountain ranges - that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western backbone of North America , Central America , South America and Antarctica . The Coast Mountains are approximately 1,600 kilometres ( 1,000 mi ) long and average 300 kilometres ( 190 mi ) in width . The range 's southern and southeastern boundaries are surrounded by the Fraser River and the Interior Plateau while its far northwestern edge is delimited by the Kelsall and Tatshenshini Rivers at the north end of the Alaska Panhandle , beyond which are the Saint Elias Mountains , and by Champagne Pass in the Yukon Territory . Covered in dense temperate rainforest on its western exposures , the range rises to heavily glaciated peaks , including the largest temperate-latitude ice fields in the world . On its eastern flanks , the range tapers to the dry Interior Plateau and the subarctic boreal forests of the Skeena Mountains and Stikine Plateau . The Coast Mountains are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire - the ring of volcanoes and associated mountains around the Pacific Ocean - and contain some of British Columbia 's highest mountains . Mount Waddington is the highest mountain of the Coast Mountains and the highest that lies entirely within British Columbia , located northeast of the head of Knight Inlet with an elevation of 4,019 metres ( 13,186 ft ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Carla Egan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14,001,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manitoba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manitoba', 'summary': "Manitoba ( /ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə/ ( listen ) ) is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada . It is often considered one of the three prairie provinces ( with Alberta and Saskatchewan ) and is Canada 's fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1.369 million people . Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres ( 250,900 sq mi ) with a widely varied landscape , stretching from the northern oceanic coastline to the southern border with the United States . The province is bordered by the provinces of Ontario to the east and Saskatchewan to the west , the territories of Nunavut to the north , and Northwest Territories to the northwest , and the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south . Indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years . In the late 17th century , fur traders arrived on two major river systems , what is now called the Nelson in northern Manitoba and in the southeast along the Winnipeg River system . A Royal Charter in 1670 granted all the lands draining into Hudson 's Bay to the British company and they administered trade in what was then called Rupert 's Land . During the next 200 years , communities continued to grow and evolve , with a significant settlement of Michif in what is now Winnipeg . The assertion of Métis identity and self-rule culminated in negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba . There are many factors that led to an armed uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada , a conflict known as the Red River Rebellion . The resolution of the assertion of the right to representation led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province . Manitoba 's capital and largest city , Winnipeg , is the eighth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada ."}]}, {'value': '1992-04-07 April 7 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A Hudson 's Bay Company fort", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hudson's_Bay_Company", 'summary': "The Hudson 's Bay Company ( HBC ; French : Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson ) is a Canadian retail business group . A fur trading business for much of its existence , HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada and the United States . The company sold most of its European operations by August 2019 and its remaining stores , in the Netherlands , were closed by the end of 2019 . HBC owns the Saks stores in the US ; most other US operations were sold by mid-2019 and the last remaining stores ( Lord & Taylor chain ) were sold prior to the end of 2019 . The company 's namesake business division is Hudson 's Bay , commonly referred to as The Bay ( La Baie in French ) . After incorporation by English royal charter in 1670 , the company functioned as the de facto government in parts of North America for nearly 200 years until the HBC sold the land it owned ( the entire Hudson Bay drainage basin , known as Rupert 's Land ) to Canada in 1869 as part of The Deed of Surrender , authorised by the Rupert 's Land Act 1868 . During its peak , the company controlled the fur trade throughout much of the English- and later British-controlled North America . By the mid-19th century , the company evolved into a mercantile business selling a wide variety of products from furs to fine homeware in a small number of sales shops ( as opposed to trading posts ) across Canada . These shops were the first step towards the department stores the company owns today . In 2008 , HBC was acquired by NRDC Equity Partners , which also owns the upmarket American department store Lord & Taylor . From 2008 to 2012 , the HBC was run through a holding company of NRDC , Hudson 's Bay Trading Company , which was dissolved in early 2012 . HBC 's head office is currently located in Brampton , Ontario ."}]}, {'value': 'Muriel Hope', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,349,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Brunswick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Brunswick', 'summary': "New Brunswick is one of four Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada . According to the Constitution of Canada , New Brunswick is the only bilingual province . About two-thirds of the population declare themselves anglophones , and one third francophones . One-third of the population describes themselves as bilingual . Atypically for Canada , only about half of the population lives in urban areas , mostly in Greater Moncton , Greater Saint John and the capital Fredericton . Unlike the other Maritime provinces , New Brunswick 's terrain is mostly forested uplands , with much of the land further from the coast , giving it a harsher climate . New Brunswick is 83% forested and less densely-populated than the rest of the Maritimes . Being relatively close to Europe , New Brunswick was among the first places in North America to be explored and settled by Europeans , starting with the French in the early 1600s , who displaced the indigenous Mi'kmaq , Maliseet , and the Passamaquoddy peoples . The French settlers were later displaced when the area became part of the British Empire . In 1784 , after an influx of refugees from the American Revolutionary War , the province was partitioned from Nova Scotia . In 1785 Saint John became Canada 's first incorporated city . The province prospered in the early 1800s and the population grew rapidly , reaching about a quarter of a million by mid-century ."}]}, {'value': '1992-01-09 January 9 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hartland Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hartland_Bridge', 'summary': "The Hartland Covered Bridge in Hartland , New Brunswick , is the world 's longest covered bridge , at 1,282 feet ( 391 m ) long . It crosses the Saint John River from Hartland to Somerville , New Brunswick , Canada . The framework consists of seven small Howe Truss bridges joined together on six piers ."}]}, {'value': 'Ronald Lambert', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,174,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newfoundland and Labrador', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': "Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada . Situated in the country 's Atlantic region , it is composed of the insular region of Newfoundland and the continental region of Labrador to the northwest , with a combined area of 405,212 square kilometres ( 156,500 sq mi ) . In 2018 , the province 's population was estimated at 525,073 . About 92% of the province 's population lives on the island of Newfoundland ( and its neighbouring smaller islands ) , of whom more than half live on the Avalon Peninsula . The province is Canada 's most linguistically homogeneous , with 97.0% of residents reporting English ( Newfoundland English ) as their mother tongue in the 2016 census . Historically , Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French and Irish , as well as the extinct Beothuk language . In Labrador , the indigenous languages Innu-aimun and Inuktitut are also spoken . Newfoundland and Labrador 's capital and largest city , St. John 's , is Canada 's 20th-largest census metropolitan area and is home to almost 40 per cent of the province 's population . St. John 's is the seat of government , home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the highest court in the jurisdiction , the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal . A former colony and then dominion of the United Kingdom , Newfoundland gave up its independence in 1933 , following significant economic distress caused by the Great Depression and the aftermath of Newfoundland 's participation in World War I . It became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on 31 March 1949 , as Newfoundland . On 6 December 2001 , an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada to change the province 's name to Newfoundland and Labrador ."}]}, {'value': '1992-03-05 March 5 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A fisherman in a dory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dory', 'summary': 'A dory is a small , shallow-draft boat , about 5 to 7 metres or 16 feet 5 inches to 23 feet 0 inches long . It is usually a lightweight boat with high sides , a flat bottom and sharp bows . They are easy to build because of their simple lines . For centuries , dories have been used as traditional fishing boats , both in coastal waters and in the open sea .'}]}, {'value': 'Christoper Newhook', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,405,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwest Territories', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwest_Territories', 'summary': "The Northwest Territories ( abbr . NT or NWT ; French : les Territoires du Nord-Ouest , abbr . TNO ; Athapascan languages : Denendeh ; Inuvialuk : Nunatsiaq ; Inuktitut : ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ) is a federal territory of Canada . At a land area of approximately 1,144,000 km2 ( 442,000 sq mi ) and a 2016 census population of 41,786 , it is the second-largest and the most populous of the three territories in Northern Canada . Its estimated population as of 2019 is 44,895 . Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967 , following recommendations by the Carrothers Commission . The Northwest Territories , a portion of the old North-Western Territory , entered the Canadian Confederation on July 15 , 1870 . Since then , the territory has been divided several times to create new provinces and territories or enlarge existing ones . Its current borders date from April 1 , 1999 , when the territory was divided to create Nunavut to the east , via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement . While Nunavut is mostly Arctic tundra , the Northwest Territories has a slightly warmer climate and is both boreal forest ( taiga ) and tundra , and its most northern regions form part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . The Northwest Territories is bordered by Canada 's two other territories , Nunavut to the east and Yukon to the west , and by the provinces of British Columbia , Alberta , and Saskatchewan to the south , and may touch Manitoba at a quadripoint to the southeast ."}]}, {'value': '1992-02-06 February 6 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'An inuksuk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inuksuk', 'summary': 'An inuksuk ( plural inuksuit ) ( from the Inuktitut : ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ , plural ᐃᓄᒃᓱᐃᑦ ; alternatively inukhuk in Inuinnaqtun , iñuksuk in Iñupiaq , inussuk in Greenlandic , and sometimes inukshuk in English ) is a manmade stone landmark or cairn built for use by the Inuit , Iñupiat , Kalaallit , Yupik , and other peoples of the Arctic region of North America . These structures are found in northern Canada , Greenland , and Alaska ( United States ) . This combined region , above the Arctic Circle , is dominated by the tundra biome and has areas with few natural landmarks . The inuksuk may historically have been used for navigation , as a point of reference , a marker for travel routes , fishing places , camps , hunting grounds , places of veneration , drift fences used in hunting , or to mark a food cache . The Iñupiat in northern Alaska used inuksuit to assist in the herding of caribou into contained areas for slaughter . Varying in shape and size , the inuksuit have ancient roots in Inuit culture . Historically , the most common types of inuksuk are built with stone placed upon stone . The simplest type is a single stone positioned in an upright manner . There is some debate as to whether the appearance of human- or cross-shaped cairns developed in the Inuit culture before the arrival of European missionaries and explorers . [ citation needed ] The size of some inuksuit suggest that the construction was often a communal effort . At Inuksuk Point ( Enukso Point ) on Baffin Island , there are more than 100 inuksuit . The site was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1969 .'}]}, {'value': 'Beth McEachen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,580,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nova Scotia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Nova Scotia ( /noʊvə ˈskoʊʃə/ ) is a province in eastern Canada . With a population of 923,598 as of 2016 , it is the most populous of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and the four Atlantic provinces . It is the country 's second most-densely populated province and second-smallest province by area , both after neighbouring Prince Edward Island . Its area of 55,284 square kilometres ( 21,345 sq mi ) includes Cape Breton Island and 3,800 other coastal islands . The peninsula that makes up Nova Scotia 's mainland is connected to the rest of North America by the Isthmus of Chignecto , on which the province 's land border with New Brunswick is located . The province borders the Bay of Fundy to the northwest and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east , and is separated from Prince Edward Island and the island of Newfoundland by the Northumberland and Cabot straits , respectively . The land that comprises what is now Nova Scotia has been inhabited by the indigenous Miꞌkmaq people for thousands of years . France 's first settlement in North America , Port-Royal , was established in 1605 and intermittently served in various locations as the capital of the French colony of Acadia for over a hundred years . The Fortress of Louisbourg was a key focus point in the struggle between the British and French for control of the area , changing hands numerous times in the until France relinquished its claims with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 . During the American Revolutionary War , thousands of Loyalists settled in Nova Scotia . In 1848 , Nova Scotia became the first British colony to achieve responsible government , and it federated in July 1867 with New Brunswick and the Province of Canada ( now Ontario and Quebec ) to form what is now the country of Canada . Nova Scotia 's capital and largest city is Halifax , which is today home to about 45 per cent of the province 's population , is the thirteenth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada , the largest city in Atlantic Canada , and Canadas second largest coastal city ( after Vancouver ) ."}]}, {'value': '1992-09-09 September 9 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The Peggys Point Lighthouse at Peggy 's Cove", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peggys_Point_Lighthouse', 'summary': "Peggys Point Lighthouse , also known as Peggys Cove Lighthouse , is an active lighthouse and an iconic Canadian image . Located within Peggy 's Cove , Nova Scotia , it is one of the busiest tourist attractions in the province and is a prime attraction on the Lighthouse Trail scenic drive . The lighthouse marks the eastern entrance of St. Margarets Bay and is officially known as the Peggys Point Lighthouse ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Peggy's_Cove,_Nova_Scotia", 'summary': "Peggy 's Cove is a small rural community located on the eastern shore of St. Margarets Bay in Nova Scotia 's Halifax Regional Municipality , which is the site of Peggys Point Lighthouse ( established 1868 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Wood', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,600,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}]}, {'value': '1992-08-06 August 6 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A windswept tree on the Canadian Shield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Shield', 'summary': 'The Canadian Shield , also called the Laurentian Plateau , or Bouclier canadien ( French ) , is a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks ( geological shield ) that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent ( the North American Craton or Laurentia ) . Composed of igneous rock resulting from its long volcanic history , the area is covered by a thin layer of soil . With a deep , common , joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada , it stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean , covering over half of Canada ; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the United States . Human population is sparse , and industrial development is minimal , while mining is prevalent .'}]}, {'value': 'Greg Salmela', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14,263,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prince Edward Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island', 'summary': "Prince Edward Island ( PEI ) is a province of Canada and one of the three Maritime Provinces . It is the smallest province of Canada in both land area and population , but it is the most densely populated . Part of the traditional lands of the Mi'kmaq , it became a British colony in the 1700s and was federated into Canada as a province in 1873 . Its capital is Charlottetown . According to Statistics Canada , the province of PEI has 155,318 residents . The backbone of the island economy is farming ; it produces 25% of Canada 's potatoes . Other important industries include the fisheries , tourism , aerospace , bio-science , IT , and renewable energy . The island has several informal names : Garden of the Gulf , referring to the pastoral scenery and lush agricultural lands throughout the province ; and Birthplace of Confederation or Cradle of Confederation , referring to the Charlottetown Conference in 1864 , although PEI did not join Confederation until 1873 , when it became the seventh Canadian province . Historically , PEI is one of Canada 's older settlements and demographically still reflects older immigration to the country , with Scottish , Irish , English and French surnames being dominant . PEI is located about 200 kilometres ( 120 miles ) north of Halifax , Nova Scotia , and 600 kilometres ( 370 miles ) east of Quebec City and has a land area of 5,686.03 km2 ( 2,195.39 sq mi ) . The main island is 5,620 km2 ( 2,170 sq mi ) in size . It is the 104th-largest island in the world and Canada 's 23rd-largest island ."}]}, {'value': '1992-07-07 July 7 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The province 's distinctive coastline", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geography_of_Prince_Edward_Island', 'summary': "Prince Edward Island 's geography is mostly pastoral with red soil , white sand , and scattered communities . Known as the Garden of the Gulf , the island is located in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence north of Nova Scotia and east of New Brunswick , with which it forms the Northumberland Strait . PEI consists of the capital city Charlottetown , as well as urban towns Cornwall and Stratford and a developing urban fringe . A smaller urban area surrounds Summerside Harbour , situated on the southern shore 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) west of Charlottetown Harbour , and consists primarily of the city of Summerside . As with all natural harbours on the island , Charlottetown and Summerside harbours are created by rias . ( See also a list of communities in Prince Edward Island . ) The island 's landscape is pastoral : rolling hills , pristine forests , white sand beaches , ocean coves and the famous red soil have given Prince Edward Island a reputation as a province of outstanding natural beauty . A number of laws have been passed by the provincial government to attempt to preserve the landscape through regulation , although the lack of consistent enforcement and absence of province-wide zoning and land-use planning has resulted in some aesthetically displeasing development in recent years . The island 's lush landscape has had a strong bearing not only on its economy but also its culture . Author Lucy Maud Montgomery drew inspiration from the land during the late Victorian Era for the setting of her classic novel Anne of Green Gables . Today , many of the same qualities that Montgomery and others found in the Island are enjoyed by tourists who visit during all seasons . They enjoy a variety of leisure activities , including beaches , various golf courses , eco-tourism adventures , and simply touring the countryside and enjoying cultural events in local communities around the island ."}]}, {'value': 'Nigel Roe', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,001,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec ( /k ( w ) ɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada ( with Ontario ) . Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada , after Ontario . It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions ."}]}, {'value': '1992-10-01 October 1 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sailboats at Percé Rock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Percé_Rock', 'summary': "Percé Rock ( French : Rocher Percé , meaning pierced rock ) is a huge sheer rock formation in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence on the tip of the Gaspé Peninsula in Québec , Canada , off Percé Bay . Percé Rock appears from a distance like a ship under sail . It is one of the world 's largest natural arches located in water and is considered a geologically and historically rich natural icon of Quebec . It is a major attraction in the Gaspésie region ."}]}, {'value': 'Romualdas Bukauskas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,607,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saskatchewan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan', 'summary': "Saskatchewan ( /səˈskætʃəwən , sæ- , -wɒn/ ( listen ) ) is a prairie and boreal province in western Canada , the only province without a natural border . It has an area of 651,900 square kilometres ( 251,700 sq mi ) , nearly 10 percent of which ( 59,366 square kilometres ( 22,900 sq mi ) ) is fresh water , composed mostly of rivers , reservoirs , and the province 's 100,000 lakes . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta , on the north by the Northwest Territories , on the east by Manitoba , to the northeast by Nunavut , and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota . As of Q3 2019 , Saskatchewan 's population was estimated at 1,178,657 . Residents primarily live in the southern prairie half of the province , while the northern boreal half is mostly forested and sparsely populated . Of the total population , roughly half live in the province 's largest city Saskatoon , or the provincial capital Regina . Other notable cities include Prince Albert , Moose Jaw , Yorkton , Swift Current , North Battleford , Melfort , and the border city Lloydminster ( partially within Alberta ) . Saskatchewan is a landlocked province with large distances to moderating bodies of waters . As a result , its climate is extremely continental , rendering severe winters throughout the province . Southern areas have very warm or hot summers . Midale and Yellow Grass ( both near the U.S. border ) are tied for the highest ever recorded temperatures in Canada , with 45 °C ( 113 °F ) observed at both locations on July 5 , 1937 . In winter , temperatures below −45 °C ( −49 °F ) are possible even in the south during extreme cold snaps ."}]}, {'value': '1992-11-05 November 5 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ears of wheat , grain elevators , and a train of Canadian Wheat Board hopper cars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grain_elevator', 'summary': "A grain elevator is an agrarian facility complex designed to stockpile or store grain . In grain trade , the term grain elevator also describes a tower containing a bucket elevator or a pneumatic conveyor , which scoops up grain from a lower level and deposits it in a silo or other storage facility . In most cases , the term grain elevator also describes the entire elevator complex , including receiving and testing offices , weighbridges , and storage facilities . It may also mean organizations that operate or control several individual elevators , in different locations . In Australia the term grain elevator describes only the lifting mechanism . ( See Usage , below . ) Before the advent of the grain elevator , grain was usually handled in bags rather than in bulk ( large quantities of loose grain ) . Dart 's Elevator was a major innovation . It was invented by Joseph Dart , a merchant , and Robert Dunbar , an engineer , in 1842 and 1843 , in Buffalo , New York . Using the steam-powered flour mills of Oliver Evans as their model , they invented the marine leg , which scooped loose grain out of the hulls of ships and elevated it to the top of a marine tower . Early grain elevators and bins were often built of framed or cribbed wood , and were prone to fire . Grain-elevator bins , tanks , and silos are now usually made of steel or reinforced concrete ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Wheat_Board', 'summary': "The Canadian Wheat Board ( French : Commission canadienne du blé ) was a marketing board for wheat and barley in Western Canada . Established by the Parliament of Canada on 5 July 1935 , its operation was governed by the Canadian Wheat Board Act as a mandatory producer marketing system for wheat and barley in Alberta , Saskatchewan , Manitoba , and a small part of British Columbia . It was illegal for any farmer in areas under the CWB 's jurisdiction to sell their wheat and barley through any other channel than the CWB . Although often called a monopoly , it was actually a monopsony since it was the only buyer of wheat and barley . It was a marketing agency acting on behalf of Western Canadian farmers , passing all profits from its operation back to farmers . Its market power over wheat and barley marketing was referred to as the Single Desk ."}]}, {'value': 'Brian Cobb', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14,165,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yukon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yukon', 'summary': "Yukon ( /ˈjuːkɒn/ ( listen ) ; French : [ jykɔ̃ ] ; also commonly called the Yukon ) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada 's three territories . It has the smallest population of any province or territory in Canada , with a population of 35,874 people . Whitehorse , the territorial capital and Yukon 's only city , is the largest settlement in any of the three territories . Yukon was split from the Northwest Territories in 1898 and was originally named the Yukon Territory . The federal government 's Yukon Act , which received royal assent on March 27 , 2002 , established Yukon as the territory 's official name , though Yukon Territory is also still popular in usage and Canada Post continues to use the territory 's internationally approved postal abbreviation of YT . Though officially bilingual ( English and French ) , the Yukon government also recognizes First Nations languages . At 5,959 m ( 19,551 ft ) , Yukon 's Mount Logan , in Kluane National Park and Reserve , is the highest mountain in Canada and the second-highest on the North American continent ( after Denali in the U.S. state of Alaska ) . Most of Yukon has a subarctic climate , characterized by long , cold winters and brief , warm summers . The Arctic Ocean coast has a tundra climate . Notable rivers include the Yukon River ( after which the territory was named ) , as well as the Pelly , Stewart , Peel , White , and Tatshenshini rivers ."}]}, {'value': '1992-05-07 May 7 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Kaskawulsh Glacier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaskawulsh_Glacier', 'summary': 'The Kaskawulsh Glacier is a vast , temperate valley glacier nestled in the St. Elias Mountains , within Kluane National Park in the Canadian territory of Yukon .'}]}, {'value': 'Libby Dulac', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,388,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Commemorative reverses -- 1992 125th Anniversary of Confederation', 'section_text': 'In 1992 , to celebrate the 125th anniversary of Confederation , the Mint released twelve commemorative coins , one for each Canadian province and territory at the time . These were the inspiration [ 11 ] for the US 50 State Quarters program of 1999–2008 . Nunavut , which separated from the Northwest Territories seven years later in 1999 , was honoured with a special $ 2 coin .', 'uid': 'Quarter_(Canadian_coin)_1', 'intro': "The quarter, short for quarter dollar, is a Canadian coin worth 25 cents or one-fourth of a Canadian dollar. It is a small, circular coin of silver colour. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official name for the coin is the 25-cent piece, but in practice it is usually called a quarter, much like its American counterpart. In French, it is called a caribou or trente sous (thirty sous, based on the old exchange rate). The coin is produced at the Royal Canadian Mint's facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba."} | null | null | Who was the artist that idealized the quarter ( canadian coin ) which had an image of a shallow-draft boat ? | Christoper Newhook |
0bc233bab42f2ce9 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_disasters_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll', 'title': 'List of disasters in the United States by death toll', 'header': ['Year', 'Type', 'Fatalities', 'Article', 'Location', 'Comments'], 'data': [{'value': '1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tropical cyclone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tropical_cyclone', 'summary': "A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds , and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls . Depending on its location and strength , a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names , including hurricane ( /ˈhʌrɪkən , -keɪn/ ) , typhoon ( /taɪˈfuːn/ ) , tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , and simply cyclone . A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ; in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean , comparable storms are referred to simply as tropical cyclones or severe cyclonic storms . Tropical refers to the geographical origin of these systems , which form almost exclusively over tropical seas . Cyclone refers to their winds moving in a circle , whirling round their central clear eye , with their winds blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere . The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect . Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water . They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface , which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation . This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms , such as nor'easters and European windstorms , which are fueled primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts . Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km ( 62 and 1,243 mi ) in diameter . The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth 's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation . As a result , they rarely form within 5° of the equator ."}]}, {'value': '6,000 to 12,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1900 Galveston hurricane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1900_Galveston_hurricane', 'summary': 'The Great Galveston hurricane , known regionally as the Great Storm of 1900 , was the deadliest natural disaster in United States history , one of the deadliest hurricanes ( or remnants ) to affect Canada , and the fourth-deadliest Atlantic hurricane overall . The hurricane left between 6,000 and 12,000 fatalities in the United States ; the number most cited in official reports is 8,000 . Most of these deaths occurred in and near Galveston , Texas , after storm surge inundated the coastline with 8 to 12 ft ( 2.4 to 3.7 m ) of water . In addition to the number killed , the storm destroyed about 7,000 buildings of all uses in Galveston , which included 3,636 destroyed homes ; every dwelling in the city suffered some degree of damage . The hurricane left approximately 10,000 people in the city homeless , out of a total population of nearly 38,000 . The disaster ended the Golden Era of Galveston , as the hurricane alarmed potential investors , who turned to Houston instead . In response to the storm , three engineers designed and oversaw plans to raise the Gulf of Mexico shoreline of Galveston island by 17 ft ( 5.2 m ) and erect a 10 mi ( 16 km ) seawall . On August 27 , 1900 , a ship east of the Windward Islands detected a tropical cyclone , the first observed during the annual season . Initially at tropical storm status , it remained mostly stagnant in intensity while moving steadily west-northwestward and entered the northeastern Caribbean Sea on August 30 . The storm made landfall in the Dominican Republic as a weak tropical storm on September 2 . It weakened slightly while crossing Hispaniola , before re-emerging into the Caribbean Sea later that day . On September 3 , the cyclone struck modern day Santiago de Cuba Province and then slowly drifted along the southern coast of Cuba .'}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Fatalities estimated . Remains the deadliest natural disaster in United States history', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tropical cyclone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tropical_cyclone', 'summary': "A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds , and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls . Depending on its location and strength , a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names , including hurricane ( /ˈhʌrɪkən , -keɪn/ ) , typhoon ( /taɪˈfuːn/ ) , tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , and simply cyclone . A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ; in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean , comparable storms are referred to simply as tropical cyclones or severe cyclonic storms . Tropical refers to the geographical origin of these systems , which form almost exclusively over tropical seas . Cyclone refers to their winds moving in a circle , whirling round their central clear eye , with their winds blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere . The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect . Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water . They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface , which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation . This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms , such as nor'easters and European windstorms , which are fueled primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts . Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km ( 62 and 1,243 mi ) in diameter . The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth 's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation . As a result , they rarely form within 5° of the equator ."}]}, {'value': '3,389', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1899 San Ciriaco hurricane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1899_San_Ciriaco_hurricane', 'summary': "1899 San Ciríaco hurricane , also known as the 1899 Puerto Rico Hurricane or The Great Bahamas Hurricane of 1899 , was the longest-lived Atlantic hurricane on record , and the second-longest-lived tropical cyclone globally on record ( in terms of tropical duration ) after 1994 's Hurricane John in the Pacific . It was also one of the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes in recorded history , with an estimated 3,800 fatalities . The third tropical cyclone and first major hurricane of the season , this storm was first observed southwest of Cape Verde on August 3 . It slowly strengthened while heading steadily west-northwestward across the Atlantic Ocean and reached hurricane status by late on August 5 . During the following 48 hours , it deepened further , reaching Category 4 on the modern day Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale ( SSHWS ) before crossing the Leeward Islands on August 7 . Later that day , the storm peaked winds of 150 mph ( 240 km/h ) . The storm weakened slightly before making landfall in Guayama , Puerto Rico with winds of 140 mph ( 220 km/h ) on August 8 . Several hours later , it emerged into the southwestern Atlantic as a Category 3 hurricane . The system paralleled the north coast of Dominican Republic and then crossed the Bahamas , striking several islands . Thereafter , it began heading northward on August 14 , while centered east of Florida . Early on the following day , the storm re-curved northeastward and appeared to be heading out to sea . However , by August 17 , it turned back to the northwest and made landfall near Hatteras , North Carolina early on the following day ."}]}, {'value': 'Puerto Rico , East Coast of the United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Puerto Rico [ a ] ( Spanish for Rich Port ; abbreviated PR ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Spanish : Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , lit . Free Associated State of Puerto Rico ) [ b ] and briefly called Porto Rico , [ c ] is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea , approximately 1,000 miles ( 1,600 km ) southeast of Miami , Florida . An archipelago among the Greater Antilles , located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands , such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . The territory 's total population is approximately 3.4 million , more than 21 U.S. states . Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government , though Spanish predominates . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 . It was contested by the French , Dutch , and British , but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries . The island 's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population , the forced migration of African slaves , and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia . In the Spanish Empire , Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain . Spain 's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century , producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous , African , and European elements . On September 23 , 1868 , Ramón Emeterio Betances unleashed a revolt against Spanish rule , declaring for the first time the idea of Puerto Ricans as a distinct people , with right to sovereignty ."}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States', 'summary': 'The East Coast of the United States , also known as the Eastern Seaboard , the Atlantic Coast , and the Atlantic Seaboard , is the coastline along which the Eastern United States meets the North Atlantic Ocean . The coastal states that have shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean are , from north to south , Maine , New Hampshire , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , Connecticut , New York , New Jersey , Delaware , Maryland , Virginia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Georgia , and Florida .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earthquake and fire ( urban conflagration )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earthquake', 'summary': "An earthquake ( also known as a quake , tremor or temblor ) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's lithosphere that creates seismic waves . Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they can not be felt to those violent enough to propel objects ( and people ) into the air , and wreak destruction across entire cities . The seismicity , or seismic activity , of an area is the frequency , type , and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time . The word tremor is also used for non-earthquake seismic rumbling . At the Earth 's surface , earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or disrupting the ground . When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore , the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami . Earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally , volcanic activity . In its most general sense , the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event - whether natural or caused by humans - that generates seismic waves . Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults but also by other events such as volcanic activity , landslides , mine blasts , and nuclear tests . An earthquake 's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter . The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fire', 'summary': "Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion , releasing heat , light , and various reaction products . Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition . Fire is hot because the conversion of the weak double bond in molecular oxygen , O2 , to the stronger bonds in the combustion products carbon dioxide and water releases energy ( 418 kJ per 32 g of O2 ) ; the bond energies of the fuel play only a minor role here . At a certain point in the combustion reaction , called the ignition point , flames are produced . The flame is the visible portion of the fire . Flames consist primarily of carbon dioxide , water vapor , oxygen and nitrogen . If hot enough , the gases may become ionized to produce plasma . Depending on the substances alight , and any impurities outside , the color of the flame and the fire 's intensity will be different . Fire in its most common form can result in conflagration , which has the potential to cause physical damage through burning . Fire is an important process that affects ecological systems around the globe . The positive effects of fire include stimulating growth and maintaining various ecological systems . The negative effects of fire include hazard to life and property , atmospheric pollution , and water contamination ."}]}, {'value': '3,000+', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906 San Francisco earthquake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake', 'summary': "The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday , April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI ( Extreme ) . High intensity shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley , an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area . Devastating fires soon broke out in the city and lasted for several days . As a result , up to 3,000 people died . Over 80% of the city of San Francisco was destroyed . The events are remembered as one of the worst and deadliest earthquakes in the history of the United States . The death toll remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California 's history and high in the lists of American disasters ."}]}, {'value': 'San Francisco , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco,_California', 'summary': "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ."}]}, {'value': 'Conflagration followed quake ; fatalities estimated ; also major casualties in Santa Rosa and San Jose . Deadliest earthquake in U.S. history', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California', 'summary': "Santa Rosa ( Spanish for Saint Rose ) is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County . Its estimated 2018 population was 177,586 . Santa Rosa is the largest city in California 's Redwood Empire , Wine Country and the North Bay ; the fifth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area after San Jose , San Francisco , Oakland , and Fremont ; and the 28th most populous city in California ."}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Jose,_California', 'summary': "San Jose [ A ] ( /ˌsæn hoʊˈzeɪ , -ˈseɪ/ ; Spanish : [ saŋ xoˈse ] ; Spanish for Saint Joseph ) , officially the City of San José , [ B ] is the economic , cultural and political center of Silicon Valley , and the largest city in Northern California ( both by population and area ) . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,030,119 , it is the third-most populous city in California ( after Los Angeles and San Diego ) and the tenth-most populous in United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley , on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles ( 466.1 km2 ) . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County , the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States . San Jose is the main component of the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area , with an estimated population of around 2 million residents in 2018 . It is also the most populous city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area , which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively . San Jose is a global city , notable as a center of innovation , for its affluence , Mediterranean climate , and extremely high cost of living . San Jose 's location within the booming high tech industry , as a cultural , political , and economic center has earned the city the nickname Capital of Silicon Valley . San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world , and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zürich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita . With a median home price of $ 1,085,000 , San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world , according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey . Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Systems , PayPal , Broadcom , Samsung , Acer , Hewlett Packard Enterprise , and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose , in the center of Silicon Valley ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terrorism', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terrorism', 'summary': 'Terrorism is , in the broadest sense , the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes . It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants ( mostly civilians and neutral military personnel ) . The terms terrorist and terrorism originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but gained mainstream popularity in the 1970s during the conflicts of Northern Ireland , the Basque Country and Palestine . The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the September 11 attacks in New York City and Washington , D.C. in 2001 . There are different definitions of terrorism . Terrorism is a charged term . It is often used with the connotation of something that is morally wrong . Governments and non-state groups use the term to abuse or denounce opposing groups . Varied political organizations have been accused of using terrorism to achieve their objectives . These include right-wing and left-wing political organizations , nationalist groups , religious groups , revolutionaries and ruling governments . Legislation declaring terrorism a crime has been adopted in many states . When terrorism is perpetrated by nation states , it is not considered terrorism by the state conducting it , making legality a largely grey-area issue .'}]}, {'value': '2,996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 11 attacks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/September_11_attacks', 'summary': "The September 11 attacks ( also referred to as 9/11 ) [ a ] were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday , September 11 , 2001 . The attacks resulted in 2,977 victim fatalities , over 25,000 injuries , and caused at least $ 10 billion in infrastructure and property damage . Additional people have died of 9/11-related cancer and respiratory diseases in the months and years following the attacks . Four passenger airliners operated by two major U.S. passenger air carriers ( United Airlines and American Airlines ) - all of which departed from airports in the northeastern United States bound for San Francisco and Los Angeles - were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists . Two of the planes , American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 , were crashed into the North and South towers , respectively , of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan . Within an hour and 42 minutes , both 110-story towers collapsed . Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex , including the 47-story 7 World Trade Center tower , as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures . A third plane , American Airlines Flight 77 , was crashed into the Pentagon ( the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense ) in Arlington County , Virginia , which led to a partial collapse of the building 's west side . The fourth plane , United Airlines Flight 93 , was initially flown toward Washington , D.C. , but crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township near Shanksville , Pennsylvania , after its passengers thwarted the hijackers . 9/11 is the single deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States , with 343 and 72 killed , respectively . Suspicion quickly fell on al-Qaeda . The United States responded by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban , which had failed to comply with U.S. demands to extradite Osama bin Laden and expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan ."}]}, {'value': 'New York City , Arlington County , Virginia , and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville , Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia', 'summary': "Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia , often referred to simply as Arlington or Arlington , Virginia . The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from the District of Columbia , of which it was once a part . The county is coterminous with the U.S. Census Bureau 's census-designated place of Arlington . Arlington is considered to be the second-largest principal city of the Washington metropolitan area . In 2018 , the county 's population was estimated at 237,521 , making Arlington the sixth-largest county in Virginia by population ; if it were incorporated as a city , would be the fourth-most populous city in the state . With a land area of 26 square miles ( 67 km2 ) , Arlington is the geographically smallest self-governing county in the U.S. , and by reason of state law regarding population density , it has no incorporated towns within its borders . It is the 5th highest-income county in the U.S. by median family income . Due to the county 's proximity to downtown Washington , D.C. , Arlington is home to the Pentagon , Reagan National Airport , and Arlington National Cemetery . In academia , the county contains George Mason University 's Antonin Scalia Law School , the administrative offices buildings and graduate programs for the Schar School of Policy and Government and School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution , as well as satellite campuses of the University of Virginia and Virginia Tech . It will soon house the co-headquarters of Amazon.com , Inc ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stonycreek_Township,_Somerset_County,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Stonycreek Township is a township in Somerset County , Pennsylvania , United States . The township takes its name from the stony creek which for a part of its course flows through it and then becomes its western boundary . As a stream it takes its name from the rocky bed over which It flows in a great part of its course . Its Indian name was Sinne-Hanne or Achsin-Hanne . Hanne means a stream and especially a swift mountain stream . [ citation needed ] The population was 2,221 at the 2000 census . It is part of the Johnstown , Pennsylvania , Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shanksville,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Shanksville is a borough in Somerset County , Pennsylvania , United States , with a population of 237 , as of the 2010 census . It is part of the Somerset , Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area and is approximately 75 miles southeast of Pittsburgh . Shanksville came to international attention during the September 11 attacks when United Airlines Flight 93 , bound for San Francisco , crashed in adjacent Stonycreek Township . The mayor of Shanksville is Matt McDermott .'}]}, {'value': '2,977 victims and 19 hijackers . Deadliest in New York City and the Washington DC metropolitan area . Deadliest terrorist attack in world history', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tropical cyclone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tropical_cyclone', 'summary': "A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds , and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls . Depending on its location and strength , a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names , including hurricane ( /ˈhʌrɪkən , -keɪn/ ) , typhoon ( /taɪˈfuːn/ ) , tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , and simply cyclone . A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ; in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean , comparable storms are referred to simply as tropical cyclones or severe cyclonic storms . Tropical refers to the geographical origin of these systems , which form almost exclusively over tropical seas . Cyclone refers to their winds moving in a circle , whirling round their central clear eye , with their winds blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere . The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect . Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water . They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface , which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation . This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms , such as nor'easters and European windstorms , which are fueled primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts . Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km ( 62 and 1,243 mi ) in diameter . The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth 's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation . As a result , they rarely form within 5° of the equator ."}]}, {'value': '2,982 ( estimated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hurricane Maria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hurricane_Maria', 'summary': 'Hurricane Maria was a deadly Category 5 hurricane that devastated Dominica , St Croix , and Puerto Rico in September 2017 . It is regarded as the worst natural disaster in recorded history to affect those islands and was also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Mitch in 1998 . The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017 , Maria was the thirteenth named storm , eighth consecutive hurricane , fourth major hurricane , second Category 5 hurricane , and deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season . At its peak , the hurricane caused catastrophic destruction and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean , compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma . Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $ 91.61 billion ( 2017 USD ) , mostly in Puerto Rico , ranking it as the third-costliest tropical cyclone on record . Originating from a tropical wave , Maria became a tropical storm on September 16 , east of the Lesser Antilles . Highly favorable environmental conditions allowed the storm to undergo explosive intensification as it approached the island arc . The hurricane reached Category 5 strength on September 18 just before making landfall on Dominica , becoming the first Category 5 hurricane on record to strike the island . After weakening slightly due to crossing Dominica , Maria achieved its peak intensity over the eastern Caribbean with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph ( 280 km/h ) and a pressure of 908 mbar ( hPa ; 26.81 inHg ) . On September 20 , an eyewall replacement cycle took place , weakening Maria to a high-end Category 4 hurricane by the time it struck Puerto Rico . Interaction with land further weakened the hurricane , though it regained some strength as it moved northeast of the Bahamas . Moving slowly to the north , Maria gradually degraded and weakened to a tropical storm on September 28 .'}]}, {'value': 'Puerto Rico , United States Virgin Islands , East Coast of the United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Puerto Rico [ a ] ( Spanish for Rich Port ; abbreviated PR ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Spanish : Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , lit . Free Associated State of Puerto Rico ) [ b ] and briefly called Porto Rico , [ c ] is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea , approximately 1,000 miles ( 1,600 km ) southeast of Miami , Florida . An archipelago among the Greater Antilles , located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands , such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . The territory 's total population is approximately 3.4 million , more than 21 U.S. states . Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government , though Spanish predominates . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 . It was contested by the French , Dutch , and British , but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries . The island 's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population , the forced migration of African slaves , and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia . In the Spanish Empire , Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain . Spain 's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century , producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous , African , and European elements . On September 23 , 1868 , Ramón Emeterio Betances unleashed a revolt against Spanish rule , declaring for the first time the idea of Puerto Ricans as a distinct people , with right to sovereignty ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands', 'summary': "The United States Virgin Islands ( abbreviated USVI ; also called the U.S. Virgin Islands or American Virgin Islands ) , officially the Virgin Islands of the United States , are a group of Caribbean islands and an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States . The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles to the east of Puerto Rico and west of the British Virgin Islands . The U.S. Virgin Islands consists of the main islands of Saint Croix , Saint John , and Saint Thomas , and many other surrounding minor islands . The total land area of the territory is 133.73 square miles ( 346.36 km2 ) . The territory 's capital is Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas . Previously known as the Danish West Indies of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway ( from 1754 to 1814 ) and the independent Kingdom of Denmark ( from 1814 to 1917 ) , they were sold to the United States by Denmark in the 1917 Treaty of the Danish West Indies . They are classified by the United Nations as a Non-Self-Governing Territory , and are currently an organised , unincorporated United States territory . The U.S. Virgin Islands are organised under the 1954 Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands and have since held five constitutional conventions . In 2010 , the population was 106,405 , with current estimates putting the population at 107,000 ( July 2018 ) , most of whom are of Afro-Caribbean descent . Tourism and related categories are the primary economic activities ."}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States', 'summary': 'The East Coast of the United States , also known as the Eastern Seaboard , the Atlantic Coast , and the Atlantic Seaboard , is the coastline along which the Eastern United States meets the North Atlantic Ocean . The coastal states that have shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean are , from north to south , Maine , New Hampshire , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , Connecticut , New York , New Jersey , Delaware , Maryland , Virginia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Georgia , and Florida .'}]}, {'value': 'Total includes at least 2,975 deaths based on a study by GWU on the estimated excess mortality . The official death count was previously 64 . The storm caused $ 90 billion ( 2017 USD ) in damage in Puerto Rico , and three deaths in the U.S. Virgin Islands , as well as an additional 75 deaths and $ 1.6 billion in damage across the rest of the Caribbean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Puerto Rico [ a ] ( Spanish for Rich Port ; abbreviated PR ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Spanish : Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , lit . Free Associated State of Puerto Rico ) [ b ] and briefly called Porto Rico , [ c ] is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea , approximately 1,000 miles ( 1,600 km ) southeast of Miami , Florida . An archipelago among the Greater Antilles , located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands , such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . The territory 's total population is approximately 3.4 million , more than 21 U.S. states . Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government , though Spanish predominates . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 . It was contested by the French , Dutch , and British , but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries . The island 's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population , the forced migration of African slaves , and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia . In the Spanish Empire , Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain . Spain 's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century , producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous , African , and European elements . On September 23 , 1868 , Ramón Emeterio Betances unleashed a revolt against Spanish rule , declaring for the first time the idea of Puerto Ricans as a distinct people , with right to sovereignty ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands', 'summary': "The United States Virgin Islands ( abbreviated USVI ; also called the U.S. Virgin Islands or American Virgin Islands ) , officially the Virgin Islands of the United States , are a group of Caribbean islands and an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States . The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles to the east of Puerto Rico and west of the British Virgin Islands . The U.S. Virgin Islands consists of the main islands of Saint Croix , Saint John , and Saint Thomas , and many other surrounding minor islands . The total land area of the territory is 133.73 square miles ( 346.36 km2 ) . The territory 's capital is Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas . Previously known as the Danish West Indies of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway ( from 1754 to 1814 ) and the independent Kingdom of Denmark ( from 1814 to 1917 ) , they were sold to the United States by Denmark in the 1917 Treaty of the Danish West Indies . They are classified by the United Nations as a Non-Self-Governing Territory , and are currently an organised , unincorporated United States territory . The U.S. Virgin Islands are organised under the 1954 Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands and have since held five constitutional conventions . In 2010 , the population was 106,405 , with current estimates putting the population at 107,000 ( July 2018 ) , most of whom are of Afro-Caribbean descent . Tourism and related categories are the primary economic activities ."}]}, {'value': '1928', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tropical cyclone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tropical_cyclone', 'summary': "A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds , and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls . Depending on its location and strength , a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names , including hurricane ( /ˈhʌrɪkən , -keɪn/ ) , typhoon ( /taɪˈfuːn/ ) , tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , and simply cyclone . A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ; in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean , comparable storms are referred to simply as tropical cyclones or severe cyclonic storms . Tropical refers to the geographical origin of these systems , which form almost exclusively over tropical seas . Cyclone refers to their winds moving in a circle , whirling round their central clear eye , with their winds blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere . The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect . Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water . They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface , which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation . This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms , such as nor'easters and European windstorms , which are fueled primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts . Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km ( 62 and 1,243 mi ) in diameter . The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth 's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation . As a result , they rarely form within 5° of the equator ."}]}, {'value': '2,823', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1928 Okeechobee hurricane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1928_Okeechobee_hurricane', 'summary': "The Okeechobee hurricane of 1928 , also known as the San Felipe Segundo hurricane , was one of the deadliest hurricanes in the recorded history of the North Atlantic basin , and the second deadliest hurricane in the United States , only behind the 1900 Galveston hurricane . The hurricane killed an estimated 2,500 people in the U.S , most of the fatalities occurred in the state of Florida , particularly in Lake Okeechobee . It was the fourth tropical cyclone , third hurricane , and only major hurricane of the year 's hurricane season . It developed off the west coast of Africa on September 6 as a tropical depression , but it strengthened into a tropical storm later that day , shortly before passing south of the Cape Verde islands . Further intensification was slow and halted late on September 7 . About 48 hours later , the storm strengthened and became a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale . Still moving westward , the system reached Category 4 intensity before striking Guadeloupe on September 12 , where it brought great destruction and resulted in 1,200 deaths . The islands of Martinique , Montserrat , and Nevis also reported damage and fatalities , but not nearly as severe as in Guadeloupe . Around midday on September 13 , the storm strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane and peaked with sustained winds of 160 mph ( 260 km/h ) . About six hours later , the system made landfall in Puerto Rico ; it remains the only tropical cyclone on record to strike the island at Category 5 intensity , as of 2019 . Very strong winds resulted in severe damage in Puerto Rico ; 24,728 homes were destroyed and 192,444 were damaged throughout the island , leaving over 500,000 people homeless . Heavy rainfall also led to extreme damage to vegetation and agriculture ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida , Puerto Rico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Puerto Rico [ a ] ( Spanish for Rich Port ; abbreviated PR ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Spanish : Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , lit . Free Associated State of Puerto Rico ) [ b ] and briefly called Porto Rico , [ c ] is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea , approximately 1,000 miles ( 1,600 km ) southeast of Miami , Florida . An archipelago among the Greater Antilles , located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands , such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . The territory 's total population is approximately 3.4 million , more than 21 U.S. states . Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government , though Spanish predominates . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 . It was contested by the French , Dutch , and British , but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries . The island 's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population , the forced migration of African slaves , and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia . In the Spanish Empire , Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain . Spain 's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century , producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous , African , and European elements . On September 23 , 1868 , Ramón Emeterio Betances unleashed a revolt against Spanish rule , declaring for the first time the idea of Puerto Ricans as a distinct people , with right to sovereignty ."}]}, {'value': '4,000+ believed dead total . Includes 2,511+ in the contiguous United States , 312 in Puerto Rico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Puerto Rico [ a ] ( Spanish for Rich Port ; abbreviated PR ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Spanish : Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , lit . Free Associated State of Puerto Rico ) [ b ] and briefly called Porto Rico , [ c ] is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea , approximately 1,000 miles ( 1,600 km ) southeast of Miami , Florida . An archipelago among the Greater Antilles , located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands , such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . The territory 's total population is approximately 3.4 million , more than 21 U.S. states . Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government , though Spanish predominates . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 . It was contested by the French , Dutch , and British , but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries . The island 's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population , the forced migration of African slaves , and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia . In the Spanish Empire , Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain . Spain 's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century , producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous , African , and European elements . On September 23 , 1868 , Ramón Emeterio Betances unleashed a revolt against Spanish rule , declaring for the first time the idea of Puerto Ricans as a distinct people , with right to sovereignty ."}]}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Military strike - bombing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Military_strike', 'summary': "In the military of the United States , strikes and raids are a group of military operations that , alongside quite a number of others , come under the formal umbrella of military operations other than war ( MOOTW ) . Ex-military authors Bonn and Baker describe them as nothing more than the conduct of conventional combat missions on an individual or small-scale basis , and what they mean , specifically , depends on which particular branch of the military is using them . However , they do have formal , general , definitions in the United States Department of Defense 's Joint Publication 1-02 :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Bomb', 'summary': 'A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy . Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanical stress , the impact and penetration of pressure-driven projectiles , pressure damage , and explosion-generated effects . Bombs have been utilized since the 11th century starting in East Asia . The term bomb is not usually applied to explosive devices used for civilian purposes such as construction or mining , although the people using the devices may sometimes refer to them as a bomb . The military use of the term bomb , or more specifically aerial bomb action , typically refers to airdropped , unpowered explosive weapons most commonly used by air forces and naval aviation . Other military explosive weapons not classified as bombs include shells , depth charges ( used in water ) , or land mines . In unconventional warfare , other names can refer to a range of offensive weaponry . For instance , in recent Middle Eastern conflicts , homemade bombs called improvised explosive devices ( IEDs ) have been employed by insurgent fighters to great effectiveness . The word comes from the Latin bombus , which in turn comes from the Greek βόμβος ( bombos ) , an onomatopoetic term meaning booming , buzzing .'}]}, {'value': '2,467', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Attack on Pearl Harbor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor', 'summary': "The attack on Pearl Harbor [ nb 3 ] was a surprise , preemptive military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States ( a neutral country at the time ) against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu , Territory of Hawaii , just before 08:00 , on Sunday morning , December 7 , 1941 . The attack led to the United States ' formal entry into World War II the next day . The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI , and as Operation Z during its planning . Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to keep the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , and the United States . Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines , Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya , Singapore , and Hong Kong . The attack commenced at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time ( 18:18 GMT ) . [ nb 4 ] The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft ( including fighters , level and dive bombers , and torpedo bombers ) in two waves , launched from six aircraft carriers . All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged , with four sunk . All but USS Arizona were later raised , and six were returned to service and went on to fight in the war . The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers , three destroyers , an anti-aircraft training ship , [ nb 5 ] and one minelayer . 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed ; 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded . Important base installations such as the power station , dry dock , shipyard , maintenance , and fuel and torpedo storage facilities , as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building ( also home of the intelligence section ) were not attacked ."}]}, {'value': 'Honolulu , Territory of Hawaii and nearby military installations', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Honolulu', 'summary': 'Honolulu ( /ˌhɒnəˈluːluː/ ; Hawaiian : [ honoˈlulu ] ) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii . It is an unincorporated part of and the county seat of the City and County of Honolulu along the southeast coast of the island of Oʻahu . [ a ] The city is the main gateway to Hawaiʻi and a major portal into the United States . The city is also a major hub for international business and military defense , as well as being host to a diverse variety of east-west and Pacific cultures , cuisine , and traditions . Honolulu is the remotest city of its size in the world , and is the westernmost and southernmost major U.S. city . For statistical purposes , the United States Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as City of Honolulu ( not to be confused with the City and County ) as a census county division ( CCD ) . Honolulu is a major financial center of the islands and of the Pacific Ocean . The population of the Honolulu census designated place ( CDP ) was 359,870 as of the 2017 population estimate , while the Honolulu CCD was 390,738 and the population of the consolidated city and county was 953,207 . Honolulu means sheltered harbor or calm port in Hawaiian . The old name is Kou , a district roughly encompassing the area from Nuʻuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street which is the heart of the present downtown district . The city has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845 and gained historical recognition following the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan near the city on December 7 , 1941 . As of 2015 [ update ] , Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings , and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii', 'summary': "The Territory of Hawaii or Hawaii Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from April 30 , 1900 until August 21 , 1959 , when most of its territory , excluding Palmyra Island and the Stewart Islands , was admitted to the Union as the fiftieth U.S. state , the State of Hawaii . The Hawaii Admission Act specified that the State of Hawaii would not include the distant Palmyra Island , the Midway Islands , Kingman Reef , and Johnston Atoll , which includes Johnston ( or Kalama ) Island and Sand Island , and the Act was silent regarding the Stewart Islands . On July 4 , 1898 , the United States Congress passed the Newlands Resolution authorizing the U.S. annexation of the Republic of Hawaii , and five weeks later , on August 12 , Hawaii became a U.S. territory . In April 1900 Congress approved the Hawaiian Organic Act which organized the territory . Hawaii 's territorial history includes a period from 1941 to 1944 , during World War II , when the islands were placed under martial law . Civilian government was dissolved and a military governor was appointed ."}]}, {'value': '2,403 U.S. victims and 64 Japanese attackers . Deadliest attack on U.S. soil by a foreign government to date', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1889', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Accident - dam burst', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Accident', 'summary': 'An accident is an unplanned event that sometimes has convenient or undesirable consequences , other times being inconsequential . The term implies that such an event may not be preventable since its antecedent circumstances go unrecognized and unaddressed . Most scientists who study unintentional injury avoid using the term accident and focus on factors that increase risk of severe injury and that reduce injury incidence and severity .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dam_failure', 'summary': 'A dam failure or dam burst is a catastrophic type of failure characterized by the sudden , rapid , and uncontrolled release of impounded water or the likelihood of such an uncontrolled release . Between the years 2000 and 2009 more than 200 notable dam failures happened worldwide . A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs , that directs or slows down the flow , often creating a reservoir , lake or impoundments . Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir over or through which water flows , either intermittently or continuously , and some have hydroelectric power generation systems installed . Dams are considered installations containing dangerous forces under International humanitarian law due to the massive impact of a possible destruction on the civilian population and the environment . Dam failures are comparatively rare , but can cause immense damage and loss of life when they occur . In 1975 the failure of the Banqiao Reservoir Dam and other dams in Henan Province , China caused more casualties than any other dam failure in history . The disaster killed an estimated 171,000 people and 11 million people lost their homes .'}]}, {'value': '2,209', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnstown Flood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnstown_Flood', 'summary': "The Johnstown Flood ( locally , the Great Flood of 1889 ) occurred on May 31 , 1889 , after the catastrophic failure of the South Fork Dam , located on the south fork of the Little Conemaugh River , 14 miles ( 23 km ) upstream of the town of Johnstown , Pennsylvania . The dam broke after several days of extremely heavy rainfall , releasing 14.55 million cubic meters of water . With a volumetric flow rate that temporarily equaled the average flow rate of the Mississippi River , the flood killed more than 2,200 people and accounted for $ 17 million of damage ( about $ 484 million in 2019 dollars ) . The American Red Cross , led by Clara Barton and with 50 volunteers , undertook a major disaster relief effort . Support for victims came from all over the United States and 18 foreign countries . After the flood , survivors suffered a series of legal defeats in their attempts to recover damages from the dam 's owners . Public indignation at that failure prompted the development in American law changing a fault-based regime to one of strict liability ."}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Much rain , deforestation ; dam failed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1893', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tropical cyclone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tropical_cyclone', 'summary': "A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds , and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls . Depending on its location and strength , a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names , including hurricane ( /ˈhʌrɪkən , -keɪn/ ) , typhoon ( /taɪˈfuːn/ ) , tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , and simply cyclone . A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ; in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean , comparable storms are referred to simply as tropical cyclones or severe cyclonic storms . Tropical refers to the geographical origin of these systems , which form almost exclusively over tropical seas . Cyclone refers to their winds moving in a circle , whirling round their central clear eye , with their winds blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere . The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect . Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water . They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface , which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation . This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms , such as nor'easters and European windstorms , which are fueled primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts . Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km ( 62 and 1,243 mi ) in diameter . The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth 's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation . As a result , they rarely form within 5° of the equator ."}]}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1893_Cheniere_Caminada_hurricane', 'summary': 'The Chenière Caminada hurricane , also known as the Great October Storm , was a powerful hurricane that devastated the island of Chenière Caminada , Louisiana in early October 1893 . It was one of three deadly hurricanes during the 1893 Atlantic hurricane season ; the storm killed an estimated 2,000 people , mostly from storm surge .'}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'Fatalities estimated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1865', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Accident - shipwreck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Accident', 'summary': 'An accident is an unplanned event that sometimes has convenient or undesirable consequences , other times being inconsequential . The term implies that such an event may not be preventable since its antecedent circumstances go unrecognized and unaddressed . Most scientists who study unintentional injury avoid using the term accident and focus on factors that increase risk of severe injury and that reduce injury incidence and severity .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shipwreck', 'summary': 'A shipwreck is the remains of a ship that has wrecked , which are found either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water . Shipwrecking may be deliberate or accidental . In January 1999 , Angela Croome estimated that there have been about three million shipwrecks worldwide ( an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations ) .'}]}, {'value': '1,700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sultana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sultana_(steamboat)', 'summary': "Sultana was a Mississippi River side-wheel steamboat , which exploded on April 27 , 1865 , in the worst maritime disaster in United States history . Constructed of wood in 1863 by the John Litherbury Boatyard in Cincinnati , she was intended for the lower Mississippi cotton trade . The steamer registered 1,719 tons and normally carried a crew of 85 . For two years , she ran a regular route between St. Louis and New Orleans , and was frequently commissioned to carry troops . Although designed with a capacity of only 376 passengers , she was carrying 2,137 when three of the boat 's four boilers exploded and she burned to the waterline and sank near Memphis , Tennessee . The disaster was overshadowed in the press by events surrounding the end of the American Civil War , including the killing of President Lincoln 's assassin John Wilkes Booth just the day before , and no one was ever held accountable for the tragedy ."}]}, {'value': 'Marion , Arkansas / Helena , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marion,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Marion is a city in and the county seat of Crittenden County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 12,345 at the 2010 census , a 38.7% increase since 2000 . The city is part of the Memphis metropolitan area . It is the second largest city in Crittenden County , behind West Memphis .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Helena,_Arkansas', 'summary': "Helena is the eastern portion of Helena-West Helena , Arkansas , a city in Phillips County , Arkansas . It was founded in 1833 by Nicholas Rightor and is named after the daughter of Sylvanus Phillips , an early settler of Phillips County and the namesake of Phillips County . As of the 2000 census , this portion of the city population was 6,323 . Helena was the county seat of Phillips County until January 1 , 2006 , when it merged its government and city limits with neighboring West Helena . Helena is the birthplace of Arkansas ' former Senior United States Senator Blanche Lincoln . Helena is home to the longest running daily radio program in the U.S. , King Biscuit Time . From 1906 to 1946 , Helena was a terminal point on the former Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad , which provided passenger and freight service to Joplin , Missouri . After , a loss of rail service in early 2015 , a successful effort was launched by the Helena-West Helena/Phillips County Port Authority to have freight service restored . The service was restored on October 1 , 2015 and two new freight customers were quickly gained ."}]}, {'value': 'Steamboat sank due to boiler explosion ; fatalities estimated . Deadliest maritime disaster in U.S. history', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heat wave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heat_wave', 'summary': 'A heat wave , or heatwave , is a period of excessively hot weather , which may be accompanied by high humidity , especially in oceanic climate countries . While definitions vary , a heat wave is usually measured relative to the usual weather in the area and relative to normal temperatures for the season . Temperatures that people from a hotter climate consider normal can be called a heat wave in a cooler area if they are outside the normal climate pattern for that area . The term is applied both to hot weather variations and to extraordinary spells of hot which may occur only once a century . Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures , thousands of deaths from hyperthermia , and widespread power outages due to increased use of air conditioning . A heat wave is considered extreme weather that can be a natural disaster , and a danger because heat and sunlight may overheat the human body . Heat waves can usually be detected using forecasting instruments so that a warning call can be issued .'}]}, {'value': '1,700', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980 United States heat wave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_United_States_heat_wave', 'summary': 'The 1980 United States heat wave was a period of intense heat and drought that wreaked havoc on much of the Midwestern United States and Southern Plains throughout the summer of 1980 . It is among the most devastating natural disasters in terms of deaths and destruction in U.S. history , claiming at least 1,700 lives and because of the massive drought , agricultural damage reached US $ 20.0 billion ( equivalent to $ 62 billion in 2019 dollars ) . It is among the billion-dollar weather disasters listed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration .'}]}, {'value': 'Central and southern states', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Official death toll , may have been higher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1871', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wildfire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wildfire', 'summary': "A wildfire , wildland fire or rural fire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation occurring in rural areas . Depending on the type of vegetation present , a wildfire can also be classified more specifically as a brush fire , bushfire ( in Australia ) , desert fire , forest fire , grass fire , hill fire , peat fire , vegetation fire , or veld fire . Many organizations consider wildfire to mean an unplanned and unwanted fire , while wildland fire is a broader term that includes prescribed fire as well as wildland fire use ( WFU ; these are also called monitored response fires ) . Fossil charcoal indicates that wildfires began soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants 420 million years ago . Wildfire 's occurrence throughout the history of terrestrial life invites conjecture that fire must have had pronounced evolutionary effects on most ecosystems ' flora and fauna . Earth is an intrinsically flammable planet owing to its cover of carbon-rich vegetation , seasonally dry climates , atmospheric oxygen , and widespread lightning and volcanic ignitions . Wildfires can be characterized in terms of the cause of ignition , their physical properties , the combustible material present , and the effect of weather on the fire . Wildfires can cause damage to property and human life , although naturally occurring wildfires may have beneficial effects on native vegetation , animals , and ecosystems that have evolved with fire . High-severity wildfire creates complex early seral forest habitat ( also called snag forest habitat ) , which often has higher species richness and diversity than unburned old forest . Many plant species depend on the effects of fire for growth and reproduction . Wildfires in ecosystems where wildfire is uncommon or where non-native vegetation has encroached may have strongly negative ecological effects . Wildfire behavior and severity result from a combination of factors such as available fuels , physical setting , and weather ."}]}, {'value': '1,500-2,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peshtigo Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peshtigo_Fire', 'summary': 'The Peshtigo fire was a very large forest fire that took place on October 8 , 1871 , in northeastern Wisconsin , including much of the Door Peninsula , and adjacent parts of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan . The largest community in the affected area was Peshtigo , Wisconsin . It burned approximately 1,200,000 acres ( 490,000 ha ) and was the deadliest wildfire in American history , with the estimated deaths of around 1,500 people , and possibly as many as 2,500 . Occurring on the same day as the more famous Great Chicago Fire , the Peshtigo fire has been largely forgotten , even though it killed far more people . On the same day as the Peshtigo and Chicago fires , Holland and Manistee , Michigan ( across Lake Michigan from Peshtigo ) , and Port Huron at the southern end of Lake Huron also had major fires , leading to various theories by contemporaries and later historians that they had a common cause .'}]}, {'value': 'Peshtigo , Wisconsin , Upper Peninsula of Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peshtigo,_Wisconsin', 'summary': 'Peshtigo is a city in Marinette County , Wisconsin , United States . The population was 3,502 at the 2010 census . The city is surrounded by the Town of Peshtigo . It is part of the Marinette , WI-MI Micropolitan Statistical Area . Peshtigo is most famous as the site of the Peshtigo fire of 1871 , in which more than 1,200 people perished .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan', 'summary': "The Upper Peninsula ( UP ) , also known as Upper Michigan , is the northern of the two major peninsulas that make up the U.S. state of Michigan . The peninsula is bounded on the north by Lake Superior , on the east by the St. Marys River , and on the south by Lake Michigan , the Straits of Mackinac , and Lake Huron . Topographically , the base of the Upper Peninsula as a geologic feature lies in northeastern Wisconsin between the base of the Door Peninsula and Superior Bay ; but in political geography , because most of the peninsula is within the boundaries of Michigan , it is measured eastward from the Porcupine Mountains , from the Wisconsin-Michigan boundary along and between the Montreal and Menominee rivers . Michigan 's Upper Peninsula is bounded on land by Wisconsin to the southwest and west ; and in territorial waters by Minnesota to the west , Ontario to the west , north and east , and the Door Peninsula of Wisconsin extends into Lake Michigan east of the western Upper Peninsula . Five Michigan Upper Peninsula counties include nearby major islands : Mackinac Island , Round Island and Bois Blanc Island in Lake Huron are in Mackinac County ; Sugar Island and Neebish Island in the St. Marys River , and Drummond Island in Lake Huron are in Chippewa County ; Grand Island is in Alger County ; Summer Island is Delta County ; and Isle Royale is part of Keweenaw County . The Upper Peninsula contains 29% of the land area of Michigan but just 3% of its total population . Residents are frequently called Yoopers ( derived from UP-ers ) and have a strong regional identity . Large numbers of French Canadian , Finnish , Swedish , Cornish , and Italian immigrants came to the Upper Peninsula , especially the Keweenaw Peninsula , to work in the area 's mines and lumber industry . The peninsula includes the only counties in the United States where a plurality of residents claim Finnish ancestry . The peninsula 's largest cities are Marquette , Sault Ste . Marie , Escanaba , Menominee , Houghton , and Iron Mountain . The heavily forested land , soil types , short growing season and logistical factors ( e.g ."}]}, {'value': 'Fatalities estimated ; most deaths in single fire in U.S. history', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tropical cyclone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tropical_cyclone', 'summary': "A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds , and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls . Depending on its location and strength , a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names , including hurricane ( /ˈhʌrɪkən , -keɪn/ ) , typhoon ( /taɪˈfuːn/ ) , tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , and simply cyclone . A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ; in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean , comparable storms are referred to simply as tropical cyclones or severe cyclonic storms . Tropical refers to the geographical origin of these systems , which form almost exclusively over tropical seas . Cyclone refers to their winds moving in a circle , whirling round their central clear eye , with their winds blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere . The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect . Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water . They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface , which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation . This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms , such as nor'easters and European windstorms , which are fueled primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts . Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km ( 62 and 1,243 mi ) in diameter . The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth 's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation . As a result , they rarely form within 5° of the equator ."}]}, {'value': '1,245-1,836', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hurricane Katrina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina', 'summary': "Hurricane Katrina was the most destructive tropical cyclone on record , tied with Hurricane Harvey in 2017 , causing $ 125 billion in damage , particularly in the city of New Orleans and the surrounding areas , and over 1,200 deaths . The storm was the third major hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season , and the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record to make landfall in the contiguous United States , behind only the 1935 Labor Day hurricane , Hurricane Camille in 1969 , and Hurricane Michael in 2018 . Katrina originated on August 23 , 2005 as a tropical depression from the merger of a tropical wave and the remnants of Tropical Depression Ten . Early the following day , the depression intensified into a tropical storm as it headed generally westward toward Florida , strengthening into a hurricane two hours before making landfall at Hallandale Beach on August 25 . After briefly weakening to tropical storm strength over southern Florida , Katrina emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 26 and began to rapidly intensify . The storm strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico before weakening to Category 3 strength at its second landfall on August 29 over southeast Louisiana and Mississippi . Over fifty breaches in surge protection levees surrounding the city of New Orleans , Louisiana caused of the majority of the death and destruction during Katrina . Eventually , 80% of the city , as well as large tracts of neighboring parishes , were inundated for weeks . The flooding also destroyed most of New Orleans ' transportation and communication facilities , leaving tens of thousands of people who had not evacuated the city prior to landfall stranded with little access to food , shelter or basic necessities . The scale of the disaster in New Orleans provoked massive national and international response efforts ; federal , local and private rescue operations evacuated displaced persons out of the city over the following weeks . Multiple investigations in the aftermath of the storm concluded that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , which had designed and built the region 's levees decades earlier , was responsible for the failure of the flood-control systems , though federal courts later ruled that the Corps could not be held financially liable because of sovereign immunity in the Flood Control Act of 1928 . The emergency response from federal , state and local governments was widely criticized , resulting in the resignations of Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) director Michael D. Brown and New Orleans Police Department ( NOPD ) Superintendent Eddie Compass ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida , Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama , Georgia , Kentucky , and Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mississippi', 'summary': "Mississippi ( /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/ ( listen ) ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States . Mississippi is bordered to the north by Tennessee , to the east by Alabama , to the south by the Gulf of Mexico , to the southwest by Louisiana , and to the northwest by Arkansas . Mississippi 's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River . Jackson is both the state 's capital and largest city . Greater Jackson , with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States . On December 10 , 1817 , Mississippi became the 20th state admitted to the Union . By 1860 , Mississippi was the nation 's top cotton producing state and enslaved persons accounted for 55% of the state population . Mississippi declared its secession from the Union on March 23 , 1861 , and was one of the seven original Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was restored to the Union on February 23 , 1870 . Until the Great Migration of the 1930s , African Americans were a majority of Mississippi 's population . Mississippi was the site of many prominent events during the American Civil Rights movement , including the 1962 Ole Miss riots , the 1963 assassination of Medgar Evers , and the 1964 Freedom Summer murders ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alabama', 'summary': "Alabama ( /ˌæləˈbæmə/ ) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States . It is bordered by Tennessee to the north , Georgia to the east , Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south , and Mississippi to the west . Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states . With a total of 1,500 miles ( 2,400 km ) of inland waterways , Alabama has among the most of any state . Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State , after the state bird . Alabama is also known as the Heart of Dixie and the Cotton State . The state tree is the longleaf pine , and the state flower is the camellia . Alabama 's capital is Montgomery . The largest city by population is Birmingham , which has long been the most industrialized city ; the largest city by land area is Huntsville . The oldest city is Mobile , founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana . The Greater Birmingham metropolitan area is Alabama 's most populous urban area . From the American Civil War until World War II , Alabama , like many states in the southern U.S. , suffered economic hardship , in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kentucky', 'summary': "Kentucky ( UK : /kɛnˈtʌki/ ken-TUK-ee , US : /kən-/ ( listen ) kən- ) , officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky , is a state located in the Southern United States . Although styled as the State of Kentucky in the law creating it , ( because in Kentucky 's first constitution , the term state was used ) , Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth ( the others being Virginia , Pennsylvania , and Massachusetts ) . Originally a part of Virginia , in 1792 Kentucky split from it and became the 15th state to join the Union . Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States . Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State , a nickname based on the bluegrass , a species of grass found in many of its pastures . One of the major regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky , which houses its two largest cities , Louisville and Lexington . It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources , including the world 's longest cave system , Mammoth Cave National Park , one of the greatest lengths of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States , and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River . Kentucky is also known for horse racing , bourbon , moonshine , coal , My Old Kentucky Home historic state park , automobile manufacturing , tobacco , bluegrass music , college basketball , Kentucky Fried Chicken , and the Kentucky colonel ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ohio', 'summary': "Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ ( listen ) is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States . Of the fifty states , it is the 34th largest by area , the seventh most populous , and the tenth most densely populated . The state 's capital and largest city is Columbus . Ohio is bordered by Lake Erie to the north , Pennsylvania to the east , West Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , Indiana to the west , and Michigan to the northwest . The state takes its name from the Ohio River , whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohiːyo ' , meaning good river , great river or large creek . Partitioned from the Northwest Territory , Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 , and the first under the Northwest Ordinance . Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees , and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes . Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier , to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union , to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transitioning to a more information and service based economy in the 21st . The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch , led by the governor ; the legislative branch , which comprises the bicameral Ohio General Assembly ; and the judicial branch , led by the state Supreme Court . Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives . Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections . Seven presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state ."}]}, {'value': 'Tied with Hurricane Harvey as the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey', 'summary': "Hurricane Harvey was a Category 4 hurricane that made landfall on Texas and Louisiana in August 2017 , causing catastrophic flooding and many deaths . It is tied with 2005 's Hurricane Katrina as the costliest tropical cyclone on record , [ nb 1 ] inflicting $ 125 billion ( 2017 USD ) in damage , primarily from catastrophic rainfall-triggered flooding in the Houston metropolitan area and Southeast Texas . It was the first major hurricane [ nb 2 ] to make landfall in the United States since Wilma in 2005 , ending a record 12-year span in which no hurricanes made landfall at the intensity of a major hurricane throughout the country . In a four-day period , many areas received more than 40 inches ( 1,000 mm ) of rain as the system slowly meandered over eastern Texas and adjacent waters , causing unprecedented flooding . With peak accumulations of 60.58 in ( 1,539 mm ) , in Nederland , Texas , Harvey was the wettest tropical cyclone on record in the United States . The resulting floods inundated hundreds of thousands of homes , which displaced more than 30,000 people and prompted more than 17,000 rescues . The eighth named storm , third hurricane , and first major hurricane of the extremely active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season , Harvey developed from a tropical wave to the east of the Lesser Antilles , reaching tropical storm status on August 17 . The storm crossed through the Windward Islands on the following day , making landfall on the southern end of Barbados and a second landfall on Saint Vincent . Upon entering the Caribbean Sea , Harvey began to weaken due to moderate wind shear , and degenerated into a tropical wave north of Colombia , late on August 19 . The remnants were monitored for regeneration as it continued west-northwestward across the Caribbean and the Yucatán Peninsula , before redeveloping over the Bay of Campeche on August 23 . Harvey then began to rapidly intensify on August 24 , regaining tropical storm status and becoming a hurricane later that day . While the storm moved generally northwest , Harvey 's intensification phase stalled slightly overnight from August 24-25 ; however , Harvey soon resumed strengthening and quickly became a major hurricane and attained Category 4 intensity later that day ."}]}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'shipwreck , Military strike - Submarine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shipwreck', 'summary': 'A shipwreck is the remains of a ship that has wrecked , which are found either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water . Shipwrecking may be deliberate or accidental . In January 1999 , Angela Croome estimated that there have been about three million shipwrecks worldwide ( an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Military_strike', 'summary': "In the military of the United States , strikes and raids are a group of military operations that , alongside quite a number of others , come under the formal umbrella of military operations other than war ( MOOTW ) . Ex-military authors Bonn and Baker describe them as nothing more than the conduct of conventional combat missions on an individual or small-scale basis , and what they mean , specifically , depends on which particular branch of the military is using them . However , they do have formal , general , definitions in the United States Department of Defense 's Joint Publication 1-02 :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Submarine', 'summary': 'A submarine ( or sub ) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater . It differs from a submersible , which has more limited underwater capability . It is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots , as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels , such as the midget submarine and the wet sub . Submarines are referred to as boats rather than ships irrespective of their size . Although experimental submarines had been built before , submarine design took off during the 19th century , and they were adopted by several navies . Submarines were first widely used during World War I ( 1914-1918 ) , and are now used in many navies large and small . Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships ( merchant and military ) , or other submarines , aircraft carrier protection , blockade running , ballistic missile submarines as part of a nuclear strike force , reconnaissance , conventional land attack ( for example using a cruise missile ) , and covert insertion of special forces . Civilian uses for submarines include marine science , salvage , exploration and facility inspection and maintenance . Submarines can also be modified to perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair . Submarines are also used in tourism and undersea archaeology . Most large submarines consist of a cylindrical body with hemispherical ( or conical ) ends and a vertical structure , usually located amidships , which houses communications and sensing devices as well as periscopes . In modern submarines , this structure is the sail in American usage and fin in European usage .'}]}, {'value': '1,198', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinking of the RMS Lusitania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania', 'summary': "The sinking of the Cunard ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on Friday , 7 May 1915 during the First World War , as Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom which had implemented a naval blockade of Germany . The ship was identified and torpedoed by the German U-boat U-20 and sank in 18 minutes , and also took on a heavy starboard list . The vessel went down 11 miles ( 18 km ) off the Old Head of Kinsale , :429 Ireland , killing 1,198 and leaving 761 survivors . The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany , contributed to the American entry into World War I and became an iconic symbol in military recruiting campaigns of why the war was being fought . :497-503 Lusitania fell victim to torpedo attack relatively early in the First World War , before tactics for evading submarines were properly implemented or understood . The contemporary investigations in both the United Kingdom and the United States into the precise causes of the ship 's loss were obstructed by the needs of wartime secrecy and a propaganda campaign to ensure all blame fell upon Germany . Argument over whether the ship was a legitimate military target raged back and forth throughout the war as both sides made misleading claims about the ship . At the time she was sunk , she was carrying over 4 million rounds of small-arms ammunition ( .303 caliber ) , almost 5,000 shrapnel shell casings ( for a total of some 50 tons ) , and 3,240 brass percussion fuses , in addition to 1,266 passengers and a crew of 696 . Several attempts have been made over the years since the sinking to dive to the wreck seeking information about precisely how the ship sank , and argument continues to the present day ."}]}, {'value': 'North Atlantic Sea near the Old head of Kinsale Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Sea', 'summary': "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world 's oceans , with an area of about 106,460,000 square kilometers ( 41,100,000 square miles ) . It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth 's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the Old World from the New World . The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated , S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east , and the Americas to the west . As one component of the interconnected World Ocean , it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean , to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest , the Indian Ocean in the southeast , and the Southern Ocean in the south ( other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica ) . The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North ( ern ) Atlantic Ocean and the South ( ern ) Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N . Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition , the German Meteor expedition , Columbia University 's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Old_head_of_Kinsale', 'summary': 'The Old Head of Kinsale ( in Irish , An Seancheann ) is a headland near Kinsale , County Cork , Ireland . An early lighthouse was established here in the 17th century by Robert Reading . The area is the nearest point of land ( 11 miles/18 km ) to where the RMS Lusitania was sunk in 1915 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'The RMS Lusitania was an ocean liner sunk by a German torpedo fired from a submarine during World War One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_liner', 'summary': 'An ocean liner is a passenger ship primarily used as a form of transportation across seas or oceans . Liners may also carry cargo or mail , and may sometimes be used for other purposes ( such as for pleasure cruises or as hospital ships ) . Cargo vessels running to a schedule are sometimes called liners . The category does not include ferries or other vessels engaged in short-sea trading , nor dedicated cruise ships where the voyage itself , and not transportation , is the prime purpose of the trip . Nor does it include tramp steamers , even those equipped to handle limited numbers of passengers . Some shipping companies refer to themselves as lines and their container ships , which often operate over set routes according to established schedules , as liners . Ocean liners are usually strongly built with a high freeboard to withstand rough seas and adverse conditions encountered in the open ocean . Additionally , they are often designed with thicker hull plating than is found on cruise ships , and have large capacities for fuel , food and other consumables on long voyages . The first ocean liners were built in the mid-19th century . Technological innovations such as the steam engine and steel hull allowed larger and faster liners to be built , giving rise to a competition between world powers of the time , especially between the United Kingdom and Germany . Once the dominant form of travel between continents , ocean liners were rendered largely obsolete by the emergence of long-distance aircraft after World War II . Advances in automobile and railway technology also played a role .'}, {'url': '/wiki/World_War_One', 'summary': "World War I ( often abbreviated as WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War or the Great War , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars , it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , making it one of the largest wars in history . It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history , with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war , while resulting genocides and the resulting 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide . On 28 June 1914 , Gavrilo Princip , a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist , assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo , leading to the July Crisis . In response , on 23 July , Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia . Serbia 's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians , and the two moved to a war footing . A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe . By July 1914 , the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions : the Triple Entente - consisting of France , Russia , and Britain - and the Triple Alliance of Germany , Austria-Hungary , and Italy ( the Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature , allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915 , when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated ) . Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia and , after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28 July , approved partial mobilisation . Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July ; on the 31st , Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same , while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours . When Russia failed to comply , Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary , with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6 August ; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August . German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to rapidly concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within six weeks , then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise ; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan ."}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Military strike - bombing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Military_strike', 'summary': "In the military of the United States , strikes and raids are a group of military operations that , alongside quite a number of others , come under the formal umbrella of military operations other than war ( MOOTW ) . Ex-military authors Bonn and Baker describe them as nothing more than the conduct of conventional combat missions on an individual or small-scale basis , and what they mean , specifically , depends on which particular branch of the military is using them . However , they do have formal , general , definitions in the United States Department of Defense 's Joint Publication 1-02 :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Bomb', 'summary': 'A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy . Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanical stress , the impact and penetration of pressure-driven projectiles , pressure damage , and explosion-generated effects . Bombs have been utilized since the 11th century starting in East Asia . The term bomb is not usually applied to explosive devices used for civilian purposes such as construction or mining , although the people using the devices may sometimes refer to them as a bomb . The military use of the term bomb , or more specifically aerial bomb action , typically refers to airdropped , unpowered explosive weapons most commonly used by air forces and naval aviation . Other military explosive weapons not classified as bombs include shells , depth charges ( used in water ) , or land mines . In unconventional warfare , other names can refer to a range of offensive weaponry . For instance , in recent Middle Eastern conflicts , homemade bombs called improvised explosive devices ( IEDs ) have been employed by insurgent fighters to great effectiveness . The word comes from the Latin bombus , which in turn comes from the Greek βόμβος ( bombos ) , an onomatopoetic term meaning booming , buzzing .'}]}, {'value': '1,173', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HMT Rohna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HMT_Rohna', 'summary': "HMT Rohna was a British India Steam Navigation Company passenger and cargo liner that was built on Tyneside in 1926 as SS Rohna and requisitioned as a troop ship in 1940 . ( HMT stands for His Majesty 's Transport . ) Rohna was sunk in the Mediterranean in November 1943 by a Henschel Hs 293 guided glide bomb launched by a Luftwaffe aircraft . More than 1,100 people were killed , most of whom were US troops ."}]}, {'value': 'Mediterranean Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea', 'summary': 'The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land : on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia , on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant . Although the sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean , it is usually referred to as a separate body of water . Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago , the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years ( the Messinian salinity crisis ) before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago . It covers an area of about 2,500,000 km2 ( 970,000 sq mi ) , representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface , but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar - the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa - is only 14 km ( 9 mi ) wide . In oceanography , it is sometimes called the Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea or the European Mediterranean Sea to distinguish it from mediterranean seas elsewhere . The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m ( 4,900 ft ) and the deepest recorded point is 5,267 m ( 17,280 ft ) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea . It lies between latitudes 30° and 46° N and longitudes 6° W and 36° E. Its west-east length , from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Iskenderun , on the southeastern coast of Turkey , is about 4,000 kilometres ( 2,500 mi ) . The sea was an important route for merchants and travellers of ancient times , facilitating trade and cultural exchange between peoples of the region . The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies . The countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order are Spain , France , Monaco , Italy , Slovenia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Albania , Greece , Turkey , Syria , Lebanon , Israel , Egypt , Libya , Tunisia , Algeria , and Morocco ; Malta and Cyprus are island countries in the sea . In addition , the Gaza Strip and the British Overseas Territories of Gibraltar and Akrotiri and Dhekelia have coastlines on the sea .'}]}, {'value': 'Luftwaffe glide bomb hit troopship causing the largest loss of U.S. soldiers ( 1,050 ) at sea due to enemy action in a single incident', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glide_bomb', 'summary': 'A glide bomb or stand-off bomb is a standoff weapon with flight control surfaces to give it a flatter , gliding flight path than that of a conventional bomb without such surfaces . This allows it to be released at a distance from the target rather than right over it , allowing a successful attack without the aircraft needing to survive until reaching the target . World War II-era glide bombs like the German Fritz X and Henschel Hs 293 pioneered the use of remote control systems , allowing the controlling aircraft to direct the bomb to a pinpoint target as a pioneering form of precision-guided munition . Modern systems are generally self-guided or semi-automated , using GPS or laser designators to hit their target . The term glide bombing does not refer to the use of glide bombs , but a style of shallow-angle dive bombing .'}]}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Accident - shipwreck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Accident', 'summary': 'An accident is an unplanned event that sometimes has convenient or undesirable consequences , other times being inconsequential . The term implies that such an event may not be preventable since its antecedent circumstances go unrecognized and unaddressed . Most scientists who study unintentional injury avoid using the term accident and focus on factors that increase risk of severe injury and that reduce injury incidence and severity .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shipwreck', 'summary': 'A shipwreck is the remains of a ship that has wrecked , which are found either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water . Shipwrecking may be deliberate or accidental . In January 1999 , Angela Croome estimated that there have been about three million shipwrecks worldwide ( an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations ) .'}]}, {'value': '1,021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PS General Slocum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PS_General_Slocum', 'summary': "The PS General Slocum [ notes 1 ] was a sidewheel passenger steamboat built in Brooklyn , New York , in 1891 . During her service history , she was involved in a number of mishaps , including multiple groundings and collisions . On June 15 , 1904 , General Slocum caught fire and sank in the East River of New York City . At the time of the accident , she was on a chartered run carrying members of St. Mark 's Evangelical Lutheran Church ( German Americans from Little Germany , Manhattan ) to a church picnic . An estimated 1,021 of the 1,342 people on board died . The General Slocum disaster was the New York area 's worst disaster in terms of loss of life until the September 11 , 2001 attacks . It is the worst maritime disaster in the city 's history , and the second worst maritime disaster on United States waterways . The events surrounding the General Slocum fire have been explored in a number of books , plays , and movies ."}]}, {'value': 'East River near New York City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_River', 'summary': 'The East River is a salt water tidal estuary in New York City . The waterway , which is actually not a river despite its name , connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end . It separates the borough of Queens on Long Island from the Bronx on the North American mainland , and also divides Manhattan from Queens and Brooklyn , which is also on Long Island . Because of its connection to Long Island Sound , it was once also known as the Sound River . The tidal strait changes its direction of flow frequently , and is subject to strong fluctuations in its current , which are accentuated by its narrowness and variety of depths . The waterway is navigable for its entire length of 16 miles ( 26 km ) , and was historically the center of maritime activities in the city , although that is no longer the case .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': "Steamship sank due to fire on board . Deadliest maritime disaster in New York City , and deadliest in city 's history until 2001", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1893', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tropical cyclone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tropical_cyclone', 'summary': "A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds , and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls . Depending on its location and strength , a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names , including hurricane ( /ˈhʌrɪkən , -keɪn/ ) , typhoon ( /taɪˈfuːn/ ) , tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , and simply cyclone . A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ; in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean , comparable storms are referred to simply as tropical cyclones or severe cyclonic storms . Tropical refers to the geographical origin of these systems , which form almost exclusively over tropical seas . Cyclone refers to their winds moving in a circle , whirling round their central clear eye , with their winds blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere . The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect . Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water . They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface , which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation . This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms , such as nor'easters and European windstorms , which are fueled primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts . Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km ( 62 and 1,243 mi ) in diameter . The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth 's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation . As a result , they rarely form within 5° of the equator ."}]}, {'value': '1,000-2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1893 Sea Islands hurricane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1893_Sea_Islands_hurricane', 'summary': 'On August 27 , 1893 , a major hurricane which came to be known as the Sea Islands Hurricane struck the United States near Savannah , Georgia . It was one of three deadly hurricanes during the 1893 Atlantic hurricane season ; the storm killed an estimated 1,000-2,000 people , mostly from storm surge . This is also the storm that made United States Life-Saving Service Keeper Dunbar Davis famous .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia , South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina', 'summary': 'South Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South . It is bordered to the north by North Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the southwest by Georgia across the Savannah River . South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . It also became the first state to vote in favor of secession from the Union on December 20 , 1860 . After the American Civil War , it was readmitted into the United States on June 25 , 1868 . South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state . Its GDP as of 2013 was $ 183.6 billion , with an annual growth rate of 3.13% . South Carolina is composed of 46 counties . The capital is Columbia with a population of 133,451 in 2018 ; while its largest city is Charleston with a 2018 population of 136,208 . The Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin metropolitan area is the largest in the state , with a 2018 population estimate of 906,626 . South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England , who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles .'}]}, {'value': 'Fatalities estimated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1918', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wildfire ( rural )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wildfire', 'summary': "A wildfire , wildland fire or rural fire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation occurring in rural areas . Depending on the type of vegetation present , a wildfire can also be classified more specifically as a brush fire , bushfire ( in Australia ) , desert fire , forest fire , grass fire , hill fire , peat fire , vegetation fire , or veld fire . Many organizations consider wildfire to mean an unplanned and unwanted fire , while wildland fire is a broader term that includes prescribed fire as well as wildland fire use ( WFU ; these are also called monitored response fires ) . Fossil charcoal indicates that wildfires began soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants 420 million years ago . Wildfire 's occurrence throughout the history of terrestrial life invites conjecture that fire must have had pronounced evolutionary effects on most ecosystems ' flora and fauna . Earth is an intrinsically flammable planet owing to its cover of carbon-rich vegetation , seasonally dry climates , atmospheric oxygen , and widespread lightning and volcanic ignitions . Wildfires can be characterized in terms of the cause of ignition , their physical properties , the combustible material present , and the effect of weather on the fire . Wildfires can cause damage to property and human life , although naturally occurring wildfires may have beneficial effects on native vegetation , animals , and ecosystems that have evolved with fire . High-severity wildfire creates complex early seral forest habitat ( also called snag forest habitat ) , which often has higher species richness and diversity than unburned old forest . Many plant species depend on the effects of fire for growth and reproduction . Wildfires in ecosystems where wildfire is uncommon or where non-native vegetation has encroached may have strongly negative ecological effects . Wildfire behavior and severity result from a combination of factors such as available fuels , physical setting , and weather ."}]}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1918 Cloquet fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1918_Cloquet_fire', 'summary': 'The Cloquet fire was an immense forest fire in northern Minnesota , United States in October , 1918 , caused by sparks on the local railroads and dry conditions . The fire left much of western Carlton County devastated , mostly affecting Moose Lake , Cloquet , and Kettle River . Cloquet was hit the hardest by the fires . It was the worst natural disaster in Minnesota history in terms of the number of casualties in a single day . In total , 453 people died and 52,000 people were injured or displaced , 38 communities were destroyed , 250,000 acres ( 100,000 ha ) were burned , and $ 73 million ( $ 1.241 billion in 2020 United States dollars ) in property damage was suffered . Thirteen million dollars in federal aid were disbursed .'}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota', 'summary': "Minnesota ( /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Upper Midwest , Great Lakes , and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has many lakes , and is known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 22nd most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 55% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the Twin Cities ) . This area has the largest concentration of transportation , business , industry , education , and government in the state . Urban centers in Greater Minnesota include Duluth , Mankato , Moorhead , Rochester and St . Cloud . The geography of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed , and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Thousands of years before Europeans arrived , Minnesota was inhabited by various indigenous peoples , some of whom remain in the state today . French explorers , missionaries , and fur traders began exploring the region in the 17th century , encountering the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe tribes . Much of what is now Minnesota was part of the vast French holding of Louisiana , which was purchased by the United States in 1803 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mass murder - suicide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder–suicide', 'summary': 'A murder-suicide is an act in which an individual kills one or more people before ( or while ) killing oneself . The combination of murder and suicide can take various forms :'}]}, {'value': '918', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jonestown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonestown', 'summary': "The Peoples Temple Agricultural Project , better known by its informal name Jonestown , was a remote settlement established by the Peoples Temple , a cult under the leadership of Jim Jones , in northwestern Guyana . It became internationally known when , on November 18 , 1978 , a total of 918 people died in the settlement , at the nearby airstrip in Port Kaituma , and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown , Guyana 's capital city . The name of the settlement became synonymous with the incidents at those locations . In total , 909 individuals died in Jonestown , all but two from apparent cyanide poisoning , in an event termed revolutionary suicide by Jones and some Peoples Temple members on an audio tape of the event , and in prior recorded discussions . The poisonings in Jonestown followed the murder of five others by Temple members at Port Kaituma , including United States Congressman Leo Ryan , an act that Jones ordered . Four other Temple members committed murder-suicide in Georgetown at Jones ' command . Terms used to describe the deaths in Jonestown and Georgetown evolved over time . Many contemporary media accounts after the events called the deaths a mass suicide . In contrast , most sources today refer to the deaths with terms such as mass murder-suicide , a massacre , or simply mass murder . Seventy or more individuals at Jonestown were injected with poison , and a third of the victims ( 304 ) were minors . Guards armed with guns and crossbows had been ordered to shoot those who fled the Jonestown pavilion as Jones lobbied for suicide . Jonestown resulted in the largest single loss of American civilian life in a deliberate act until September 11 , 2001 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jonestown , Guyana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonestown,_Guyana', 'summary': "The Peoples Temple Agricultural Project , better known by its informal name Jonestown , was a remote settlement established by the Peoples Temple , a cult under the leadership of Jim Jones , in northwestern Guyana . It became internationally known when , on November 18 , 1978 , a total of 918 people died in the settlement , at the nearby airstrip in Port Kaituma , and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown , Guyana 's capital city . The name of the settlement became synonymous with the incidents at those locations . In total , 909 individuals died in Jonestown , all but two from apparent cyanide poisoning , in an event termed revolutionary suicide by Jones and some Peoples Temple members on an audio tape of the event , and in prior recorded discussions . The poisonings in Jonestown followed the murder of five others by Temple members at Port Kaituma , including United States Congressman Leo Ryan , an act that Jones ordered . Four other Temple members committed murder-suicide in Georgetown at Jones ' command . Terms used to describe the deaths in Jonestown and Georgetown evolved over time . Many contemporary media accounts after the events called the deaths a mass suicide . In contrast , most sources today refer to the deaths with terms such as mass murder-suicide , a massacre , or simply mass murder . Seventy or more individuals at Jonestown were injected with poison , and a third of the victims ( 304 ) were minors . Guards armed with guns and crossbows had been ordered to shoot those who fled the Jonestown pavilion as Jones lobbied for suicide . Jonestown resulted in the largest single loss of American civilian life in a deliberate act until September 11 , 2001 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jim Jones , cult leader of the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project , convinced most of the group to drink grape Flavor Aid poisoned with cyanide or to inject themselves and their children with cyanide , totaling 909 deaths of U.S. nationals . A family of four other Temple members committed murder/suicide by knife in Georgetown . Five others were shot and killed while trying to escape from Jonestown , including U.S . Congressman Leo Ryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Jones', 'summary': 'James Warren Jones ( May 13 , 1931 - November 18 , 1978 ) was an American civil rights preacher , faith healer and cult leader who conspired with his inner circle to direct a mass suicide and mass murder of his followers in his jungle commune at Jonestown , Guyana . He launched the Peoples Temple in Indiana during the 1950s . Rev . Jones was ordained in 1956 by the Independent Assemblies of God and in 1964 by the Disciples of Christ . [ note 1 ] He moved his congregation to California in 1965 and gained notoriety with its activities in San Francisco in the 1970s . He then left the United States , bringing many members to a Guyana jungle commune . In 1978 , media reports surfaced of human rights abuses in the Peoples Temple in Jonestown . U.S. Representative Leo Ryan led a delegation to the commune to investigate . Ryan and others were murdered by gunfire while boarding a return flight with some former cult members who had wished to leave . Jones then ordered and likely coerced a mass suicide and mass murder of 918 commune members , 304 of them children , almost all by cyanide-poisoned Flavor Aid .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Flavor_Aid', 'summary': 'Flavor Aid is a non-carbonated soft drink beverage made by The Jel Sert Company in West Chicago , Illinois . It was introduced in 1929 . It is sold throughout the United States as an unsweetened , powdered concentrate drink mix , similar to Kool-Aid brand drink mix .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cyanide', 'summary': 'A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the group C≡N . This group , known as the cyano group , consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom . In inorganic cyanides , the cyanide group is present as the anion CN− . Salts such as sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide are highly toxic . Hydrocyanic acid , also known as hydrogen cyanide , or HCN , is a highly volatile liquid that is produced on a large scale industrially . It is obtained by acidification of cyanide salts . Organic cyanides are usually called nitriles . In nitriles , the CN group is linked by a covalent bond to carbon . For example , in acetonitrile , the cyanide group is bonded to methyl ( CH3 ) . Because they do not release cyanide ions , nitriles are generally far less toxic than cyanide salts . Some nitriles , which occur naturally as cyanohydrins , release hydrogen cyanide .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgetown,_Guyana', 'summary': "Georgetown is a city and the capital of Guyana , located in Region 4 , which is also known as the Demerara-Mahaica region . It is the country 's largest urban centre . It is situated on the Atlantic Ocean coast at the mouth of the Demerara River and it was nicknamed the Garden City of the Caribbean . Georgetown serves primarily as a retail and administrative centre . It also serves as a financial services centre . The city recorded a population of 200,500 in the 2016 census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Leo_Ryan', 'summary': "Leo Joseph Ryan Jr. ( May 5 , 1925 - November 18 , 1978 ) was an American teacher and politician . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the U.S. Representative from California 's 11th congressional district from 1973 until his assassination during the Jonestown massacre in 1978 . After the Watts riots of 1965 , Ryan took a job as a substitute school teacher to investigate and document conditions in the area . In 1970 , he launched an investigation into California prisons . While presiding as chairman of the Assembly committee that oversaw prison reform , he used a pseudonym to enter Folsom State Prison as an inmate . During his time in Congress , Ryan traveled to Newfoundland to investigate the practice of seal hunting . He was also famous for vocal criticism of the lack of Congressional oversight of the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , and co-authored the Hughes-Ryan Amendment , passed in 1974 . Ryan was shot and killed at an airstrip in Guyana on November 18 , 1978 , as he and his party were attempting to leave . He had traveled to Guyana to investigate claims that people were being held against their will at the Peoples Temple Jonestown settlement . Shortly after the airstrip shootings , 909 members of the Jonestown settlement died in a mass suicide/murder by drinking cyanide-laced Flavor Aid . He was the second sitting member of the U.S. House of Representatives to be assassinated in office , after James M. Hinds in 1868 . Ryan was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1983 ."}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Military strike - submarine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Military_strike', 'summary': "In the military of the United States , strikes and raids are a group of military operations that , alongside quite a number of others , come under the formal umbrella of military operations other than war ( MOOTW ) . Ex-military authors Bonn and Baker describe them as nothing more than the conduct of conventional combat missions on an individual or small-scale basis , and what they mean , specifically , depends on which particular branch of the military is using them . However , they do have formal , general , definitions in the United States Department of Defense 's Joint Publication 1-02 :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Submarine', 'summary': 'A submarine ( or sub ) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater . It differs from a submersible , which has more limited underwater capability . It is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots , as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels , such as the midget submarine and the wet sub . Submarines are referred to as boats rather than ships irrespective of their size . Although experimental submarines had been built before , submarine design took off during the 19th century , and they were adopted by several navies . Submarines were first widely used during World War I ( 1914-1918 ) , and are now used in many navies large and small . Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships ( merchant and military ) , or other submarines , aircraft carrier protection , blockade running , ballistic missile submarines as part of a nuclear strike force , reconnaissance , conventional land attack ( for example using a cruise missile ) , and covert insertion of special forces . Civilian uses for submarines include marine science , salvage , exploration and facility inspection and maintenance . Submarines can also be modified to perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair . Submarines are also used in tourism and undersea archaeology . Most large submarines consist of a cylindrical body with hemispherical ( or conical ) ends and a vertical structure , usually located amidships , which houses communications and sensing devices as well as periscopes . In modern submarines , this structure is the sail in American usage and fin in European usage .'}]}, {'value': '879', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USS Indianapolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)', 'summary': 'USS Indianapolis ( CL/CA-35 ) was a Portland-class heavy cruiser of the United States Navy , named for the city of Indianapolis , Indiana . Launched in 1931 , the vessel served as the flagship for the commander of Scouting Force 1 for eight years , then as flagship for Admiral Raymond Spruance in 1943 and 1944 while he commanded the Fifth Fleet in battles across the Central Pacific during World War II . In July 1945 , Indianapolis completed a top-secret high-speed trip to deliver parts of Little Boy , the first nuclear weapon ever used in combat , to the United States Army Air Force Base on the island of Tinian , and subsequently departed for the Philippines on training duty . At 0015 on 30 July , the ship was torpedoed by the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine I-58 , and sank in 12 minutes . Of 1,195 crewmen aboard , approximately 300 went down with the ship . The remaining 890 faced exposure , dehydration , saltwater poisoning , and shark attacks while stranded in the open ocean with few lifeboats and almost no food or water . The Navy only learned of the sinking four days later , when survivors were spotted by the crew of a PV-1 Ventura on routine patrol . Only 316 survived . The sinking of Indianapolis resulted in the greatest single loss of life at sea , from a single ship , in the history of the US Navy . [ a ] On 19 August 2017 , a search team financed by Paul Allen located the wreckage of the sunken cruiser in the Philippine Sea lying at a depth of approximately 18,000 ft ( 5,500 m ) . On 20 December 2018 , the crew of the Indianapolis was collectively awarded a Congressional Gold Medal .'}]}, {'value': 'Philippine Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippine_Sea', 'summary': 'The Philippine Sea is a marginal sea east and northeast of the Philippines occupying an estimated surface area of 5 million square kilometres ( 2 million square miles ) . The Philippine Sea Plate forms the floor of the sea , which forms a portion of the western North Pacific Ocean . It is bordered by the Philippine archipelago ( Luzon , Catanduanes , Samar , Leyte and Mindanao ) on the southwest ; Halmahera , Morotai , Palau , Yap , and Ulithi ( of the Carolines ) on the southeast ; the Marianas , including Guam , Saipan , and Tinian , on the east ; the Bonin and Iwo Jima on the northeast ; the Japanese islands of Honshu , Shikoku , and Kyūshū on the north ; the Ryukyu Islands on the northwest ; and Taiwan in the west . The sea has a complex and diverse undersea relief . The floor is formed into a structural basin by a series of geologic faults and fracture zones . Island arcs , which are actually extended ridges protruding above the ocean surface due to plate tectonic activity in the area , enclose the Philippine Sea to the north , east and south . The Philippine archipelago , Ryukyu Islands , and the Marianas are examples . Another prominent feature of the Philippine Sea is the presence of deep sea trenches , among them the Philippine Trench and the Mariana Trench , containing the deepest point on the planet .'}]}, {'value': 'Largest loss of life in the history of the U.S. Navy at sea', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Over 400 deaths', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_disasters_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll_0', 'intro': "This list of United States disasters by death toll includes disasters that occurred either in the United States, at diplomatic missions of the United States, or incidents outside of the United States in which a number of U.S. citizens were killed. It does not include death tolls from the American Civil War. Due to inflation, the monetary damage estimates are not comparable. Unless otherwise noted, the year given is the year in which the currency's valuation was calculated. This list is not comprehensive in general and epidemics are not included."} | null | null | In what year the disaster in the United States caused by the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes took place ? | 2001 |
0bc32a37799f65d1 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships', 'title': '1999 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Gymnast', 'Total'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Svetlana Khorkina ( RUS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Svetlana_Khorkina', 'summary': 'Svetlana Vasilyevna Khorkina ( Russian : Светлана Васильевна Хоркина ; born 19 January 1979 ) is a retired Russian artistic gymnast . She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics , the 2000 Summer Olympics , and the 2004 Summer Olympics . During her career , Khorkina won seven Olympic medals and twenty World Championship medals . Over time , she medaled in every event at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships . She was also the first gymnast to win three all-around titles at the World Championships and only the second female artistic gymnast ever , after Nadia Comăneci , to win three European All-Around titles . Svetlana Khorkina is often regarded as one of the most successful female gymnasts of all time . At the Opening Ceremony of the 2019 Winter Universiade she lit the fire , together with bandy player Sergey Lomanov .'}]}, {'value': '9.837', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huang Mandan ( CHN )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huang_Mandan', 'summary': 'Huang Mandan ( Chinese : 黃曼丹 ; pinyin : Huang Mandan , born 17 February 1983 ) is a former Chinese gymnast .'}]}, {'value': '9.825', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ling Jie ( CHN )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ling_Jie', 'summary': 'Ling Jie ( born October 22 , 1982 ) is a retired Chinese artistic gymnast . She was the 1999 World Champion on the balance beam , the 2000 Chinese all-around national champion , and the silver medalist on the uneven bars at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney . Ling was also a member of the bronze medal winning team at the 2000 Olympics , but the medal was stripped by the IOC in 2010 after one of the Chinese team members , Dong Fangxiao , was found to be underage during the competition . In March 2012 , the 1999 World Championship Team Bronze was forfeited by China and given to Ukraine in light of the same information . She is the innovator of a skill on the uneven bars that bears her name in the Code of Points : the Ling , a full pirouetting front giant starting and ending in the inverted grip .'}]}, {'value': '9.812', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Produnova ( RUS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elena_Produnova', 'summary': "Yelena Sergeyevna Produnova , also known as Elena ( Russian : Елена Серге́евна Продунова ; born February 15 , 1980 ) , is a Russian former competitive gymnast . Her senior international career lasted from 1995 to 2000 and earned her multiple world and Olympic medals . She was known [ who ? ] for her innovative and powerful skills on the vault and floor exercise . The most difficult vault in women 's gymnastics is named after her ."}]}, {'value': '9.750', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viktoria Karpenko ( UKR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viktoria_Karpenko', 'summary': 'Viktoria Karpenko ( Вікторія Карпенко , born on March 15 , 1981 in Kherson , Ukrainian SSR ) is a World Championships silver medalist and 2000 Olympian in artistic gymnastics . She began gymnastics at the age of four and went on to become the Ukrainian National Champion in 1996 .'}]}, {'value': '9.725', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maria Olaru ( ROU )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Olaru', 'summary': 'Maria Olaru ( born 4 June 1982 ) is a Romanian former Olympic artistic gymnast . She is an Olympic , World , and European gold medalist with the team . Individually , she was the 1999 all-around world champion and the 2000 Olympic all-around silver medalist . Her best event was the vault on which she medaled at world and continental competitions . Olaru was one of the tallest gymnasts competing in the late 1990s , standing 160 cm ( 5 ft 3 in ) . After retirement she became an assistant professor at the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education of the West University of Timișoara .'}]}, {'value': '9.712', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elise Ray ( USA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elise_Ray', 'summary': 'Mary Elise Ray ( born February 6 , 1982 ) is an American gymnast who represented the United States at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney and the 1999 World Championships . She is currently the head gymnastics coach at the University of Washington .'}]}, {'value': '9.687', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tatiana Zharganova ( BLR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tatiana_Zharganova', 'summary': 'Tatyana Zharganova ( born 24 July 1980 ) is a Belarusian gymnast . She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '9.612', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Women -- Uneven Bars', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1999_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_9', 'intro': 'The 34th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held at Tianjin Arena in Tianjin, China in 1999.'} | null | null | What years did the international career of the gymnast that placed 4th in uneven bars at the 1999 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships last ? | 1995 to 2000 |
0bc58d054ce0c247 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_Kiwis_representatives', 'title': 'List of New Zealand Kiwis representatives', 'header': ['Country', 'Sport', 'No', 'Players'], 'data': [{'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All_Blacks', 'summary': "The New Zealand national rugby union team , commonly known as the All Blacks , represents New Zealand in men 's international rugby union , which is considered to be the country 's national sport . The team won the Rugby World Cup in 2011 and 2015 , as well as the inaugural tournament in 1987 . New Zealand has a 77 per cent winning record in test match rugby , and is the only international men 's side to have secured more wins than losses against every opponent . Since their international debut in 1903 , they have played test matches against 19 nations , of which 12 have never won a game against the All Blacks . The team has also played against three multinational all-star teams , losing only eight of 45 matches . Since the introduction of the World Rugby Rankings in 2003 , New Zealand has held the number one ranking longer than all other teams combined . They jointly hold the record for the most consecutive test match wins for a tier one ranked nation , along with England . The All Blacks compete with Argentina , Australia and South Africa in The Rugby Championship , and have won the trophy sixteen times in the competition 's 23-year history . The team has completed a Grand Slam tour , against the four nations of the United Kingdom , four times ( 1978 , 2005 , 2008 and 2010 ) . New Zealand has been named the World Rugby Team of the Year ten times since the award was created in 2001 , and an All Black has won the World Rugby Player of the Year award ten times over the same period . Fifteen former All Blacks have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame . The team 's first match was in 1884 in New South Wales , and their first international test match was in 1903 against Australia in Sydney ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Albert Asher , Frano Botica , Alphonsus Carroll , Bert Cooke , Tom Cross , Marc Ellis , Dave Evans , Charles Fitzgerald , Arthur Francis , George A. Gillett , Jimmy Haig , Harold Hayward , John Hogan , Ned Hughes , Karl Ifwersen , William Johnston , Herb Lilburne , Dougie McGregor , Duncan McGregor , Bill Mackrell , Hawea Mataira , Billy Mitchell , George Nepia , Jim O'Brien , Lou Petersen , Matthew Ridge , Kurt Sherlock , George Smith , Dave Solomon , George Spencer , John Spencer , John Timu , Hubert Turtill , Eric Watkins , Sonny Bill Williams , Edgar Wrigley", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Asher', 'summary': 'Arapeta Paurini Wharepapa , or Albert Asher as he was more commonly known , ( 3 December 1879 in Tauranga - 8 January 1965 in Auckland ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s , 1900s , 1910s and 1920s . At representative level Asher played rugby union for New Zealand , North Island and Auckland playing on the Wing and played rugby league at representative level for Australasia , New Zealand , Auckland and the New Zealand Māori rugby league team . One of his brothers , Ernie , was also a rugby league international while another , John , became a Ngati Pukenga and Ngati Pikiao leader . Katherine Te Rongokahira Parata was a sister .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frano_Botica', 'summary': 'Frano Michael Botica ( born 3 August 1963 ) is a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league coach and former player in both codes , who played in the 1980s and 1990s . He is the head coach of the Philippines sevens team . He represented New Zealand at both codes , and later also played for Croatia in two rugby union World Cup qualifying matches .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alphonsus_Carroll', 'summary': 'Alphonsus Fonse John Carroll ( 20 April 1895 in Tauranga - 1 December 1974 in Palmerston North ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s , who represented New Zealand in both codes . He played at both Prop and Hooker .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bert_Cooke_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Albert Bert Edward Cooke ( 5 October 1901 - 29 September 1977 ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby footballer of the 1920s and 1930s , who represented for New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Cross_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Tom Angry William Cross was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marc_Ellis_(rugby)', 'summary': "Marc Christopher Gwynne Ellis ( born 8 October 1971 ) is a New Zealand businessman , television presenter , and former rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s . A graduate of the University of Otago , his primary business interests are in Charlie 's , a juice company . During the 1995 Rugby World Cup he scored six tries in the game against Japan , which is the record for the most tries by an individual in a Rugby World Cup match ."}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Evans_(rugby)', 'summary': 'David Dave Alexander Evans ( 4 October 1886 - 12 October 1940 ) was a New Zealand dual-code international who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Fitzgerald_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Charles James Fitzgerald ( 6 June 1899 , in Fairhall - 8 May 1961 , in Awatere Valley ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in rugby union and rugby league . Fitzgerald was a utility back in both codes .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Francis_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Arthur Reginald Howe Francis ( 8 June 1882 - 15 June 1957 ) , also known by the nickname of Bolla , was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s , 1910s and 1920s , and rugby union coach of the 1930s . He played representative level rugby union ( RU ) for New Zealand , Auckland , and at club level for Ponsonby RFC . He also played representative level rugby league ( RL ) for New Zealand and Australasia , as well as at club level for Wigan , as a forward ( prior to the specialist positions of ; prop , hooker , second-row , loose forward ) , during the era of contested scrums , and coached club level rugby union ( RU ) for Grammar RFC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_A._Gillett', 'summary': 'George Arthur Gillett ( 23 April 1877 - 12 September 1956 ) was a New Zealand multi-code footballer of the early 20th century and a dual-code rugby international . Gillett died in 1956 in Onehunga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Haig', 'summary': 'James Scott Jimmy Haig ( 7 December 1924 - 28 October 1996 ) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby league and rugby union .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harold_Hayward', 'summary': 'Harold Circus Owen Hayward ( 1883-1970 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league . His brother , Morgan , also represented New Zealand in rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Hogan_(rugby)', 'summary': 'John Jack Hogan ( 1 January 1881 - 15 November 1945 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league as well as being a national champion in water polo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ned_Hughes', 'summary': 'Edward Ned Hughes ( 26 April 1881 - 1 May 1928 ) , was a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league footballer who played 9 times ( 6 of these were test matches ) as an All Black hooker from 1907 until 1921 and twice for the Kiwis in 1910 . His All Black career is unique in that there was a gap of 13 years between test matches , and that he is the oldest player ever to have played for the All Blacks , at age 40 years , 123 days .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Karl_Ifwersen', 'summary': 'Karl Donald Ifwersen ( 1893-1967 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby league and rugby union .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Massa_Johnston', 'summary': 'William Massa Johnston ( 13 September 1881 - 9 January 1951 ) was a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league international . He was part of the 1905 Original All Blacks tour and the professional 1907-1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Herb_Lilburne', 'summary': "Herbert Herb/Herbie Theodore Lilburne ( 16 March 1908 - 12 June 1976 ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s , and coached in the 1940s . He played representative level rugby union ( RU ) for New Zealand , South Island , North Island , Canterbury and Wellington , and at club level for Marist Albion RFC , as a Fullback , Centre , or Fly-half , i.e . number 15 , or , 13 or 12 , or 10 , and representative level rugby league ( RL ) , for New Zealand and Wellington as a winger , i.e . number 2 or 5 , and having been reinstated from rugby league in the World War II amnesty , coached club level rugby union ( RU ) for Zingari-Richmond Rugby Club . Following the injuries to the New Zealand ( RU ) captain Cliff Porter , and vice-captain Bill Dalley , Herb Lilburne was appointed captain for the first test of New Zealand 's 1929 tour of Australia , at 21-years and 112-days he is the youngest New Zealand test captain to date , he died in Dunedin"}, {'url': '/wiki/Dougie_McGregor', 'summary': 'Alwin John Dougie McGregor ( 1889-1963 ) was a dual-code rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duncan_McGregor', 'summary': 'Duncan McGregor ( 16 July 1881 - 11 March 1947 ) , was a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league footballer . He was a member of the legendary 1905 Original All Blacks and later converted to rugby league when he went on the 1907 New Zealand league tour of Britain and Australia . He stayed in Britain following the 1907-08 tour , and opened a sport store as well as playing for Merthyr Tydfil RLFC . He returned to New Zealand after five years and continued to be involved in rugby league as an administrator and official .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Mackrell', 'summary': 'William Bill Henry Clifton Mackrell was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league . He was part of the 1905 The Original All Blacks tour and the professional 1907-1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hawea_Mataira', 'summary': 'Hawea Karepa Mataira ( 3 December 1910 - 15 November 1979 ) was a dual-code rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Billy_Mitchell_(rugby)', 'summary': 'William James Mitchell ( 28 November 1890 - 2 June 1959 ) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Nepia', 'summary': "George Nepia ( 25 April 1905 - 27 August 1986 ) was a New Zealand Māori rugby union and rugby league player . He is remembered as an exceptional full-back and one of the most famous Māori rugby players . He was inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame in 1990 . In 2004 he was selected as number 65 by the panel of the New Zealand 's Top 100 History Makers television show . Nepia was featured in a set of postage stamps from the New Zealand post office in 1990 . Historian Philippa Mein Smith described him as New Zealand rugby 's first superstar ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Andrew_O'Brien_(rugby)", 'summary': "Andrew James Jim O'Brien ( 1897-1969 ) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in rugby union and rugby league ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lou_Petersen', 'summary': 'Louis Charles Petersen ( 19 April 1897 - 25 June 1961 ) was a dual-code rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Matthew_Ridge', 'summary': "Matthew John Ridge ( born 27 August 1968 ) is a New Zealand television presenter , and a former rugby union and rugby league footballer . A fullback in both codes , Ridge played rugby union for Auckland and became an All Black , but never won an international cap . He turned professional in 1990 with the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles of the New South Wales Rugby League , and won the 1996 ARL Premiership . He later captained the Auckland Warriors and New Zealand national team ( the Kiwis ) . An accurate goal-kicker , he set several scoring records in rugby league . He is now best known for his work in television alongside his partner Marc Ellis in shows including Game of Two Halves and Marc & Matthew 's Rocky Road to… ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kurt_Sherlock', 'summary': 'Kurt Sherlock is a dual international representing his home country of New Zealand in both rugby codes union and league , though he was never capped for a Test match under the union code . He made his rugby league début for the Kiwis in 1989 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_William_Smith_(sportsman)', 'summary': 'George William Smith ( 20 September 1874 - 7 December 1954 ) was a New Zealand sportsman who excelled at track and field as well as both codes of rugby football .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dave_Solomon_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Dave Solomon ( 31 May 1913 - 15 August 1997 ) was a Fijian-born rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union ( as a five-eighth and fullback ) and rugby league . His brother Frank Solomon was also an All Black .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Spencer_(rugby)', 'summary': 'George Spencer ( 1878-1950 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league . His brother , John , also was a dual-international .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Spencer_(rugby)', 'summary': 'John Clarence Spencer ( 1880-1936 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league . His brother , George , also was a dual-international .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Timu_(rugby)', 'summary': "John Kakuhura Raymond Timu ( born 8 May 1969 ) is a New Zealand former rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s who achieved international selection for New Zealand in both rugby codes , appearing in 26 tests for the All Blacks in union and nine for the Kiwis in league . Timu 's usual position was centre in league and in union he would play at full-back or on the wing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hubert_Turtill', 'summary': 'Jum Hurbert Sydney Turtill was a New Zealand dual-code footballer , playing rugby union and then rugby league for New Zealand . After emigrating to Britain , he served in the British Army during the First World War , and was killed while serving in 1918 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eric_Watkins', 'summary': 'Eric L. Watkins ( born 18 March 1880 in Akaroa and died 14 August 1949 in Lower Hutt ) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sonny_Bill_Williams', 'summary': 'Sonny William Williams ( born 3 August 1985 ) is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for the Toronto Wolfpack in the Betfred Super League , and New Zealand at international level . He is a former professional rugby union footballer and heavyweight boxer . He is only the second person to represent New Zealand in rugby union after first playing for the country in rugby league , and is one of only 20 players to have won multiple Rugby World Cups . Williams began his career in rugby league , and played as a second-row forward over seven seasons in two spells in the National Rugby League ( NRL ) , with the Canterbury Bulldogs and Sydney Roosters . He has won 12 caps for New Zealand ( the Kiwis ) and won the RLIF Awards for Rookie of the Year in 2004 and International Player of the Year in 2013 . He first moved to rugby union in 2010 and had spells playing for Toulon in France , Canterbury , Counties Manukau , the Crusaders , Chiefs and Blues in New Zealand and Panasonic Wild Knights in Japan . He won 58 caps for New Zealand ( the All Blacks ) , and was part of the teams that won the 2011 and 2015 World Cups . He has also played rugby sevens for New Zealand , competing in the 2015-16 World Rugby Sevens Series and the 2016 Olympics . Williams has boxed professionally seven times , winning all of his heavyweight bouts . He was the New Zealand Professional Boxing Association ( NZPBA ) Heavyweight Champion and World Boxing Association ( WBA ) International Heavyweight Champion , but was stripped of these titles after failing to respond to challenges .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Wrigley', 'summary': 'Edgar Wrigley was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}]}, {'value': 'Samoa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samoa_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': 'The Samoa national rugby league team represents Samoa in rugby league football and has been participating in international competition since 1986 . Known as Western Samoa prior to 1997 , the team is administered by Rugby League Samoa and are nicknamed Toa Samoa ( English : Samoan Warriors ) .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Roy Asotasi , Monty Betham , Mark Elia , Henry Fa'afili , David Fa'alogo , Kalifa Faifai Loa , David Faiumu , Joe Galuvao , Harrison Hansen , Ali Lauitiiti , Jeff Lima , Jamaal Lolesi , Francis Meli , Sam Panapa , Eddy Pettybourne , Robert Piva , Willie Poching , Frank Pritchard , Tony Puletua , Ben Roberts , Tea Ropati , Setaimata Sa , Junior Sa ' u , Jerry Seuseu , David Solomona , Se ' e Solomona , Anthony Swann , Willie Talau , Tony Tatupu , Tony Tuimavave , Matt Utai , Joe Vagana , Nigel Vagana , Antonio Winterstein Francis Leota", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Asotasi', 'summary': 'Roy Asotasi ( born 6 January 1982 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played as a prop in the 2000s and 2010s . A New Zealand international captain , he also played for Samoa . Asotasi played in the NRL for Australian clubs Canterbury-Bankstown ( with whom he won the 2004 NRL Premiership ) and the South Sydney Rabbitohs from 2007 to 2013 . He then played in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monty_Betham', 'summary': 'Montgomery Junior Monty Betham ( born 12 March 1978 ) is a professional boxer , and former professional rugby league footballer . A New Zealand international representative hooker and lock , he played club football for the New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League , and for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats ( captain ) ( Heritage № 1234 ) in the Super League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mark_Elia', 'summary': 'Mark Wycliffe Elia ( born 25 December 1962 ) is former professional rugby league footballer who represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Henry_Fa'afili", 'summary': "Henry Fa'afili ( born 30 May 1980 ) is a Samoan-born New Zealand former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . He played representative rugby league ( RL ) for New Zealand Secondary Schools , the New Zealand Junior Kiwis , New Zealand and Samoa , and at club level for Auckland Warriors and the Warrington Wolves ( Heritage No . 1055 ) , as a wing , centre , stand-off , or second-row , he switched codes in 2007 , and played representative rugby union ( RU ) for Samoa , and at club level for Biarritz Olympique , Leeds Carnegie and Connacht Rugby , as a wing , or centre ."}, {'url': "/wiki/David_Fa'alogo", 'summary': "David Fa'alogo ( born 9 September 1980 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer played as a prop , second-row and lock in the 2000s and 2010s . He played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Newcastle Knights in the NRL , the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League and the Ipswich Jets in the Queensland Cup . He represented both New Zealand and Samoa at international level ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kalifa_Faifai_Loa', 'summary': 'Kalifa Faifai Loa ( born 29 January 1990 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for the Townsville Blackhawks in the Queensland Cup . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative , he previously played for the North Queensland Cowboys , Gold Coast Titans and the St. George Illawarra Dragons .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Faiumu', 'summary': 'David Faiumu ( born 30 April 1983 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League . A Samoa and New Zealand international representative forward , he previously played in the National Rugby League for the North Queensland Cowboys .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Galuvao', 'summary': 'Joe Galuvao ( born 8 July 1978 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s in the NRL . A Samoa and New Zealand international second row forward , he played for the Auckland Warriors , Parramatta Eels , South Sydney Rabbitohs , Penrith Panthers ( with whom he won the 2003 NRL Premiership ) and Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles ( with whom he won the 2011 NRL Premiership ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harrison_Hansen', 'summary': "Harrison Luther Mata'afa Hansen ( born 26 October 1985 ) , also known by the nickname of H , [ citation needed ] is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row and loose forward for Toulouse Olympique in the Betfred Championship . He has played for Samoa and New Zealand at international level . He has also played for the Wigan Warriors , Salford Red Devils , Leigh Centurions and the Widnes Vikings in the Super League . During his time with Wigan , he won two Super League Grand Finals and two Challenge Cups ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ali_Lauitiiti', 'summary': 'Alaimatagi Ali Lauitiiti ( born 13 July 1979 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s , as a second-row . Both a Samoa and New Zealand international representative forward , Lauitiiti played for the New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League competition and for English clubs Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League . Whilst at the Leeds Rhinos , he was part of their 2004 , 2007 , 2008 and 2009 championship-winning sides .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Lima', 'summary': "Jeff Lima ( born 4 July 1982 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Canberra Raiders in the NRL . A New Zealand international representative prop , he previously played for the Wests Tigers , Melbourne Storm , South Sydney Rabbitohs , Wigan Warriors and the Catalans Dragons in the Super League , as well as France 's Elite One Championship for the Saint-Gaudens Bears ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jamaal_Lolesi', 'summary': 'Jamahl Lolesi ( born 20 March 1981 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative centre or wing , he had previously played for the Wests Tigers , Bulldogs and the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League , and for the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Francis_Meli', 'summary': 'Francis Meli ( born 27 April 1979 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . A Samoa and New Zealand international representative centre or winger , he played in the National Rugby League for New Zealand club , Auckland Warriors before playing in the Super League for English clubs , St Helens and Salford .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sam_Panapa', 'summary': 'Samuel Lameko Panapa is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s . He represented three countries in his career : Tokelau , New Zealand and Western Samoa . Panapa played his club football in Auckland as well as England , where he won several titles with the champion Wigan side of the 1990s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eddy_Pettybourne', 'summary': 'Edward Pettybourne ( born 13 February 1988 ) is a rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for Villeneuve in the Elite One Championship . He has played at representative level for Samoa and United States , and at club level in Australia in the NRL for the South Sydney Rabbitohs , Wests Tigers and the Gold Coast Titans , and in the Queensland Cup for the Tweed Heads Seagulls , and in Europe in the Super League for the Wigan Warriors ( Heritage № 1054 ) , and in the Betfred Championship for Toulouse Olympique , as a prop , second-row or lock .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Robert_Piva', 'summary': 'Robert Piva is a former professional rugby league footballer who represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Willie_Poching', 'summary': 'Willie Poching is a professional rugby league football coach and former player . He is the coach of Samoa national team , and assistant coach of the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League . A former New Zealand , and Samoa international representative forward , he spent his career playing for clubs in New Zealand , Australia and finally England , winning the Super League championship with Leeds Rhinos in 2004 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frank_Pritchard', 'summary': 'Frank Semu Pritchard , also known by the nicknames of Cranky and Frank the Tank , ( born 3 November 1983 ) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative second-row , he played in the National Rugby League for Sydney clubs the Penrith Panthers , Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the Parramatta Eels . Pritchard also played in the Super League for English club Hull FC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Puletua', 'summary': 'Anthony Tony Puletua ( born 25 June 1979 ) , also known by the nickname of TP , is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League . A New Zealand and Samoan international , Puletua previously played for the Penrith Panthers in the National Rugby League competition , primarily as second-row forward . Puletua joined the Hull Kingston Rovers , on loan in 2015 from the Salford Red Devils . He made 13 appearances , scoring one try for the Hull Kingston Rovers , and retired on 18 September 2015 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ben_Roberts_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'Benjamin Tapuloa Roberts ( born 8 July 1985 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who last played as a fullback , stand-off or scrum-half for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League . He is a former New Zealand and Samoan international .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tea_Ropati', 'summary': "Tea Faa'tea Ropati ( born 7 September 1964 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who represented New Zealand and Western Samoa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Setaimata_Sa', 'summary': 'Setaimata Sa ( born 14 September 1987 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Mackay Cutters in the Intrust Super Cup .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Junior_Sa'u", 'summary': "Tafeaga Junior Sa ' u ( born 18 April 1987 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre for the Leigh Centurions in the Betfred Championship . He has played for New Zealand and Samoa at international level . He previously played for the Newcastle Knights and the Melbourne Storm in the NRL before joining Super League side Salford Red Devils in 2014 . He spent time in 2019 on loan at Wakefield Trinity in the Super League ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Seuseu', 'summary': 'Jerry Seuseu ( born 19 April 1974 ) is aNew Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s , as a prop . He represented New Zealand and Samoa at international level . After retirement he became Wellbeing and Education manager at the New Zealand Warriors , and the manager for the Junior Warriors . He is the current Junior Kiwis Manager as well as the Senior Wellbeing Manager for the New Zealand Warriors Of Samoan descent , Seuseu was born 19 April 1974 in Auckland , New Zealand . A Mangere East Hawks junior , Seuseu represented the Counties Manukau Heroes in the Lion Red Cup in 1995 and 1996 before joining the Auckland Warriors where he was named Reserve Grader of the Year in 1997 in a side that lost the Reserve Grade Grand Final . [ citation needed ] Seuseu then became a stalwart in the Auckland Warriors front row after Joe Vagana left the club to join Bradford Bulls in 2000 . Seuseu played for Samoa at the 2000 World Cup . Seuseu played for the New Zealand Warriors at prop forward in their 2002 NRL Grand Final loss against the Sydney Roosters . He went on to make over 120 appearances for the Warriors , scoring 8 tries . Seuseu joined English club Wigan Warriors at the start of the 2005 Super League season . His younger brother , Anthony Seuseu , also played in Super League VIII with strugglers Halifax . Seuseu retired from rugby league at the end of the 2006 Super League season after two years playing for Wigan Warriors .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Solomona', 'summary': 'David Joseph Solomona ( born 26 January 1978 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer , who last played for the Warrington Wolves in the Super League . He was regularly amongst the top off-loaders in the competition .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Se'e_Solomona", 'summary': "Maseese ( Se ' e ) David Solomona ( born 9 March 1965 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Swann', 'summary': 'Anthony Gilbert Swann ( born 1975 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who represented both New Zealand and Samoa in international rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Willie_Talau', 'summary': 'Viliamu ( Willie ) Talau ( born 25 January 1976 ) is a Samoan-born New Zealand-raised former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s . A Samoa and New Zealand international representative centre , he played in the National Rugby League ( NRL ) for the Bulldogs , and in the Super League for St Helens , with whom he won the 2006 Super League Grand Final and the Challenge Cup on four occasions , and for the Salford City Reds .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Tatupu', 'summary': 'Kuripitone Tony Tatupu is a former professional rugby league footballer . He played as a centre and in the second-row and represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa . Tatupu is the uncle of the rugby league footballer ; Matthew Wright .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Tuimavave', 'summary': 'Antonio ( Tony ) Emil Tuimavave is a Samoan former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s , who was the head coach of the Ponsonby Ponies from 2010 , primarily as a prop also as a lock . He was nicknamed The Chief because he is a chief back in his native Samoa .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Matt_Utai', 'summary': 'Matthew Utai ( born 25 May 1981 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who last played as a winger for the Auburn Warriors in the Ron Massey Cup . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative , he previously played for the Wests Tigers and the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs , with whom he won the 2004 NRL premiership .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Vagana', 'summary': 'Joseph Sonny Vagana ( born 21 January 1975 ) , also known by the nickname of Big Joe , is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a Prop forward in the 1990s and 2000s . During his career Vagana played for the Auckland Warriors , and the Bradford Bulls , and also represented both Samoa and New Zealand in international competition .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nigel_Vagana', 'summary': "Nigel Faletoese Vagana ( born 7 February 1975 ) , also known by the nicknames of Pablo , and Chiko , is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s , as a wing , centre and five-eighth . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative , he retired as the Kiwis ' all-time top try-scorer with 19 . Vagana played club football in New Zealand for the Warriors , in England for Warrington , and in Australia for the Bulldogs , Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks and the South Sydney Rabbitohs . Vagana represented the New Zealand national team 32 times between 1998 and 2006 , including playing in the 2000 World Cup . He is also the cousin of Bradford Bulls prop-forward Joe Vagana , and former Silver Ferns netball player Linda Vagana ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Antonio_Winterstein', 'summary': "Antonio Winterstein ( born 30 May 1988 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played for the North Queensland Cowboys and Brisbane Broncos in the NRL . A Samoan international captain , he was a member of the Cowboys ' 2015 NRL premiership and 2016 World Club Challenge winning sides ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Francis_Leota', 'summary': 'Francis Poipoi Leota is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand between 1989 and 1990 , including in games that counted towards the 1992 World Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Tonga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tonga_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': "The Tonga national rugby league team represents Tonga in rugby league football . They are currently the Fourth ranked team in the world . The team was formed to compete in the 1986 Pacific Cup , and have competed at five Rugby League World Cups , starting in 1995 and continuing consecutively until the most recent tournament in 2017 , where they achieved their best ever result as semi-finalists . Administered by the Tonga National Rugby League , the team wears a predominately red uniform with white sides . They are associated with the phrase Mate Ma ' a Tonga ( English : Die for Tonga ) . They are coached by Australian Kristian Woolf , and co-captained by Sio Siua Taukeiaho and Jason Taumalolo ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awen Guttenbeil , Epalahame Lauaki , Tevita Leo-Latu , Andrew Lomu , Duane Mann , George Mann , Sika Manu , Fuifui Moimoi , Taniela Tuiaki Francis Leota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Awen_Guttenbeil', 'summary': "Awen Guttenbeil ( born 14 March 1976 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s . Since retiring after a playing career spanning fifteen years , he went on to work as a broadcaster for Sky Network Television and as a presenter on Maori TV sports show , Hyundai Code . In 2010 he coached his schoolboy club Point Chevalier Pirates in the Auckland Rugby League 's Phelan Shield alongside former team mate and childhood friend Stacey Jones . He represented both the Tongan and New Zealand national sides in his long career and played in two World Cups . His position of preference was in the Second-Row . He was an integral part of the 2002 New Zealand Warriors squad , noted for being the first team in the club 's history to make the NRL Grand Final . He now owns and operates several construction businesses in New Zealand including Passive Fire NZ ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Epalahame_Lauaki', 'summary': 'Epalahame Lauaki ( born 27 January 1984 ) is a Tongan former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Bradford Bulls in the Championship .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tevita_Leo-Latu', 'summary': 'Tevita Leo-Latu ( born 3 July 1981 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the Point Chevalier Pirates . He previously played for the New Zealand Warriors and the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the NRL and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Lomu', 'summary': 'Andrew Lomu ( born 28 February 1979 ) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer . He previously played as a prop for the Sydney Roosters , Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks , Canberra Raiders and for the Brisbane Broncos in the NRL .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duane_Mann', 'summary': 'Duane Darrin Mann ( born 28 June 1965 ) is a New Zealand former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s , and coached in the 2000s . A Tonga and New Zealand international representative hooker , he captained both sides . Mann played his club football for New Zealand sides Glenora , North Harbour , Auckland Warriors and Counties Manukau , as well as for English club , Warrington .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Mann_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'George William Mann ( born 31 July 1965 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s , who represented both New Zealand and Tonga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sika_Manu', 'summary': 'Viliami Sikalamu Sika Manu ( born 22 January 1987 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward for Tonga and New Zealand at international level , being a member of the World Cup winning Kiwi team who beat Australia in the 2008 World Cup Final . At club level played for the Melbourne Storm , with whom he won the 2012 NRL Grand Final , and also the Penrith Panthers in the NRL and Hull F.C . in the Super League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fuifui_Moimoi', 'summary': 'Fuifui Moimoi ( born 26 September 1979 ) is a rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for Workington Town in the RFL League 1 . He most notably played for the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League ( NRL ) from 2004-14 , in addition to playing for Leigh Centurions in the RFL Championship from 2015-16 and for Toronto Wolfpack in League 1 in 2017 . A New Zealand and Tonga international representative forward , Moimoi made over 200 NRL appearances for Parramatta where he attained cult status . In 2018 , he briefly played rugby union for Bradford & Bingley RFC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Taniela_Tuiaki', 'summary': 'Taniela Tuiaki ( born 2 May 1982 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played on the wing for the Wests Tigers in the NRL .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Francis_Leota', 'summary': 'Francis Poipoi Leota is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand between 1989 and 1990 , including in games that counted towards the 1992 World Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Australasia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': "The Australian national rugby league team ( or the Kangaroos ) have represented Australia in senior men 's rugby league football competition since the establishment of the 'Northern Union game ' in Australia in 1908 . Administered by the Australian Rugby League , the Kangaroos are ranked second in the RLIF World Rankings . The team is the most successful in Rugby League World Cup history , having contested all 15 and winning 11 of them , failing to reach the final only once ; the inaugural tournament in 1954 . Only five nations have beaten Australia in test matches , and Australia have an overall win percentage of 67% . Dating back to 1908 , Australia are the fourth oldest national side after England , New Zealand and Wales . The team was first assembled in 1908 for a tour of Great Britain . The majority of the Kangaroos ' games since then have been played against Great Britain and New Zealand . In the first half of the 20th century , Australia 's international competition came from alternating tours to Great Britain and New Zealand , with Australia playing host to these teams in non-tour years . Great Britain dominated in the early years , and Australia did not win a Test against the Lions until 11 November 1911 under captain Chris McKivat . Australia did not win a series at home against Great Britain until 1920 or abroad until 1958 . Since 1908 , the team has been nicknamed the Kangaroos . Initially only used when touring Great Britain , and later France , this has been the official nickname of the team since 7 July 1994 ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albert Asher , Ernie Asher , Arthur Francis , George A. Gillett , Bert Laing , Charles Savory , Frank Woodward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Asher', 'summary': 'Arapeta Paurini Wharepapa , or Albert Asher as he was more commonly known , ( 3 December 1879 in Tauranga - 8 January 1965 in Auckland ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s , 1900s , 1910s and 1920s . At representative level Asher played rugby union for New Zealand , North Island and Auckland playing on the Wing and played rugby league at representative level for Australasia , New Zealand , Auckland and the New Zealand Māori rugby league team . One of his brothers , Ernie , was also a rugby league international while another , John , became a Ngati Pukenga and Ngati Pikiao leader . Katherine Te Rongokahira Parata was a sister .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ernie_Asher', 'summary': 'Ernest Ernie Asher ( 21 April 1886 - 10 April 1973 ) , also known as Te Keepa Pouwhiuwhiu , was a New Zealand rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played representative rugby league ( RL ) for New Zealand Māori and New Zealand . His brothers included John Atirau Asher and fellow international Albert Asher .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Francis_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Arthur Reginald Howe Francis ( 8 June 1882 - 15 June 1957 ) , also known by the nickname of Bolla , was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s , 1910s and 1920s , and rugby union coach of the 1930s . He played representative level rugby union ( RU ) for New Zealand , Auckland , and at club level for Ponsonby RFC . He also played representative level rugby league ( RL ) for New Zealand and Australasia , as well as at club level for Wigan , as a forward ( prior to the specialist positions of ; prop , hooker , second-row , loose forward ) , during the era of contested scrums , and coached club level rugby union ( RU ) for Grammar RFC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_A._Gillett', 'summary': 'George Arthur Gillett ( 23 April 1877 - 12 September 1956 ) was a New Zealand multi-code footballer of the early 20th century and a dual-code rugby international . Gillett died in 1956 in Onehunga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bert_Laing', 'summary': 'Henry Bircher Bert Laing is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand and Australasia . His brother , Albert , was also a New Zealand international .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Savory', 'summary': 'Charles Savory ( 23 March 1889 - 8 May 1915 ) was a New Zealand international rugby league footballer and champion boxer who died in the First World War . An Australasian and New Zealand international representative forward , Savory was one of four Kiwis players selected to go on the 1911-12 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain . Due to playing the same sports , he has been described as the Sonny Bill Williams of his time .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frank_Woodward_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'Francis Frank William Woodward was a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s . He played at representative level for New Zealand ( Heritage № 46 ) , Australasia ( Heritage № 86 ) , Auckland and Rotorua , and at club level for Balmain , as a centre , or stand-off , i.e . number 3 or 4 , or , 6 .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': "The Australian national rugby league team ( or the Kangaroos ) have represented Australia in senior men 's rugby league football competition since the establishment of the 'Northern Union game ' in Australia in 1908 . Administered by the Australian Rugby League , the Kangaroos are ranked second in the RLIF World Rankings . The team is the most successful in Rugby League World Cup history , having contested all 15 and winning 11 of them , failing to reach the final only once ; the inaugural tournament in 1954 . Only five nations have beaten Australia in test matches , and Australia have an overall win percentage of 67% . Dating back to 1908 , Australia are the fourth oldest national side after England , New Zealand and Wales . The team was first assembled in 1908 for a tour of Great Britain . The majority of the Kangaroos ' games since then have been played against Great Britain and New Zealand . In the first half of the 20th century , Australia 's international competition came from alternating tours to Great Britain and New Zealand , with Australia playing host to these teams in non-tour years . Great Britain dominated in the early years , and Australia did not win a Test against the Lions until 11 November 1911 under captain Chris McKivat . Australia did not win a series at home against Great Britain until 1920 or abroad until 1958 . Since 1908 , the team has been nicknamed the Kangaroos . Initially only used when touring Great Britain , and later France , this has been the official nickname of the team since 7 July 1994 ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tonie Carroll , Bill Kelly , Dally Messenger , Con Sullivan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tonie_Carroll', 'summary': 'Tonie Carroll ( born 17 February 1976 ) is a New Zealand-born Australian-raised former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s . An Australian and New Zealand international and Queensland State of Origin representative , he played for the Brisbane Broncos of the NRL and Leeds Rhinos in the Super League . Carroll retired from playing at the end of 2008 to work in real estate , before making a brief mid-season comeback to bolster a depleted Broncos side in 2009 . Carroll was a utility player , appearing at centre , five-eighth , second-row , or lock .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Kelly_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'William ( Bill ) Martin Kelly ( 1892-1975 ) , born in Westport , New Zealand was a rugby league football identity who enjoyed success in New Zealand and Australia as both a player and coach in the first half of the 20th century . He played for Wellington , the Balmain Tigers , New South Wales and for both the New Zealand and Australian national sides . He also had a long coaching career with five different clubs in the NSWRFL in the 1920s , 1930s and 1940s , and with New Zealand in 1932 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dally_Messenger', 'summary': "Herbert Henry Messenger , nicknamed Dally and sometimes The Master ( 12 April 1883 - 24 November 1959 ) was one of Australasia 's first professional rugby footballers , recognised as one of the greatest-ever players in either code . He played for New South Wales in the very first match run by the newly created 'New South Wales Rugby Football League ' which had just split away from the established New South Wales Rugby Football Union . Messenger had a stocky build , and while standing only about 172 centimetres ( 5 ft 8 in ) in height , he was a powerful runner of the ball and a solid defender . According to his peers , the centre 's greatest attributes were his unpredictability and astonishing physical co-ordination , coupled with a freakish ability to kick goals from almost any part of the ground . He was a teetotaller and non-smoker during his career and other than breakfast , Messenger would rarely eat before a match ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Con_Sullivan', 'summary': 'Con Sullivan ( 1886-1964 ) was a New Zealand international rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s for various Australasian representative sides .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The England national rugby union team represents England in men 's international rugby union . They compete in the annual Six Nations Championship with France , Ireland , Italy , Scotland and Wales . England have won the championship on a total of 28 occasions ( as well as sharing 10 victories ) - winning the Grand Slam 13 times and the Triple Crown 25 times - making them the most successful outright winners in the tournament 's history . As of 18 November 2019 [ update ] , England are ranked third in the world by the International Rugby Board . They are currently the only team from the Northern Hemisphere to win the Rugby World Cup , having won the tournament in 2003 , and have been runners-up on three other occasions . The history of the team extends back to 1871 when the English rugby team played their first official test match , losing 1-0 to Scotland . England dominated the early Home Nations Championship ( now the Six Nations ) which started in 1883 . Following the schism of rugby football in 1895 into union and league , England did not win the Championship again until 1910 . They first played against New Zealand in 1905 , South Africa in 1906 , and Australia in 1909 . England was one of the teams invited to take part in the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987 and progressed to the final in the second tournament in 1991 , losing 12-6 to Australia . Following their Grand Slam in 2003 , England went on to win the 2003 Rugby World Cup , defeating Australia 20-17 in extra time . They contested the final again in 2007 in defence of their title , losing 15-6 to South Africa , and reached the final for the fourth time in 2019 , once again losing to South Africa , 32-12 ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fred Jackson , Henry Paul , Lesley Vainikolo , Shontayne Hape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick_Stanley_Jackson', 'summary': 'Frederick Stanley Jackson ( 1875 - 15 April 1957 ) was a rugby footballer of the early 1900s who represented the Anglo/Welsh British Lions and the New Zealand national rugby league team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Henry_Paul', 'summary': "Henry Paul ( born 10 February 1974 ) , also known by the nickname of HP , is a former dual-code international rugby league and rugby union footballer . Paul represented New Zealand in rugby league and England in rugby union and rugby sevens . He once held the world record for the most consecutive kicks on the field , a record now held by Neil Jenkins . Paul 's played as a loose forward and stand-off . He played as a centre in rugby union , and has previously played as a fly-half . He is the brother of New Zealand former international Robbie Hunter-Paul and married long term partner of 12 years Philippa English in July 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lesley_Vainikolo', 'summary': "Lesley Paea ' I'muli Vainikolo ( born 4 May 1979 ) is a rugby union and former professional rugby league footballer . A dual code international , he has played for the New Zealand Kiwis in rugby league and England in rugby union . He began his career playing rugby league in Australia for the Canberra Raiders of the National Rugby League and later in England for the Bradford Bulls of Super League . He then moved to English rugby union club Gloucester . In both codes , he has usually played as a wing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shontayne_Hape', 'summary': 'Shontayne Edward Hape ( [ ˈhɑrːpeɪ ] ; born 30 January 1981 ) is a former professional rugby footballer , a dual-code rugby international . He played rugby union at centre for Montpellier , London Irish , Bath and England . He played rugby league for the Bradford Bulls in the Super League and the New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League . Hape represented New Zealand at international level rugby league by being selected for both the junior and senior squads , including the 2006 Tri-Nations New Zealand squad . His usual position is centre . He was forced to retire in 2013 after suffering several serious concussions , which left him with decreased brain function .'}]}, {'value': 'Cook Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cook_Islands_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': 'The Cook Islands national rugby league team has been participating in international rugby league football competition since 1986 . The team is controlled by the governing body for rugby league in Cook Islands , Cook Islands Rugby League Association ( CIRLA ) , which is currently a member of the Asia-Pacific Rugby League Confederation ( APRLC ) . They are currently ranked 23rd in the RLIF World Rankings .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alex Glenn , Kevin Iro , Zeb Taia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Glenn', 'summary': 'Alex Glenn ( born 31 July 1988 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row and centre for the Brisbane Broncos in the NRL . He has played for both the Cook Islands and New Zealand at international level . He is currently the Brisbane Broncos captain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Iro', 'summary': "Kevin Leslie Iro ( born 24 May 1968 ) , also known by the nickname of 'The Beast , is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s , 1990s and 2000s , and coached in the 2000s . He played at representative level for New Zealand , Cook Islands , Auckland and Rest of the World , and at club level for Mount Albert , Manly-Warringah , Hunter Mariners and the Auckland Warriors , and in England for Wigan , Leeds and St. Helens , as a wing , centre or stand-off , playing in Challenge Cup finals for all three English teams , and coached at representative level for Cook Islands ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zeb_Taia', 'summary': 'Zeb Taia ( born 11 October 1984 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays second-row forward for St Helens in the Betfred Super League . He has played for both New Zealand and the Cook Islands at international level . He played for the Parramatta Eels , Newcastle Knights and the Gold Coast Titans in the NRL , and the Catalans Dragons in the Super League . Taia has also played for the Exiles , and earlier in his career he played as a loose forward , prop and centre .'}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The New Zealand national cricket team represents New Zealand in men 's international cricket . Nicknamed the Black Caps , they played their first Test in 1930 against England in Christchurch , becoming the fifth country to play Test cricket . From 1930 New Zealand had to wait until 1956 , more than 26 years , for its first Test victory , against the West Indies at Eden Park in Auckland . They played their first ODI in the 1972-73 season against Pakistan in Christchurch . The current captain in all formats of the game is Kane Williamson , who replaced Brendon McCullum after the latter 's retirement in December 2015 . The national team is organised by New Zealand Cricket . The New Zealand cricket team became known as the Black Caps in January 1998 , after its sponsor at the time , Clear Communications , held a competition to choose a name for the team . This is one of many national team nicknames related to the All Blacks . As of 8 September 2019 , New Zealand have played 1324 international matches , winning 505 , losing 599 , tying 12 and drawing 165 matches while 43 matches ended as no result . The team is ranked 2nd in Tests , 3rd in ODIs and 6th in T20Is by the ICC . New Zealand defeated South Africa in the semi final of the 2015 World Cup , which was their first win in the a world cup semi final and hence they made their maiden appearance in a World Cup Final , but they ultimately lost to Trans-Tasman rivals Australia . In the next World Cup in 2019 , New Zealand again reached the final which they lost to the hosts England on boundary count after the match and the subsequent Super Over both ended as ties ."}]}, {'value': 'cricket', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charles Finlayson , Verdun Scott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Finlayson_(New_Zealand_athlete)', 'summary': 'Charles Gordon Finlayson ( 9 August 1889 - 9 July 1943 ) was a New Zealand sportsman who represented New Zealand at both rugby league and cricket .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Verdun_Scott', 'summary': 'Verdun John Scott ( 31 July 1916 - 2 August 1980 ) was a sportsman who represented New Zealand in both Test cricket and rugby league . As of 2017 he is the only player to have done so .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': 'The France national rugby league team represent France in international rugby league tournaments . They are referred to as les Chanticleers or less commonly as les Tricolores . The team is run under the auspices of the Fédération Française de Rugby à XIII and is largely made up of players from Super League and the Elite One Championship . The French rugby league team first played in 1934 on a tour of England . They have taken part in all World Cups , twelve in total , with the first being held in 1954 in France . They have never won the title but finished runners-up in both 1954 and 1968 . These are often considered the glory years of French rugby league as from the 1950s to the 1970s the team were strong and regularly beat Australia , New Zealand and Great Britain . Since those days , les Chanticleers have not done as well , not managing to win a single match in the 1995 World Cup , but doing slightly better in the 2000 World Cup with wins over Tonga and South Africa before losing to eventual finalists , New Zealand . In 2006 , the Perpignan based team Catalans Dragons entered Super League , and have since produced a number of top-class French players . Despite improved professionalism , France finished 10th in the 2008 World Cup in Australia . The team reached the quarter-finals of the 2013 World Cup where they were knocked out by England . Currently the team is ranked fifth in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Bourneville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Bourneville', 'summary': 'Mark Trevor Horse Bourneville ( born 30 June 1963 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer . He represented both New Zealand and France in international rugby league and is the only dual-international the two countries share .'}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/New_Zealand_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The New Zealand men 's national water polo team is the representative for New Zealand in international men 's water polo . The team placed 5th at the 2014 Commonwealth Water Polo Championships in Aberdeen , Scotland ."}]}, {'value': 'water polo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brent Todd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brent_Todd', 'summary': 'Brent Trevor Todd ( born 5 December 1964 ) is a New Zealand former professional sportsman who has represented New Zealand at both rugby league football and water polo . His rugby league position was prop forward .'}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': "New Zealand has competed in all of the Commonwealth Games since the first in 1930 , and has won a total of 656 medals including 159 gold . The New Zealand Olympic Committee ( known as The New Zealand Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association prior to 1994 ) is the body in New Zealand responsible for selecting Athletes to represent New Zealand at the Commonwealth Games . The NZOC is a member of the Commonwealth Games Federation . In 1978 Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games in protest at New Zealand 's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa"}]}, {'value': 'long jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bevin Hough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bevin_Hough', 'summary': 'William Bevin Keith Hough ( 21 April 1929 - 25 November 2019 ) was a New Zealand sportsman who represented New Zealand in rugby league and the long jump .'}]}, {'value': 'Tonga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tonga_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Tonga national rugby union team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi ( Sea Eagles ) . Like their Polynesian neighbours , the Tongans start their matches with a war dance - the Sipi Tau . They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance ( PIRA ) along with Fiji and Samoa . The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19-14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup , but having lost to New Zealand and Canada , were unable to achieve what would have been their first ever presence at the quarter-finals .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emosi Koloto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emosi_Koloto', 'summary': "Emosi 'Moose ' Koloto is a New Zealand former rugby league and rugby union footballer . He represented the New Zealand national rugby league team 5 times during 1991 . Koloto played his rugby league as a second-row ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Australia national rugby union team , nicknamed the Wallabies , is the representative national team in the sport of rugby union for the nation of Australia . The team first played at Sydney in 1899 , winning their first test match against the touring British Isles team . Australia have competed in all eight Rugby World Cups , winning the final on two occasions and also finishing as runner-up twice . Australia beat England at Twickenham in the final of the 1991 Rugby World Cup and won again in 1999 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff when their opponents in the final were France . The Wallabies also compete annually in The Rugby Championship ( formerly the Tri-Nations ) , along with southern hemisphere counterparts Argentina , New Zealand and South Africa . They have won this championship on four occasions . Australia also plays Test matches against the various rugby-playing nations . More than a dozen former Wallabies players have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dally Messenger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dally_Messenger', 'summary': "Herbert Henry Messenger , nicknamed Dally and sometimes The Master ( 12 April 1883 - 24 November 1959 ) was one of Australasia 's first professional rugby footballers , recognised as one of the greatest-ever players in either code . He played for New South Wales in the very first match run by the newly created 'New South Wales Rugby Football League ' which had just split away from the established New South Wales Rugby Football Union . Messenger had a stocky build , and while standing only about 172 centimetres ( 5 ft 8 in ) in height , he was a powerful runner of the ball and a solid defender . According to his peers , the centre 's greatest attributes were his unpredictability and astonishing physical co-ordination , coupled with a freakish ability to kick goals from almost any part of the ground . He was a teetotaller and non-smoker during his career and other than breakfast , Messenger would rarely eat before a match ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Dual internationals', 'section_text': 'Several of the original New Zealand team had already represented New Zealand in rugby union . This trend has continued with many players representing New Zealand in two sports or representing two different countries in rugby league due to the eligibility rules in place at the time . For example , Dally Messenger represented Australia in both rugby union and rugby league as well as playing with the 1907 touring side . Of the 36 players that have played for both the Kiwis and the All Blacks , only Karl Ifwersen and Sonny Bill Williams have been a Kiwi before they became an All Black . As well as the dual internationals below , Charles Savory won the New Zealand National Amateur Heavyweight Boxing championship in 1914 , Sonny Bill Williams won the New Zealand Professional Boxing Association Heavyweight Championship in 2012 and Kiwis captain Puti Tipene ( Steve ) Watene became a Member of Parliament after his retirement from rugby league . [ 9 ] Four Kiwis have gone on to be test referees ; Albert House , Maurice Wetherill , Vic Belsham and Henry Perenara . [ 10 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_New_Zealand_Kiwis_representatives_1', 'intro': 'There have been over 750 rugby league footballers who have played for the New Zealand national rugby league team since the national side started competing internationally in 1907. Players are listed according to the date of their first international test match. The below list is the official roll of honour and only lists players who have played a test match for the Kiwis or have gone away on a tour with the squad. The list does not include players who only played non-tests in New Zealand or who were unused substitutions in test matches.'} | null | null | The New Zeeland water polo player also played what ? | rugby |
0bc711ceb33a9399 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_major_crimes_in_the_United_Kingdom', 'title': 'List of major crimes in the United Kingdom', 'header': ['Date', 'Name', 'No . of Deaths', 'Location', 'Details'], 'data': [{'value': '1860', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastbourne manslaughter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastbourne_manslaughter', 'summary': "R v Hopley ( more commonly known as the Eastbourne manslaughter ) was an 1860 legal case in Eastbourne , England , concerning the death of 15-year-old Reginald Cancellor ( some sources give his name as Chancellor and his age as 13 or 14 ) at the hands of his teacher , Thomas Hopley . Hopley used corporal punishment with the stated intention of overcoming what he perceived as stubbornness on Cancellor 's part , but instead beat the boy to death . An inquest into Cancellor 's death began when his brother requested an autopsy . As a result of the inquest Hopley was arrested and charged with manslaughter . He was found guilty at trial and sentenced to four years in prison , although he insisted that his actions were justifiable and that he was not guilty of any crime . The trial was sensationalised by the Victorian press and incited debate over the use of corporal punishment in schools . After Hopley 's release and subsequent divorce trial , he largely disappeared from the public record . The case became an important legal precedent in the United Kingdom for discussions of corporal punishment in schools and reasonable limits on discipline ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastbourne , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastbourne', 'summary': "Eastbourne ( /ˈiːstbɔːrn/ ( listen ) ) is a town , seaside resort and borough in the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex on the south coast of England , 19 miles ( 31 km ) east of Brighton . Eastbourne is immediately to the east of Beachy Head , the highest chalk sea cliff in Great Britain and part of the larger Eastbourne Downland Estate . With a seafront consisting largely of Victorian hotels , a pier and a Napoleonic era fort and military museum , Eastbourne was developed at the direction of the Duke of Devonshire from 1859 from four separate hamlets . It has a growing population , a broad economic base and is home to companies in a wide range of industries . Though Eastbourne is a relatively new town , there is evidence of human occupation in the area from the Stone Age . The town grew as a fashionable tourist resort largely thanks to prominent landowner , William Cavendish , later to become the Duke of Devonshire . Cavendish appointed architect Henry Currey to design a street plan for the town , but not before sending him to Europe to draw inspiration . The resulting mix of architecture is typically Victorian and remains a key feature of Eastbourne . As a seaside resort Eastbourne derives a large and increasing income from tourism , with revenue from traditional seaside attractions augmented by conferences , public events and cultural sightseeing . The other main industries in Eastbourne include trade and retail , healthcare , education , construction , manufacturing , professional scientific and the technical sector . Eastbourne 's population is growing ; between 2001 and 2011 it increased from 89,800 to 99,412 . The 2011 census shows that the average age of residents has decreased as the town has attracted students , families and those commuting to London and Brighton ."}]}, {'value': "15-year-old Reginald Cancellor died at the hands of his teacher , Thomas Hopley . Hopley used corporal punishment with the stated intention of overcoming what he perceived as stubbornness on Cancellor 's part , but instead beat the boy to death . The case became an important legal precedent regarding the use of corporal punishment in schools", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corporal_punishment', 'summary': 'Corporal punishment or physical punishment is a punishment intended to cause physical pain to a person . It is most often practised on minors , especially in home and school settings . Common methods include spanking or paddling . It has also historically been used on adults , particularly on prisoners and enslaved people . Other common methods include flagellation . Punishment for crime by inflicting pain or injury , including flogging , branding and even mutilation , was practised in most civilizations since ancient times . However , with the growth of humanitarian ideals since the Enlightenment , such punishments were increasingly viewed as inhumane . By the late 20th century , corporal punishment had been eliminated from the legal systems of most developed countries . The legality in the 21st century of corporal punishment in various settings differs by jurisdiction . Internationally , the late 20th century and early 21st century saw the application of human rights law to the question of corporal punishment in a number of contexts :'}]}, {'value': '1867', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The murder of Fanny Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fanny_Adams', 'summary': "Fanny Adams ( 30 April 1859 - 24 August 1867 ) was an English girl who was murdered by solicitor 's clerk Frederick Baker in Alton , Hampshire , on 24 August 1867 . The murder itself was extraordinarily brutal and caused a national outcry in the United Kingdom . Fanny was abducted by Baker and taken into a hop garden near her home . She was then brutally murdered and her body cut into several pieces , with some parts never being found . Further investigations suggested that two small knives were used for the murder , but it was later ruled they would have been insufficient to carry out the crime and that another weapon must have been used . Used to express total downtime or inaction , the military , manual-trade and locker room talk phrase sweet Fanny Adams has been in use since at least the mid 20th century , vying with a stronger expletive . [ n 1 ] Unusually , the phrase is not a bowdlerisation ; Fanny Adams arrived in 1860s naval slang to deplore unliked meat stews . It broadened to mean anything badly substandard then further so as to merge with the expletive sharing its initial letters to mean nothing at all . The phrase also appears today as sweet F.A ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alton , Hampshire , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alton,_Hampshire', 'summary': 'Alton ( /ˈɔːltən/ ) is a market town and civil parish in Hampshire , England , near the source of the River Wey . At the 2011 census , it had a population of 17,816 . Alton was recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 as Aoltone . During the Saxon period Alton was known as Aweltun . The Battle of Alton occurred in the town during the English Civil War . It also has connections with Sweet Fanny Adams and Jane Austen .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hampshire', 'summary': "Hampshire ( /ˈhæmpʃər/ , /-ʃɪər/ ( listen ) ; postal abbreviation Hants . ) [ note 1 ] is a county in southern England . The county town is the city of Winchester . Its two largest cities , Southampton and Portsmouth , are administered separately as unitary authorities ; the rest of the county is governed by Hampshire County Council . First settled about 14,000 years ago , Hampshire 's history dates to Roman Britain , when its chief town was Winchester . When the Romans left Britain , the area was infiltrated by tribes from Scandinavia and mainland Europe , principally in the river valleys . The county was recorded in the 11th century Domesday Book , divided into 44 hundreds . From the 12th century , the ports grew in importance , fuelled by trade with the continent , wool and cloth manufacture in the county , and the fishing industry , and a shipbuilding industry was established . By the 16th century , the population of Southampton had outstripped that of Winchester . By the mid-19th century , with the county 's population at 219,210 ( double that at the beginning of the century ) in more than 86,000 dwellings , agriculture was the principal industry and 10 per cent of the county was still forest . Hampshire played a crucial military role in both World Wars . The Isle of Wight , historically part of Hampshire , became a separate ceremonial county in 1974 ."}]}, {'value': "Fanny Adams was a young English girl murdered by solicitor 's clerk Frederick Baker in Alton , Hampshire", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Solicitor's_clerk", 'summary': "An articled clerk is someone who is studying to be an accountant or a lawyer . In doing so , they are put under the supervision of someone already in the profession , now usually for two years these days , but previously three to five years was common . This can be compared as being an intern for a company . Trainees are obligated to sign a contract agreeing to the terms of being an articled clerk . The articled clerk signs a contract , known as articles of clerkship , committing to a fixed period of employment . Wharton 's Law Lexicon defines an articled clerk as a pupil of a solicitor , who undertakes , by articles of clerkship , continuing covenants , mutually binding , to instruct him in the principles and practice of the profession . The contract is with a specific partner in the firm and not with the firm as a whole . Now , some professions in some countries prefer to use the term students or trainees ( e.g . a trainee solicitor ) and the articles of clerkship training contracts . Apprentice architects can also be articled . Henry Percy Adams articled to Britwen Binyon ( 1846-1909 ) , architect ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alton,_Hampshire', 'summary': 'Alton ( /ˈɔːltən/ ) is a market town and civil parish in Hampshire , England , near the source of the River Wey . At the 2011 census , it had a population of 17,816 . Alton was recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 as Aoltone . During the Saxon period Alton was known as Aweltun . The Battle of Alton occurred in the town during the English Civil War . It also has connections with Sweet Fanny Adams and Jane Austen .'}]}, {'value': '1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Murder of Muriel Drinkwater', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Muriel_Drinkwater', 'summary': 'The murder of Muriel Drinkwater ( Welsh : Llofruddiaeth Muriel Drinkwater ) is an unsolved 1946 child murder case from Wales . Drinkwater , a 12-year-old schoolgirl , was raped and shot in the woods in Penllergaer , Swansea . The case , which became known as the Little Red Riding Hood murder , is one of the oldest active cold cases in the United Kingdom . In 2008 , a DNA profile of the suspect was extracted from her clothes , possibly the oldest sample in the world to be successfully extracted in a murder investigation . In 2019 , the DNA was used to rule out notorious Welsh murderer Harold Jones as a suspect .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swansea , Wales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swansea', 'summary': 'Swansea ( /ˈswɒnzi/ ; Welsh : Abertawe [ abɛrˈtawɛ ] ) is a coastal city and county , officially known as the City and County of Swansea ( Welsh : Dinas a Sir Abertawe ) in Wales . Swansea lies within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan and the ancient Welsh commote of Gŵyr on the southwest coast . The county area includes Swansea Bay ( Welsh : Bae Abertawe ) and the Gower Peninsula . Swansea is the second largest city in Wales and the twenty-fifth largest city in the United Kingdom . According to its local council , the City and County of Swansea had a population of 241,300 in 2014 , the second most populous local authority area in Wales after Cardiff . Together with Neath and Port Talbot , Swansea formed a wider Urban Area of 300,352 in 2011 . During the 19th-century industrial heyday , Swansea was the key centre of the copper-smelting industry , earning the nickname Copperopolis .'}]}, {'value': 'Muriel Drinkwater , 12 , was raped and murdered in the woods in Penllergaer , Swansea . The case became known as the Little Red Riding Hood murder . In 2008 , a DNA profile of the suspect was extracted from her clothes , possibly the oldest one in the world to be successfully extracted in a murder investigation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penllergaer', 'summary': "Penllergaer ( Welsh : Penlle ' r-gaer ) is a village and community in the City and County of Swansea , Wales , within the electoral ward of the same name . It is situated about 4.5 miles north west of Swansea city centre , near junction 47 of the M4 motorway ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Swansea', 'summary': 'Swansea ( /ˈswɒnzi/ ; Welsh : Abertawe [ abɛrˈtawɛ ] ) is a coastal city and county , officially known as the City and County of Swansea ( Welsh : Dinas a Sir Abertawe ) in Wales . Swansea lies within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan and the ancient Welsh commote of Gŵyr on the southwest coast . The county area includes Swansea Bay ( Welsh : Bae Abertawe ) and the Gower Peninsula . Swansea is the second largest city in Wales and the twenty-fifth largest city in the United Kingdom . According to its local council , the City and County of Swansea had a population of 241,300 in 2014 , the second most populous local authority area in Wales after Cardiff . Together with Neath and Port Talbot , Swansea formed a wider Urban Area of 300,352 in 2011 . During the 19th-century industrial heyday , Swansea was the key centre of the copper-smelting industry , earning the nickname Copperopolis .'}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teddington towpath murders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teddington_towpath_murders', 'summary': "The towpath murders was a case in which two teenage girls were murdered on the towpath near Teddington Lock on the River Thames , England , on 31 May 1953 . Alfred Charles Whiteway ( born 1931 ) was found guilty and hanged for the murders , which attracted a deal of press attention , the case being described at the time as one of Scotland Yard 's most notable triumphs in a century . At the trial , defence counsel Peter Rawlinson had subjected lead detective Herbert Hannam to what was at the time considered a very sharp cross-examination on Whiteway 's contention that the main evidence against him had been manufactured by police ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Notting Hill , London , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notting_Hill', 'summary': 'Notting Hill is an affluent district of West London , England , in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea . Notting Hill is known for being a cosmopolitan and multicultural neighbourhood , hosting the annual Notting Hill Carnival and Portobello Road Market . From around 1870 , Notting Hill had an association with artists . For much of the 20th century , the large houses were subdivided into multi-occupancy rentals . Caribbean immigrants were drawn to the area in the 1950s , partly because of the cheap rents , but were exploited by slum landlords like Peter Rachman and also became the target of white Teddy Boys in the 1958 Notting Hill race riots . Then known for its slum housing , in the early 21st century , after decades of gentrification , Notting Hill has a reputation as an affluent and fashionable area , known for attractive terraces of large Victorian townhouses and high-end shopping and restaurants ( particularly around Westbourne Grove and Clarendon Cross ) . A Daily Telegraph article in 2004 used the phrase the Notting Hill Set to refer to a group of emerging Conservative politicians , such as David Cameron and George Osborne , who would become respectively Prime Minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer and were once based in Notting Hill .'}]}, {'value': "Two girls went missing in Teddington and were found the next day , having been raped and murdered . After the country 's biggest manhunt at the time , Alfred Charles Whiteway was arrested and charged . He was found guilty at his subsequent trial and hanged . The case was described at the time as one of Scotland Yard 's most notable triumphs in a century", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teddington', 'summary': "Teddington is an area of South West London , England . Historically in Middlesex , it has been part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames since 1965 . Teddington is on a long meander of the Thames between Hampton Wick and Strawberry Hill , Twickenham . Mostly residential , it stretches from the river to Bushy Park with a long high street of generally upmarket shops , restaurants and pubs . There is a suspension bridge over the lowest non-tidal lock on the Thames , Teddington Lock . At Teddington 's centre is a mid-rise urban development , containing offices and apartments . Teddington and surrounding areas have some of the highest house prices in the UK outside of Central London ."}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Murder of Roy Tutill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Roy_Tutill', 'summary': 'The murder of Roy Tutill occurred in 1968 in Surrey , England . The victim was a 14-year-old schoolboy who was raped and murdered on his way home from school . The crime went unsolved for 33 years , until Brian Lunn Field confessed to the crime after DNA evidence surfaced in 2001 . It is the oldest cold case to be solved in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Surrey , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Surrey', 'summary': 'Surrey ( /ˈsʌri/ SURR-ee ) is a county in South East England which borders Kent to the east , East Sussex to the southeast , West Sussex to the south , Hampshire to the west , Berkshire to the northwest , and Greater London to the northeast . With about 1.2 million people , Surrey is the twelfth most populous English county , the third most populous home county , after Kent and Essex , and the third most populous in the Southeast , after Hampshire and Kent . Surrey is a wealthy county . It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county , some of the highest property values outside Inner London , and also the highest cost of living outside the capital . It has the highest proportion of woodland of counties in England . It has four horse racing courses , and golf courses including the international competition venue at Wentworth . Guildford is popularly regarded as the county town , although Surrey County Council is based extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames . Surrey is divided into eleven districts .'}]}, {'value': 'Roy Tutill , 14 , was raped and murdered on his way home from school . The case went unsolved for 33 years , until Brian Field was convicted of the crime after DNA evidence surfaced . In 2001 , Field was sentenced to life in prison', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Mary Bell case', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_Bell', 'summary': 'Mary Flora Bell ( born 26 May 1957 ) is an English woman who , as a child aged 10-11 in 1968 , strangled to death two male toddlers in Scotswood , a district in the West End of Newcastle upon Tyne . She was convicted in December 1968 of the manslaughter of Martin Brown ( aged 4 ) and Brian Howe ( aged 3 ) . Since her release from prison in 1980 , she has lived under a series of pseudonyms . Her identity has been protected by a court order , which has also been extended to protect the identity of her daughter . In 1998 , Bell collaborated with Gitta Sereny on an account of her life , in which she details the abuse she suffered as a child at the hands of her prostitute mother and her clients .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newcastle upon Tyne , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne', 'summary': "Newcastle upon Tyne ( /ˌnjuːkɑːsəl -/ , locally /njuːˌkæsəl -/ ( listen ) ) , commonly known as Newcastle , is a city in Tyne and Wear , North East England , 103 miles ( 166 km ) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles ( 446 km ) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne , 8.5 mi ( 13.7 km ) from the North Sea . Newcastle is the most populous city in the North East , and forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation , the eighth most populous urban area in the United Kingdom . Newcastle is a member of the UK Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities . Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400 , when it became a county of itself , a status it retained until becoming part of Tyne and Wear in 1974 . The regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is Geordie . Newcastle also houses Newcastle University , a member of the Russell Group , as well as Northumbria University . The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose , William the Conqueror 's eldest son . The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade in the 14th century , and later became a major coal mining area . The port developed in the 16th century and , along with the shipyards lower down the River Tyne , was amongst the world 's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres . Newcastle 's economy includes corporate headquarters , learning , digital technology , retail , tourism and cultural centres , from which the city contributes £13 billion towards the United Kingdom 's GVA . Among its icons are Newcastle United football club and the Tyne Bridge . Since 1981 the city has hosted the Great North Run , a half marathon which attracts over 57,000 runners each year ."}]}, {'value': 'Mary Flora Bell was convicted in December 1968 of the manslaughter of two boys , Martin Brown ( aged 4 ) and Brian Howe ( aged 3 ) earlier that year . Bell was ten years old at the time of one of the killings , and eleven at the time of the other . She was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to a special approved school , being released from custody in 1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Life_imprisonment', 'summary': 'Life imprisonment ( also known as imprisonment for life , life in prison , whole-life order , a life sentence , a life term , lifelong incarceration , life incarceration or simply life ) is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted persons are to remain in prison either for the rest of their natural life or until paroled or otherwise commuted to a fixed term . Crimes for which , in some countries , a person could receive this sentence include murder , attempted murder , conspiracy to commit murder , blasphemy , apostasy , terrorism , severe child abuse , rape , child rape , espionage , treason , high treason , drug dealing , drug trafficking , drug possession , human trafficking , severe cases of fraud , severe cases of financial crimes , aggravated criminal damage in English law , and aggravated cases of arson , kidnapping , burglary , or robbery which result in death or grievous bodily harm , piracy , aircraft hijacking , and in certain cases genocide , ethnic cleansing , crimes against humanity , certain war crimes or any three felonies in case of three strikes law . Life imprisonment ( as a maximum term ) can also be imposed , in certain countries , for traffic offenses causing death . The life sentence does not exist in all countries : Portugal was the first to abolish life imprisonment , in 1884 . Where life imprisonment is a possible sentence , there may also exist formal mechanisms for requesting parole after a certain period of prison time . This means that a convict could be entitled to spend the rest of the sentence ( until that individual dies ) outside prison . Early release is usually conditional on past and future conduct , possibly with certain restrictions or obligations . In contrast , when a fixed term of imprisonment has ended , the convict is free . The length of time served and the conditions surrounding parole vary . Being eligible for parole does not necessarily ensure that parole will be granted . In some countries , including Sweden , parole does not exist but a life sentence may - after a successful application - be commuted to a fixed-term sentence , after which the culprit is released as if the sentence served was that originally imposed . In many countries around the world , particularly in the Commonwealth , courts have the authority to pass prison terms which may amount to de facto life imprisonment .'}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The David McGreavy case', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_McGreavy', 'summary': "David McGreavy ( born 1951 ) is an English convicted murderer who in a drunken rage killed a baby and two toddlers in the United Kingdom in 1973 . He was in the news in 2013 when an anonymity order imposed in 2009 was lifted based on findings that there was a public interest in his application for parole and that there was no immediate danger to his life . He was held in a vulnerable prisoners ' unit , where he spent most of his 40 years in prison until he was cleared for release on parole in December 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Worcester , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worcester', 'summary': "Worcester ( /ˈwʊstər/ ( listen ) WUUS-tər ) is a cathedral city in Worcestershire , England , 30 miles ( 48 km ) south-west of Birmingham , 101 miles ( 163 km ) west-north-west of London , 27 miles ( 43 km ) north of Gloucester and 23 miles ( 37 km ) north-east of Hereford . The population is about 100,000 . The River Severn flanks the western side of the city centre , which is overlooked by Worcester Cathedral . The Battle of Worcester in 1651 was the final battle of the English Civil War , where Oliver Cromwell 's New Model Army defeated King Charles II 's Royalists . Worcester is known as the home of Royal Worcester Porcelain , composer Edward Elgar , Lea & Perrins , makers of traditional Worcestershire sauce , University of Worcester , and Berrow 's Worcester Journal , claimed to be the world 's oldest newspaper ."}]}, {'value': "David McGreavy was a lodger in the home of his friends , Clive and Elsie Ralph . While minding the Ralphs ' three small children , Paul ( age 4 ) , Dawn ( age 2 ) and Samantha ( age 8 months ) , McGreavy murdered the children . He then mutilated their bodies with a pickaxe and impaled them outside on the spikes of a wrought-iron fence . McGreavy , called the Monster of Worcester in the press , later pleaded guilty to all three murders and was sentenced to multiple life terms with a minimum term of 20 years", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Life_imprisonment', 'summary': 'Life imprisonment ( also known as imprisonment for life , life in prison , whole-life order , a life sentence , a life term , lifelong incarceration , life incarceration or simply life ) is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted persons are to remain in prison either for the rest of their natural life or until paroled or otherwise commuted to a fixed term . Crimes for which , in some countries , a person could receive this sentence include murder , attempted murder , conspiracy to commit murder , blasphemy , apostasy , terrorism , severe child abuse , rape , child rape , espionage , treason , high treason , drug dealing , drug trafficking , drug possession , human trafficking , severe cases of fraud , severe cases of financial crimes , aggravated criminal damage in English law , and aggravated cases of arson , kidnapping , burglary , or robbery which result in death or grievous bodily harm , piracy , aircraft hijacking , and in certain cases genocide , ethnic cleansing , crimes against humanity , certain war crimes or any three felonies in case of three strikes law . Life imprisonment ( as a maximum term ) can also be imposed , in certain countries , for traffic offenses causing death . The life sentence does not exist in all countries : Portugal was the first to abolish life imprisonment , in 1884 . Where life imprisonment is a possible sentence , there may also exist formal mechanisms for requesting parole after a certain period of prison time . This means that a convict could be entitled to spend the rest of the sentence ( until that individual dies ) outside prison . Early release is usually conditional on past and future conduct , possibly with certain restrictions or obligations . In contrast , when a fixed term of imprisonment has ended , the convict is free . The length of time served and the conditions surrounding parole vary . Being eligible for parole does not necessarily ensure that parole will be granted . In some countries , including Sweden , parole does not exist but a life sentence may - after a successful application - be commuted to a fixed-term sentence , after which the culprit is released as if the sentence served was that originally imposed . In many countries around the world , particularly in the Commonwealth , courts have the authority to pass prison terms which may amount to de facto life imprisonment .'}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Carl Bridgewater Case', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carl_Bridgewater', 'summary': "The Bridgewater Four is the collective name given to the four men who were tried and found guilty of killing 13-year-old paperboy Carl Bridgewater , who was shot in the head at close range near Stourbridge , England , in 1978 . In February 1997 , after almost two decades of imprisonment , their convictions were overturned on technical grounds and the three surviving defendants were released ; the fourth defendant had died in prison two years into his sentence . Bridgewater 's murder remains officially unsolved . The investigations were carried out by the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wordsley , West Midlands , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wordsley', 'summary': 'Wordsley is a village of Stourbridge in the West Midlands , England . It is part of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley and falls into the Stourbridge ( DY8 ) postcode and address area , being just north of the River Stour . Wordsley is part of the Dudley South Parliamentary constituency and backs onto open countryside with an extensive array of luxury property .'}, {'url': '/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)', 'summary': 'The West Midlands County is a metropolitan county and combined authority area in western-central England with a 2018 estimated population of 2,916,458 , making it the second most populous county in England after Greater London . It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972 , formed from parts of Staffordshire , Worcestershire and Warwickshire . The county itself is a NUTS 2 region within the wider NUTS 1 region of the same name . The county consists of seven metropolitan boroughs : the City of Birmingham , the City of Coventry and the City of Wolverhampton , as well as the boroughs of Dudley , Sandwell , Solihull and Walsall . The metropolitan county exists in law and as a geographic frame of reference , and as a ceremonial county it has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff . Between 1974 and 1986 , the West Midlands County Council was the administrative body covering the county ; this was abolished on 31 March 1986 , and the constituent metropolitan boroughs effectively became unitary authorities . A new administrative body for the county ( and some of the district surrounding it as Non-Constituent members ) , the West Midlands Combined Authority , was created in June 2016 . Since May 2017 , the authority has been headed by a directly elected Mayor of the West Midlands , a position currently held by Andy Street of the Conservative Party . Other county-wide bodies include the West Midlands Police , the West Midlands Fire Service and Transport for West Midlands . The county is sometimes described as the West Midlands metropolitan area or the West Midlands conurbation or Greater Birmingham , although these have different , and less clearly defined , boundaries . The main conurbation , or urban area , does not include Coventry for example . The name West Midlands is also used for the much larger West Midlands region , which sometimes causes confusion , not surprising perhaps when geographically it is on the eastern side of the region , the western side comprising Shropshire and Herefordshire the southern side comprising Worcestershire and most of Warwickshire .'}]}, {'value': 'The body of 13-year-old paperboy Carl Bridgewater was found in the house of a local elderly couple who had been out for the day . It was presumed by police that Bridgewater had disturbed a burglar while delivering a newspaper to their home and was dragged into their living room where he was killed with a shotgun blast to the head . The following year , a group of men - widely referred to in the press as the Bridgewater Four - were convicted of the crime , three for murder and a fourth for manslaughter . The defendant convicted of manslaughter subsequently died in prison but the three convicted of murder were released in 1997 when their convictions were quashed on appeal . Nobody else has ever been charged', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bridgewater_Four', 'summary': "The Bridgewater Four is the collective name given to the four men who were tried and found guilty of killing 13-year-old paperboy Carl Bridgewater , who was shot in the head at close range near Stourbridge , England , in 1978 . In February 1997 , after almost two decades of imprisonment , their convictions were overturned on technical grounds and the three surviving defendants were released ; the fourth defendant had died in prison two years into his sentence . Bridgewater 's murder remains officially unsolved . The investigations were carried out by the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Karen Price ( Little Miss Nobody )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Karen_Price', 'summary': "Karen Price ( known posthumously as Little Miss Nobody ) was a 15-year-old Welsh murder victim who disappeared in 1981 . After the discovery of her body in 1989 , British facial reconstruction artist Richard Neave used her skull to create a model of her physical appearance . The reconstruction and the matching of DNA in the body to that of Price 's parents allowed her body to be identified . The case was cited as one of the first instances in which DNA technology was used in this way ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cardiff , Wales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cardiff', 'summary': "Cardiff ( Welsh : Caerdydd [ kairˈdiːð , kaːɨrˈdɨːð ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city . The eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom , it is Wales ' chief commercial centre , the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media , and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales . At the 2011 census , the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090 , and the wider urban area 479,000 . Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017 . In 2011 , Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic 's alternative tourist destinations . Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan , and in 1974 , South Glamorgan . Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities . A small town until the early 19th century , its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city . In 1905 , Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955 . At the 2011 Census the population was 346,090 . The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth . Since the 1980s , Cardiff has seen significant development ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wales', 'summary': "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ."}]}, {'value': "Karen Price was a 15-year-old Welsh murder victim who disappeared in 1981 . After the discovery of her body in 1989 , British facial reconstruction artist Richard Neave used her skull to create a model of her physical appearance . The reconstruction and the matching of DNA in the body to that of Price 's parents allowed her body to be identified . The case was cited as one of the first instances in which DNA technology was used in this way . The police later concluded that Price had run away from home and turned to prostitution . In 1991 , Idris Ali and Alan Charlton , who were alleged to have managed her solicitation as a prostitute , were charged with her murder . Ali 's charge was eventually reduced to manslaughter , and he was released in 1994 . Charlton is still serving a life sentence", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Neave', 'summary': "Richard Neave ( born c 1936 ) is a British expert in forensic facial reconstruction . Neave became an expert in anatomical art and was on the staff of the Unit of Art in Medicine at the University of Manchester . He has used his skill in recreating faces from skulls in police forensic work and in producing images of historical figures . One of his reconstructions was of a prehistoric bog body known as Yde Girl . In 1998 , a murder investigation resulted in a successful prosecution as a result of Neave 's work . Neave 's archaeological reconstructions include Philip II of Macedon and Midas . In 2001 , the television program Son of God used one of three first-century Jewish skulls from a leading department of forensic science in Israel to depict Jesus in a new way . Neave constructed a face using forensic anthropology which suggested that Jesus would have had a broad face and large nose , and differed significantly from the traditional depictions of Jesus in Renaissance art ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The murder of Colette Aram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Colette_Aram', 'summary': "Colette Aram ( 3 February 1967 - 30 October 1983 ) was a 16-year-old British trainee hairdresser who was abducted , raped and strangled as she walked from her home to her boyfriend 's house in Keyworth , Nottinghamshire , on 30 October 1983 . The murder was the first case to be featured on the BBC television series Crimewatch when it began in 1984 . However , despite receiving over 400 calls as a result of the programme , Nottinghamshire Police were unable to catch the killer , and it was not until 2008 and following advances in forensic technology that police were able to develop a DNA profile of the suspect . Paul Stewart Hutchinson was finally charged with the murder in April 2009 . He initially pleaded not guilty but changed his plea to guilty on 21 December 2009 and was sentenced to life imprisonment on 25 January 2010 . Following his sentencing , Crimewatch ran a recap of the murder and investigation on BBC TV on 27 January 2010 exposing several inaccuracies reported in the press about his background , notably a lie about being a psychology graduate ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keyworth , Nottinghamshire England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keyworth', 'summary': 'Keyworth is a large village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire , England . It is located about 6 miles ( 11 km ) southeast of the centre of Nottingham . The village sits on a small , broad hilltop about 200 feet above sea level which is set in the wider undulating boulder clay that characterises the area south of Nottingham . Keyworth is twinned with the French town of Feignies .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nottinghamshire', 'summary': 'Nottinghamshire ( pronounced /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər , -ʃɪər/ ; abbreviated Notts . ) is a county in the East Midlands region of England , bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west , Lincolnshire to the east , Leicestershire to the south , and Derbyshire to the west . The traditional county town is Nottingham , though the county council is based at County Hall in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe , at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent . The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield , Bassetlaw , Broxtowe , Gedling , Mansfield , Newark and Sherwood , and Rushcliffe . The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 , but is now a unitary authority , remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes . In 2017 , the county was estimated to have a population of 785,800 . Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation ( which continues into Derbyshire ) . The conurbation has a population of about 650,000 , though less than half live within the city boundaries . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': "Colette Aram , a 16-year-old trainee hairdresser , was abducted , raped and strangled as she walked from her home to her boyfriend 's house in Keyworth , Nottinghamshire , on 30 October 1983 . The killer , Paul Stewart Hutchinson , was finally brought to justice more than 25 years later , receiving a life sentence for murder in January 2010", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The murder of Mark Tildesley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Mark_Tildesley', 'summary': "Mark Anthony Tildesley ( 31 August 1976 - 1 June 1984 ) was an English schoolboy who disappeared , at the age of seven , on 1 June 1984 , whilst visiting a fair in his home town of Wokingham in Berkshire . A widespread search was promptly conducted in the Wokingham area , involving both police officers and British Army soldiers , but no trace of Tildesley was ever discovered . As part of the investigation , a national poster campaign was launched , with one displayed in every police station in the country . Tildesley 's disappearance was publicised in the local Wokingham Times and also featured prominently in national newspapers . The Times , the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror all covered the story , and the case appeared in ITV 's Thames News . The disappearance was mentioned on the first ever episode of BBC Crimewatch UK in 1984 and a full reconstruction was aired on the same programme a year later . Despite a huge public response , however , these efforts brought little concrete evidence . In 1989 , Tildesley 's disappearance was linked to the Operation Orchid investigation into missing children . As part of this operation , in 1990 , it emerged that on the night he disappeared , Tildesley had been abducted , drugged , tortured , raped and murdered by a London-based paedophile gang , led by Sidney Cooke . Another man named Leslie Bailey was charged with murder in 1991 and the following year was given two life sentences . He was murdered in prison in 1993 . [ clarification needed ] A memorial service was held and a memorial bench was placed at the entrance to the fairground site ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wokingham , Berkshire , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wokingham', 'summary': 'Wokingham /ˈwoʊkɪŋəm/ is a historic market town in Berkshire , England , 39 miles ( 63 km ) west of London , 7 miles ( 11 km ) southeast of Reading , 8 miles ( 13 km ) north of Camberley and 4 miles ( 6 km ) west of Bracknell . Wokingham was a borough before the 1974 reorganisation of local government , when it merged with Wokingham Rural District to form the new Wokingham District . Borough status was granted in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Berkshire', 'summary': 'Berkshire ( /ˈbɑːrkʃər , -ʃɪər/ ( listen ) BARK-shər , -\u2060sheer ; in the 17th century sometimes spelt phonetically as Barkeshire ; abbreviated Berks . ) is a county in South East England . One of the home counties , Berkshire was recognised by the Queen as the Royal County of Berkshire in 1957 because of the presence of Windsor Castle , and letters patent were issued in 1974 . Berkshire is a county of historic origin , a ceremonial county and a non-metropolitan county without a county council . The county town is Reading . The River Thames formed the historic northern boundary , from Buscot in the west to Old Windsor in the east . The historic county therefore includes territory that is now administered by the Vale of White Horse and parts of South Oxfordshire in Oxfordshire , but excludes Caversham , Slough and five less populous settlements in the east of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead . All the changes mentioned , apart from the change to Caversham , took place in 1974 . The towns of Abingdon , Didcot , Faringdon , Wallingford and Wantage were transferred to Oxfordshire , the six places joining came from Buckinghamshire . Berkshire County Council was the main local government of most areas from 1889 to 1998 and was based in Reading , the county town which had its own County Borough administration ( 1888-1974 ) . Since 1998 , Berkshire has been governed by the six unitary authorities of Bracknell Forest , Reading , Slough , West Berkshire , Windsor and Maidenhead and Wokingham . The ceremonial county borders Oxfordshire ( to the north ) , Buckinghamshire ( to the north-east ) , Greater London ( to the east ) , Surrey ( to the south-east ) , Wiltshire ( to the west ) and Hampshire ( to the south ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Seven-year-old Mark Tildesley disappeared while visiting a funfair in Wokingham , Berkshire , on the evening of 1 June 1984 . He was lured away from the fair and his bicycle was found chained to railings nearby . In 1990 it emerged that Mark had been abducted , drugged , tortured , raped and murdered by a London-based paedophile gang on the night he disappeared . However , his body has never been found', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wokingham', 'summary': 'Wokingham /ˈwoʊkɪŋəm/ is a historic market town in Berkshire , England , 39 miles ( 63 km ) west of London , 7 miles ( 11 km ) southeast of Reading , 8 miles ( 13 km ) north of Camberley and 4 miles ( 6 km ) west of Bracknell . Wokingham was a borough before the 1974 reorganisation of local government , when it merged with Wokingham Rural District to form the new Wokingham District . Borough status was granted in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Berkshire', 'summary': 'Berkshire ( /ˈbɑːrkʃər , -ʃɪər/ ( listen ) BARK-shər , -\u2060sheer ; in the 17th century sometimes spelt phonetically as Barkeshire ; abbreviated Berks . ) is a county in South East England . One of the home counties , Berkshire was recognised by the Queen as the Royal County of Berkshire in 1957 because of the presence of Windsor Castle , and letters patent were issued in 1974 . Berkshire is a county of historic origin , a ceremonial county and a non-metropolitan county without a county council . The county town is Reading . The River Thames formed the historic northern boundary , from Buscot in the west to Old Windsor in the east . The historic county therefore includes territory that is now administered by the Vale of White Horse and parts of South Oxfordshire in Oxfordshire , but excludes Caversham , Slough and five less populous settlements in the east of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead . All the changes mentioned , apart from the change to Caversham , took place in 1974 . The towns of Abingdon , Didcot , Faringdon , Wallingford and Wantage were transferred to Oxfordshire , the six places joining came from Buckinghamshire . Berkshire County Council was the main local government of most areas from 1889 to 1998 and was based in Reading , the county town which had its own County Borough administration ( 1888-1974 ) . Since 1998 , Berkshire has been governed by the six unitary authorities of Bracknell Forest , Reading , Slough , West Berkshire , Windsor and Maidenhead and Wokingham . The ceremonial county borders Oxfordshire ( to the north ) , Buckinghamshire ( to the north-east ) , Greater London ( to the east ) , Surrey ( to the south-east ) , Wiltshire ( to the west ) and Hampshire ( to the south ) .'}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The murder of James Bulger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_James_Bulger', 'summary': "James Patrick Bulger ( 16 March 1990 - 12 February 1993 ) was a 2-year-old boy from Kirkby , Merseyside , England , who was abducted , tortured and killed by two 10-year-old boys , Robert Thompson and Jon Venables . Bulger was led away from the New Strand Shopping Centre in Bootle as his mother had taken her eyes off him momentarily . His mutilated body was found on a railway line 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) away in Walton , Liverpool , two days after his abduction . Thompson and Venables were charged on 20 February 1993 with Bulger 's abduction and murder . They were found guilty on 24 November 1993 , making them the youngest convicted murderers in modern British history . They were sentenced to detention during Her Majesty 's pleasure until a Parole Board decision in June 2001 recommended their release on a lifelong licence aged 18 . In 2010 , Venables was sent to prison for breaching the terms of his licence , and was released on parole again in 2013 . In November 2017 , Venables was again sent to prison for possessing child abuse images on his computer . The Bulger case has prompted widespread debate on the issue of how to handle young offenders when they are sentenced or released from custody ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walton , Merseyside , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walton,_Merseyside', 'summary': 'Walton is an area of Liverpool , England , north of Anfield and east of Bootle and Orrell Park . Historically in Lancashire , it is largely residential , with a diverse population .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Merseyside', 'summary': 'Merseyside ( /ˈmɜːrzisaɪd/ MUR-zee-syde ) is a metropolitan county in North West England , with a population of 1.38 million . It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary and comprises five metropolitan boroughs : Knowsley , St Helens , Sefton , Wirral , and the city of Liverpool . Merseyside , which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972 , takes its name from the River Mersey . Merseyside spans 249 square miles ( 645 km2 ) of land which border Lancashire ( to the north-east ) , Greater Manchester ( to the east ) , Cheshire ( to the south and south-east ) and the Irish Sea to the west . North Wales is across the Dee Estuary . There is a mix of high density urban areas , suburbs , semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside , but overwhelmingly the land use is urban . It has a focused central business district , formed by Liverpool City Centre , but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts , each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs . The Liverpool Urban Area is the fifth most populous conurbation in England , and dominates the geographic centre of the county , while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south . For the 12 years following 1974 the county had a two-tier system of local government ; district councils shared power with the Merseyside County Council . The county council was abolished in 1986 , and so its districts ( the metropolitan boroughs ) are now effectively unitary authority areas . However , the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference , and several county-wide services are co-ordinated by authorities and joint-boards , such as Merseytravel ( for public transport ) , Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service and the Merseyside Police ( for law-enforcement ) ; as a ceremonial county , Merseyside has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff . As the Lancashire county palatine boundaries remain the same as the historic boundaries , the High Sheriff of Merseyside , along with those of Lancashire and Greater Manchester are appointed within the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster .'}]}, {'value': "Two-year-old James Patrick Bulger was killed in February 1993 by two 10-year-old boys , Jon Venables and Robert Thompson , after they lured him away from a shopping centre to a nearby railway line where they tortured and beat him before leaving him on a railway track to die of his injuries . After the discovery of Bulger 's body two days later , Venables and Thompson were found guilty of murder in November that year and sentenced to be detained indefinitely . They spent eight years in custody before being released on life licence in 2001 . Venables was recalled to prison in early 2010 for breaching his licence conditions , having been caught possessing child pornography", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Child_pornography', 'summary': 'Child pornography is pornography that exploits children for sexual stimulation . It may be produced with the direct involvement or sexual assault of a child ( also known as child sexual abuse images ) or it may be simulated child pornography . Abuse of the child occurs during the sexual acts or lascivious exhibitions of genitals or pubic areas which are recorded in the production of child pornography . Child pornography may use a variety of media , including writings , magazines , photos , sculpture , drawing , cartoon , painting , animation , sound recording , film , video , and video games . Laws regarding child pornography generally include sexual images involving prepubescents , pubescent or post-pubescent minors and computer-generated images that appear to involve them . Most possessors of child pornography who are arrested are found to possess images of prepubescent children ; possessors of pornographic images of post-pubescent minors are less likely to be prosecuted , even though those images also fall within the statutes . Producers of child pornography try to avoid prosecution by distributing their material across national borders , though this issue is increasingly being addressed with regular arrests of suspects from a number of countries occurring over the last few years . The prepubescent pornography is viewed and collected by pedophiles for a variety of purposes , ranging from private sexual uses , trading with other pedophiles , preparing children for sexual abuse as part of the process known as child grooming , or enticement leading to entrapment for sexual exploitation such as production of new child pornography or child prostitution . Children themselves also sometimes produce child pornography on their own initiative or by the coercion of an adult . Child pornography is illegal and censored in most jurisdictions in the world . Ninety-four of 187 Interpol member states had laws specifically addressing child pornography as of 2008 , though this does not include nations that ban all pornography . Of those 94 countries , 58 criminalized possession of child pornography regardless of intent to distribute .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The murder of Richard Everitt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Richard_Everitt', 'summary': "On 13 August 1994 , 15-year-old Richard Everitt was stabbed to death in London in a racially motivated attack . Everitt 's neighbourhood , Somers Town , had been the site of ethnic tensions . He was not involved in gangs , but was murdered by a gang of British Bangladeshis who were seeking revenge on another White British boy . The murderer was not apprehended , as members of the gang fled to Bangladesh . Badrul Miah and Showat Akbar were tried in 1995 as the ringleaders of the gang . Miah was given a life sentence , with minimum terms of 12 years . Akbar was sentenced to three years in custody for violent disorder ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'London , England', 'urls': []}, {'value': "On 13 August 1994 , 15-year-old Richard Everitt was stabbed to death in London in a racially motivated attack . Everitt 's neighbourhood , Somers Town , had been the site of ethnic tensions , and although he was not involved in gangs , he was murdered by a gang of British Bangladeshis who were seeking revenge on another White British boy . The murderer was not apprehended , as members of the gang fled to Bangladesh . Badrul Miah and Showat Akbar were tried in 1995 as the ringleaders of the gang and were given life sentences , with minimum terms of 12 years and three years in custody respectively", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Somers_Town,_London', 'summary': "Somers Town is an inner-city district in North West London . It has been strongly influenced by the three mainline north London railway termini : Euston ( 1838 ) , St Pancras ( 1868 ) and King 's Cross ( 1852 ) , together with the Midland Railway Somers Town Goods Depot ( 1887 ) next to St Pancras , where the British Library now stands . Historically , the name Somers Town was used for the larger triangular area between the Pancras , Hampstead , and Euston Roads , but it is now taken to mean the rough rectangle bounded by Pancras Road , Euston Road , Eversholt Street , Crowndale Road , and the railway approaches to St Pancras station ; that is to say , the area about 200 metres east and west of Chalton Street . Somers Town was originally within the medieval Parish of St Pancras , Middlesex , which in 1900 became the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras . In 1965 the Borough of St Pancras was abolished and its area became part of the London Borough of Camden ."}, {'url': '/wiki/British_Bangladeshi', 'summary': "British Bangladeshis ( Bangla : ব্রিটিশ বাংলাদেশী , Sylheti : ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠛꠣꠋꠟꠣꠖꠦꠡꠤ ) are people of Bangladeshi origin who have attained citizenship in the United Kingdom , through immigration and historical naturalisation . During the 1970s , large numbers of Bangladeshis immigrated to the UK , primarily from the Sylhet Division . The largest concentration live in east London boroughs , such as Tower Hamlets . This large diaspora in London leads people in Bangladesh to refer to British Bangladeshis as Londonis . Bangladeshis form one of the UK 's largest group of people of overseas descent and are also one of the country 's youngest and fastest growing communities . The 2011 UK Census recorded nearly half-a-million residents of Bangladeshi ethnicity . British Bangladeshis had the highest overall relative poverty rate of any ethnic group in the UK with 65% of Bangladeshis living in low income households , as for 2005 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/White_British', 'summary': "White British is an ethnicity classification used in the 2011 United Kingdom Census . In the 2011 census , the White British population was 51,736,290 , 81.9% of the UK total population ( NB : This total includes the population estimate for Northern Ireland , where only the term 'White ' is used in ethnic classification . National identity is listed separately in NI , where 40% classified themselves as British , making up a significant portion of the population , along with those specifying their national identity as Irish ) ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The murder of Daniel Handley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Daniel_Handley', 'summary': 'Daniel Charles Handley ( 27 April 1985 - 2 October 1994 ) was a nine year old boy abducted from a street near his home in East London and murdered in Hungerford , Berkshire in 1994 by Timothy John Morss ( born 11 March 1963 ) and his boyfriend Brett Tyler ( born 21 June 1965 ) . They were sentenced to life in 1996 for abducting , sexually assaulting and murdering the 9-year-old boy . When the couple , along with two others , received 50-year tariffs imposed by Home Secretary David Blunkett in 2002 , this was overturned within 24 hours by the European Court of Human Rights .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'London , England', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nine-year-old Daniel Handley was lured away from his East London home in October 1994 and murdered by Timothy Morss and his partner Brett Tyler . They were sentenced to life imprisonment in May 1996 after admitting the murder . They had sexually abused Handley before murdering him and abandoning his body near Bristol , where it was found five months later . The trial judge described the pair as vultures and recommended they should never be set free . After their trial , it was revealed that both had convictions for sexual offences against children . In 2002 the then-Home Secretary David Blunkett sought to impose 50-year tariffs on Morss and Tyler , but they were overturned within 24 hours by both the High Court for England and Wales and the European Court of Human Rights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Handley', 'summary': 'Daniel Charles Handley ( 27 April 1985 - 2 October 1994 ) was a nine year old boy abducted from a street near his home in East London and murdered in Hungerford , Berkshire in 1994 by Timothy John Morss ( born 11 March 1963 ) and his boyfriend Brett Tyler ( born 21 June 1965 ) . They were sentenced to life in 1996 for abducting , sexually assaulting and murdering the 9-year-old boy . When the couple , along with two others , received 50-year tariffs imposed by Home Secretary David Blunkett in 2002 , this was overturned within 24 hours by the European Court of Human Rights .'}, {'url': '/wiki/East_London', 'summary': 'East London is a popularly and informally defined part of London , capital of the United Kingdom . By most definitions it is east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames . It broadly comprises the London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham , Hackney , Havering , Newham , Redbridge , Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest . The East End of London is a subset of East London , consisting of areas close to the ancient City of London . The Eastern ( E ) Postal District is a different subset of East London ; and there is also an East sub-region used in the London Plan for planning policy reporting purposes . The most recent ( 2011 ) iteration includes seven boroughs north of the Thames , with the addition of three boroughs south of the river .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bristol', 'summary': 'Bristol ( /ˈbrɪstəl/ ( listen ) ) is a city and county in South West England with a population of 463,400 . The wider district has the 10th-largest population in England . The urban area population of 724,000 is the 8th-largest in the UK . The city borders North Somerset and South Gloucestershire , with the cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east , respectively . South Wales lies across the Severn estuary . Iron Age hill forts and Roman villas were built near the confluence of the rivers Frome and Avon , and around the beginning of the 11th century , the settlement was known as Brycgstow ( Old English the place at the bridge ) . Bristol received a royal charter in 1155 and was historically divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset until 1373 when it became a county of itself . From the 13th to the 18th century , Bristol was among the top three English cities , after London , in tax receipts . Bristol was surpassed by the rapid rise of Birmingham , Manchester and Liverpool in the Industrial Revolution . Bristol was a starting place for early voyages of exploration to the New World . On a ship out of Bristol in 1497 John Cabot , a Venetian , became the first European since the Vikings to land on mainland North America . In 1499 William Weston , a Bristol merchant , was the first Englishman to lead an exploration to North America .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Blunkett', 'summary': "David Blunkett , Baron Blunkett , PC ( born 6 June 1947 ) is a British former politician , having represented the Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough constituency for 28 years through to 7 May 2015 when he stepped down at the general election . Blind since birth , and coming from a poor family in one of Sheffield 's most deprived districts , he rose to become Education and Employment Secretary , Home Secretary and Work and Pensions Secretary in Tony Blair 's Cabinet following Labour 's victory in the 1997 general election . After the 2001 general election he was promoted to Home Secretary , a position he held until 2004 , when he resigned following publicity about his personal life . After the 2005 general election , he was appointed Secretary of State for Work and Pensions , though he resigned from that role later that year following media coverage relating to external business interests in the period when he did not hold a cabinet post . The Cabinet Secretary Gus O'Donnell exonerated him from any wrongdoing in his letter of 25 November 2005 . On 20 June 2014 , Blunkett announced to his constituency party that he would be standing down from the House of Commons at the next general election in May 2015 . The editor of the right-wing The Spectator magazine , Fraser Nelson , commented , He was never under-briefed , and never showed any sign of his disability . he was one of Labour 's very best MPs - and one of the very few people in parliament whose life I would describe as inspirational . Responding to a question from Blunkett on 11 March 2015 , Prime Minister David Cameron said : As a new backbencher , I will never forget coming to this place in 2001 and , in the light of the appalling terrorist attacks that had taken place across the world , seeing the strong leadership he gave on the importance of keeping our country safe . He is a remarkable politician , a remarkable man . In May 2015 he accepted a professorship in Politics in Practice at the University of Sheffield ( in 2014 he was invited to be a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences ) , and in June 2015 he agreed to become Chairman of the Board of the University of Law . In addition to his other work with charities , he was also chairman of the David Ross Multi Academy Charitable Trust from June 2015 to January 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice', 'summary': "The High Court of Justice in London , together with the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court , are the Senior Courts of England and Wales . Its name is abbreviated as EWHC for legal citation purposes . The High Court deals at first instance with all high value and high importance cases , and also has a supervisory jurisdiction over all subordinate courts and tribunals , with a few statutory exceptions . The High Court consists of three divisions : the Queen 's Bench Division , the Chancery Division , and the Family Division . Their jurisdictions overlap in some cases , and cases started in one division may be transferred by court order to another where appropriate . The differences of procedure and practice between divisions are partly historical , derived from the separate courts which were merged into the single High Court by the 19th-century Judicature Acts , but are mainly driven by the usual nature of their work , for example , conflicting evidence of fact is quite commonly given in person in the Queen 's Bench Division , but evidence by affidavit is more usual in the Chancery Division which is primarily concerned with points of law . Most High Court proceedings are heard by a single judge , but certain kinds of proceedings , especially in the Queen 's Bench Division , are assigned to a divisional court , a bench of two or more judges . Exceptionally the court may sit with a jury , but in practice normally only in defamation cases or cases against the police . Litigants are normally represented by counsel but may be represented by solicitors qualified to hold a right of audience , or they may act in person . In principle , the High Court is bound by its own previous decisions , but there are conflicting authorities as to what extent this is so . Appeal from the High Court in civil matters normally lies to the Court of Appeal , and thence in cases of importance to the Supreme Court ( the House of Lords before 2009 ) ; in some cases a leapfrog appeal may be made directly to the Supreme Court . In criminal matters appeals from the Queen 's Bench Divisional Court are made directly to the Supreme Court ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Michael Stone Killings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Stone_(murderer)', 'summary': "Michael Stone ( born Michael John Goodban in 1960 in Tunbridge Wells ) is a British man who was convicted of the 1996 murders of Lin and Megan Russell and attempted murder of Josie Russell . Stone was sentenced to three life sentences with a tariff of 25 years . Stone maintains his innocence and continues to contest his conviction . Stone 's legal team assert that serial killer Levi Bellfield is the true perpetrator of the attack ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kent , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kent', 'summary': 'Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties . It borders Greater London to the north-west , Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west . The county also shares borders with Essex along the estuary of the River Thames ( connected by land via High Speed 1 and the Dartford Crossing ) , and with the French department of Pas-de-Calais through the Channel Tunnel . The county town is Maidstone . Kent was among the first British territories conquered and settled by Anglo-Saxons . Canterbury Cathedral in Kent has been the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury , leader of the Church of England , since the Reformation . Prior to that it was built by Catholics , dating back to the conversion of England to Catholicism by Saint Augustine that began in the 6th century . Before the English Reformation the cathedral was part of a Benedictine monastic community known as Christ Church , Canterbury , as well as being the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury . The last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury was Reginald Pole . Rochester Cathedral is also in Kent , in Medway . It is the second-oldest cathedral in England , with Canterbury Cathedral being the oldest . Between London and the Strait of Dover , which separates it from mainland Europe , Kent has seen both diplomacy and conflict , ranging from the Leeds Castle peace talks of 1978 and 2004 to the Battle of Britain in World War II .'}]}, {'value': "Michael Stone was convicted in October 1998 of the July 1996 murders of Lin Russell and her six-year-old daughter Megan , who were killed in a hammer attack . He was also convicted of attempting to murder Mrs Russell 's nine-year-old daughter Josie , who suffered serious head injuries . He has continued to assert his innocence since his conviction . His original conviction was overturned on appeal but a second trial in 2002 resulted in another guilty verdict after another prisoner claimed that Stone had confessed to the killings while on remand in jail . His most recent appeal , in 2004 , also failed", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The murder of Billie-Jo Jenkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Billie-Jo_Jenkins', 'summary': 'Billie-Jo Margaret Jenkins ( 29 March 1983 - 15 February 1997 ) was an English girl who was murdered in Hastings , East Sussex in February 1997 . The case gained widespread media attention and remains unsolved .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hastings , East Sussex , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hastings', 'summary': 'Hastings /ˈheɪstɪŋz/ is a seaside town and borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England , 24 mi ( 39 km ) east to the county town of Lewes and 53 mi ( 85 km ) south east of London . The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings , which took place 8 mi ( 13 km ) to the north-west at Senlac Hill in 1066 . It later became one of the medieval Cinque Ports . In the 19th century , it was a popular seaside resort , as the railway allowed tourists and visitors to reach the town . Today , Hastings is a fishing port with a beach-based fishing fleet . It had an estimated population of 92,855 in 2018 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Sussex', 'summary': 'East Sussex is a county in South East England . It is bordered by the counties of Kent to the north and east , West Sussex to the west , and Surrey to the north-west , as well as the English Channel to the south .'}]}, {'value': '13-year-old Billie-Jo Jenkins was murdered on 15 February 1997 at the home where she lived with her foster parents . Her foster father , Siôn Jenkins , was charged with the murder and later convicted , but maintained his innocence . An appeal in 1999 against his conviction failed , but after a second appeal in August 2004 it was quashed by a court as unsafe and he was released on bail pending a retrial . The juries in two subsequent retrials were unable to reach verdicts , and a not guilty verdict was recorded in 2006 . Nobody else has been arrested since his acquittal and the case remains unsolved', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Child killings -- 19th and 20th centuries', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Major_crimes_in_the_United_Kingdom_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of major crimes in the United Kingdom that received significant media coverage or led to changes in legislation. Legally each deliberate and unlawful killing of a human being is murder; there are no crimes of assassination or serial killing as such, for example.'} | null | null | What are the number of deaths of the crime that was committed by Alfred Charles Whiteway ? | 2 |
0bc866c95472360f | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population', 'title': 'List of towns in India by population', 'header': ['Name of Town', 'State', 'Type', 'Population ( 2011 )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Chaibasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chaibasa', 'summary': 'Chaibasa is a town and a municipality in West Singhbhum district in the state of Jharkhand , India . Chaibasa is the district headquarters of West Singhbhum district . It is also the headquarter of Singhbhum Kolhan division headed by the Divisional commissioner . It is famous as a mining hub as well as for being the hometown of Birsa Munda , Jharkhands most well known freedom fighter .'}]}, {'value': 'Jharkhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jharkhand', 'summary': 'Jharkhand ( lit . Bushland or The land of forest ) is a state in eastern India . The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north , Uttar Pradesh to the northwest , Chhattisgarh to the west , Odisha to the south and West Bengal to the east . It has an area of 79,710 km2 ( 30,778 sq mi ) . It is the 15th largest state by area , and the 14th largest by population . Hindi is the official language of the state . The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub capital . The state is known for its waterfalls , hills and holy places ; Baidyanath Dham , Parasnath and Rajrappa are major religious sites . The region has been inhabited since the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period , as shown by several ancient cave paintings . Even evidence of use of iron started in this region as early as 1400 BCE . The region was under the rule of many sovereign and autonomous ruling dynasties including Maurya , Gupta , Gauda , Pala , Nagvanshi , Khayaravala , Ramgarh Raj , Raksel , Chero and Kharagdiha Zamindari estates . In the 16th century Mughal influence reached the region , and it finally came under the East India Company in the 18th century .'}]}, {'value': 'N.P.P', 'urls': []}, {'value': '69,565', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charkhi Dadri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charkhi_Dadri', 'summary': 'Charkhi Dadri is a city and headquarters of Charkhi Dadri district in the state of Haryana , India , about 90 km from Delhi . The town was made by joining the villages of Charkhi and Dadri after urban development . Charkhi Dadri , located in southern Haryana 110 kilometres ( 68 mi ) from the national capital of New Delhi , is on NH 148B between Narnaul to Bathinda and NH 348B between Meerut to Pilani segment passing through the city .'}]}, {'value': 'Haryana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haryana', 'summary': "Haryana ( Hindi pronunciation : [ ɦərɪˈjaːɳaː ] ) is one of the 28 states in India , located in northern part of the country . It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on linguistic as well as on cultural basis . It is ranked 22nd in terms of area with less than 1.4% ( 44,212 km2 ( 17,070 sq mi ) ) of India 's land area . Chandigarh is the state capital , Faridabad in National Capital Region is the most populous city of the state and Gurugram is a leading financial hub of NCR with major Fortune 500 companies located in it . Haryana has 6 administrative divisions , 22 districts , 72 sub-divisions , 93 revenue tehsils , 50 sub-tehsils , 140 community development blocks , 154 cities and towns , 6,848 villages and 6222 villages panchayats . As the largest recipient of investment per capita since 2000 in India , and among one of the wealthiest and most economically developed regions in South Asia , Haryana has the fifth highest per capita income among Indian states and UTs at ₹226,644 ( US $ 3,200 ) against the national average of ₹125,397 ( US $ 1,800 ) for year 2018-19 . Haryana 's 2019-20 estimated state GSDP of US $ 110 billion ( 52% services , 34% industries and 14% agriculture ) is growing at 12.96% 2012-17 CAGR and placed on the 13th position behind only much bigger states , is also boosted by 30 SEZs ( mainly along DMIC , ADKIC and DWPE in NCR ) , 7% national agricultural exports , 65% of national Basmati rice export , 67% cars , 60% motorbikes , 50% tractors and 50% refrigerators produced in India . Faridabad has been described as eighth fastest growing city in the world and third most in India by City Mayors Foundation survey . In services , Gurugram ranks number 1 in India in IT growth rate and existing technology infrastructure , and number 2 in startup ecosystem , innovation and livability ( Nov 2016 ) . Haryana has the seventh highest ranking among Indian states in human development index . Among the world 's oldest and largest ancient civilisations , the Indus Valley Civilization sites at Rakhigarhi village in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are 9,000 years old . Rich in history , monuments , heritage , flora and fauna , human resources and tourism with well developed economy , national highways and state roads , it is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north-east , by river Yamuna along its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh , by Rajasthan to the west and south , and Ghaggar-Hakra River flows along its northern border with Punjab ."}]}, {'value': 'N.P.P', 'urls': []}, {'value': '49,985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chatra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatra', 'summary': 'Chatra is headquarters of Chatra district in the Indian state of Jharkhand .'}]}, {'value': 'Jharkhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jharkhand', 'summary': 'Jharkhand ( lit . Bushland or The land of forest ) is a state in eastern India . The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north , Uttar Pradesh to the northwest , Chhattisgarh to the west , Odisha to the south and West Bengal to the east . It has an area of 79,710 km2 ( 30,778 sq mi ) . It is the 15th largest state by area , and the 14th largest by population . Hindi is the official language of the state . The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub capital . The state is known for its waterfalls , hills and holy places ; Baidyanath Dham , Parasnath and Rajrappa are major religious sites . The region has been inhabited since the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period , as shown by several ancient cave paintings . Even evidence of use of iron started in this region as early as 1400 BCE . The region was under the rule of many sovereign and autonomous ruling dynasties including Maurya , Gupta , Gauda , Pala , Nagvanshi , Khayaravala , Ramgarh Raj , Raksel , Chero and Kharagdiha Zamindari estates . In the 16th century Mughal influence reached the region , and it finally came under the East India Company in the 18th century .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '49,985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chalakudy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chalakudy', 'summary': 'Chalakudy is a municipal town situated on the banks of Chalakudy River in Thrissur District of the Kerala State in India . It is the headquarters of Chalakudy taluk . It is the base camp for travellers to Athirappilly and Vazhachal Falls . Chalakudy lies on National Highway 544 and located about 47 km ( 23 mi ) north of the city of Kochi , and 30 km ( 19 mi ) south of Thrissur .'}]}, {'value': 'Kerala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerala', 'summary': "Kerala ( /ˈkɛrələ/ ( listen ) ) is a state on the southwestern Malabar Coast of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act , by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile states of Travancore-Cochin and Madras . Spread over 38,863 km2 ( 15,005 sq mi ) , Kerala is the twenty-third largest Indian state by area . It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast , Tamil Nadu to the east and south , and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west . With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census , Kerala is the thirteenth-largest Indian state by population . It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram . Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state . The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala . The Ay kingdom in the deep south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north formed the other kingdoms in the early years of the Common Era ( CE or AD ) . The region had been a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE . The region 's prominence in trade was noted in the works of Pliny as well as the Periplus around 100 CE . In the 15th century , the spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala , and paved the way for European colonisation of India ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '49,525', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challakere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challakere', 'summary': 'Challakere is a taluq in Chitradurga district in the state of Karnataka , India . It is called Oil City with numerous edible oil mills around the city and also Science City as several science and research organizations such as IISc , DRDO , BARC and ISRO have set up their establishments here .'}]}, {'value': 'Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnataka', 'summary': 'Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken .'}]}, {'value': 'C.M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '55,194', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chamba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chamba,_Uttarakhand', 'summary': 'Chamba is a town and a hill station in Tehri Garhwal district in the state of Uttarakhand , India . It is situated at a junction of roads connecting Mussoorie and Rishikesh with the Tehri Dam reservoir and New Tehri.Its nearby tourist places are Dhanaulti , Surkanda Devi Temple , Ranichauri , New Tehri , and Kanatal , halfway between Chamba and Dhanaulti.About 50 km from Mussoorie , the small hill town of Chamba , Uttarakhand , is another of those destinations yet unknown to most tourists and therefore unspoilt and fresh like a daisy for the lucky few who venture out seeking new places to explore and enjoy . Chamba is situated at an altitude of 1600m above sea level . There are pleasant forests of pine and deodar trees , with some good views . Unlike Mussoorie , this place is fairly quiet and picturesque , hence an excellent place to relax and wash off the city blues . One can reach Chamba in about 7-8 hrs from Delhi via Haridwar , Rishikesh and Narendranagar ( 290 km ) . One can also combine a stay at Chamba with a visit to Mussoorie or Dhanolti and reach via Dehradun , Mussoorie and Dhanolti . How to Reach Chamba'}]}, {'value': 'Uttarakhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uttarakhand', 'summary': 'Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region .'}]}, {'value': 'N.P', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27,771', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chamoli Gopeshwar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chamoli_Gopeshwar', 'summary': 'Gopeshwar is a township in the Garhwal hills and a municipal board within Chamoli district . It is the administrative headquarters of the Chamoli District of Uttarakhand in India . Located 1,550 m ( 5,090 ft ) above sea level , it is famous for its weather ( pleasant most of the year , but very cold in December and January ) and its temples . It is the largest town in Chamoli district . Famous places in Gopeshwar include Pt . Dindayal Park , Kunds , the Gopinath Temple , and the Telephone Tower House . The only T.B . Hospital in Chamoli District is located in Gopeshwar . A sports stadium is located on a portion of the property making up the police grounds . Major colonies are Pwd Colony , Jal Nigam , Wireless Colony , Police Colony , Kund Colony , Post Office , Basant bihar , Saraswati Bihar , Subhash Nagar , Haldapani , Negwar , Mandir Colony , Teacher Colony , Hospital Colony and Polytechnic Colony .'}]}, {'value': 'Uttarakhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uttarakhand', 'summary': 'Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region .'}]}, {'value': 'N.P.P', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21,447', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Champawat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Champawat', 'summary': 'Champawat is a town and a Nagar Palika Parishad in Champawat district in the state of Uttarakhand , India . It is the administrative headquarters of Champawat district . The town was the former capital of the Kumaon Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Uttarakhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uttarakhand', 'summary': 'Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region .'}]}, {'value': 'N.P', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.801', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Changanassery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Changanassery', 'summary': 'Changanassery ( also known by its former name Changanacherry ) is a municipal town in Kottayam district in the state of Kerala , India . Changanassery is the gateway to the Western Ghats and Kuttanad . It is one of the major educational and religious centres of Kerala , with nearly 100% literacy . There are five colleges , eight higher secondary schools , one vocational higher secondary school and ten high schools within a four-kilometre radius of the town .'}]}, {'value': 'Kerala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerala', 'summary': "Kerala ( /ˈkɛrələ/ ( listen ) ) is a state on the southwestern Malabar Coast of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act , by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile states of Travancore-Cochin and Madras . Spread over 38,863 km2 ( 15,005 sq mi ) , Kerala is the twenty-third largest Indian state by area . It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast , Tamil Nadu to the east and south , and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west . With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census , Kerala is the thirteenth-largest Indian state by population . It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram . Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state . The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala . The Ay kingdom in the deep south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north formed the other kingdoms in the early years of the Common Era ( CE or AD ) . The region had been a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE . The region 's prominence in trade was noted in the works of Pliny as well as the Periplus around 100 CE . In the 15th century , the spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala , and paved the way for European colonisation of India ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '47,685', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chengannur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chengannur', 'summary': "Chengannur ( also spelled Chengannoor or Chenganur ) is one of the closest developing municipal towns in the Alappuzha district of the state of Kerala in South India . It is located in the extreme eastern part of the Alappuzha district , on the banks of Pamba River . Chengannur is 117 kilometres ( 73 mi ) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram on the MC Road ( State Highway 1 ) . Chengannur is connected to Kollam and Kottayam by NH 220 . Chengannur is noted for the Chengannur Mahadeva Temple ( aka 'Dakshina Kailasam ' as a major Shiva temple of South India ) and its Old Syrian Church of the ancient Syrian Christian community . Chengannur is also a major destination of Sabarimala pilgrims known as the Gateway of Sabarimala . The nearby municipal towns are Adoor and Pandalam to the south , Mavelikkara to the west Pathanamthitta to the east and Tiruvalla to the north . The taluk comprises villages such as Kurattissery , Mannar , Ennakkad , Pandanad , Thiruvanvandoor , Chengannur , Mulakuzha , Ala , Puliyoor , Cheriyanad , Budhanoor and Venmony . As of the 2001 Indian census , Chengannur Taluk had a population of 125,391 . Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52% . 9% of the population is under 6 years of age . People of old age comprises 34% ."}]}, {'value': 'Kerala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerala', 'summary': "Kerala ( /ˈkɛrələ/ ( listen ) ) is a state on the southwestern Malabar Coast of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act , by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile states of Travancore-Cochin and Madras . Spread over 38,863 km2 ( 15,005 sq mi ) , Kerala is the twenty-third largest Indian state by area . It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast , Tamil Nadu to the east and south , and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west . With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census , Kerala is the thirteenth-largest Indian state by population . It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram . Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state . The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala . The Ay kingdom in the deep south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north formed the other kingdoms in the early years of the Common Era ( CE or AD ) . The region had been a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE . The region 's prominence in trade was noted in the works of Pliny as well as the Periplus around 100 CE . In the 15th century , the spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala , and paved the way for European colonisation of India ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23,456', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cooch Behar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cooch_Behar', 'summary': 'Cooch Behar ( /ˌkuːtʃ bɪˈhɑːr/ ) or Koch Bihar is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal . It is the headquarters of the Cooch Behar district . It is in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas at 26°22′N 89°29′E / 26.367°N 89.483°E / 26.367 ; 89.483 . Cooch Behar is the only planned city in North Bengal region with remnants of royal heritage . Being one of the main tourist destinations of West Bengal , housing the Cooch Behar Palace and Madan Mohan Temple , it has been declared a heritage city . It is the maternal home of Maharani Gayatri Devi . During the British Raj , Cooch Behar was the seat of the princely state of Koch Bihar , ruled by the Koch dynasty of Assam . After 20 August 1949 , Cooch Behar District was transformed from a princely state to its present status , with the city of Cooch Behar as its headquarters .'}]}, {'value': 'West Bengal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Bengal', 'summary': "West Bengal ( /bɛnˈɡɔːl/ ; Bengali : Paschim Banga ) is a state in the eastern region of India along the Bay of Bengal . With over 91 million inhabitants ( as of 2011 ) , it is India 's fourth-most populous state . West Bengal is the thirteenth-largest Indian state , with an area of 88,752 km2 ( 34,267 sq mi ) . Part of the ethno-linguistic Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent , it borders Bangladesh in the east , and Nepal and Bhutan in the north . It also borders the Indian states of Odisha , Jharkhand , Bihar , Sikkim , and Assam . The state capital is Kolkata ( Calcutta ) the seventh-largest city in India , and center of the third-largest metropolitan area in the country . West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region , the Ganges delta , the Rarh region , and the coastal Sundarbans . The main ethnic group is the Bengalis , with Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority . The area 's early history featured a succession of Indian empires , internal squabbling , and a tussle between Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance . Ancient Bengal was the site of several major Janapadas ( kingdoms ) , while the earliest cities date back to the Vedic period . The region was part of several ancient pan−Indian empires , including the Mauryans and Guptas . It was also a bastion of regional kingdoms ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '79,885', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cherthala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cherthala', 'summary': 'Cherthala ( formerly Shertalai , Shertallai or Shertallay ) is a town located in the district of Alappuzha , in the state of Kerala , India . It is 31 km to Kochi and Kottayam and 22 km north of Alappuzha town , on the Kochi-Alappuzha National Highway NH 47 , as well as the coastal rail route . The coastal town is also about 20 kilometers from the historical town of Vaikom Via Ullala -Chempakassery house and the popular tourism destination Kumarakom .'}]}, {'value': 'Kerala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerala', 'summary': "Kerala ( /ˈkɛrələ/ ( listen ) ) is a state on the southwestern Malabar Coast of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act , by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile states of Travancore-Cochin and Madras . Spread over 38,863 km2 ( 15,005 sq mi ) , Kerala is the twenty-third largest Indian state by area . It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast , Tamil Nadu to the east and south , and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west . With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census , Kerala is the thirteenth-largest Indian state by population . It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram . Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state . The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala . The Ay kingdom in the deep south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north formed the other kingdoms in the early years of the Common Era ( CE or AD ) . The region had been a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE . The region 's prominence in trade was noted in the works of Pliny as well as the Periplus around 100 CE . In the 15th century , the spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala , and paved the way for European colonisation of India ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '45,827', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chhapra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chhapra', 'summary': 'Chhapra is a city and headquarters of the Saran district in the Indian state of Bihar . It is situated near the junction of the Ghaghara River and the Ganges River . Chhapra grew in importance as a river-based market in the 18th century when the Dutch , French , Portuguese , and English established saltpeter refineries in the area . It was recognized as a municipality in 1864 . [ citation needed ] The major railway station is Chhapra junction . There is a well known shakti peeth temple in Chhapra named Ambika Bhavani .'}]}, {'value': 'Gujarat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gujarat', 'summary': "Gujarat ( /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ , Gujarati : [ ˈɡudʒəɾɑt ] ( listen ) ) is a state on the western coast of India with a coastline of 1,600 km ( 990 mi ) - most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula - and a population in excess of 60 million . It is the fifth largest Indian state by area and the ninth largest state by population . Gujarat is bordered by Rajasthan to the northeast , Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the south , Maharashtra to the southeast , Madhya Pradesh to the east , and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west . Its capital city is Gandhinagar , while its largest city is Ahmedabad . The Gujarati-speaking people of India are indigenous to the state . The economy of Gujarat is the fifth-largest state economy in India with ₹13.14 lakh crore ( US $ 180 billion ) in GDP and a per capita GDP of ₹174,000 ( US $ 2,400 ) . Gujarat ranks fifteenth among Indian states in human development index . The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation , such as Lothal , Dholavira and Gola Dhoro . Lothal is believed to be one of the world 's first seaports . Gujarat 's coastal cities , chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat , served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires , and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties from the Western Satraps era . Along with Bihar and Nagaland , Gujarat is one of the three Indian states to prohibit the sale of alcohol . Gir Forest National Park in Gujarat is home of the only wild population of the Asiatic lion in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'C.T', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,147', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chidambaram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chidambaram', 'summary': 'Chidambaram is a town and municipality in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . It is the headquarters of the Chidambaram taluk . The town is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled , at different times , by the Pallavas until 9th century , Medieval Cholas , Later Cholas , Later Pandyas , Vijayanagar Empire , Marathas and the British . The town is known for the Thillai Nataraja Temple , and the annual chariot festival held in the months of December-January ( In the Tamil month of Marghazhi known as Margazhi Urchavam ) and June to July ( In the Tamil month of Aani known as Aani Thirumanjanam ) Chidambaram covers an area of 4.8 km2 ( 1.9 sq mi ) and had a population of 62,153 as of 2011 . It is administered by a Selective grade municipality . Teritiary sector involving tourism is the major occupation . Roadways are the major means of transportation with a total of 64.12 km ( 39.84 mi ) of district roads including one national highway passing through the town . As of 2011 , there were eleven government schools : six primary schools , three middle schools and two higher secondary schools in Chidambaram . Annamalai University , established in 1929 in Chidambaram , is one of the oldest and most prominent universities in the state .'}]}, {'value': 'Tamil nadu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamil_nadu', 'summary': "Tamil Nadu ( Tamil : [ ˈt̪amiɻ ˈn̪aːɽɯ ] ( listen ) ) , is one of the 28 states of India . Its capital and largest city is Chennai . Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , and Andhra Pradesh . It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north , by the Nilgiri Mountains , the Meghamalai Hills , and Kerala on the west , by the Bay of Bengal in the east , by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast , and by the Indian Ocean on the south . The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka . The region was ruled by several empires , including the three great empires - Chera , Chola and Pandyan empires , which shape the region 's cuisine , culture , and architecture . The British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai , then known as Madras , as a world-class city . Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines . The state is home to a number of historic buildings , multi-religious pilgrimage sites , hill stations and three World Heritage sites . Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population . The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹16.64 lakh crore ( US $ 230 billion ) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of ₹194,000 ( US $ 2,700 ) . Tamil Nadu has the sixth highest ranking among Indian states in human development index ."}]}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': '62,153', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai', 'summary': "Chennai ( /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ ( listen ) , Tamil : [ t͡ʃenːai ] ) , also known as Madras ( /məˈdrɑːs/ ( listen ) or /-ˈdræs/ , the official name until 1996 ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal , it is the biggest cultural , economic and educational centre of south India . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . The city together with the adjoining regions constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area , which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world . Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists . It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015 . The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India . Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India , and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists . As such , it is termed India 's health capital . Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India , at 35,000 in 2009 , 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016 . Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015 . Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index , and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil nadu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamil_nadu', 'summary': "Tamil Nadu ( Tamil : [ ˈt̪amiɻ ˈn̪aːɽɯ ] ( listen ) ) , is one of the 28 states of India . Its capital and largest city is Chennai . Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , and Andhra Pradesh . It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north , by the Nilgiri Mountains , the Meghamalai Hills , and Kerala on the west , by the Bay of Bengal in the east , by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast , and by the Indian Ocean on the south . The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka . The region was ruled by several empires , including the three great empires - Chera , Chola and Pandyan empires , which shape the region 's cuisine , culture , and architecture . The British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai , then known as Madras , as a world-class city . Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines . The state is home to a number of historic buildings , multi-religious pilgrimage sites , hill stations and three World Heritage sites . Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population . The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹16.64 lakh crore ( US $ 230 billion ) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of ₹194,000 ( US $ 2,700 ) . Tamil Nadu has the sixth highest ranking among Indian states in human development index ."}]}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,646,732', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chikkaballapur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chikkaballapur', 'summary': 'Chikkaballapur is the district headquarters of the newly created Chikkaballapur district in the state of Karnataka , India . It is located within 3 km of Muddenahalli ( the birthplace of eminent engineer and statesman Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya ) . A $ 400 million Pharmaceutical SEZ is coming up in Chikkaballapur on 325 acres ( 1.32 km2 ) , the first of its kind in India . Furthermore , the noted Traveler Bunglow is being converted into a state of the art Bus terminus . A new District Government Headquarters and police headquarters is being constructed at a cost of $ 5 million . In addition , the state government is releasing over $ 10 million to develop the city and expand underground sanitary systems . It is a regional transport and educational hub , and is a major site for grape , grain , and silk cultivation . With recent development , it is widely believed that Chikkaballapur will become part of Greater Bangalore .'}]}, {'value': 'Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnataka', 'summary': 'Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken .'}]}, {'value': 'C.M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '63,652', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chintamani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chintamani,_Karnataka', 'summary': 'Chintamani is a Taluk Headquarters in the Indian state of Karnataka . Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka . Chintamani is one of the well planned and developed Towns in the District of Kolar ( before splitting ) and presently Chikkaballapur . Chintamani is known for its Silk and Tomato production and their largest markets in Karnataka .'}]}, {'value': 'Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnataka', 'summary': 'Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken .'}]}, {'value': 'C.M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '76,068', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chirala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chirala', 'summary': 'Chirala ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) , is a town in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is a municipality and the headquarters of Chirala mandal in Ongole revenue division . As of 2011 [ update ] , it had a population of above 250,000 . Chirala is the most populated town in Bapatla Lok Shaba Parliamentary Constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'Andhra Pradesh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh', 'summary': 'Andhra Pradesh ( /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/ ) ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is one of the 28 states of India , situated in the south-eastern part of the country . It is the eight-largest state in India , covering an area of 162,975 km2 ( 62,925 sq mi ) . As per the 2011 census , it is the tenth-most populous state , with 49,386,799 inhabitants . The largest city in Andhra Pradesh is Visakhapatnam . Telugu , one of the classical languages of India , is the major and official language of Andhra Pradesh . The north-western portion of Andhra Pradesh was separated to form the new state of Telangana on 2 June 2014 , and Hyderabad , the longtime capital of Andhra Pradesh , was transferred to Telangana as part of the division . However , in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , Hyderabad was to remain the acting capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding ten years . Andhra Pradesh has a coastline of 974 km ( 605 mi ) - the second-longest coastline among the states of India , after Gujarat - with jurisdiction over almost 15,000 km2 of territorial waters . The state is bordered by Telangana in the north-west , Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the north-east , Karnataka in the west , Tamil Nadu in the south , and to the east lies the Bay of Bengal . The small enclave of Yanam , a district of Puducherry , lies to the south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta on the eastern side of the state . The state is made up of the two major regions of Rayalaseema , in the inland southwestern part of the state , and Coastal Andhra to the east and northeast , bordering the Bay of Bengal . The state comprises thirteen districts in total , nine of which are located in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '87,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chirkunda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chirkunda', 'summary': 'Chirkunda is a city and a notified area in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the state of Jharkhand , India .'}]}, {'value': 'Jharkhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jharkhand', 'summary': 'Jharkhand ( lit . Bushland or The land of forest ) is a state in eastern India . The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north , Uttar Pradesh to the northwest , Chhattisgarh to the west , Odisha to the south and West Bengal to the east . It has an area of 79,710 km2 ( 30,778 sq mi ) . It is the 15th largest state by area , and the 14th largest by population . Hindi is the official language of the state . The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub capital . The state is known for its waterfalls , hills and holy places ; Baidyanath Dham , Parasnath and Rajrappa are major religious sites . The region has been inhabited since the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period , as shown by several ancient cave paintings . Even evidence of use of iron started in this region as early as 1400 BCE . The region was under the rule of many sovereign and autonomous ruling dynasties including Maurya , Gupta , Gauda , Pala , Nagvanshi , Khayaravala , Ramgarh Raj , Raksel , Chero and Kharagdiha Zamindari estates . In the 16th century Mughal influence reached the region , and it finally came under the East India Company in the 18th century .'}]}, {'value': 'NP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '45,508', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chirmiri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chirmiri', 'summary': 'Chirmiri is a hill station and a Municipal Corporation in the Koriya district of the state of Chhattisgarh , India .'}]}, {'value': 'Chhattisgarh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chhattisgarh', 'summary': 'Chhattisgarh ( Chhattīsgaṛh , Hindi pronunciation : [ /ˈtʃʰət̪ːisgəɽʱ/ ] , translation : Thirty-Six Forts ) is one of the 28 states of India , located in the centre-east of the country . It is the ninth-largest state in India , with an area of 135,192 km2 ( 52,198 sq mi ) . With a 2011 population of 25.5 million , Chhattisgarh is the 16th-most populated state in the country . A resource-rich state , it is a source of electricity and steel for the country , accounting for 15% of the total steel produced as well as large contributor of coal . Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India . The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning ten Chhattisgarhi and six Gondi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh . The capital city is Raipur . Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the northwest , Uttar Pradesh in the north , Jharkhand in northeast , Maharashtra in the southwest , Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the south , and Odisha in the southeast . Currently the state comprises 30 districts . The Gross State Domestic Product ( GSDP ) of Chhattisgarh is ₹3.63 lakh crore ( US $ 51 billion ) and the per capita GSDP ₹102,762 ( US $ 1,400 )'}]}, {'value': 'M.Corp', 'urls': []}, {'value': '69,307', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'C', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_populated_places_in_Adilabad_district_2', 'intro': 'The entire work of this article is based on Census of India, 2011, conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, under Ministry of Home Affairs (India), Government of India.'} | null | null | What is the altitude above sea level of the town with a population of 27,771 ? | 1600m |
0bcade3184b686d3 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Venezuela_2012', 'title': 'Miss Venezuela 2012', 'header': ['State', 'Contestant', 'Age', 'Height', 'Hometown'], 'data': [{'value': 'Amazonas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amazonas,_Venezuela', 'summary': "Amazonas State ( Spanish : Estado Amazonas , IPA : [ esˈtaðo amaˈsonas ] ) is one of the 23 states ( estados ) into which Venezuela is divided . It covers nearly a fifth of the area of Venezuela , but has less than 1% of Venezuela 's population ."}]}, {'value': 'Hylenne Lyanne Báez Flores', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '175 cm ( 5 ft 9 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tumeremo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sifontes_Municipality', 'summary': 'The Sifontes Municipality is one of the 11 municipalities ( municipios ) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Bolívar and , according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela , the municipality has a population of 50,082 . The town of Tumeremo was the shire town of the Sifontes Municipality .'}]}, {'value': 'Anzoátegui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anzoátegui', 'summary': 'Anzoátegui State ( Spanish : Estado Anzoátegui , IPA : [ esˈtaðo ansoˈateɣi ] ) is one of the 23 component states of Venezuela , located in the northeastern region of the country . Anzoátegui is well known for its beaches that attract many visitors . Its coast consists of a single beach approximately 100 km ( 62 mi ) long . Its capital is the city of Barcelona , and significant cities include Puerto la Cruz and El Tigre .'}]}, {'value': 'Yoelys Adriana Escalante Salas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '178 cm ( 5 ft 10 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Cristóbal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Cristóbal,_Táchira', 'summary': 'San Cristóbal ( Spanish pronunciation : [ saŋ kɾisˈtoβal ] ) is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira . It is located in a mountainous region of Western Venezuela . The city is situated 818 metres ( 2,684 ft ) above sea level in the northern Andes overlooking the Torbes River , 56 kilometres ( 35 mi ) from the Colombian border . San Cristóbal was founded on March 31 , 1561 , by Juan de Maldonado . From its inception , the city evolved rapidly as one of the most progressive and important centers of commerce in the country , due primarily to its rich soil and its proximity to the border with Colombia .'}]}, {'value': 'Apure', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apure_(state)', 'summary': 'Apure State ( Spanish : Estado Apure , IPA : [ esˈtaðo aˈpuɾe ] ) is one of the 23 states ( estados ) into which Venezuela is divided . Its territory formed part of the provinces of Mérida , Maracaibo , and Barinas , in accordance with successive territorial ordinations pronounced by the colonial authorities . In 1824 the Department of Apure was created , under jurisdiction of Barinas , which laid the foundations for the current entity . In 1856 it separated from Barinas and for the first time Apure appeared as an independent province , which in 1864 acquired the status of state . In 1881 , however , a new territorial division combined Apure and Guayana to form a single state named Bolívar . In 1899 it reestablished its autonomy and finally , by means of the Constitution of 1909 , gained its current borders .'}]}, {'value': 'Mariana Carolina Romero Pérez', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '176 cm ( 5 ft 9 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caracas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caracas', 'summary': 'Caracas ( /kəˈrækəs , -ˈrɑːk-/ , Spanish : [ kaˈɾakas ] ) , officially Santiago de León de Caracas , abbreviated as CCS , is the capital and largest city of Venezuela , and the centre of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas ( or Greater Caracas ) . Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country , following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range ( Cordillera de la Costa ) . Terrain suitable for building lies between 760 and 1,140 m ( 2,490 and 3,740 ft ) above sea level , although there is some settlement above this range . The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea , separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-metre-high ( 7,200 ft ) mountain range , Cerro El Ávila ; to the south there are more hills and mountains . The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 3 million inhabitants . It is the seventh largest metropolitan area in terms of population in Latin America . Strictly speaking , the centre of the city is still Catedral , located near Bolívar Square , even though it is assumed that it is Plaza Venezuela , located in the Los Caobos neighbourhood . Chacaíto area , Luis Brión Square and El Rosal neighborhood are also considered the geographic center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas . Businesses in the city include service companies , banks , and malls . Caracas has a largely service-based economy , apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area . The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petróleos de Venezuela ( PDVSA ) are headquartered in Caracas . PDVSA is the largest company in Venezuela .'}]}, {'value': 'Aragua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aragua', 'summary': "Aragua State ( Spanish : Estado Aragua , IPA : [ esˈtaðo aˈɾaɣwa ] ) is located in the north-central region of Venezuela . It has plains and jungles and Caribbean beaches . The most popular are Cata and Choroni . It has Venezuela 's first national park which is called Henri Pittier ."}]}, {'value': 'Nicelín Elián Herrera Vásquez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elián_Herrera_(model)', 'summary': 'Elián Herrera is a Venezuelan model , beauty pageant titleholder and volleyball player . She represented Aragua state at Miss Venezuela 2012 . On August 30 , 2012 during the Miss Venezuela 2012 pageant , Elián finished as 1st Runner-Up and was crowned Miss Venezuela International 2012 . She represented Venezuela in Miss International 2013 but failed to place in the semifinals yet she got the third place at the Miss Internet on line poll . Elián is an avid sportswoman , she was part of the Venezuela National Female Volleyball team . She represented Venezuela during the Juegos Suramericanos Juveniles in 2009 . Before the pageant , she was playing for the Aragua volleyball team in the Venezuelan league . She helped her team win the national championships in 2010 and 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '184 cm ( 6 ft ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maracay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maracay', 'summary': 'Maracay ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maɾaˈkai̯ ] ) is a city in north-central Venezuela , near the Caribbean coast , and is the capital and most important city of the state of Aragua . Most of it falls under the jurisdiction of Girardot Municipality . The population of Maracay and its surroundings in the 2011 census was 955,362 . In Venezuela , Maracay is known as Ciudad Jardín ( Garden City ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Barinas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barinas_(state)', 'summary': 'Barinas State ( Spanish : Estado Barinas , IPA : [ esˈtaðo βaˈɾinas ] ) is one of the 23 states ( estados ) into which Venezuela is divided . The state capital is Barinas . Barinas State covers a total surface area of 35,200 km2 ( 13,600 sq mi ) and , in 2015 , had an estimated population of 970,689 .'}]}, {'value': 'María Teresa Solano Lobo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '173 cm ( 5 ft 8 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caracas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caracas', 'summary': 'Caracas ( /kəˈrækəs , -ˈrɑːk-/ , Spanish : [ kaˈɾakas ] ) , officially Santiago de León de Caracas , abbreviated as CCS , is the capital and largest city of Venezuela , and the centre of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas ( or Greater Caracas ) . Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country , following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range ( Cordillera de la Costa ) . Terrain suitable for building lies between 760 and 1,140 m ( 2,490 and 3,740 ft ) above sea level , although there is some settlement above this range . The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea , separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-metre-high ( 7,200 ft ) mountain range , Cerro El Ávila ; to the south there are more hills and mountains . The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 3 million inhabitants . It is the seventh largest metropolitan area in terms of population in Latin America . Strictly speaking , the centre of the city is still Catedral , located near Bolívar Square , even though it is assumed that it is Plaza Venezuela , located in the Los Caobos neighbourhood . Chacaíto area , Luis Brión Square and El Rosal neighborhood are also considered the geographic center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas . Businesses in the city include service companies , banks , and malls . Caracas has a largely service-based economy , apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area . The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petróleos de Venezuela ( PDVSA ) are headquartered in Caracas . PDVSA is the largest company in Venezuela .'}]}, {'value': 'Bolivar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bolivar_(state)', 'summary': 'Bolívar ( Spanish : Estado Bolívar , IPA : [ esˈtaðo βoˈliβaɾ ] ) is one of the 23 states ( estados ) into which Venezuela is divided . The state capital city is Ciudad Bolívar , but the largest city is Ciudad Guayana . Bolívar State covers a total surface area of 242,801 km2 ( 93,746 sq mi ) and as of the 2011 census , had a population of 1,410,964 .'}]}, {'value': 'Keilys del Carmen Rivero Rosillo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '180 cm ( 5 ft 11 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puerto Ordaz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Ordaz', 'summary': "Ciudad Guayana ( Spanish pronunciation : [ sjuˈðað ɣwaˈʝana ] ) is a city in Bolívar State , Venezuela . It stretches 40 kilometers along the south bank of the Orinoco river , at the point where it is joined by its main tributary , the Caroní river . The Caroni crosses the city south-north and divides it on its two main halves : the old town of San Félix in the east , and the new town of Puerto Ordaz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpweɾto oɾˈðas ] ) in the west . The city was officially founded in 1961 by the unification of this two former settlements , but the history of San Félix goes back to its foundation in 1724 . Within the city limits are located the site of Cachamay Falls and Llovizna Falls . There are three bridges across the Caroni and the second crossing over the Orinoco , the Orinoquia Bridge , was inaugurated in the city in 2006 . With approximately one million people , it is Venezuela 's fastest-growing city [ citation needed ] due to its important iron , steel , aluminium and hydroelectric industries . Ciudad Guayana is one of Venezuela 's five most important ports , since most goods produced in the industry-rich Bolívar state are shipped through it , as ocean-going vessels can sail to it from the Atlantic Ocean up the Orinoco river . Due to its planned nature , the city has a drastically different feel from many other South American cities . The towers of the Alta Vista district recall Barranquilla , and many of the residential neighborhoods have architecture and landscaping that are similar to suburbs in the United States in the 1950s , including 'cookie cutter ' homes , sidewalks , and patterned lawns . This is an artifact due to the presence in the 1960s and early 1970s of US Steel , an American company with iron mining operations in the region . US Steel built housing for hundreds of its American expatriate workers and families , who lived in Puerto Ordaz and other communities until the nationalization of the Venezuelan steel industry forced the company and its workers to leave ."}]}, {'value': 'Carabobo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carabobo', 'summary': "Carabobo State ( Spanish : Estado Carabobo , IPA : [ esˈtaðo kaɾaˈβoβo ] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela , located in the north of the country , about two hours by car from Caracas . The capital city of this state is Valencia , which is also the country 's main industrial center . The state 's area is 4,369 km2 ( 1,687 sq mi ) and as of the 2011 census , had a population of 2,245,744 ."}]}, {'value': 'María Luisa Zerpa Lera', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '182 cm ( 5 ft 11 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valencia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valencia,_Venezuela', 'summary': "Valencia ( Spanish pronunciation : [ baˈlensja ] ) is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela . The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela 's top industries and manufacturing companies . The population of Valencia and the nearby metropolitan area reached 1,827,165 in 2010 , and it is expected to grow dramatically in the years to come . It is also the largest city in the Valencia-Maracay metropolitan region , which with a population of about 4.5 million is the country 's second largest after that of Caracas . Caracas lies some 172 kilometres ( 107 miles ) away to the east ."}]}, {'value': 'Cojedes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cojedes_(state)', 'summary': 'Cojedes State ( Spanish : Estado Cojedes , IPA : [ esˈtaðo koˈxeðes ] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . The state capital is San Carlos . Cojedes State covers a total surface area of 14,800 km2 ( 5,700 sq mi ) and , in 2011 , had a census population of 323,165 .'}]}, {'value': 'Milunay Freites Hull', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '182 cm ( 5 ft 11 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ciudad Ojeda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ciudad_Ojeda', 'summary': 'Ciudad Ojeda is a city located in the northeastern shore of Lake Maracaibo in Zulia State in northwestern Venezuela . Its population as of the 2005 census was listed as 128,941 .'}]}, {'value': 'Distrito Capital', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caracas', 'summary': 'Caracas ( /kəˈrækəs , -ˈrɑːk-/ , Spanish : [ kaˈɾakas ] ) , officially Santiago de León de Caracas , abbreviated as CCS , is the capital and largest city of Venezuela , and the centre of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas ( or Greater Caracas ) . Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country , following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range ( Cordillera de la Costa ) . Terrain suitable for building lies between 760 and 1,140 m ( 2,490 and 3,740 ft ) above sea level , although there is some settlement above this range . The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea , separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-metre-high ( 7,200 ft ) mountain range , Cerro El Ávila ; to the south there are more hills and mountains . The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 3 million inhabitants . It is the seventh largest metropolitan area in terms of population in Latin America . Strictly speaking , the centre of the city is still Catedral , located near Bolívar Square , even though it is assumed that it is Plaza Venezuela , located in the Los Caobos neighbourhood . Chacaíto area , Luis Brión Square and El Rosal neighborhood are also considered the geographic center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas . Businesses in the city include service companies , banks , and malls . Caracas has a largely service-based economy , apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area . The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petróleos de Venezuela ( PDVSA ) are headquartered in Caracas . PDVSA is the largest company in Venezuela .'}]}, {'value': 'Daniela Xanadú Chalbaud Maldonado', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '176 cm ( 5 ft 9 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caracas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caracas', 'summary': 'Caracas ( /kəˈrækəs , -ˈrɑːk-/ , Spanish : [ kaˈɾakas ] ) , officially Santiago de León de Caracas , abbreviated as CCS , is the capital and largest city of Venezuela , and the centre of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas ( or Greater Caracas ) . Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country , following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range ( Cordillera de la Costa ) . Terrain suitable for building lies between 760 and 1,140 m ( 2,490 and 3,740 ft ) above sea level , although there is some settlement above this range . The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea , separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-metre-high ( 7,200 ft ) mountain range , Cerro El Ávila ; to the south there are more hills and mountains . The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 3 million inhabitants . It is the seventh largest metropolitan area in terms of population in Latin America . Strictly speaking , the centre of the city is still Catedral , located near Bolívar Square , even though it is assumed that it is Plaza Venezuela , located in the Los Caobos neighbourhood . Chacaíto area , Luis Brión Square and El Rosal neighborhood are also considered the geographic center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas . Businesses in the city include service companies , banks , and malls . Caracas has a largely service-based economy , apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area . The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petróleos de Venezuela ( PDVSA ) are headquartered in Caracas . PDVSA is the largest company in Venezuela .'}]}, {'value': 'Falcon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falcon_(state)', 'summary': 'Falcón State ( Spanish : Estado Falcón , IPA : [ esˈtaðo falˈkon ] ) is one of the 23 states ( estados ) that constitute Venezuela . The state capital is Coro .'}]}, {'value': 'Alyz Sabimar Henrich Ocando', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alyz_Henrich', 'summary': 'Alyz Sabimar Henrich Ocando ( born October 19 , 1990 ) is a Venezuelan model , environmentalist , humanitarian advocate and beauty queen . She represented Falcón state at Miss Venezuela 2012 pageant where she was crowned Miss Venezuela Earth . On December 7 , Henrich was crowned Miss Earth 2013 in the Philippines . She is the second Miss Earth winner from Venezuela next to Alexandra Braun and the first Miss Earth winner from Osmel Sousa owned Miss Venezuela . Alyz is the chairwoman of the Miss Earth Venezuela Organization . By winning Miss Earth crown , Venezuela made a history by becoming the first country to win all the Big Four international beauty pageants multiple times .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '176 cm ( 5 ft 9 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Punto Fijo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punto_Fijo', 'summary': 'Punto Fijo is the capital city of the municipality of Carirubana in northern Falcón State , Venezuela . It is located on the southwestern coast of the Paraguaná Peninsula . Its metropolitan area includes the parishes of Norte , Carirubana , Punta Cardón and the parish of Judibana in the municipality of Los Taques . Punto Fijo is the largest city in Falcón State .'}]}, {'value': 'Guárico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guárico', 'summary': 'Guárico State ( Spanish : Estado Guárico , IPA : [ esˈtaðo ˈɣwaɾiko ] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . The state capital is San Juan de Los Morros . Guárico State covers a total surface area of 64,986 km2 ( 25,091 sq mi ) and , in 2011 , had a census population of 747,739 . It is named for the Guárico River .'}]}, {'value': 'María Gabriela de Jesús Isler Morales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gabriela_Isler', 'summary': 'María Gabriela de Jesús Isler Morales ( born 21 March 1988 ) is a Venezuelan TV host , fashion model and former beauty pageant title holder who represented Venezuela and was crowned Miss Universe 2013 , gaining placement as the seventh Miss Universe of her country . Isler is the founder of Universe of Blessings Fund , a charity organization devoted to female empowerment and counseling . In addition , Isler is currently the national director of Venezuela , succeeding the famed beauty queen maker , Osmel Sousa .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '182 cm ( 5 ft 11 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maracay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maracay', 'summary': 'Maracay ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maɾaˈkai̯ ] ) is a city in north-central Venezuela , near the Caribbean coast , and is the capital and most important city of the state of Aragua . Most of it falls under the jurisdiction of Girardot Municipality . The population of Maracay and its surroundings in the 2011 census was 955,362 . In Venezuela , Maracay is known as Ciudad Jardín ( Garden City ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Lara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lara_(state)', 'summary': 'Lara State ( Spanish : Estado Lara , IPA : [ esˈtaðo ˈlaɾa ] ) is one of the 23 states ( estados ) into which Venezuela is divided . The state capital is Barquisimeto . Lara State covers a total surface area of 19,800 km2 ( 7,600 sq mi ) and , in 2015 , had a census population of 2,019,211 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vicmary Alejandra Rivero Rodríguez', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '176 cm ( 5 ft 9 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barquisimeto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barquisimeto', 'summary': 'Barquisimeto ( Spanish pronunciation : [ baɾkisiˈmeto ] ) is a city in Venezuela . It is the capital of the state of Lara and head of Iribarren Municipality . It is an important urban , industrial , commercial and transportation center of the country , recognized as the fourth-largest city by population and area in Venezuela after Caracas , Maracaibo and Valencia .'}]}, {'value': 'Mérida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mérida_(state)', 'summary': "The State of Mérida commonly known simply as Mérida ' ( Spanish : Estado Bolivariano de Mérida ) , IPA : [ esˈtaðo ðe ˈmeɾiða ] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . The state capital is Mérida , in the Libertador Municipality . Located in the Western Andean Region , Mérida State covers a total surface area of 11,300 square kilometres ( 4,363 sq mi ) , making it the fifteenth-largest in Venezuela . In 2011 , had a census population of 828,592 , the fourteenth most populous ."}]}, {'value': 'Claudia Baratta Sarcinelli', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '173 cm ( 5 ft 8 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Cristóbal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Cristóbal,_Táchira', 'summary': 'San Cristóbal ( Spanish pronunciation : [ saŋ kɾisˈtoβal ] ) is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira . It is located in a mountainous region of Western Venezuela . The city is situated 818 metres ( 2,684 ft ) above sea level in the northern Andes overlooking the Torbes River , 56 kilometres ( 35 mi ) from the Colombian border . San Cristóbal was founded on March 31 , 1561 , by Juan de Maldonado . From its inception , the city evolved rapidly as one of the most progressive and important centers of commerce in the country , due primarily to its rich soil and its proximity to the border with Colombia .'}]}, {'value': 'Miranda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miranda_(state)', 'summary': 'Miranda State ( Spanish : Estado Miranda , IPA : [ esˈtaðo miˈɾanda ] ) is one of the 23 states ( estados ) of Venezuela and the second most populous after Zulia State . As of the 2011 census , it had a population of 2,675,165 residents . It also has the greatest Human Development Index in Venezuela , according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics ( Instituto Nacional de Estadistica , Caracas ) . The most recent population estimate was 3,194,390 in mid-2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Oriana Lucchese Baez', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '183 cm ( 6 ft 0 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valencia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valencia,_Venezuela', 'summary': "Valencia ( Spanish pronunciation : [ baˈlensja ] ) is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela . The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela 's top industries and manufacturing companies . The population of Valencia and the nearby metropolitan area reached 1,827,165 in 2010 , and it is expected to grow dramatically in the years to come . It is also the largest city in the Valencia-Maracay metropolitan region , which with a population of about 4.5 million is the country 's second largest after that of Caracas . Caracas lies some 172 kilometres ( 107 miles ) away to the east ."}]}, {'value': 'Monagas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monagas', 'summary': 'Monagas State ( Spanish : Estado Monagas , IPA : [ esˈtaðo moˈnaɣas ] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela .'}]}, {'value': 'Angela Karli Osmaira Ducallín Spadavecchia', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '175 cm ( 5 ft 9 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maracay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maracay', 'summary': 'Maracay ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maɾaˈkai̯ ] ) is a city in north-central Venezuela , near the Caribbean coast , and is the capital and most important city of the state of Aragua . Most of it falls under the jurisdiction of Girardot Municipality . The population of Maracay and its surroundings in the 2011 census was 955,362 . In Venezuela , Maracay is known as Ciudad Jardín ( Garden City ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Nueva Esparta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nueva_Esparta', 'summary': 'Nueva Sparta State , in Spanish Estado Nueva Esparta ( IPA : [ esˈtaðo ˈnweβa esˈpaɾta ] ) , is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . It comprises Margarita Island , Coche , and the largely uninhabited Cubagua . The state is the smallest one in area , and is located off the northeast Caribbean coast of Venezuela . It is the only insular state of Venezuela ( not including the Federal Dependencies , a federal territory but not a state ) . The main island of Margarita has an area of 1,020 km2 ( 390 sq mi ) . Its capital city is La Asunción , and the main urban center is Porlamar .'}]}, {'value': 'Fabiola del Valle Castillo Marcano', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '175 cm ( 5 ft 9 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puerto Ordaz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Ordaz', 'summary': "Ciudad Guayana ( Spanish pronunciation : [ sjuˈðað ɣwaˈʝana ] ) is a city in Bolívar State , Venezuela . It stretches 40 kilometers along the south bank of the Orinoco river , at the point where it is joined by its main tributary , the Caroní river . The Caroni crosses the city south-north and divides it on its two main halves : the old town of San Félix in the east , and the new town of Puerto Ordaz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpweɾto oɾˈðas ] ) in the west . The city was officially founded in 1961 by the unification of this two former settlements , but the history of San Félix goes back to its foundation in 1724 . Within the city limits are located the site of Cachamay Falls and Llovizna Falls . There are three bridges across the Caroni and the second crossing over the Orinoco , the Orinoquia Bridge , was inaugurated in the city in 2006 . With approximately one million people , it is Venezuela 's fastest-growing city [ citation needed ] due to its important iron , steel , aluminium and hydroelectric industries . Ciudad Guayana is one of Venezuela 's five most important ports , since most goods produced in the industry-rich Bolívar state are shipped through it , as ocean-going vessels can sail to it from the Atlantic Ocean up the Orinoco river . Due to its planned nature , the city has a drastically different feel from many other South American cities . The towers of the Alta Vista district recall Barranquilla , and many of the residential neighborhoods have architecture and landscaping that are similar to suburbs in the United States in the 1950s , including 'cookie cutter ' homes , sidewalks , and patterned lawns . This is an artifact due to the presence in the 1960s and early 1970s of US Steel , an American company with iron mining operations in the region . US Steel built housing for hundreds of its American expatriate workers and families , who lived in Puerto Ordaz and other communities until the nationalization of the Venezuelan steel industry forced the company and its workers to leave ."}]}, {'value': 'Península Goajira', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guajira_Peninsula', 'summary': 'Guajira Peninsula [ gwaˈxiɾa , gwaˈhiɾa ] ( Spanish : Peninsula de La Guajira , also spelled Goajira , mainly in colonial period texts ) , is a peninsula in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela in the Caribbean . It is the northernmost peninsula in South America and has an area of 25,000 km2 ( 9,700 sq mi ) extending from the Manaure Bay ( Colombia ) to the Calabozo Ensenada in the Gulf of Venezuela ( Venezuela ) , and from the Caribbean to the Serranía del Perijá mountains range . It was the subject of a historic dispute between Venezuela and Colombia in 1891 , and on arbitration was awarded to the latter and joined to its Magdalena Department . Nowadays , most of the territory is part of Colombia , making it part of La Guajira Department . The remaining strip is part of the Venezuelan Zulia State . The northernmost part of the peninsula is called Punta Gallinas ( 12° 28´ N ) and is also considered the northernmost part of mainland South America .'}]}, {'value': 'Rocireé del Carmen Silva Fernandez', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '179 cm ( 5 ft 10 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinamaica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinamaica', 'summary': 'Sinamaica is the seat of Páez Municipality , in Zulia State , Venezuela . It is a village of about 2,000 people .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguesa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguesa_(state)', 'summary': 'Portuguesa State ( Spanish : Estado Portuguesa , IPA : [ esˈtaðo poɾtuˈɣesa ] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . Located in the west of the Republic , it is considered the breadbasket of Venezuela for the large amount of agricultural products produced there . The state is bordered on the north by the state of Lara , on the east by Cojedes , on the west by Trujillo and south by Barinas . As of the 2011 census , it had a population of 876,496 . The state government is located in the city of Guanare , founded in 1591 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nerys Margarita Díaz Ramirez', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '176 cm ( 5 ft 9 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maracaibo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maracaibo', 'summary': 'Maracaibo ( /ˌmærəˈkaɪboʊ/ ; Spanish pronunciation : [ maɾaˈkaiβo ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the municipal seat of Maracaibo Municipality in northwestern Venezuela , on the western shore of the strait that connects Lake Maracaibo to the Gulf of Venezuela . It is the second-largest city in Venezuela , after the national capital , Caracas , and the capital of the state of Zulia . The population of the city is approximately 2,658,355 with the metropolitan area estimated at 5,278,448 as of 2010 [ update ] . Maracaibo is nicknamed The Beloved Land of the Sun ( Spanish : La Tierra del Sol Amada ) . Maracaibo is considered the economic center of the western part of Venezuela , owing to the petroleum industry that developed in the shores of Lake Maracaibo . It is sometimes known as The First City of Venezuela , for being the first city in Venezuela to adopt various types of public services , including electricity , as well as for being located adjacent to shores of Lake Maracaibo , where the name of Venezuela allegedly originates . Early indigenous settlements around the area were of Arawak and Carib origin . Maracaibos founding date is disputed . There were failed attempts to found the city - in 1529 , by Captain Ambrosio Ehinger , and in 1569 , by Captain Alonso Pacheco . Founded in 1574 as Nueva Zamora de la Laguna de Maracaibo by Captain Captain Pedro Maldonado , the city became a transshipment point for inland settlements after Gibraltar , at the head of the lake , had been destroyed by pirates in 1669 . It was not until the first decades of the 17th century that the first town was settled . Petroleum was discovered in 1917 , leading to a large increase in population from migration .'}]}, {'value': 'Sucre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sucre_(state)', 'summary': 'Sucre State ( Spanish : Estado Sucre , IPA : [ esˈtaðo ˈsukɾe ] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . The state capital is Cumaná . Sucre State covers a total surface area of 11,800 km2 ( 4,600 sq mi ) and , as of the 2011 census , had a population of 896,921 . The most important river in the state is the Manzanares River .'}]}, {'value': 'Ingrid Karina Smith Quijada', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '180 cm ( 5 ft 11 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puerto Ordaz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Ordaz', 'summary': "Ciudad Guayana ( Spanish pronunciation : [ sjuˈðað ɣwaˈʝana ] ) is a city in Bolívar State , Venezuela . It stretches 40 kilometers along the south bank of the Orinoco river , at the point where it is joined by its main tributary , the Caroní river . The Caroni crosses the city south-north and divides it on its two main halves : the old town of San Félix in the east , and the new town of Puerto Ordaz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpweɾto oɾˈðas ] ) in the west . The city was officially founded in 1961 by the unification of this two former settlements , but the history of San Félix goes back to its foundation in 1724 . Within the city limits are located the site of Cachamay Falls and Llovizna Falls . There are three bridges across the Caroni and the second crossing over the Orinoco , the Orinoquia Bridge , was inaugurated in the city in 2006 . With approximately one million people , it is Venezuela 's fastest-growing city [ citation needed ] due to its important iron , steel , aluminium and hydroelectric industries . Ciudad Guayana is one of Venezuela 's five most important ports , since most goods produced in the industry-rich Bolívar state are shipped through it , as ocean-going vessels can sail to it from the Atlantic Ocean up the Orinoco river . Due to its planned nature , the city has a drastically different feel from many other South American cities . The towers of the Alta Vista district recall Barranquilla , and many of the residential neighborhoods have architecture and landscaping that are similar to suburbs in the United States in the 1950s , including 'cookie cutter ' homes , sidewalks , and patterned lawns . This is an artifact due to the presence in the 1960s and early 1970s of US Steel , an American company with iron mining operations in the region . US Steel built housing for hundreds of its American expatriate workers and families , who lived in Puerto Ordaz and other communities until the nationalization of the Venezuelan steel industry forced the company and its workers to leave ."}]}, {'value': 'Táchira', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Táchira', 'summary': 'Táchira State ( Spanish : Estado Táchira , IPA : [ esˈtaðo ˈtatʃiɾa ] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . The state capital is San Cristóbal .'}]}, {'value': 'Ivanna Mariam Vale Colman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivanna_Vale', 'summary': 'Ivanna Vale is a Venezuelan model and beauty pageant titleholder . She represented Táchira state at Miss Venezuela 2012 and won the Miss Coffee International or the Reinado Internacional del Café 2013 in Manizales ( Colombia ) on 12 January 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '175 cm ( 5 ft 9 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Cristóbal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Cristóbal,_Táchira', 'summary': 'San Cristóbal ( Spanish pronunciation : [ saŋ kɾisˈtoβal ] ) is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira . It is located in a mountainous region of Western Venezuela . The city is situated 818 metres ( 2,684 ft ) above sea level in the northern Andes overlooking the Torbes River , 56 kilometres ( 35 mi ) from the Colombian border . San Cristóbal was founded on March 31 , 1561 , by Juan de Maldonado . From its inception , the city evolved rapidly as one of the most progressive and important centers of commerce in the country , due primarily to its rich soil and its proximity to the border with Colombia .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Official Contestants', 'section_text': '24 candidates competed for the title .', 'uid': 'Miss_Venezuela_2012_0', 'intro': 'Miss Venezuela 2012 was the 59th edition of the Miss Venezuela pageant held on August 30, 2012 at the Hotel Tamanaco Intercontinental in Caracas, Venezuela. At the end of the event, outgoing titleholder Irene Esser crowned Gabriela Isler of Guárico as her successor. The queens of this edition went on to have successful runs in many international beauty pageants such as Gabriela Isler and Alyz Henrich, winners of Miss Universe 2013 and Miss Earth 2013 respectively.'} | null | null | Which contestant from the Caribbean coast , is the founder of the charity Universe of Blessings Fund ? | María Gabriela de Jesús Isler Morales |
0bcb40940fd4105f | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_film_directors', 'title': 'List of highest-grossing film directors', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Highest-grossing film', 'Total worldwide box office'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steven Spielberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steven_Spielberg', 'summary': "Steven Allan Spielberg ( /ˈspiːlbɜːrɡ/ ; born December 18 , 1946 ) is an American filmmaker . He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era and one of the most popular directors and producers in film history . Spielberg started in Hollywood directing television and several minor theatrical releases . He became a household name as the director of Jaws ( 1975 ) , which was critically and commercially successful and is considered the first summer blockbuster . His subsequent releases focused typically on science fiction/adventure films such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind ( 1977 ) , Raiders of the Lost Ark ( 1981 ) , E.T . the Extra-Terrestrial ( 1982 ) , and Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) , which became archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking . Spielberg transitioned into addressing serious issues in his later work with The Color Purple ( 1985 ) , Empire of the Sun ( 1987 ) , Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Amistad ( 1997 ) , and Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) . He has largely adhered to this practice during the 21st century , with Munich ( 2005 ) , Lincoln ( 2012 ) , Bridge of Spies ( 2015 ) , and The Post ( 2017 ) . He co-founded Amblin Entertainment and DreamWorks Studios , where he has also served as a producer or executive producer for several successful film trilogies , tetralogies and more including the Gremlins , Back to the Future , Men in Black , and the Transformers series . He later transitioned into producing several video games . Spielberg is one of the American film industry 's most critically successful filmmakers , with praise for his directing talent and versatility , and he has won the Academy Award for Best Director twice . Some of his movies are also among the highest-grossing films , while his total work makes him the highest-grossing film director in history ."}]}, {'value': 'Jurassic Park ( $ 1.030 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)', 'summary': "Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen . It is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise , and is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp . The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar , located off Central America 's Pacific Coast near Costa Rica . There , wealthy businessman John Hammond and a team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs . When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park 's power facilities and security precautions , a small group of visitors and Hammond 's grandchildren struggle to survive and escape the perilous island . Before Crichton 's novel was published , four studios put in bids for its film rights . With the backing of Universal Studios , Spielberg acquired the rights for $ 1.5 million before its publication in 1990 ; Crichton was hired for an additional $ 500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen . Koepp wrote the final draft , which left out much of the novel 's exposition and violence and made numerous changes to the characters . Filming took place in California and Hawaii between August and November 1992 , and post-production rolled until May 1993 , supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindler 's List . The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston 's team . To showcase the film 's sound design , which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur roars , Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS , a company specializing in digital surround sound formats . The film also underwent an extensive $ 65 million marketing campaign , which included licensing deals with over 100 companies ."}]}, {'value': '$ 10,548,456,861', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russo brothers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russo_brothers', 'summary': 'Anthony Russo ( born February 3 , 1970 ) and Joseph Russo ( born July 18 , 1971 ) , collectively known as the Russo Brothers ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈrusso ] ) , are American film and television directors . The brothers direct most of their work together and occasionally work as producers , screenwriters , actors , and editors . The Russo brothers are best known for directing four installments in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) , Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) , Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) , and Avengers : Endgame ( 2019 ) . Among these , Endgame grossed over $ 2.798 billion worldwide , thus becoming the highest-grossing film of all time . Apart from their MCU work , the brothers are also known for their work on the comedy series Arrested Development , for which they won an Emmy Award , and Community .'}]}, {'value': 'Avengers : Endgame ( $ 2.795 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame', 'summary': "Avengers : Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2012 's The Avengers , 2015 's Avengers : Age of Ultron , and 2018 's Avengers : Infinity War , and the twenty-second film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . It was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo and written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely , and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr. , Chris Evans , Mark Ruffalo , Chris Hemsworth , Scarlett Johansson , Jeremy Renner , Don Cheadle , Paul Rudd , Brie Larson , Karen Gillan , Danai Gurira , Benedict Wong , Jon Favreau , Bradley Cooper , Gwyneth Paltrow , and Josh Brolin . In the film , the surviving members of the Avengers and their allies attempt to reverse the damage caused by Thanos in Infinity War . The film was announced in October 2014 as Avengers : Infinity War - Part 2 , but Marvel later removed this title . The Russo brothers joined as directors in April 2015 , with Markus and McFeely signing on to write the script a month later . The film serves as a conclusion to the story of the MCU up to that point , ending the story arcs for several main characters . Filming began in August 2017 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County , Georgia , shooting back-to-back with Infinity War , and ended in January 2018 . Additional filming took place in the Metro and Downtown Atlanta areas , New York , Scotland , and England . The story revisits several moments from earlier films , bringing back actors and settings from throughout the franchise as well as music from previous films . The official title was revealed in December 2018 . With an estimated budget of $ 356 million , it is one of the most expensive films ever made ."}]}, {'value': '$ 6,844,248,566', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter Jackson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Jackson', 'summary': 'Sir Peter Robert Jackson ONZ KNZM ( born 31 October 1961 ) is a New Zealand film director , screenwriter , and film producer . He is best known as the director , writer , and producer of the Lord of the Rings trilogy ( 2001-03 ) and the Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) , both of which are adapted from the novels of the same name by J. R. R. Tolkien . Other films include the critically lauded drama Heavenly Creatures ( 1994 ) , the mockumentary film Forgotten Silver ( 1995 ) , the horror comedy The Frighteners ( 1996 ) , the epic monster remake film King Kong ( 2005 ) , the supernatural drama film The Lovely Bones ( 2009 ) , and the World War I documentary film They Shall Not Grow Old ( 2018 ) . He produced District 9 ( 2009 ) , The Adventures of Tintin ( 2011 ) , West of Memphis ( 2012 ) , and Mortal Engines ( 2018 ) . He is the third-highest grossing film director of all-time , his films having made over $ 6.5 billion worldwide . Jackson began his career with the splatstick horror comedy Bad Taste ( 1987 ) and the black comedy Meet the Feebles ( 1989 ) before filming the zombie comedy Braindead ( 1992 ) . He shared a nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay with his partner Fran Walsh for Heavenly Creatures , which brought him to mainstream prominence in the film industry . Jackson has been awarded three Academy Awards for The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King ( 2003 ) , including the award for Best Director . His other awards include a Golden Globe , four Saturn Awards and three BAFTAs among others . His production company is WingNut Films , and his most regular collaborators are co-writers and producers Walsh and Philippa Boyens . Jackson was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2002 . He was later knighted ( as a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit ) by Anand Satyanand , the Governor-General of New Zealand , at a ceremony in Wellington in April 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King ( $ 1.120 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King', 'summary': "The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King is a 2003 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson , based on the third volume of J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings . The film is the third instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and was produced by Barrie M. Osborne , Jackson and Fran Walsh , and written by Walsh , Philippa Boyens and Jackson . The film features an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood , Ian McKellen , Liv Tyler , Viggo Mortensen , Sean Astin , Cate Blanchett , John Rhys-Davies , Bernard Hill , Billy Boyd , Dominic Monaghan , Orlando Bloom , Hugo Weaving , Miranda Otto , David Wenham , Karl Urban , John Noble , Andy Serkis , Ian Holm , and Sean Bean . It was preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring ( 2001 ) and The Two Towers ( 2002 ) . Continuing the plot of The Two Towers , Frodo , Sam and Gollum are making their final way toward Mount Doom in Mordor in order to destroy the One Ring , unaware of Gollum 's true intentions , while Gandalf , Aragorn , Legolas , Gimli and the rest are joining forces together against Sauron and his legions in Minas Tirith . The Return of the King was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema , but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson 's native New Zealand , concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy . It premiered on 1 December 2003 at the Embassy Theatre in Wellington and was theatrically released on 17 December 2003 in the United States , and on 18 December 2003 in New Zealand . The film was highly acclaimed by critics and fans alike , who considered it to be a landmark in filmmaking and an achievement in the fantasy film genre . It grossed $ 1.142 billion worldwide , making it the highest-grossing film of 2003 and the second highest-grossing film of all time at the time of its release . The Return of the King is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential fantasy films ever made . The film received numerous accolades ; at the 76th Academy Awards it won all the eleven awards for which it was nominated : Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Art Direction , Best Costume Design , Best Film Editing , Best Makeup , Best Original Score , Best Original Song for Into the West , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects , therefore tying for the record for the most Academy Awards won by a single film and holding the record for the highest clean sweep at the Oscars ."}]}, {'value': '$ 6,546,042,615', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Bay', 'summary': "Michael Benjamin Bay ( born February 17 , 1965 ) is an American filmmaker known for directing and producing big-budget , high-concept action films characterized by fast cutting , stylistic visuals and extensive use of special effects , including frequent depictions of explosions . The films he has produced and directed , which include Armageddon ( 1998 ) , Pearl Harbor ( 2001 ) and the Transformers film series ( 2007-present ) , have grossed over US $ 7.8 billion worldwide , making him one of the most commercially successful directors in history . He is co-founder of commercial production house The Institute , a.k.a . The Institute for the Development of Enhanced Perceptual Awareness . He co-owns Platinum Dunes , a production house which has remade horror movies including The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ( 2003 ) , The Amityville Horror ( 2005 ) , The Hitcher ( 2007 ) , Friday the 13th ( 2009 ) and A Nightmare on Elm Street ( 2010 ) . Despite his commercial success at the box office , Bay 's work is generally held in low esteem by film critics . While The Rock ( 1996 ) and Transformers ( 2007 ) received moderately positive reviews , his other films , including the four Transformers sequels , have been received negatively by critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Transformers : Dark of the Moon ( $ 1.123 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Transformers:_Dark_of_the_Moon', 'summary': "Transformers : Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay , and it is based on the Transformers toy line . It is the third installment in the live-action Transformers film series , and is the sequel to 2009 's Revenge of the Fallen . It is also the first film in the series that was not co-produced by DreamWorks , leaving Paramount Pictures as the sole distributor . The film stars Shia LaBeouf , Josh Duhamel , John Turturro , Tyrese Gibson , Rosie Huntington-Whiteley , Patrick Dempsey , Kevin Dunn , Julie White , John Malkovich , and Frances McDormand . Set three years after Revenge of the Fallen , this follows the warring Autobots and Decepticons ' last days of the war as they battle to possess powerful technology from their homeworld crashed on Earth 's Moon to restore their home . Returning Transformers include Optimus Prime , Bumblebee , Ironhide , Ratchet , Sideswipe , Skids and Mudflap ( as cameos ) , Wheelie , Megatron , Starscream , Soundwave , Barricade , Sideways , Long Haul , Scrapper , and Brawl . The script was written by Ehren Kruger . Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras , with filming locations in Chicago , Florida , Indiana , Milwaukee , Moscow , and Washington , D.C . The film was rendered specifically for 3-D , and the visual effects involved more complex robots which took longer to render . In May 2011 , it was announced that Paramount would move Dark of the Moon 's release date of July 1 to June 29 , in order to monitor an early response to footage . Exclusive early premieres in both select 3D and IMAX theaters took place on June 28 , 2011 , one night before worldwide release in 2D and 3D ( including IMAX 3D ) formats - each featuring Dolby Surround 7.1 sound . Metacritic characterized the reviews as mixed or average , and the Rotten Tomatoes critical consensus praised the special effects , action scenes , scores , 3D work , and the performances of Peter Cullen and Leonard Nimoy while criticizing the runtime , storyline , performances , and screenplay ."}]}, {'value': '$ 6,443,668,117', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Cameron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Cameron', 'summary': "James Francis Cameron CC ( born August 16 , 1954 ) is a Canadian filmmaker , artist , and environmentalist , who is best known for making science fiction and epic films for the Hollywood mainstream . Cameron first gained recognition for directing The Terminator ( 1984 ) . He found further critical and commercial success with Aliens ( 1986 ) , The Abyss ( 1989 ) , Terminator 2 : Judgment Day ( 1991 ) and True Lies ( 1994 ) . His greatest big-budget productions have been Titanic ( 1997 ) and Avatar ( 2009 ) , the former earning him Academy Awards in Best Picture , Best Director and Best Film Editing . Avatar , filmed in 3D technology , also garnered him nominations in the same categories . He also co-founded Lightstorm Entertainment , Digital Domain and Earthship Productions . In addition to his filmmaking , he is a National Geographic explorer of the sea and has produced a number of documentaries on the subject . Cameron contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies and helped create the digital 3D Fusion Camera System . In 2012 , Cameron became the first person to perform a solo descent to the bottom of the Mariana Trench , the deepest part of the Earth 's ocean , in the Deepsea Challenger submersible . In total , Cameron 's films have grossed approximately US $ 2 billion in North America and US $ 6 billion worldwide . Cameron 's Avatar and Titanic are the second and third highest-grossing films of all time , earning $ 2.78 billion and $ 2.19 billion , respectively . Cameron holds the achievement of having directed the first two of the five films in history to gross over $ 2 billion worldwide ."}]}, {'value': 'Avatar ( $ 2.789 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)', 'summary': "Avatar ( marketed as James Cameron 's Avatar ) is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed , written , produced , and co-edited by James Cameron and stars Sam Worthington , Zoe Saldana , Stephen Lang , Michelle Rodriguez , and Sigourney Weaver . The film is set in the mid-22nd century when humans are colonizing Pandora , a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system , in order to mine the mineral unobtanium , a room-temperature superconductor . The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi - a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora . The film 's title refers to a genetically engineered Na'vi body operated from the brain of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora . Development of Avatar began in 1994 , when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film . Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron 's 1997 film Titanic , for a planned release in 1999 , but , according to Cameron , the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film . Work on the language of the film 's extraterrestrial beings began in 2005 , and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006 . Avatar was officially budgeted at $ 237 million . Other estimates put the cost between $ 280 million and $ 310 million for production and at $ 150 million for promotion . The film made extensive use of new motion capture filming techniques , and was released for traditional viewing , 3D viewing ( using the RealD 3D , Dolby 3D , XpanD 3D , and IMAX 3D formats ) , and for 4D experiences in select South Korean theaters . The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology . Avatar premiered in London on December 10 , 2009 , and was released in the United States on December 18 to positive reviews , with critics highly praising its groundbreaking visual effects ."}]}, {'value': '$ 6,235,731,293', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Yates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Yates', 'summary': "David Yates ( born ( 1963-10-08 ) 8 October 1963 ) is an English filmmaker who has directed films , short films , and television productions . Yates directed the final four films in the Harry Potter series . His work on the series brought him critical and commercial success along with accolades , such as the British Academy Britannia Award for Excellence in Directing . Yates 's subsequent projects include The Legend of Tarzan and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( both 2016 ) , and its sequel , Fantastic Beasts : The Crimes of Grindelwald ( 2018 ) . Early in his career , Yates directed various short films and became a television director . His credits include the six-part political thriller State of Play ( 2003 ) , for which he won the Directors Guild of Great Britain Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement , the adult two-part documentary drama Sex Traffic ( 2004 ) and the Emmy Award-winning television film The Girl in the Café ( 2005 ) . Yates is a founding member of Directors UK . He has had a close partnership with Warner Bros. as a director and producer ."}]}, {'value': 'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 ( $ 1.341 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_–_Part_2', 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is the second of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling 's 2007 novel of the same name . The film , which is the eighth and final instalment in the Harry Potter series , was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman , David Barron , and Rowling . The story continues to follow Harry Potter 's quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort 's Horcruxes in order to stop him once and for all . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends , Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . Principal photography began on 19 February 2009 , and was completed on 12 June 2010 , with reshoots taking place in December 2010 , more than ten years after filming started on the first instalment of the series . Part 2 was released in 2D , 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13-15 July 2011 , and is the only Harry Potter film to be released in 3-D . The film became a commercial success and one of the best reviewed films of 2011 , with praise for the acting , Yates 's direction , musical score , visual effects , cinematography , action sequences , and the satisfying conclusion of the saga . At the box office , Part 2 claimed the worldwide opening weekend record , earning $ 483.2 million , as well as setting opening day and opening weekend records in various countries . Part 2 grossed over $ 1.3 billion worldwide and became the third-highest-grossing film of all time , as well as the highest-grossing film of 2011 . As of 2020 , it is the 13th-highest-grossing film of all time , the highest-grossing film in the Harry Potter series , as well as in the Wizarding World franchise , and the ninth film to gross over $ 1 billion . It is also the highest-grossing film of Warner Bros. and its parent company WarnerMedia ."}]}, {'value': '$ 5,983,939,913', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christopher Nolan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christopher_Nolan', 'summary': "Christopher Edward Nolan , CBE ( /ˈnoʊlən/ ; born 30 July 1970 ) is a British-American filmmaker , who is known for making personal , distinctive films within the Hollywood mainstream . His ten films have grossed over US $ 4.7 billion worldwide and garnered a total of 34 Oscar nominations and ten wins . Born and raised in London , Nolan developed an interest in filmmaking from a young age . After studying English literature at University College London , he made his feature debut with Following ( 1998 ) . Nolan gained international recognition with his second film , Memento ( 2000 ) , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . He transitioned from independent to studio filmmaking with Insomnia ( 2002 ) , and found further critical and commercial success with The Dark Knight Trilogy ( 2005-2012 ) , The Prestige ( 2006 ) , and Inception ( 2010 ) , which received eight Oscar nominations , including for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay . This was followed by the science fiction film Interstellar ( 2014 ) and the war film Dunkirk ( 2017 ) , the latter of which earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Director . Nolan 's films are typically rooted in epistemological and metaphysical themes , exploring human morality , the construction of time , and the malleable nature of memory and personal identity . His work is permeated by unconventional narrative structures , practical special effects , experimental soundscapes , large-format film photography , and materialistic perspectives . He has co-written several of his films with his brother Jonathan , and runs the production company Syncopy Inc. with his wife Emma Thomas . Nolan has received many awards and honours . Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2015 , and in 2019 , he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services to film ."}]}, {'value': 'The Dark Knight Rises ( $ 1.084 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Rises', 'summary': "The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan , who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan , and the story with David S. Goyer . Based on the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the final installment in Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy , and the sequel to The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) . Christian Bale stars as Bruce Wayne / Batman , alongside Michael Caine , Gary Oldman , Anne Hathaway , Tom Hardy , Marion Cotillard , Joseph Gordon-Levitt , and Morgan Freeman . Eight years after the events of The Dark Knight , merciless revolutionary Bane forces Bruce Wayne to resume his role as Batman and save Gotham City from nuclear destruction . Christopher Nolan was hesitant about returning to the series for a third film , but agreed after developing a story with his brother and Goyer that he felt would conclude the series on a satisfactory note . Nolan drew inspiration from Bane 's comic book debut in the 1993 Knightfall storyline , the 1986 series The Dark Knight Returns , and the 1999 storyline No Man 's Land . Filming took place from May to November 2011 in locations including Jodhpur , London , Nottingham , Glasgow , Los Angeles , New York City , Newark , and Pittsburgh . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras for much of the filming , including the first six minutes of the film , to optimize the quality of the picture . A vehicle variation of the Batplane and Batcopter termed the Bat , an underground prison set , and a new Batcave set were created specifically for the film . As with The Dark Knight , viral marketing campaigns began early during production . When filming concluded , Warner Bros. refocused its campaign : developing promotional websites , releasing the first six minutes of the film , screening theatrical trailers , and sending out information regarding the film 's plot . The Dark Knight Rises premiered in New York City on March 16 , 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,704,255,828', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. J. Abrams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._J._Abrams', 'summary': "Jeffrey Jacob Abrams ( born June 27 , 1966 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for his work in the genres of action , drama , fan-service nostalgia , and science fiction . Abrams wrote or produced such films as Regarding Henry ( 1991 ) , Forever Young ( 1992 ) , Armageddon ( 1998 ) , Cloverfield ( 2008 ) , Star Trek ( 2009 ) , Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) , and Star Wars : The Rise of Skywalker ( 2019 ) . Abrams has created numerous television series , including Felicity ( co-creator , 1998-2002 ) , Alias ( creator , 2001-2006 ) , Lost ( co-creator , 2004-2010 ) , and Fringe ( co-creator , 2008-2013 ) . He won two Emmy Awards for Lost - Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Drama Series . His directorial film work includes Mission : Impossible III ( 2006 ) , Star Trek ( 2009 ) , Super 8 ( 2011 ) , and Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) . He also directed , produced and co-wrote The Force Awakens , the seventh episode of the Star Wars saga and the first film of the sequel trilogy . The film is his highest-grossing , as well as the fourth-highest-grossing film of all time not adjusted for inflation . He returned to Star Wars by co-writing , producing and directing the ninth and final installment of the saga , The Rise of Skywalker . Abrams 's frequent collaborators include producer Bryan Burk , producer/director Tommy Gormley , actors Greg Grunberg , Simon Pegg and Keri Russell , composer Michael Giacchino , writers Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci , cinematographers Daniel Mindel and Larry Fong , and editors Maryann Brandon and Mary Jo Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( $ 2.068 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens', 'summary': "Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( also known as Star Wars : Episode VII - The Force Awakens ) is a 2015 American space opera film produced , co-written and directed by J. J. Abrams . It is the first installment in the Star Wars sequel trilogy , following the story of Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) , and is the seventh episode of the nine-part Skywalker saga . It was produced by Lucasfilm and Abrams 's production company Bad Robot Productions , and was distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . The film 's ensemble cast includes Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ' o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , Peter Mayhew , and Max von Sydow . Set 30 years after Return of the Jedi , The Force Awakens follows Rey , Finn , Poe Dameron , and Han Solo 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight in the Resistance , led by General Leia Organa and veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor to the Galactic Empire . The film was announced after The Walt Disney Company 's acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012 , and was the first Star Wars film to not extensively involve franchise creator George Lucas , who only served as a creative consultant in the early stages . The film was produced by Abrams , his longtime collaborator Bryan Burk , and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy . Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan , co-writer of the original trilogy films The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) , rewrote an initial script by Michael Arndt . John Williams , the composer for the previous six films , returned to compose the film 's score . Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland , with principal photography also taking place in Ireland and at Pinewood Studios in England , and wrapped in November 2014 . The Force Awakens was widely anticipated , and Disney backed the film with extensive marketing campaigns . It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14 , 2015 , before its wide release in the United States on December 18 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,625,988,452', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim Burton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Burton', 'summary': "Timothy Walter Burton [ a ] ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American director , producer , artist , writer , and animator . He is known for his dark , gothic , and eccentric horror and fantasy films such as Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , Edward Scissorhands ( 1990 ) , The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) , Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Sleepy Hollow ( 1999 ) , Corpse Bride ( 2005 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) , Dark Shadows ( 2012 ) , and Frankenweenie ( 2012 ) . He is also known for blockbuster films , such as the adventure-comedy Pee-wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) , the superhero films Batman ( 1989 ) and its first sequel , Batman Returns ( 1992 ) , the sci-fi film Planet of the Apes ( 2001 ) , the fantasy-drama Big Fish ( 2003 ) , the musical adventure film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 2005 ) , the fantasy film Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) , and the film adaptation of Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) . Burton has often worked with actor Johnny Depp and composer Danny Elfman , who has composed scores for all but three of the films Burton has directed . Helena Bonham Carter , Burton 's former domestic partner , has appeared in many of his films . He wrote and illustrated the poetry book The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy & Other Stories , published in 1997 by British publishing house Faber and Faber , and a compilation of his drawings , sketches and other artwork , entitled The Art of Tim Burton , was released in 2009 . A follow-up to that book , entitled The Napkin Art of Tim Burton : Things You Think About in a Bar , containing sketches made by Burton on napkins at bars and restaurants he occasionally visits , was released in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Alice in Wonderland ( $ 1.025 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)', 'summary': "Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 American dark fantasy adventure film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay written by Linda Woolverton . The film stars Johnny Depp , Anne Hathaway , Helena Bonham Carter , Crispin Glover , Matt Lucas , and Mia Wasikowska , and features the voices of Alan Rickman , Stephen Fry , Michael Sheen , and Timothy Spall . Loosely inspired by Lewis Carroll 's fantasy novels , Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass , and Walt Disney 's 1951 animated film of the same name , the film tells the story of a nineteen-year-old Alice Kingsleigh , who is told that she can restore the White Queen to her throne , with the help of the Mad Hatter . She is the only one who can slay the Jabberwocky , a dragon-like creature that is controlled by the Red Queen and terrorizes Underland 's inhabitants . In this situation , Alice fights against the Red Queen to protect the world . Alice in Wonderland was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and shot in the United Kingdom and the United States . The film premiered in London at the Odeon Leicester Square on February 25 , 2010 , and was released in the United Kingdom and the United States through the Disney Digital 3D , RealD 3D , and IMAX 3D formats as well as in conventional theaters on March 5 , 2010 . It is also the second-highest-grossing film of 2010 . Alice in Wonderland received mixed reviews upon release ; although praised for its visual style and special effects , the film was criticized for its lack of narrative coherence . It received three nominations at the 68th Golden Globe Awards , including Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy . At the 83rd Academy Awards , Alice in Wonderland won Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design , and was also nominated for Best Visual Effects . The film generated over $ 1.025 billion in ticket sales and became the fifth highest-grossing film of all time during its theatrical run ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,412,653,899', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jon Favreau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jon_Favreau', 'summary': 'Jonathan Jon Favreau ( /ˈfævroʊ/ ; born October 19 , 1966 ) is an American actor , director , producer , and screenwriter . Favreau has starred in the films Rudy ( 1993 ) , Swingers ( 1996 , which he also wrote ) , Very Bad Things ( 1998 ) , The Replacements ( 2000 ) , Daredevil ( 2003 ) , The Break-Up ( 2006 ) , Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , and Chef ( 2014 ) , which he also wrote and directed . He portrayed Pete Becker on the television sitcom Friends . He is further known for directing the films Elf ( 2003 ) , Zathura : A Space Adventure ( 2005 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and The Lion King ( 2019 ) . Favreau has been a presence in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , directing , executive producing , and starring as Happy Hogan in the films Iron Man ( 2008 ) and Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , as well as serving as an executive producer and/or appearing as Happy Hogan in The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , Spider-Man : Homecoming ( 2017 ) , Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) , Avengers : Endgame ( 2019 ) , and Spider-Man : Far From Home ( 2019 ) . For the animated series Clone Wars , he played the voice of Death Watchs leader , Pre Vizsla . He is , more significantly , the creator and one of the executive producers of the Star Wars television series The Mandalorian for Disney+ , which premiered on November 12 , 2019 . He produces films under his production company banner , Fairview Entertainment .'}]}, {'value': 'The Lion King ( $ 1.656 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Lion_King_(2019_film)', 'summary': "The Lion King is a 2019 American animated musical film directed and produced by Jon Favreau , written by Jeff Nathanson , and produced by Walt Disney Pictures . It is a photorealistic computer-animated remake of Disney 's traditionally animated 1994 film of the same name . The film stars the voices of Donald Glover , Seth Rogen , Chiwetel Ejiofor , Alfre Woodard , Billy Eichner , John Kani , John Oliver , Florence Kasumba , Eric Andre , Keegan-Michael Key , JD McCrary , Shahadi Wright Joseph , and Beyoncé Knowles-Carter , as well as James Earl Jones reprising his role from the original film . The plot follows Simba , a young lion who must embrace his role as the rightful king of his native land following the murder of his father , Mufasa , at the hands of his uncle , Scar . Plans for a remake of 1994 's The Lion King were confirmed in September 2016 following box office successes for Disney remakes such as The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , which was also directed by Favreau . Favreau was inspired by certain roles of characters in the Broadway adaptation , and developed upon elements of the original film 's story . Much of the main cast signed in early 2017 , and principal photography began in mid-2017 on a blue screen stage in Los Angeles . The virtual-reality tools utilized in The Jungle Book 's cinematography were used to a greater degree during filming of The Lion King . Composers Hans Zimmer , Elton John , and lyricist Tim Rice , all of whom worked on the original 's soundtrack , returned to compose the score alongside Knowles-Carter , who assisted John in the reworking of the soundtrack and wrote a new song for the film , titled Spirit , which she also performed . The film serves as the final credit for editor Mark Livolsi , and it is dedicated to his memory . With an estimated budget of around $ 260 million , it is one of the most expensive films ever made . The film was theatrically released in the United States on July 19 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,333,849,545', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Zemeckis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis', 'summary': "Robert Lee Zemeckis ( /zəˈmɛkɪs/ ; born May 14 , 1952 ) is an American director , film producer and screenwriter frequently credited as an innovator in visual effects . He first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of Romancing the Stone ( 1984 ) and the science-fiction comedy Back to the Future film trilogy , as well as the live-action/animated comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) . In the 1990s , he directed Death Becomes Her and then diversified into more dramatic fare , including 1994 's Forrest Gump , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director ; the film itself won Best Picture . The films he has directed have ranged across a wide variety of genres , for both adults and families . Zemeckis ' films are characterized by an interest in state-of-the-art special effects , including the early use of the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage in Back to the Future Part II ( 1989 ) and Forrest Gump , and the pioneering performance capture techniques seen in The Polar Express ( 2004 ) , Monster House ( 2006 ) , Beowulf ( 2007 ) , A Christmas Carol ( 2009 ) , and Welcome to Marwen ( 2018 ) . Though Zemeckis has often been pigeonholed as a director interested only in special effects , his work has been defended by several critics including David Thomson , who wrote that No other contemporary director has used special effects to more dramatic and narrative purpose ."}]}, {'value': 'Forrest Gump ( $ 679.8 million )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forrest_Gump', 'summary': "Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth . It is based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom , and stars Tom Hanks , Robin Wright , Gary Sinise , Mykelti Williamson , and Sally Field . The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump ( Hanks ) , a slow-witted but kind-hearted man from Alabama who witnesses and unwittingly influences several defining historical events in the 20th century United States . The film differs substantially from the novel . Principal photography took place in late 1993 , mainly in Georgia , North Carolina , and South Carolina . Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate Hanks into archived footage and to develop other scenes . The soundtrack features songs reflecting the different periods seen in the film . Forrest Gump was released in the United States on July 6 , 1994 and received favorable reviews for Zemeckis ' directing , Hanks ' performance , the visual effects , the music and the script . The film was an enormous success at the box office ; it became the top-grossing film in America released that year and earned over US $ 677 million worldwide during its theatrical run , making it the second highest-grossing film of 1994 . The soundtrack sold over 12 million copies . Forrest Gump won the Academy Awards for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Hanks , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Visual Effects , and Best Film Editing . It won many other awards and nominations , including Golden Globes , People 's Choice Awards , and Young Artist Awards ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,329,877,462', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ron Howard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ron_Howard', 'summary': 'Ronald William Howard ( born March 1 , 1954 ) is an American filmmaker and actor . Howard first came to prominence as a child actor , guest-starring in several television series , including an episode of The Twilight Zone . He gained national attention for playing young Opie Taylor , the son of Sheriff Andy Taylor ( played by Andy Griffith ) in the sitcom The Andy Griffith Show from 1960 through 1968 . During this time , he also appeared in the musical film The Music Man ( 1962 ) , a critical and commercial success . Howard was cast in one of the lead roles in the coming-of-age film American Graffiti ( 1973 ) , which received widespread acclaim and became one of the most profitable films of all time . The following year , Howard became a household name for playing Richie Cunningham in the sitcom Happy Days , a role he would play from 1974 through 1980 . Howard continued appearing in films during this time , such as the western film The Shootist ( 1976 ) and the comedy film Grand Theft Auto ( 1977 ) , which also marked his directorial debut . In 1980 , Howard left Happy Days to focus on directing . His films include the science-fiction/fantasy Cocoon ( 1985 ) , the fantasy Willow ( 1988 ) , the thriller Backdraft ( 1991 ) , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 ( 1995 ) , the Christmas comedy How the Grinch Stole Christmas ( 2000 ) , the biographical drama A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , the biographical sports drama Cinderella Man ( 2005 ) , the thriller The Da Vinci Code ( 2006 ) , the historical drama Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Solo : A Star Wars Story ( 2018 ) , and the documentary Pavarotti ( 2019 ) . For A Beautiful Mind , Howard won the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Picture . In 2003 , Howard was awarded the National Medal of Arts . Asteroid 12561 Howard is named after him .'}]}, {'value': 'The Da Vinci Code ( $ 767.8 million )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Da_Vinci_Code_(film)', 'summary': "The Da Vinci Code is a 2006 American mystery thriller film , directed by Ron Howard and written by Akiva Goldsman , based on Dan Brown 's 2003 best-selling novel of the same name . The first in the Robert Langdon film series , the film stars Tom Hanks , Audrey Tautou , Sir Ian McKellen , Alfred Molina , Jürgen Prochnow , Jean Reno and Paul Bettany . In the movie , Robert Langdon , a professor of religious symbology from Harvard University , is the prime suspect in the grisly and unusual murder of Louvre curator Jacques Saunière . In the body , the police find a disconcerting cipher and start an investigation . A noted British Grail historian named Sir Leigh Teabing tells them that the actual Holy Grail is explicitly encoded in Leonardo da Vinci 's wall painting , The Last Supper . Also searching for the Grail is a secret cabal within Opus Dei , an actual prelature of the Holy See , who wish to keep the true Grail a secret to prevent the destruction of Christianity . The film , like the book , was considered controversial . It was met with especially harsh criticism by the Catholic Church for the accusation that it is behind a two-thousand-year-old cover-up concerning what the Holy Grail really is and the concept that Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene were married and that the union produced a daughter , as well as its treatment of the organizations Priory of Sion and Opus Dei . Many members urged the laity to boycott the film . In the book , Dan Brown states that the Priory of Sion and all descriptions of artwork , architecture , documents and secret rituals in this novel are accurate . The film grossed $ 224 million in its worldwide opening weekend and a total of $ 758 million worldwide , becoming the second-highest-grossing film of 2006 . The film received generally negative reviews from critics ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,300,016,511', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ridley Scott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ridley_Scott', 'summary': "Sir Ridley Scott ( born 30 November 1937 ) is an English filmmaker . Following his commercial breakthrough in 1979 with the science fiction horror film Alien , further works include the neo-noir dystopian film Blade Runner , the road adventure film Thelma & Louise , the historical drama Gladiator ( which won the Academy Award for Best Picture ) and the science fiction film The Martian . Beginning his career in advertising where he honed his filmmaking skills by making inventive mini-films for television commercials , Scott 's work is known for its atmospheric , highly concentrated visual style . Though his films range widely in setting and period , they frequently showcase memorable imagery of urban environments , whether 2nd-century Rome ( Gladiator ) , 12th-century Jerusalem ( Kingdom of Heaven ) , Medieval England ( Robin Hood ) , contemporary Mogadishu ( Black Hawk Down ) , the future cityscapes of Blade Runner , or the distant planets in Alien , Prometheus , The Martian and Alien : Covenant . Several of his films are also known for their strong female characters . Scott has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Directing ( for Thelma & Louise , Gladiator and Black Hawk Down ) . In 1995 , both Ridley and his brother Tony received a BAFTA for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema . In 2003 , Scott was knighted for his services to the British film industry . In a 2004 BBC poll , Scott was named the tenth most influential person in British culture . In 2015 , he received an honorary doctorate from the Royal College of Art in London , and in 2018 received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement ."}]}, {'value': 'The Martian ( $ 630.1 million )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Martian_(film)', 'summary': "The Martian is a 2015 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott and starring Matt Damon . The Martian , a novel by Andy Weir , served as the screenplay adapted by Drew Goddard . The film depicts an astronaut 's ( Matt Damon 's ) lone struggle to survive on Mars after being left behind , and efforts to rescue him and bring him home to Earth . It also stars Jessica Chastain , Kristen Wiig , Jeff Daniels , Michael Peña , Kate Mara , Sean Bean , Sebastian Stan , Donald Glover , Aksel Hennie and Chiwetel Ejiofor . Produced through 20th Century Fox , the film is a co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom . Producer Simon Kinberg began developing the film after Fox optioned the novel in March 2013 , which Drew Goddard adapted into a screenplay and was initially attached to direct , but the film did not move forward . Scott replaced Goddard , and with Damon in place as the main character , production was approved . Filming began in November 2014 and lasted approximately seventy days . Twenty sets were built on one of the largest sound stages in the world in Budapest , Hungary . Wadi Rum in Jordan was also used for exterior filming . The film premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival on September 11 , 2015 , while the London premiere was held on September 24 , 2015 . The film was released in the United Kingdom on September 30 , 2015 , and in the United States on October 2 , 2015 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D and 4DX ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,207,154,043', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Columbus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Columbus_(filmmaker)', 'summary': "Chris Joseph Columbus ( born September 10 , 1958 ) is an American film director , producer , and writer , best known for his family and sentimental films . Born in Spangler , Pennsylvania , Columbus studied film at Tisch School of the Arts . After writing screenplays for Gremlins ( 1984 ) and The Goonies ( 1985 ) , he made his directorial debut with a teen comedy , Adventures in Babysitting ( 1987 ) . Columbus gained recognition soon after with the highly successful Christmas comedy-dramas , Home Alone ( 1990 ) and Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) , the latter earning him two nominations each at the Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards . The comedy Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) , starring Robin Williams , was another box office success for Columbus . He went on to direct Nine Months ( 1995 ) , Stepmom ( 1998 ) and Bicentennial Man ( 1999 ) , which were met with lukewarm reception . His greatest commercial successes have been Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone ( 2001 ) and its sequel , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) . He also directed Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief ( 2010 ) , another critical financial success . Columbus has produced a number of films , including Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( 2004 ) , Night at the Museum ( 2006 ) and The Help ( 2011 ) , all of which were well received . In 2015 , he directed a 3D film , Pixels which was not as well received . Columbus is the co-founder of 1492 Pictures , a film production company that has produced some of his films since 1995 . More recently , he co-founded another production firm with his daughter in 2014 , called Maiden Voyage Pictures ."}]}, {'value': "Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( $ 978.0 million )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Sorcerer's_Stone_(film)", 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( released in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone ) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is based on J. K. Rowling 's 1997 novel of the same name . The film is the first instalment of the Harry Potter film series and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman . Its story follows Harry Potter 's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley , and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger . Warner Bros. bought the film rights to the book in 1999 for a reported £1 million ( $ 1.65 million in 1999 ) . Production began in the United Kingdom in 2000 , with Chris Columbus being chosen to create the film from a short list of directors that included Steven Spielberg and Rob Reiner . Rowling insisted that the entire cast be British and Irish , and the film was shot at Leavesden Film Studios and historic buildings around the United Kingdom . The film was released to cinemas in the United Kingdom and United States on 16 November 2001 . It became a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 975.8 million at the box office worldwide . The highest-grossing film of 2001 , it is the 47th highest-grossing of all-time ( 2nd at the time of its release ; behind Titanic ) and the second most successful instalment of the Harry Potter series behind Deathly Hallows - Part 2 . The film was nominated for many awards , including Academy Awards for Best Original Score , Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,093,167,888', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roland Emmerich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roland_Emmerich', 'summary': "Roland Emmerich ( German : [ ˈʁoːlant ˈɛməʁɪç ] ; born 10 November 1955 ) is a German film director , screenwriter , and producer , widely known for his disaster films . His films , most of which are English-language Hollywood productions , have made more than $ 3 billion worldwide , including just over $ 1 billion in the United States , making him the country 's 11th-highest-grossing director of all time . He began his work in the film industry by directing the film The Noah 's Ark Principle ( 1984 ) as part of his university thesis and also co-founded Centropolis Entertainment in 1985 with his sister . He is a collector of art and an active campaigner for the LGBT community , and is openly gay ."}]}, {'value': 'Independence Day ( $ 807.4 million )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)', 'summary': "Independence Day is a 1996 American epic science fiction disaster film directed and co-written by Roland Emmerich . The film features an ensemble cast that includes Will Smith , Bill Pullman , Jeff Goldblum , Mary McDonnell , Judd Hirsch , Margaret Colin , Randy Quaid , Robert Loggia , James Rebhorn , Harvey Fierstein , Vivica A . Fox and Harry Connick Jr . The film focuses on disparate groups of people who converge in the Nevada desert in the aftermath of a worldwide attack by an extraterrestrial race of unknown origin . With the other people of the world , they launch an all-out counterattack on July 4 - Independence Day in the United States . While promoting Stargate in Europe , Emmerich came up with the idea for the film while answering a question about his own belief in the existence of alien life . He and Dean Devlin decided to incorporate a large-scale attack having noticed that aliens in most invasion films travel long distances in outer space only to remain hidden when reaching Earth . Shooting began in July 1995 in New York City , and the film was officially completed on June 20 , 1996 . Now considered a significant turning point in the history of the Hollywood blockbuster , Independence Day was at the forefront of the large-scale disaster film and sci-fi resurgence of the mid-late 1990s . The film was released worldwide on July 3 , 1996 , but began showing on July 2 ( the same day the film 's story begins ) in limited release as a result of a high level of anticipation among moviegoers . The film received positive reviews and grossed over $ 817.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1996 and the second-highest-grossing film ever at the time , behind Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) . The film won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing ."}]}, {'value': '$ 3,953,600,182', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bryan Singer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bryan_Singer', 'summary': "Bryan Jay Singer ( born September 17 , 1965 ) is an American director , producer and writer of film and television . He is the founder of Bad Hat Harry Productions and has produced or co-produced almost all of the films he has directed . After graduating from the University of Southern California , Singer directed his first short film , Lion 's Den ( 1988 ) . On the basis of that film , he received financing for his next film , Public Access ( 1993 ) , which was a co-winner of the Grand Jury Prize at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival . In the mid-1990s , Singer received critical acclaim for directing the neo-noir crime thriller The Usual Suspects ( 1995 ) , which starred Gabriel Byrne , Kevin Spacey , Stephen Baldwin , and Benicio del Toro . He followed this with another thriller , Apt Pupil ( 1998 ) , an adaptation of a Stephen King novella about a boy 's fascination with a Nazi war criminal . In the 2000s , he became known for big budget superhero films such as X-Men ( 2000 ) , for which Singer won the 2000 Saturn Award for Best Direction , its sequel X2 ( 2003 ) , and Superman Returns ( 2006 ) . He then directed the World War II historical thriller Valkyrie ( 2008 ) , co-wrote/co-produced X-Men : First Class ( 2011 ) , and directed the fantasy adventure film Jack the Giant Slayer ( 2013 ) , as well as two more X-Men films , X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) and X-Men : Apocalypse ( 2016 ) . Singer also directed the Queen biopic Bohemian Rhapsody ( 2018 ) , although he was fired from the film shortly before its completion . Since 1997 , a number of boys and men have alleged that Singer sexually assaulted them as minors . Singer has denied all of the allegations . The British Academy of Film and Television Arts removed Singer 's name from Bohemian Rhapsody 's 2019 nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film because of the allegations against him ."}]}, {'value': 'Bohemian Rhapsody ( $ 903.6 million )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody_(film)', 'summary': "Bohemian Rhapsody is a 2018 biographical drama film about Freddie Mercury , the lead singer of the British rock band Queen . It was directed by Bryan Singer from a screenplay by Anthony McCarten , and produced by Graham King and Queen manager Jim Beach . It stars Rami Malek as Mercury , with Lucy Boynton , Gwilym Lee , Ben Hardy , Joe Mazzello , Aidan Gillen , Tom Hollander , Allen Leech , and Mike Myers in supporting roles . Queen members Brian May and Roger Taylor served as consultants . A British-American venture , the film was produced by 20th Century Fox , Regency Enterprises , GK Films , and Queen Films , with Fox serving as distributor . The film follows the singer 's life from the formation of the band up to their 1985 Live Aid performance at the original Wembley Stadium . Bohemian Rhapsody was announced in 2010 , with Sacha Baron Cohen set to play Mercury . After he left the project in 2013 following creative differences with producers , the project languished for several years before Malek was cast in November 2016 . Bryan Singer was the director through most of principal photography , which began in London in September 2017 , but was fired in December 2017 , for absence and clashing with the cast and crew . Dexter Fletcher , who was originally set to direct the film early in development , was hired to complete the film , although Singer retained sole director credit as per Directors Guild of America guidelines . Fletcher received an executive producer credit and filming concluded in January 2018 . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 24 October 2018 and in the United States on 2 November 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 3,733,688,114', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pierre Coffin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Coffin', 'summary': 'Pierre-Louis Padang Coffin ( born 15 March 1967 ) is a French voice actor , animator and film director best known for co-directing all four films in the Despicable Me franchise and as the voice of the Minions , which won him the Kids Family Award at the 10th Seiyu Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Minions ( $ 1.159 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minions_(film)', 'summary': "Minions is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy film , serving as a spin-off prequel to the Despicable Me franchise . Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures , it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda , written by Brian Lynch , and produced by Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy . The film stars the voices of Coffin ( as the Minions , including : Kevin , Stuart , and Bob ) , Sandra Bullock , Jon Hamm , Michael Keaton , Allison Janney , Steve Coogan , and Jennifer Saunders , with the narration provided by Geoffrey Rush . It was first foreshadowed in the end credits of Despicable Me 2 ( 2013 ) , where Kevin , Stuart , and Bob , three of the Minions and the film 's main characters , are seen auditioning for the film . Minions had its premiere on June 11 , 2015 , in Leicester Square , London , and went into general release in the United States on July 10 , 2015 . Critical response was mixed : some critics praised the comedic aspects of the film and the vocal performances of Bullock and Hamm , while also saying they felt that the title characters were not able to carry the film on their own , and that the villains were flatly characterized . The film has grossed over $ 1.1 billion worldwide ( outgrossing each of the Despicable Me films ) , making it the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2015 , the 21st highest-grossing film of all time , the fifth highest-grossing animated film ( behind the 2019 version of The Lion King , Frozen II , Frozen , and Incredibles 2 ) and the highest-grossing non-Disney animated film . A sequel , Minions : The Rise of Gru will be released on July 3 , 2020 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 3,713,742,291', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gore Verbinski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gore_Verbinski', 'summary': 'Gregor Gore Verbinski ( born March 16 , 1964 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , producer and musician . He is best known for directing the first three films of the Pirates of the Caribbean film saga , The Ring , and Rango . Verbinski is a graduate of UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television . His most recent film , A Cure for Wellness , was released in 2017 . Verbinski won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature , the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film and the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film in 2012 for his animated action-comedy western Rango .'}]}, {'value': "Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest ( $ 1.066 billion )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man's_Chest", 'summary': "Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest is a 2006 American fantasy swashbuckler film . It is the second installment of the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and the sequel to Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl ( 2003 ) . It was directed by Gore Verbinski , written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . In the film , the wedding of Will Turner ( Orlando Bloom ) and Elizabeth Swann ( Keira Knightley ) is interrupted by Lord Cutler Beckett ( Tom Hollander ) , who wants Turner to acquire the compass of Captain Jack Sparrow ( Johnny Depp ) in a bid to find the Dead Man 's Chest . Sparrow discovers his debt to Davy Jones ( Bill Nighy ) is due . Two sequels to Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl were conceived in 2004 , with Elliott and Rossio developing a story arc that would span both films . Filming took place from February to September 2005 in Palos Verdes , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Dominica , and The Bahamas , as well as on sets constructed at Walt Disney Studios . It was shot back-to-back with the third film of the series , At World 's End . Dead Man 's Chest was released in the United States on July 7 , 2006 , and received mixed reviews , with praise for its special effects , action sequences , Hans Zimmer 's musical score , humor , and performances , particularly those of Depp and Nighy , but criticism for its convoluted plot and running time . The film broke several records at the time , including the opening-weekend record in the United States with $ 136 million , the fastest film to gross over $ 1 billion at the worldwide box office ( 63 days ) , the highest grossing first sequel at the worldwide box office and became the highest-grossing film of 2006 and the third highest-grossing film of all time ( behind Titanic and The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King ) . It currently ranks as the 34th highest-grossing film of all time worldwide and was the highest-grossing film distributed by Disney until it was surpassed by Toy Story 3 in 2010 . The film received Academy Award nominations for Best Art Direction , Sound Editing , Sound Mixing , and won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects ."}]}, {'value': '$ 3,684,949,039', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Wan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Wan', 'summary': 'James Wan ( born 26 February 1977 ) is a Malaysian-born Australian film director , screenwriter , producer , and comic book writer . He rose to prominence as co-creator of the Saw film franchise . He served as a producer on all eight films in the series , in addition to directing Saw ( 2004 ) and co-writing Saw III ( 2006 ) . He also directed Dead Silence and Death Sentence ( both 2007 ) , Insidious ( 2010 ) , The Conjuring and Insidious : Chapter 2 ( both 2013 ) , Furious 7 ( 2015 ) , The Conjuring 2 ( 2016 ) , and Aquaman ( 2018 ) . Furious 7 and Aquaman each grossed over $ 1 billion , making Wan the eighth director with two films that have reached that milestone .'}]}, {'value': 'Furious 7 ( $ 1.515 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Furious_7', 'summary': "Furious 7 ( alternatively known as Fast & Furious 7 ) is a 2015 American action film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan . A sequel to 2013 's Fast & Furious 6 , it is the seventh installment in The Fast Saga franchise and stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Dwayne Johnson , Michelle Rodriguez , Tyrese Gibson , Chris Ludacris Bridges , Jordana Brewster , Djimon Hounsou , Kurt Russell and Jason Statham . Furious 7 follows Dominic Toretto ( Diesel ) , Brian O'Conner ( Walker ) , and the rest of their team , who have returned to the United States to live normal lives after securing amnesty for their past crimes in Fast & Furious 6 , until Deckard Shaw ( Statham ) , a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his comatose younger brother Owen Shaw , puts the team in danger once again . With the previous three installments set between 2 Fast 2 Furious ( 2003 ) and The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift ( 2006 ) , Furious 7 is the first installment in the franchise to take place after Tokyo Drift . The film also marks the final film appearance of Walker , who died in a single-vehicle crash on November 30 , 2013 , with filming only half-completed . Following Walker 's death , filming was delayed for script rewrites and his brothers , Caleb and Cody , were used as stand-ins to complete his remaining scenes . These script rewrites completed the story arcs for both Walker and Brewster 's characters , which were subsequently retired . Plans for a seventh installment were first announced in February 2012 when Johnson stated that production on the film would begin after the completion of Fast & Furious 6 . In April 2013 , Wan , predominantly known for horror films , was announced to direct the film in place of Justin Lin , who left the franchise after directing the previous four installments . Casting began in the same month with the returns of Diesel and Walker and an initial release date was set . Principal photography began in Atlanta , Georgia , in September 2013 , resumed in April 2014 and ended in July 2014 , with other filming locations including Los Angeles , Colorado , Abu Dhabi and Tokyo . Furious 7 premiered in Los Angeles on April 1 , 2015 and was theatrically released in the United States on April 3 , 2015 , playing in 3D , IMAX 3D , and 4DX internationally ."}]}, {'value': '$ 3,660,552,105', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Lucas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Lucas', 'summary': "George Walton Lucas Jr. ( born May 14 , 1944 ) is an American filmmaker , philanthropist and entrepreneur . Lucas is best known for creating the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises and founding Lucasfilm , LucasArts and Industrial Light & Magic . He served as chairman of Lucasfilm before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012 . After graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967 , Lucas co-founded American Zoetrope with filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola . Lucas wrote and directed THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , based on his earlier student short Electronic Labyrinth : THX 1138 4EB , which was a critical success but a financial failure . His next work as a writer-director was the film American Graffiti ( 1973 ) , inspired by his youth in early 1960s Modesto , California , and produced through the newly founded Lucasfilm . The film was critically and commercially successful , and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture . Lucas 's next film , the epic space opera Star Wars ( 1977 ) , had a troubled production but was a surprise hit , becoming the highest-grossing film at the time , winning six Academy Awards and sparking a cultural phenomenon . Lucas produced and co-wrote the sequels The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) . With director Steven Spielberg , he created , produced and co-wrote the Indiana Jones films Raiders of the Lost Ark ( 1981 ) , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1984 ) , The Last Crusade ( 1989 ) and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull ( 2008 ) . He also produced and wrote a variety of films and television series through Lucasfilm between the 1970s and the 2010s . In 1997 , Lucas rereleased the Star Wars Trilogy as part of a special edition featuring several alterations ; home media versions with further changes were released in 2004 and 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Star Wars : Episode I - The Phantom Menace ( $ 1.027 billion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_–_The_Phantom_Menace', 'summary': "Star Wars : Episode I - The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space-opera film written and directed by George Lucas , produced by Lucasfilm , distributed by 20th Century Fox and stars Liam Neeson , Ewan McGregor , Natalie Portman , Jake Lloyd , Ian McDiarmid , Anthony Daniels , Kenny Baker , Pernilla August , and Frank Oz . It is the first installment in the Star Wars prequel trilogy and begins the Skywalker saga , though it was the fourth film to be produced chronologically . Lucas began production of this film after he determined that computer-generated imagery ( CGI ) had advanced to the level he wanted for the prequel trilogy 's visual effects . Filming started on June 26 , 1997 , at locations including Leavesden Film Studios and the Tunisian desert . The film was Lucas ' first directorial effort after a 22-year hiatus following Star Wars in 1977 . [ b ] The Phantom Menace is set 32 years before the original film and follows Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn and his apprentice Obi-Wan Kenobi as they protect Queen Amidala in hopes of securing a peaceful end to an interplanetary trade dispute . Joined by Anakin Skywalker - a young slave with unusually strong natural powers of the Force - they simultaneously contend with the mysterious return of the Sith . The Phantom Menace was released in theaters on May 19 , 1999 , almost 16 years after the premiere of the previous Star Wars film , Return of the Jedi . The film 's premiere was extensively covered by media and was greatly anticipated because of the large cultural following the Star Wars saga had cultivated . Despite the anticipation , it received mixed reviews ; critics praised the visuals , action sequences , John Williams ' musical score , and some of the performances ( notably Neeson and McGregor ) , but criticized the screenplay , characterization , and the respective performances of Ahmed Best as Jar Jar Binks and Lloyd as Anakin . It grossed more than $ 924.3 million ( equivalent to $ 1.42 billion in 2019 ) worldwide during its initial theatrical run , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1999 , the second-highest-grossing film worldwide and in North America ( behind Titanic ) , and the highest-grossing Star Wars film at the time . A 3D reissue , which earned an additional $ 102.7 million at the box office and brought the film 's overall worldwide takings to over $ 1 billion , was released in February 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 3,448,142,176', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Worldwide', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_highest-grossing_directors_0', 'intro': 'The following is a non-definitive list of the all-time highest-grossing film directors. The list is not adjusted for inflation.'} | null | null | What is the rank of the director born 31 October 1961 ? | 3 |
0bcb6bcc766ce7e6 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Santo_Tomas_alumni', 'title': 'List of University of Santo Tomas alumni', 'header': ['Name', 'Year/Degree', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Mary Jean Balse', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S.Comm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Commerce', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Commerce ( abbreviated Bcom . or BComm . ; also , baccalaureates commercii ) is an undergraduate degree in commerce ( or business ) and related subjects , usually awarded in Canada , Australia , India , Pakistan , Ireland , New Zealand , South Africa , Myanmar and other Commonwealth countries ; however , the degree is no longer offered in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': "Rookie of the Year , UAAP Season 67 ; Best attacker , UAAP Season 70 ; Shakey 's V-League three-time MVP", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UAAP_Season_67', 'summary': 'UAAP Season 67 is the 2004-05 athletic year of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines , which was hosted by De La Salle University-Manila . The season opened on July 10 , 2004 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UAAP_Season_70', 'summary': 'UAAP Season 70 was the 2007-08 season of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines , which was hosted by the University of Santo Tomas . The theme of season 70 was Winners All , Recreating the Value of Honesty through Sports It opened on July 7 , 2007 at the Araneta Coliseum . De La Salle University returned to active participation after being suspended in Season 69 .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Shakey's_V-League", 'summary': "The Premier Volleyball League ( PVL ) is a women 's professional volleyball league in the Philippines organized by Sports Vision Management Group , Inc . The league began in 2004 as the Shakey 's V-League , a women 's collegiate league with teams coming from the University Athletic Association of the Philippines ( UAAP ) , the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) , the Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation ( CESAFI ) , and other associations . Since 2011 , the league welcomed the participation of corporate clubs and non-collegiate teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Venus Bernal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S.Comm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Commerce', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Commerce ( abbreviated Bcom . or BComm . ; also , baccalaureates commercii ) is an undergraduate degree in commerce ( or business ) and related subjects , usually awarded in Canada , Australia , India , Pakistan , Ireland , New Zealand , South Africa , Myanmar and other Commonwealth countries ; however , the degree is no longer offered in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'National team player ; MVP , UAAP Season 69', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Philippines_women's_national_volleyball_team", 'summary': "The Philippine women 's national volleyball team is the national volleyball team of the Philippines . The country is ranked 117 as of October 21 , 2018 . Its highest achievement was in 1974 when it qualified for the FIVB World Championship , where it placed 18th . It is governed by Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas ( LVPI ) since 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UAAP_Season_69_volleyball_tournaments', 'summary': 'The volleyball tournaments of UAAP Season 69 ran from December 3 , 2006 to February 21 , 2007 at various locations within Metro Manila which include Rizal Memorial Coliseum , University of The Philippines Human Kinetics Gym and Ateneo Blue Eagle Gym .'}]}, {'value': 'Rubie De Leon', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( no year indicated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Former Member of the Philippines Women 's National Team", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kate Co Yu Kang', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Best receiver , Shakey 's V-League 1st Season 1st Conference", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ray Karl Dimaculangan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Three-time best server , MVP , UAAP Season 71', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UAAP_Season_71_volleyball_tournaments', 'summary': "The seniors ' division of the UAAP Season 71 volleyball tournaments opened December 6 , 2008 . Tournament host will be Far Eastern University . Tournament games will be at the Far Eastern University Gym and The Arena in San Juan . The juniors ' division tournaments were held on the first semester of the 2008-09 school year ; the UE Pages and the UST Lady Tiger Cubs won all of their elimination round games in their respective divisions to clinch the championship outright . In the men 's tournament , the UST Growling Tigers also won all of their elimination round games but went through the usual the Final Four format ; they beat Ateneo in three straight sets in the semifinals to formalize their entry to the Finals ; they then swept the UP Fighting Maroons 2-0 in the best-of-3 Finals series without losing a set to have an immaculate 17-0 Season 71 record to successfully defend their championship . In the women 's tournament , the FEU Lady Tamaraws and La Salle Lady Archers emerged on top of the standings and beat their semifinals opponents to meet in the Finals . FEU overcame UST Tigresses which gave them their opening day loss , while La Salle beat the Adamson Lady Falcons in a rematch of their third-place playoff in the Shakey 's V-League . FEU and La Salle split their elimination round games , with La Salle winning over FEU in the second round 's last game to wrest the # 1 seed away from the Lady Tamaraws who had held it all tournament long . After winning Game 1 in five sets , FEU lost the next two games in four sets to award La Salle their fifth UAAP women 's volleyball championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Rhea Katrina Dimaculangan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhea_Katrina_Dimaculangan', 'summary': 'Rhea Katrina Dimaculangan is a Filipino professional indoor volleyball athlete , and a former member of the Philippines women national volleyball team and the club Petron Tri-Activ Spikers . Dimaculangan played setter for and was a former captain of the UST Golden Tigresses .'}]}, {'value': 'B.S.S.S . 2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sport_science', 'summary': 'Sports science ( also sports and exercise science , sports medicine ) is a discipline that studies how the healthy human body works during exercise , and how sport and physical activity promote health and performance from cellular to whole body perspectives . The study of sports science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology ( exercise physiology ) , psychology ( sport psychology ) , anatomy , biomechanics , biochemistry , and biokinetics . Sports scientists and performance consultants are growing in demand and employment numbers , with the ever-increasing focus within the sporting world on achieving the best results possible . Through the study of science and sport , researchers have developed a greater understanding on how the human body reacts to exercise , training , different environments and many other stimuli .'}]}, {'value': 'Best server and MVP , UAAP Season 72', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UAAP_Season_72_volleyball_tournaments', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'Lilet Mabbayad', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( no year indicated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rookie of the Year , UAAP Season 68', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UAAP_Season_68', 'summary': "UAAP Season 68 was the 2005-06 season of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines . Several events were held , the most prominent was the basketball tournament . The tournament is divided into three divisions : the Juniors tournament for high school students , the Women 's tournament for female college students , and the Men 's tournament for male college students"}]}, {'value': 'Aiza Maizo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aiza_Maizo', 'summary': 'Pontillas graduated from the University of Santo Tomas with a Bachelor of Science in Food Technology .'}]}, {'value': 'B.S.F.T 2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Food_technology', 'summary': "Food technology is a branch of food science that deals with the production processes that make foods . Early scientific research into food technology concentrated on food preservation . Nicolas Apperts development in 1810 of the canning process was a decisive event . The process wasnt called canning then and Appert did not really know the principle on which his process worked , but canning has had a major impact on food preservation techniques . Louis Pasteur 's research on the spoilage of wine and his description of how to avoid spoilage in 1864 was an early attempt to apply scientific knowledge to food handling . Besides research into wine spoilage , Pasteur researched the production of alcohol , vinegar , wines and beer , and the souring of milk . He developed pasteurization - the process of heating milk and milk products to destroy food spoilage and disease-producing organisms . In his research into food technology , Pasteur became the pioneer into bacteriology and of modern preventive medicine ."}]}, {'value': "Three-time MVP in Shakey 's V-League , Shakey 's V-league season 5 conference 2 Best Server , Season 6 conference 1 Best blocker , season 6 conference 2 conference MVP and finals MVP , Season 7 conference 1 Best attacker and Finals MVP , UAAP Season 71 Best attacker , UAAP Season 73 Best scorer and best receiver", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UAAP_Season_73_volleyball_tournaments', 'summary': "The seniors ' division of the UAAP Season 73 volleyball tournaments opened November 27 , 2010 . Tournaments are hosted by De La Salle University . Tournament games are held at the Filoil Flying V Arena in San Juan City . The juniors ' division tournaments were held on the first semester of the 2010-11 school year ; the UE Pages and the De La Salle Junior Lady Archers won all of their elimination round games in their respective divisions to clinch the championship outright ."}]}, {'value': 'Joyce Pano', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( no year indicated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Best server , Shakey 's V-League 1st Season 1st Conference", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry James Pecaña', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Best receiver , UAAP season 71 ; Finals MVP , UAAP Season 72', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roxanne Pimentel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( no year indicated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former member of the national team', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mozzy Ravena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former middle blocker for UST and the national team ; UAAP and V-League Commentator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nazareno Roque', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MVP , UAAP Season 70', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maria Angeli Tabaquero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Angeli_Tabaquero', 'summary': 'Maria Angeli Tabaquero is a Filipino volleyball athlete . She was a member of the UAAP champion teams of the UST Golden Tigresses ( 2008-2010 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'A.B . Com . Arts 2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mass_communication', 'summary': 'Mass communication is the process of imparting and exchanging information through mass media to large segments of the population . It is usually understood for relating to various forms of media , as these technologies are used for the dissemination of information , of which journalism and advertising are part of . Mass communication differs from other forms of communication , such as interpersonal communication and organizational communication , because it focuses on particular resources transmitting information to numerous receivers . The study of mass communication is chiefly concerned with how the content of mass communication persuades or otherwise affects the behavior , the attitude , opinion , or emotion of the people receiving the information . Normally , transmission of messages to many persons at a time is called mass communication . But in a complete sense , mass communication can be understood as the process of extensive circulation of information within regions and across the globe . Through mass communication , information can be transmitted quickly to many people who generally stay far away from the sources of information . Mass communication is practiced multiple mediums , such as radio , television , social networking , billboards , newspapers , magazines , film , and the Internet .'}]}, {'value': 'Member of the national team', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denise Patricia Tan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A.B . Com . Arts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mass_communication', 'summary': 'Mass communication is the process of imparting and exchanging information through mass media to large segments of the population . It is usually understood for relating to various forms of media , as these technologies are used for the dissemination of information , of which journalism and advertising are part of . Mass communication differs from other forms of communication , such as interpersonal communication and organizational communication , because it focuses on particular resources transmitting information to numerous receivers . The study of mass communication is chiefly concerned with how the content of mass communication persuades or otherwise affects the behavior , the attitude , opinion , or emotion of the people receiving the information . Normally , transmission of messages to many persons at a time is called mass communication . But in a complete sense , mass communication can be understood as the process of extensive circulation of information within regions and across the globe . Through mass communication , information can be transmitted quickly to many people who generally stay far away from the sources of information . Mass communication is practiced multiple mediums , such as radio , television , social networking , billboards , newspapers , magazines , film , and the Internet .'}]}, {'value': 'Best setter , UAAP Season 69', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Paul Torres', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Best scorer , UAAP Season 73 ; Best attacker , UAAP Season 73 ; Most Valuable Player , UAAP Season 73', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alyssa Valdez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alyssa_Valdez', 'summary': "Alyssa Caymo Valdéz ( born June 29 , 1993 ) is a Filipino volleyball player who currently plays for a local club team named Creamline Cool Smashers . She was a star player of the collegiate varsity women 's volleyball team of Ateneo de Manila University in both indoor and beach volleyball , where she brought multiple championship titles and a lot of honor for the university . She is a current member of Philippines national team . Her global recognition paved the way for her to play in other countries like Thailand for 3BB Nakornnont and Chinese Taipei for Attack Line Volleyball Club ."}]}, {'value': 'H.S . 2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/High_school', 'summary': 'A secondary school is an organization that provides secondary education and the building where this takes place . Some secondary schools provide both lower secondary education and upper secondary education ( levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale ) , but these can also be provided in separate schools , as in the American middle and high school system . Secondary schools typically follow on from primary schools and prepare for vocational or tertiary education . Attendance is compulsory in most countries for students until the age of 16 . The organisations , buildings , and terminology are more or less unique in each country .'}]}, {'value': 'MVP , UAAP Season 71 and 72 ; Junior Athlete of the Year , UAAP Season 71', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Sportspeople -- Volleyball', 'section_text': 'See also : UST Golden Tigresses', 'uid': 'List_of_University_of_Santo_Tomas_people_18', 'intro': 'This is a list of notable students, professors, alumni and honorary degree recipients of the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. The following Thomasians were distinguished in various fields such as public service, religion, literary arts, commerce, medicine, among others. The list includes people who have studied at various levels in the university, from elementary up to postgraduate school.'} | null | null | This member of the national team was a Tigress from 2008-2010 , which sport did she play ? | volleyball |
0bcc0d540a7952c5 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_primates_in_animation', 'title': 'List of fictional primates in animation', 'header': ['Ape', 'Species', 'Origin', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Abu', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/List_of_Disney's_Aladdin_characters", 'summary': "Disney 's Aladdin franchise features an extensive cast of fictional characters . The lead character of the series is Aladdin , who was originally a street urchin . During the course of the franchise , he starts living in the palace of Agrabah and becomes engaged to Princess Jasmine ."}]}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monkey', 'summary': 'Monkey is a common name that may refer to groups or species of mammals , in part , the simians of infraorder Simiiformes . The term is applied descriptively to groups of primates , such as families of New World monkeys and Old World monkeys . Many monkey species are tree-dwelling ( arboreal ) , although there are species that live primarily on the ground , such as baboons . Most species are also active during the day ( diurnal ) . Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent , especially the Old World monkeys of Catarrhini . Simians and tarsiers emerged within haplorrhines some 60 million years ago . New World monkeys and catarrhine monkeys emerged within the simians some 35 million years ago . Old World monkeys and Hominoidea emerged within the catarrhine monkeys some 25 million years ago . Extinct basal simians such as Aegyptopithecus or Parapithecus [ 35-32 million years ago ] , eosimiidea and sometimes even the Catarrhini group are also considered monkeys by primatologists . Lemurs , lorises , and galagos are not monkeys ; instead they are strepsirrhine primates . Like monkeys , tarsiers are haplorhine primates ; however , they are also not monkeys . Apes emerged within monkeys as sister of the Cercopithecidae in the Catarrhini , so cladistically they are monkeys as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Aladdin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)', 'summary': "Aladdin is a 1992 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The film is the 31st Disney animated feature film , and was the fourth produced during the Disney film era known as the Disney Renaissance . It was produced and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker , and is based on the Arabic folktale of the same name from the One Thousand and One Nights . The voice cast features Scott Weinger , Robin Williams , Linda Larkin , Jonathan Freeman , Frank Welker , Gilbert Gottfried and Douglas Seale . The film follows Aladdin , an Arabian street urchin , who finds a magic lamp containing a genie . In order to hide the lamp from the Grand vizier , he disguises himself as a wealthy prince , and tries to impress the Sultan and his daughter . Lyricist Howard Ashman first pitched the idea , and the screenplay went through three drafts before then-Disney Studios president Jeffrey Katzenberg agreed to its production . The animators based their designs on the work of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld , and computers were used for both finishing the artwork and creating some animated elements . The musical score was written by Alan Menken and features six songs with lyrics written by both Ashman and Tim Rice , who took over after Ashman 's death . Aladdin was released on November 25 , 1992 , to critical and commercial success , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1992 with an earn of over $ 504 million in worldwide box office revenue . Upon release , it became the first animated feature to reach the half-billion dollar mark , and was the highest-grossing animated film of all time until it was surpassed by The Lion King . Aladdin garnered two Academy Awards , as well as other accolades for its soundtrack which had the first and only number from a Disney feature to earn a Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the film 's theme song ."}]}, {'value': "Aladdin 's best friend and sidekick", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alakazam', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Macaque', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macaque', 'summary': 'The macaques ( /məˈkɑːk/ or /məˈkæk/ ) constitute a genus ( Macaca ) of gregarious Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae . The 23 species of macaques inhabit ranges throughout Asia , North Africa , and ( in one instance ) Gibraltar . Macaques are principally frugivorous , although their diet also includes seeds , leaves , flowers , and tree bark . Some species , such as the crab-eating macaque , subsist on a diet of invertebrates and occasionally small vertebrates . On average , southern pig-tailed macaques in Malaysia eat about 70 large rats each per year . All macaque social groups are matriarchal , arranged around dominant females . Macaques are found in a variety of habitats throughout the Asian continent and are highly adaptable . Certain species have learned to live with humans and have become invasive in some human-settled environments , such as the island of Mauritius and Silver Springs State Park in Florida . Macaques can be a threat to wildlife conservation as well as to human well-being via carrying transmittable and fatal diseases . Currently , invasive species of macaques are handled with several control methods .'}]}, {'value': 'Alakazam the Great', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alakazam_the_Great', 'summary': 'Alakazam the Great ( 西遊記 , Saiyūki , lit . Journey to the West ) is a 1960 Japanese musical anime film , based on the Chinese novel Journey to the West , and was one of the earliest anime films to be released in the United States . Osamu Tezuka was named as a director of the film by Toei Company . However , Tezuka later stated that the only time he was in the studio was to pose for publicity photos . His involvement in promoting the film , however , led to his interest in animation .'}]}, {'value': 'Is encouraged by monkeys to become their king . As a king he is rude and arrogant . His arrogance intensifies until King Amo teaches him a lesson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baboon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skunk_Fu!', 'summary': "Skunk Fu ! is an Irish/British animated children 's television series featuring the fables of anthropomorphic animals protecting their valley using martial arts . The show chronicles the adventures of young Skunk , training with his Kung Fu master , Panda , with the support of Rabbit , Fox , Turtle , and others , who directly , or inadvertently , also help Skunk grow . The show won the IFTA award for Best Animation . In addition to an English soundtrack , Irish-language , French-language , Japanese-language , and Dutch-language soundtracks were initially produced ."}]}, {'value': 'Baboon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baboon', 'summary': 'Baboons are primates comprising the genus Papio , one of the 23 genera of Old World monkeys . The common names of the five species of baboons are the hamadryas , the Guinea ( also called the western and the red ) , the olive , the yellow , and the chacma baboons . They are each native to one of five specific areas of Africa , and the hamadryas baboon is also native to part of the Arabian Peninsula . They are among the largest non-hominoid primates . Baboons have existed for at least two million years . Baboons vary in size and weight depending on the species . The smallest , the Kinda Baboon , is 50 cm ( 20 in ) in length and weighs only 14 kg ( 31 lb ) , while the largest , the chacma baboon , is up to 120 cm ( 47 in ) in length and weighs 40 kg ( 88 lb ) . All baboons have long , dog-like muzzles , heavy , powerful jaws with sharp canine teeth , close-set eyes , thick fur except on their muzzles , short tails , and nerveless , hairless pads of skin on their protruding buttocks called ischial callosities that provide for sitting comfort . Male hamadryas baboons have large white manes . Baboons exhibit sexual dimorphism in size , colour and/or canine teeth development . Baboons have diurnality and are terrestrial , but sleep in trees , or on high cliffs or rocks at night , away from predators . They are found in open savannahs and woodlands across Africa .'}]}, {'value': 'Skunk Fu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skunk_Fu!', 'summary': "Skunk Fu ! is an Irish/British animated children 's television series featuring the fables of anthropomorphic animals protecting their valley using martial arts . The show chronicles the adventures of young Skunk , training with his Kung Fu master , Panda , with the support of Rabbit , Fox , Turtle , and others , who directly , or inadvertently , also help Skunk grow . The show won the IFTA award for Best Animation . In addition to an English soundtrack , Irish-language , French-language , Japanese-language , and Dutch-language soundtracks were initially produced ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Big Baboon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olive baboon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olive_baboon', 'summary': 'The olive baboon ( Papio anubis ) , also called the Anubis baboon , is a member of the family Cercopithecidae ( Old World monkeys ) . The species is the most wide-ranging of all baboons , being found in 25 countries throughout Africa , extending from Mali eastward to Ethiopia and Tanzania . Isolated populations are also present in some mountainous regions of the Sahara . It inhabits savannahs , steppes , and forests . The common name is derived from its coat colour , which is a shade of green-grey at a distance . A variety of communications , vocal and non-vocal , facilitate a complex social structure .'}]}, {'value': 'The Lion Guard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Lion_Guard', 'summary': "The Lion Guard is an American animated television series developed by Ford Riley and based on Disney 's 1994 film The Lion King . The series was first broadcast with a television film titled The Lion Guard : Return of the Roar on Disney Junior on November 22 , 2015 , and began airing as a TV series on January 15 , 2016 , on Disney Junior . It is the second television series to be based on The Lion King , the first being Timon & Pumbaa . The Lion Guard is a sequel to The Lion King and takes place during the time-gap within the 1998 film The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , with the third and final season taking place in parallel with the film 's second act , followed by the final two episodes of the series serving as a continuation to the film . The second season premiered on July 7 , 2017 . A third season was commissioned on March 15 , 2017 , and premiered on August 3 , 2019 . The first eight episodes of season 3 became available on demand and the DisneyNow app on the same day . The series ended on November 3 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'An olive baboon who is the leader of his troop', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blip', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Space Ghost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Space_Ghost', 'summary': 'Space Ghost ( Thaddeus Bach ) is a fictional character created by Hanna-Barbera Productions and designed by Alex Toth for CBS in the 1960s . In his original incarnation , he was a superhero who , with his teen sidekicks Jan , Jace , and Blip the monkey , fought supervillains in outer space . In the 1990s , Space Ghost was brought back as a host for his own fictional late-night talk show , Space Ghost Coast to Coast , on Cartoon Network and Adult Swim . In the 2000s , he was revamped as a serious superhero once again in a mini-series by DC Comics .'}]}, {'value': "One of Space Ghost 's sidekicks", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bubbles', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dragon Ball Z', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dragon_Ball_Z', 'summary': "Dragon Ball Z , Hepburn : Doragon Bōru Zetto , commonly abbreviated as DBZ ) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation . It is the sequel to Dragon Ball and adapts the latter 325 chapters of the original 519-chapter Dragon Ball manga series created by Akira Toriyama which ran in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1988 to 1995 . Dragon Ball Z aired in Japan on Fuji TV from April 26 , 1989 to January 31 , 1996 , before getting dubbed in territories including the United States , Canada , Australia , Europe , Asia , and Latin America . It was broadcast in at least 81 countries worldwide . It is part of the Dragon Ball media franchise . Dragon Ball Z continues the adventures of Goku , who , along with his companions , defend the Earth against villains ranging from aliens ( Frieza ) , androids ( Cell ) and other creatures ( Majin Buu ) . While the original Dragon Ball anime followed Goku from childhood to early adulthood , Dragon Ball Z is a continuation of his adult life , but at the same time parallels the life of his son , Gohan , as well as the development of his rival Vegeta . Due to the success of the anime in the United States , the manga chapters making up its story were initially released by Viz Media under the Dragon Ball Z title . Dragon Ball Z 's popularity has spawned numerous releases which have come to represent the majority of content in the Dragon Ball franchise ; including 15 movies , 2 TV specials , and 148 video games ( many of them being only released in Japan ) , and a host of soundtracks stemming from this material . Dragon Ball Z remains a cultural icon through numerous adaptations and re-releases , including a more-recent remastered broadcast titled Dragon Ball Kai . [ a ] There have also been two sequel series ; Dragon Ball GT ( 1996-1997 ) and Dragon Ball Super ( 2015-2018 ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boots', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dora_the_Explorer', 'summary': 'Dora the Explorer is an American animated television series created by Chris Gifford , Valerie Walsh Valdes and Eric Weiner that premiered on Nickelodeon on August 14 , 2000 . The series is produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio and is one of the longest-running series that aired on the Nick Jr. block .'}]}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monkey', 'summary': 'Monkey is a common name that may refer to groups or species of mammals , in part , the simians of infraorder Simiiformes . The term is applied descriptively to groups of primates , such as families of New World monkeys and Old World monkeys . Many monkey species are tree-dwelling ( arboreal ) , although there are species that live primarily on the ground , such as baboons . Most species are also active during the day ( diurnal ) . Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent , especially the Old World monkeys of Catarrhini . Simians and tarsiers emerged within haplorrhines some 60 million years ago . New World monkeys and catarrhine monkeys emerged within the simians some 35 million years ago . Old World monkeys and Hominoidea emerged within the catarrhine monkeys some 25 million years ago . Extinct basal simians such as Aegyptopithecus or Parapithecus [ 35-32 million years ago ] , eosimiidea and sometimes even the Catarrhini group are also considered monkeys by primatologists . Lemurs , lorises , and galagos are not monkeys ; instead they are strepsirrhine primates . Like monkeys , tarsiers are haplorhine primates ; however , they are also not monkeys . Apes emerged within monkeys as sister of the Cercopithecidae in the Catarrhini , so cladistically they are monkeys as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Dora the Explorer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dora_the_Explorer', 'summary': 'Dora the Explorer is an American animated television series created by Chris Gifford , Valerie Walsh Valdes and Eric Weiner that premiered on Nickelodeon on August 14 , 2000 . The series is produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio and is one of the longest-running series that aired on the Nick Jr. block .'}]}, {'value': 'A 5-year-old monkey whom Dora met one day in the forest , is her best friend . He is friendly and enthusiastic , and usually wears nothing but his beloved red boots', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buddhist Monkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Happy_Tree_Friends_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of fictional characters from Happy Tree Friends . There are 24 main characters , and some other supporting characters . To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series in 2010 , the creators of the show announced that there would be one more character added to Happy Tree Friends in the near future . The candidates were a sheep/lamb named Lammy and a pig named Truffles . The voting took place during the month of March 2010 , and the winner was Lammy , who has featured in most of the latest episodes . Even though Truffles lost the vote , he still cameos in some episodes .'}]}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Happy Tree Friends', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Happy_Tree_Friends', 'summary': "Happy Tree Friends is an American adult animated web series created by Aubrey Ankrum , Rhode Montijo and Kenn Navarro , and developed by Montijo , Navarro and Warren Graff for Mondo Media . The show has achieved a cult following on YouTube . The series is a juxtaposition of cute cartoon anthropomorphic forest animals , in premises akin of children 's shows , who are suddenly subjected to extreme graphic violence . Each episode revolves around the characters enduring accidental or deliberately inflicted pain or mutilation ."}]}, {'value': 'He is golden yellow and wears a brown-orange robe with brown beads and has a pattern of brown dots in the shape of a square on his forehead', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Captain Huggy Face', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Captain_Huggy_Face', 'summary': "WordGirl is an American children 's educational animated television series produced by the Soup2Nuts animation unit of Scholastic Entertainment for PBS Kids . The show began as a series of shorts entitled The Amazing Colossal Adventures of WordGirl that premiered on PBS Kids Go ! on November 10 , 2006 , usually shown at the end of Maya & Miguel ; the segment was then spun off into a new thirty-minute episodic series that premiered on September 3 , 2007 on most PBS member stations . All four full-episode seasons each have twenty-six episodes , while the preceding series of shorts had thirty . By late 2014 , most PBS stations from coast to coast had stopped airing WordGirl . [ citation needed ] New episodes appeared only on the PBS Kids website or PBS Kids video app . The series ended with the two-part episode Rhyme and Reason , which was released online on August 7 , 2015 . The show was created for children ages 4 to 9 , even though it has a TV-Y7 rating in the U.S ."}]}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WordGirl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WordGirl', 'summary': "WordGirl is an American children 's educational animated television series produced by the Soup2Nuts animation unit of Scholastic Entertainment for PBS Kids . The show began as a series of shorts entitled The Amazing Colossal Adventures of WordGirl that premiered on PBS Kids Go ! on November 10 , 2006 , usually shown at the end of Maya & Miguel ; the segment was then spun off into a new thirty-minute episodic series that premiered on September 3 , 2007 on most PBS member stations . All four full-episode seasons each have twenty-six episodes , while the preceding series of shorts had thirty . By late 2014 , most PBS stations from coast to coast had stopped airing WordGirl . [ citation needed ] New episodes appeared only on the PBS Kids website or PBS Kids video app . The series ended with the two-part episode Rhyme and Reason , which was released online on August 7 , 2015 . The show was created for children ages 4 to 9 , even though it has a TV-Y7 rating in the U.S ."}]}, {'value': "WordGirl 's sidekick . Also known as Bob", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ete-kichi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jungle King Tar-chan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jungle_King_Tar-chan', 'summary': 'Jungle King Tar-chan ( Japanese : ジャングルの王者ターちゃん , Hepburn : Janguru no Ōja Tā-chan ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masaya Tokuhiro . The manga was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from March 1988 to June 1990 . Midway through serialization , its name was changed to New Jungle King Tar-chan ( 新ジャングルの王者ターちゃん , Shin Janguru no Ōja Tā-chan ) , and continued until April 1995 . The manga was adapted into a fifty-episode anime television series by Group TAC broadcast on TV Tokyo between October 1993 and September 1994 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evil Monkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evil_monkey', 'summary': "Christopher Cross Chris Griffin is a fictional character from the animated television series Family Guy . He is the middle child of Peter and Lois Griffin and brother of Stewie and Meg Griffin . He is voiced by Seth Green and first appeared on television , along with the rest of the Griffin family , in a 15-minute short on December 20 , 1998 . Chris was created and designed by MacFarlane himself , who was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company , based on The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve , two shorts made by MacFarlane featuring a middle-aged man named Larry and an intellectual dog , Steve . After the pilot was given the greenlight , the Griffin family appeared in the episode Death Has a Shadow . Originally designed as a somewhat gregarious , yet still unintelligent teenager , Chris became more awkward and idiotic over the course of the show . Running gags in the series involving Chris include the existence of an 'Evil Monkey ' in his closet ( though it is later revealed that the monkey is not evil ) , him masturbating frequently , and his pedophile admirer Herbert ."}]}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Family Guy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Family_Guy', 'summary': "Family Guy is an American animated sitcom television series created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series centers on the Griffins , a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois ; their children , Meg , Chris , and Stewie ; and their anthropomorphic pet dog , Brian . The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog , Rhode Island , and exhibits much of its surreal & dark humor in the form of metafictional cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films , The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve . MacFarlane redesigned the films ' protagonist , Larry , and his dog , Steve , and renamed them Peter and Brian , respectively . MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox in 1998 , and the show was greenlit and began production . Shortly after the third season of Family Guy had aired in 2002 , Fox canceled the series with one episode left unaired . Adult Swim aired that episode in 2003 , finishing the series ' original run . However , favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season , which began airing on May 1 , 2005 . Since its debut on January 31 , 1999 , 340 episodes of Family Guy have been broadcast . Its eighteenth season began on September 29 , 2019 . The show has been widely acclaimed , prompting Family Guy to be nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards , and has won three of each ."}]}, {'value': 'The evil monkey that torments Chris Griffin in Family Guy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evil_monkey', 'summary': "Christopher Cross Chris Griffin is a fictional character from the animated television series Family Guy . He is the middle child of Peter and Lois Griffin and brother of Stewie and Meg Griffin . He is voiced by Seth Green and first appeared on television , along with the rest of the Griffin family , in a 15-minute short on December 20 , 1998 . Chris was created and designed by MacFarlane himself , who was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company , based on The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve , two shorts made by MacFarlane featuring a middle-aged man named Larry and an intellectual dog , Steve . After the pilot was given the greenlight , the Griffin family appeared in the episode Death Has a Shadow . Originally designed as a somewhat gregarious , yet still unintelligent teenager , Chris became more awkward and idiotic over the course of the show . Running gags in the series involving Chris include the existence of an 'Evil Monkey ' in his closet ( though it is later revealed that the monkey is not evil ) , him masturbating frequently , and his pedophile admirer Herbert ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chris_Griffin', 'summary': "Christopher Cross Chris Griffin is a fictional character from the animated television series Family Guy . He is the middle child of Peter and Lois Griffin and brother of Stewie and Meg Griffin . He is voiced by Seth Green and first appeared on television , along with the rest of the Griffin family , in a 15-minute short on December 20 , 1998 . Chris was created and designed by MacFarlane himself , who was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company , based on The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve , two shorts made by MacFarlane featuring a middle-aged man named Larry and an intellectual dog , Steve . After the pilot was given the greenlight , the Griffin family appeared in the episode Death Has a Shadow . Originally designed as a somewhat gregarious , yet still unintelligent teenager , Chris became more awkward and idiotic over the course of the show . Running gags in the series involving Chris include the existence of an 'Evil Monkey ' in his closet ( though it is later revealed that the monkey is not evil ) , him masturbating frequently , and his pedophile admirer Herbert ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Family_Guy', 'summary': "Family Guy is an American animated sitcom television series created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series centers on the Griffins , a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois ; their children , Meg , Chris , and Stewie ; and their anthropomorphic pet dog , Brian . The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog , Rhode Island , and exhibits much of its surreal & dark humor in the form of metafictional cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films , The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve . MacFarlane redesigned the films ' protagonist , Larry , and his dog , Steve , and renamed them Peter and Brian , respectively . MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox in 1998 , and the show was greenlit and began production . Shortly after the third season of Family Guy had aired in 2002 , Fox canceled the series with one episode left unaired . Adult Swim aired that episode in 2003 , finishing the series ' original run . However , favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season , which began airing on May 1 , 2005 . Since its debut on January 31 , 1999 , 340 episodes of Family Guy have been broadcast . Its eighteenth season began on September 29 , 2019 . The show has been widely acclaimed , prompting Family Guy to be nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards , and has won three of each ."}]}, {'value': 'Furge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seitokai Yakuindomo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seitokai_Yakuindomo', 'summary': "Seitokai Yakuindomo ( 生徒会役員共 , Student Council Staff Members ) is a Japanese four-panel manga series written and illustrated by Tozen Ujiie . The series began serialization in the June 2007 issue of Kodansha 's Magazine Special and ran in that magazine until the July 2008 issue , where it was thereafter transferred to Kodansha 's Weekly Shōnen Magazine in September 2008 , and has been running there since . Chapters are collected and published in collected volumes by Kodansha , with eighteen volumes released as of August 2019 in Japan . A 13-episode anime television series adaptation animated by GoHands aired in Japan between July and September 2010 and has been licensed by Sentai Filmworks . A second anime season aired between January and March 2014 . An anime film premiered in July 2017 , and a second anime film will premiere in July 2020 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goku', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gokudo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gokudo_the_Adventurer', 'summary': "Gokudo-kun the Adventurer ( ゴクドーくん漫遊記 , Gokudō-kun Man'yūki ) is a Japanese light novel series written by Usagi Nakamura and illustrated by Takeru Kirishima . The light novel was first serialized by Kadokawa Shoten in their light novel magazine Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko . It was later adapted into a manga in 1995 and released in Dengeki Daioh magazine . An anime adaptation was produced by Trans Arts and aired on TV Tokyo from 2 April 1999 to 24 September 1999 , with a total of 26 episodes . Enoki Films holds the United States anime license under the name Jester the Adventurer . In 2001 , AnimeWorks translated and released the anime on DVD as simply Gokudo . On 18 July 2016 , Discotek Media announced it had licensed the anime from Enoki Films . A DVD collection was released on 27 September later that year ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Curious_George', 'summary': "Curious George is the main character of a series of popular children 's books and TV episodes of the same name , written by Margret and H. A. Rey . George ( who is referred to as a monkey in the books ) was brought from his home in Africa by The Man with The Yellow Hat . They are best friends and they live together in the city and the country . The names of these areas have not been declared yet . When the first story , Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys , was published in France in 1939 , George was named Fifi . In the United Kingdom , George was originally called Zozo in 1941 , apparently to avoid using the name of the then King George VI for an ape . Books featuring the adventures of Curious George have been translated from the original French into many other languages in addition to English . The books have been adapted into several television series and films ."}]}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Curious George', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Curious_George', 'summary': "Curious George is the main character of a series of popular children 's books and TV episodes of the same name , written by Margret and H. A. Rey . George ( who is referred to as a monkey in the books ) was brought from his home in Africa by The Man with The Yellow Hat . They are best friends and they live together in the city and the country . The names of these areas have not been declared yet . When the first story , Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys , was published in France in 1939 , George was named Fifi . In the United Kingdom , George was originally called Zozo in 1941 , apparently to avoid using the name of the then King George VI for an ape . Books featuring the adventures of Curious George have been translated from the original French into many other languages in addition to English . The books have been adapted into several television series and films ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giggles and Tickles', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': '64 Zoo Lane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/64_Zoo_Lane', 'summary': "64 Zoo Lane is a British-French children 's cartoon created by English author An Vrombaut . The series was produced by Millimages , Zoo Lane Productions , and La Cinquième . The series premiered in 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Two monkeys who like to tickle each other', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gleek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gleek_(Super_Friends)', 'summary': "Gleek is a fictional character appearing in the animated series Super Friends and its related spinoffs . Gleek is the pet of the alien Wonder Twins , Zan and Jayna . He debuted in The All-New Super Friends Hour , which first aired September 10 , 1977 . Gleek 's vocalizations were provided by Michael Bell who also voiced Zan ."}]}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Super Friends', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_Friends', 'summary': 'Super Friends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes , which ran from 1973 to 1985 on ABC as part of its Saturday-morning cartoon lineup . It was produced by Hanna-Barbera and was based on the Justice League of America and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics . The name of the program ( and the Justice League members featured with the Super Friends ) has been variously represented ( as Super Friends and Challenge of the Super Friends , for example ) at different points in its broadcast history . There were a total of 109 episodes and two backdoor-pilot episodes of The New Scooby-Doo Movies , with Batman and Robin appearing in The Dynamic Scooby-Doo Affair and The Caped Crusader Caper .'}]}, {'value': 'A blue space monkey and the pet of Zan and Jayna , the Wonder Twins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wonder_Twins', 'summary': "The Wonder Twins ( Zan and Jayna ) are a fictional extraterrestrial twin brother and sister superhero duo who first appeared in Hanna-Barbera 's American animated television series The All-New Super Friends Hour . The pair can active their superpowers by touching hands and saying the phrase Wonder Twin powers , activate ! Jayna can transform her shape into any animal , and Zan can become water in any state . The pair also have a pet monkey , Gleek , who assists in their crime-fighting activities . They subsequently appeared in comics based on the animated series , and were later introduced into the main DC Comics Universe . They have since appeared in other media , including the animated series Teen Titans Go ! and the live-action TV series Smallville ."}]}, {'value': 'I.R . Baboon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/I_Am_Weasel', 'summary': "I Am Weasel is an American animated television series created by David Feiss for Cartoon Network , at the studio of Hanna-Barbera . It is the fourth of the network 's Cartoon Cartoons . The series centers on I. M. Weasel , a smart , beloved and highly successful weasel , and I. R. Baboon , an unsuccessful , unintelligent baboon who is jealous of Weasel 's success and constantly tries to upstage him , usually failing to do so . It was originally a part of Cow and Chicken from 1997 to 1999 , in the first four seasons , often airing as the third of three segments in an episode ( except in one occurrence , where it was a second segment between the two other parts ) . Eventually , I Am Weasel was spun off into its own series : a fifth season with 27 new episodes aired from June 10 , 1999 , to early 2000 and joined the original 61 which were previously part of Cow and Chicken ; the entire series includes 79 episodes overall ."}]}, {'value': 'Baboon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baboon', 'summary': 'Baboons are primates comprising the genus Papio , one of the 23 genera of Old World monkeys . The common names of the five species of baboons are the hamadryas , the Guinea ( also called the western and the red ) , the olive , the yellow , and the chacma baboons . They are each native to one of five specific areas of Africa , and the hamadryas baboon is also native to part of the Arabian Peninsula . They are among the largest non-hominoid primates . Baboons have existed for at least two million years . Baboons vary in size and weight depending on the species . The smallest , the Kinda Baboon , is 50 cm ( 20 in ) in length and weighs only 14 kg ( 31 lb ) , while the largest , the chacma baboon , is up to 120 cm ( 47 in ) in length and weighs 40 kg ( 88 lb ) . All baboons have long , dog-like muzzles , heavy , powerful jaws with sharp canine teeth , close-set eyes , thick fur except on their muzzles , short tails , and nerveless , hairless pads of skin on their protruding buttocks called ischial callosities that provide for sitting comfort . Male hamadryas baboons have large white manes . Baboons exhibit sexual dimorphism in size , colour and/or canine teeth development . Baboons have diurnality and are terrestrial , but sleep in trees , or on high cliffs or rocks at night , away from predators . They are found in open savannahs and woodlands across Africa .'}]}, {'value': 'I Am Weasel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/I_Am_Weasel', 'summary': "I Am Weasel is an American animated television series created by David Feiss for Cartoon Network , at the studio of Hanna-Barbera . It is the fourth of the network 's Cartoon Cartoons . The series centers on I. M. Weasel , a smart , beloved and highly successful weasel , and I. R. Baboon , an unsuccessful , unintelligent baboon who is jealous of Weasel 's success and constantly tries to upstage him , usually failing to do so . It was originally a part of Cow and Chicken from 1997 to 1999 , in the first four seasons , often airing as the third of three segments in an episode ( except in one occurrence , where it was a second segment between the two other parts ) . Eventually , I Am Weasel was spun off into its own series : a fifth season with 27 new episodes aired from June 10 , 1999 , to early 2000 and joined the original 61 which were previously part of Cow and Chicken ; the entire series includes 79 episodes overall ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jacob P. Jake Spidermonkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jake_Spidermonkey', 'summary': "My Gym Partner 's a Monkey is an American animated television series that was created by Tim Cahill and Julie McNally Cahill and produced by Cartoon Network Studios . The series was aired on Cartoon Network from December 26 , 2005 to November 27 , 2008 . The series follows Adam Lyon , a human who , after a clerical error listed his surname as Lion , is forced to transfer to Charles Darwin Middle School , a school for local anthropomorphic zoo animals , where he is partnered with Jake Spidermonkey in gym , and quickly becomes best friends with him . Two DVD volumes have been released in 2007 and 2008 in Australia . The animation was provided by Saerom Animation , who also did animation work for other Cartoon Network shows , such as Adventure Time , Regular Show , and The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack . My Gym Partner 's a Monkey was a ratings success for Cartoon Network , gaining millions of viewers . The series was met with generally positive reviews from critics . It was nominated for four Annie Awards and won an Emmy Award ."}]}, {'value': 'Spider monkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spider_monkey', 'summary': 'Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus Ateles , part of the subfamily Atelinae , family Atelidae . Like other atelines , they are found in tropical forests of Central and South America , from southern Mexico to Brazil . The genus contains seven species , all of which are under threat ; the black-headed spider monkey and brown spider monkey are critically endangered . They are also notable for their ability to be easily bred in captivity . Disproportionately long limbs and long prehensile tails make them one of the largest New World monkeys and give rise to their common name . Spider monkeys live in the upper layers of the rainforest , and forage in the high canopy , from 25 to 30 m ( 82 to 98 ft ) . They primarily eat fruits , but will also occasionally consume leaves , flowers , and insects . Due to their large size , spider monkeys require large tracts of moist evergreen forests , and prefer undisturbed primary rainforest . They are social animals and live in bands of up to 35 individuals but will split up to forage during the day . Recent meta-analyses on primate cognition studies indicated spider monkeys are the most intelligent New World monkeys . They can produce a wide range of sounds and will bark when threatened ; other vocalisations include a whinny similar to a horse and prolonged screams . They are an important food source due to their large size , so are widely hunted by local human populations ; they are also threatened by habitat destruction due to logging and land clearing .'}]}, {'value': "My Gym Partner 's a Monkey", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/My_Gym_Partner's_a_Monkey", 'summary': "My Gym Partner 's a Monkey is an American animated television series that was created by Tim Cahill and Julie McNally Cahill and produced by Cartoon Network Studios . The series was aired on Cartoon Network from December 26 , 2005 to November 27 , 2008 . The series follows Adam Lyon , a human who , after a clerical error listed his surname as Lion , is forced to transfer to Charles Darwin Middle School , a school for local anthropomorphic zoo animals , where he is partnered with Jake Spidermonkey in gym , and quickly becomes best friends with him . Two DVD volumes have been released in 2007 and 2008 in Australia . The animation was provided by Saerom Animation , who also did animation work for other Cartoon Network shows , such as Adventure Time , Regular Show , and The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack . My Gym Partner 's a Monkey was a ratings success for Cartoon Network , gaining millions of viewers . The series was met with generally positive reviews from critics . It was nominated for four Annie Awards and won an Emmy Award ."}]}, {'value': "Adam 's best friend", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kiki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiki_the_Hyperactive_Monkey_of_Sentosa', 'summary': "Magical Sentosa ( also known as Sentosa Magique [ in French ] or 神奇圣淘沙 [ in Chinese ] ) was a multimedia nighttime show hosted at the Sentosa Musical Fountain on the resort island of Sentosa , Singapore . The multimedia show is the last musical to be staged on the fountain itself . The musical ran for less than five years before being eventually discontinued in 2007 and replaced by Songs of the Sea . The show was conceived using ideas from an earlier ECA2 production in France , titled Le Lac Aux Images , using some of the characters and plot elements of the previous show . The plot centers around fountain master , Mr Whamsey , and the maniacal antics of Kiki the Hyperactive Monkey of Sentosa , both of whom serve as the show 's main hosts . The show was known internally at ECA2 as Sentosa Water and Fire Fantasy Show ."}]}, {'value': 'Monkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magical Sentosa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magical_Sentosa', 'summary': "Magical Sentosa ( also known as Sentosa Magique [ in French ] or 神奇圣淘沙 [ in Chinese ] ) was a multimedia nighttime show hosted at the Sentosa Musical Fountain on the resort island of Sentosa , Singapore . The multimedia show is the last musical to be staged on the fountain itself . The musical ran for less than five years before being eventually discontinued in 2007 and replaced by Songs of the Sea . The show was conceived using ideas from an earlier ECA2 production in France , titled Le Lac Aux Images , using some of the characters and plot elements of the previous show . The plot centers around fountain master , Mr Whamsey , and the maniacal antics of Kiki the Hyperactive Monkey of Sentosa , both of whom serve as the show 's main hosts . The show was known internally at ECA2 as Sentosa Water and Fire Fantasy Show ."}]}, {'value': 'He is the former mascot of Sentosa , Singapore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sentosa', 'summary': "Sentosa Island , also known as Sentosa , is an island located at the Central Region , Singapore . Formerly used as a British military base and then a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp , the island was renamed Sentosa and was planned to be a popular tourist destination . It is now home to a popular resort that receives more than twenty million visitors per year . Attractions include a 2 km ( 1.2 mi ) long sheltered beach , Fort Siloso , two golf courses , 14 hotels and the Resorts World Sentosa , which features the Universal Studios Singapore theme park and one of Singapore 's two casinos , the other being Marina Bay Sands . Sentosa is also widely known as being the location of the 2018 North Korea-United States Singapore Summit , where North Korean Chairman Kim Jong-un and U.S. President Donald Trump met at the Capella Hotel located on the island . This was the first-ever meeting between the leaders of North Korea and the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Singapore', 'summary': "Singapore ( /ˈsɪŋ ( ɡ ) əpɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia . Singapore is located about one degree ( 137 kilometres or 85 miles ) north of the equator , and is situated off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , and by extension , the southernmost extremity of continental Asia . The island country shares its southern maritime border with Indonesia 's Riau Islands , its northern , western , and eastern maritime borders with the Johor state of Peninsular Malaysia , and is in the vicinity of Sumatra to its west and Borneo to its east . It is enveloped by the littoral waters of the Johore Strait to its north and the Singapore Strait to its south , and is geographically positioned within the confluence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans , being bounded by the Malacca Strait to its west and the South China Sea to its east . The country 's territory is composed of one main island and 58 smaller islets , the combined area of which has increased by almost 25% since the country 's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects . Although Singapore has been a constituent part of several Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empires and Islamic sultanates throughout its millennia-long history , modern Singapore , then part of the erstwhile Johor Sultanate , was founded in 1819 when Stamford Raffles , a British colonial officer , established a trading post of the East India Company on the island . In 1824 , the island and its satellite islets were fully ceded by the Johor Sultanate , and in 1826 , Singapore was incorporated into the Straits Settlements , a group of East India Company territories in the Malay peninsula . From 1830 to 1858 , the Straits Settlements were administered as a Malayan subdivision of the East India Company 's Bengal Presidency ; following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the Presidency and its constituent Settlements were reorganised into the British Raj . In 1867 , Britain 's colonial holdings in the Malay archipelago were separated from British India , and the administration of the Straits Settlements was transferred from Calcutta to London , bringing the Straits Settlements under the direct control of the British Crown as a crown colony . From 1867 to the 1940s , Singapore grew into a successful entrepôt that attracted settlers and sojourners from the region and beyond . During the Second World War , Imperial Japan successfully invaded Singapore , resulting in an interregnum of British rule corresponding with a brief Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945 . Following Japan 's surrender in 1945 , the Straits Settlements were dissolved , with Singapore being returned to British control as a standalone crown colony in 1946 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lazlo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lazlo_(Camp_Lazlo)', 'summary': "Camp Lazlo is an American animated television series created by Joe Murray . It features a large cast of anthropomorphic animal characters . The series takes place in Camp Kidney , a Boy Scout summer camp in the fictional town of Prickly Pines . The cartoon is set in a universe inhabited solely by anthropomorphic animals of many species and focuses on a trio of campers attending a poorly run summer camp known as Camp Kidney ; the series focuses on three bean scouts : Lazlo the eccentric , optimistic monkey , Raj the Indian elephant , and Clam the albino pygmy rhinoceros . Other characters include the Camp Kidney staff , including the ill-tempered Scoutmaster Lumpus and his mild-mannered assistant Slinkman the banana slug . The program also features Lazlo 's assortment of fellow campers , characters from a rival summer camp attended solely by girls , and some of the odd locales of the town of Prickly Pines . Lazlo won the award for Best New Character at the Pulcinella Awards in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'Spider monkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spider_monkey', 'summary': 'Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus Ateles , part of the subfamily Atelinae , family Atelidae . Like other atelines , they are found in tropical forests of Central and South America , from southern Mexico to Brazil . The genus contains seven species , all of which are under threat ; the black-headed spider monkey and brown spider monkey are critically endangered . They are also notable for their ability to be easily bred in captivity . Disproportionately long limbs and long prehensile tails make them one of the largest New World monkeys and give rise to their common name . Spider monkeys live in the upper layers of the rainforest , and forage in the high canopy , from 25 to 30 m ( 82 to 98 ft ) . They primarily eat fruits , but will also occasionally consume leaves , flowers , and insects . Due to their large size , spider monkeys require large tracts of moist evergreen forests , and prefer undisturbed primary rainforest . They are social animals and live in bands of up to 35 individuals but will split up to forage during the day . Recent meta-analyses on primate cognition studies indicated spider monkeys are the most intelligent New World monkeys . They can produce a wide range of sounds and will bark when threatened ; other vocalisations include a whinny similar to a horse and prolonged screams . They are an important food source due to their large size , so are widely hunted by local human populations ; they are also threatened by habitat destruction due to logging and land clearing .'}]}, {'value': 'Camp Lazlo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camp_Lazlo', 'summary': "Camp Lazlo ( stylized as CAMP LAZLO ! ) is an American animated television series created by Joe Murray for Cartoon Network . It follows Lazlo , an anthropomorphic spider monkey who attends Camp Kidney , a Boy Scout-like summer camp in Pimpleback Mountains . Lazlo resides in the Jelly Bean cabin with his fellow Bean Scouts Raj , an Indian elephant , and Clam , a pygmy rhinoceros . Lazlo is often at odds with his pessimistic camp leader Scoutmaster Lumpus , the second-in-command Slinkman , and other campers . Camp Kidney sits just across the lake from Acorn Flats , which is home to the campsite of the all-female Squirrel Scouts . It was one of the first Cartoon Network Studios series produced in a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9 , despite originally being broadcast in the full screen aspect ratio of 4:3 . Camp Lazlo was produced by Cartoon Network Studios . Its style of humor is similar to the Nickelodeon series Rocko 's Modern Life , which Murray also created and worked on , and SpongeBob SquarePants . The series premiered on Cartoon Network on July 8 , 2005 , at 8:00 p.m. ET/PT . The series ran for five seasons comprising 61 episodes and the hour-long television special , Where 's Lazlo ? . The final episode aired on March 27 , 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Monkeys', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_fictional_primates_in_animation_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of fictional primates in animation, and is a subsidiary to the list of fictional primates. Non-tailed primates such as chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans are included in the Apes section. Tailed primates such as monkeys, baboons, aye-ayes and marmosets are included in the Monkeys section. This list does not include humans, prehistoric human related species and humanoids.'} | null | null | How many characters are in the show with the monkey that has brown dots on its head ? | 24 |
0bcc62dc5b5c71a9 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Shah_Rukh_Khan', 'title': 'List of awards and nominations received by Shah Rukh Khan', 'header': ['Year', 'Award and honour', 'Government'], 'data': [{'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Best Indian Citizen Award', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Government of India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Government_of_India', 'summary': 'The Government of India ( ISO : Bhārat Sarkār ) , often abbreviated as GoI , is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative , executive and judicial authority of the union of twenty eight states and nine union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic . It is located in New Delhi , the capital of India .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rajiv Gandhi Award for Excellence in the Field of Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi', 'summary': "Rajiv Ratna Gandhi ( /ˈrɑːdʒiːv ˈɡɑːndiː/ ( listen ) ; 20 August 1944 - 21 May 1991 ) was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989 . He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother , Prime Minister Indira Gandhi , to become the youngest Indian Prime Minister at the age of 40 . Gandhi was a scion of the politically powerful Nehru-Gandhi family , which had been associated with the Indian National Congress party . For much of his childhood , his maternal grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister . Gandhi attended college in the United Kingdom . He returned to India in 1966 and became a professional pilot for the state-owned Indian Airlines . In 1968 , he married Sonia Gandhi ; the couple settled in Delhi to a domestic life with their children Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra . For much of the 1970s , his mother Indira Gandhi was prime minister and his brother Sanjay Gandhi an MP ; despite this , Rajiv Gandhi remained apolitical . After Sanjay 's death in a fighter plane crash in 1980 , Gandhi reluctantly entered politics at the behest of Indira . The following year he won his brother 's Parliamentary seat of Amethi and became a member of the Lok Sabha - the lower house of India 's Parliament . As part of his political grooming , Rajiv was made general secretary of the Congress party and given significant responsibility in organising the 1982 Asian Games . On the morning of 31 October 1984 , his mother was assassinated by one of her bodyguards ; later that day , Gandhi was appointed Prime Minister ."}]}, {'value': 'Government of India', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Padma Shri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Padma_Shri', 'summary': "Padma Shri ( also Padma Shree ) is the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India , after the Bharat Ratna , the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan . It is awarded by the Government of India , every year on India 's Republic Day ."}]}, {'value': 'Government of India', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres', 'summary': 'The Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ( Order of Arts and Letters ) is an Order of France established on 2 May 1957 by the Minister of Culture . Its supplementary status to the Ordre national du Mérite was confirmed by President Charles de Gaulle in 1963 . Its purpose is the recognition of significant contributions to the arts , literature , or the propagation of these fields . Its origin is attributed to the Order of Saint-Michel ( established 1 August 1469 ) as acknowledged by French government sources .'}]}, {'value': 'Government of France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Government_of_France', 'summary': "The Government of the French Republic ( French : Gouvernement de la République française ) exercises executive power in France . It is composed of the Prime Minister , who is the head of government , and both junior and senior ministers . Senior ministers are titled as Ministers ( French : Ministres ) , whereas junior ministers are titled as Secretaries of State ( French : Secrétaires d'État ) . The Council of Ministers is the main executive organ of the government , and is established in the Constitution and presided over by the President of the Republic ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darjah Mulia Seri Melaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malacca_honours_list', 'summary': 'Malacca is one of the states in Malaysia that awards honours and titles .'}]}, {'value': 'Government of Malacca ( State of Malaysia )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malacca', 'summary': "Malacca ( Malay : Melaka ; Tamil : மலாக்கா , simplified Chinese : 马六甲 ; traditional Chinese : 馬六甲 ; pinyin : Mǎliùjiǎ ) , dubbed The Historic State , is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula , next to the Strait of Malacca . The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the south . The exclave of Cape Rachado also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north . Its capital is Malacca City , which is 148 kilometres ( 92 miles ) southeast of Malaysia 's capital city Kuala Lumpur , 235 kilometres ( 146 miles ) northwest of Johor 's largest city Johor Bahru , and 95 km ( 59 miles ) northwest of Johor 's second largest city , Batu Pahat . This historical city centre has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008 . Although it was the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates , the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered it in 1511 . The head of state is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor , rather than a Sultan . Melaka is famous for its unique history and is one of the major tourist destinations in Malaysia . With a highly strategic state position for international trade routes , Malacca was once a well-known international trade center in the East . Many traders anchored in Malacca , especially traders from Arabia , China and India , traded at the port of Malacca and from there were born many of the descendants and tribes that exist in Malacca to this day . The harmonious life and ambience of the people of Malacca is attributed to the life of various races and ethnicities that have long existed among the local community . Malays , Malaysian Chinese , Malaysian Indians , Baba Nyonya , Kristang , Chitty and Eurasians are important ethnic groups living in the State of Malacca up to the present day ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Black belt honorary in taekwondo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_belt_(martial_arts)', 'summary': 'In East Asian martial arts , the black belt is associated with expertise , but may indicate only competence , depending on the martial art . The use of colored belts is a relatively recent invention dating from the 1880s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Taekwondo', 'summary': 'Taekwondo , Tae Kwon Do or Taekwon-Do ( Korean 태권도/跆拳道 [ tʰɛ.k͈wʌn.do ] ( listen ) , English pronunciation /ˌtaɪkwɒnˈdoʊ/ , or /ˌtaɪˈkwɒndoʊ/ ) is a Korean martial art , characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks , jumping and spinning kicks , and fast kicking techniques . Taekwondo is a combative sport and was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as karate , Chinese martial arts , and indigenous Korean martial arts traditions such as Taekkyon , Subak , and Gwonbeop . The oldest governing body for Taekwondo is the Korea Taekwondo Association ( KTA ) , formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original kwans , or martial arts schools , in Korea . The main international organisational bodies for Taekwondo today are the International Taekwon-Do Federation ( ITF ) , founded by Choi Hong Hi in 1966 , and the partnership of the Kukkiwon and World Taekwondo ( WT , formerly WTF ) , founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the Korea Taekwondo Association . Gyeorugi ( [ kjʌɾuɡi ] ) , a type of full-contact sparring , has been an Olympic event since 2000 . The governing body for Taekwondo in the Olympics and Paralympics is World Taekwondo .'}]}, {'value': 'Government of South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea', 'summary': 'The Government of South Korea is a centralized democratic republic with the three primary branches of government ; executive , legislative and judicial . The president acts at the head of state and is the highest figure of authority in the country , followed by the prime minister and government ministers in decreasing order .'}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LEtoile dOr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Government of Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BrandLaureate Legendary Award', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Government of Malaysia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia', 'summary': 'The Government of Malaysia officially the Federal Government of Malaysia ( Malay : Kerajaan Persekutuan Malaysia ) is based in the Federal Territory of Putrajaya with the exception of the legislative branch , which is based in the national capital of Kuala Lumpur . Malaysia is a federation of 13 states operating within a constitutional monarchy under the Westminster parliamentary system and is categorised as a representative democracy . The federal government of Malaysia adheres to and is created by the Federal Constitution of Malaysia , the supreme law of the land . The federal government adopts the principle of separation of powers under Article 127 of the Federal Constitution , and has three branches : executive , legislature and judiciary . The state governments in Malaysia also have their respective executive and legislative bodies . The judicial system in Malaysia is a federalised court system operating uniformly throughout the country .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wissame Al Kafaa Al Fikria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Government of Morocco', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goodwill ambassador', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goodwill_ambassador', 'summary': 'A goodwill ambassador is a person who advocates for a specific cause or global issue on the basis of their notability as a public figure . Goodwill ambassadors generally deliver goodwill by promoting ideals from one entity to another , or to a population . The term should be distinguished from the related concept of a brand ambassador , who plays a role in promoting a company or product through personal interaction . A goodwill ambassador may be an individual from one country who resides in or travels to another country , on a diplomatic mission ( or international friendship mission ) at a peer to peer level ; that is : country to country , state to state , city to city , or as an intermediate emissary representative of the people of a specific organization or cultural group such as an indigenous tribe or enclave population . Goodwill ambassadors have been a part of governments and countries for as long as diplomacy has existed . They represent their constituents by traveling abroad exchanging or delivering gifts and presents while bringing awareness to their cause or purpose through public relations activities and organizing events . Goodwill ambassadors are responsible for delivering humanitarian relief , implementing public programs and providing development assistance to demonstrate benevolence and compassion between parties . Most often nation-states and organizations use well-known celebrities such as actors , actresses , musicians , scientists , authors , former politicians and other high society figures ; but they also engage civilians and government officials to fulfill the role . Goodwill missions of US states and international nations are usually carried out or overseen by the head of state , but do not necessarily involve official diplomatic credentials beyond a letter of presentation , letters patent or a letter of credence , it is very rare that goodwill ambassadors are ever issued a diplomatic passport . However , some countries , such as Haiti , do issue credentials that include diplomatic immunity for goodwill ambassadors and organizations sometimes issue a civil service credential or international identification such as a laissez-passer .'}]}, {'value': 'Government of South Korea', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Légion d'honneur", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Legion_of_Honour', 'summary': "The Legion of Honour [ a ] ( French : Légion d'honneur , IPA : [ leʒjɔ̃ dɔnœʁ ] ) is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits , established in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte and retained by all later French governments and régimes . The order 's motto is Honneur et Patrie ( Honour and Fatherland ) , and its seat is the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur next to the Musée d'Orsay , on the left bank of the Seine in Paris . [ b ] The order is divided into five degrees of increasing distinction : Chevalier ( Knight ) , Officier ( Officer ) , Commandeur ( Commander ) , Grand officier ( Grand Officer ) , and Grand-croix ( Grand Cross ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Government of France', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Global Diversity Award', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British House of Commons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The House of Commons , officially the Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled , is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . Like the upper house , the House of Lords , it meets in the Palace of Westminster . Owing to shortage of space , its office accommodation extends into Portcullis House . The Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 members known as members of Parliament ( MPs ) . Members are elected to represent constituencies by the first-past-the-post system and hold their seats until Parliament is dissolved . The House of Commons of England started to evolve in the 13th and 14th centuries . It became the House of Commons of Great Britain after the political union with Scotland in 1707 , and assumed the title of House of Commons of Great Britain and Ireland after the political union with Ireland at the start of the 19th century . The United Kingdom referred to was the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1800 , and became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland after the independence of the Irish Free State in 1922 . Accordingly , the House of Commons assumed its current title . Under the Parliament Act 1911 , the Lords ' power to reject legislation was reduced to a delaying power . The government is solely responsible to the House of Commons and the prime minister stays in office only as long as he or she retains the confidence of a majority of the Commons ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Others -- Orders , decorations and medals', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Shahrukh_Khan_15', 'intro': "Shah Rukh Khan (also credited as Shahrukh Khan) is an Indian actor, producer and television personality who has received many awards and nominations. These include 15 Filmfare Awards, five Producers Guild Film Awards, 17 Screen Awards and six IIFA Awards. He began his acting career on television playing a soldier in the Doordarshan series Fauji (1988). He won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut for his debut film, the romantic drama Deewana (1992), in which he played a supporting part. For the role of an ambiguous avenger who murders his girlfriend in the crime thriller film Baazigar (1993), he received his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor. At the 41st Filmfare Awards, he garnered Best Actor award for Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995), which saw him play a young non-resident Indian (NRI) who falls in love during a trip across Europe. Khan played a stage director in the musical romance Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), and was awarded the Best Actor award at the 43rd Filmfare Awards and Zee Cine Awards 1998; he was also nominated in the same category at the Screen Awards. For his portrayal of a college student in Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), he received the Best Actor award at the 44th Filmfare Awards, Zee Cine Awards 1999, and Bollywood Movie Awards, and earned his third nomination for Best Actor at the Screen Awards. He played an adopted son in conflict with his adopted family in Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham. (2001), which earned him nominations in the Best actor category at the Filmfare, Screen, and IIFA Awards; he eventually won a Screen Award for Jodi No. 1 along with Kajol. Khan's production, the film Aśoka (2001), in which he also starred, was nominated at the 46th Filmfare Awards for Best Film."} | null | null | Who established the award given to Shah Rukh Khan in 2014 by the French government ? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
0bcef7ddf90a1e5f | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_London_Marathon', 'title': '2011 London Marathon', 'header': ['Position', 'Athlete', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emmanuel Mutai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmanuel_Mutai', 'summary': 'Emmanuel Kipchirchir Mutai ( born 12 October 1984 ) is a long distance runner from Kenya , who specialises in marathons . He is now the joint 6th fastest man ever over the 42.195 km distance . Initially running in half marathons , he made his debut over the full distance in 2007 and won his first race later that year at the Amsterdam Marathon . He was fourth at both the 2008 and 2009 London Marathons , but managed to reach the podium at the 2009 World Championships , claiming the silver medal . His 2010 racing saw him finish as runner-up twice at the London and New York City Marathons . At the 2011 London Marathon he won on his fourth attempt with a course record and personal best time of 2:04:40 . En route to his second-place finish at the 2014 Berlin Marathon ( 2:03:13 ) , Mutai set a world record at the 30K distance ( 1:27:37 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:04:40 CR', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Lel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Lel', 'summary': 'Martin Kiptolo Lel ( born 29 October 1978 ) is a Kenyan long distance and marathon runner . He won the London Marathon in 2005 , 2007 , and 2008 , the New York City Marathon in 2003 and 2007 and the Great North Run in 2007 and 2009 . His personal best time , as of April 2008 [ update ] , is 2:05:15 , which he ran in the 2008 London Marathon setting a course record . Lel is coached by Claudio Berardelli and lives in the Rift Valley region of Kenya . Lel ran his first marathons in 2002 : he failed to finish at the Prague Marathon , but in his first finish he managed to claim second in the Venice Marathon . He won Lisbon Half Marathon in 2003 , 2006 and 2009 , was the gold medalist at the 2003 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships , and won the Portugal Half Marathon in 2005 . He made his Olympic debut for Kenya at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and came fifth in the marathon . He beat Samuel Wanjiru to win the inaugural edition of the Rock n Roll Mardi Gras Marathon in 2010 . In August 2010 he ran at the Falmouth Road Race and took third place . After almost 3 years without running a marathon , he participated in the 2011 London Marathon as a replacement for Samuel Wanjiru , who was originally invited to run , but he still placed second with a time of 2:05:45 , out-sprinting Patrick Makau at the finish line . He ran the 15K Saint Silvester Road Race at the end of the year , but was beaten into fourth place . Lel entered two races the year after : he was runner-up again at the 2012 London Marathon ( finishing in 2:06:51 ) and was victorious at the Portugal Half Marathon with a time of 61:28 minutes .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:05:45', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrick Makau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrick_Makau', 'summary': 'Patrick Makau Musyoki ( born 2 March 1985 ) is a runner from Kenya . He is a former world record holder in the marathon - His time of 2:03:38 , run at the 2011 Berlin Marathon , was the world record for two years , until it was beaten by Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich at the 2013 Berlin Marathon . He is also notable for his half marathon performances , having won a number of prominent competitions in Europe in sub-1-hour performances .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:05:45', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marílson Gomes dos Santos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marílson_Gomes_dos_Santos', 'summary': "Marílson Gomes dos Santos ( born 6 August 1977 ) is a Brazilian long-distance runner . He won the 2006 and 2008 New York City Marathon , becoming the first South American to win the race . He was selected as the best male performer at the 2009 Brazilian national championships after breaking the meet records in both the 5000 metres and 10,000 metres races . He is the current South American record holder in both these events with times of 13:19.43 and 27:28.12 , respectively . He has won medals at the South American Cross Country Championships , starting with a silver in the junior race in 1996 , then taking the bronze in the men 's long race in 2000 , before winning his first championship title in 2008 . He ran at the 2010 London Marathon and came close to a personal best time , finishing in 2:08:46 for sixth place behind Abel Kirui . He signed up for the New York Marathon that year and used the Troféu Brasil de Atletismo ( the Brazilian athletics championships ) as his preparation , winning the 10,000 m title . He secured his third career win at the Saint Silvester Race in São Paulo at the end of the year - a record number for the competition in the international era . At the 2011 London Marathon , he set a personal best of 2:06:34 hours and placed fourth in the fast race behind a Kenyan trio of Emmanuel Mutai , Martin Lel and Patrick Makau . Dos Santos competed in the marathon at the 2008 , 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Olympics with the best result of fifth place in 2012 . He is married to Juliana Paula dos Santos , a fellow runner who won gold medals at the 2007 and 2015 Pan American Games . They have a son Miguel ."}]}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazil', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}]}, {'value': '2:06:34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tsegaye Kebede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tsegaye_Kebede', 'summary': "Tsegaye Kebede Wordofa ( Amharic : ፀጋየ ከበደ ዎርዶፋ ; born 15 January 1987 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in road running events , including marathons . He quickly rose to become a prominent distance runner after his international debut at the Amsterdam Marathon in 2007 . In his second year of professional running , he won the Paris Marathon , the Fukuoka Marathon and won the marathon bronze medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . In the 2009 season he established himself as one of Ethiopia 's top athletes : he came second in the London Marathon and at his first World Championships in Athletics he took the bronze medal in the marathon . He retained his Fukuoka Marathon title at the end of 2009 , running the fastest ever marathon race in Japan . He won the 2010 London Marathon - his first World Marathon Major - and the 2013 London Marathon ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '2:07:48', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaouad Gharib', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaouad_Gharib', 'summary': 'Jaouad Gharib ( Arabic : جواد غريب , born 22 May 1972 in Khenifra ) is a Moroccan long-distance runner who competes in the marathon . Winner of the 2003 World Championships and 2005 World Championships over the distance , he is also notable because he only began running seriously at the age of twenty-two . His 2005 retention made him one of only two successive world championship marathon champions , after Abel Antón . He was the silver medallist in the marathon at the 2008 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': '2:08:26', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abderrahime Bouramdane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abderrahime_Bouramdane', 'summary': 'Abderrahime Bouramdane ( born 23 June 1978 ) is a Moroccan long-distance runner who competes in marathons . He represented Morocco at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2011 World Championships in Daegu , South Korea . After winning his first two marathons in Tunis and Marrakesh , Bouramdane represented his country at the World Championships in Athletics in 2005 and 2007 . He won his first international medal at the 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie , taking the marathon bronze . He won the 2006 National Capital Marathon and had a series of second-place finishes , which included runner-up spots at the JoongAng Seoul Marathon and 2008 Boston Marathon . He placed in the top five at the New York City Marathon in 2008 and 2009 . His personal best of 2:07:33 hours was set at the 2010 London Marathon . This time ranks him as the fifth fastest Moroccan over the marathon distance .'}]}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': '2:08:42', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dmitriy Safronov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dmitriy_Safronov', 'summary': 'Dmitriy Olegovich Safronov ( Russian : Дмитрий Олегович Сафронов ) ( born 8 October 1981 ) is a Russian long-distance runner who specialises in marathon running .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '2:09:35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Serod Bat-Ochir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serod_Bat-Ochir', 'summary': "Bat-Ochiryn Ziggy Ser-Od ( Mongolian : Бат-Очирын Сэр-Од , born 7 October 1981 in Gobi-Altai province ) is a Mongolian long-distance runner who competes in road races , particularly the marathon . He represented his country in the marathon at the Summer Olympics in 2004 , 2008 and 2012 where he also was flagbearer . A member of the Morpeth Harriers running club , he divides his time between his native country and Gateshead in England . Ser-od began his international career in 2002 and has competed in the marathon at five consecutive editions of the World Championships in Athletics since 2003 . His best performance is 20th at the 2011 World Championships . He is Mongolia 's first ever elite level marathon runner and his personal best of 2:08:50 is the Mongolian national record . He was the 2013 Asian Marathon Champion and also won the Brighton Marathon and Hofu Yomiuri Marathon in 2010 . Other career highlights include top ten finishes at the Berlin Marathon and London Marathon ."}]}, {'value': 'Mongolia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mongolia', 'summary': "Mongolia [ a ] is a landlocked country in East Asia . Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical territory of Outer Mongolia , and that term is sometimes used to refer to the current state . It is sandwiched between Russia to the north and China to the south , where it neighbours the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan , although only 37 kilometres ( 23 mi ) separate them . At 1,564,116 square kilometres ( 603,909 sq mi ) , Mongolia is the 18th-largest and the most sparsely populated sovereign state in the world , with a population of around three million people . It is also the world 's second-largest landlocked country behind Kazakhstan and the largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea . The country contains very little arable land , as much of its area is covered by grassy steppe , with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south . Ulaanbaatar , the capital and largest city , is home to about 45% of the country 's population . Ulaanbaatar also shares the rank of the world 's coldest capital city with Moscow , Ottawa , and Nur-Sultan . Approximately 30% of the population is nomadic or semi-nomadic ; horse culture is still integral . The majority of its population are Buddhists . The non-religious population is the second-largest group ."}]}, {'value': '2:11:35 NR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Mongolian_records_in_athletics', 'summary': 'The following are the national records in athletics in Mongolia maintained by the Mongolian Athletic Federation ( MAF ) .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Shelley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Shelley_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Michael Shelley ( born 10 October 1983 ) is an Australian long-distance runner who competes in track events and road races . He has won gold medals in the marathon event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games at Glasgow , Scotland , as well as the 2018 Commonwealth Games at Gold Coast , Australia . He has also represented Australia at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . On the road , he has won at the Gold Coast Half Marathon and the City2Surf race in Sydney .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:11:38', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Elite races', 'section_text': 'Emmanuel Mutai en route to his course record win Martin Lel sprinted to take second place . Elite Men', 'uid': '2011_London_Marathon_0', 'intro': "The 2011 London Marathon took place on Sunday, 17 April 2011. The men's elite race saw Emmanuel Mutai win in a course record time to become the fourth-fastest ever over the distance. Runner-up Martin Lel sprinted to the line to beat Patrick Makau, completing a Kenyan sweep of the podium. Mary Keitany became the fourth-fastest woman ever with her winning time, while defending champion Liliya Shobukhova came second with a Russian record time. In the elite wheelchair racing marathon, Briton David Weir beat the defending champion Josh Cassidy to claim his fifth title at the event - the most in the history of the competition. London's 2009 women's wheelchair winner Amanda McGrory won her second title in a course record time of 1:46:31 hours. Around 35,000 people took part in the mass race and 35 Guinness World Records were set at the competition. The majority of the records were for completing the fastest race in a certain costume, but others included the fastest couple and fastest parent-child pairings. German Uli Killian solved 100 Rubik's Cube puzzles whilst completing the race. Steve Chalke, a Christian social activist, improved the record for the most funds raised for charity through a marathon run, raising £2.3 million for his Oasis Trust - beating his own record set at the previous year's race. The largest age group present at the race were men in their 30s, followed by men in their 40s. The joint-youngest runners were Michael Bennett and Helen Nutter, both taking part on their eighteenth birthdays (the minimum allowable age), while the oldest participant was 87-year-old Paul Freedman."} | null | null | When was the winner of the 2011 London Marathon born ? | 12 October 1984 |
0bd19ed0aef4f97e | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_in_Canadian_music', 'title': '2011 in Canadian music', 'header': ['Rank', 'Artist', 'Album', 'Peak position', 'Sales', 'Certification'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adele', 'summary': "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE ( /əˈdɛl/ ; born 5 May 1988 ) is an English singer-songwriter . After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006 , Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings . In 2007 , she received the Brit Awards Critics ' Choice Award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll . Her debut album , 19 , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified eight times platinum in the UK , and three times platinum in the US . The album contains her first song , Hometown Glory , written when she was 16 , which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London . An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . Adele released her second studio album , 21 , in 2011 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning numerous awards in 2012 , among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year ; two Brit Awards , including British Album of the Year ; and three American Music Awards , including Favorite Pop/Rock Album . The album has been certified 17 times platinum in the UK , and is overall the fourth best-selling album in the nation . In the US , it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985 , and is certified diamond ."}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/21_(Adele_album)', 'summary': "21 is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele . It was released on 24 January 2011 in Europe and on 22 February 2011 in North America by XL Recordings and Columbia Records . The album was named after the age of the singer during its production . 21 shares the folk and Motown soul influences of her 2008 debut album 19 , but was further inspired by the American country and Southern blues music to which she had been exposed during her 2008-09 North American tour An Evening with Adele . Composed in the aftermath of the singer 's separation from her then partner , the album typifies the near dormant tradition of the confessional singer-songwriter in its exploration of heartbreak , self-examination , and forgiveness . Adele began writing 21 in April 2009 , when still involved in the relationship that subsequently inspired the record . Dissatisfied with once again portraying herself as the musical tragedian of her debut , she had intended to compose a more upbeat and contemporary follow-up . However , studio sessions ended prematurely due to a lack of inspiration . She resumed production immediately after the breakdown of her relationship , channelling her heartbreak and depression into her songs . Adele collaborated with various songwriters and producers , including Columbia Records co-president Rick Rubin , Paul Epworth , Ryan Tedder , Jim Abbiss , and Dan Wilson . Praised by critics for its understated production , vintage aesthetic , and Adele 's vocal performance , 21 defied the modest commercial expectations of her independent record label XL Recordings . The album topped the charts in more than 30 countries and became the world 's best-selling album of the year for 2011 and 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,270,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diamond', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coldplay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coldplay', 'summary': "Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1996 . Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin , guitarist Jonny Buckland , bassist Guy Berryman , and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998 , first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay . Creative director and former manager Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band . After changing their name to Coldplay , they recorded and released two EPs : Safety in 1998 and The Blue Room in 1999 . The latter was their first release on a major record label , after signing to Parlophone . Coldplay achieved worldwide fame with the release of the song Yellow in 2000 , followed in the same year by their debut album Parachutes , which was nominated for the Mercury Prize . The band 's second album , A Rush of Blood to the Head ( 2002 ) , was released to critical acclaim and won many awards , including NME 's Album of the Year . Their next release , X & Y , the best-selling album worldwide in 2005 , received mostly positive reviews , though some critics felt it was inferior to its predecessor . Their fourth studio album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends ( 2008 ) , the best-selling album worldwide of 2008 , was produced by Brian Eno and released to largely positive reviews , earning three Grammy Awards . In October 2011 , Coldplay released their fifth studio album , Mylo Xyloto , which topped the charts in over 34 countries , was the UK 's best-selling rock album of 2011 , and received moderately positive reviews . Their sixth album , Ghost Stories , released in 2014 , received mixed reviews and topped several national album charts . The following year the band released their seventh album , A Head Full of Dreams , which reached the top two in most major markets , but received generally mixed reviews ."}]}, {'value': 'Mylo Xyloto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mylo_Xyloto', 'summary': "Mylo Xyloto /ˈmaɪloʊ ˈzaɪlətoʊ/ is the fifth studio album by British rock band Coldplay , released in late October 2011 . The band worked closely with producer Brian Eno following their successful collaboration on Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends , the band 's previous album . Mylo Xyloto is a concept album and a thematic rock opera . The album tells the story of a war against sound and colour by a supremacist government , set in the world of Silencia , an Orwellian society . Silencia has been overtaken by a government led by Major Minus , who controls the population through media and propaganda . His aim is to take sound and colour off the streets in hope to draw away feeders , creatures that use such energy to hunt its prey . The album follows Mylo , a silencer , a soldier in an army tasked to hunt and track down sparkers , people who harness light and energy and use it to create sparks , comparable to graffiti in real life . He encounters Xyloto , the sparker most wanted by Major Minus . Through Xyloto , Mylo discovers his sparker abilities and his affiliation with the Car Kids , a major sparker faction founded by Mylo 's parents , Aiko and Lela . [ citation needed ] Drummer Will Champion has noted that the album is a story of the characters falling in love and trying to escape together , with a general theme of love conquering all . [ citation needed ] Mylo Xyloto received mixed to positive reviews from music critics with some finding it to be overproduced and others praising the album 's uplifting tone and new electronic sound . Paradise and Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall received a total of three Grammy Award nominations in 2012 , while the album and Charlie Brown received two further Grammy nominations in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '240,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3x Platinum', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pink Floyd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pink_Floyd', 'summary': "Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965 . Gaining a following as a psychedelic rock group , they were distinguished for their extended compositions , sonic experimentation , philosophical lyrics and elaborate live shows , and became a leading band of the progressive rock genre . They are one of the most commercially successful and influential bands in popular music history . Pink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett ( guitar , lead vocals ) , Nick Mason ( drums ) , Roger Waters ( bass guitar , vocals ) , and Richard Wright ( keyboards , vocals ) . Under Barrett 's leadership , they released two charting singles and a successful debut album , The Piper at the Gates of Dawn ( 1967 ) . Guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in December 1967 ; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health . Waters became the primary lyricist and thematic leader , devising the concepts behind the albums The Dark Side of the Moon ( 1973 ) , Wish You Were Here ( 1975 ) , Animals ( 1977 ) , The Wall ( 1979 ) , and The Final Cut ( 1983 ) . The band also composed several film scores . Following personal tensions , Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979 , followed by Waters in 1985 . Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd , rejoined later by Wright . The three produced two more albums - A Momentary Lapse of Reason ( 1987 ) and The Division Bell ( 1994 ) - and toured both albums before entering a long period of inactivity . In 2005 , all but Barrett reunited for a one-off performance at the global awareness event Live 8 ."}]}, {'value': 'Discovery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Discovery_(Pink_Floyd_box_set)', 'summary': 'Pink Floyd : Discovery is a compilation box set by Pink Floyd released on 26 September 2011 to launch the Why Pink Floyd. ? re-release campaign . The box set includes all of their standard studio albums , except for The Endless River , which would not be released for another three years . All albums were newly remastered by James Guthrie . In addition to the albums the set comes with a 60-page artwork booklet designed by Storm Thorgerson .'}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '160,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2x Platinum', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adele', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Live at the Royal Albert Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Live_at_the_Royal_Albert_Hall_(Adele_video)', 'summary': "Live at the Royal Albert Hall is a live album and video album by British singer Adele , which became available on 29 November 2011 in Australia , 27 November 2011 in the United Kingdom and 29 November 2011 in the United States . The concert was recorded as part of Adele 's Adele Live tour at the Royal Albert Hall in London , including songs from her multi-platinum albums 19 and 21 . On 26 October 2011 , it was announced Adele would be releasing her Royal Albert Hall concert from her Adele Live tour on both DVD and Blu-ray along with an accompanying CD . The release included 90 minutes of concert footage in addition to behind-the-scenes video segments . The track list consists of songs taken from Adele 's 19 and 21 as well as covers of Bonnie Raitt 's I Ca n't Make You Love Me and The SteelDrivers ' If It Had n't Been for Love . As part of the launch , the DVD was screened at cinemas in 26 cities around the world . Live at the Royal Albert Hall holds the record for the most weeks spent at number one in the United States for a music DVD by a female artist , and has sold more than three million copies worldwide . The live version of Set Fire to the Rain taken from Live at the Royal Albert Hall won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 55th Grammy Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diamond', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florence and the Machine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florence_and_the_Machine', 'summary': "Florence and the Machine ( stylised as Florence + the Machine ) are an English indie rock band that formed in London in 2007 , consisting of vocalist Florence Welch , keyboardist Isabella Summers , guitarist Rob Ackroyd , harpist Tom Monger , and a collaboration of other musicians . The band 's music received praise across the media , especially from the BBC , which played a large part in their rise to prominence by promoting Florence and the Machine as part of BBC Introducing . At the 2009 Brit Awards they received the Brit Awards Critics ' Choice award . The band 's music is renowned for its dramatic and eccentric production and also Welch 's powerful vocal performances . The band 's debut studio album , Lungs , was released on 6 July 2009 , and held the number-two position for its first five weeks on the UK Albums Chart . On 17 January 2010 , the album reached the top position , after being on the chart for twenty-eight consecutive weeks . As of October 2010 , the album had been in the top forty in the United Kingdom for sixty-five consecutive weeks , making it one of the best-selling albums of 2009 and 2010 . The group 's second studio album , Ceremonials , released in October 2011 , entered the charts at number one in the UK and number six in the US . The band 's third album , How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful , was released on 2 June 2015 . It topped the UK charts , and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , their first to do so . The album reached number one in a total of eight countries and the top ten of twenty . Also in 2015 , the band was the headlining act at Glastonbury Festival , making Florence Welch the first British female headliner this century ."}]}, {'value': 'Ceremonials', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceremonials', 'summary': "Ceremonials is the second studio album by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine . It was released on 28 October 2011 by Island Records . The band started working on the album in 2010 and finished it in 2011 . The standard edition of the album was entirely produced by Paul Epworth , who also worked prominently on the band 's debut album Lungs ( 2009 ) . Ceremonials received generally positive reviews from music critics , who drew comparisons to artists such as Kate Bush , while also praising the instrumentation , Florence Welch 's vocals and the production of the songs . It appeared on several year-end critics ' lists in late 2011 . At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards , the album received a nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album , while Shake It Out was nominated for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance . Ceremonials debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart , becoming the band 's second consecutive number-one album . It also debuted at number one in Australia , Ireland and New Zealand , and peaked at number six on the US Billboard 200 , becoming the band 's first top-10 album in the United States . It has sold 2.5 million copies worldwide . Five singles were released from Ceremonials . What the Water Gave Me was released on 23 August 2011 as a teaser for the album ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '40,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Radiohead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Radiohead', 'summary': "Radiohead are an English rock band formed in Abingdon , Oxfordshire in 1985 . The band consists of Thom Yorke ( vocals , guitar , piano , keyboards ) , brothers Jonny Greenwood ( lead guitar , keyboards , other instruments ) and Colin Greenwood ( bass ) , Ed O'Brien ( guitar , backing vocals ) and Philip Selway ( drums , percussion ) . They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994 . After signing to EMI in 1991 , Radiohead released their debut single Creep in 1992 . It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album , Pablo Honey ( 1993 ) . Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album , The Bends ( 1995 ) . Radiohead 's third album , OK Computer ( 1997 ) , brought them international fame ; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation , it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music . Kid A ( 2000 ) and Amnesiac ( 2001 ) , recorded simultaneously , marked a dramatic change in style , incorporating influences from experimental electronic music , 20th-century classical music , krautrock , and jazz . Kid A divided listeners but was named the best album of the decade by Rolling Stone , Pitchfork and The Times . Hail to the Thief ( 2003 ) mixed rock and electronic music with lyrics inspired by the War on Terror , and was Radiohead 's final album for EMI . Their subsequent releases have pioneered alternative release platforms such as pay-what-you-want and BitTorrent ; Radiohead self-released their seventh album , In Rainbows ( 2007 ) , as a download for which customers could set their own price , to critical and chart success . Their eighth album , The King of Limbs ( 2011 ) , an exploration of rhythm , was developed using extensive looping and sampling ."}]}, {'value': 'The King of Limbs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_King_of_Limbs', 'summary': "The King of Limbs is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead . It was self-released on 18 February 2011 as a download , followed by CD and 12 vinyl versions on 28 March through XL Recordings in the UK , TBD Records in the US , and Hostess Entertainment in Japan . Following the protracted recording and more conventional instrumentation of In Rainbows ( 2007 ) , Radiohead and their longtime producer Nigel Godrich developed The King of Limbs through sampling and looping . Singer Thom Yorke described the album as an expression of wildness and mutation . The artwork , by Yorke and longtime collaborator Stanley Donwood , depicts nature and spirits inspired by fairy tales . Radiohead released no singles from The King of Limbs , but released a music video for Lotus Flower featuring Yorke 's dancing that spawned an internet meme . In 2012 , they began an international tour , with several festival appearances . The European tour was postponed after the temporary stage collapsed in Torontos Downsview Park , killing a technician and injuring three others . The King of Limbs was named one of the best albums of the year by publications including The Wire , NME and PopMatters . It was nominated for five categories at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album . The download version sold an estimated 300,000 to 400,000 copies in two months , and the vinyl became a bestseller in the UK . The retail edition debuted at number seven on the UK Albums Chart and number six on the US Billboard 200 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '40,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Susan Boyle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susan_Boyle', 'summary': "Susan Magdalane Boyle ( born 1 April 1961 ) is a Scottish singer , who rose to fame after appearing as a contestant on the third series of Britain 's Got Talent , singing I Dreamed a Dream from Les Misérables . Her debut studio album , I Dreamed a Dream , was released in November 2009 and became the UK 's best-selling debut album of all time , beating the previous record held by Spirit by Leona Lewis . I Dreamed a Dream set a record for biggest first week sales by a debut album , according to the Official Chart Company in the United Kingdom . Topping the Billboard 200 for six weeks , it was the second best-selling album of 2009 in the US . In her first year of fame , Boyle made £5 million ( £6.8 million today ) with the release of I Dreamed a Dream and its lead-off singles , I Dreamed a Dream and Wild Horses . The success was continued with her second album , The Gift ( 2010 ) , where she became only the third act ever to top both the UK and US album charts twice in the same year , and was followed by Boyle 's third album , Someone to Watch Over Me ( debuted at # 1 on UK charts , # 4 on US charts ) , released on 31 October 2011 . Boyle subsequently released her fourth album Standing Ovation : The Greatest Songs from the Stage ( reached # 7 in UK , # 12 in US ) in 2012 , her fifth album Home for Christmas ( fifth consecutive top ten on UK charts ) in 2013 , and her sixth album Hope ( sixth consecutive top twenty on UK and US charts ) in 2014 . On 12 May 2012 , Boyle returned to Britain 's Got Talent to perform as a guest in the final , singing You 'll See . The following day , she performed at Windsor Castle for the Queen 's Diamond Jubilee Pageant singing Mull of Kintyre . Having performed I Know Him So Well in a duet with one of her idols Elaine Paige in London in December 2009 , Boyle performed with her other musical idol Donny Osmond in Las Vegas in November 2012 , singing This is the Moment , a duet from her album Standing Ovation : The Greatest Songs From the Stage . Boyle 's net worth was estimated at £22 million in April 2012 . She is known for supporting various charitable causes , and has appeared on the UK charity telethons BBC Children in Need and Comic Relief ."}]}, {'value': 'Someone to Watch Over Me', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Someone_to_Watch_Over_Me_(album)', 'summary': "Someone to Watch Over Me is the third album by Scottish singer Susan Boyle , which was released on 7 November 2011 in the United Kingdom and 1 November 2011 in the United States . The album has been described as a diverse mix of music which includes songs inspired by the stories of Boyle 's fans who write letters to her ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '40,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Harrison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Harrison', 'summary': "George Harrison [ nb 1 ] MBE ( 25 February 1943 - 29 November 2001 ) was an English musician , singer-songwriter , and music and film producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles . Sometimes called the quiet Beatle , Harrison embraced Indian culture and helped broaden the scope of popular music through his incorporation of Indian instrumentation and Hindu-aligned spirituality in the Beatles ' work . Although the majority of the band 's songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney , most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contained at least two Harrison compositions . His songs for the group included Taxman , Within You Without You , While My Guitar Gently Weeps , Here Comes the Sun and Something . Harrison 's earliest musical influences included George Formby and Django Reinhardt ; Carl Perkins , Chet Atkins and Chuck Berry were subsequent influences . By 1965 , he had begun to lead the Beatles into folk rock through his interest in Bob Dylan and the Byrds , and towards Indian classical music through his use of the sitar on Norwegian Wood ( This Bird Has Flown ) . Having initiated the band 's embracing of Transcendental Meditation in 1967 , he subsequently developed an association with the Hare Krishna movement . After the band 's break-up in 1970 , Harrison released the triple album All Things Must Pass , a critically acclaimed work that produced his most successful hit single , My Sweet Lord , and introduced his signature sound as a solo artist , the slide guitar . He also organised the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh with Indian musician Ravi Shankar , a precursor to later benefit concerts such as Live Aid . In his role as a music and film producer , Harrison produced acts signed to the Beatles ' Apple record label before founding Dark Horse Records in 1974 and co-founding HandMade Films in 1978 . Harrison released several best-selling singles and albums as a solo performer . In 1988 , he co-founded the platinum-selling supergroup the Traveling Wilburys ."}]}, {'value': 'George Harrison : Living in the Material World', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Harrison:_Living_in_the_Material_World', 'summary': "George Harrison : Living in the Material World is a 2011 documentary film directed by Martin Scorsese , based on the life of The Beatles ' George Harrison . It earned six nominations at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards , winning two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Directing for Nonfiction Programming and Outstanding Nonfiction Special . The film currently holds an 86% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes , based on 37 professional reviews ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2x Platinum', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeff Beck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Beck', 'summary': "Geoffrey Arnold Beck ( born 24 June 1944 ) is an English rock guitarist . He is one of the three noted guitarists to have played with the Yardbirds ( the other two being Eric Clapton and Jimmy Page ) . Beck also formed the Jeff Beck Group and with Tim Bogert and Carmine Appice , he formed Beck , Bogert & Appice . Much of Beck 's recorded output has been instrumental , with a focus on innovative sound , and his releases have spanned genres ranging from blues rock , hard rock , and an additional blend of guitar-rock and electronica . Although he recorded two hit albums ( in 1975 and 1976 ) as a solo act , Beck has not established or maintained the sustained commercial success of many of his contemporaries and bandmates . Beck appears on albums by Rod Stewart , Mick Jagger , Tina Turner , Morrissey , Donovan , Diana Ross , Jon Bon Jovi , Malcolm McLaren , Kate Bush , Roger Waters , Stevie Wonder , Les Paul , Zucchero , Cyndi Lauper , Brian May , Roger Taylor , Stanley Clarke , Screaming Lord Sutch , ZZ Top , and Toots and the Maytals . He was ranked fifth in Rolling Stone 's list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and the magazine , upon whose cover Beck has appeared three times , has described him as one of the most influential lead guitarists in rock . He is often called a guitarist 's guitarist . Beck has earned wide critical praise and received the Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance six times and Best Pop Instrumental Performance once . In 2014 he received the British Academy 's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music . Beck has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice : as a member of The Yardbirds ( 1992 ) and as a solo artist ( 2009 ) ."}]}, {'value': "Rock ' n ' Roll Party ( Honoring Les Paul )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rock_'n'_Roll_Party_(Honoring_Les_Paul)", 'summary': "Rock ' n ' Roll Party ( Honoring Les Paul ) is a live album by Jeff Beck , recorded as a tribute album to the late guitarist Les Paul . The album is recorded at the Iridium Jazz Club in New York City where Les Paul played almost every week until his death in August 2009 . It was recorded on 9 June 2010 , which would have been Les Paul 's 95th birthday . The songs played were popular hits from the 1950s and 1960s , including many songs Les Paul played himself . Jeff Beck is joined by Imelda May and her band , in addition to Jason Rebello , Brian Setzer , Trombone Shorty and Gary U.S. Bonds . On some of the songs , May sings together with a pre-recorded voice of herself , imitating the recording technique used on songs sung by Les Paul 's wife Mary Ford . The DVD has been certified gold in Canada as of November 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Platinum', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amy Winehouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amy_Winehouse', 'summary': "Amy Jade Winehouse ( 14 September 1983 - 23 July 2011 ) was an English singer and songwriter . She was known for her deep , expressive contralto vocals and her eclectic mix of musical genres , including soul ( sometimes labelled as blue-eyed soul and neo soul ) , rhythm and blues , and jazz . Winehouse 's debut album , Frank ( 2003 ) , was a critical success in the UK and was nominated for the Mercury Prize . Her follow-up album , Back to Black ( 2006 ) , led to five 2008 Grammy Awards , tying the then record for the most wins by a female artist in a single night , and made her the first British woman to win five Grammys , including three of the General Field Big Four Grammy Awards : Best New Artist , Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Winehouse won three Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers , and Authors : in 2004 , Best Contemporary Song for Stronger Than Me ; in 2007 , Best Contemporary Song again , this time for Rehab ; and in 2008 , Best Song Musically and Lyrically for Love Is a Losing Game . She also won the 2007 Brit Award for Best British Female Artist , having been nominated for Best British Album , with Back to Black . Winehouse was plagued by drug and alcohol addiction . She died of alcohol poisoning on 23 July 2011 at the age of 27 . After her death , her album Back to Black became , for a time , the UK 's best-selling album of the 21st century . It is also listed as one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history ."}]}, {'value': 'Lioness : Hidden Treasures', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lioness:_Hidden_Treasures', 'summary': "Lioness : Hidden Treasures is a posthumous compilation album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse . It was released on 2 December 2011 by Island Records . It was her third album , and features unreleased songs and demos selected by Mark Ronson , Salaam Remi and Winehouse 's family , including the first single , Body and Soul , with Tony Bennett . The album was released in aid of the Amy Winehouse Foundation . Our Day Will Come was released as the album 's second and final single on 4 December , and was Winehouse 's first solo single to be released since 2007 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Top hits on record -- Top 10 British albums', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2011_in_Canadian_music_1', 'intro': 'This is a summary of the year 2011 in the Canadian music industry.'} | null | null | What instrumentalist is Isabella Summers in the group of musicians with the album Ceremonials ? | keyboardist |
0bd2151aadacef49 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Superettan', 'title': '2013 Superettan', 'header': ['Team', 'Head coach', 'Captain', 'Kit manufacturer', 'Shirt sponsor'], 'data': [{'value': 'Assyriska FF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valentic Azrudin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valentic_Azrudin', 'summary': 'Azrudin Valentić ( born 21 July 1970 ) is a Bosnian football manager currently in charge of Fremad Amager and former player .'}]}, {'value': 'Stefan Batan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stefan_Batan', 'summary': 'Stefan Batan ( born 20 March 1985 ) is a Swedish footballer of ethnic Assyrian origin that plays for Assyriska FF as a defender .'}]}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nike,_Inc.', 'summary': "Nike , Inc. ( /ˈnaɪki/ ) [ note 1 ] is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is the world 's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US $ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . As of 2017 , the Nike brand is valued at $ 29.6 billion . Nike ranked No . 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike+ , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , Nike CR7 , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) from 1995 to 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro ."}]}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania_AB', 'summary': "Scania AB is a major Swedish manufacturer of commercial vehicles - specifically heavy trucks and buses . It also manufactures diesel engines for heavy vehicles as well as marine and general industrial applications . Scania AB was formed in 1911 through the merger of Södertälje-based Vabis and Malmö-based Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania . The company 's head office has been in Södertälje since 1912 . Today , Scania has production facilities in Sweden , France , the Netherlands , India , Argentina , Brazil , Poland , Russia and Finland In addition , there are assembly plants in ten countries in Africa , Asia and Europe . Scania 's sales and service organisation and finance companies are worldwide . In 2012 , the company employed approximately 42,100 people around the world . Scania was listed on the NASDAQ OMX Stockholm stock exchange from 1996 to 2014 . The company is now 100% owned by the Volkswagen Group . Scania 's logo shows a griffin , from the coat of arms of the province of Scania ( Swedish : Skåne ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Degerfors IF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrik Werner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrik_Werner', 'summary': 'Patrik Werner ( born 16 March 1976 ) is a Swedish football manager . He is currently working at Degerfors IF as the director of football .'}]}, {'value': 'Tobias Solberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Outokumpu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outokumpu', 'summary': 'Outokumpu Oyj is a group of international companies headquartered in Helsinki , Finland , employing 10,600 employees in more than 30 countries . Outokumpu is the largest producer of stainless steel in Europe and the second largest producer in the Americas . Outokumpu also has a long history as a mining company , and still mines chromium ore in Keminmaa for use as ferrochrome in stainless steel . The largest shareholder of Outokumpu is the Government of Finland , with 26.6% ownership , including the shares controlled by Solidium , The Social Insurance Institution of Finland , Finnish State Pension Fund and Municipality Pension Agency .'}]}, {'value': 'Falkenbergs FF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hans Eklund', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Eklund', 'summary': 'Hans Eklund ( born 16 April 1969 ) is a Swedish football manager , and former football player . He is currently manager of Falkenbergs FF . In his active career , Eklund played seven games for the Sweden national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'David Svensson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Svensson', 'summary': 'Karl David Svensson ( born 9 April 1984 ) is a retired Swedish footballer who played as a midfielder . He represented Falkenbergs FF throughout the whole career as a one-club man and served as the team captain .'}]}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gekås Ullared', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gekås', 'summary': 'Gekås Ullared AB is a Swedish superstore in Ullared , Sweden , founded in 1963 by Göran Karlsson as Ge-kås Manufaktur . It had an annual turnover of SEK 4.2 billion in 2010 , with a total store area of over 30,000 m2 ( 320,000 sq ft ) in addition to a 50,000 m2 ( 540,000 sq ft ) storage area just a few hundred yards away . In 2013 , Malin Helde became CEO of the store , while Boris Lennerhov became CEO of the parent company . The store is visited annually by approximately 4.5 million customers , with the 2007 record of 26,200 for a single day , and the average customer travelling 150 km to get to the store . The store has recently opened a camping ground and a motel to accommodate long distance travellers . It has been known for avoiding conventional advertising , instead relying on word of mouth . For three years starting in 2011 , a reality television series , Ullared , was filmed in and around the store . It aired in both Norway and Sweden . The average customer is a woman , at the age of 43 , and buys for approx . $ 446.20 and visits the store twice a year . On 25 July 2011 , the superstore was visited by record 29,500 customers during the day . The longest queue outside the superstore ever were recorded on 30 October 2010 , when the queue was longer than 1.4 km .'}]}, {'value': 'GAIS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Askebrand', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenneth Gustafsson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenneth_Gustafsson_(footballer_born_1983)', 'summary': "Kenneth Gustafsson ( born 15 September 1983 ) is a Swedish former footballer who played as a defender . After playing for IFK Hindås in his youth , Gustafsson came to GAIS in Gothenburg in 2002 and would remain in the club until his retirement after the season of 2015 . The first season resulted in 8 appearances for GAIS , and the next season resulted in 12 appearances in the league and appearances in both of the qualifying games for Superettan . During a game against AIK in May 2006 , Gustafsson suffered a bone marrow infection and had to be hospitalized for two and a half weeks . The rest of the season 2006 were spent with rehabilitation , but the next season Gustafsson returned and made 29 appearances . During his football career , Gustafsson studied at Chalmers where he got a bachelor 's degree in Industriell ekonomi and returned to Chalmers after his retirement to earn a master 's degree in supply chains management . After his retirement Gustafsson also started working for GAIS as a trainer for the club 's youth players ."}]}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GIF Sundsvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joel Cedergren Roger Franzén', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joel_Cedergren', 'summary': 'Joel Cedergren ( born 22 July 1974 ) is a Swedish football manager and former player who manages GIF Sundsvall .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roger_Franzén', 'summary': 'Roger Franzén ( born 17 July 1964 ) is a Swedish football manager and former player . He is currently National team coach of Sweden U17 .'}]}, {'value': 'Stefan Ålander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stefan_Ålander', 'summary': 'Stefan Ålander ( born 25 April 1983 ) is a retired Swedish footballer who lastly played for GIF Sundsvall as a defender .'}]}, {'value': 'adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hammarby IF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Dennerby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Dennerby', 'summary': 'Thomas Dennerby ( born 13 August 1959 in Enskede ) is a Swedish football coach .'}]}, {'value': 'Kennedy Bakircioglü', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kennedy_Bakircioglü', 'summary': 'Kennedy Bakircioglu ( Turkish : Bakırcıoğlu ; Turkish pronunciation : [ baˈkiɾtʃoːɫu ] ; born 2 November 1980 ) is a Swedish former footballer who played as a midfielder . He spent the most of his career with Hammarby IF , first joining in 1999 then returning for a second spell in 2012 . He also competed professionally in Greece , the Netherlands ( with both Twente and Ajax ) and Spain . Bakircioglu was a Swedish international for seven years .'}]}, {'value': 'Kappa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kappa_(company)', 'summary': "Kappa is an Italian sportswear brand founded in Turin , Piedmont , Italy . Kappa was founded as a sock firm in Turin , Italy , in 1916 but did n't become Kappa until 1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'Herbalife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herbalife', 'summary': "In February 1980 , Mark Hughes began selling the original Herbalife weight management product from the trunk of his car . Hughes often stated that the genesis of his product and program stemmed from the weight loss concerns of his mother Joanne , whose premature death he attributed to an eating disorder and an unhealthy approach to weight loss . According to one Herbalife website , the company 's goal was to change the nutritional habits of the world . His first product was a protein shake designed to help people manage their weight . He structured his company using a direct-selling , multi-level marketing model . [ citation needed ] In 1982 , Herbalife received complaints from the Food and Drug Administration for claims made about certain products and the inclusion of mandrake , poke root , and 'food grade ' linseed oil in another . As a result of the complaints , the company modified its product claims and reformulated the product . The Department of Justice of Canada filed criminal charges against the company in November 1984 for misleading medical claims in advertisements . By 1985 , the company was considered the fastest-growing private company in America by Inc. after its sales increased from $ 386 thousand to $ 423 million over the previous five years . That same year , the California Attorney General sued the company for making inflated claims about the efficacy of its products . The company suffered as a result of the lawsuit and was forced to lay off nearly 800 employees by May 1985 . The company settled the suit for $ 850,000 without admitting wrongdoing , but discontinued the sale of two products ."}]}, {'value': 'IFK Värnamo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sören Åkeby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sören_Åkeby', 'summary': 'Sören Åkeby ( born 23 February 1952 ) is a Swedish football manager and the current manager of Assyriska FF .'}]}, {'value': 'Joel Löw', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IK Brage', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zvezdan Milošević', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zvezdan_Milošević', 'summary': 'Zvezdan Milošević ( born 22 April 1964 ) is a Swedish-Serbian former footballer and manager .'}]}, {'value': 'Andi Toompuu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SSAB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SSAB', 'summary': 'SSAB AB , earlier Svenskt Stål AB ( English : Swedish Steel ) , ( Nasdaq Stockholm : SSAB A ) is a Swedish-Finnish company , formed in 1878 and specialised in processing raw material to steel . The largest shareholders are Aktiebolag Industrivärden and the Government of Finland .'}]}, {'value': 'Jönköpings Södra IF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mats Gren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mats_Gren', 'summary': 'Mats Gren ( born 20 December 1963 in Falun ) is a former Swedish footballer and head coach .'}]}, {'value': 'Tommy Thelin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tommy_Thelin', 'summary': 'Tommy Thelin ( born 22 September 1983 ) is a Swedish footballer who plays for Jönköpings Södra . His brother Jimmy is a former footballer and the current manager of Elfsborg .'}]}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Landskrona BoIS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jörgen Pettersson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jörgen_Pettersson_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Jörgen Pettersson ( born 29 September 1975 ) is a former Swedish football striker . He played 27 international matches for the national team and featured at the Euro 2000 . He was the manager of the Superettan team Landskrona BoIS until 11 June 2014 when his contract was cancelled .'}]}, {'value': 'Linus Malmqvist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linus_Malmqvist', 'summary': 'Linus Malmqvist , ( born September 9 , 1981 ) , is a former Swedish football player , who played ten seasons for Landskrona BoIS and three seasons for Trelleborgs FF between the years 2001 and 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Masita', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ljungskile SK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tor-Arne Fredheim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tor-Arne_Fredheim', 'summary': 'Tor-Arne Fredheim ( born 5 November 1962 ) is a Swedish football manager who is the head coach of Åtvidabergs FF .'}]}, {'value': 'Patrick Hopkins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Varbergs BoIS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halda Kabil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fredrik Björk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ängelholms FF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joakim Persson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joakim_Persson', 'summary': 'Joakim Persson ( born 3 April 1975 ) is a Swedish football manager and former player . He is the head coach of Varbergs BoIS .'}]}, {'value': 'Björn Westerblad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Björn_Westerblad', 'summary': 'Björn Westerblad ( born 7 January 1985 ) is a Swedish footballer who plays for Ängelholms FF as a midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PEAB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Örebro SK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Per-Ola Ljung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Per-Ola_Ljung', 'summary': 'Per-Ola Ljung ( born 7 November 1967 ) is an unattached Swedish football manager and former player .'}]}, {'value': 'Magnus Wikström', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magnus_Wikström', 'summary': 'Magnus Wikström ( born 7 December 1977 ) is a Swedish footballer . He is currently playing for Örebro SK in Allsvenskan .'}]}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malmbergs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Örgryte IS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcus Lantz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcus_Lantz', 'summary': 'Marcus Lantz ( born 23 October 1975 ) is a Swedish former professional footballer , who played as a holding midfielder . He is the manager of Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC . He has played six matches for the Sweden national football team . Born in Kristianstad , Lantz started playing football with amateur club IFÖ/Bromölla IF . After one season , he moved on to Helsingborgs IF in the top-flight Allsvenskan championship . He helped Helsingborg win the 1998 Svenska Cupen and 1999 Allsvenskan titles and had a trial at English club Chelsea in December 1997 , before he moved abroad in the winter 1999 . After a short stop at Torino F.C . in Italy , where he never got to play any games , Lantz moved to FC Hansa Rostock in the Bundesliga championship in November 1999 . He was instantly a part of the Rostock first team line-up , and in his six seasons with the club , he played 164 league matches . While at Rostock , Lantz chose to play no longer for the Swedish national team . With his contract running out in the summer 2005 , he left Rostock on a free transfer . He joined Danish club Brøndby IF , under manager Michael Laudrup .'}]}, {'value': 'Jakob Lindström', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uhlsport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uhlsport', 'summary': 'uhlsport GmbH is a German sporting goods manufacturer . Originally established in 1948 as Haase & Uhl OHG and later renamed Karl Uhl GmbH , the company became uhlsport GmbH in 1994 . It is an international company which has its permanent headquarters in Balingen in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . The company manufactures and distributes its products through the brands uhlsport , Kempa , Spalding and BLK .'}]}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Östersunds FK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graham Potter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Graham_Potter', 'summary': 'Graham Stephen Potter ( born 20 May 1975 ) is an English professional football manager and former player who played as a left back . He is the head coach of Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion . In a 13-year playing career , he made 307 appearances in the Football League . He also played in the Premier League for Southampton and the Football Conference for Shrewsbury Town . At international level , he was capped once for England at under-21 level . Potter started his managerial career in December 2010 with Swedish club Östersund . He won three promotions and the Svenska Cupen with Östersund , leading them to the 2017-18 UEFA Europa League knockout stage . He was appointed manager of Championship club Swansea City in June 2018 , and moved on to Brighton & Hove Albion a year later .'}]}, {'value': 'Petter Augustsson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PEAB', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams -- Personnel and kits', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2013_Superettan_0', 'intro': "The 2013 Superettan, part of the 2013 Swedish football season, was the 13th season of Sweden's second-tier football league in its current format. The 2013 fixtures were released on 18 December 2012. The season started on 6 April 2013 and ended on 2 November 2013. Falkenbergs FF won Superettan this season, their first title and were thus promoted to Allsvenskan for the first time along with runners-up Örebro SK who returned to the top flight after one years absence. GIF Sundsvall advanced to the promotion play-offs but failed to win against Halmstads BK. A total of 16 teams contested the league; 11 returning from the 2012 season, three that were relegated from Allsvenskan and three that were promoted from Division 1."} | null | null | Which shirt sponsor was charged with making false claims in their advertisements ? | Herbalife |
0bd3851cbed77e60 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_RFL_Championship', 'title': '2012 RFL Championship', 'header': ['Team & Current Season', 'Stadium', 'Capacity', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': 'Batley Bulldogs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batley_Bulldogs', 'summary': 'The Batley Bulldogs are an English professional rugby league club in Batley , West Yorkshire , who play in the Championship . Batley were one of the original twenty-two rugby football clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 . They were League Champions in 1924 and have won three Challenge Cups .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Pleasant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Batley', 'summary': "Mount Pleasant stadium ( officially known ( for sponsorship purposes ) as Fox 's Biscuits Stadium ) is a rugby league stadium in Batley , West Yorkshire , England . It is the home of Batley Bulldogs . The Mount Pleasant pitch is sloped and is on a hill overlooking Batley . The end of the ground at the top of the hill has three grandstands . Behind the rugby posts is a terraced stand , which houses the players changing rooms and executive boxes . At the opposite end at the bottom of the hill is an open terraced stand . The bottom corner of the pitch has a pronounced dip ."}]}, {'value': '6,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batley , West Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batley', 'summary': 'Batley is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees , West Yorkshire , England . It lies 7 miles ( 11 km ) south-east of Bradford , 7 miles ( 11 km ) south-west of Leeds and 1 mile ( 2 km ) north of Dewsbury , near the M62 motorway . Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire , in 2011 its two wards ( Batley East and Batley West ) had a combined population of 38,573 . Other nearby towns include : Morley to the north-east , Ossett to the south-east and Brighouse west-south-west . Batley is part of a special EU transformation zone .'}]}, {'value': 'Dewsbury Rams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dewsbury_Rams', 'summary': "The Dewsbury Rams are a professional English rugby league club based in Dewsbury , West Yorkshire which competes in the Kingstone Press Championship . They play their home games at the Tetley 's Stadium , on Owl Lane . The Dewsbury Rams main fanbase comes from their hometown of Dewsbury but also hold a strong following in Shaw Cross as well as neighbouring Gawthorpe and Ossett , amongst other places . Prior to the 1997 season , the club was known simply as Dewsbury R.L.F.C . The club won a league title in 1972-73 after finishing the regular season in 8th place . The club has also won the Challenge Cup twice ."}]}, {'value': "Tetley 's Stadium", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crown_Flatt', 'summary': "Crown Flatt , known as the Tetley 's Stadium for sponsorship purposes , is a Rugby League Stadium in Dewsbury , West Yorkshire , England . It is the home of Bradford and Dewsbury Rugby League clubs . It occupies the site of Shaw Cross Colliery , which closed in August 1968 . Crown Flatt was also the name of a stadium used by Dewsbury until 13 September 1988 , when it was deliberately burnt down ."}]}, {'value': '3,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dewsbury , West Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dewsbury', 'summary': 'Dewsbury is a minster town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees , in West Yorkshire , England . It is to the west of Wakefield , east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds . It lies by the River Calder and an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation . Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town , Dewsbury went through a period of decline . More recently there has been redevelopment of derelict mills into flats , and regenerating of city areas . According to the 2011 census the Dewsbury urban sub-area had a population of 62,945 . Dewsbury is the largest town in the Heavy Woollen District , a conurbation of small mill towns .'}]}, {'value': 'Featherstone Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Featherstone_Rovers', 'summary': 'Featherstone Rovers are a professional rugby league club in Featherstone , West Yorkshire , England , who play in the Championship . Featherstone is a small former coal mining town with a population of around 16,000 and Rovers are one of the last small town teams which were common in rugby league in the early 20th century . Known as Fev or Flat Cappers but their official nickname has always been The Colliers the club has produced many junior players who have gone on to play for Super League clubs . Their local rivals are Castleford and Wakefield Trinity , and in the Championship Halifax . The club have won the Challenge Cup three times , in 1967 , 1973 and 1983 , and been League Champions once , in 1977 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bigfellas Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Post_Office_Road', 'summary': "Post Office Road , ( currently known as the L.D . Nutrition Stadium for sponsorship purposes ) , is a rugby league ground in Featherstone , near Pontefract , West Yorkshire , England . It is the home of rugby league club Featherstone Rovers . The ground 's current capacity is 9,850 ."}]}, {'value': '6,750', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Featherstone , West Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Featherstone', 'summary': 'Featherstone is a town and civil parish in the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire , England , two miles south-west of Pontefract . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , in 2011 , it had a population of 15,244 . Featherstone railway station is on the Pontefract Line .'}]}, {'value': 'Halifax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halifax_R.L.F.C.', 'summary': "Halifax R.L.F.C . is a professional rugby league club in Halifax , West Yorkshire , which formed in 1873 . Halifax were one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 . They have been Rugby League Champions four times and have won the Challenge Cup five times . They were known as the Halifax Blue Sox between 1996 and 2002 . They have rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield and with fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers . Known as 'Fax ' , the club colours are blue and white hoops , white shorts and blue and white socks . They share the Shay stadium with the town 's football club , Halifax Town ."}]}, {'value': 'The Shay Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Shay', 'summary': 'The Shay is a sports stadium in Halifax , West Yorkshire , England . Halifax Town football and Halifax rugby league clubs both play home games at the Shay . The stadium is owned by Calderdale Metropolitan Council and leased by the Shay Stadium Trust , a not-for-profit company set up to preserve the ground as a sports stadium . The Shay lies on the south side of Halifax , about a quarter of a mile from the town centre . The four stands at the Shay are the North Stand , the East Stand , the South Stand and the Skircoat Stand . The North and South stands were built in the mid-1990s . The Skircoat Stand is the oldest stand at the Shay .'}]}, {'value': '6,561', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halifax , West Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire', 'summary': "Halifax ( /ˈhælɪfæks/ ) is a minster town in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale in West Yorkshire , England . Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire , the town has been a centre of woollen manufacture from the 15th century onward , originally dealing through the Piece Hall . Halifax is known for Mackintosh 's chocolate and toffee products including Rolo and Quality Street . The Halifax Bank was also founded and is still headquartered in Halifax . Dean Clough , one of the largest textile factories in the world at more than 1⁄2 mile ( 800 m ) long , was in the north of the town . The premises have since been converted for office and retail use including a gym , theatre , Travelodge and radio station ."}]}, {'value': 'Hunslet Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hunslet_R.L.F.C.', 'summary': 'Hunslet R.L.F.C . is a professional rugby league club in Hunslet , South Leeds , West Yorkshire , England , who play in Betfred League 1 . The club was founded in 1973 as New Hunslet , they became Hunslet in 1979 and the club were the Hunslet Hawks between 1995 and 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'South Leeds Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Leeds_Stadium', 'summary': "The John Charles Centre for Sport is a sports facility in South Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . It was previously named the South Leeds Stadium ( although the actual stadium is still known by this name ) and was renamed to honour John Charles ( 1931-2004 ) , the former Leeds United , Juventus F.C . and Wales footballer . It is located to the south of Leeds city centre roughly on the border of Beeston , Belle Isle and Hunslet . The sports centre opened in 1996 . The stadium has been used by Leeds United for reserve matches , and since November 1995 by rugby league club Hunslet . It is the principal athletics stadium in the Leeds area and is the home of Leeds City Athletics Club . The sports complex also includes a tennis centre and indoor bowls and athletics centre . The stadium is one of the best available to clubs at Hunslet 's level . The complex is comparable with the Gateshead International Stadium ."}]}, {'value': '4,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leeds , West Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leeds', 'summary': "Leeds is the largest city in the county of West Yorkshire in Northern England , approximately 170 miles north of central London . Leeds has one of the most diverse economies of all the UK 's main employment centres and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city . It also has the highest ratio of private to public sector jobs of all the UK 's Core Cities , with 77% of its workforce working in the private sector . Leeds has the third-largest jobs total by local authority area , with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015 . Leeds is ranked as a High Sufficiency level city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Leeds is the cultural , financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area . Leeds is served by five universities , and has the fourth largest student population in the country and the country 's fourth largest urban economy . Leeds was a small manorial borough in the 13th century , and in the 17th and 18th centuries it became a major centre for the production and trading of wool , and in the Industrial Revolution a major mill town ; wool was still the dominant industry , but flax , engineering , iron foundries , printing , and other industries were also important . From being a market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century , Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century . It now lies within the West Yorkshire Urban Area , the United Kingdom 's fourth-most populous urban area , with a population of 2.6 million . Today , Leeds has become the largest legal and financial centre outside London with the financial and insurance services industry worth £13 billion to the city 's economy . The finance and business service sector account for 38% of total output with more than 30 national and international banks located in the city , including an office of the Bank of England ."}]}, {'value': 'Keighley Cougars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keighley_Cougars', 'summary': "The Keighley Cougars are a professional rugby league club from Keighley in West Yorkshire , England who compete in League 1 , the third tier of English rugby league . Keighley 's home ground , Cougar Park has a capacity of 7,800 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cougar Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cougar_Park', 'summary': 'Cougar Park is a rugby league stadium in Keighley , England , which is the home stadium of Keighley Cougars . Its capacity is 7,800 people . It also hosted a match during the 1995 Rugby League World Cup . From 1899 until 1995 , it was known as Lawkholme Lane . Football is also played at the ground , with Steeton A.F.C . moving into the ground in 2018 . Previously , Silsden F.C . had played their home matches at the venue between 2003 and 2010 .'}]}, {'value': '7,800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keighley , West Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keighley', 'summary': 'Keighley ( /ˈkiːθli/ ( listen ) KEETH-lee ) is a town and civil parish within the City of Bradford , West Yorkshire , England , 11 miles ( 18 km ) north-west of Bradford , 11 miles ( 18 km ) south of Ilkley , 13 miles ( 21 km ) , north of Halifax , 12 miles ( 19 km ) south-east of Skipton , and 20 miles ( 32 km ) north-west of Leeds at the confluence of the rivers Aire and Worth . Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire , Keighley lies between Airedale and Keighley Moors . The town is the terminus of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway , a heritage steam branch line which has been restored and runs through the Worth Valley to Oxenhope via Oakworth and Haworth . At the 2011 census , Keighley had a population of 56,348 .'}]}, {'value': 'Leigh Centurions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leigh_Centurions', 'summary': 'The Leigh Centurions are a professional rugby league club in Leigh , Greater Manchester , England , who compete in the Championship . The club was founded in 1878 and is one of the original twenty-two clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 . Leigh have been Rugby League Champions twice , in 1906 and 1982 , and have won the Challenge Cup twice , in 1921 and 1971 . The club was known simply as Leigh until 1995 .'}]}, {'value': 'Leigh Sports Village', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leigh_Sports_Village', 'summary': 'Leigh Sports Village is a £50 million multi-use sports , retail and housing development in Leigh , Greater Manchester , England . The centrepiece of the development is a 12,000-capacity stadium which is home to professional rugby league team Leigh Centurions and Manchester United U19s , U23s and W.F.C . The complex also plays host to amateur rugby league club Leigh East and amateur athletics club Leigh Harriers , who both occupy dedicated facilities on the site . Other facilities on site include the Leigh campus of Wigan and Leigh College , Leigh Sports Centre , which includes a gym , multi-use sports hall and swimming pool , Holiday Inn Express , Morrisons supermarket and Whistling Wren public house .'}]}, {'value': '12,700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leigh , Greater Manchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leigh,_Greater_Manchester', 'summary': "Leigh is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan , Greater Manchester , England , 7.7 miles ( 12 km ) southeast of Wigan and 9.5 miles ( 15.3 km ) west of Manchester , on low-lying land northwest of Chat Moss . Historically part of Lancashire , Leigh was originally the centre of a large ecclesiastical parish covering six vills or townships . When the three townships of Pennington , Westleigh and Bedford merged in 1875 forming the Leigh Local Board District , Leigh became the official name for the town although it had been applied to the area of Pennington and Westleigh around the parish church for many centuries . The town became an urban district in 1894 when part of Atherton was added . In 1899 Leigh became a municipal borough . The first town hall was built in King Street and replaced by the present building in 1907 . Originally an agricultural area noted for dairy farming , domestic spinning and weaving led to a considerable silk and , in the 20th century , cotton industry . Leigh also exploited the underlying coal measures particularly after the town was connected to the canals and railways . Leigh had an important engineering base . The legacy of Leigh 's industrial past can be seen in the remaining red brick mills - some of which are listed buildings - although it is now a mainly residential town , with Edwardian and Victorian terraced housing packed around the town centre . Leigh 's present-day economy is based largely on the retail sector ."}]}, {'value': 'Sheffield Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sheffield_Eagles', 'summary': "The Sheffield Eagles are a professional rugby league club that play in the Betfred Championship . The club play their home games at the Olympic Legacy Park ( OLP ) on the former site of Don Valley Stadium , their former ground . The original club was formed in 1984 and formerly competed in the Super League . The new , current club was formed in 2000 following a merger of the old club with Huddersfield Giants . The old club 's biggest achievement was winning the Challenge Cup in 1998 . The Eagles are the current holders of the 1895 Cup , after they beat Widnes Vikings at Wembley Stadium on 24 August ."}]}, {'value': 'Bramall Lane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bramall_Lane', 'summary': "Bramall Lane is a football stadium in Sheffield , South Yorkshire , England . It is the home of Premier League club Sheffield United . As the largest stadium in Sheffield during the 19th century , it hosted most of the city 's most significant matches including the final of the world 's first football tournament , first floodlit match and several matches between the Sheffield and London Football Associations that led to the unification of their respective rules . It was also used by Sheffield Wednesday and Sheffield F.C . for major matches . It has been the home of Sheffield United since the club 's establishment in 1889 . It is the oldest major stadium in the world still to be hosting professional association football matches . The stadium was built on a Sheffield road named after the Bramall family ( who were file and graver manufacturers ) . The Bramalls owned 'The Old White House ' on the corner of Bramall Lane and Cherry Street , and subsequently built the Sheaf House , now a public house that still stands at the top of Bramall Lane . The stadium was originally opened as a cricket ground . It was also used for football games in the 19th century by Sheffield F.C . and Sheffield Wednesday but since 1889 it has been the home of Sheffield United ."}]}, {'value': '32,702', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sheffield , South Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sheffield', 'summary': "Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire , England . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , its name derives from the River Sheaf , which runs through the city . With some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire , the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base . The population of the City of Sheffield is 582,506 ( mid-2018 est . ) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the Core Cities Group . Sheffield is the third-largest English district by population . The metropolitan population of Sheffield is 1,569,000 . The city is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines , and the valleys of the River Don and its four tributaries , the Loxley , the Porter Brook , the Rivelin and the Sheaf . Sixty-one per cent of Sheffield 's entire area is green space , and a third of the city lies within the Peak District national park . There are more than 250 parks , woodlands and gardens in the city , which is estimated to contain around 4.5 million trees . Sheffield played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution , with many significant inventions and technologies developed in the city . In the 19th century , the city saw a huge expansion of its traditional cutlery trade , when stainless steel and crucible steel were developed locally , fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population ."}]}, {'value': 'Swinton Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swinton_Lions', 'summary': 'The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton , Greater Manchester , England , which competes in the Championship . The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups . Before 1996 , the club was known simply as Swinton .'}]}, {'value': 'Leigh Sports Village', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leigh_Sports_Village', 'summary': 'Leigh Sports Village is a £50 million multi-use sports , retail and housing development in Leigh , Greater Manchester , England . The centrepiece of the development is a 12,000-capacity stadium which is home to professional rugby league team Leigh Centurions and Manchester United U19s , U23s and W.F.C . The complex also plays host to amateur rugby league club Leigh East and amateur athletics club Leigh Harriers , who both occupy dedicated facilities on the site . Other facilities on site include the Leigh campus of Wigan and Leigh College , Leigh Sports Centre , which includes a gym , multi-use sports hall and swimming pool , Holiday Inn Express , Morrisons supermarket and Whistling Wren public house .'}]}, {'value': '12,700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leigh , Greater Manchester', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'York City Knights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/York_City_Knights', 'summary': 'The York City Knights are an English professional rugby league club based in York . They play their home games at Bootham Crescent where they ground share with York City F.C . In the 2016 season they played in League 1 . In 2018 the club succeeded in winning all their matches except two and were crowned league champions , earning immediate promotion to the Championship league . The current club was formed in 2002 after the original York club folded .'}]}, {'value': 'Huntington Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huntington_Stadium', 'summary': 'Huntington Stadium ( formerly Ryedale Stadium ) is the former stadium of English rugby league teams York Wasps , and York City Knights .'}]}, {'value': '3,428', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'York , North Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/York', 'summary': 'York is a city and unitary authority area in North Yorkshire , England . The population of the council area which includes nearby villages was 208,200 as of 2017 [ citation needed ] and the population of the urban area was 153,717 at the 2011 census . Located at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss , it is the county town of the historic county of Yorkshire . The city is known for its famous historical landmarks such as York Minster and the city walls , as well as a variety of cultural and sporting activities , which makes it a popular tourist destination in England . The local authority is the City of York Council , a single tier governing body responsible for providing all local services and facilities throughout the city . The City of York local government district includes rural areas beyond the old city boundaries . It is about 25 miles north-east of Leeds and 34 miles north-west of Kingston upon Hull . York is the largest settlement in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire . The city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum in 71 AD . It became the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior , and later of the kingdoms of Deira , Northumbria and Jórvík . In the Middle Ages , York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England , a role it has retained . In the 19th century , York became a major hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre , a status it maintained well into the 20th century .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': "This year 's competition featured mostly the same teams as it did in 2011 . The Swinton Lions and Keighley Cougars were promoted from the 2011 Championship 1 , Widnes Vikings were promoted into Super League after winning a licence for 2012-14 seasons , while Barrow Raiders were relegated . Toulouse Olympique , who finished second bottom the previous season , decided to withdraw from the competition and return to the French Elite One Championship league . The changes means that 10 teams competed in the 2012 season . This will increase to 14 in the 2013 season , which meant no relegation from the Championship for the 2012 season . [ 2 ] Legend Reigning champions Defending Northern Rail Cup Champions Promoted", 'uid': '2012_RFL_Championship_0', 'intro': 'The 2012 Rugby Football League Championship, also known as Co-operative Championship due to sponsorship by The Co-operative Group, was a semi-professional rugby league football competition played in the UK, one tier below the first tier Super League. The two worst performing teams during the season usually are relegated to Championship 1, however for the 2012 season, no relegation took place, due to the expansion of the Championship to 14 teams in 2013. The winners of the division is decided by a play-off system involving the top 6 teams at the end of the regular season with two teams eventually progressing to the Grand Final. The final was won by Sheffield Eagles, who beat Featherstone Rovers 20-16 at the Halliwell Jones Stadium. There was no automatic promotion from this league to Super League, which uses a licensing system renewed every three years. Qualifying for the Grand Final or winning the Northern Rail Cup is a prerequisite for Championship clubs to be able to apply for a licence in the next round of applications for the 2015-17 seasons. All of the teams in the 2012 Co-operative Championship also competed in the 2012 Challenge Cup, where they entered in the third round. All of the teams also competed in the 2012 National League Cup which started before the Co-operative Championship with the finals held mid season.'} | null | null | What is the capacity of the stadium that was renamed to honor John Charles ? | 4,000 |
0bd3cd97f3c2f84a | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy_SC_26', 'title': 'Convoy SC 26', 'header': ['Name', 'Flag', 'Tonnage ( GRT )', 'Cargo', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'British Reliance ( 1928 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '7,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9,967 tons gas oil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-46 on 2 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-46_(1938)', 'summary': "German submarine U-46 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She had a highly successful career during the war ."}]}, {'value': 'Alderpool ( 1930 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '4,313', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,200 tons wheat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-46 on 3 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-46_(1938)', 'summary': "German submarine U-46 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She had a highly successful career during the war ."}]}, {'value': 'Leonidas Z Cambanis ( 1917 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '4,274', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6,500 tons wheat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-73 on 3 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-73_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-73 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She was laid down by Vegesacker Werft , Germany as yard number 1 on 5 November 1939 , launched on 27 July 1940 and commissioned on 30 September of the same year under Kapitänleutnant ( Kptlt . ) Helmut Rosenbaum . U-73 carried out 15 patrols between early 1941 and late 1943 , sinking eight ships and four warships . She also damaged a further three commercial vessels . She was part of five wolfpacks . She was sunk by two US warships , USS Woolsey and Trippe , off the North African coast on 16 December 1943 at 36°7′N 0°50′W / 36.117°N 0.833°W / 36.117 ; -0.833Coordinates : 36°7′N 0°50′W / 36.117°N 0.833°W / 36.117 ; -0.833 ."}]}, {'value': 'Westpool ( 1918 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Westpool_(ID-3675)', 'summary': 'USS Westpool ( ID-3675 ) - sometimes written as West Pool - was a cargo ship of the United States Navy that served during World War I and its immediate aftermath. ` As SS Westpool , she was sunk during World War II after being sold to the United Kingdom for use as a merchant ship .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,724', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,144 tons scrap iron', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-74 on 3 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-74_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-74 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 5 November 1939 , by Bremer Vulkan of Bremen-Vegesack , Germany as yard number 2 . She was launched on 31 August 1940 and commissioned on 31 October , with Kapitänleutnant ( Kptlt . ) Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat in command until March 1942 , when he was succeeded by Oberleutnant zur See ( Oblt.z.S . ) Karl Friederich , who remained in charge until the U-boat 's loss ."}]}, {'value': 'Indier ( 1918 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '5,409', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General cargo incl . 6,300 tons steel', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-73 on 3 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-73_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-73 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She was laid down by Vegesacker Werft , Germany as yard number 1 on 5 November 1939 , launched on 27 July 1940 and commissioned on 30 September of the same year under Kapitänleutnant ( Kptlt . ) Helmut Rosenbaum . U-73 carried out 15 patrols between early 1941 and late 1943 , sinking eight ships and four warships . She also damaged a further three commercial vessels . She was part of five wolfpacks . She was sunk by two US warships , USS Woolsey and Trippe , off the North African coast on 16 December 1943 at 36°7′N 0°50′W / 36.117°N 0.833°W / 36.117 ; -0.833Coordinates : 36°7′N 0°50′W / 36.117°N 0.833°W / 36.117 ; -0.833 ."}]}, {'value': 'British Viscount ( 1921 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '6,895', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fuel oil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-73 on 3 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-73_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-73 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She was laid down by Vegesacker Werft , Germany as yard number 1 on 5 November 1939 , launched on 27 July 1940 and commissioned on 30 September of the same year under Kapitänleutnant ( Kptlt . ) Helmut Rosenbaum . U-73 carried out 15 patrols between early 1941 and late 1943 , sinking eight ships and four warships . She also damaged a further three commercial vessels . She was part of five wolfpacks . She was sunk by two US warships , USS Woolsey and Trippe , off the North African coast on 16 December 1943 at 36°7′N 0°50′W / 36.117°N 0.833°W / 36.117 ; -0.833Coordinates : 36°7′N 0°50′W / 36.117°N 0.833°W / 36.117 ; -0.833 ."}]}, {'value': 'Helle ( 1918 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': '2,467', 'urls': []}, {'value': '350 tons steel & 2,600 tons woodpulp', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-98 on 4 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-98_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-98 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II , operating from March 1941 until she was sunk in November 1942 . She was launched on 31 August 1940 and commissioned on 12 October , with a crew of 46 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Robert Gysae , operating from St. Nazaire in France . In March 1942 command was transferred to Korvettenkapitän Wilhelm Schulze . Her final commander was Oberleutnant zur See Kurt Eichmann , who took over in October 1942 . She was a member of six wolfpacks ."}]}, {'value': 'Welcombe ( 1930 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,122', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wheat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-98 on 3 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-98_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-98 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II , operating from March 1941 until she was sunk in November 1942 . She was launched on 31 August 1940 and commissioned on 12 October , with a crew of 46 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Robert Gysae , operating from St. Nazaire in France . In March 1942 command was transferred to Korvettenkapitän Wilhelm Schulze . Her final commander was Oberleutnant zur See Kurt Eichmann , who took over in October 1942 . She was a member of six wolfpacks ."}]}, {'value': 'Harbledown ( 1933 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,414', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wheat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-94 on the night of 3/4 April after convoy was scattered', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-94_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-94 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She was laid down on 9 September 1939 at the F. Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 599 , launched on 12 June 1940 and commissioned on 10 August 1940 under Kapitänleutnant Herbert Kuppisch . She sank 26 ships of 141,852 GRT in ten patrols and was a member of six wolfpacks but was herself sunk by a US aircraft and a Canadian warship in August 1942 ."}]}, {'value': 'Athenic ( 1937 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1941', 'summary': 'The list of shipwrecks in April 1941 includes all ships sunk , foundered , grounded , or otherwise lost during April 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,351', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunk by U-76 on 4 April', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-76_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-76 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She played a minor role in the Battle of the Atlantic , but was destroyed south of Iceland ."}]}, {'value': 'Magician ( 1925 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,105', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steel & lumber', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carried convoy commodore Vice-Admiral G T C P Swabey CB DSO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akabahra ( 1929 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': '1,524', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lumber', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Returned to Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anacortes ( 1918 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '4,889', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steel & scrap', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daleby ( 1929 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '4,640', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Survived this convoy to be sunk in convoy SC 107', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Convoy_SC_107', 'summary': 'Convoy SC 107 was the 107th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney , Cape Breton Island to Liverpool . The ships departed New York City on 24 October 1942 and were found and engaged by a wolfpack of U-boats which sank fifteen ships . It was the heaviest loss of ships from any trans-Atlantic convoy through the winter of 1942-43 . The attack included one of the largest non-nuclear man-made explosions in history , when U-132 torpedoed ammunition ships SS Hobbema and SS Hatimura - both were sunk , one exploded , with the German submarine also being destroyed in the explosion .'}]}, {'value': 'Editor ( 1919 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SS_Norlom', 'summary': 'Norlom was a 6,326 GRT Design 1105 cargo ship that was built in 1919 as Editor by Skinner & Eddy Corporation , Seattle , Washington , United States for the United States Shipping Board ( USSB ) , which became the United States Maritime Commission ( USMC ) in 1937 . In 1941 , she was transferred to the British Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) and renamed Empire Dunlin . She was transferred to Norway in 1942 and renamed Norlom . She served until 2 December 1943 when she was bombed and sunk at Bari , Italy .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '6,326', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steel & motor vehicles', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eelbeck ( 1919 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '6,318', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scrap & motor vehicles', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empire Dew ( 1941 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SS_Empire_Dew', 'summary': 'Empire Dew was a 7,005 GRT Cargo ship that was built in 1940 by Lithgows Ltd , Port Glasgow , United Kingdom for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was torpedoed and sunk by U-48 in 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '7,005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flour', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ethel Radcliffe ( 1920 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '5,673', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grain', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havtor ( 1930 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': '1,524', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pit props', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hontestroom ( 1921 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '1,857', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rescue ship', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Ships in Convoy -- Merchant Ships', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Convoy_SC_26_0', 'intro': 'SC 26 was a North Atlantic convoy of the SC series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.'} | null | null | What is the ship that was sank by the submarine that was launched on 31 August 1940 ? | Welcombe |
0bd7c00df88544ca | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im_Chang-jung', 'title': 'Im Chang-jung', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Network'], 'data': [{'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eyes of Dawn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eyes_of_Dawn', 'summary': "Eyes of Dawn ( Korean : 여명의 눈동자 ; Hanja : 黎明의 눈瞳子 ; RR : Yeomyeongui Nundongja ) is a South Korean television series starring Choi Jae-sung , Chae Shi-ra and Park Sang-won . Directed by Kim Jong-hak and written by Song Ji-na based on the 10-volume novel of the same name by Kim Seong-jong ( published in 1981 ) , the story spans the years from the Japanese colonial period to World War II , Korea 's liberation and the Korean War . With a budget of ₩7.2 billion , overseas shoots in China and the Philippines , over 270 actors and 21,000 extras , Eyes of Dawn was one of the first Korean dramas to be shot in its entirety before broadcast and the largest scale Korean television production of its time . It aired on MBC from October 7 , 1991 to February 6 , 1992 for 36 episodes , and reached a peak viewership rating of 58.4% , making it the 9th highest-rated Korean drama of all time ."}]}, {'value': 'Gil-soo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation', 'summary': 'Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ; Korean : 문화방송주식회사 ; Hanja : 文化放送株式會社 ; RR : Munhwa Bangsong Jusikhoesa ; lit . Cultural Broadcasting Corporation ) is one of the leading South Korean television and radio network companies . Munhwa is the Sino-Korean word for culture . Its flagship terrestrial television station MBC TV is Channel 11 ( LCN ) for Digital . Established on 2 December 1961 , MBC is a Korean terrestrial broadcaster which has a nationwide network of 17 regional stations . Although it operates on advertising , MBC is a public broadcaster , as its largest shareholder is a public organization , The Foundation of Broadcast Culture . Today , it is a multimedia group with one terrestrial TV channel , three radio channels , five cable channels , five satellite channels and four DMB channels . MBC is headquartered in Digital Media City ( DMC ) , Mapo-gu , Seoul and has the largest broadcast production facilities in Korea including digital production centre Dream Center in Ilsan , indoor and outdoor sets in Yongin Daejanggeum Park .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Days of Sunshine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KBS2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KBS2', 'summary': 'KBS2 is a South Korean free-to-air channel owned by the Korean Broadcasting System ( KBS ) . Its programming mainly consists of drama and entertainment shows . KBS2 is a result of the forced merger of the Tongyang Broadcasting Corporation with KBS in 1980 .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ladybug', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KBS2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KBS2', 'summary': 'KBS2 is a South Korean free-to-air channel owned by the Korean Broadcasting System ( KBS ) . Its programming mainly consists of drama and entertainment shows . KBS2 is a result of the forced merger of the Tongyang Broadcasting Corporation with KBS in 1980 .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Three Guys and Three Girls', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation', 'summary': 'Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ; Korean : 문화방송주식회사 ; Hanja : 文化放送株式會社 ; RR : Munhwa Bangsong Jusikhoesa ; lit . Cultural Broadcasting Corporation ) is one of the leading South Korean television and radio network companies . Munhwa is the Sino-Korean word for culture . Its flagship terrestrial television station MBC TV is Channel 11 ( LCN ) for Digital . Established on 2 December 1961 , MBC is a Korean terrestrial broadcaster which has a nationwide network of 17 regional stations . Although it operates on advertising , MBC is a public broadcaster , as its largest shareholder is a public organization , The Foundation of Broadcast Culture . Today , it is a multimedia group with one terrestrial TV channel , three radio channels , five cable channels , five satellite channels and four DMB channels . MBC is headquartered in Digital Media City ( DMC ) , Mapo-gu , Seoul and has the largest broadcast production facilities in Korea including digital production centre Dream Center in Ilsan , indoor and outdoor sets in Yongin Daejanggeum Park .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Story', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System', 'summary': 'Seoul Broadcasting System ( SBS ) ( Korean : 에스비에스 ; RR : Eseubieseu ) is a national South Korean television and radio network company . In March 2000 , the company legally became known as SBS , changing its corporate name from Seoul Broadcasting System ( 서울방송 ) . It has provided terrestrial digital TV service in the ATSC format since 2001 , and T-DMB ( Digital Multimedia Broadcasting ) service since 2005 . Its flagship terrestrial television station is Channel 6 for Digital and Cable .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Woman Who Still Wants to Marry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Woman_Who_Still_Wants_to_Marry', 'summary': 'The Woman Who Still Wants to Marry ( Korean : 아직도 결혼하고 싶은 여자 ; RR : Ajikdo Gyeolhonhago Shipeun Yeoja ; also known as Still , Marry Me ) is a 2010 South Korean romantic comedy television series that revolves around three thirtysomething career women in their quest for true love . It stars Park Jin-hee , Uhm Ji-won , Wang Bit-na and Kim Bum . It aired on MBC from January 20 to March 11 , 2010 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes .'}]}, {'value': 'Jerry Oh ( cameo )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameo_appearance', 'summary': "A cameo role or cameo appearance ( /ˈkæmioʊ/ ; often shortened to just cameo ) is a brief appearance or voice part of a well known person in a work of the performing arts . These roles are generally small , many of them non-speaking ones , and are commonly either appearances in a work in which they hold some special significance ( such as actors from an original movie appearing in its remake ) or renowned people making uncredited appearances . Short appearances by celebrities , film directors , politicians , athletes or musicians are common . A crew member of the movie or show playing a minor role can be referred to as a cameo as well , such as Alfred Hitchcock 's frequently performed cameos ."}]}, {'value': 'MBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation', 'summary': 'Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ; Korean : 문화방송주식회사 ; Hanja : 文化放送株式會社 ; RR : Munhwa Bangsong Jusikhoesa ; lit . Cultural Broadcasting Corporation ) is one of the leading South Korean television and radio network companies . Munhwa is the Sino-Korean word for culture . Its flagship terrestrial television station MBC TV is Channel 11 ( LCN ) for Digital . Established on 2 December 1961 , MBC is a Korean terrestrial broadcaster which has a nationwide network of 17 regional stations . Although it operates on advertising , MBC is a public broadcaster , as its largest shareholder is a public organization , The Foundation of Broadcast Culture . Today , it is a multimedia group with one terrestrial TV channel , three radio channels , five cable channels , five satellite channels and four DMB channels . MBC is headquartered in Digital Media City ( DMC ) , Mapo-gu , Seoul and has the largest broadcast production facilities in Korea including digital production centre Dream Center in Ilsan , indoor and outdoor sets in Yongin Daejanggeum Park .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Ji Woon-soo 's Stroke of Luck", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ji_Woon-soo's_Stroke_of_Luck", 'summary': "Ji Woon-soo 's Stroke of Luck ( Korean : 지운수대통 ; RR : Ji Un-su Daetong ) is a 2012 South Korean television series that aired on cable channel TV Chosun from April 21 to June 24 , 2012 on Saturdays and Sundays at 18:50 for 20 episodes . It marks film actor Im Chang-jung 's first TV starring role in his 21-year career ."}]}, {'value': 'Ji Woon-soo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Chosun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chosun_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "Chosun Broadcasting Company ( Korean : 주식회사조선방송 ; Hanja : 株式會社朝鮮放送 ; Jusikhoesa Joseon Bangsong ; literally Company Korea Broadcasting ) , also known on-air as TV Chosun ( stylised as TV CHOSUN ) , is a South Korean pay television network and broadcasting company , owned by the Chosun Ilbo-led consortium . It began broadcasting on 1 December 2011 . TV Chosun is one of four new South Korean nationwide generalist cable TV networks alongside JoongAng Ilbo 's JTBC , Dong-A Ilbo 's Channel A , and Maeil Kyungje 's MBN in 2011 . The four new networks supplement existing conventional free-to-air TV networks like KBS , MBC , SBS , and other smaller channels launched following deregulation in 1990 ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Witch at Court', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Witch_at_Court', 'summary': "Witch at Court ( Korean : 마녀의 법정 ; RR : Manyeoui Beopjeong ; lit . Witch 's Court ) is a 2017 South Korean television series starring Jung Ryeo-won and Yoon Hyun-min . It aired on KBS2 from October 9 to November 28 , 2017 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 ( KST ) time slot ."}]}, {'value': 'Investigated man ( special appearance )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KBS2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dazzling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dazzling_(TV_series)', 'summary': "The Light in Your Eyes ( Korean : 눈이 부시게 ; RR : Nuni Busige ; lit . Eyes Are Dazzling ) is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Han Ji-min , Kim Hye-ja , Nam Joo-hyuk , and Son Ho-jun . It aired on JTBC 's Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:30 ( KST ) time slot from February 11 to March 19 , 2019 . The drama is regarded as one of the best dramas of all time and is critically acclaimed for portraying the hardships everyday people face intimately ."}]}, {'value': 'a swindler ( cameo , Ep . 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameo_appearance', 'summary': "A cameo role or cameo appearance ( /ˈkæmioʊ/ ; often shortened to just cameo ) is a brief appearance or voice part of a well known person in a work of the performing arts . These roles are generally small , many of them non-speaking ones , and are commonly either appearances in a work in which they hold some special significance ( such as actors from an original movie appearing in its remake ) or renowned people making uncredited appearances . Short appearances by celebrities , film directors , politicians , athletes or musicians are common . A crew member of the movie or show playing a minor role can be referred to as a cameo as well , such as Alfred Hitchcock 's frequently performed cameos ."}]}, {'value': 'JTBC', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Television series', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Im_Chang-jung_1', 'intro': 'Im Chang-jung (Korean: 임창정; born November 30, 1973) is a South Korean actor, ballad singer-songwriter, and composer. He is often referred by Koreans as the original multi-entertainer for being active in all three fields: film, music, and entertainment. He made his acting debut in 1990 and his singing debut in 1995. He has since released 14 full-length albums and has become known for hit songs that are vocally challenging to sing.'} | null | null | Whose difficulties are shown in the show in which Im Chang-jung had a cameo in 2019 ? | everyday people |
0bd8397f8ee1ea2a | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurna_Studios', 'title': 'Annapurna Studios', 'header': ['Year', 'Film', 'Director', 'Cast', 'Details'], 'data': [{'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manmadhudu 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manmadhudu_2', 'summary': "Manmadhudu 2 ( transl . Cupid 2 ) is a 2019 Telugu-language romantic comedy film produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni , P. Kiran under Annapurna Studios , Anandi Art Creations , Viacom18 Motion Pictures banners and directed by Rahul Ravindran . It stars Nagarjuna Akkineni and Rakul Preet Singh in the lead roles and music composed by Chaithan Bharadwaj . The film is an official remake of a French movie I Do ( 2006 ) of Alain Chabat and is a sequel to Nagarjuna 's Manmadhudu ( 2002 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Rahul Ravindran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rahul_Ravindran', 'summary': 'Rahul Ravindran is an Indian film actor and director who has appeared in Telugu , Tamil and English language films . He made his debut in the Tamil film Moscowin Kavery ( 2010 ) , before playing leading roles as a man with cerebral palsy in Vinmeengal and as a mechanic in Soorya Nagaram . He has since gone on to make a career as a leading actor in the Telugu film industry . He made his debut as a director with a Telugu film Chi La Sow ( 2018 ) for which he won the National Award for Best Original Screenplay .'}]}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nagarjuna Rakul Preet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rakul_Preet_Singh', 'summary': "Rakul Preet Singh ( born 10 October 1990 ) is an Indian film actress and model who predominantly works in the Telugu and Tamil film industries . She has also appeared in a number of Hindi and Kannada movies . Currently , she is appointed as the brand ambassador for Beti Bachao , Beti Padhao programme by Telangana State Government . She started career as a model while in college , during which she also made her acting debut in the Kannada film Gilli ( 2009 ) . In 2011 she participated in the Femina Miss India pageant , in which she was placed fifth and won five pageant titles including People 's Choice Miss Indiatimes , Pantaloons Femina Miss Fresh Face , Femina Miss Talented , Femina Miss Beautiful Smile and Femina Miss Beautiful Eyes . She subsequently opted to become a full-time actress , making her Telugu debut in Keratam the same year and her Tamil debut in Thadaiyara Thaakka , the following year . In 2014 she also made her Bollywood debut in Yaariyan in which her performance was better received . She was part of the commercially successful films like Venkatadri Express ( 2013 ) , Current Theega ( 2014 ) , Rough ( 2014 ) , Loukyam ( 2014 ) , Kick 2 ( 2015 ) , Sarrainodu ( 2016 ) , Nannaku Prematho ( 2016 ) , Dhruva ( 2016 ) , Spyder ( 2017 ) and Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru ( 2017 ) and established herself as the leading actress in Telugu Cinema ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rangula Ratnam', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sree Ranjani', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raj Tharun Chitra Shukla', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hello_(2017_film)', 'summary': 'Hello ! is a 2017 Indian Telugu-language romantic action thriller film , produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni under his Annapurna Studios banner , and written and directed by Vikram K Kumar . The film lead rolls star Akhil Akkineni and Kalyani Priyadarshan . The music is composed by Anup Rubens . The film was released on 22 December 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vikram Kumar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vikram_Kumar', 'summary': 'Vikram K. Kumar is an Indian film director , and screenwriter known for his works in Telugu cinema , and Tamil cinema . In 1998 , he directed his breakthrough non-feature film , Silent Scream , for which he won the National Film Award For Best Instructional Film . He made his directorial debut in Telugu cinema with Ishtam , and then directed the Hindi-Tamil bilingual13B . In 2014 , he scripted and directed Manam which was screened at the 45th International Film Festival of India in the Homage to Akkineni Nageswara Rao section on 29 November 2014 . The film garnered the Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu . He then directed the box-office hits such as the science-fiction 24 ( 2016 ) , which won two awards at the 64th National Film Awards , and the comedy-thriller Gang Leader ( 2019 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Akhil Akkineni Kalyani Priyadarshan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akhil_Akkineni', 'summary': 'Akhil Akkineni ( born 8 April 1994 ) is an Indian actor who works in Telugu cinema . He is the son of actors Akkineni Nagarjuna and Amala , the grandson of actor Nageswara Rao , and half-brother of Akkineni Naga Chaitanya . His sister-in-law Samantha Akkineni is also an actor . Akhil pursued acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute before making his debut in films in 2014 through a cameo in Manam . His first film in a lead role came in Akhil ( 2015 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kalyani_Priyadarshan', 'summary': "Kalyani Priyadarshan is an Indian film actress who appears in the Malayalam , Telugu and Tamil films . After taking bachelor 's degree in architecture designing from Parsons School of Design , New York City , she worked as an assistant in the production design of Krrish 3 ( 2013 ) and Iru Mugan ( 2016 ) . She made her acting debut in the 2017 Telugu film Hello for which she won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut - South and 7th South Indian International Movie Awards ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ra Randoi Veduka Chudham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ra_Randoi_Veduka_Chudham', 'summary': "Rarandoi Veduka Chudham ( transl . Come , let 's watch the celebrations ) is a 2017 Telugu language romantic comedy film , produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni on Annapurna Studios banner and directed by Kalyan Krishna Kurasala . It stars Naga Chaitanya , Rakul Preet Singh , Jagapathi Babu and Sampath Raj in the lead roles and music composed by Devi Sri Prasad ."}]}, {'value': 'Kalyan Krishna', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akkineni Naga Chaitanya Rakul Preet Singh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naga_Chaitanya', 'summary': "Naga Chaitanya Akkineni is an Indian film actor known for his work in Telugu cinema . He debuted in the 2009 film Josh , directed by newcomer Vasu Varma and produced by Dil Raju . Prior to the release of his first film , he signed his second film with Indira Productions , directed by Gautham Menon . This film Ye Maaya Chesave co-starring Samantha Ruth Prabhu released in 2010 , and was a critical and commercial success . His next film Sukumar 's 100% Love , co-starring Tamannaah was a super success . This was soon followed by the flop Dhada , co-starring Kajal Aggarwal and Bejawada . Chaitanya also appeared in the movie Autonagar Surya . 2014 saw him in the Manam . In 2016 , he starred in two films , the romance drama Premam , co-starring Shruti Haasan , and the thriller Sahasam Swasaga Sagipo . In 2017 , he starred in Rarandoi Veduka Chudham , which became his highest grosser of the year . In 2019 , he starred in the romantic drama Majili alongside his wife Samantha Akkineni ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rakul_Preet_Singh', 'summary': "Rakul Preet Singh ( born 10 October 1990 ) is an Indian film actress and model who predominantly works in the Telugu and Tamil film industries . She has also appeared in a number of Hindi and Kannada movies . Currently , she is appointed as the brand ambassador for Beti Bachao , Beti Padhao programme by Telangana State Government . She started career as a model while in college , during which she also made her acting debut in the Kannada film Gilli ( 2009 ) . In 2011 she participated in the Femina Miss India pageant , in which she was placed fifth and won five pageant titles including People 's Choice Miss Indiatimes , Pantaloons Femina Miss Fresh Face , Femina Miss Talented , Femina Miss Beautiful Smile and Femina Miss Beautiful Eyes . She subsequently opted to become a full-time actress , making her Telugu debut in Keratam the same year and her Tamil debut in Thadaiyara Thaakka , the following year . In 2014 she also made her Bollywood debut in Yaariyan in which her performance was better received . She was part of the commercially successful films like Venkatadri Express ( 2013 ) , Current Theega ( 2014 ) , Rough ( 2014 ) , Loukyam ( 2014 ) , Kick 2 ( 2015 ) , Sarrainodu ( 2016 ) , Nannaku Prematho ( 2016 ) , Dhruva ( 2016 ) , Spyder ( 2017 ) and Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru ( 2017 ) and established herself as the leading actress in Telugu Cinema ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nirmala Convent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nirmala_Convent', 'summary': "Nirmala Convent is a 2016 Telugu romance film , produced jointly by Nagarjuna Akkineni , Nimmagadda Prasad on Annapurna Studios & Matrix Team Works banner and directed by G. Naga Koteswara Rao . Starring Roshan Meka , Shriya Sharma in the lead roles , Nagarjuna Akkineni in a crucial important role and music composed by Roshan Saluri . The film is the lead debut to Roshan Meka , son of Telugu cinema hero Srikanth and actress Ooha , after Rudhramadevi in which he played as child artist . Shriya Sharma who has acted as child artist in few Telugu films is the lead actress . Roshan Saluri son of famous Telugu music director Koti and grandson of legendary music director Sri Saluri Rajeswara Rao , introduced as the music director . A. R. Rahman 's son Master A. R. Ameen has debuted as a singer in Telugu with this movie . It even marks the debut of actor Rajiv Kanakala and anchor Suma 's son Roshan Kanakala and also to television actor Prabhakar 's son Chandrahas as co-artists . Nagarjuna has crooned a special song in this film with his own voice after 17 years . He previously sang for the movie Seetharama Raju ( 1999 ) . The film borrows shades of Slumdog Millionaire ( 2009 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'G. Naga Koteswara Rao', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nagarjuna Roshan Meka Shriya Sharma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shriya_Sharma', 'summary': 'Shriya Sharma is an Indian film actress and model who appears mainly in Telugu Films'}]}, {'value': 'Co-produced with Nimmagadda Prasad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nimmagadda_Prasad', 'summary': "Nimmagadda Prasad ( born 11 October 1961 ) is an Indian industrialist from Andhra Pradesh , India , known for his ventures in the Pharmaceutical and Television industries , and is involved in philanthropic activities through Nimmagadda Foundation . With master 's degrees in Physics and Business Administration , Prasad made a humble beginning as a company executive . With over 15 years of professional experience in multinational pharmaceutical environment , Prasad turned entrepreneur in the year 2000 by acquiring a sick pharmaceutical company in Hyderabad , and made it a great turnaround company , Matrix Laboratories Limited . With good product innovation , manufacturing scale , leadership , global marketing footprint and M & A Strategy , Prasad steered Matrix Laboratories as one of the major pharmaceutical companies in India . In a span of 6 years , Prasad built Matrix to a US $ 1.03 Billion value enterprise before it was acquired by US-based Mylan Inc. in 2006 . Prasad has played a vital role in establishing Care Hospitals and Asian Institute of Gastroenterology ( AIG ) , two leading healthcare centres started in Hyderabad . He served as a board member and was also an investor with both . Prasad continued his entrepreneurial journey by acquiring Maa TV in 2006 and made it a leading Telugu General Entertainment Channel network . The revenue of the company has grown to Rs.350 Crores in 7 years . In the year 2015 , Maa TV was acquired by Star TV , a wholly owned subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch-owned 21st Century Fox for a consideration of about Rs . 2,300 Crore . In 2008 , Prasad joined as a local partner with the Government of Ras al-Khaimah for the implementing of a mega infrastructure project under the umbrella of VANPIC for the development of a world-class port-based integrated industrial corridor in the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soggade Chinni Nayana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soggade_Chinni_Nayana', 'summary': "Soggade Chinni Nayana ( English : The Young Man is a Charmer ) is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language supernatural drama film directed by Kalyan Krishna Kurasala . In addition to producing the film under his Annapurna Studios banner , Akkineni Nagarjuna played dual roles . Ramya Krishna and Lavanya Tripathi were the film 's female leads . Nassar , Pithamagan Mahadevan , Sampath Raj and Brahmanandam played key supporting roles . Written by Ram Mohan P , Soggade Chinni Nayana revolves around the soul of Bangarraju , a flirtatious zamindar whom Yama ( the god of the underworld ) sends back to earth to reconcile his son ( Ram Ramu Mohan ) and his wife Seetha ; they are on the brink of divorce . In the process , he learns about his death and its connection with a local Shiva temple . P. S. Vinod and Siddhardh Ramaswami provided the cinematography , and Anup Rubens composed the film 's soundtrack and background score . Prawin Pudi edited the film . Principal photography for the film began on 19 November 2014 after it was launched in Hyderabad , and wrapped on 4 October 2015 . Most of the film was shot in and around Rajahmundry and Mysore . Produced on a budget of ₹150-200 million , Soggade Chinni Nayana was released worldwide on 15 January 2016 during the Makar Sankranti festival season in 390-410 screens . It received positive reviews from critics and was commercially successful , earning ₹750 million globally ."}]}, {'value': 'Kalyan Krishna', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nagarjuna Ramya Krishnan Lavanya Tripathi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ramya_Krishnan', 'summary': "Ramya Krishnan ( born 15 September 1970 ) , is an Indian film actress . She has acted in over 200 films in five languages : Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . Ramya has won four Filmfare Awards , three Nandi Awards and a Tamil Nadu State Film Award . She is credited as Ramya Krishna in the Telugu and Kannada film industries . She is known for playing Neelambari in Padayappa which also won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil . She also won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Telugu for the 2009 dramedy Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam . Ramya 's portrayal of Sivagami Devi in the Baahubali series ( 2015-17 ) received universal acclaim . While Baahubali : The Beginning ( 2015 ) is the sixth highest grossing Indian film , its sequel Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion ( 2017 ) is the second highest grossing Indian film of all time . Her performance in Baahubali : The Beginning also won her the Best Supporting Actress - Telugu at the 2016 Filmfare Awards and Best Supporting Actress at Nandi Awards by Government of Andhra Pradesh ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lavanya_Tripathi', 'summary': 'Lavanya Tripathi ( born 15 December 1990 ) is an Indian model , actress and dancer who predominantly works in Telugu film industry . After working as a model and won the Miss Uttarakhand title in 2006 , she entered the film industry in 2012 , with the Telugu film , Andala Rakshasi .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oka Laila Kosam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oka_Laila_Kosam', 'summary': "Oka Laila Kosam ( transl . For the sake of one Laila ( girl ) ) is a 2014 Telugu language romantic comedy film written and directed by Vijay Kumar Konda . Produced by Nagarjuna on his home banner Annapurna Studios , the film features Naga Chaitanya and Pooja Hegde in the lead roles . Anoop Rubens composed the music for this film while I. Andrew and Praveen Pudi handled the cinematography and editing departments respectively . The film 's talkie part was wrapped up on 20 May 2014 . The film released worldwide on 17 October 2014 . The film declared as a Hit at Box Office ."}]}, {'value': 'Vijay Kumar Konda', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akkineni Naga Chaitanya Pooja Hegde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naga_Chaitanya', 'summary': "Naga Chaitanya Akkineni is an Indian film actor known for his work in Telugu cinema . He debuted in the 2009 film Josh , directed by newcomer Vasu Varma and produced by Dil Raju . Prior to the release of his first film , he signed his second film with Indira Productions , directed by Gautham Menon . This film Ye Maaya Chesave co-starring Samantha Ruth Prabhu released in 2010 , and was a critical and commercial success . His next film Sukumar 's 100% Love , co-starring Tamannaah was a super success . This was soon followed by the flop Dhada , co-starring Kajal Aggarwal and Bejawada . Chaitanya also appeared in the movie Autonagar Surya . 2014 saw him in the Manam . In 2016 , he starred in two films , the romance drama Premam , co-starring Shruti Haasan , and the thriller Sahasam Swasaga Sagipo . In 2017 , he starred in Rarandoi Veduka Chudham , which became his highest grosser of the year . In 2019 , he starred in the romantic drama Majili alongside his wife Samantha Akkineni ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pooja_Hegde', 'summary': "Pooja Hegde is an Indian model and film actress who appears mainly in Telugu and Hindi films . A former beauty pageant contestant , she was crowned as the second runner-up at the Miss Universe India 2010 competition , before going on to make her acting debut in Mysskin 's Tamil superhero film Mugamoodi ( 2012 ) . She then featured in the Telugu films Oka Laila Kosam and Mukunda ( 2014 ) , while signing on to feature as the lead actress in Ashutosh Gowariker 's Mohenjo Daro ( 2016 ) along with Hrithik Roshan.She is one of the hottest actresses of Tollywood"}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manam_(film)', 'summary': "Manam ( English : Us ) is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language fantasy-drama film , written and directed by Vikram Kumar and produced by the Akkineni Family under the Annapurna Studios banner . Akkineni Nagarjuna appears alongside Akkineni Nageswara Rao , Naga Chaitanya , Shriya Saran and Samantha Ruth Prabhu . Amala and Nagarjuna 's younger son Akhil Akkineni made cameo appearances along with other personalities marking their debuts in Telugu cinema . The film is set in various time periods , over the course of a hundred years up until 2013 , and deals with the concepts of rebirth and eternal love . The plot features a wealthy businessman , Nageswara Rao , attempting to bring a young couple together resembling his deceased parents and the elderly Chaitanya 's attempts to bring the businessman and a doctor together . They resemble Chaitanya 's deceased parents who died because of a mistake committed by him in his childhood . The film was made with a budget of ₹280 million . Harsha Vardhan wrote the film 's dialogues , while Anup Rubens composed the film 's music . P. S. Vinod handled the film 's cinematography . Production began on 3 June 2013 . Principal photography began on 7 June 2013 and was shot in and around Hyderabad , Coorg and Mysore till mid April 2014 . Manam was the last film of Nageswara Rao , who died on 22 January 2014 during the film 's production phase ."}]}, {'value': 'Vikram Kumar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vikram_Kumar', 'summary': 'Vikram K. Kumar is an Indian film director , and screenwriter known for his works in Telugu cinema , and Tamil cinema . In 1998 , he directed his breakthrough non-feature film , Silent Scream , for which he won the National Film Award For Best Instructional Film . He made his directorial debut in Telugu cinema with Ishtam , and then directed the Hindi-Tamil bilingual13B . In 2014 , he scripted and directed Manam which was screened at the 45th International Film Festival of India in the Homage to Akkineni Nageswara Rao section on 29 November 2014 . The film garnered the Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu . He then directed the box-office hits such as the science-fiction 24 ( 2016 ) , which won two awards at the 64th National Film Awards , and the comedy-thriller Gang Leader ( 2019 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nageswara Rao Akkineni Nagarjuna Akkineni Naga Chaitanya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nageswara_Rao', 'summary': 'Akkineni Nageswara Rao ( 20 September 1924 - 22 January 2014 ) , widely known as ANR , was an Indian film actor and producer , known for his work predominantly in Telugu cinema . He starred in many landmark films in his seventy five-year career , becoming one of the most prominent figures in the history of Indian cinema . He is considered one of the greatest and most successful actors of Indian cinema and one of the two pillars of Telugu Cinema , along with N.T.Rama Rao . He was one of the instrumental figures in moving the Telugu cinema industry from Madras to Hyderabad in the early 1960s . He established Annapurna Studios in 1975 to provide infrastructural support to the Telugu film industry in Hyderabad . He later started the Annapurna International School of Film and Media within Annapurna Studios in 2011 . ANR is known for his path-breaking work in biographical films ; He essayed the Tamil saint Thondaradippodi Alvar in the 1954 film Vipra Narayana ; Tenali Rama in the 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna , which received the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film ; Kalidas ( the Sanskrit poet of Ujjain ) in the 1960 film Mahakavi Kalidasu ; the 12th Century Sanskrit poet Jayadeva of Odisha in the 1961 film Bhakta Jayadeva ; the Kannada sculptor Amarashilpi Jakanachari in the 1964 film Amara Shilpi Jakkanna ; the Marathi saint Tukaram in the 1971 film Bhakta Tukaram ; Kabir in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu ; Valmiki in the 2009 film Sri Rama Rajyam . Similarly , Rao played many famous mythological figures such as Lord Vishnu in Chenchu Lakshmi ; Narada in Bhookailas and Arjuna in Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu . ANR is also remembered for his performances in romantic dramas Laila Majnu ( 1949 ) , Devadasu ( 1953 ) , Anarkali ( 1955 ) , Batasari ( 1961 ) , Mooga Manasulu ( 1964 ) , Prem Nagar ( 1971 ) , Premabhishekam ( 1981 ) and Meghasandesham ( 1982 ) , which was featured at the 9th International Film Festival of India , the 1983 Cannes Film Festival and the Moscow film festival . ANR also starred in the blockbusters Ardhangi ( 1955 ) , Donga Ramudu ( 1955 ) , Mangalya Balam ( 1958 ) , Gundamma Katha ( 1962 ) , Doctor Chakravarty ( 1964 ) , Dharma Daata ( 1970 ) and Dussehra Bullodu ( 1971 ) . ANR received seven state Nandi Awards , and five Filmfare Awards South . He is a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award , the highest Indian award in the field of cinema .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Naga_Chaitanya', 'summary': "Naga Chaitanya Akkineni is an Indian film actor known for his work in Telugu cinema . He debuted in the 2009 film Josh , directed by newcomer Vasu Varma and produced by Dil Raju . Prior to the release of his first film , he signed his second film with Indira Productions , directed by Gautham Menon . This film Ye Maaya Chesave co-starring Samantha Ruth Prabhu released in 2010 , and was a critical and commercial success . His next film Sukumar 's 100% Love , co-starring Tamannaah was a super success . This was soon followed by the flop Dhada , co-starring Kajal Aggarwal and Bejawada . Chaitanya also appeared in the movie Autonagar Surya . 2014 saw him in the Manam . In 2016 , he starred in two films , the romance drama Premam , co-starring Shruti Haasan , and the thriller Sahasam Swasaga Sagipo . In 2017 , he starred in Rarandoi Veduka Chudham , which became his highest grosser of the year . In 2019 , he starred in the romantic drama Majili alongside his wife Samantha Akkineni ."}]}, {'value': 'First time starring three generations of heroes acting together . One of the Biggest Hit in TFI . Got rave reviews from Critics and Audience', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bhai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhai_(2013_film)', 'summary': 'Bhai ( English : Brother ) is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film , produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni on Annapurna Studios and directed by Veerabhadram Chowdary in association with Reliance Entertainment . Starring Nagarjuna Akkineni , Richa Gangopadhyay in lead roles and music composed by Devi Sri Prasad The Hindi-dubbed version titled Bhai : Mera Big Brother premiered on Zee Cinema on 23 October 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Veerabhadram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veerabhadram_Chowdary', 'summary': 'Veerabhadram Chowdary is an Indian film director known for his works in Telugu cinema . He made his directorial debut in 2011 through Aha Naa Pellanta .'}]}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nagarjuna Richa Gangopadhyay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Richa_Gangopadhyay', 'summary': 'Richa Gangopadhyay ( born Antara Gangopadhyay ) is an Indian film actress and model who predominantly appeared in Telugu films . She has also appeared in a few Tamil and Bengali films . She completed an MBA degree from Washington University in St. Louis in May 2017 . After appearing in commercials , she made her film debut with the Telugu political drama film Leader ( 2010 ) and later worked on several commercially successful Telugu films such as Nagavalli ( 2010 ) , Mirapakaay ( 2011 ) , Sarocharu ( 2012 ) and Mirchi ( 2013 ) . She also played the lead in two Tamil films , including the Dabangg remake , Osthe ( 2012 ) and the critically acclaimed film Mayakkam Enna ( 2012 ) , directed by Selvaraghavan , for which she received numerous Best Actress awards . She also appeared in the Bengali film Bikram Singha . In October 2013 , Gangopadhyay announced that she would leave the film industry and move back to the United States to pursue her MBA and focus on her long-term career ambitions . In a short span of four years , she starred along with prominent Telugu , Tamil and Bengali actors such as Venkatesh , Nagarjuna , Ravi Teja , Prabhas , Dhanush , Prosenjit and Silambarasan'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rajanna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajanna', 'summary': 'Rajanna is a 2011 Indian Telugu-language period action film written and directed by V. Vijayendra Prasad . The film is produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni , and starred Nagarjuna Akkineni , Sneha and child artist Baby Annie . The film is partially inspired by Razakars movement , and freedom fighter Suddala Hanmanthu . Rajanna was released to positive reviews and critical acclaim , with soundtrack composed by M. M. Keeravani . The film recorded as Above Average at the box office . The film has won six state Nandi Awards , including the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film - Silver .'}]}, {'value': 'K. V. Vijayendra Prasad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._V._Vijayendra_Prasad', 'summary': 'Koduri Viswa Vijayendra Prasad ( born 27 May 1942 ) is an Indian film screen writer and director known for his works in Telugu cinema and Bollywood . In 2011 , he directed the Telugu Cinema Rajanna , which won the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film . Since 1988 , he was the screenwriter for more than twenty five films , most of which turned out to be blockbusters . His recent works include Mersal , Baahubali : The Beginning and Bajrangi Bhaijaan , which became the biggest blockbusters of the year , for which Prasad won the Filmfare Award for Best Story .'}]}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nagarjuna Sneha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sneha_(actress)', 'summary': "Suhasini Rajaram , known by her stage name , Sneha ( born 12 October 1981 ) , is an Indian film actress , who works in the South Indian film industry . She debuted in the Malayalam film Ingane Oru Nilapakshi ( 2000 ) , directed by Anil - Babu and was later signed for the Tamil film Virumbugiren , though it was only released two years later . She started getting offers in Tamil and moved her focus to Kollywood ; and the movie Ennavale , where she starred opposite R. Madhavan , was released first in the same year . She had her first commercial success with Aanandham in the year 2001 . She became one of Tamil cinema 's contemporary lead actresses in the 2000s , following appearances in several commercially successful films . She debuted in Telugu in the year 2001 with the film Priyamaina Neeku , which was a commercial success . Following this , she appeared in some Tollywood films . She also appeared in Malayalam films such as Thuruppu Gulan , Shikkar , The Hunt , Pramaani , and The Great Father . She has also appeared in a few Kannada language films . She has won a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Tamil for her performance in Unnai Ninaithu ( Autograph ) ( 2002 ) , Vijay Award for Best Actress , Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress twice , in 2001 for her performances in the films Virumbugiren , Aanandham and Punnagai Desam ; and later for Pirivom Santhippom ( 2008 ) . She has also won Nandi Special Jury Award for her performance in the movie Radha Gopalam ."}]}, {'value': 'Won Nandi Award for Best Feature Film ( Silver ) , Nandi Award for Best Child Actress ( Baby Annie ) , Nandi Award for Best Character Actor ( Gandhi ) , Nandi Award for Best Art Director ( S Ravinder ) , Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer ( Malavika ) , Nandi Special Jury Award ( Nagarjuna )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film', 'summary': 'The list of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Child_Actress', 'summary': 'The Nandi Award for Best Child Actress winners since 1977 :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Character_Actor', 'summary': 'The S. V. Ranga Rao Nandi Award for Best Character Actor winners since 1995 :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Art_Director', 'summary': 'This is a list of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Art Director .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Female_Playback_Singer', 'summary': 'The Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer was commissioned since 1977 . As of now S Janaki has won highest 12 Nandi awards , 10 for movie songs and 2 for television serial songs followed by K. S. Chitra 10 for movie songs and 1 for television serial song & P. Susheela with 6 wins . K.S.Chithra is the most successful winner , who has a record of winning Nandi awards for 4 times continuosly in a row from 1990-1993 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Special_Jury_Award', 'summary': 'The Nandi Special Jury Award is given by the state government as part of its annual Nandi Awards for Telugu films since 1981 .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Super', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_(2005_film)', 'summary': 'Super ( Telugu : సూపర్ ) is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language action film produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni on Annapurna Studios banner , written and directed by Puri Jagannadh . Starring Nagarjuna Akkineni , Ayesha Takia , Anushka Shetty and Sonu Sood in lead roles and music composed by Sandeep Chowta . The film was also dubbed into Hindi and was titled Robbery .'}]}, {'value': 'Puri Jagannadh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puri_Jagannadh', 'summary': 'Puri Jagannath ( born 28 September 1966 ) is an Indian film director , screenwriter and producer , who works primarily in the Telugu cinema . He is known as the Dynamic Director in Telugu film industry for his characterizations and style of film making . He made his debut with the 2000 blockbuster film Badri starring Pawan Kalyan , Renu Desai and Ameesha Patel . In 2006 , he directed Pokiri , premiered at the 7th IIFA Film Festival held in Dubai . The film was later re-made into several Indian Languages , and catapulted Puri to national recognition . He made his Bollywood debut in 2004 , with the film Shart : The Challenge . In 2011 , he directed Bbuddah . Hoga Terra Baap , which was archived in the Oscar library . He produces films under his production companies , Puri Jagannadh Touring Talkies and Vaishno Academy . He also owns a music company called as Puri Sangeet . Other box office hits that he directed include , Badri , Itlu Sravani Subramanyam , Appu , Idiot , Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi , Sivamani , Bujjigadu , Pokiri , Desamuduru , Neninthe , Golimaar , Businessman , Iddarammayilatho , Heart Attack and Temper .'}]}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nagarjuna Ayesha Takia Sonu Sood Anushka Shetty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ayesha_Takia', 'summary': 'Ayesha Takia ( born 10 April 1986 ) is an Indian film actress who appeared in Bollywood films . She made her film debut in Taarzan : The Wonder Car for which she won the Filmfare Best Debut Award in 2004 . Her notable films also include Socha Na Tha ( 2005 ) , Dor ( 2006 ) , for which she won the Screen Award for Best Actress ( Critics ) , and Wanted ( 2009 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sonu_Sood', 'summary': 'Sonu Sood ( born 30 July 1973 ) is an Indian film actor , model , and producer who acts predominantly in Hindi , Telugu , Tamil , Kannada and Punjabi films . In 2009 , he received the Andhra Pradesh State Nandi Award for Best Villain and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor - Telugu for his work in the Telugu blockbuster Arundhati . In 2010 , he garnered the Apsara Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role and the IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role for the Bollywood blockbuster Dabangg . In 2012 , he received the SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role for Julayi . He is best known for roles in blockbuster films such as Yuva ( 2004 ) , Athadu ( 2005 ) , Aashiq Banaya Aapne ( 2005 ) , Jodhaa Akbar ( 2008 ) , Dabangg ( 2010 ) , Dookudu ( 2011 ) , Shootout at Wadala ( 2013 ) , Happy New Year ( 2014 ) , Kung Fu Yoga ( 2017 ) and Simmba ( 2018 ) . He also appeared in commercials for Apollo Tyres and Airtel . In July 2016 , he established the production house Shakti Sagar Productions , which is named after his father , Shakti Sagar Sood .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anushka_Shetty', 'summary': "Sweety Shetty ( born 7 November 1981 ) , known by her stage name Anushka Shetty , is an Indian actress and model who predominantly works in the Telugu and Tamil film industries . She has received several accolades , including three CineMAA Awards , a Nandi Award , TN State Film Awards and three Filmfare Awards from eight nominations . Anushka is one of the highest paid actresses of India and is popularly referred as Lady Superstar of south Indian cinema . She made her acting debut with the 2005 Telugu film Super , which garnered her a Filmfare Best Supporting Actress - Telugu nomination . The following year , she starred in S. S. Rajamouli 's Vikramarkudu , which went to become a major commercial success . Her further releases Lakshyam ( 2007 ) and Souryam ( 2008 ) , and Chintakayala Ravi ( 2008 ) were also box office successes . In 2009 , Shetty played dual roles in the dark fantasy Arundhati , which garnered her critical acclaim and several awards , including her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Telugu , Nandi Award , Cinemaa Award for Best Actress . The following year , Shetty 's portrayal of a prostitute in the acclaimed drama Vedam won her a second consecutive Best Actress Award from Filmfare and CineMaa Award . Following the success of a series of films , she established herself as one of the leading actresses of Telugu cinema . In the 2010s , Shetty also achieved success in Tamil cinema with starring roles in the action films such as Vettaikaran ( 2009 ) , Singam ( 2010 ) , Singam II ( 2013 ) , Yennai Arindhaal ( 2015 ) , and Si3 ( 2017 ) , all of which were major commercial successes . She continued to draw praise from critics with her leading performances in the dramas Vaanam ( 2011 ) , Deiva Thirumagal ( 2011 ) and Inji Iduppazhagi ( 2015 ) . She portrayed the titular Queen in the 2015 epic historical fiction Rudramadevi , which won her the third Filmfare Award for Best Actress- Telugu ."}]}, {'value': 'Won Filmfare Best Comedian in Telugu ( Ali ) , Nominated for Filmfare Best Film in Telugu , Filmfare Best Director ( Puri Jagannadh ) , Filmfare Best Actor ( Akkineni Nagarjuna ) . Filmfare Best Music Director ( Sandeep Chowta ) , Filmfare Best Actress ( Sandhya )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Telugu_Filmfare_Best_Comedian_Award', 'summary': 'The Telugu Filmfare Best Comedian Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Telugu films . The award was introduced and first given at the 50th South Filmfare Awards in 2003 , with Brahmanandam being the first recipient . This category has been retired from 2005 . Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ali_(actor)', 'summary': 'Habib Hossain ( born 10 October 1968 ) is an Indian actor and TV presenter who works predominantly in Telugu cinema . He acted in more than 1000 films in Telugu , Tamil and Hindi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Film_–_Telugu', 'summary': 'The Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Telugu films . The award was first given in 1964 for films released around 1963 . Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Telugu_Filmfare_Best_Director_Award', 'summary': 'The Filmfare Award for Best Director - Telugu is presented by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Telugu films . The awards were extended to Best Director in 1972 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Puri_Jagannadh', 'summary': 'Puri Jagannath ( born 28 September 1966 ) is an Indian film director , screenwriter and producer , who works primarily in the Telugu cinema . He is known as the Dynamic Director in Telugu film industry for his characterizations and style of film making . He made his debut with the 2000 blockbuster film Badri starring Pawan Kalyan , Renu Desai and Ameesha Patel . In 2006 , he directed Pokiri , premiered at the 7th IIFA Film Festival held in Dubai . The film was later re-made into several Indian Languages , and catapulted Puri to national recognition . He made his Bollywood debut in 2004 , with the film Shart : The Challenge . In 2011 , he directed Bbuddah . Hoga Terra Baap , which was archived in the Oscar library . He produces films under his production companies , Puri Jagannadh Touring Talkies and Vaishno Academy . He also owns a music company called as Puri Sangeet . Other box office hits that he directed include , Badri , Itlu Sravani Subramanyam , Appu , Idiot , Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi , Sivamani , Bujjigadu , Pokiri , Desamuduru , Neninthe , Golimaar , Businessman , Iddarammayilatho , Heart Attack and Temper .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Telugu_Filmfare_Best_Actor_Award', 'summary': 'The Filmfare Best Actor Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Telugu films . The awards were extended to Best Actor in 1972 . The year indicates the year of release of the film .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Telugu_Filmfare_Best_Music_Director_Award', 'summary': 'The Telugu Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Telugu films . Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sandeep_Chowta', 'summary': "Sandeep Chowta is an Indian music director who primarily works in Bollywood and Telugu cinema . He is also the head of Columbia Records in India . He has also sung some of his songs . In 2003 , he produced an anti substance abuse documentary , titled Dead End , which entered into numerous film festivals . This was produced by seventeen-year-old college student and drug activist , Tanya Khubchandani . In 2004 Chowta invited Jay Oliver and Richard Gannaway of the world/new age musical group , AO Music ( also known as AO ) , to his Mumbai studio , and has since become one of the group 's core members . AO Music also features Miriam Stockley , the voice of Karl Jenkins ' Adiemus project , and children 's choral ensembles from around the globe . AO Music album releases crediting Chowta have charted in the top five internationally since 2009 . When it comes to Tollywood , he composed music for 10 films of which Akkineni Nagarjuna is associated with 5 films in some or the other way and Mohan Babu has been involved with remaining 5 films ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Telugu_Filmfare_Best_Actress_Award', 'summary': 'The Filmfare Best Actress Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Telugu films . The awards were extended to Best Actress in 1972 . The year indicates the year of release of the film .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mass_(film)', 'summary': 'Mass ( Telugu : మాస్ ) is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language action film produced by Akkineni Nagarjuna on his home production Annapurna Studios banner , written and directed by debutant Raghava Lawrence . It stars Nagarjuna Akkineni and Jyothika in the lead roles , with the music composed by Devi Sri Prasad . The film released on 23 December 2004 . It was later dubbed into Tamil under the title Veeran and in Hindi as Meri Jung : One Man Army in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Raghava Lawrence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raghava_Lawrence', 'summary': 'Raghava Lawrence is an Indian choreographer who has also appeared in films as an actor , director , composer and playback singer . After making his debut as a choreographer in 1993 , he began looking for acting opportunities . He began his career as an actor in 1998 , in a Telugu film , aged 22 . He adopted the name Raghava in 2001 , and worked for many prominent actors and directors in Tamil cinema throughout his career . He got his breakthrough with Telugu film Style and then Muni . Lawrence is also known for his intricate hip-hop and westernised dance moves and has won four Filmfare Awards and three Nandi Awards for best choreography . In 2015 , after the death of former Indian president A. P. J. Abdul Kalam , Lawrence set up a charity trust in his name and donated ₹10 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nagarjuna Jyothika Charmy Kaur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jyothika', 'summary': 'Jyothika Saravanan ( née Sadanah ; born 18 October 1977 ) is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil films . She also acted in some Telugu , Malayalam , Kannada and Hindi films . She debuted in Bollywood in the Hindi film Doli Saja Ke Rakhna ( 1997 ) , directed by Priyadarshan . She starred in her first Tamil film Vaali ( 1999 ) and her first Telugu film Tagore ( 2003 ) , opposite Chiranjeevi . Jyothika received critical praise for playing a young charming and strong girl in a women-centric thriller Snegithiye ( 2000 ) , a blind woman in Perazhagan ( 2004 ) , Alter-egos Chandramukhi and Ganga in Chandramukhi ( 2005 ) , a strong and bold Characters in June R ( 2006 ) and Vettaiyadu Villaiyadu ( 2007 ) , A mute and deaf girl in Mozhi ( 2007 ) , a negative character in Pachaikili Muthucharam ( 2007 ) , a middle aged woman in 36 Vayadhinile ( 2015 ) , the role of a menacing , short-tempered and a bold cop in Naachiyaar ( 2018 ) and a well-disciplined teacher in Raatchasi ( 2019 ) . However , the turning point of her career came with the success of Vaali ( 1999 ) and Kushi ( 2000 ) . At the peak of her career , she agreed to play the role of an antagonist in Pachaikili Muthucharam ( 2007 ) . She received her first Filmfare Awards for Vaali ( 1999 ) as Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut - South . She was awarded the Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award for Kushi ( 2000 ) . A string of successful films followed and gained prominence for her performances in Kushi ( 2000 ) , Perazhagan ( 2004 ) , Chandramukhi ( 2005 ) , Mozhi , ( 2007 ) , and 36 Vayadhinile ( 2015 ) . Jyothika left the industry at the peak of her career marrying actor Suriya on 11 September 2006 , after being engaged in a relationship for several years , and with whom she was paired in seven films . She won three Filmfare Awards , three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards , Dinakaran Awards , International Tamil Film Awards and other awards and nominations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charmy_Kaur', 'summary': "Charmy Kaur , also spelt as Charmme or Charmi , ( born 17 May 1987 ) is an Indian film producer and former actress . She is well known for her works predominantly in Telugu cinema , as well as few Tamil , Malayalam , Kannada , and Bollywood films . She has appeared in more than forty films . Her most notable works include box office hits , such as Mass ( 2004 ) , Anukokunda Oka Roju ( 2005 ) , Lakshmi ( 2006 ) and Pournami ( 2006 ) , for which her performance as a Kuchipudi dancer received positive reviews . Her next film , Rakhi ( 2006 ) was also a super hit . She then appeared in films such as Mantra ( 2007 ) , for which she bagged the state Nandi Award for Best Actress , the subsequent years , she appeared in Manorama ( 2009 ) , Kavya 's Diary ( 2009 ) , and Mangala ( 2011 ) for which she bagged another state Nandi Special Jury Award , while establishing herself as one of the leading actresses of Telugu cinema . In 2011 , she starred in the Bollywood hit Bbuddah . Hoga Terra Baap alongside Amitabh Bachchan ."}]}, {'value': 'Won CineMAA Award for Best Actor ( Nagarjuna ) , Santosham Best Actress Award ( Jyothika )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CineMAA_Awards', 'summary': 'The CineMAA Awards are presented annually by the MAATV Group to honour artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Telugu Cinema . The awards were introduced in 2004 . The CineMAA Awards are voted for by both the public and a committee of experts as per meritocracy . Each year one Life Time Achievement Award is presented to one of the accomplished veterans from the Industry . The award ceremony is telecasted live over MAA TV from the Hyderabad International Convention Center of the Novotel Group in Hyderabad . In 2013 , Telugu cinema category , for Best Actor and Actress was introduced for the first time .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Santosham_Best_Actress_Award', 'summary': 'The Santosham Best Actress Award is given by the Santosham Film magazine as part of its annual Santosham Film Awards for Telugu films . The award was first given to Asin Thottumkal in 2003 . Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jyothika', 'summary': 'Jyothika Saravanan ( née Sadanah ; born 18 October 1977 ) is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil films . She also acted in some Telugu , Malayalam , Kannada and Hindi films . She debuted in Bollywood in the Hindi film Doli Saja Ke Rakhna ( 1997 ) , directed by Priyadarshan . She starred in her first Tamil film Vaali ( 1999 ) and her first Telugu film Tagore ( 2003 ) , opposite Chiranjeevi . Jyothika received critical praise for playing a young charming and strong girl in a women-centric thriller Snegithiye ( 2000 ) , a blind woman in Perazhagan ( 2004 ) , Alter-egos Chandramukhi and Ganga in Chandramukhi ( 2005 ) , a strong and bold Characters in June R ( 2006 ) and Vettaiyadu Villaiyadu ( 2007 ) , A mute and deaf girl in Mozhi ( 2007 ) , a negative character in Pachaikili Muthucharam ( 2007 ) , a middle aged woman in 36 Vayadhinile ( 2015 ) , the role of a menacing , short-tempered and a bold cop in Naachiyaar ( 2018 ) and a well-disciplined teacher in Raatchasi ( 2019 ) . However , the turning point of her career came with the success of Vaali ( 1999 ) and Kushi ( 2000 ) . At the peak of her career , she agreed to play the role of an antagonist in Pachaikili Muthucharam ( 2007 ) . She received her first Filmfare Awards for Vaali ( 1999 ) as Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut - South . She was awarded the Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award for Kushi ( 2000 ) . A string of successful films followed and gained prominence for her performances in Kushi ( 2000 ) , Perazhagan ( 2004 ) , Chandramukhi ( 2005 ) , Mozhi , ( 2007 ) , and 36 Vayadhinile ( 2015 ) . Jyothika left the industry at the peak of her career marrying actor Suriya on 11 September 2006 , after being engaged in a relationship for several years , and with whom she was paired in seven films . She won three Filmfare Awards , three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards , Dinakaran Awards , International Tamil Film Awards and other awards and nominations .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Satyam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Satyam_(2003_film)', 'summary': "Satyam is a 2003 Telugu romantic drama directed by debutant Surya Kiran . The film stars Sumanth and Genelia D'Souza and was very successful at the box-office . Released in December 2003 , it is one of the biggest hits in Sumanth 's career . It was also Genelia 's debut Telugu film . It was produced by the noted film star and Sumanth 's uncle Akkineni Nagarjuna under the Annapurna Studios banner . Chakri won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer - Telugu . It was remade in Bengali as Shakti"}]}, {'value': 'Surya Kiran', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Sumanth Genelia D'Souza", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sumanth', 'summary': 'Sumanth ( Born Sumanth Kumar ) is an Indian actor/producer known predominantly for his work in Telugu cinema . The eldest grandson of late Akkineni Nageswara Rao , he is also a partner in Annapurna Studios . He is best known for starring in the films , Satyam , Gowri , Godavari , Madhumasam , Golconda High School , and most recently Malli Raava .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Genelia_D'Souza", 'summary': "Genelia Deshmukh ( née D'Souza ; born 5 August 1987 ) is an Indian film actress and model . She has appeared in Telugu , Hindi , Tamil , Kannada and Malayalam films . After gaining wide attention in a Parker Pen commercial with Amitabh Bachchan , Genelia began her acting career with the box-office hit Tujhe Meri Kasam in 2003 . She was recognized for her role in Boys the same year , and later established herself in Telugu cinema by acting in several Telugu films during 2003-2012 . Genelia received her first Filmfare Award in 2006 for her performance in the Telugu romantic film , Bommarillu , which earned her critical acclaim . In 2008 , she gave critically acclaimed performances in Santosh Subramaniam , a Tamil remake of Bommarillu , and the Bollywood movie Jaane Tu . Ya Jaane Na . Having acted in several commercially successful movies in Telugu and Tamil , Genelia has established herself as one of the leading actresses of the South Indian film industry . In addition to mainstream acting , Genelia has hosted the television show Big Switch , and has been the brand ambassador of Fanta , Virgin Mobile India , Fastrack , LG Mobiles , Garnier Light , Margo , and Perk in India ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manmadhudu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manmadhudu', 'summary': "Manmadhudu ( English : Cupid ) is a 2002 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film , directed by K. Vijaya Bhaskar , and story by Trivikram Srinivas . Produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni on Annapurna Studios , the film starred Nagarjuna Akkineni , Sonali Bendre , Anshu in the lead roles and has a highly successful soundtrack composed by Devi Sri Prasad . The story and dialogues for the film were written by acclaimed writer Trivikram Srinivas . The film was released on 20 December 2002 to highly positive reviews and further went on to become one of the biggest hits in Nagarjuna 's career . The film recorded as Blockbuster at box office . The film was later remade as Aishwarya in Kannada , marking the debut of Deepika Padukone and also remade in Bengali as Priyotoma ."}]}, {'value': 'K. Vijaya Bhaskar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._Vijaya_Bhaskar', 'summary': 'K. Vijaya Bhaskar is a top film director in the Telugu film industry . Most of the films he directed were blockbusters and he is a national award winner He is alumnus of Sainik School , Korukonda .'}]}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nagarjuna Sonali Bendre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nagarjuna', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sonali_Bendre', 'summary': 'Sonali Bendre ( born 1 January 1975 ) is an Indian film actress who has primarily worked in Hindi films and has won a Filmfare Award .'}]}, {'value': 'Won Nandi Award for Best Feature Film ( Gold )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film', 'summary': 'The list of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film :'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prema Katha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prema_Katha', 'summary': 'Prema Katha ( English : Love Story ) is a 1999 Telugu romantic tragedy film written by Vara Prasad Varma and directed by Ram Gopal Varma . It is the debut film of both Sumanth and Antara Mali . The film opened to positive reviews by critics and it had an average run at the box office and a highly praised soundtrack including the song Devudu karunistadani . The film bagged four state Nandi Awards . The film was dubbed in Tamil as Kadhal Vanile .'}]}, {'value': 'Ram Gopal Varma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ram_Gopal_Varma', 'summary': "Ram Gopal Varma is an Indian film director , screenwriter and producer , known for his works in Telugu cinema , Bollywood , and television . Varma directed films across multiple genres , including parallel cinema and docudrama noted for their gritty realism , technical finesse , and craft . Regarded as one of the pioneers of new age Indian cinema , Varma garnered the National Film Award for scripting the political crime drama , Shool ( 1999 ) . In 2004 , he was featured in the BBC World series Bollywood Bosses . In 2006 , Grady Hendrix of Film Comment , published by the Film Society of Lincoln Center cited Varma as Bombays Most Successful Maverick for his works on experimental films . Varma is known for presenting the Indian Political Trilogy , and the Indian Gangster Trilogy ; film critic Rajeev Masand had labeled the series as one of the most influential movies of Hindi cinema . The first installment of the trilogy , Satya , was also listed in CNN-IBN 's 100 greatest Indian films of all time . Varma 's recent avant-garde works include hits such as the dramatized re-enactment of Rayalaseema factionism in Rakta Charitra ( 2010 ) , the 2008 Mumbai attacks in The Attacks of 26/11 ( 2013 ) , the Operation Cocoon in Killing Veerappan ( 2016 ) , and the Vijayawada riots in Vangaveeti ( 2016 ) . Starting his career as a civil engineer , he made an entry into Telugu cinema with the path-breaking crime thriller , Siva ( 1989 ) screened at the 13th International Film Festival of India , and has garnered Varma , the state Nandi Awards for Best direction , Best first film of a director , and the Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu . Subsequently , the film was included in CNN-IBN 's list of 100 greatest Indian films of all time . Varma 's next movie Kshana Kshanam ( 1991 ) was screened at the Ann Arbor Film Festival . The sleeper hit won him another Nandi Award for Best Direction , and the Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer ."}]}, {'value': 'Sumanth Antara Mali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sumanth', 'summary': 'Sumanth ( Born Sumanth Kumar ) is an Indian actor/producer known predominantly for his work in Telugu cinema . The eldest grandson of late Akkineni Nageswara Rao , he is also a partner in Annapurna Studios . He is best known for starring in the films , Satyam , Gowri , Godavari , Madhumasam , Golconda High School , and most recently Malli Raava .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Antara_Mali', 'summary': 'Antara Mali ( born 20 October 1975 ) is an Indian actress , director , and screenwriter , who predominantly works in Bollywood films , and has also acted in a Malayalam and Telugu film .'}]}, {'value': 'Won Nandi Award for Best Feature Film ( Bronze ) , Nandi Award for Best Director ( Ram Gopal Varma ) , Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress ( Radhika ) , Nandi Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist ( P.Shankar )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film', 'summary': 'The list of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Director', 'summary': 'The Nandi Award for Best Director the Award was first given in 1981 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ram_Gopal_Varma', 'summary': "Ram Gopal Varma is an Indian film director , screenwriter and producer , known for his works in Telugu cinema , Bollywood , and television . Varma directed films across multiple genres , including parallel cinema and docudrama noted for their gritty realism , technical finesse , and craft . Regarded as one of the pioneers of new age Indian cinema , Varma garnered the National Film Award for scripting the political crime drama , Shool ( 1999 ) . In 2004 , he was featured in the BBC World series Bollywood Bosses . In 2006 , Grady Hendrix of Film Comment , published by the Film Society of Lincoln Center cited Varma as Bombays Most Successful Maverick for his works on experimental films . Varma is known for presenting the Indian Political Trilogy , and the Indian Gangster Trilogy ; film critic Rajeev Masand had labeled the series as one of the most influential movies of Hindi cinema . The first installment of the trilogy , Satya , was also listed in CNN-IBN 's 100 greatest Indian films of all time . Varma 's recent avant-garde works include hits such as the dramatized re-enactment of Rayalaseema factionism in Rakta Charitra ( 2010 ) , the 2008 Mumbai attacks in The Attacks of 26/11 ( 2013 ) , the Operation Cocoon in Killing Veerappan ( 2016 ) , and the Vijayawada riots in Vangaveeti ( 2016 ) . Starting his career as a civil engineer , he made an entry into Telugu cinema with the path-breaking crime thriller , Siva ( 1989 ) screened at the 13th International Film Festival of India , and has garnered Varma , the state Nandi Awards for Best direction , Best first film of a director , and the Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu . Subsequently , the film was included in CNN-IBN 's list of 100 greatest Indian films of all time . Varma 's next movie Kshana Kshanam ( 1991 ) was screened at the Ann Arbor Film Festival . The sleeper hit won him another Nandi Award for Best Direction , and the Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress', 'summary': 'The Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress was institute since 1981 :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Raadhika', 'summary': "Radikaa Sarathkumar is an Indian film and television actress , entrepreneur , and producer who works in the Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Hindi and Kannada film industries . She is the founder and CP of the Radaan Mediaworks India Limited , which has produced serials such as Chitti , Annamalai , Selvi , Arasi , Chellame , Vaani Rani , Thamarai , Idi Katha Kadu ( Telugu ) , and Chithi - 2 . Radikaa has acted in over three hundred films in Tamil , Telugu , Hindi , Malayalam and Kannada . She was a judge on Vijay TV 's Jodi Number One Season 3 . She has also produced a film titled Meendum Oru Kaadhal Kathai , which won the Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director . In April 2019 , Radikaa Sarathkumar narrowly escaped from a bomb explosion on Easter Sunday which happened at Cinnamon Grand Hotel where she was present after wrapping up shooting for a film . In September 2019 , she was awarded as Nadigavel Selvi during audio launch of Market Raja MBBS ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandi_Award_for_Best_Male_Dubbing_Artist', 'summary': 'The Nandi Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist winners since 1997 :'}, {'url': '/wiki/P._Ravi_Shankar', 'summary': 'Pudipeddi Ravi Shankar ( born 28 November 1966 ) also known as Kempegowda Ravi , Armuga Ravishankar , Bommali Ravi Shankar or Sai Ravi is an Indian film actor , dubbing artist , director and writer . He rose to fame with the 2011 blockbuster Kempe Gowda starring Sudeep . He has also acted in a few Telugu and Tamil films . He dubbed for over 2600 films with more than 1000 films each in Telugu and Tamil languages . He dubbed for over 150 Kannada films . He is the brother of actor Saikumar Pudipeddi . He won nine state Nandi Awards for Best Male Dubbing Artist and two Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist . He made his directorial debut with the Kannada film Durgi in 2004 . He also worked as a dialogue writer and penned dialogues for over 75 Telugu films and 150 Tamil films . He also worked as a playback singer for films such as Rakta Charitra and Bejawada . He won his first Filmfare Award for his performance in the film Kempe Gowda that gave him a big break in his acting career .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seetharama Raju', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seetharama_Raju', 'summary': 'Seetharama Raju is a 1999 Telugu Action film , produced jointly by Nagarjuna Akkineni , D. Sivaprasad Reddy under the Great India Enterprises & Kamakshi Movies banner and directed by Y. V. S. Chowdary . It stars Nagarjuna Akkineni , Nandamuri Harikrishna , Sakshi Shivanand , Sanghavi in the lead roles and music composed by M. M. Keeravani . Nagarjuna has for the first time crooned a song with his own voice in this film . The film was dubbed into Hindi as Ek Aur Haqeeqat in 2011 by Goldmines Telefilms and into Tamil as Sathriya Dharmam . The movie was a blockbuster and ran 350 days in the cinema . The movie was heavily hyped the fact to see the sons of NTR and Nageshwar Rao in the same screen .'}]}, {'value': 'YVS Chowdary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/YVS_Chowdary', 'summary': 'Yalamanchili Venkata Satyanarayana Chowdary is an Indian Telugu cinema writer , director , producer , distributor , exhibitor and a music company owner . He made his debut as a director in 1998 with the film Sri Sita Ramula Kalyanam Chootamu Raarandi produced by Akkineni Nagarjuna under Great India Entertainments . He then directed Seetharama Raju starring Nagarjuna and Nandamuri Harikrishna , Yuvaraju starring Mahesh Babu . He then established his own production house Bommarillu Vari and started producing his own directorials with Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo . Later , he directed Seetayya , Devadasu , Okka Magaadu , Saleem , Rey . Among these , Saleem is the only film which is not from his production house . He has directed nine films till date . In 2012 , he produced Nippu starring Ravi Teja under the direction of Gunasekhar . Chowdary says he entered Telugu film industry with inspiration of Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao . He introduced Venkat , Chandini and Chandu with his debut film Sri Sita Ramula Kalyanam Chootamu Raarandi , Aditya Om and Ankitha with Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo , Ram Pothineni and Ileana with Devadasu , Sai Dharam Tej and Saiyami Kher with Rey .'}]}, {'value': 'Nagarjuna Akkineni Nandamuri Harikrishna Sakshi Sivanand Sanghavi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagarjuna_Akkineni', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandamuri_Harikrishna', 'summary': 'Nandamuri Harikrishna ( 2 September 1953 - 29 August 2018 ) was an Indian film actor , producer and politician who was the Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha from Andhra Pradesh . He was known for his works in Telugu cinema . Harikrishna was the fourth son of Telugu matinee idol , and former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh , N. T. Rama Rao . Harikrishna was the father of actors N. T. Rama Rao Jr. , and Nandamuri Kalyan Ram . Harikrishna made his acting debut in 1964 as a child artist in Sri Krishnavataram , in which he played Krishna . It was directed by Kamalakara Kameshwara Rao . He then starred in Thalla ? Pellama ? ( 1970 ) , which was followed by Tatamma Kala ( 1974 ) , Ram Raheem ( 1974 ) and Daana Veera Shura Karna ( 1977 ) . After long years of sabbatical , and political stint he then started as a Character actor in works such as Sri Ramulayya ( 1998 ) , followed by a full length role alongside Nagarjuna in Seetharama Raju ( 1999 ) , Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo ( 2002 ) and Seetayya ( 2003 ) . In 2002 , he received Nandi Award for Best Character Actor for his work in Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo . Harikrishna died in a crash on 29 August 2018 at age 61 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sakshi_Sivanand', 'summary': 'Sakshi Shivanand ( born 15 April 1977 ) is an Indian actress , who has appeared in Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi films . Her most notable work is Aapko Pehle Bhi Kahin Dekha Hai which was directed by Anubhav Sinha and co-starred Priyanshu Chatterjee , Om Puri and Farida Jalal . She has also lent her voice to Cinderella in The Story of Cinderella , a popular animation television series which was telecast in India on Just Kids ! on Sahara TV .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sanghavi', 'summary': 'Sangavi ( born Kavya Ramesh ) is an Indian film actress and former model , known for her works Predominantly in Telugu cinema and Tamil cinema and in few Kannada cinema , Malayalam Cinema and Hindi cinema . In a film career spanning 25 years she was starred in over 80 feature films . 36 movies in Telugu , 35 movies in Tamil , 6 movies in Kannada , 2 movies in Malayalam and 1 movie in Hindi'}]}, {'value': 'Co-produced with D.Siva Prasad Reddy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aaha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaha', 'summary': "Aahaa. ! ( English : Wow. ! ) is a 1998 Telugu romantic film produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni under the Great India Entertainments banner and directed by Suresh Krishna . The film stars Jagapathi Babu , Sanghavi in the lead roles and music composed by Vandemataram Srinivas . The film won a South Filmfare Award and it is a remake of Suresh Krishna 's own Tamil film Aahaa ."}]}, {'value': 'Suresh Krishna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suresh_Krishna_(director)', 'summary': "Suresh Krissna is an Indian film director known for his works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood . His first Tamil film was Sathya ( 1988 ) starring Kamal Haasan . He found success with Kavithalaya 's Annamalai , starring Rajinikanth . Since then , he has directed Veera , Baashha and Baba with Rajinikanth in the lead . He has also worked with leading stars like Mohanlal , Salman Khan , Chiranjeevi , Nagarjuna Akkineni , Venkatesh and Vishnuvardhan . He wrote a book called My Days with Baasha about his experiences working with Rajinikanth . In 1989 he received the Nandi Award for Best Director for Prema ."}]}, {'value': 'Jagapathi Babu Sanghavi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jagapathi_Babu', 'summary': 'Jagapati Babu ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born Veeramachaneni Jagapatirao Chowdary ) is an Indian film actor known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema in addition to a few Tamil and Malayalam films . In a career spanning 31 years , Jagapati Babu has starred in over 120 feature films , and has received 4 Filmfare Awards and 7 state Nandi Awards . He received the Kala Bhushana Award , for his contribution to cinema , by TSR Lalitha kala Parishat . He has worked with noted directors like S.V . Krishna Reddy , Ram Gopal Varma , Krishna Vamsi , E. V. V. Satyanarayana , Guna Sekhar , Chandra Sekhar Yeleti , A. M. Rathnam , K. Raghavendra Rao , Radha Mohan , M. Raja , and J. D. Chakravarthy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sanghavi', 'summary': 'Sangavi ( born Kavya Ramesh ) is an Indian film actress and former model , known for her works Predominantly in Telugu cinema and Tamil cinema and in few Kannada cinema , Malayalam Cinema and Hindi cinema . In a film career spanning 25 years she was starred in over 80 feature films . 36 movies in Telugu , 35 movies in Tamil , 6 movies in Kannada , 2 movies in Malayalam and 1 movie in Hindi'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Sita Ramula Kalyanam Chootamu Raarandi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sri_Sita_Ramula_Kalyanam_Chootamu_Raarandi', 'summary': "Sri Sita Ramula Kalyanam Chootamu Raarandi ( English : Come On ! Let 's watch the marriage of Sita & Rama ) is a 1998 Telugu romance film , produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni under the Great India Enterprises banner and directed by Y. V. S. Chowdary . It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao , Venkat , Chandni in the lead roles and music composed by M. M. Keeravani . The film recorded as Hit at the box office ."}]}, {'value': 'YVS Chowdary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/YVS_Chowdary', 'summary': 'Yalamanchili Venkata Satyanarayana Chowdary is an Indian Telugu cinema writer , director , producer , distributor , exhibitor and a music company owner . He made his debut as a director in 1998 with the film Sri Sita Ramula Kalyanam Chootamu Raarandi produced by Akkineni Nagarjuna under Great India Entertainments . He then directed Seetharama Raju starring Nagarjuna and Nandamuri Harikrishna , Yuvaraju starring Mahesh Babu . He then established his own production house Bommarillu Vari and started producing his own directorials with Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo . Later , he directed Seetayya , Devadasu , Okka Magaadu , Saleem , Rey . Among these , Saleem is the only film which is not from his production house . He has directed nine films till date . In 2012 , he produced Nippu starring Ravi Teja under the direction of Gunasekhar . Chowdary says he entered Telugu film industry with inspiration of Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao . He introduced Venkat , Chandini and Chandu with his debut film Sri Sita Ramula Kalyanam Chootamu Raarandi , Aditya Om and Ankitha with Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo , Ram Pothineni and Ileana with Devadasu , Sai Dharam Tej and Saiyami Kher with Rey .'}]}, {'value': 'Akkineni Nageswara Rao Venkat Chandni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkineni_Nageswara_Rao', 'summary': 'Akkineni Nageswara Rao ( 20 September 1924 - 22 January 2014 ) , widely known as ANR , was an Indian film actor and producer , known for his work predominantly in Telugu cinema . He starred in many landmark films in his seventy five-year career , becoming one of the most prominent figures in the history of Indian cinema . He is considered one of the greatest and most successful actors of Indian cinema and one of the two pillars of Telugu Cinema , along with N.T.Rama Rao . He was one of the instrumental figures in moving the Telugu cinema industry from Madras to Hyderabad in the early 1960s . He established Annapurna Studios in 1975 to provide infrastructural support to the Telugu film industry in Hyderabad . He later started the Annapurna International School of Film and Media within Annapurna Studios in 2011 . ANR is known for his path-breaking work in biographical films ; He essayed the Tamil saint Thondaradippodi Alvar in the 1954 film Vipra Narayana ; Tenali Rama in the 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna , which received the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film ; Kalidas ( the Sanskrit poet of Ujjain ) in the 1960 film Mahakavi Kalidasu ; the 12th Century Sanskrit poet Jayadeva of Odisha in the 1961 film Bhakta Jayadeva ; the Kannada sculptor Amarashilpi Jakanachari in the 1964 film Amara Shilpi Jakkanna ; the Marathi saint Tukaram in the 1971 film Bhakta Tukaram ; Kabir in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu ; Valmiki in the 2009 film Sri Rama Rajyam . Similarly , Rao played many famous mythological figures such as Lord Vishnu in Chenchu Lakshmi ; Narada in Bhookailas and Arjuna in Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu . ANR is also remembered for his performances in romantic dramas Laila Majnu ( 1949 ) , Devadasu ( 1953 ) , Anarkali ( 1955 ) , Batasari ( 1961 ) , Mooga Manasulu ( 1964 ) , Prem Nagar ( 1971 ) , Premabhishekam ( 1981 ) and Meghasandesham ( 1982 ) , which was featured at the 9th International Film Festival of India , the 1983 Cannes Film Festival and the Moscow film festival . ANR also starred in the blockbusters Ardhangi ( 1955 ) , Donga Ramudu ( 1955 ) , Mangalya Balam ( 1958 ) , Gundamma Katha ( 1962 ) , Doctor Chakravarty ( 1964 ) , Dharma Daata ( 1970 ) and Dussehra Bullodu ( 1971 ) . ANR received seven state Nandi Awards , and five Filmfare Awards South . He is a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award , the highest Indian award in the field of cinema .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chandni_(actress)', 'summary': 'Chandni is an Indian actress , who has appeared in Bollywood movies like Sanam Bewafa ( 1991 ) , Aaja Sanam ( 1992 ) , Mr. Azaad ( 1994 ) , Jai Kishen ( 1994 ) , 1942 : A Love Story ( 1994 ) .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chandralekha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chandralekha_(1998_film)', 'summary': 'Chandralekha is a 1998 Telugu film , produced by Akkineni Nagarjuna and V. Ram Prasad under the Great India Enterprises banner and directed by Krishna Vamsi . It stars Nagarjuna Akkineni , Ramya Krishna , Isha Koppikar in the lead roles and music composed by Sandeep Chowtha . This film is a remake of the Mohanlal-starring Malayalam film Chandralekha , directed by Priyadarshan . It is the second combination of Nagarjuna-Vamsi-Chowtha after Ninne Pelladatha . Bollywood actor Sanjay Dutt made a special appearance for the first time in a Telugu film .'}]}, {'value': 'Krishna Vamsi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krishna_Vamsi', 'summary': 'Pasupuleti Krishna Vamsi , known popularly as Krishna Vamsi , is an Indian film director , producer and choreographer known for his work in Telugu cinema . Vamsi made his directorial debut with the 1995 crime film Gulabi , starring J. D. Chakravarthi . He has received two National Film Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and three Nandi Awards . Before his directorial debut with Gulabi , he worked as an assistant director to Ram Gopal Varma . In 1996 , he directed the film Ninne Pelladata , one of the highest grossing Telugu films of the time . He subsequently directed the critically acclaimed crime film , Sindhooram under his production house Andhra Talkies ; both the films won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . In 2002 , he ventured into Bollywood with Shakti : The Power , a remake of his own 1998 Telugu cult classic Antahpuram .'}]}, {'value': 'Nagarjuna Akkineni Ramya Krishna Isha Koppikar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagarjuna_Akkineni', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ramya_Krishna', 'summary': "Ramya Krishnan ( born 15 September 1970 ) , is an Indian film actress . She has acted in over 200 films in five languages : Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . Ramya has won four Filmfare Awards , three Nandi Awards and a Tamil Nadu State Film Award . She is credited as Ramya Krishna in the Telugu and Kannada film industries . She is known for playing Neelambari in Padayappa which also won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil . She also won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Telugu for the 2009 dramedy Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam . Ramya 's portrayal of Sivagami Devi in the Baahubali series ( 2015-17 ) received universal acclaim . While Baahubali : The Beginning ( 2015 ) is the sixth highest grossing Indian film , its sequel Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion ( 2017 ) is the second highest grossing Indian film of all time . Her performance in Baahubali : The Beginning also won her the Best Supporting Actress - Telugu at the 2016 Filmfare Awards and Best Supporting Actress at Nandi Awards by Government of Andhra Pradesh ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Isha_Koppikar', 'summary': 'Isha Koppikar ( born 19 September 1976 ) is an Indian actress , politician and model who has appeared in Hindi , Tamil , Telugu , Kannada , and Marathi films .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-produced with V.Ram Prasad', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ninne Pelladutha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ninne_Pelladutha', 'summary': 'Ninne Pelladata ( English : I will marry only you ) is a 1996 Telugu romantic drama film , produced by Nagarjuna Akkineni under the Annapurna Studios banner and directed by Krishna Vamsi . It stars Nagarjuna Akkineni , Tabu in lead roles and music composed by Sandeep Chowta . The film was recorded as an Industry Hit at the box office . The film was remade in Kannada as Preethsod Thappa , with V. Ravichandran . It was dubbed into Tamil as Unnaiye Kalyanam Pannikiren and in Hindi as Jab Dil Kisi Pe Aata Hai . The blockbuster film has received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for that year .'}]}, {'value': 'Krishna Vamsi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krishna_Vamsi', 'summary': 'Pasupuleti Krishna Vamsi , known popularly as Krishna Vamsi , is an Indian film director , producer and choreographer known for his work in Telugu cinema . Vamsi made his directorial debut with the 1995 crime film Gulabi , starring J. D. Chakravarthi . He has received two National Film Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and three Nandi Awards . Before his directorial debut with Gulabi , he worked as an assistant director to Ram Gopal Varma . In 1996 , he directed the film Ninne Pelladata , one of the highest grossing Telugu films of the time . He subsequently directed the critically acclaimed crime film , Sindhooram under his production house Andhra Talkies ; both the films won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . In 2002 , he ventured into Bollywood with Shakti : The Power , a remake of his own 1998 Telugu cult classic Antahpuram .'}]}, {'value': 'Nagarjuna Akkineni Tabu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagarjuna_Akkineni', 'summary': "Akkineni Nagarjuna ( born 29 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , television presenter , and entrepreneur , primarily known for his works in Telugu language films . He has also worked in some Hindi and Tamil language films . He has received nine state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention . In 1996 , he produced Ninne Pelladata , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Akkineni is also known his works in biographical films , he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in the 1997 film Annamayya , Yavakri ( the son of the ascetic Bharadwaja ) in the 2002 film Agni Varsha , Major Padmapani Acharya , in the 2003 war film LOC Kargil , 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in the 2006 film Sri Ramadasu , Suddala Hanmanthu in the 2011 film Rajanna , Sai Baba of Shirdi in the 2012 film Shirdi Sai , Chandaludu in the 2013 film Jagadguru Adi Sankara , and Hathiram Bhavaji in the 2017 film Om Namo Venkatesaya . In 1989 , he starred in the Mani Ratnam directed romantic drama film Geetanjali , which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . The following year , he acted in Siva , an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma , which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India . In 1990 , he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of Shiva . In 1998 , he received the National Film Award-Special Mention for his performance in the historical film Annamayya . In 2013 , he represented the cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival 's 100 Years of Indian Cinema 's celebration , alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood . In 1995 , he ventured into film production , with a production unit operating in Seychelles , and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation . Akkineni is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tabu_(actress)', 'summary': "Tabassum Fatima Hashmi ( born 4 November 1971 ) , known by the mononym Tabu , is an Indian film actress primarily working in Hindi films , in addition to Telugu , Tamil , Malayalam , English , Bengali and Marathi films . She has won two National Film Awards for Best Actress and six Filmfare Awards , including a record four Critics Awards for Best Actress . In 2011 , the Government of India awarded her with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian honour of the country . Tabu 's critically acclaimed performances include Maachis ( 1996 ) , Kaalapaani ( 1996 ) , Kadhal Desam ( 1996 ) , Virasat ( 1997 ) , Hu Tu Tu ( 1999 ) , Kandukondain Kandukondain ( 2000 ) , Astitva ( 2000 ) , Chandni Bar ( 2001 ) , Maqbool ( 2003 ) , Cheeni Kum ( 2007 ) , Haider ( 2014 ) , Drishyam ( 2015 ) and Andhadhun ( 2018 ) . She has also played leading and supporting roles in several commercial successes , including Coolie No.1 ( 1991 ) , Vijaypath ( 1994 ) , Ninne Pelladata ( 1996 ) , Saajan Chale Sasural ( 1996 ) , Chachi 420 ( 1997 ) , Biwi No.1 ( 1999 ) , Hum Saath-Saath Hain ( 1999 ) , Hera Pheri ( 2000 ) , Jai Ho ( 2014 ) , Golmaal Again ( 2017 ) and De De Pyaar De ( 2019 ) . Her international projects include a leading role in Mira Nair 's drama The Namesake ( 2007 ) and a supporting role in Ang Lee 's highly successful adventure film Life of Pi ( 2012 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film_in_Telugu', 'summary': "The National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals , the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , India . It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal ( Silver Lotus ) . The National Film Awards , established in 1954 , are the most prominent film awards in India that merit the best of the Indian cinema . The ceremony also presents awards for films in various regional languages . Awards for films in seven regional language ( Bengali , Hindi , Kannada , Malayalam , Marathi , Tamil and Telugu ) started from 2nd National Film Awards which were presented on 21 December 1955 . Three awards of President 's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film , Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film and Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film were instituted . The later two certificate awards were discontinued from 15th National Film Awards ( 1967 ) . The 1954 film , directed by Kadri Venkata Reddy , Peddamanushulu was honoured with the first president 's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Telugu . Certificate of Merit for Second and Third Best Feature Films in Telugu were received by Thodu Dongalu and Vipra Narayana respectively ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Film production', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Annapurna_Studios_0', 'intro': "Annapurna Studios is a production house established in 1975 by the late Telugu actor Nageswara Rao Akkineni. This studio was named after his wife Annapurna Akkineni. Located in the heart of Hyderabad city, the 8.9-hectare (22-acre) company mainly produces Telugu films and also provides various production and post-production facilities, including sound stages for set construction, outdoor sets, editing, dubbing and Digital Intermediate suites. In 2011, the Akkineni Family launched a non-profitable educational institute (Annapurna International School of Film and Media). ANR's son, actor Nagarjuna Akkineni serves as a chairman after his fathers demise. The non-profit Annapurna International School of Film and Media is also situated in the premises of Annapurna Studios."} | null | null | The director of a film with a title that in English means , `` I will marry only you '' made his debut with what 1995 crime film ? | Gulabi |
0bd970ffac5a8082 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships', 'title': '1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Gymnast', 'Total'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simona Amânar ( ROU )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simona_Amânar', 'summary': "Simona Amânar ( Romanian pronunciation : [ siˈmona amɨˈnar ] ; born October 7 , 1979 ) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast . She is a seven-time Olympic and ten-time World Championship medalist . Amânar helped Romania win four consecutive world team titles ( 1994-1999 ) , as well as the 2000 Olympic team title . She is also the 2000 Olympic all-around champion . She has a vault named after her , one of the most difficult in women 's gymnastics , and was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': '9.781', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lilia Podkopayeva ( UKR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lilia_Podkopayeva', 'summary': 'Lilia Oleksandrivna Podkopayeva ( Ukrainian : Лілія Олександрівна Подкопаєва ; born August 15 , 1978 ) is a Ukrainian former artistic gymnast . She is the 1995 world all-around champion , and the 1996 Olympic all-around and floor exercise champion . Often thought of as a complete athlete , Podkopayeva was known for combining power , style , and balletic grace .'}]}, {'value': '9.781', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gina Gogean ( ROU )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gina_Gogean', 'summary': 'Gina Elena Gogean ( born 9 September 1978 ) is a retired artistic gymnast from Romania who competed internationally in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s . During her career she won an impressive number of 30 medals at Olympic Games , world championships or continental championships . Her best events were the floor exercise ( three-time world champion ) , the vault ( two-time world champion ) and the balance beam ( 1997 world champion ) . She was also an excellent all around gymnast winning several medals on this event , the European title in 1994 , a silver Olympic medal ( 1996 ) and a silver medal at the 1993 World Championships . She helped the Romanian team win three consecutive world titles ( 1994 , 1995 and 1997 ) and two Olympic team medals , a silver and a bronze ( 1992 and 1996 ) . Gogean was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2013 . Criticized for her lack of artistry and expression , Gogean nonetheless had nearly unmatched consistency , longevity and efficiency that made her a backbone of the Romanian team in the 1990s .'}]}, {'value': '9.706', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mo Huilan ( CHN )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mo_Huilan', 'summary': "Mo Huilan ( simplified Chinese : 莫慧兰 ; traditional Chinese : 莫慧蘭 ; pinyin : Mò Huìlán ; born 1979 in Guilin , Guangxi ) is a retired Chinese gymnast who competed at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta . She was one of China 's most successful gymnasts in the 1990s . She was known for performing routines of exceptional difficulty and technique , but also for inconsistency . Her birth date has been reported in various events as July 19 and November 7 ; it is unclear which is correct . She is a fraternal twin ; her sister Mo Huifang was also a gymnast ."}]}, {'value': '9.643', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Svetlana Khorkina ( RUS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Svetlana_Khorkina', 'summary': 'Svetlana Vasilyevna Khorkina ( Russian : Светлана Васильевна Хоркина ; born 19 January 1979 ) is a retired Russian artistic gymnast . She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics , the 2000 Summer Olympics , and the 2004 Summer Olympics . During her career , Khorkina won seven Olympic medals and twenty World Championship medals . Over time , she medaled in every event at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships . She was also the first gymnast to win three all-around titles at the World Championships and only the second female artistic gymnast ever , after Nadia Comăneci , to win three European All-Around titles . Svetlana Khorkina is often regarded as one of the most successful female gymnasts of all time . At the Opening Ceremony of the 2019 Winter Universiade she lit the fire , together with bandy player Sergey Lomanov .'}]}, {'value': '9.618', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oksana Chusovitina ( UZB )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oksana_Chusovitina', 'summary': "Oksana Aleksandrovna Chusovitina ( Russian : Оксана Александровна Чусовитина ; born 19 June 1975 ) is an Olympic gymnast who has competed for the Soviet Union , Uzbekistan , and Germany . Chusovitina 's career as an elite gymnast has spanned more than a quarter century . She won the USSR Junior Nationals in 1988 and began competing at the international level in 1989 , before many of her current rivals were even born . She is the only female gymnast ever to compete in seven Olympic Games , and is one of only two female gymnasts to compete at the Olympics under three different national teams : the Unified Team in 1992 ; Uzbekistan in 1996 , 2000 , 2004 , and 2016 ; and Germany in 2008 and 2012 . Chusovitina has also competed in 16 World Championships , four Asian Games and three Goodwill Games . Chusovitina holds the record for the most individual world championships medals on a single event ( nine , on the vault ) . Chusovitina is one of a few women , along with Cuban Leyanet Gonzalez , Soviet Larisa Latynina , Dutch Suzanne Harmes and Russian Aliya Mustafina to return to international competition after becoming a mother . Australia 's women 's head coach , Peggy Liddick , said Chusovitina is a role model and an inspiration ."}]}, {'value': '9.612', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Grosheva ( RUS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elena_Grosheva', 'summary': 'Yelena Nikolayevna Grosheva ( Russian : Елена Николаевна Грошева ; born April 12 , 1979 ) is a Russian former competitive gymnast . She won silver in the team event at the 1996 Summer Olympics and two team medals at the World Championships .'}]}, {'value': '9.293', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meng Fei ( CHN )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meng_Fei_(gymnast)', 'summary': 'Meng Fei ( born March 22 , 1981 ) is a Chinese artistic gymnast . She won the silver medal in the uneven bars and the bronze medal in the team event at the 1997 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships . She was also a part of the silver-medal-winning team at the 1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships . Currently Meng Fei is an optional team coach at Woodlands Gymnastics Academy in Spring , Texas USA .'}]}, {'value': '4.831', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Women -- Vault', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1995_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_6', 'intro': 'The 30th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held at Sun Dome Fukui in Sabae, Japan in 1995.'} | null | null | Who is the twin sister of the gymnast who placed 4th in vaulting at the 1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships ? | Mo Huifang |
0bd9f5304dab8439 | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Turkish_Grand_Prix', 'title': '2005 Turkish Grand Prix', 'header': ['Pos', 'No', 'Driver', 'Constructor', 'Lap', 'Gap'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kimi Räikkönen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kimi_Räikkönen', 'summary': "Kimi-Matias Räikkönen ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkimi ˈmɑtiɑs ˈræikːønen ] ; born 17 October 1979 ) , nicknamed Iceman , is a Finnish racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Alfa Romeo Racing . He won the 2007 Formula One World Championship in his first season at Scuderia Ferrari . After nine seasons racing in Formula One he left the sport to compete in the World Rally Championship in 2010 and 2011 , returning to Formula One from 2012 . In addition to this title , Räikkönen also finished second overall in 2003 and 2005 , and third in 2008 , 2012 and 2018 . Räikkönen has won 21 Grands Prix , making him the most successful Finnish driver in terms of Formula One race wins . He is the only driver to take a race win in the V10 , V8 and the hybrid V6 engine eras . Räikkönen entered Formula One as a regular driver for Sauber-Petronas in 2001 , having competed in only 23 car races previously . He joined McLaren-Mercedes in 2002 , and became a title contender by finishing runner-up in the championship to Michael Schumacher in 2003 , and Fernando Alonso in 2005 . Räikkönen 's seasons at McLaren were plagued by severe unreliability from his cars , prompting a move to Ferrari in 2007 . This change saw him crowned Formula One World Drivers ' Champion that season , pipping both McLaren drivers-Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso-to the title by just one point . In 2008 he equalled the record for the greatest number of fastest laps in a season for the second time . Räikkönen left both Scuderia Ferrari and the sport after the 2009 season , his sole victory that year having come in that season 's Belgian Grand Prix due to driving an uncompetitive Ferrari F60 ."}]}, {'value': 'McLaren - Mercedes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McLaren', 'summary': "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains', 'summary': "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1:26.797', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giancarlo Fisichella', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giancarlo_Fisichella', 'summary': "Giancarlo Fisichella ( Italian pronunciation : [ dʒaŋˈkarlo fiziˈkɛlla ] ; born 14 January 1973 ) , also known as Fisico , Giano or Fisi , is an Italian professional racing driver . He has driven in Formula One for Minardi , Jordan , Benetton , Sauber , Renault , Force India and Ferrari . Since then he has driven for AF Corse in their Ferrari 458 GTE at various sportscar events , becoming twice a Le Mans 24 Hour class winner , and a GT class winner of the Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta . He was also Ferrari 's F1 reserve driver for 2010 . Fisichella won three races in his Formula One career , the first of which was at the chaotic 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix , a race abandoned for safety reasons with 15 laps remaining . After several days of confusion regarding rules and technicalities , Fisichella was eventually declared the winner in the following week , and collected his trophy in an unofficial ceremony at the following race . He was brought into the Renault team to replace fellow Italian Jarno Trulli , and won his first race with the team in Australia in 2005 . However , after that race it was his teammate , the Spanish driver Fernando Alonso , that would win the greater share of races for Renault . Although highly rated as a driver , Fisichella was unable to keep pace with eventual champion Alonso , managing just one further race win following his debut . Outside of driving , he has backed his own GP2 team , FMS International . On 17 June 2012 Fisichella won the GTE Pro division of the Le Mans 24hrs for AF Corse and followed this up with the Manufacturers ' title in the WEC at the end of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Renault', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "The French automotive manufacturer Renault has been associated with Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier for various periods since 1977 . In 1977 , the company entered Formula One as a constructor , introducing the turbo engine to Formula One in its first car , the Renault RS01 . In 1983 , Renault began supplying engines to other teams . Although the Renault team won races and competed for world titles , it withdrew at the end of 1985 . Renault continued supplying engines to other teams until 1986 , then again from 1989 to 1997 and at various other times since then until the present . Renault returned to Formula One in 2000 when it acquired the Enstone-based Benetton Formula team ( formerly Toleman ) . In 2002 Renault re-branded the team as Renault F1 Team and started to use Renault as their constructor name , winning both the Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships in 2005 and 2006 . For the 2011 season the team competed under the name Lotus Renault GP but retained the Renault constructor name . In 2012 , the team changed their constructor name to Lotus and operated as Lotus F1 Team until the end of 2015 , when they returned to the control of Renault as a works manufacturer . For the 2019 season Sport was removed from the team 's official title . Renault has also supplied engines to other teams , including Red Bull Racing ( 2007-2015 ) , Benetton Formula ( 1995-1997 , 2001 ) and Williams ( 1989-1997 , 2012-2013 ) . In addition to its two own F1 World Constructors ' Championships ( 2005 , 2006 ) and two Drivers ' Championships , as an engine supplier , Renault has contributed to nine other World Drivers ' Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1:27.039', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.242', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fernando Alonso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fernando_Alonso', 'summary': "Fernando Alonso Díaz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ feɾˈnando aˈlonso ˈði.aθ ] ( listen ) ; born 29 July 1981 ) is a Spanish racing driver who won the Formula One World Championship in 2005 and 2006 for the Renault team . Away from Formula One , he is a champion of the 2018-19 FIA World Endurance Championship and a two-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2018 and 2019 with Toyota . Alonso also won the 2019 24 Hours of Daytona for Wayne Taylor Racing . Born in Oviedo , Asturias to a working-class family , he began go-karting at the age of three and achieved success in local , national and world championships . Alonso later progressed to car racing , winning the Euro Open by Nissan in 1999 and was fourth in the International Formula 3000 Championship of 2000 . He debuted in Formula One with Minardi in 2001 before joining Renault as a test driver for 2002 . Promoted to a race seat in 2003 , Alonso won two drivers ' championships in 2005 and 2006 from Kimi Räikkönen and Michael Schumacher , respectively . After a third-place finish with McLaren in 2007 , he returned to Renault from 2008 to 2009 and won two races in the former year to place fifth overall . Alonso then drove for Ferrari from 2010 to 2014 . He finished runner-up to Sebastian Vettel three times in tightly-contested title duels in 2010 and 2012 and again in 2013 . A second stint with McLaren from 2015 to 2018 did not result in further success due to an uncompetitive car . Overall Alonso won 32 Formula One races , 22 pole positions and 1,899 points from 311 starts ."}]}, {'value': 'Renault', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "The French automotive manufacturer Renault has been associated with Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier for various periods since 1977 . In 1977 , the company entered Formula One as a constructor , introducing the turbo engine to Formula One in its first car , the Renault RS01 . In 1983 , Renault began supplying engines to other teams . Although the Renault team won races and competed for world titles , it withdrew at the end of 1985 . Renault continued supplying engines to other teams until 1986 , then again from 1989 to 1997 and at various other times since then until the present . Renault returned to Formula One in 2000 when it acquired the Enstone-based Benetton Formula team ( formerly Toleman ) . In 2002 Renault re-branded the team as Renault F1 Team and started to use Renault as their constructor name , winning both the Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships in 2005 and 2006 . For the 2011 season the team competed under the name Lotus Renault GP but retained the Renault constructor name . In 2012 , the team changed their constructor name to Lotus and operated as Lotus F1 Team until the end of 2015 , when they returned to the control of Renault as a works manufacturer . For the 2019 season Sport was removed from the team 's official title . Renault has also supplied engines to other teams , including Red Bull Racing ( 2007-2015 ) , Benetton Formula ( 1995-1997 , 2001 ) and Williams ( 1989-1997 , 2012-2013 ) . In addition to its two own F1 World Constructors ' Championships ( 2005 , 2006 ) and two Drivers ' Championships , as an engine supplier , Renault has contributed to nine other World Drivers ' Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1:27.050', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.253', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juan Pablo Montoya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Montoya', 'summary': "Juan Pablo Montoya Roldán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈxwan ˈpaβlo monˈtoʝa ] ; born September 20 , 1975 ) , is a Colombian-American racing driver . He currently competes in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship driving for Acura Team Penske , having won the championship in 2019 . He won the International F3000 championship in 1998 , the CART FedEx Championship Series in 1999 in his debut year in the series , and the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship in 2019 . His race wins include the Indianapolis 500 ( 2000 , 2015 ) , Grand Prix of Monaco ( 2003 ) , 24 Hours of Daytona ( 2007 , 2008 , 2013 ) , British Grand Prix ( 2005 ) , Italian Grand Prix ( 2001 , 2005 ) , Grand Prix of Long Beach ( 1999 ) , and the Race of Champions ( 2017 ) . Montoya is , alongside Fernando Alonso , one of only two active drivers who have won two legs of the Triple Crown of Motorsport in its original definition . Montoya also equals Mario Andretti and Dan Gurney by winning races in Indy cars , Formula One cars and NASCAR Cup cars . In October 2009 , Montoya was ranked 30th on Times Online 's list of the Top 50 Formula One drivers of all time ."}]}, {'value': 'McLaren - Mercedes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McLaren', 'summary': "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains', 'summary': "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1:27.352', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.555', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jarno Trulli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jarno_Trulli', 'summary': "Jarno Trulli ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈjarno ˈtrulli ] ; born 13 July 1974 ) is an Italian racing driver . He regularly competed in Formula One from 1997 to 2011 , driving for Minardi , Prost , Jordan , Renault , Toyota , Lotus Racing and Team Lotus . His best result in the World Drivers ' Championship was sixth place in 2004 ; this was also the year in which he scored the only win of his Formula One career at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . Throughout his Formula One career , Trulli was renowned for his skill in qualifying , regularly achieving far better grid positions than rivals with superior cars to his own . He was also known for his defensive driving style which allowed him to successfully hold off quicker drivers , sometimes for an entire race . The combination of being able to achieve high grid positions in comparatively slow cars and his ability to hold off faster drivers would often result in a line of vehicles forming behind him during a race , which was commonly referred to as the 'Trulli Train ' by commentators , fans and journalists . Trulli was slated to compete in the 2012 Formula One season , but retired before the season began . In 2014-15 he competed in the inaugural season of the FIA Formula E Championship , driving for Trulli GP , a team he founded himself ."}]}, {'value': 'Toyota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)', 'summary': "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ."}]}, {'value': '1:27.501', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.704', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Heidfeld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Heidfeld', 'summary': 'Nick Lars Heidfeld ( born 10 May 1977 ) is a German professional racing driver . Despite scoring regular podium finishes in 2005 with Williams , and in 2007 and 2008 with BMW Sauber , Heidfeld never won a race after debuting in Formula One in 2000 . Heidfeld currently holds three Formula One records ; most podium finishes without a Grand Prix win ( 13 ) , most second-place finishes without a win ( 8 ) , and the most consecutive race classifications ( 41 ) . In 2011 , Heidfeld raced in Formula One for the Renault team as a replacement for the injured Robert Kubica , his former BMW Sauber teammate , before being replaced by Bruno Senna . He currently drives for the Rebellion Racing team in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Mahindra Racing Formula E Team in Formula E .'}]}, {'value': 'Williams - BMW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering', 'summary': "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:27.929', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.132', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Webber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Webber', 'summary': "Mark Alan Webber AO ( born 27 August 1976 ) is an Australian former professional racing driver , who last competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship as a Porsche works driver in LMP1 , in which he won the championship in 2015 . Webber won nine Formula One Grands Prix and finished third in the championship in 2010 , 2011 and 2013 , all of which achieved while driving for Red Bull Racing . After some racing success in Australia driving Formula Ford and Formula Holden , Webber moved to the United Kingdom in 1995 to further his motorsport career . Webber began a partnership with fellow Australian Paul Stoddart , at that time owner of the European Racing Formula 3000 team , which eventually took them both into Formula One when Stoddart bought the Minardi team . He also beat future F1 World Champion Fernando Alonso , then 19 , in the 2000 International Formula 3000 season . Webber made his Formula One debut in 2002 , scoring Minardi 's first points in three years at his and Stoddart 's home race . After his first season , Jaguar took him on as lead driver . During two years with the generally uncompetitive team , Webber qualified on the front two rows of the grid several times and outperformed his teammates . His first F1 win was with Red Bull at the 2009 German Grand Prix , which followed second places at the 2009 Chinese Grand Prix , 2009 Turkish Grand Prix and 2009 British Grand Prix . By the end of 2009 , Webber had scored eight podiums , including another victory in Brazil . His eight podiums in 2009 compares with only two podiums in the first seven years of his career . He added ten more podiums in 2010 , including victories in Spain , Monaco , Britain and Hungary ."}]}, {'value': 'Williams - BMW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering', 'summary': "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:27.944', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.147', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Felipe Massa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felipe_Massa', 'summary': "Felipe Massa ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fiˈlipi ˈmasɐ ] , born 25 April 1981 ) is a Brazilian Formula E and former Formula One racing driver . He competed in 15 seasons of Formula One between 2002 and 2017 , where he scored 11 Grand Prix victories , 41 podiums and finished as championship runner-up in 2008 . Massa started his career in go-karting from the age of eight continuing in national and regional championships for seven years . He moved into Formula Chevrolet and claimed the championship . He moved in Italian Formula Renault in 2000 and won the title along with the European championship . Massa went into Euro Formula 3000 taking the championship in 2001 . Massa started his Formula One career with Sauber before joining Scuderia Ferrari as a test driver for 2003 . He returned to Sauber for 2004 and 2005 before rejoining Ferrari where he won two races in 2006 including his home Grand Prix becoming the first Brazilian since Ayrton Senna to win the Brazilian Grand Prix . Massa won three races in 2007 , finishing 4th in the Drivers ' Championship . He finished second in the 2008 Drivers ' World Championship after a long title battle with Lewis Hamilton , winning six races to Hamilton 's five . At the 2009 Hungarian Grand Prix , Massa was injured by a suspension spring off the Brawn GP car of Rubens Barrichello . Massa was forced to miss the rest of the season but returned in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sauber - Petronas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sauber', 'summary': "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering', 'summary': 'Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended .'}]}, {'value': '1:28.419', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.622', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ralf Schumacher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralf_Schumacher', 'summary': "Ralf Schumacher ( born 30 June 1975 ) is a German former racing driver . He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races . Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and the Formula Nippon series . He first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season . Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999 , finishing sixth in the Drivers ' Championship that year . He won his first Grand Prix in 2001 , en route to fourth place in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years . Schumacher left Williams at the end of 2004 and joined Toyota Racing in 2005 . However , his performance throughout 2006 and 2007 resulted in Schumacher leaving Formula One , as a result of internal pressure . After leaving Formula One , Schumacher joined the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2008 , achieving minor success , and retired from motorsport at the end of 2012 to enter a managerial role within DTM , mentoring young drivers ."}]}, {'value': 'Toyota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)', 'summary': "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ."}]}, {'value': '1:28.594', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.797', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Klien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Klien', 'summary': 'Christian Klien ( born 7 February 1983 ) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver . In total he has scored 14 points in Formula One . Klien currently competes full-time in the Blancpain GT Series .'}]}, {'value': 'Red Bull - Cosworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing', 'summary': "Red Bull Racing ( currently sponsored name Aston Martin Red Bull Racing and also simply known as Red Bull or RBR ) is a Formula One racing team , racing a Honda powered car under an Austrian licence and based in the United Kingdom . The team raced under a British licence from 2005 to 2006 and has raced under an Austrian licence since 2007 . It is one of two Formula One teams owned by beverage company Red Bull GmbH , the other being Scuderia AlphaTauri ( previously Scuderia Toro Rosso ) . The team has been managed by Christian Horner since its formation in 2005 . Red Bull had Cosworth engines in 2005 and Ferrari engines in 2006 . The team used engines supplied by Renault between 2007 and 2018 ( from 2016 to 2018 the Renault engine was re-badged TAG Heuer following the breakdown in the relationship between Red Bull and Renault in 2015 ) . During this partnership they won four successive Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championship titles from 2010 to 2013 , becoming the first Austrian team to win the title . The team began using Honda engines in 2019 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosworth', 'summary': 'Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes .'}]}, {'value': '1:28.963', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.166', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rubens Barrichello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rubens_Barrichello', 'summary': "Rubens Rubinho Gonçalves Barrichello ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁubẽjz ɡõ'sawviz baʁiˈkɛlʊ ] , [ ʁuˈbĩjʊ ] ; born 23 May 1972 ) is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2011 , scoring 11 Grand Prix wins and 68 podiums . Barrichello drove for Ferrari from 2000 to 2005 , as Michael Schumacher 's teammate , enjoying considerable success including finishing as championship runner-up in 2002 and 2004 . He also finished third in 2001 and 2009 . Barrichello holds the record for most race starts in Formula One ( 322 ) and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history . Schumacher 's retirement at the end of 2006 made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid , and at the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix he became the most experienced driver in F1 history . He became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts , doing so in 2010 . During his six years with Ferrari , Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors ' titles , as Schumacher won five drivers ' titles in a row between 2000 and 2004 . At the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda . In 2009 , he finished third in the Drivers ' Championship for Brawn GP , as his teammate Jenson Button won the title . This meant Barrichello was involved in a sixth Constructors ' title . He was also appointed chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers ' Association in 2010 , but after losing his seat in Formula One , he was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa . Barrichello was renowned for his mechanical and technical expertise , with a sixth sense of predicting and detecting technical issues and opportunities for improvement in a car ."}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '1:29.369', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.572', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Coulthard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Coulthard', 'summary': "David Marshall Coulthard , MBE ( /ˈkoʊlθɑːrt/ ; born 27 March 1971 ) , known as DC , is a Scottish former Formula One racing driver turned presenter , commentator and journalist . He was runner-up in the 2001 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for McLaren . Coulthard began karting at the age of eleven and achieved early success before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the Formula 3000 series . He first drove in Formula One with Williams in the 1994 season succeeding the late Ayrton Senna . The following year he won his first Grand Prix in Portugal , and then for the 1996 season he moved to McLaren . After winning two races in the 1997 season , he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship in the 1998 season . He won five races throughout 1999 and 2000 before finishing 2nd in the Drivers ' Championship to Michael Schumacher in 2001 . Two more victories followed between 2002 and 2003 before he left McLaren at the end of 2004 . He moved to Red Bull in 2005 and secured their first podium a year later . Coulthard retired from Formula One racing at the end of 2008 . After retiring from Formula One Coulthard continued working with Red Bull as a consultant and joined the BBC as a commentator and pundit for their coverage of Formula One . He returned to active motorsports in 2010 joining Mücke Motorsport in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters and retired at the end of 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Red Bull - Cosworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing', 'summary': "Red Bull Racing ( currently sponsored name Aston Martin Red Bull Racing and also simply known as Red Bull or RBR ) is a Formula One racing team , racing a Honda powered car under an Austrian licence and based in the United Kingdom . The team raced under a British licence from 2005 to 2006 and has raced under an Austrian licence since 2007 . It is one of two Formula One teams owned by beverage company Red Bull GmbH , the other being Scuderia AlphaTauri ( previously Scuderia Toro Rosso ) . The team has been managed by Christian Horner since its formation in 2005 . Red Bull had Cosworth engines in 2005 and Ferrari engines in 2006 . The team used engines supplied by Renault between 2007 and 2018 ( from 2016 to 2018 the Renault engine was re-badged TAG Heuer following the breakdown in the relationship between Red Bull and Renault in 2015 ) . During this partnership they won four successive Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championship titles from 2010 to 2013 , becoming the first Austrian team to win the title . The team began using Honda engines in 2019 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosworth', 'summary': 'Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes .'}]}, {'value': '1:29.764', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.967', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jenson Button', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jenson_Button', 'summary': "Jenson Alexander Lyons Button MBE ( born 19 January 1980 ) is a British racing driver and former Formula One driver . He won the 2009 Formula One World Championship , driving for Brawn GP . He currently competes in the Japanese Super GT Series driving a Honda NSX-GT for Team Kunimitsu , in which he won the title in 2018 . Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success , before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Williams for the 2000 season . The following year he switched to Benetton , which in 2002 became Renault , and then for the 2003 season he moved to BAR . In 2004 he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship , with only the two Ferraris ahead of him . BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the 2006 season , during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary , after 113 races . Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008 , he was left without a drive for the 2009 season , until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009 , and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive , Mercedes-engined car . He went on to win a record-tying six of the first seven races of the 2009 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the Brazilian Grand Prix , having led on points all season ; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors ' Championship . For 2010 , he moved to McLaren , partnering fellow British racer and former World Champion Lewis Hamilton . After finishing fifth for the team in 2010 , Button finished the 2011 season as runner-up ."}]}, {'value': 'BAR - Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_American_Racing', 'summary': "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ."}]}, {'value': '1:30.063', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+3.266', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Takuma Sato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Takuma_Sato', 'summary': "Takuma Sato ( 佐藤 琢磨 , Satō Takuma , born 28 January 1977 ) is a Japanese professional racing driver . Sato has raced full-time in the IndyCar Series since 2010 for the Honda-powered KV , Rahal , Foyt , Andretti , and again starting from 2018 , the Rahal teams . Sato won the 2017 Indianapolis 500 , becoming the first Asian driver to win the Indy 500 . He also became the first Japanese driver to win an IndyCar race when he won the 2013 Grand Prix of Long Beach . He competed in Formula One from 2002 to 2008 for the Honda-powered Jordan , BAR and Super Aguri teams , scoring a single podium at the 2004 United States Grand Prix . His 8th-place finish in the 2004 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship is the best-ever result for a Japanese driver in the series ."}]}, {'value': 'BAR - Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_American_Racing', 'summary': "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ."}]}, {'value': '1:30.175', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+3.378', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tiago Monteiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiago_Monteiro', 'summary': "Tiago Vagaroso da Costa Monteiro ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ tiˈaɣu mõˈtɐjɾu ] ; born 24 July 1976 ) is a Portuguese professional racing driver currently competing in the World Touring Car Cup , driving a Honda Civic TCR for KCMG . He competed in Formula One between 2005 and 2006 for the Jordan Grand Prix , Midland and Spyker MF1 teams - all different iterations of the same team as it was bought by new owners during a two-year stint as part of the Formula One paddock . He is the only Portuguese driver to have scored a Formula One podium finish . Monteiro started racing in the World Touring Car Championship in 2007 with Seat Sport , and remained with the Spanish manufacturer until 2012 , when he switched to the new Honda team late in the season . He still remains with the Japanese manufacturer in 2019 , having achieved his best championship finish of third in 2016 , and also helped Honda to win the manufacturers ' championship in 2013 . He was leading the drivers ' championship after 12 races in 2017 , but injuries sustained in a crash in testing forced him to withdraw from the rest of the season . Monteiro is a 12-time World Touring Car race winner and achieved the eighth most wins in the WTCC , until it became the World Touring Car Cup in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jordan - Toyota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix', 'summary': "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)', 'summary': "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ."}]}, {'value': '1:30.710', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+3.913', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christijan Albers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christijan_Albers', 'summary': 'Christijan Albers ( Christijan Albers ( help·info ) ) ( born 16 April 1979 in Eindhoven ) is a Dutch professional racing driver . After success in the DTM he drove in Formula One from 2005 until the 2007 British Grand Prix , shortly after which he was dropped by the Spyker F1 team . In 2008 , he returned to the DTM series as a driver for the Audi Futurecom TME team . Albers acted as Team Principal and CEO of the Caterham F1 Team from July to September 2014 after it was acquired by new team owners .'}]}, {'value': 'Minardi - Cosworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minardi', 'summary': "Minardi was an Italian automobile racing team and constructor founded in Faenza in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi . It competed in the Formula One World Championship from 1985 until 2005 with little success , nevertheless acquiring a loyal following of fans . In 2001 , to save the team from folding , Minardi sold it to Australian businessman Paul Stoddart , who ran the team for five years before selling it on to Red Bull GmbH in 2005 who renamed it Scuderia Toro Rosso . From 2001 , all of Minardi chassis are called PS then a number , the PS being the initials of team owner , Paul Stoddart . During its time in F1 , the team scored a total of 38 championship points ; 16 of these were earned by the team 's first driver , Pierluigi Martini . Martini also recorded the team 's only front row start , qualifying 2nd at the 1990 United States Grand Prix , and he led a lap during the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix , the only time a Minardi led a lap . The team never achieved a podium finish , only managing three 4th-place finishes : Martini twice in 1991 and Christian Fittipaldi in 1993 . In the 21 seasons , Minardi entered 37 drivers . Thirteen had Italian nationality , the others came with 13 different nationalities ( discounting Doornbos racing under a Monaco license in 2005 ) . Martini started in 103 Grands Prix for the team , while Morbidelli and Gené started 33 times . Before Minardi 's demise , the team was a particularly well-liked team within Formula One circles for its friendliness , accessibility , and lack of corporate culture . On the track , their cars were regarded by many as well-designed for their tiny budget , their low position recognised as a result of a lack of funds ( and engine power ) rather than a poor car ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosworth', 'summary': 'Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes .'}]}, {'value': '1:32.186', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+5.389', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Doornbos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Doornbos', 'summary': "Robert Michael Doornbos ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈroːbərt ˈmɑikəl ˈdoːrnbɔs ] ( listen ) ; born 23 September 1981 ) is a Dutch racing driver who also competed with a Monégasque licence . He has been test and third driver for the Jordan and Red Bull Racing Formula One teams , as well as driving for Minardi and Red Bull Racing in 2005 and 2006 . Doornbos then drove for Minardi Team USA in the 2007 and final season of the Champ Car World Series . He competed in the Superleague Formula racing series in 2008 , and drove for the Netherlands team in A1 Grand Prix 's 2008-2009 season . In 2009 , Doornbos competed in the IndyCar Series . He began the season with Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing , but switched to HVM Racing after the race in Kentucky Speedway ."}]}, {'value': 'Minardi - Cosworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minardi', 'summary': "Minardi was an Italian automobile racing team and constructor founded in Faenza in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi . It competed in the Formula One World Championship from 1985 until 2005 with little success , nevertheless acquiring a loyal following of fans . In 2001 , to save the team from folding , Minardi sold it to Australian businessman Paul Stoddart , who ran the team for five years before selling it on to Red Bull GmbH in 2005 who renamed it Scuderia Toro Rosso . From 2001 , all of Minardi chassis are called PS then a number , the PS being the initials of team owner , Paul Stoddart . During its time in F1 , the team scored a total of 38 championship points ; 16 of these were earned by the team 's first driver , Pierluigi Martini . Martini also recorded the team 's only front row start , qualifying 2nd at the 1990 United States Grand Prix , and he led a lap during the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix , the only time a Minardi led a lap . The team never achieved a podium finish , only managing three 4th-place finishes : Martini twice in 1991 and Christian Fittipaldi in 1993 . In the 21 seasons , Minardi entered 37 drivers . Thirteen had Italian nationality , the others came with 13 different nationalities ( discounting Doornbos racing under a Monaco license in 2005 ) . Martini started in 103 Grands Prix for the team , while Morbidelli and Gené started 33 times . Before Minardi 's demise , the team was a particularly well-liked team within Formula One circles for its friendliness , accessibility , and lack of corporate culture . On the track , their cars were regarded by many as well-designed for their tiny budget , their low position recognised as a result of a lack of funds ( and engine power ) rather than a poor car ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosworth', 'summary': 'Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes .'}]}, {'value': 'no time', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jacques Villeneuve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve', 'summary': "Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve OQ ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒɑk vilnœv ] ; born April 9 , 1971 ) is a Canadian professional auto racing driver and amateur musician . Villeneuve currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the # 32 Chevrolet Camaro for Go Fas Racing in the Elite 1 class . He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve , and is the namesake of his uncle , who was also a racer . Villeneuve won the 1995 CART Championship , the 1995 Indianapolis 500 and the 1997 Formula One World Championship , making him only the third driver after Mario Andretti and Emerson Fittipaldi to achieve such a feat . As of 2019 [ update ] , no other Canadian has won the Indianapolis 500 or the Formula One Drivers ' title . Following two successful years in CART , Villeneuve moved into Formula One with the front-running Williams team , alongside Damon Hill . In his debut season , Villeneuve challenged teammate Hill for the title , winning four races and taking the fight to the final round in Japan , where Villeneuve retired and Hill won the race and the title . Villeneuve , however , did win the following year 's title , this time challenging Michael Schumacher and once again taking it to the final round in Jerez , where Schumacher retired after the two collided . 1997 would be the last year in which Villeneuve would win a championship level race and finish the season in the top three . For 1998 , Villeneuve 's Williams team had to fare with less competitive Mecachrome engines , and Villeneuve moved to the newly formed British American Racing team in 1999 . He stayed there for the next four seasons but , following poor results he was replaced by former British Formula Three Champion Takuma Sato . Villeneuve also drove for Renault at the end of 2004 , and Sauber in the 2005 season and eleven races of the 2006 season before suffering an injury in Germany ."}]}, {'value': 'Sauber - Petronas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sauber', 'summary': "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering', 'summary': 'Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended .'}]}, {'value': 'no time', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Narain Karthikeyan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Narain_Karthikeyan', 'summary': "Kumar Ram Narain Karthikeyan ( born 14 January 1977 ) is a racing driver who was the first Formula One driver from India . He has previously competed in A1GP , and the Le Mans Series . He has won multiple races in A1GP , British F3 , World series by Nissan , AutoGP , Formula Asia , British Formula Ford & Opel series in his single-seater career . He won the British Formula Ford Winter Series in 1994 & Formula Asia Championship in 1996 . He also finished fourth overall in British F3 in 2000 & the World Nissan series in 2003 . He made his Formula One debut in 2005 with the Jordan team , and was a Williams F1 test driver in 2006 and 2007 . Like several other former F1 drivers , Karthikeyan moved to stock car racing and drove the No . 60 Safe Auto Insurance Company Toyota Tundra for Wyler Racing in the 2010 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series . In 2011 he returned to F1 with the HRT team , continued with the team in 2012 and was expected to drive for them in the 2013 season as well . However , HRT was not included in the FIA 's 2013 entry list , and thus Karthikeyan was left without a drive . From 2014-2018 , Karthikeyan raced in Japanese Super Formula series . In 2019 he ended his single-seater career by joining SuperGT series in Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Jordan - Toyota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix', 'summary': "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)', 'summary': "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Schumacher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Schumacher', 'summary': "Michael Schumacher ( /ˈʃuːmɑːkər/ ; German : [ ˈmɪçaːʔeːl ˈʃuːmaxɐ ] ( listen ) ; born 3 January 1969 ) is a retired German racing driver who raced in Formula One for Jordan Grand Prix , Benetton and Ferrari , where he spent most of his career , as well as for Mercedes upon his return to the sport . Widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers ever , and regarded by some as the greatest of all time , Schumacher is the only driver in history to win seven Formula One World Championships , five of which he won consecutively . The most successful driver in the history of the sport , Schumacher holds the records for the most World Championship titles ( 7 ) , the most Grand Prix wins ( 91 ) , the most fastest laps ( 77 ) and the most races won in a single season ( 13 ) , and according to the official Formula One website ( Formula1.com ) , Schumacher was statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen at the time of his retirement from the sport . After success in karting as a child , Schumacher won titles in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship . In 1991 his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton for the rest of that season . He finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 , before becoming the first German World Drivers ' Champion in 1994 by one point over Damon Hill , albeit in controversial circumstances . In 1995 he repeated the success , this time with a greater margin . In 1996 Schumacher moved to Ferrari , who had last won the Drivers ' Championship in 1979 , and helped them transform into the most successful team in Formula One history , as he came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles , before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix , ending another title run . Schumacher won five consecutive drivers ' titles from 2000 to 2004 , including an unprecedented sixth and seventh title . In 2002 Schumacher won the title with a record six races remaining and finished on the podium in every race . In 2004 Schumacher won twelve out of the first thirteen races and went on to win a record 13 times as he won his final title . Schumacher retired from Formula One in 2006 , after finishing runner-up to Renault 's Fernando Alonso ."}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Classification -- Qualifying', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2005_Turkish_Grand_Prix_0', 'intro': "The 2005 Turkish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 21 August 2005 at Istanbul Park, Istanbul, Turkey. It was the fourteenth race of the 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship and the inaugural Turkish Grand Prix. The 58-lap race was won by Finnish driver Kimi Räikkönen, driving a McLaren-Mercedes. Räikkönen took his fifth victory of the season after starting from pole position and leading every lap. Räikkönen's Colombian teammate, Juan Pablo Montoya, ran second until he collided with a backmarker and then ran wide in the closing laps, allowing Spaniard Fernando Alonso through in his Renault. With five races remaining, Alonso led the Drivers' Championship by 24 points from Räikkönen, while Renault's lead over McLaren in the Constructors' Championship was nine points."} | null | null | What was the lap time of the driver born on 29 July 1981 ? | 1:27.050 |
0bdb82fa968a78bb | hybridqa | {'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Pakistan', 'title': 'List of universities in Pakistan', 'header': ['University', 'Location', 'Established', 'Campuses', 'Specialization', 'Type'], 'data': [{'value': '1 University of Balochistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Balochistan', 'summary': 'The University of Balochistan ( Urdu : جامعہ بلوچستان ) , also known as Balochistan University , is a public university located in the downtown area of Quetta , Balochistan , Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Quetta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quetta', 'summary': "Quetta ( Pashto : کوټه Kwaṭa ; Balochi : کویته ; Urdu : کوئٹہ , Hazaragi : کویته [ ˈkʋeːʈə ] ( listen ) ; formerly known as Shalkot ( Pashto : شالکوټ ) ) is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan , Pakistan . It was largely destroyed in the 1935 Quetta earthquake , but was rebuilt and has a population of 4,678,932 according to the census of 2017 . Quetta is at an average elevation of 1,680 metres ( 5,510 feet ) above sea level , making it Pakistan 's only high-altitude major city . The city is known as the Fruit Garden of Pakistan , due to the numerous fruit orchards in and around it , and the large variety of fruits and dried fruit products produced there . Located in northern Balochistan near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border , Quetta is a trade and communication centre between the two countries . The city is near the Bolan Pass route which was once one of the major gateways from Central Asia to South Asia . Quetta played an important role militarily for the Pakistani Armed Forces in the intermittent Afghanistan conflict ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mastung , Kharan , Pishin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mastung,_Pakistan', 'summary': "Mastung ( Urdu : مستونگ ) , the capital of Mastung District , is a town in the Balochistan province of Pakistan . It is located at 29°48'0N 66°50'60E and has an altitude of 1701 metres ( 5583 feet ) . The town is also the administrative centre of Mastung Tehsil , an administrative subdivision of the district - the town itself is administratively subdivided into two Union Councils . Mastung is located in Sarawan which is a division of the princely state of Kalat , the Chief Of Sarawan himself is from Mastung . There are numerous Baloch as well as Pathan tribes populated in Mastung , the tribes include Raisani which is the most popular tribe and is politically active and leading in the area other tribes may include Lehri , Satakzai , Bangulzai , Syed and a several more ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kharan,_Pakistan', 'summary': "Kharan ( Urdu : خاران ) is a town in Kharan District , Balochistan , Pakistan . It is located at 28°35'0N 65°25'0E with an altitude of 692 metres ( 2273 feet ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pishin,_Pakistan', 'summary': 'Pishin or Pshin ( Pashto : پښين ) is a city that is the capital of the Pishin District of Balochistan province , Pakistan . Pishin connects Quetta , the provincial capital , to Afghanistan . It is considered part of the Pashtun belt of Balochistan , and it is the largest district of Pashtun tribes in the region . Due to its high population and vast area , a new tehsil , Pishin , has been established , and Malikyar is popular place/village for its greenery and production of different kinds of fruits and vegetables . and beautiful lake Band Khushdil Khan is present in Malikyar .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balochistan_University_of_Engineering_and_Technology', 'summary': 'The Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology ( BUET ) is a public university located in Khuzdar , Balochistan , Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Khuzdar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khuzdar', 'summary': 'Khuzdār ( Brahui/Balochi : خوزدار ; Urdu : خُضدار ) is the capital city of Khuzdar District in the central part of Balochistan Province , Pakistan . Historically , Khuzdar was the main city and capital of the Jhalawan province of the Khanate of Kalat . From October 1952 to 1955 , it became part of the Balochistan States Union . In 1955 , Khuzdar became the capital of the newly formed Kalat Division . Currently , Khuzdar is the third-largest city of Balochistan Province after Quetta and Turbat , and is also the largest Brahui-speaking city .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Engineering and Technology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 Al-Hamd Islamic University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al-Hamd_Islamic_University', 'summary': 'Al-Hamd Islamic University is a private university located in the downtown area of Quetta , Balochistan , Pakistan . The Al-Hamd Islamic University is recognized by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and it is conceived by Alhamd Educational System ( AES ) . The Alhamd Educational System which was established in 1995 is also operating some other institution like : Balochistan Institute of Technology , BIT Girls College , Dar-e-Arqam School of Islam and Modern Sciences , Dar-e-Arqam Girls College , and Quran Research Academy . The university was established in 2005 under the act of The Al-Hamd Islamic University , Quetta . Act 2005 by Balochistan Assembly .'}]}, {'value': 'Quetta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quetta', 'summary': "Quetta ( Pashto : کوټه Kwaṭa ; Balochi : کویته ; Urdu : کوئٹہ , Hazaragi : کویته [ ˈkʋeːʈə ] ( listen ) ; formerly known as Shalkot ( Pashto : شالکوټ ) ) is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan , Pakistan . It was largely destroyed in the 1935 Quetta earthquake , but was rebuilt and has a population of 4,678,932 according to the census of 2017 . Quetta is at an average elevation of 1,680 metres ( 5,510 feet ) above sea level , making it Pakistan 's only high-altitude major city . The city is known as the Fruit Garden of Pakistan , due to the numerous fruit orchards in and around it , and the large variety of fruits and dried fruit products produced there . Located in northern Balochistan near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border , Quetta is a trade and communication centre between the two countries . The city is near the Bolan Pass route which was once one of the major gateways from Central Asia to South Asia . Quetta played an important role militarily for the Pakistani Armed Forces in the intermittent Afghanistan conflict ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Islamabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Islamabad', 'summary': "Islamabad ( /ɪsˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/ ; Urdu : اسلام آباد , Islāmābād ) is the capital city of Pakistan , and is federally administered as part of the Islamabad Capital Territory . Built as a planned city in the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan 's capital , Islamabad is noted for its high standards of living , safety , and abundant greenery . With a population of 1,014,825 as per the 2017 Census , Islamabad is the 9th largest city in Pakistan , while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country 's third largest with a population exceeding four million . The city is the political seat of Pakistan and local government setup is run by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation , supported by the Capital Development Authority ( CDA ) . Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country , between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north . The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions . The city 's master-plan , designed by Greek architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis , divides the city into eight zones , including administrative , diplomatic enclave , residential areas , educational sectors , industrial sectors , commercial areas , and rural and green areas . The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests , including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park . The city is home to several landmarks , including the Faisal Mosque , the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world . Other landmarks include the Pakistan 's National Monument and Democracy Square . Islamabad is a gamma-global city ; it is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , with an HDI of 0.875 , the 2nd highest in the country after Lahore . The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan , and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens ."}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 Balochistan University of Information Technology , Engineering and Management Sciences', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balochistan_University_of_Information_Technology,_Engineering_and_Management_Sciences', 'summary': 'The Balochistan University of Information Technology , Engineering , and Management Sciences ( BUITEMS ) is a public research university in Quetta , Balochistan , Pakistan . The Government of Balochistan chartered the university on 18 July 2002 . The university officially commenced its academic activities in October , 14th 2002 with three undergraduate programs in Computer Science , Computer Engineering and Business Administration with an initial enrollment of 90 students . The university is structured around four campuses that focus on Engineering , Information Technology Business , Arts , and Life Sciences consisting of 30 academic programs at undergraduate and graduate levels . As of spring 2017 , the university has grown to a student strength of 9197 , and a faculty of 600 .'}]}, {'value': 'Quetta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quetta', 'summary': "Quetta ( Pashto : کوټه Kwaṭa ; Balochi : کویته ; Urdu : کوئٹہ , Hazaragi : کویته [ ˈkʋeːʈə ] ( listen ) ; formerly known as Shalkot ( Pashto : شالکوټ ) ) is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan , Pakistan . It was largely destroyed in the 1935 Quetta earthquake , but was rebuilt and has a population of 4,678,932 according to the census of 2017 . Quetta is at an average elevation of 1,680 metres ( 5,510 feet ) above sea level , making it Pakistan 's only high-altitude major city . The city is known as the Fruit Garden of Pakistan , due to the numerous fruit orchards in and around it , and the large variety of fruits and dried fruit products produced there . Located in northern Balochistan near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border , Quetta is a trade and communication centre between the two countries . The city is near the Bolan Pass route which was once one of the major gateways from Central Asia to South Asia . Quetta played an important role militarily for the Pakistani Armed Forces in the intermittent Afghanistan conflict ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zhob', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zhob', 'summary': 'Zhob ( /ʒoʊb/ ; Pashto and Urdu : ژوب ) , formerly known as Fort Sandeman or Appozai , is a city and district capital of Zhob District in Balochistan province of Pakistan . Zhob is located on the banks of Zhob River 337 km from Quetta , the capital of Balochistan . The city was originally named Appozai after a nearby village . During the British colonial era it was named Fort Sandeman . It obtained its current name on 30 July 1976 when the then Prime Minister of Pakistan , Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had the name changed .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': "5 Sardar Bahadur Khan Women 's University", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Sardar_Bahadur_Khan_Women's_University", 'summary': "Sardar Bahadur Khan Women 's University is a women 's university in Quetta , Balochistan , Pakistan . It was established in 2004 . The university offers degree programs in Arts and Sciences . It is named for the former agent to the Governor General and Chief Commissioner of Balochistan , Sardar Bahadur Khan ."}]}, {'value': 'Quetta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quetta', 'summary': "Quetta ( Pashto : کوټه Kwaṭa ; Balochi : کویته ; Urdu : کوئٹہ , Hazaragi : کویته [ ˈkʋeːʈə ] ( listen ) ; formerly known as Shalkot ( Pashto : شالکوټ ) ) is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan , Pakistan . It was largely destroyed in the 1935 Quetta earthquake , but was rebuilt and has a population of 4,678,932 according to the census of 2017 . Quetta is at an average elevation of 1,680 metres ( 5,510 feet ) above sea level , making it Pakistan 's only high-altitude major city . The city is known as the Fruit Garden of Pakistan , due to the numerous fruit orchards in and around it , and the large variety of fruits and dried fruit products produced there . Located in northern Balochistan near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border , Quetta is a trade and communication centre between the two countries . The city is near the Bolan Pass route which was once one of the major gateways from Central Asia to South Asia . Quetta played an important role militarily for the Pakistani Armed Forces in the intermittent Afghanistan conflict ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noshki , Pishin , Khuzdar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noshki', 'summary': 'Nushki ( Balochi : نوشکی ) is a town and district in Balochistan , Pakistan . It lies southwest of Quetta , and is situated in a plain at the base of the Quetta plateau , 2900 ft above sea level . From Nushki , the flat Balochistan desert stretches away northward and westward to the Helmand River .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pishin,_Pakistan', 'summary': 'Pishin or Pshin ( Pashto : پښين ) is a city that is the capital of the Pishin District of Balochistan province , Pakistan . Pishin connects Quetta , the provincial capital , to Afghanistan . It is considered part of the Pashtun belt of Balochistan , and it is the largest district of Pashtun tribes in the region . Due to its high population and vast area , a new tehsil , Pishin , has been established , and Malikyar is popular place/village for its greenery and production of different kinds of fruits and vegetables . and beautiful lake Band Khushdil Khan is present in Malikyar .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Khuzdar', 'summary': 'Khuzdār ( Brahui/Balochi : خوزدار ; Urdu : خُضدار ) is the capital city of Khuzdar District in the central part of Balochistan Province , Pakistan . Historically , Khuzdar was the main city and capital of the Jhalawan province of the Khanate of Kalat . From October 1952 to 1955 , it became part of the Balochistan States Union . In 1955 , Khuzdar became the capital of the newly formed Kalat Division . Currently , Khuzdar is the third-largest city of Balochistan Province after Quetta and Turbat , and is also the largest Brahui-speaking city .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6 Lasbela University of Agriculture , Water and Marine Sciences', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lasbela_University_of_Agriculture,_Water_and_Marine_Sciences', 'summary': 'Lasbela University of Agriculture , Water and Marine Sciences is a university located in Uthal , Lasbela District , Balochistan , Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Lasbela', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lasbela_District', 'summary': 'Lasbela ( Urdu and Balochi : لسبیلہ ) is a coastal district of Balochistan province of Pakistan . It became a separate district in Kalat Division on 30 June 1954 . Uthal is the district headquarters . The district is divided into Five Tehsil and 22 union councils .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wadh , Dera Murad Jamali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wadh', 'summary': 'Wadh ( Urdu : وڈھ ) is a town in the Khuzdar District of Balochistan , Pakistan . The population of the town was 48.950 according to the 1998 census . Most of the inhabitants of the sub-district belong to the Mengal tribe . The majority of the people in the area are Muslims , with a small Hindu minority .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dera_Murad_Jamali', 'summary': 'Dera Murad Jamali ( Urdu : ڈیرہ مراد جمالی ) , often abbreviated as D.M . Jamali , is a city located in Nasirabad District in Balochistan , Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 University of Turbat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Turbat', 'summary': 'The University of Turbat ( UOT ) ( Urdu : جامعہ تربت ; Balochi : جامعہ تربت ) is a public university situated in Turbat , Balochistan , Pakistan . It was established in 2013 . Prof. Dr. Abdul Razzaq Sabir ( TI ) is the first vice chancellor of the university .'}]}, {'value': 'Turbat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turbat', 'summary': 'Turbat ( Urdu and Balochi : تربت ) is a city in southern Balochistan , Pakistan , and the administrative centre of Kech District . Situated on the Kech River , Turbat was the historical capital of the State of Makran . Turbat is the second-largest city in Balochistan Province after Quetta , and is the largest city in the southern part of the province . The Gwadar Port is about 120 kilometres ( 75 mi ) to the southwest of Turbat .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gwadar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwadar', 'summary': "Gwadar ( Balochi and Urdu : گوادر ; pronounced [ ɡʷɑːd̪əɾ ] ; Arabic : غوادر ) is a port city on the southwestern coast of Balochistan , Pakistan . The city is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea opposite Oman . Gwadar was an overseas possession of Oman from 1783 to 1958 . It is about 120 kilometres ( 75 mi ) southwest of Turbat , while the sister port city of Chabahar in Iran 's Sistan and Baluchestan Province is about 170 kilometres ( 110 mi ) to the west of Gwadar . For most of its history , Gwadar was a small to medium-sized settlement with an economy largely based on artisanal fishing . The strategic value of its location was first recognized in 1954 when it was identified as a suitable site for a deep water port by the United States Geological Survey at the request of Pakistan while the territory was still under Omani rule . The area 's potential to be a major deep water port remained untapped under successive Pakistani governments until 2001 , when construction on the first phase of Gwadar Port was initiated . The first phase was inaugurated by General Parvez Musharraf in 2007 at a total cost of $ 248 million . The port initially remained underutilized after construction for a variety of reasons , including lack of investment , security concerns , and the Government of Pakistan 's failure to transfer land as promised to the port operator , Port of Singapore Authority . In April 2015 , Pakistan and China announced their intention to develop the $ 46 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor ( CPEC ) , which in turn forms part of China 's ambitious One Belt , One Road . Gwadar features heavily in CPEC , and is also envisaged to be the link between the One Belt , One Road and Maritime Silk Road project . $ 1.153 billion worth of infrastructure projects will be invested into the city as part of CPEC , with the aim of linking northern Pakistan and western China to the deep water seaport ."}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 University of Loralai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Loralai', 'summary': 'University of Loralai ( Urdu : یونیورسٹی آف لورالائی ) is in Loralai , Pakistan . The university started its academic activities in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Loralai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loralai', 'summary': 'Loralai ( Pashto : لورلايي , Urdu : لورالائی ) , also known as Bori ( Pashto : بورۍ ) , is the division headquarter of Zhob Division and district headquarter of Loralai District . It is in the northeast of Balochistan province in Pakistan . It is 4,700 feet ( 1,400 m ) above sea level .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Balochistan', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_universities_in_Pakistan_1', 'intro': 'Higher education in Pakistan is the systematic process of students continuing their education beyond secondary school, learned societies and two-year colleges. The governance of higher education is maintained under the Higher Education Commission (Pakistan) (HEC) which oversees the financial funding, research outputs and teaching quality in the country. In Pakistan, the higher education system includes the public, private and military universities, all accredited by the HEC. Since independence, new universities have expanded throughout the country with support provided by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which had been an autonomous institution of recognizing universities until 2002 when it was preceded by the Higher Education Commission. Pakistan produces about 445,000 university graduates and 10,000 computer science graduates annually. Following public and private higher education institutions are active in the country:'} | null | null | How many union councils are located in the city that is home to Lasbela University of Agriculture , Water and Marine Sciences ? | 22 |
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